2 - multi-aperture cameras with at least one two state zoom camera

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application claims priority from U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/809,871, filed February 25, 2019, which is expressly incorporated by reference in its entirety herein.

FIELD OF THE DISCLOSURE The embodiments disclosed herein relate generally to digital cameras, and more particularly to dual aperture zoom digital cameras with folded zoom lenses.

Compact multi-aperture, especially dual aperture (also referred to as "dual lens" or "dual camera") digital cameras are known. Miniaturization techniques have enabled compact portable electronic devices such as tablets and mobile phones (hereinafter collectively referred to as "smartphones") to incorporate such cameras that provide advanced imaging capabilities such as zoom (see, for example, co-owned PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2015/056004, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety). Such cameras and/or the cameras disclosed herein are cameras with strict height limitations, typically less than 1 cm, and the thinner the better.

Dual aperture zoom cameras are known, where one camera has a wide field of view (FOV) ("wide camera") and the other has a narrow FOV ("tele camera"). Tele cameras are required to have as small dimensions as possible to fit into the thickness of the device in which they are installed (preferably without protruding from the device's housing), while being suitable for working with commonly used image sensors. This problem is even more critical when using tele lenses with a long ("tele") effective focal length (EFL) to obtain a relatively high zoom effect. As is known, the term "EFL" applied to lenses refers to the distance from the rear principal plane to the paraxial focal plane. The rear principal plane is calculated by tracing near-base rays on the axis from infinity and is determined using the angles of the marginal rays in the image space near the base.

A dual aperture zoom camera comprising an upright wide camera and a folded tele camera is disclosed, for example, in commonly owned U.S. Pat. No. 9,392,188. The wide camera is an "upright" camera comprising a wide image sensor and a wide lens module including a wide fixed focus lens assembly (or simply "lens") having a wide lens axis of symmetry. The folded tele camera comprises a tele image sensor and a tele lens module including a tele fixed focus lens having a tele lens axis of symmetry. Dual aperture zoom cameras use a reflective element (optical path folding element or OPFE) that bends light coming from an object or scene along a first optical path toward the tele image sensor into a second optical path. The optical system further comprises a reflective element (also referred to as a telephoto lens symmetry axis). The first optical path and the second optical path are perpendicular to each other. A wide lens axis of symmetry is along (parallel to) the first optical path and a telephoto lens axis of symmetry is along the second optical path. The reflective element has a reflective element axis of symmetry tilted at substantially 45 degrees relative to both the wide lens axis of symmetry and the telephoto lens axis of symmetry and operates to provide a folded optical path between the object and the telephoto image sensor.

Wide lens has a wide field of view (FOV_W) and the telephoto lens has FOV_WNarrower telephoto field of view (FOV_T) In the example, the tele camera provides a X5 zoom effect compared to the wide camera.

Miniature folded cameras are also known that have a lens assembly that includes a number of lens elements divided into two or more groups, where one or more of the lens elements ("groups") are movable relative to another lens element or group of lens elements. The actuators (motors) used for the relative motion include screw-type stepper motors or piezoelectric actuators. However, a common problem with such cameras is that their construction dictates a fairly large F-number (F#) of 3 or more, where the F# increases with the zoom factor. The actuators are slow and noisy (piezoelectric) or bulky (stepper motor), have reliability issues, and are expensive. Also, known optical designs require a large lens assembly height for a given F# for the two extreme zoom states available with such cameras.

"Macro-photography" mode is becoming popular as a differentiator for smartphone cameras. "Macro-photography" refers to photographing objects very close to the camera such that the image recorded on the image sensor is approximately the same size as the actual object photographed. For example, "macro-photography" may refer to photographing tiny objects and organisms, such as insects, where the size of the object in the photograph is larger than life-size. "Macro-photography" produces a "macro image."

The first smartphone models offering macro photography capabilities have entered the consumer market by including a dedicated macro camera with a macro FOV, however, it would be beneficial to provide macro photography capabilities using a type of camera already present in many smartphones without requiring additional dedicated hardware.

In an exemplary embodiment, a folded camera is provided that includes a lens with lens element group G1, lens element group G2, and lens element group G3 along a lens optical axis, an image sensor, an OPFE, and an actuator for moving G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis to put the lens into two zoom states, where G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other and G2 floats between two stops, and moving G1 and G3 together allows G2 to be attached to G1 in one zoom state and G2 to be attached to G3 in another zoom state.

In some embodiments, the fixed attachment between G1 and G3 is made possible by rods connecting G1 and G3, where G2 is guided by the rods and can move relative to the rods along a direction parallel to the lens axis. The attachment of G2 to G1 or G3 may be by magnetic force.

In some embodiments, the movement of G1 and G3 together spans a stroke greater than 2 mm and less than 20 mm, and the stroke of movement of G2 between the two stops is less than half the stroke of G1 and G3.

In some embodiments, the lens has an effective focal length EFL, the EFL being a minimum value EFL in the first zoom state._,minto the maximum value EFL in the second zoom state_maxThe ratio EFL has been changed_max/EFL_,minis greater than 1.5.

In some embodiments, the actuator comprises a shape memory alloy (SMA) actuator having a plurality of SMA springs and a plurality of mechanical springs.

In some embodiments, the plurality of SMA springs includes four springs and the plurality of mechanical springs includes two springs.

In some embodiments, the camera further comprises a voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism for focusing the lens. In some embodiments, the focusing of the lens is performed by moving G1, G2 and G3 together. In some embodiments, the lens is included in a lens and sensor module that also comprises a G2 stop mechanism having a first G2 stop and a second G2 stop, one of the first or second G2 stops being removable to allow G1, G2 and G3 to move over a stroke of 2 mm or more for macro photography.

In some embodiments, the actuator comprises at least three coils coupled to each of a plurality of magnets or to a polarization of a plurality of magnets, hi some embodiments, the position of the at least three coils relative to the plurality of magnets is measured by at least one Hall bar sensor for position sensing.

In some embodiments, the at least three coils are driven by respective drive currents that provide movement relative to the plurality of magnets, the drive currents being dependent on positions of the plurality of coils relative to the plurality of magnets.

In an exemplary embodiment, a folded camera is provided that includes a lens with lens element group G1, lens element group G2, and lens element group G3 along a lens optical axis, an image sensor, an OPFE, and a VCM mechanism for focusing the lens by moving G1, G2, and G3 together in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis, and for moving G1 and G3 together relative to the image sensor for zooming in a direction parallel to the lens optical axis and putting the lens into two zoom states, where G1 and G3 are fixedly attached to each other and G2 floats between two stops, and moving G1 and G3 together allows G2 to be attached to G1 in one zoom state and G2 to be attached to G3 in another zoom state.

In some embodiments, the folded camera further includes a first G2 stop and a second G2 stop, one of the first or second G2 stops being removable to allow G1, G2 and G3 to move over a stroke of 2 mm or more for macro photography.

In an exemplary embodiment, a wide range of effective focal lengths EFL_Wand a wide camera including a wide lens having a first optical axis, a wide image sensor, and a folded telecamera including a telelens having a first optical axis, a teleimage sensor, and an OPFE, the telelens including, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, at least two of the lens element groups are movable along a first optical axis relative to the image sensor to set the telelens to two zoom states, and the effective focal length of the telelens is set to an EFL in one zoom state._TminFrom the EFL in the other zoom state_TmaxChange to EFL_Tmin>1.5×EFL_Wand EFL_Tmax>1.5×EFL_TminThe wide lens has a second optical axis, the second optical axis being perpendicular to the first optical axis.

In some embodiments (not shown), the folded telecamera described above may be replaced by a non-folded (upright) telecamera with the same structure and characteristics, i.e., the non-folded telecamera comprises a telelens comprising, from object side to image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2 and a third lens element group G3, at least two of the lens element groups are movable along the first optical axis relative to the image sensor to bring the telelens into two zoom states, and the effective focal length of the telelens is EFL in one zoom state._TminFrom the EFL in the other zoom state_TmaxChanged to EFL_Tmin>1.5×EFL_WAnd EFL_Tmax>1.5×EFL_TminIt is.

In some exemplary embodiments, the telecamera is configured to focus in both the first zoom state and the second zoom state by lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 being shifted relative to one another.

In some exemplary embodiments, lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are arranged from the object side to the image side, with G1 having positive refractive power, G2 having positive refractive power, and G3 having negative refractive power.

In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens element groups include the lens element groups G1 and G3, the lens element groups G1 and G3 being movable relative to the image sensor and the lens element group G2, and the lens element group G2 being stationary relative to the image sensor. In some embodiments, the lens element group G3 may be further movable relative to the image sensor, the lens element group G1, and the lens element group G2 for focusing. In some embodiments, the lens element group G1 may be further movable relative to the image sensor, the lens element group G2, and the lens element group G3 for focusing.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens element L1 towards the object side has a clear aperture (CA) value (or simply "clear aperture") larger than the clear apertures of all other lens elements in the telelens.

In an exemplary embodiment, the telelens has a total track length (TTL_T) and has a maximum TTL_T(TTL_Tmax) is the TTL_Tmax<EFL_TmaxMeet the conditions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the telelens has a total track length (TTL_T) and has a maximum TTL_T(TTL_Tmax) is the TTL_Tmax<0.9×EFL_TmaxMeet the conditions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the telelens has a telelens F-number (F#_T) and F#_TMinimum value of (F#_Tmin) in F#_Tmin<1.5×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxMeet the conditions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the telelens has a telelens F-number (F#_T) and F#_TMinimum value of (F#_Tmin) and F#_TMaximum of (F#_Tmax) in F#_Tmin<1.8×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxMeet the conditions.

In an exemplary embodiment, the telelens has a telelens F-number (F#_T) and F#_TMinimum value of (F#_Tmin) and F#_TMaximum of (F#_Tmax) in F#_Tmin<1.2×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxMeet the conditions.

In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state is about 0.75×(EFL_Tmax-EFL_Tmin) has a smaller stroke.

In an exemplary embodiment, for any lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state is about 0.6×(EFL_Tmax-EFL_Tmin) has a smaller stroke.

In an exemplary embodiment, the first lens element L1 is a cut lens element.

In some exemplary embodiments, the at least two movable lens element groups include the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3, and the lens element groups G1 and G3 are movable within a given range R relative to the image sensor and the lens element group G2._1,3and the lens element group G2 is movable as a unit at R_1,3Range R smaller than₂In an exemplary embodiment, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are movable toward an image side. In some exemplary embodiments, the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are movable as a unit relative to the image sensor for focusing.

In some exemplary embodiments, the EFL_Tmin= 15 mm, EFL_Tmax=30mm.

In some exemplary embodiments, the EFL_Tmin= 13 mm, EFL_Tmax=26mm.

In some exemplary embodiments, in the two zoom states, R_AFis the maximum range of movement of the lens element group G2 required for focusing between infinity and 1 meter, and R_AF<0.4×R₂In some exemplary embodiments, in the two zoom states, R_AFis the maximum range of movement of the lens element groups G1 and G3 required for focusing between infinity and 2 meters, and R_AF<0.4×R_1,3It is.

In some exemplary embodiments, actuation for the movement of the lens element group G2 is performed with closed-loop control.

In some exemplary embodiments, actuation for the movement of the lens element groups G1 and G3 is performed with open loop control.

In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 is caused using a voice coil motor (VCM) mechanism.

