Untitled record

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

【0001】

[Industrial application field]

The present invention relates to preventive maintenance systems and switches for switches used in, for example, power systems.

【0002】

[Conventional technology]

A switch such as a circuit breaker is used in the power system to immediately open the electric circuit due to a system abnormality and promptly eliminate the system abnormality. It is extremely important that such a switch operates reliably in the event of an abnormality.

【0003】

However, such a switch may not operate normally even if an opening / closing command is given due to an abnormality such as deterioration of grease or deformation of a contact surface due to long-term use. When such a problem occurs, it causes a great deal of damage to the entire power system, so that the switch is required to have even higher reliability. That is, in recent years, there has been an increasing demand for added value such as preventive maintenance in which a switch has not only a function of opening and closing an electric circuit but also detects information on an opening / closing operation and detects in advance whether or not a defect has occurred.

【0004】

For this reason, conventionally, various sensors are attached to the operation mechanism of the switch, the signal is transmitted to an external judgment device to detect the operation characteristic, and the detected signal is compared with the characteristic in the normal state. It was judged whether there was any abnormality.

【0005】

[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]

However, in such a conventional system, it is not possible to reliably determine the abnormality of the switch due to the large current flowing in the main circuit and the noise caused by the sage associated with the opening and closing of the contacts. In particular, there is a possibility that such noise may be mixed in the path transmitted from the sensor to the external judgment device. An object of the present invention is to provide a preventive maintenance system for a switch and a switch that can reliably determine an abnormality.

【0006】

[Means for solving problems]

In order to achieve the above object, the first invention is a switch having an opening / closing mechanism for opening / closing an electric circuit, an operation mechanism for operating the opening / closing mechanism, and an abnormality of the switch by detecting the open / closed state of the switch. In a preventive maintenance system for a switch having a discriminating means for making a judgment, a detecting means for detecting the open / closed state of the switch with an optical signal and a receiving means for receiving an optical signal from the detecting means in a non-contact manner with the detecting means. , The transmission means for transmitting the optical signal received by the receiving means to the discriminating means constitutes a preventive maintenance system for the switch.

【0007】

Further, in the second invention, the opening / closing mechanism is operated by operating an opening / closing mechanism that opens / closes an electric circuit by connecting and disconnecting a pair of electrodes on the fixed side and a movable side, and a connecting plate connected to the movable side electrode side of the opening / closing mechanism. In a switch having an operating mechanism, the operating mechanism detects the open state of the electrodes of the open / close mechanism with an optical signal, a first light projecting means and a light receiving means, and an optical signal of the closed state of the electrodes of the open / close mechanism. The switch is composed of the second light emitting means and the light receiving means detected by the above.

【0008】

[Action]

In the first invention in the above configuration, when the detecting means detects the open pole state of the switch with an optical signal, the receiving means receives and transmits the optical signal from the detecting means in non-contact with the detecting means. Since the optical signal is transmitted to the discriminating means via the means, it is possible to reliably and promptly determine the abnormality of the switch without being affected by the main circuit current or noise due to the opening and closing of the contacts.

【0009】

Further, in the second invention, the operation mechanism of the switch has a first light projecting means and a light receiving means for detecting the open state of the electrodes of the switch with an optical signal, and the closed state of the electrodes of the switch with an optical signal. Since a second light projecting means and light receiving means for detecting are provided, the open / closed state of the switch opening / closing mechanism can be reliably and quickly detected without being affected by noise due to the opening / closing of the contacts. can do.

【0010】

[Example]

Hereinafter, examples of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 to 5. FIG. 1 is a three-dimensional view showing the mechanical part of the switch of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a side view showing the main part of FIG. Here, a case where the opening operation is performed from the closed state will be described.

【0011】

The trip catch 10 of the operating mechanism 9 in the closed circuit state is engaged with the trip shaft 11. At this time, the opening spring 12 is in a stored state and generates the main shaft 13. This moment acts as a force that finally rotates the trip catch 10 counterclockwise around the trip catch axis 15 via the links 14a to 14e connected to the main shaft 13. However, since the trip catch 10 is engaged with the trip shaft 11, its rotation is blocked, and the operating mechanism 9 is in a stationary state without operating.

【0012】

A breaking device contact (not shown) is connected to the main shaft 13 via a connecting plate 22 and a connecting rod 16, and the breaking device contact is opened by the rotation of the main shaft 13.

【0013】

Further, the trip shaft 11 has a trip shaft notch portion 17 (shown in FIG. 2), and is rotated by the operation of the opening button 18 and the opening coil portion 33. Further, the cam 20 is arranged in contact with the pin 19 connecting the links 14b and 14c, and the cam 20 has a cam notch 21. The rotation of the cam 20 is restrained by the input catch 21.