In some exemplary embodiments, the movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 is guided along the first optical axis by a ball guide mechanism that creates a linear rail. In some exemplary embodiments, the ball guide mechanism includes at least one groove on the lens carrier of G2, at least one groove on the lens carriers of G1 and G3, and a number of balls between the grooves on the lens carrier of G2 and the grooves on the lens carriers of G1 and G3.

In an exemplary embodiment, a wide range of effective focal lengths EFL_Wand a wide camera including a wide lens having a first optical axis, a wide image sensor, and a folded telecamera including a telelens having a first optical axis, a teleimage sensor, and an OPFE. The telelens includes, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, and the lens element groups G1 and G3 are arranged within a given range R._1,3and the lens element group G2 is movable along the first optical axis as a unit relative to the image sensor and the lens element group G2, the lens element group G2 being movable within a range R_1,3Range R smaller than₂and is movable along a first optical axis relative to the image sensor, and the combined movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 places the telelens in two states, and the EFL of the telelens is set to an EFL in one zoom state._TminFrom the EFL in the other zoom state_TmaxChange to EFL_Tmin>EFL_Wand EFL_Tmax>1.5×EFL_TminIt offers a dual camera.

In an exemplary embodiment, a folded camera is provided that includes a lens having a first optical axis, an image sensor, and an OPFE, the lens including, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, the lens element groups G1 and G3 being arranged within a given range._1,3and the lens element group G2 is movable along the first optical axis as a unit relative to the image sensor and the lens element group G2, the lens element group G2 being movable within a range R_1,3Range R smaller than₂and a first optical axis that is movable relative to the image sensor, the combined movement of the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 provides the telelens with two zoom states, and the EFL of the telelens is set to an EFL in one zoom state._minFrom the EFL in the other zoom state_TmaxChange to EFL_max>1.5×EFL_minThe present invention provides a bent camera.

In an exemplary embodiment, a wide range of effective focal lengths EFL_Wand a wide camera having a wide lens and a wide image sensor, and an ultra-wide effective focal length EFL_UWand an ultra-wide camera including an ultra-wide lens having an ultra-wide image sensor, and a folded telecamera including a telelens having a first optical axis, a teleimage sensor, and an OPFE, the telelens including, from an object side to an image side, a first lens element group G1, a second lens element group G2, and a third lens element group G3, at least two of the lens element groups are movable along a first optical axis relative to the image sensor to set the telelens into two states, a first zoom state and a second zoom state, and the EFL of the telelens is set to an EFL in the first zoom state._Tminto the EFL in the second zoom state_TmaxChange to EFL_Tmin>1.5×EFL_Wand EFL_Tmax>1.5×EFL_TminIt offers a dual camera.

In an exemplary embodiment, a dual camera is provided, comprising: a wide camera module (or simply "wide camera"); a tele camera module (or simply "telecam") comprising a lens module, a lens actuator for moving the lens module between a first zoom state and a second zoom state, and a memory for storing first calibration data and second calibration data, wherein the first calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in a first zoom state, and the second calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the tele camera module in a second zoom state.

In various exemplary embodiments, an application processor a telecamera module for providing second image data, the telecamera module comprising a lens module and a lens actuator for moving the lens module between a first zoom state and a second zoom state; and a memory for storing first calibration data and second calibration data, the first calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the telecamera module in a first zoom state and the second calibration data may include calibration data between the wide camera module and the telecamera module in a second zoom state, the AP being configured to generate third image data by processing the first image data and the second image data using the first calibration data when the telecamera module is in the first zoom state and by processing the first image data and the second image data using the second calibration data when the telecamera module is in the second zoom state.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data is stored in the first camera module and the second calibration data is stored in the second camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored only in the telecamera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored only in the wide camera module.

In an embodiment of the system, the first calibration data and the second calibration data are stored in a memory that is not located in either the wide camera module or the telecamera module.

In an embodiment of the system, a first portion of the first calibration data and a first portion of the second calibration data are stored in a memory located in the wide camera module or the telecamera module, and a second portion of the first calibration data and a second portion of the second calibration data are stored in a memory not located in the wide camera module or the telecamera module.

Non-limiting examples of the embodiments disclosed herein are described below with reference to the drawings attached hereto, which are shown after this paragraph. Identical structures, elements, or parts that appear in multiple figures are generally numbered the same in all figures in which they appear. If identical elements are shown but numbered in only one figure, they are considered to have the same number in all figures in which they appear. The drawings and descriptions are intended to elucidate and clarify the embodiments disclosed herein, and should not be considered limiting in any way.

<figref num="1A">FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a dual camera including an upright camera and a zoom folded camera.</figref><figref num="1B">FIG. 1B is an exploded view of the dual camera of FIG. 1A.</figref><figref num="2A">FIG. 1C illustrates a folded zoom camera as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B with a first lens optical design and ray tracing in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="2B">FIG. 1C illustrates a folded zoom camera as shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B with a first lens optical design and ray tracing in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="2C">FIG. 2 shows details of lens elements having a first optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="2D">FIG. 2 shows details of lens elements having a first optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="3A">FIG. 2 shows details of lens elements having a second optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="3B">FIG. 13 shows details of lens elements having a second optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="4A">FIG. 13 shows details of lens elements having a third optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="4B">FIG. 13 shows details of lens elements having a third optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="4C">FIG. 13 shows details of lens elements having a fourth optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="4D">FIG. 13 shows details of lens elements having a fourth optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="4E">FIG. 11 shows details of lens elements having a fifth optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="4F">FIG. 11 shows details of lens elements having a fifth optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="4G">FIG. 13 shows details of a lens element having a sixth optical design in a first zoom state.</figref><figref num="4H">FIG. 13 shows details of a lens element having a sixth optical design in a second zoom state.</figref><figref num="5A">EFL from an angle above_Tmin2A and 2B show schematic diagrams of a first embodiment of a telelens and sensor module in a state in which:</figref><figref num="5B">FIG. 5B is a schematic diagram showing the telelens and sensor module of FIG. 5A from another angle on top.</figref><figref num="5C">EFL from an angle above_Tmax1 shows a schematic diagram of a telelens and sensor module in a state shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="5D">FIG. 5D is a schematic diagram showing the telelens and sensor module of FIG. 5C from another angle on top.</figref><figref num="5E">FIG. 5E is an exploded view of the telelens and sensor module of FIGS. 5A-5D.</figref><figref num="6A">An EFL as shown in FIGS. 5A and 5B, viewed from an angle._TminFIG. 2 is a bottom view of the upper and lower working assemblies of the tele lens and sensor module in a front view;</figref><figref num="6B">The EFL as shown in Figures 5C and 5D, viewed from a different angle._TmaxFIG. 2 is a bottom view of the upper and lower working assemblies of the tele lens and sensor module in a front view;</figref><figref num="6C">FIG. 13 shows the upper actuation assembly from a bottom view.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 5C shows details of the stationary rails in the telelens and sensor module of FIGS. 5A-5E.</figref><figref num="8">FIG. 5B shows the electronic assembly of the telelens and sensor module of FIGS. 5A-5E.</figref><figref num="9A">FIG. 2 shows a lens element having axial symmetry.</figref><figref num="9B">FIG. 2 shows a cut lens element having two cuts.</figref><figref num="10">4 is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for operating a zoom articulated camera as disclosed herein.</figref><figref num="11A">3A-3C are schematic diagrams of impact points of light rays impinging on a convex surface of a lens element and orthogonal projections of the impact points on a plane P, according to some examples of the subject matter of this disclosure.</figref><figref num="11B">3A-3C are schematic diagrams of an impact point of a light ray impinging on a concave surface of a lens element and an orthogonal projection of the impact point on plane P, in accordance with some examples of the subject matter of this disclosure.</figref><figref num="12">1 is a schematic diagram of an orthogonal projection of an impact point on a plane P and a clear height value (CH) according to some examples of the subject matter of this disclosure.</figref><figref num="13">1A-1C are schematic diagrams of orthogonal projections of an impact point on a plane P and a clear aperture, according to some examples of the subject matter of this disclosure.</figref><figref num="14">FIG. 1 is a block diagram that generally illustrates an embodiment of a system disclosed herein.</figref><figref num="15">1A-1D show schematic designs of dual and triple aperture cameras with folded and non-folded lens designs.</figref><figref num="16A">EFL from top oblique view_Tmin13A and 13B show schematic diagrams of a second embodiment of a telelens and sensor module having a lens with the optical design of the sixth example in a state in which the telelens and sensor module has ...</figref><figref num="16B">EFL from top oblique view_Tmax16B is a schematic diagram of the module of FIG. 16A in a state in which the module is in a</figref><figref num="16C">FIG. 16B is a schematic diagram showing details of a portion of the module of FIG. 16A.</figref><figref num="16D">FIG. 16C is a schematic diagram showing details of a portion of the module of FIG. 16B.</figref><figref num="16E">FIG. 16B is a schematic diagram of a portion of the module of FIG. 16A in a side view.</figref><figref num="16F">FIG. 16C is a schematic diagram of a portion of the module of FIG. 16B in a side view.</figref><figref num="16G">In the first superior oblique view, EFL_Tmin16B is a schematic diagram showing a detail of a portion of the module of FIG. 16A in a state shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="16H">In the second superior oblique view, EFL_Tmin16B is a schematic diagram showing a detail of a portion of the module of FIG. 16A in a state shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="17A">EFL from top oblique view_Tmin13A and 13B show schematic diagrams of a third embodiment of a telelens and sensor module having a lens with the optical design of the sixth example in a state in which the telelens and sensor module has ...</figref><figref num="17B">EFL_Tmax17B is a schematic diagram of the module of FIG. 17A in a state.</figref><figref num="17C">FIG. 17C is a schematic diagram showing details of a portion of the module of FIG. 17B.</figref><figref num="17D">FIG. 17C is a schematic diagram showing further details of a portion of the module of FIG. 17B.</figref><figref num="17E">FIG. 17C shows a magnet assembly within the module of FIGS. 17A and 17B.</figref><figref num="17F">EFL_TminState and the EFL_Tmax17B is a schematic diagram illustrating one method of operation of the VCM in the module of FIG. 17A between states.</figref><figref num="17G">In the first aspect, EFL_Tmin17C is a diagram showing an operating method for performing a zoom state switch of the VCM of FIG. 17F in the state.</figref><figref num="17H">In the second aspect, EFL_Tmax17C is a diagram showing an operating method for performing a zoom state switch of the VCM of FIG. 17F in the state.</figref><figref num="17I">In a side view opposite to that of FIG. 7G and FIG. 17H, the EFL_Tmin13A and 13B are diagrams showing an operating method for focusing in the state shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="17J">In a side view opposite to that of FIG. 7H and FIG. 17H, the EFL_Tmax13A and 13B are diagrams showing an operating method for focusing in the state shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="18A">An embodiment of a bonding subsystem for bonding lens group G2 to lens group G1 is shown in a perspective view.</figref><figref num="18B">18B illustrates an embodiment of the adhesive subsystem of FIG. 18A in another perspective view.</figref><figref num="18C">Lens group G2 to lens group G3 EFL_Tmax13 shows, in perspective view, another embodiment of an adhesion subsystem for gluing in a zoom state of FIG.</figref><figref num="18D">18D shows another perspective view of the adhesive subsystem embodiment of FIG. 18C.</figref><figref num="19A">EFL_Tmax1 shows a perspective view of the G2 stop removal mechanism in the state where G2 stop is activated.</figref><figref num="19B">19B shows the G2 stop removal mechanism of FIG. 19A in macro photography mode with the G2 stop deactivated.</figref><figref num="19C">EFL in the presence of activated G2 arrest_TminState or EFL_TmaxThis shows the G2 stop removal mechanism in the above state.</figref><figref num="19D">EFL in the presence of inactivated G2 arrest_TminState or EFL_Tmax19D shows the portion of the G2 stop removal mechanism of FIG. 19C in a state in which the stop is removed.</figref>

1A is a schematic perspective view of one embodiment of a dual camera, designated 100, comprising an upright wide camera 102, a folded telecamera 103 comprising an OPFE 104 (e.g., a prism) and a zoom folded telecamera lens and sensor module (or simply "module") 106. The wide camera has a fixed effective focal length EFL_WFor example, the wide lens 110 includes an EFL_Wmay be 2-5 mm. In the tele camera 103, the OPFE 104 is held in a prism holder 108. The module 106 includes a shield 107. The shield 107 may cover some or all elements of the module 106 or the camera 103. FIG. 1B shows the dual camera 100 with the shield 107 removed and described in more detail. The module 106 further includes a tele lens 114 having a tele lens optical axis 116, a tele image sensor 118, and optionally a glass window 130 (see, e.g., FIG. 2A). The glass window 130 may be used to filter light in infrared (IR) wavelengths, for mechanical protection of the sensor 118, and/or to protect the sensor 118 from dust. For simplicity, the word "tele" used in reference to the camera, lens, or image sensor may hereafter be dropped. In some embodiments, the lens and image sensor modules are separated such that the tele camera has its own image sensor module and other functions and parts described below (in particular the operation of the tele lens and sensor module 500 in Figs. 5A-E, actuator 1610 in Figs. 16A-H and actuator 1710 in Figs. 17A-J) remain only in the tele camera lens module. The entire following description also refers to such embodiments. In other embodiments, the systems described herein can include one or more additional cameras forming, for example, a 3x camera system. In addition to the wide camera and the tele camera, the 3x camera can be configured such that the EFL of the ultra wide camera is greater than the EFL._UW&lt;0.7×EFL_WIt may also include an ultra-wide camera.

Dual camera 100 further includes or is coupled to a controller (not shown) that controls various camera functions including the movement of the lens groups and lens elements described below.

The lens 114 includes three lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 housed in a first group (G1) lens housing (or "holder") 120, a second group (G2) lens housing 122, and a third group (G3) lens housing 124, respectively. Details of three different lens designs for the lens element groups G1, G2, and G3 are provided below with reference to Figures 2-4. In various embodiments described in detail below, at least one lens element group moves relative to another lens element group along the lens optical axis 116 to provide at least two telelens effective focal lengths EFL_T, i.e., the minimum EFL_Tminand maximum EFL_TmaxFor example, EFL_Tminmay be 10-20mm, EFL_TmaxThis allows the F-number (F#) of a small telephoto lens to be_T) while providing zoom capability between two large EFLs. In addition, the EFL_TminThe optical zoom is EFL_Wand EFL_TmaxFor example, as provided by the Dual Camera 100, more than twice the EFL_WIn addition, for EFL, the total telephoto lens track length (TTL_T) is the distance from the first surface of the first lens element to the object side (S₁, see below) to the image sensor surface along the optical axis, including all lens elements and glass windows._Tminis defined and TTL is set for the second zoom state._Tmaxis defined._Tminand TTL_Tmaxare depicted, for example, in Figures 2C, 2D, 3A, and 3B, but these definitions apply to all embodiments in this application.

FIG. 2A illustrates a zoom folded telecamera 103 such as camera 103 having an OPFE 104 (e.g., a prism), a lens 114 such as lens 114, and an image sensor 118 having a first exemplary optical design and ray tracing of the telelens 114, where the telelens is in a first zoom state, i.e., EFL=EFL_TminIn addition, a glass window 130 may be disposed between all the lens elements and the image sensor 118. FIG. 2B shows the second zoom state, i.e., EFL=EFL_TmaxFIG. 2C shows a detail of the lens 114' having a first optical design in a first zoom state, and FIG. 2D shows a detail of the lens 114' in a second zoom state.

Lens 114' has a first exemplary optical design represented by Tables 1-4 and includes eight lens elements, labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism ("object side") and ending with L8 on the image side toward the image sensor. Table 1 shows the optical data for each of the surfaces in the optical lens design. The optical data for the OPFE (prism or mirror) is based on the fact that many OPFE designs known in the art have a 3D 3D image of the object and S.₁and are omitted from Table 1. Non-limiting examples of such OPFEs include prisms made of glass or plastic, where the refractive index of the prism can be varied (e.g., between 1 and 3), OPFEs that limit stray light (e.g., as disclosed in commonly owned International Patent Application PCT/IB2018/054928), thin prisms (see, e.g., commonly owned U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62/657,003), scanning OPFEs (see, e.g., commonly owned International Patent Applications PCT/IB2018/050885 and PCT/IB2017/), OPFEs with OIS features (see, e.g., commonly owned U.S. Patent No. 9,927,600), and mirrors.

Table 2 provides zoom data, which is additional data for the distances between the surfaces in Table 1, and parameters that change for various zoom positions. Table 3 provides aspheric data, which is additional optical data for the surfaces in Table 1 that are not spherical. Table 4 provides focal lengths (in mm) of lens elements and lens element groups. Similar tables exist below for a second exemplary optical design (Tables 5-8), a third exemplary optical design (Tables 9-12), a fourth exemplary optical design (Tables 13-16), and a fifth exemplary optical design (Tables 17-20).

The lenses disclosed in the various exemplary embodiments below comprise several lens groups (G1, G2, G3, etc.) of lens elements, each group including a number of lens elements, denoted Li. Each lens element Li has a respective front surface S_2i-1and rear S_2iand L1-LN, where "i" is an integer from 1 to N. As used herein, the term "front surface" of each lens element refers to the surface of the lens element that is closer to the entrance of the camera (camera object side), and the term "rear surface" refers to the surface of the lens element that is closer to the image sensor (camera image side). The front and rear surfaces may be aspheric in some cases. The front and rear surfaces may be spherical in some cases. However, are not limited to these options. The lens elements L1-LN may be made from various materials, for example, plastic or glass. Some lens elements may be made from different materials than other lens elements. The notations "Gi", "Li", "S_i" is shown in some figures as an example (Figures 2C and 2D for the notation of "Gi", Figure 2B for the notation of "Li", and Figure 2C for the notation of "S_i" notation in FIG. 4A), but these notations apply to all embodiments in this application.

The "height" of a part, element, or group of parts or elements is defined herein as the distance in the first optical axis direction (Y direction in the exemplary coordinate system) between the lowest point of the part/element/group and the highest point of the part/element/group. The term "upper" or "top" refers to any part/element/group section that is closer to and facing the imaged object along the Y axis relative to other sections of the same part/element/group. The term "lower" or "bottom" refers to any part/element/group section that is furthest from and facing away from the imaged object along the Y axis relative to other sections of the same part/element/group.

In Table 1 (as well as Tables 5 and 9), R is the radius of curvature of a surface, and T is the distance along the optical axis from one surface to the next. Because the distance between some lens elements changes with zoom and focus, additional thickness data is provided in Tables 2, 6, and 10 for various zoom and focus positions. Note that TTL_TIf you set the object at infinity and use the additional data in Tables 2, 6, and 10, S₁is the sum of all T values from the surface to the image sensor. D is the optical diameter of the surface. D/2 stands for "semi-diameter" or half the diameter. R, T, and D are in millimeters (mm). Nd and Vd are the refractive index and Abbe number, respectively, of the lens element material that is between the surface and the next surface.

The surface types are defined in Tables 1, 5, and 9, and the surface coefficients are given in Tables 3, 7, and 11.

- "Planar" - has an infinite radius of curvature; - "Even-Aspherical (EVAS) Surface" is defined using Equation 1 and the details thereof shown in Tables 3, 7, and 11.

<math num="1"><img file="JP7570331B2_D0001.tif" /></math>where r is the distance from the relevant optical axis (first or second) to a point in the optical surface (and perpendicular thereto), k is the conic coefficient, c=1/R, and α is a coefficient given in Tables 3, 7, and 11. Note that for any aspheric surface, the maximum value of r ("max r") is the semi-diameter (D/2) of the respective surface.

The -QT1 surface is defined using Equation 2 and sub-equation below:

<math num="2"><img file="JP7570331B2_D0002.tif" /></math>where {z, r} are standard cylindrical polar coordinates, c is the paraxial curvature of the surface, k is the conic parameter, NR is the norm radius, and A_nare the polynomial coefficients given in the lens data table.

- "Stop surface" (Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18 and 22) refers to the embodiment disclosed herein where the position of the stop surface of the lens aperture may change when shifting from the first zoom state to the second zoom state. In this case, the stop determines the F# of the entire lens module. For example, in some embodiments, the amount of light reaching the image plane to form the image for the central field in the first zoom state is determined by an aperture stop near the first lens L1 on the object side, while the amount of light reaching the image plane to form the image for the central field in the second zoom state is determined by an aperture stop near another lens element (e.g., the nearby lens element L4). In other embodiments, the position of the stop surface of the lens aperture may not change when shifting from the first zoom state to the second zoom state.

The image sensor diameter D in the table below refers to the maximum diagonal size of the image sensor.

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0003.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0004.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0005.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0006.tif" /></tables>In the first embodiment ("embodiment 1"), the lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3 and L4, and a third group including lens elements L5-L8. Note that the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups listed in Table 4 have positive or negative values, which indicate the respective positive or negative refractive power of the associated lens element or lens group. Thus, in Table 4, L1, L3, L5, and L8 have positive refractive power, L2, L4, L6, and L7 have negative refractive power, and similarly, G1 and G2 have positive refractive power, and G3 has negative refractive power. This is also true for Tables 8 and 12.

In Example 1, the camera is put into two zoom states by moving groups G1 and G3 relative to the image sensor 118 while keeping group G2 stationary relative to the image sensor 118. G3 can then be further moved to focus in each of the zoom states. Table 2 specifies the exact distances and relative positioning. In Example 1, G1 and G3 are moved relative to G2 (and the image sensor) to put the camera into two zoom states, one for each of the EFL_T=EFL_Tmin=15mm, F#=F#_Tmin= 2.8, and TTL_T=TTL_TminIn the first zoom state shown in FIG. 2A and FIG. 2C, the EFL is 16.309 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=30mm, F#=F#_Tmax=4, and TTL_T=TTL_Tmin2B and 2D, where EFL = 27.581 mm. The movement range can be, for example, 5 to 10 mm. In the first state, G1 is at a distance d4 (S in Table 2 for an EFL of 15 mm) from G2.₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance is S in Table 2).₈and S.₉G3 is located at a distance d16 (S in Table 2 for an EFL of 15 mm) from the window 130.₁₆and S.₁₇In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (for an EFL of 30 mm, this is S in Table 2).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 2).₈and S.₉G3 is separated from the window 130 by a distance d16' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 2).₁₆and S.₁₇The distance between the lens and the focal length is 6.114mm to 5.740mm depending on the focal length.