【0014】

Next, the operation of the operation mechanism 9 when an opening signal is input to a control circuit (not shown) will be described. In this case, the opening coil 33 is excited to rotate the trip shaft 11. Since the trip shaft 11 has the trip shaft notch portion 17, its rotation disengages the trip catch 10 from the trip shaft 11. At this time, the trip catch 10 starts rotating counterclockwise around the trip catch shaft 15. Due to the rotation of the trip catch 10, the pin 19 moves upward in FIG. 2 along the contact surface with the cam 20, and finally the pin 19 fits into the cam notch 21. By this series of operations, the connecting plate 22 moves from the position A to the position B, and the breaker contact changes from the closed state to the open state.

【0015】

The position of the connecting plate 22 differs depending on whether the breaker contact is in the closed state or the open state. In FIGS. 1 and 2, the position when the breaker contact is in the closed state (hereinafter referred to as position A). (Referred to as) is shown by a solid line, and the position when the breaker contact is in the open state (hereinafter referred to as the position B) is shown by an imaginary line. In the vicinity of the connecting plate 22, there are a closed road position detection light sensor-light emitting unit 23, a closed road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24, an open road position detection light sensor-light emitting unit 25, and an open road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 26. is set up. When the connecting plate 22 is in the position A, a part of the connecting plate 22 is present on the line connecting the closed path position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 23 and the closed road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24, and the opening position is detected. The connecting plate 22 does not exist on the line connecting the optical sensor-light projecting unit 25 and the open path detection optical sensor-light receiving unit 26. When the connecting plate 22 is in the position B, the connecting plate 22 does not exist on the line connecting the closed path position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 23 and the closed road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24, and the opening position detection light It is positioned so that a part of the connecting plate 22 exists on the line connecting the sensor-light emitting unit 25 and the open path detection light sensor-light receiving unit 26.

【0016】

The closed path position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 23, the closed road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24, the open road position detection light sensor-light emitting unit 25, and the open road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 26 are optical fiber cables. 27a to 27d are connected so that the optical signal is transmitted to the side surface of the switch 1.

【0017】

Further, FIG. 3 is a configuration diagram of the preventive maintenance system for the switch of the present invention. In FIG. 3, for example, a switch having the end portions of optical fiber cables 27a to 27d wired from the inside of the switch 1 described above connected to the side surface of the switch 1 stacked in multiple stages in a closed switchboard. Side relay parts 2a to 2d are attached. Further, on the side surface of the external device frame 3, the relay portions 4a to 4d on the external device side are non-contactly attached to the positions facing the relay sections 2a to 2d on the switch side. Condensing lenses 5a to 5h are attached to the tips of the switch side relay parts 2a to 2d and the external device side relay parts 4a to 4d, and the external device side relay parts 4a to 4d are optical fiber cables 28a. It is connected to the sensors 6a and 6b via ~ 28d. In the sensor amplifiers 6a and 6b, the optical signal indicating the open / close state of the breaker contact is converted into an electric signal and transmitted to the external judgment device 7 via the cable 8a and 8b. On the other hand, the switch 1 has wheels 34a and 34b at the lower part of the side surface thereof, and can be taken in and out in the direction perpendicular to the paper surface of FIG.

【0018】

FIG. 4 is a diagram schematically showing a signal transmission path. The sensor amplifiers 6a and 6b have built-in light emitting elements 29a and 29b and light receiving elements 30a and 30b. Inside the switch side relay parts 2a to 2d and the external device side relay parts 4a to 4d, the switch side optical fiber-tip 31a to 31d and the external device side optical fiber-tip 32a to 32d are condenser lenses. It is located at each focal position from 5a to 5h.

【0019】

When the optical signal emitted from the light emitting elements 29a and 29b is not received by the light receiving elements 30a and 30b, the sensor amplifiers 6a and 6b apply a predetermined voltage to the external judgment device 7 via the cable 8a and 8b. Output (hereinafter referred to as outputting the ON signal). Further, when the light signals emitted from the light emitting elements 29a and 29b are received by the light receiving elements 30a and 30b, the voltage is not output (hereinafter, referred to as an OFF signal is output).