FIG. 3A shows details of lens elements with an exemplary optical design of a second embodiment in a folded telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 3B shows details of lens elements with a second optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 5-8 and includes eight lens elements, labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism and ending with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 5 shows optical data, Table 6 shows zoom data, Table 7 shows aspheric data, and Table 8 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

In a second example ("Example 2"), in lens 114'', lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3-L5, and a third group G3 including lens elements L6-L8.

In the second embodiment, a given range R_1,3While moving the groups G1 and G3 together, move the group G2 with respect to the image sensor by R_1,3Range R smaller than₂In the second embodiment, the camera is moved to two zoom states by moving the camera with R_1,3= 7.509 mm, R₂= 1.574 mm. G2 further defines a range R for varying the focal length of the camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter._AFIt can be moved at any zoom level relative to the image sensor._AFcan be up to 550 micrometers (μm)._T=EFL_Tmin=15mm, F#=F#_Tmin=2, and TTL_T=TTL_TminFIG. 3B shows Example 2 in a first zoom state where the EFL is 17.373 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=30mm, F#=F#_Tmax=4, and TTL_T=TTL_Tmax4 shows Example 2 for the second zoom state, where .times. ...

In the second embodiment, the following conditions are met.

R_1,3and R₂is 0.6×(EFL_Tmax-EFL_Tmin), and of course 0.75 × (EFL_Tmax-EFL_Tmin) is less than. F#_Tminis 1.0×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxSmaller than 1.2×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxSmaller than 1.5×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxSmaller than 1.8×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxLess than.

In the first state, G1 is spaced from G2 by a distance d4 (for an EFL of 15 mm, S in Table 6).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance is S in Table 6).₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is located at a distance d16 from the window 130 (S in Table 6 for an EFL of 15 mm).₁₆and S.₁₇In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (for an EFL of 30 mm, this is the distance S in Table 6).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 6).₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is separated from the window 130 by a distance d16' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 6).₁₆and S.₁₇The distance between them is 7.738 mm.

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0007.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0008.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0009.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0010.tif" /></tables>FIG. 4A shows details of lens elements with an exemplary optical design of a third embodiment in a folded telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4B shows details of lens elements with a third optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114''', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 9-12 and includes eight lens elements, labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism and ending with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 9 shows optical data, Table 10 shows zoom data, Table 11 shows aspheric data, and Table 12 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

In lens 114''', lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3 and L4, and a third group G3 including lens elements L5-L8.

In a third exemplary use (Example 3), the camera is put into two zoom states by moving G1 and G3 in a given range relative to the image sensor while keeping G2 stationary. The range of movement can be, for example, 5-10 mm. G1 can be moved further for focusing. In Example 3, G1 and G3 are moved relative to G2 (and the image sensor) to put the camera into two zoom states,_T=EFL_Tmin=15mm, F#_Tmin= 2.74, and TTL_T=TTL_TminIn the first zoom state shown in FIG. 4A, the EFL is 16.78 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=30mm, F#=F#_Tmax=4, TTL_T=TTL_Tmax4B, where G1 is at a distance d4 (S in Table 10 for an EFL of 15 mm) from G2.₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance is S in Table 10).₈and S.₉G3 is separated from the window 130 by a distance d16 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance is S in Table 10).₁₆and S.₁₇In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4 (for an EFL of 30 mm, this is the distance S in Table 10).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d8 (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 10).₈and S.₉G3 is separated from the window 130 by a distance d16 (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 10).₁₆and S.₁₇The distance between the two points is 6.64 mm.

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0011.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0012.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0013.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0014.tif" /></tables>FIG. 4C shows details of lens elements having a fourth exemplary optical design in a folded telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4D shows details of lens elements having the fourth optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'''', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 13-16 and includes eight lens elements, labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism and ending with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 13 shows optical data, Table 14 shows zoom data, Table 15 shows aspheric data, and Table 16 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

In a fourth example ("Example 4"), in lens 114'''', lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3-L5, and a third group G3 including lens elements L6-L8.

In the fourth embodiment, while G2 is kept stationary with respect to the image sensor in the zoom process, a given range R_1,3By moving G1 and G3 together (as one unit) with R, the camera is put into two zoom states._1,3= 7.065 mm. Group G2 does not move when changing zoom states, but G2 has a range R for varying the focal length of camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter._AF, and can be moved at any zoom state relative to the image sensor, G1, and G3. Depending on the zoom state, R_AFcan be up to 730 μm. Figure 4C shows the EFL_T=EFL_Tmin=15mm, F#=F#_Tmin=2, and TTL_T=TTL_TminFIG. 4D shows Example 4 in a first zoom state where EFL = 17.865 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=30mm, F#=F#_Tmax=4, and TTL_T=TTL_Tmax4 shows Example 4 in a second zoom state where the focal length is 24.93 mm.

In the first state, G1 is spaced from G2 by a distance d4 (S in Table 14 for an EFL of 15 mm).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance S in Table 14)₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is separated from the window 130 by a distance d16 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance S in Table 14)₁₆and S.₁₇In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance S in Table 14).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 14)₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is located at a distance d16' from the window 130 (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 14).₁₆and S.₁₇The distance between the

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0015.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0016.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0017.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0018.tif" /></tables>FIG. 4E shows details of lens elements having a fifth exemplary optical design in a folded telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4F shows details of lens elements having the fifth exemplary optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'''', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The second optical design is represented by Tables 17-20 and includes eight lens elements labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism and ending with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 17 shows optical data, Table 18 shows zoom data, Table 19 shows aspheric data, and Table 20 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

In a fifth example ("Example 5"), in lens 114''''', lens elements L1 to L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1 and L2, a second group G2 including lens elements L3 to L5, and a third group G3 including lens elements L6 to L8.

In the fifth embodiment, while G2 is stationary with respect to the image sensor, the image sensor is moved within a given range R_1,3By moving lens group G1 and lens group G3 together (as one unit also called "G1G3 assembly") at R, the camera is put into two zoom states._1,3= 7.697 mm. The G1G3 assembly further includes a range R for varying the focal length of the camera 106 from infinity to 2 meters._AFThe image sensor and G2 can move together at any zoom state. Depending on the zoom state, R_AFThe EFL can be up to 1.8 mm._T=EFL_Tmin=15mm, F#=F#_Tmin=2, and TTL_T=TTL_TminFIG. 4F shows Example 5 in a first zoom state, where EFL = 18.1 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=30mm, F#=F#_Tmax=4, and TTL_T=TTL_Tmax4 shows Example 5 in a second zoom state where the focal length is 25.8 mm.

In the first state, G1 is spaced from G2 by a distance d4 (for an EFL of 15 mm, S in Table 18).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance S in Table 18)₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is located at a distance d16 (for an EFL of 15 mm, the distance S in Table 18) from the window 130.₁₆and S.₁₇In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d4' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance S in Table 18).₄and S.₅G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d10' (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance is S in Table 18).₁₀and S.₁₁G3 is located at a distance d16' from the window 130 (for an EFL of 30 mm, the distance S in Table 17).₁₆and S.₁₇The distance between the

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0019.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0020.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0021.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0022.tif" /></tables>FIG. 4G shows details of lens elements with an exemplary optical design of the sixth embodiment in a folded telecamera such as camera 103 in a first zoom state, and FIG. 4H shows details of lens elements with the sixth optical design in a second zoom state. The figures show lens 114'''''', image sensor 118, and optional window 130. The sixth optical design is represented by Tables 21-24 and includes eight lens elements, labeled L1-L8, starting with L1 on the object side facing the prism and ending with L8 on the image side towards the image sensor. Table 21 shows optical data, Table 22 shows zoom data, Table 23 shows aspheric data, and Table 24 shows the focal lengths of the lenses or lens groups in mm.

In lens 114'''''', lens elements L1-L8 are grouped into three groups: a first group G1 including lens elements L1, L2, and L3, a second group G2 including lens elements L4, L5, and L6, and a third group G3 including lens elements L7 and L8.

In the sixth embodiment, the range R₂While moving G2 with a given range R_1,3By moving G1 and G3 together (as one unit) with R, the camera goes through two zoom states.₂&lt;R_1,3In Example 6, R_1,3= 5.641 mm, R₂= 0.718. G1, G2, and G3 further define a range R for varying the focal length of the camera 106 from infinity to 1 meter or 2 meters._AF, and can be moved together with the image sensor at any zoom state. Depending on the zoom state, R_AFcan be up to 0.4 mm.

Figure 4G shows the EFL_T=EFL_Tmin=13mm, F#=F#_Tmin= 1.8, and TTL_T=TTL_TminFIG. 4H shows Example 6 in a first zoom state where EFL = 19.84 mm._T=EFL_Tmax=26mm, F#=F#_Tmax= 2.88, and TTL_T=TTL_Tmax4 shows Example 6 in a second zoom state where the zoom ratio is 0.05 to 0.55 mm.

In the first state, G1 is spaced from G2 by a distance d7 (for an EFL of 13 mm, S in Table 22).₇and S.₈G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d13 (for an EFL of 13 mm, the distance is S in Table 22).₁₃and S.₁₄G3 is located at a distance d17 from the window 130 (for an EFL of 13 mm, the distance is S in Table 22).₁₇and S.₁₈In the second state, G1 is separated from G2 by a distance d7' (for an EFL of 26 mm, the distance S in Table 22).₇and S.₈G2 is separated from G3 by a distance d13' (for an EFL of 26 mm, the distance between G2 and G3 is S in Table 22).₁₃and S.₁₄G3 is located at a distance d17' from the window 130 (for an EFL of 26 mm, the distance is S in Table 21).₁₇and S.₁₈The distance between the

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0023.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0024.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0025.tif" /></tables><tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0026.tif" /></tables>5A-5E show a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a telelens and sensor module (or simply "module"), designated 500. The description of the figures continues with reference to the coordinate system XYZ shown in FIGS. 5A-5E and several other figures. In one example, module 500 has the optical design of the second example. Module 500 includes a VCM-based actuation mechanism for switching between zoom and focus states of lenses 114', 114'', 114''', 114'''', 114'''' and 114''''''. FIG. 5A shows an EFL module as viewed from an angle on top._Tmin5B shows the EFL module 500 from a different angle on the top._TminFIG. 5C shows a schematic of the module 500 in an EFL state as viewed from above at an angle._Tmax5C shows a schematic diagram of the module 500 in the EFL state, and FIG. 5D shows a top view of the module 500 from another angle._Tmax5A and 5B show schematic diagrams of the module 500 in a G1G3 state. FIG. 5E shows an exploded view of the module 500. The module 500 includes a lens assembly 502 ("G1G3 assembly"), a G2 lens assembly 504 ("G2 assembly"), a sensor assembly 506, an electro-magnetic (EM) assembly 508, a base assembly 510, a first magnet 512, a first coil 514, a second magnet 516, a first set (illustratively four) of balls 520, and a second set (illustratively four) of balls 522. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 share a lens optical axis 116.

The first coil 514 is disposed next to the first magnet 512 and is rigidly coupled (without relative movement) to the base assembly 510. The first coil 514 may be soldered to a PCB such as PCB 822 (FIG. 8) or may be routed to an external circuit (not shown) that allows input and output currents to be sent to the first coil 514, which carry both power and electronic signals required for operation. The coil 514 illustratively has a rectangular shape and typically includes several tens of coil turns (i.e., non-limiting range is 50-250), with a typical resistance of 10-30 ohms. The first magnet 512 is a split magnet, separated into two sides by a central split line 512a, where on one side of the split line 512a the magnet 512 has a north magnetic pole facing in the positive X-direction, and on the other side of the split line 512a the magnet 512 has a south magnetic pole facing in the positive X-direction. Driving current through the first coil 514 generates a first Lorentz force on the first magnet 512. In one example, current through the first coil 514 in a clockwise direction induces a first Lorentz force in the positive Z direction on the first magnet 512, and current through the first coil 512 in a counterclockwise direction induces a Lorentz force in the negative Z direction on the first magnet 512. In one example, the first Lorentz force is used to move the lower actuating assembly 560 from a first zoom state to a second zoom state and vice versa in an open-loop control, i.e., to actuate the lower actuating assembly 560 between stops 720a, 720b and stops 722a, 722b (see below).

6A and 6B show the EFL_TminFIG. 6C shows two bottom perspective views of the working portion of the module 500, showing the upper and lower working assemblies 550 and 560 in a bottom view. FIG. 6C shows the upper working assembly 550 from an angle of the bottom. The upper working assembly 550 includes the G2 assembly 504, the second magnet 516, and a number of stepping magnets 626. The lower working assembly 560 includes the G1G3 assembly 502, the first magnet 512, the stepping magnet 628, and four yokes 602a, 602b (FIG. 6B) and 604a, 604b (FIG. 6A). FIG. 7 shows details of the base assembly 510, which includes guide rails 710a and 710b, and pull-stop magnets 702a, 702b, and pull-stop magnets 704a, 704b. 7, for illustrative purposes, the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b are separated from the stops 720a, 720b and the stops 722a, 722b. The arrows indicate the attachment positions of the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b and the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b at the stops 720a, 720b and the stops 722a, 722b. The yokes 602a, 602b are pulled against the pull stop magnets 702a, 702b, and the yokes 604a, 604b are pulled against the pull stop magnets 704a, 704b. Each of the guide rails 710a, 710b includes a respective groove 712a, 712b. The base assembly 510 further includes two mechanical stops 706 and 708, illustratively connected to the guide rail 710b. Mechanical stops 706 and 708 limit the stroke of the upper actuation assembly 550. FIG.

In one example, module 500 allows for relative movement of lens assemblies 502 and 504 in a direction along lens optical axis 116. Module 500 has exemplary length/width/height dimensions in the range of 3-40 mm. That is, module 500 has dimensions of 3x3x3 mm.³~40x40x40mm³In one example, the module 500 has a height (along the Y axis) limited by the maximum clear aperture of the lens elements L1-LN plus the plastic thickness of each lens assembly 502 and 504 (where the plastic thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.5-1.5 mm), plus the thickness of the shield 107 (where the shield thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.1-0.3 mm), plus the thickness of two gaps between each lens assembly 502 and 504 and the shield 107 (where each gap thickness is, for example, in the range of 0.05-0.15 mm). The clear apertures of the lens elements L1-LN may be circular clear apertures or cut lens clear apertures, as described below.

In the module 500, the three lens groups (G1, G2, and G3) are held in two lens subassemblies: a G1G3 assembly (502) and a G2 lens assembly (504). The lens assemblies 502 and 504 are typically made of plastic. In some embodiments, the lens assembly 502 and G1 and G3 may be manufactured as a single part (similarly, the lens assembly 504 and the lens group G2 may be manufactured as a single part). In some embodiments, they may be separate parts. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 may be manufactured, for example, by plastic molding, or alternatively by other methods. The first magnet 512 and the second magnet 516 are fixedly attached (e.g., glued) to the lens assemblies 502 and 504, respectively, from both sides across the lens optical axis 116 (in the X direction).

The lens assembly 502 includes several grooves that define a mechanical ball guide mechanism and allow it to be actuated on a linear rail for zooming needs. In this example, six grooves are described, but another number of grooves may be used; namely, two grooves 542a, 542b (FIG. 5E) on the top surface of the lens assembly 502 along the Z direction, and four grooves 624a-d (FIG. 6A) on the bottom surface of the lens assembly 502, also along the Z direction. The lens assembly 504 includes several grooves that mate with some of the grooves of the lens assembly 502. In the illustrated embodiment, the lens assembly 504 includes four grooves 642a-d, only three of which are visible in FIG. 6C. The grooves 642a-d are parallel to each other and are aligned along the Z axis (optical axis), and are used to guide the upper actuation assembly 550 along the Z direction.

The upper actuating assembly 550 is positioned above the lower actuating assembly 560 such that the grooves 642a, 642b (642c, 642d) are directly above and parallel to the grooves 542a (542b).

In the illustrated embodiment, four balls 520 are located at the top of grooves 542a, 542b (two balls at the top of each groove) and at the bottom of grooves 642a-642d (FIG. 6C) to separate lens assembly 502 and lens assembly 504 so that the two components do not contact each other. In other embodiments, module 500 can have more than four balls between lens assembly 502 and lens assembly 504, for example, up to seven balls per side, or up to 14 balls total. Balls 520 can be made of aluminum oxide or other ceramic material, metal, or plastic material. Typical ball diameters may be in the non-limiting range of 0.3-1 mm. Other ball sizes and positioning considerations may be similar to commonly owned International PCT Patent Application No. PCT/IB2017/052383, entitled "Rotational Ball Guided Voice Coil Motor."

Because the lens assemblies 502 and 504 are illustratively plastic molded, there is some tolerance in the part dimensions, typically no more than a few tens of microns for each dimension. This tolerance can lead to misalignment between adjacent (opposing) grooves 542a, 542b and grooves 642a-642d. To better align the grooves, some grooves (e.g., 542a, 542b and 642c, 642d) may be V-shaped, i.e., have a V-cross-sectional shape to ensure ball positioning, while grooves 642a, 642b may have a wider, trapezoidal cross-section. Groove 542b and grooves 642c, 642d are aligned during assembly, but the alignment of grooves 542a and grooves 642a, 642b has a small clearance because the latter groove has a trapezoidal cross-section. The trapezoidal groove cross-section is merely exemplary and other groove cross-sectional shapes (e.g., rectangular, flat, etc.) may be used, such that one pair of grooves are well aligned due to the groove shape, while another pair of grooves are aligned but with a gap.

The design presented herein allows for precise alignment of the three lens element groups. Lens element groups G1 and G3 are well aligned with each other because they are mechanically fixed to the same part and can maintain alignment during the product's life cycle. In some embodiments, lens assembly 504 is molded as one part and alignment of lens element groups G1-G3 is based on plastic molding tolerances. In some embodiments, lens assembly 504 is molded as several parts that are glued together at the factory using active or passive alignment procedures. Lens element group G2 is aligned to lens element groups G1 and G3 using a single groove pair (542b and 642c and/or 642d), i.e., lens assemblies 502 and 504 are aligned with each other without an intermediate part.

Four balls 522 are located at the top of grooves 712a, 712b (two balls at the top of each groove) and at the bottom of grooves 624a-624d, and the balls 522 separate the lens assembly 502 from the base assembly 510 so that the two parts do not contact each other. In other embodiments, the module 500 can have more than four balls, for example, up to seven balls per side, or up to 14 balls total. The size, material, and other considerations for the balls 522 are similar to those for the balls 520. Other considerations for the grooves 712a, 712b and 624a-624d are similar to those for the grooves 542a, 542b and 642a-642d, as described above.

The module 500 further includes several ferromagnetic yokes 716 (FIG. 7) fixedly attached (e.g., glued) to the base assembly 510, each yoke being disposed below (along the Y direction) three of the stepping magnets 626 and 628. In other embodiments, the ferromagnetic yokes 716 may be a fixed part of the shield 107. In still other embodiments, the shield 107 itself may be made of a ferromagnetic material, such that the yokes are part of the shield, or the bottom of the shield 107 may be made of a ferromagnetic material. Each ferromagnetic yoke 716 pulls some of the stepping magnets 626 or 628 with a negative Y-direction magnetic force, and thus all the yokes prevent both the upper and lower actuating assemblies 550 and 560 from disengaging from each other, as well as from the base 510 and the shield 107. The balls 520 prevent the upper actuating assembly 550 from contacting the lower actuating assembly 560, and the balls 522 prevent the lower actuating assembly 560 from contacting the base assembly 510. Thus, both the upper and lower actuating assemblies 550, 560 are confined along the Y-axis and do not move in the Y-direction. The groove and ball structure further confines the upper and lower actuating assemblies 550, 560 to move only along the lens optical axis 116 (Z-axis).

7 shows details of the base assembly 510 and fixed rails in the module 500. Along the Z direction, the upper actuating assembly 550 is constrained to move between mechanical stops 706 and 708 a distance equal to the required stroke of the lens element group G2 therebetween (approximately 1-3 mm). Also along the Z direction, the lower actuating assembly 560 is constrained to move between mechanical stops 720a, 720b and mechanical stops 722a, 722b and/or between pull-stop magnets 702a, 702b and 704a, 704b.

FIG. 8 shows details of the EM assembly 508 in the module 500. The EM assembly 508 includes a second coil 818, two Hall bar elements ("Hall sensors") 834a and 834b, and a PCB 822. The second coil 818 and the Hall bar elements 834a, 834b may be soldered (each individually) to the PCB 822. The second coil 818 illustratively has a rectangular shape and typically includes several tens of coil windings (e.g., non-limiting ranges of 50-250), with a typical resistance of 10-40 ohms. The PCB 822 allows input and output currents to be sent to the second coil 818 and the Hall bar elements 834a, 834b, which carry both power and electronic signals required for operation. The PCB 822 may be electronically connected to an external camera by wires (not shown). In one example (FIG. 5E), the EM assembly 508 is placed next to a second magnet 516. The second magnet 516 is a split magnet separated into two sides by a dividing line 516a down the middle, where on one side of the dividing line 516a the magnet 516 has a north magnetic pole facing in the positive X direction, and on the other side of the dividing line 516a the magnet 516 has a south magnetic pole facing in the positive X direction. When a current is driven through the second coil 818, a Lorentz force is generated on the second magnet 516. In one example, a current flowing through the second coil 818 in a clockwise direction induces a Lorentz force on the second magnet 516 in the positive Z direction, and a current flowing through the second coil 818 in a counterclockwise direction induces a Lorentz force on the second magnet 516 in the negative Z direction.

The Hall bar elements 834a, 834b are designed to measure the magnetic field in the X direction (intensity and sign) at the center of each Hall bar element. The Hall bar elements 834a, 834b can detect the strength and direction of the magnetic field of the second magnet 516. In one example, the positioning of the Hall bar element 834a on the PCB 822 is as follows:

1. In the X direction, both Hall bar elements 834a and 834b are separated from the magnet 516 by a distance (eg, 0.1-0.5 mm), and the distance is constant while the magnet 516 is moving due to the need for zoom or focus.

2. When the system is in the first zoom state (EFLT=15 mm), the Hall bar element 834a is close to the dividing line 516a along the Z direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first zoom state (macro-continuously from infinity to 1 meter), the Hall element 834b is R along the Z direction from the dividing line 516a._AFIt is far away.

3. The system is in the second zoom state (EFL_T= 30 mm), the Hall bar element 834b is closer to the dividing line 516a along the Z direction. For example, for all focus positions in the first state zoom (macrocontinuously from infinity to 1 meter), the Hall element 834b is closer to the dividing line 516a along the Z direction than the dividing line 516a._AFIt is far away.