【0020】

Regarding the transmission of the optical signal, the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29a reaches the external device side optical fiber-tip portion 32a via the optical fiber-cable 28a and is projected into the space. However, since the optical fiber on the external device side-tip 32a is located at the focal position of the condenser lens 5e, the projected light signal becomes parallel light by the condenser lens 5e and does not diverge to the surroundings. Proceed in the direction of the switch side relay unit 2a. When the traveling optical signal reaches the condenser lens 5a, it is received by the switch side optical fiber-tip 31a located at the focal position of the condenser lens 5a, and is received via the optical fiber-cable 27a. Closed position detection light sensor-It reaches the light projecting unit 23 and is projected. If there is no obstruction between the closed road position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 23 and the closed road position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24, the optical signal projected from the closed road position detection light sensor-light emitting unit 23 detects the closed road position. The light is received by the optical sensor-light receiving unit 24 and transmitted to the optical fiber cable 27b. Then, it reaches the switch side optical fiber-tip 31b and is projected into the space. Since the optical fiber on the switch side-the tip 31b is located at the focal position of the condenser lens 5b, the projected light signal becomes parallel light by the condenser lens 5b and does not diverge to the surroundings. Proceed in the direction of the side relay unit 4b. When the traveling optical signal reaches the condenser lens 5f, it is received by the external device side optical fiber-tip 32b located at the focal position of the condenser lens 5f, and is received via the optical fiber-cable 28b. The light is received by the light receiving element 30a.

【0021】

The same applies to the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29b. That is, the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29b is an optical fiber cable 28c / external if there is no shield between the open path position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 25 and the open path position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 26. Equipment side optical fiber-tip 32c, condenser lens 5g, condenser lens 5c, switch side optical fiber-tip 31c, optical fiber-cable 27c, open path position detection optical sensor-light projection 25, open path position Detection optical sensor-light receiving part 26, optical fiber-cable 27d, switch side optical fiber-tip 31d, condenser lens 5d, condenser lens 5h, external device side optical fiber-tip 32d, optical fiber -It is transmitted in the order of bull 28d and received by the light receiving element 30b.

【0022】

Next, when the connecting plate 22 moves from the position A (that is, the breaker contact is in the closed state) to the position B (that is, the breaker contact is in the open state), the sensors 6a and 6b are transferred to the external judgment device 7. Changes in the output signal will be described.

【0023】

FIG. 5 shows the temporal change of the signal output from the sensor amplifiers 6a and 6b to the external judgment device 7 with the time at the moment when the opening signal is input to the control circuit (not shown) as 0. .. In FIG. 5, the connecting plate 22 is in the A position before the opening signal is input. At this time, the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29a built in the sensor-amplifier 6a is the optical fiber-cable 28a, the external device side optical fiber-tip 32a, the condenser lens 5e, and the collection as described above. Optical lens 5a, switch side optical fiber-tip 31a, optical fiber-closed position detection optical sensor via cable 27a-closed position detection optical sensor from light projector 23-light emission in the direction of light receiving unit 24 Will be done. However, since a part of the connecting plate 22 exists on the line connecting the closed path position detection light sensor-light emitting unit 23 and the closed road position detecting light sensor-light receiving unit 24, the projected optical signal is shielded by the connecting plate 22. The optical signal will not be transmitted any more. Therefore, the light signal emitted from the light emitting element 29a is not received by the light receiving element 30a, and the sensor amplifier 6a is in a state of outputting an ON signal to the external determination device 7.

【0024】

When the opening signal is input, the connecting plate 22 starts to operate, and after a certain period of time (time t1 in FIG. 5), the closing position detection light sensor-light projecting unit 23 and the closing position detection light sensor-light receiving unit 24 The connecting plate 22 does not exist on the line connecting with. Therefore, the optical signal projected from the closed circuit position detection optical sensor-light emitting unit 23 is transmitted to the closed road position detection optical sensor-light receiving unit 24 without being blocked in the middle, and as described above, the optical fiber is used. -Bull 27b, switch side optical fiber-tip 31b, condenser lens 5b, condenser lens 5f, external device side optical fiber-tip 32b, optical fiber-cable 28b, and the light receiving element 30a Is received by. Therefore, the signal output from the sensor-amplifier 6a to the external judgment device 7 changes from ON to OFF.

【0025】

On the other hand, regarding the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29b, since the connecting plate 22 is in the position A before the opening signal is input, the opening position detection light sensor-the light projecting unit 25 and the opening position detection light sensor. -There is no connecting plate 22 on the line connecting the light receiving unit 26, and there is nothing to block the optical signal during transmission. Therefore, as described above, the optical signal emitted from the light emitting element 29b is an optical fiber-cable 28c, an external device side optical fiber-tip 32c, a condenser lens 5g, a condenser lens 5c, and a switch side light. Fiber-tip 31c, optical fiber-cable 27c, open path detection optical sensor-light projection 25, open path detection optical sensor-light receiving section 26, optical fiber-cable 27d, switch side optical fiber-tip Part 31d, condensing lens 5d, condensing lens 5h, external device side optical fiber-tip 32d, optical fiber-cable 28d are transmitted in this order, and are received by the light receiving element 30b. Therefore, the sensor-amplifier 6b outputs an OFF signal to the external judgment device 7.