In such a positioning scheme, when the system is in a first zoom state, the Hall bar elements 834a can measure the position of each of the second magnets 516 along the Z direction because in the first zoom state, the magnetic field in the X direction is R between the infinity focus position and the one meter focus position._AFIn addition, when the system is in the second zoom state, the Hall bar element 834b can measure the position of each of the second magnets 516 along the Z direction because in the second zoom state, the magnetic field in the X direction has a measurable gradient on the path of the Hall bar 834a along the R_AF8, the Hall bar 834b has a measurable gradient on its trajectory along the X axis, and the magnetic field in the X direction can be correlated to position. A control circuit (not shown) can be implemented in an integrated circuit (IC) to control the position of the second magnet 516 in a closed loop relative to the EM assembly 508 (and the base assembly 510 to which the EM assembly 508 is rigidly coupled) while operating in either zoom state, and in an open loop while moving between zoom states (see FIG. 10 and the following description). In some cases, the IC can be combined with one or both of the Hall elements 834a, 834b. In other cases, the IC can be a separate chip that can be located outside or inside the module 500 (not shown). In an exemplary embodiment, all electrical connections required by the module 500 are connected to the EM assembly 508, which is stationary relative to the base assembly 510 and the outside world. As such, no current needs to be transferred to any moving parts.

The magneto-electrical design of the module 500 allows the following operational method for operating the bent telecamera 103. FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating such an exemplary method. In step 1002, the telecamera 103 is positioned with the lens 114 in one (e.g., a first) zoom state. In step 1004, a decision is made (by a user or an algorithm) to refocus the telelens 114, and the G2 assembly 504 is moved by closed-loop control (by a controller, not shown) using input from the Hall bar element 834a to move the telecamera 103 to another focus position in the first zoom state. In step 1008, a decision is made (by a user or an algorithm) to change the zoom state of the lens 114 of the camera 103 to another (e.g., a second) zoom state, and in step 1010, the G1G3 assembly 502 is moved by open-loop control to the mechanical stop 720, followed by the G2 assembly 504 being moved by open-loop control to the mechanical stop 706 in step 1012. Thereafter, in step 1014, the G2 assembly 504 is moved by closed loop control using input from the Hall bar element 834b to move the tele-articulated camera 103 to a second zoom state and to another focus position in step 1016. In step 1018, a decision is made to refocus the lens 114. The lens 114 is refocused in the second zoom state by moving the G2 assembly by closed loop control using input from the Hall bar element 834b. In step 1020, a decision is made (by a user or an algorithm) to change the second zoom state of the lens 114 of the camera 103 to the first zoom state, in step 1022, the G1G3 assembly 502 is moved by open loop control to the mechanical stop 722, and then in step 1024, the G2 assembly 504 is moved by open loop control to the mechanical stop 708.

In some embodiments, any lens element L_iThe two faces of S_2i-1, S_2ihas two apertures containing two cuts (facets). In such a case, the lens element L_iare referred to as "cut lens elements." The cuts allow the lens assembly to be lowered and/or shortened. In one example, FIG. 9A shows a lens assembly with axial symmetry and height H₉₀₂9B shows a lens element 902 having two cuts 906 and 908 and a height H₉₀₄9 shows a cut lens element 904 having a diameter H. Lens elements 902 and 904 have the same diameter D.₉₀₄&lt;H₉₀₂In the example shown in FIG. 5, the first two lens elements (L₁and L₂) is the cut lens element.

As explained below, the surface S_kFor each (1k2N), a clear height value CH(S_k) can be defined, and the surface S_kFor each (1k2N), the clear aperture value CA(S_k) can be defined. CA(S_k) and CH(S_k) for each surface S of each lens element_kDefine the optical properties of

As shown in Figs. 11A, 11B, and 12, the surface S_kEach ray passing through (1k2N) hits an impact point IP.₁into the lens module (e.g., 114', 114'', 114''') and the surface S₂From surface S_2NSome rays pass through any surface S_k, but cannot/does not reach the image sensor 118._kFor , only light rays that can form an image on the image sensor 118 are considered to form multiple impact points IP._k) is the orthogonal projection IP of all the impact points IP on the plane P_orthis defined as the distance between two parallel lines that are as close as possible, such that CH(S) is located between the two parallel lines (see lines 1200 and 1201 in FIG. 12) (in FIGS. 11A and 11B, plane P is parallel to plane XY and perpendicular to optical axis 116)._k) is the surface S_k(front and rear surfaces, 1k2N).

CH(S_kThe definition of ) is independent of the object currently being imaged, since it refers to light rays that can "form" an image on the image sensor. Thus, even if the object currently being imaged is located against a black background that does not produce light, the above definition does not refer to this black background, since it refers to any light rays that can "reach" the image sensor to form an image (e.g., light rays emitted by a light-emitting background, as opposed to a black background).

For example, FIG. 11A shows two impact points IP on a plane P perpendicular to the optical axis 116.₁and IP₂Orthogonal projection IP_orth,1, IP_orth,2For example, in FIG. 11A, the surface S_kis convex.

Figure 11B shows two impact points IP on a plane P.₃and IP₄Orthogonal projection IP_orth,3, IP_orth,4For example, in FIG. 3B, the surface S_kis concave.

In Figure 12, surface S on plane P_kOrthogonal projection IP of all impact points IP of_orthis located between the parallel lines 1200 and 1202. Therefore, CH(S_k) is the distance between line 1200 and line 1202.

Attention is now directed to FIG. 13. In accordance with the subject matter of this disclosure, a clear aperture CA(S_k) is the diameter of a circle, and the surface S_k(1k2N), where the circle is perpendicular to the optical axis 116 and is a function of all orthogonal projections IP of all impact points on the plane P._orthis the smallest circle in plane P that encloses CH(S_kAs mentioned above for CA(S_kNote that the definition of ) does not depend on the object currently being imaged.

As shown in Figure 13, the circumscribed orthogonal projection IP of all the impact points IP on the plane P_orthis the circle 1300. The diameter of this circle 1300 is CA(S_k) is stipulated.

In conclusion, the zoom camera disclosed herein is designed to overcome specific optical challenges as follows.

-EFL_Tmax&gt;1.8×EFL_Tminor EFL_Tmax&gt;1.5×EFL_Tminlens design ensures that the user experiences a significant difference in optical zoom when switching between the multiple zoom states.

In some embodiments (e.g., Example 1), TTL_Tmax&lt;EFL_TmaxIn some embodiments (e.g., Examples 2 and 3), TTL_Tmax&lt;0.9×EFL_TmaxSuch a lens design allows to reduce the length of the camera (along the Z axis).

In some implementations (examples 1-3), the first lens element has a clear aperture (diameter of S1) larger than the clear apertures of all other lens elements. In some embodiments (module 500), the first lens has a first lens that is a cut lens element (see FIG. 9). Advantageously, such a lens design helps to achieve a small camera height.

-Changes in zoom state are caused by no more than two actual movements of the lens groups, i.e., to change the zoom state, some lens element groups move together within a first range of movement, some of the remaining lens element groups move together within a second range of movement, while all other lens element groups do not move. This simplifies the control and design of the actuator, since only two mechanical elements need to be moved and controlled.

-In some cases, F#_Tmin&lt;1.5×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxIn some cases, F#_Tmin&lt;1.2×F#_Tmax×EFL_Tmin/EFL_TmaxSuch a lens design can achieve a low F# right from the start.

In some examples, for any one lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state is greater than or equal to 0.75×(EFL_Tmax-EFL_TminIn some examples, for any one lens element group, the movement from the first zoom state to the second zoom state is less than 0.6×(EFL_Tmax-EFL_Tmin) Such a lens design may limit the movement of the lens elements and/or simplify actuation.

Focusing can be achieved by additional movement of one of the lens elements that move together for zoom state changes, allowing for simplified actuator design and improved control.

Regarding the properties of the lenses disclosed herein: - the lens design with three lens groups minimizes the lens complexity.

A lens design having lens groups with positive, positive, and negative power (from the object side) can result in smaller lens group movements for changing the zoom state.

In one example of a process for changing the zoom state (Example 1), the first lens element group G1 moves a first amount, the third lens element group G3 moves a second amount, but the second lens element group G2 does not move. The further movement of G3 can be used for focusing.

In another example of the process of changing the zoom state (Example 2), G1 moves together with G3 by a first amount and G2 moves by a second amount. The further movement of G2 can be used for focusing.

In yet another example (Example 3) of the process of changing the zoom state, G1 moves by a first amount, G3 moves by a second amount, and G2 does not move. The further movement of the first G1 can be used for focusing.

In yet another example (Example 4) of the process of changing the zoom state, G1 moves together with G3 and G2 does not move. The additional movement of the first G2 can be used for focusing.

- In yet another example of the process of changing the zoom state (Example 5), G1 moves together with G3 and G2 does not move. Further movement of G1 together with G3 can be used for focusing.

In yet another example of a process for changing the zoom state (Example 6), G1 moves together with G3 by a first amount and G2 moves by a second amount. The further movement of all three lens groups together (hence the movement of G1, G2, and G3 together) can be used for focusing.

Table 25 summarizes the movements for each example, with example movement ("stroke") ranges.

<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0027.tif" /></tables>The examples shown in Table 25 where multiple lens groups are shown as moving for focusing may refer to designs in which the lens groups defined in Table 25 move together as a unit for focusing. In some embodiments (e.g., Examples 5 and 6), moving several lens groups together may be facilitated by rigidly coupling each lens group.

The values shown for G1 Range, G2 Range, and G3 Range refer to the maximum range of overall movement of the lens groups relative to the image sensor.

The value shown in the "AF Max Range" row refers to the maximum range of movement of the lens group relative to the image sensor defined in the "Groups Moved for Focus" row required to focus between infinity and 1 meter or 2 meters according to the associated table of Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 (see above). In most embodiments, the AF Max Range is the maximum range of movement of the lens group relative to the image sensor ... defined in the "Groups Moved for Focus" row required to focus between infinity and 1 meter or 2 meters according to the associated table of Tables 2, 6, 10, 14, 18, and 22 (see above)._Tmax, given by the movement of the lens group to a state having

In some embodiments, G1 and G3 may be stationary, ie, they do not move, while G2 may be moved to change the zoom state.

FIG. 14 is numbered 1400 and illustrates an embodiment of an electronic device including a multi-aperture camera having at least one multi-zoom state camera as disclosed herein. The electronic device 1400 includes a first camera module 1410 including an OPFE 1412 and a first lens module 1414 forming a first image recorded by a first image sensor 1416. A first lens actuator 1418 can move the lens module 1414 for focusing and/or optical image stabilization (OIS) and/or to change between two different zoom states. In some embodiments, the electronic device 1400 can further include an application processor (AP) 1440. In some embodiments, the first calibration data can be stored in a first memory 1422 of the camera module, such as an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory). In other embodiments, the first calibration data can be stored in a third memory 1450, such as an NVM (Non-Volatile Memory) of the electronic device 1400. The first calibration data may include one or more subsets of the calibration data, for example, a first subset including calibration data between the wide camera and the tele camera sensors in a first zoom state, and/or a second subset including calibration data between the wide camera and the tele camera sensors in a second zoom state, and/or a third subset including calibration data between the tele camera sensor in the first zoom state and the same sensor in the second zoom state. The electronic device 1400 further comprises a second camera module 1430 including a second lens module 1432 that forms an image recorded by a second image sensor 1434. A second lens actuator 1436 may move the lens module 1432 for focusing and/or OIS and/or to change between two different zoom states. In some embodiments, the second calibration data may be stored in a second memory 1438 of the camera module. In other embodiments, the second calibration data may be stored in a third memory 1450 of the electronic device 1400. The second calibration data may include one or more subsets of the calibration data, for example as described above.

In use, a processing unit such as the AP 1440 may receive first and second image data from the camera module 1410 and the camera module 1430, respectively, and provide camera control signals to the camera modules 1410 and 1430. In some embodiments, the AP 1440 may receive calibration data from the third memory 1450. In other embodiments, the AP 1440 may receive calibration data stored in a first memory disposed on the camera module 1410 and a second memory disposed on the camera module 1430, respectively. In yet another embodiment, the AP 1440 may also receive calibration data stored in a first memory disposed on the camera module 1410 and a second memory disposed on the camera module 1430, respectively, from the third memory 1450 of the electronic device 1400. In some embodiments, an electronic device such as the device 1400 may include multiple camera modules implemented with a folded lens design and an OPFE. In other embodiments, two or more camera modules may be implemented without an OPFE and with another lens design rather than a folded lens design. The AP 1440 may access data stored in the third memory 1450. The data may include third calibration data. The image generator 1444 may be a processor configured to output an image based on the calibration data and the image data. The image generator 1444 may process the calibration data and the image data to output an output image.

The camera calibration data may include:

Stereo calibration data between camera modules 1410 and 1430, specifically for all possible combinations of different lenses and different lens zoom states, for example for two different zoom states of a telecamera. The stereo calibration data may include six degrees of freedom, for example pitch, yaw and roll angles, and eccentricity in the x-, y- and z-axes.

Stereo calibration data between camera module 1410 and camera module 1430, specifically for all possible combinations of different zoom states, for example two different zoom states of a telecamera. These data may include 6 degrees of freedom.

-Specific camera parameters such as focal length and distortion profile for each camera module and for different zoom states (two different zoom states for a telecamera).

-Hall sensor position values that may correspond to different focus positions in each of the different zoom states (e.g. infinity, 1m, and closest focus).

- Lens shading profiles of the lens module for each of the different zoom states.

FIG. 15A shows, in a schematic diagram and in a cross-sectional isometric view, an embodiment of a dual aperture zoom camera with autofocus, numbered 1500. The camera 1500 comprises two camera modules, labeled 1502 and 1504, each with its own optics. Thus, the camera module 1502 includes an optics block 1506 with an aperture 1508 and an optical lens module 1510, as well as a sensor 1512. Similarly, the camera module 1504 includes an optics block 1514 with an aperture 1516 and an optical lens module 1518, as well as a sensor 1520. Each optical lens module may include several lens elements, as well as infrared (IR) filters 1522a and 1522b. If necessary, some or all of the lens elements belonging to different apertures may be formed on the same substrate. The two camera modules are positioned adjacent to each other with a baseline 1524 between the centers of the two apertures 1508 and 1516. Each camera module may further include an auto-focus mechanism (AF) and/or a mechanism for optical image stabilization (OIS), 1526 and 1528, respectively, controlled by a controller (not shown).

FIG. 15B illustrates, in a cross-sectional isometric view relative to the XYZ coordinate system, an embodiment of a zoom and autofocus dual aperture camera 1530 with a folded tele lens. The camera 1530 comprises two camera modules: a wide camera module 1532 and a tele camera module 1534. The wide camera module 1532 includes a wide optics block with a respective aperture 1538, a lens module 1540 with a symmetry (and optical) axis 1542 in the Y direction, and a wide image sensor 1544. The tele camera module 1534 includes a tele optics block with a respective aperture 1548, an optical lens module 1550 with a tele lens symmetry (and optical) axis 1552a, and a tele image sensor 1554. The camera 1530 further comprises an OPFE 1556. The tele optical path extends from the object (not shown) through the tele lens to the tele sensor and is denoted by arrows 1552b and 1552a. The various camera elements are shown here mounted on a substrate 1562, e.g., a printed circuit board (PCB). The circuit board may be mounted on a PCB, or on a different substrate (not shown).

FIG. 15C illustrates an embodiment in a general isometric view of a zoom and autofocus triple aperture camera 1570 with one folded telecamera module 1534. The camera 1570 includes the elements and functions of the camera 1530, for example. That is, the camera 1570 includes a wide camera module 1532, a telecamera module 1534 with an OPFE 1556. The camera 1570 further includes a third camera module 1572, which may be an ultra-wide camera with an ultra-wide lens 1574 and an image sensor 1578. In another embodiment, the third camera module 1572 includes an EFL 1574 intermediate those of the wide camera module and the telecamera module._Mand FOV_MThe third camera module's axis of symmetry (and optical) 1576 is substantially parallel to the axis 1542 of the camera module 1532. It should be noted that although the first and third camera modules are shown in a particular arrangement (with the third camera module 1572 closer to the tele camera module 1534), this order may be changed such that the wide and ultra wide camera modules can swap locations.

16A-H show a schematic diagram of a second embodiment of a telelens and sensor module disclosed herein and designated as 1600. Module 1600 has the optical design of Example 6 of Table 25. Module 1600 includes an actuator 1610 for changing between the zoom states of lenses 114', 114'', 114''', 114'''', 114'''', 114'''''', 114'''''' (also referred to as "EFL switching"). FIG. 16A shows the minimum EFL (EFL) from a top perspective view._Tmin) and FIG. 16B shows the module 1600 from a top perspective at maximum EFL (EFL_Tmax16C is a schematic diagram of the module 1600 in the EFL state from a top perspective._Tmin16C shows a schematic of a portion of module 1600 in an EFL state, and FIG. 16D shows a schematic of a portion of module 1600 in an EFL state, from a top perspective._TmaxFIG. 16E shows a schematic of a portion of the module 1600 in an EFL state._TminFIG. 16F shows a schematic side view of a portion of module 1600 in an EFL state._Tmax16G and 16H show a schematic side view of a portion of the module 1600 in an EFL state from a top perspective._Tmin16 shows a schematic representation of a portion of a module 1600 in a state.

The module 1600 includes a G1G3 assembly 502, a G2 assembly 504, a sensor assembly 506, a module housing 1612, a lens frame 1618, four shape memory alloy (SMA) springs arranged in two pairs 1602a and 1602b, two mechanical (normal) springs 1604a,b, G2 lens stops 1614a, 1614b and 1616a, 1616b, and an AF actuation mechanism 1620. The G2 lens stops 1614a,b and 1616a,b may limit the displacement of the lens group G2 toward the object (image sensor 506) side of the module 1600. The actuator 1610 includes the SMA springs 1602 and the mechanical (normal) springs 1604. Exemplary values for the dimensions of the SMA spring 1602 include a spring diameter of 0.5 mm, a wire diameter of 0.05 mm, and a few tens of coil turns. The force that such a spring can produce is on the order of a few grams. Considering the module 1600 viewed from the top (e.g., the module 1600 in Figs. 16C and 16D), a pair of SMA springs (1602a) and one mechanical spring 1604a are located on the right hand side of the lens assembly, and a pair of SMA springs (1602b) and one mechanical spring 1604b are located on the left hand side of the lens. The springs 1602a (1604a) and 1602b (1604b) are located on either side of the module, symmetrically with respect to the optical axis 116. The springs 1602a (1604a) and 1602b (1604b) may have identical characteristics. The G1G3 assemblies 502 and G3 504 share the lens optical axis 116. The module 1600 may include a top cover, which is not shown here for visibility reasons.

The two lens groups of the G1G3 assembly are fixedly connected to each other via two pins or rods 1606 (FIG. 16B) so that the distance between them along the optical axis 116 is constant. The assembly with G1, G3 and rod 1606 is referred to herein as the "G13 assembly". The rod 1608 is parallel to the optical axis 116 and runs through the lens frame 1618. The rod 1608 guides the movement of the lens groups G1+G3 and G2, which move by sliding on the rod 1608. G2 can "float" on the rod 1608 between G2 stops 1614a and 1616a on one side of the module 1600 and between G2 stops 1614b and 1616b on the other side of the module 1600. The G13 assembly is movable relative to the module housing 1612 and the image sensor 506 to provide two effective focal lengths EFL_Tminand EFL_TmaxDisplacement of the G13 assembly along the optical axis 116 toward and away from the image sensor 506 is accomplished via an SMA spring and a mechanical spring. The two SMA springs in each spring pair 1602 may be parallel to each other and to the optical axis 116 and may be connected such that one end of them is fixed to G3 and the other end is fixed to the lens frame 1618. One end of the mechanical spring 1604 (also parallel to the optical axis 116) may be fixed to G1 and the other end may be fixed to the lens frame 1618.

Based on known SMA properties and effects, the displacement of the G13 assembly toward and away from the image sensor 506 can be induced as follows: when heated, the SMA springs 1602 contract and the stress therein increases significantly, resulting in a large compressive force. Conversely, when cooled, the stress therein decreases significantly, resulting in a small compressive force. Thus, when the SMA springs 1602 are heated, for example by driving a current through them, their compressive force can be controlled to overcome the opposing compressive force of the mechanical springs 1604, resulting in the displacement of the G13 assembly away from the image sensor 506. In contrast, when the SMA springs are relaxed to the ambient temperature (e.g., 60° C.), which is usually done by turning off the current supply, the compressive force of the mechanical springs 1604 overcomes the force of the SMA springs 1602, resulting in the displacement of the G13 assembly toward the image sensor 506.

16G and 16H show details of the AF actuation mechanism 1620. The mechanism 1620 is used to focus a camera such as the camera 103. The mechanism 1620 comprises two coils 1622a and 1622b, a magnet assembly 1624 fixedly coupled to the frame 1618, and a Hall sensor 1626 that may be soldered to a PCB (not shown in FIG. 16G and 16H). The coils have flat bottom and top surfaces that lie substantially in the YZ plane, and the coils are arranged relative to each other along the Z direction (parallel to the lens optical axis and the direction of movement of G1, G2, and G3). The coupling allows sending input and output currents to the coils 1622a and 1622b, which carry both power and electronic signals required for operation. Hall sensors 1626 may be fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 (the latter not shown in Figs. 16G and 16H) and are used to determine the position of the lens frame 1618 relative to the module housing 1612 and image sensor 506. The magnet assembly 1624 comprises two split magnets 1624a and 1624b, each having two polarizations that are orthogonal to each other and normal (anti-normal) to the magnet surface. Details of split magnets similar to those in the magnet assembly 1624 (and their function in the VCM) are described above for magnet 512 in Figs. 5A-E. The polarizations are indicated by hatching of the relevant areas of 1624a and 1624b, respectively. Focusing is achieved by driving currents through coils 1622a and 1622b.

17A-D show a schematic diagram of a third embodiment of a telelens and sensor module disclosed herein and designated as 1700. Similar to module 1600, module 1700 has the optical design of Example 6 of Table 25. FIG. 17A shows the EFL from a top perspective view._Tmin17A shows a schematic diagram of the module 1700 in the EFL state from a top perspective._TmaxFIG. 17C shows a schematic of the module 1700 in an EFL state from a top perspective._Tmax17A and 17B show a schematic representation of a portion of module 1700 in a non-removable state, and FIG. 17D shows a schematic representation of a portion of module 1700 in a non-removable state.