【0026】

When the opening signal is input, the connecting plate 22 starts operating, and after a certain period of time (time t1 in FIG. 5), the signal output from the sensor amplifier 6a to the external judgment device 7 is as described above. It changes from ON to OFF, but since the connecting plate 22 has not completely reached the position of B, the sensor-amplifier 6b is still in the state where the OFF signal is output. After a certain period of time (time t2 in FIG. 5), the connecting plate 22 completely reaches the position B, and the light signal projected from the open path position detection optical sensor-projection unit 25 is blocked. , The light signal emitted from the light emitting element 29b is not received by the light receiving element 30b. Therefore, the signal output from the sensor amplifier 6b to the external judgment device 7 changes from OFF to ON.

【0027】

By monitoring the signals of the sensors 6a and 6b by the external judgment device 7 in this way, the time t1 from the moment when the opening signal is input to the control circuit to the start of operation of the connecting plate 22 and the operation The time t2 until the end of is can be measured.

【0028】

As described above, it is known that the operation time of the switch 1 changes when an abnormality such as deterioration of grease or deformation of the contact surface occurs due to long-term use. Therefore, preventive maintenance of the switch can be performed by comparing the measured t1 and t2 with those in the normal state, and judging that the difference is normal if it is within the permissible range and abnormal if it exceeds the permissible range. Will be.

【0029】

By the way, a switch is often used by being incorporated in a device such as a closed switchboard, and it is necessary that the switch can be taken in and out for maintenance and inspection, and that the operation is simple. However, when an optical fiber cable is used as a means of signal transmission between the sensor and the external judgment device, the light connecting the sensor and the external judgment device is required to allow the switch to be taken in and out. A detachable joint is provided in the middle of the fiber cable, and it is necessary to attach and detach the optical fiber cable at the joint when the switch is taken in and out. For this reason, not only is it time-consuming to attach / detach the optical fiber / cable at the joint, but there are concerns about problems such as disconnection of the optical fiber / cable due to forgetting to attach / detach and inserting / removing the switch. This has been a major obstacle to the realization of signal transmission by optical fiber cables.

【0030】

However, according to the present invention, when the switch 1 is taken in and out of the closed switchboard, the switch side relay units 2a to 2d and the external device side relay units 4a to 4d only face each other in a non-contact manner. Therefore, the switch 1 can be easily taken in and out without the need for a coupling portion of the optical fiber or any work such as removing the relay portion.

【0031】

In the above-described embodiment, the condenser lenses 5a to 5h are attached to the switch side relay parts 2a to 2d and the external device side relay parts 4a to 4d, but this requires the minimum amount of divergence of the optical signal in the relay part. This is to keep it in check. Therefore, it is not always necessary if the light emitting elements 29a and 29b can emit a sufficient amount of light and the relay unit can tolerate some divergence of the optical signal.

【0032】

Further, although the application to the field of preventive maintenance of the switch has been described here as an example, the present invention is not limited to this, and can be applied to, for example, the case where the opening / closing operation of the switch itself is performed by an optical signal. Further, as shown in FIG. 3, a part or all of the switches stacked in multiple stages may be monitored in the same manner.

【0033】

[Effect of the invention]

As described above, according to the first invention, the open / closed state of the switch is detected by the detecting means as an optical signal, the receiving means receives the optical signal in non-contact with the detecting means, and the switching means is used via the transmission means. Since the transmission is transmitted to the discriminating means, it is possible to obtain a preventive maintenance system for the switch that can reliably and promptly determine the abnormality of the switch without being affected by the main circuit current or noise due to the opening and closing of the contacts.

【0034】

Further, according to the second invention, the opening state of the electrodes of the opening / closing mechanism is detected by an optical signal by the first light emitting means and the second light receiving means of the operating mechanism of the switch, and the second light emitting means of the operating mechanism. Since the closed state of the electrodes of the opening / closing mechanism is detected by an optical signal by the optical means and the light receiving means, the open / closed state of the electrodes of the opening / closing mechanism can be reliably detected without being affected by noise caused by opening / closing the contacts. Moreover, it is possible to obtain a switch that can be performed quickly.

[Simple explanation of drawings]

[Figure 1]

The three-dimensional view of the operation mechanism of the switch of this invention.

[Figure 2]

The block diagram of the main part of [Fig. 1].

[Fig. 3]

The block diagram which shows the preventive maintenance system of the switch of this invention.

[Fig. 4]

The figure which shows the transmission path of the detection signal of FIG.

[Fig. 5]

The figure which shows the output signal of the sensor | amplifier 6a, 6b of [Fig.3].

[Explanation of symbols]

2a, 2b, 2c, 2d ... Switch side relay 4a, 4b, 4c, 4d ... External device side relay 23 ... Closed position detection light sensor-light projector 24 ... Closed position detection optical sensor-light receiving part 25 ... Opening position detection light sensor-light projector 26 ... Open path position detection optical sensor-light receiving part 28a, 28b, 28c, 28d ... Optical fiber-cable