The module 1700 includes a VCM mechanism 1710 for changing between zoom and focus states of the lenses 114', 114'', 114'', 114'', 114'', 114'', 114'', ''''''. The module 1700 further includes a G1G3 assembly 502, a G2 assembly 504, a sensor assembly 506, a module housing 1612, and a lens frame 1706. The VCM mechanism 1710 includes two VCMs 1710a and 1710b on each side of the module, and two G2 lens stops 1702 and 1704. The lens stops 1702 and 1704 may limit the displacement of the G2 toward the object (image sensor 506) side of the module 1700. Considering the module 1700 from above (e.g., as shown in FIGS. 17C and 17D from two opposite sides), the VCMs 1710a and 1710b may have identical structures and characteristics. The lens assemblies 502 and 504 share the lens optical axis 116. The module 1700 may include a top cover, which is not shown here for visibility reasons.

The VCM mechanism 1710 includes two coil assemblies 1730a and 1730b and two magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b, which are components of VCMs 1710a and 1710b, respectively. The coil assemblies and magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b are located on opposite sides of the module, symmetrically about the optical axis 116. However, VCMs 1710a and 1710b differ from each other with respect to the number and location of Hall sensors, as described below. 17A-17D, coil assemblies 1730a and 1730b each include four coils 1730c, 1730d, 1730e, and 1730f (see also FIG. 17C), and magnet assemblies 1720a and 1720b each include two magnets 1720c, d, each having two polarizations (see also FIG. 17D). Magnet assembly 1720a is disposed on one side of the module (e.g., the side facing away from the viewer) and magnet assembly 1720b is disposed on the other side of the module (i.e., the side facing towards the viewer).

In Figures 17A and 17B, certain portions of the housing 1612 (i.e., the outer wall) that would otherwise cover the VCM mechanism 1710 are not shown for reasons of clarity and visibility. Figure 17C shows the module 1700 without the housing 1612 to highlight the VCM mechanism 1710. Figure 17D shows the module 1700 without the housing 1612 and without the coil assembly 1730 to highlight the magnet assembly 1720 of the VCM mechanism 1710. The coil assembly 1730 may be fixed (e.g., soldered) to a PCB (not shown in Figure 17C) that allows for input and output currents to be sent to the coils in the coil assembly 1730. The currents carry both power and electronic signals required for operation. The PCB may be fixedly coupled (e.g., glued) to the housing 1612, and the magnet assembly 1720 is fixedly coupled to the lens frame 1706.

17E shows a magnet assembly 1720. The magnet assembly 1720 may comprise a single magnet with four alternating polarizations, indicated by arrows in different directions, with the polarizations pointing normal (or anti-normal) to the surface of the magnet. Alternatively, for example to reduce manufacturing complexity, the single magnet with four polarizations may be replaced with a magnet subassembly 1720' that includes two magnets with two polarizations, as indicated by the arrows.

Figure 17F shows the EFL_TminState and the EFL_TmaxFIG. 17E shows a schematic of how VCMs 1710a and 1710b operate between states of A and B. Sub-regions of magnetism within the magnet shown in FIG. 17E are indicated by hatching. VCMs 1710a and 1710b operate by driving current through different coils in a known and predefined sequence. For example, to conduct the magnet along the z-axis (towards higher values of z), the following sequence may be performed (see FIG. 17F for coil numbering 1-4):<tables><img file="JP7570331B2_D0028.tif" /></tables>VCM1710a and 1710b represent large stroke VCMs. The magnitude of the stroke (see Table 25) is determined by the number of coils, but the size of the magnet does not change. Furthermore, there is no upper limit to the magnitude of the stroke. That is, unlike typical VCM configurations where the size of the magnet must be increased to increase the stroke, for a given magnet, a larger stroke can be achieved by simply adding more coils to the VCM. In theory, an infinite stroke can be achieved by adding an infinite number of coils.

In a VCM, the magnet is usually part of the dynamic mechanism while the coil is static. Typically, the magnet constitutes the major part of the mass of the mechanism. As a result, achieving fast settling times and keeping the magnet volume small are of major concern. The VCM configuration shown in Figures 17A-17J therefore presents a solution that maintains a small magnet mass while introducing a large stroke. For example, using this configuration, a stroke of ~7 mm can be achieved by using one ~11 mm long magnet. As a comparison, to achieve a stroke of 7 mm using one magnet and one coil (rather than four as in our description), the magnet must be ~17 mm long.

FIG. 17G and FIG. 17H show EFL_TminState and EFL_Tmax17 shows a side view of one method of actuation for effecting zoom state switching of the VCMs 1710a and 1710b in the EFL 1612. A Hall sensor 1708 (partially removed here to expose the actuator 1710) fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 is_TminState and the EFL_Tmaxdetermines the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 for controlled switching between the

17I and 17J are EFL_TminState and EFL_TmaxThe actuator modes of VCMs 1710a and 1710b are shown in side views opposite to those in Figures 17G and 17H in the EFL state. Hall sensors 1712 and 1714 are fixedly coupled to the module housing 1612 and determine the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 for focusing the camera 103._TminIn this state, the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 is determined by the Hall sensors 1714._TmaxIn this state, the position of the module frame 1706 relative to the module housing 1612 is determined by the Hall sensors 1712 .

To control the stroke for switching the zoom state, one Hall sensor on one side of the housing can be used (see Figs. 17G and 17H). To control the stroke for focusing, the EFL_TminWhen the EFL is in the ON state, the Hall sensor 1714 is used._TmaxWhen in this state, the Hall sensor 1712 may be used (FIGS. 17I and 17J).

18A and 18B show EFL_Tmin18 shows an embodiment of an adhesion subsystem 1810 for adhering (magnetically coupling) G2 to G1 in a zoom state in a perspective view. The adhesion subsystem 1810 may include four yokes 1814a, 1814b, 1814c, and 1814d and four magnets 1816a, 1816b, 1816c, and 1816d. Adhesion of G2 to G1 is achieved by the adhesion subsystem 1810 alone and without a specific actuator, e.g., without a VCM.

FIG. 18C and FIG. 18D show EFL_Tmax18 shows another embodiment of an adhesion subsystem 1820 for adhering G2 to G3 in a zoom state in a perspective view. The adhesion subsystem 1820 may include four yokes 1824a, 1824b, 1824c, and 1824d and four magnets 1826a, 1826b, 1826c, and 1826d. Adhesion of G2 to G3 is achieved by the adhesion subsystem 1820 alone and without a specific actuator, e.g., without a VCM.

Although the adhesion subsystems 1810 and 1820 are based on the attractive force between a magnet and a yoke, creating a dedicated VCM and sensor system for determining the position of G2 may be necessary to achieve autofocus redundancy.

19A-19D show a G2 stop removal mechanism 1900. The G2 removal mechanism may be included in module 1600 or in module 1700 to enable a macro photography mode (or "macro mode") as described above. The G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 includes a G2 stop 1906, a mechanical spring 1902b and an SMA spring 1904b, and a mechanical spring 1902a (not visible here) and an SMA spring 1904a (not visible here). The springs 1904a (1902a) and 1904b (1902b) are positioned symmetrically on either side of the module with respect to the optical axis 116.

FIG. 19A shows the EFL_Tmax1 shows the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 in a perspective view with the G2 stop 1906 activated. By "activated" we mean that a mechanical element or member 1908 (also called a "tongue" as described below) engages (by a spring configuration as described below) to prevent G2 from moving with G1 or G3. The G2 assembly 504 is magnetically coupled to the G1G3 assembly 502, while G2 is magnetically coupled to G3. This configuration may allow for Tele photography.

FIG. 19B shows the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 in a perspective view in a state in which the G2 stop 1906 is de-activated in the macro mode. By "de-activated" it is meant that the mechanical elements or members are disengaged and do not impede the movement of G2. Here, the G2 assembly 504 is magnetically coupled to the G1G3 assembly 502, but G2 is magnetically coupled to G1. This state can be used for macro photography. To de-activate the G2 stop, a current is driven through the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b so that the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b are heated and compress. The compressive force is greater than the contraction force of the mechanical springs 1902a and 1902b, so that the G2 stop 1906 moves away from the housing 1612 on the side of the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b (is removed).

FIG. 19C shows the EFL_Tminor EFL_Tmax19D shows a portion of the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 with the stop 1906 activated. FIG. 19C shows a portion of the G2 stop removal mechanism 1900 with the G2 stop 1906 deactivated. The tongue 1908 is part of the assembly 504 and stops the movement of the G2 assembly 504 when the G2 stop 1906 is activated._TminFrom the EFL_TmaxWhen the zoom state is switched to the , G2 is disconnected from G1 and connected to G3 towards the end of the zoom switching process, for example via a magnet based mechanism as described in Figures 18A-D. The tongue 1908 does not stop the movement of G2 when the G2 stop 1906 is activated and G2 remains connected to G1. When no further current is driven through the SMA springs 1904a and 1904b, the G2 stop 1906 is again activated.

In another embodiment, module 1600 or module 1700 or module 1900 may have the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25 and may be usable for macro photography in macro mode. To enter macro mode, lenses 114', 114'', 114''', 114'''', 114'''''', 114'''''' are EFL_TminWhen switching to macro mode, the lens must be in the EFL with G2 stop 1906 deactivated._TminThe lens must then be in a G2 stop 1906 deactivated EFL_TmaxDue to removal of the G2 lens stop, G2 remains adhered to G1, as shown in FIG. 19B.

For example, the optical design of Example 6 in Table 25 achieves a maximum macro mode magnification M of M = 0.44, where M refers to the ratio of the image size of an object on the image sensor plane to the actual object size. This is an approximation of a thin lens.<math num="3"><img file="JP7570331B2_D0029.tif" /></math>due to the fact that with EFL=13 mm and lens-image distance v=19 mm, the object-lens distance u=42 mm, and therefore the magnification M=19/43=0.44. This maximum magnification is achieved with the lens configuration shown in Figure 19B, where G1, G2 and G3 are moved together as far as possible towards the object (i.e., away from the sensor).

Successively smaller magnifications M can be chosen down to zero magnification (for an object at infinity). To achieve smaller magnifications, the lens groups must be in the macro mode configuration (defined with G1 glued to G2) and G1, G2 and G3 must be moved together towards the image sensor.

For example, a magnification M=0.23 may be a desirable magnification._maxTo switch from this state to M=0.23, the lenses must be configured in macro mode and G1, G2 and G3 must be moved together 3 mm toward the image sensor. According to the thin lens approximation above, when EFL=13 mm and lens-image distance v=16 mm, the object-lens distance u=69 mm, and therefore the magnification M=16/69=0.23.

M_maxFrom the state of zero magnification (i.e., M = 0),_minTo switch to this state, in the macro mode configuration, G1+G2+G3 must be moved together 6 mm towards the image sensor. Then, EFL=13 mm and lens-image distance v=13 mm, which translates to M=0.

While the present disclosure describes a limited number of embodiments, it will be understood that many variations, modifications, and other applications of such embodiments may be made. In general, the present disclosure should not be understood to be limited by the specific embodiments described herein, but only by the scope of the appended claims.

All references mentioned herein are incorporated by reference in their entirety as if each individual reference was specifically and individually indicated to be incorporated by reference herein. Further, citation or identification of any reference in this application shall not be construed as an admission that such reference is available as prior art to the application.