Ultra-wide band device for access control reader system

TECHNICAL FIELD Embodiments of the present disclosure generally relate to access control systems, and more particularly, to embodiments of ultra-wide band (UWB) devices for access control systems.

Physical access control covers various systems and methods for controlling access by people, for example, to protect areas or assets. Physical access control refers to authorized access controls used to secure the area or operation of a control mechanism, e.g., physical or electronic/software control mechanism, that allows access to assets in a protected state. identification of users and/or devices (e.g., vehicles, drones, etc.) and actuation of gates, doors, or other mechanisms. PACS holds authorization data (e.g., radio frequency identification (RFID) in personal electronic devices such as cards, fobs, or mobile phones). A readout that may be capable of determining whether a credential (such as an identification) chip or a credential device) is authorized for an actuator (e.g., door lock, door opener, software control mechanism, turn-off of an alarm, etc.) (e.g., an online or offline reader). In other examples, a PACS may include a host server to which readers and/or actuators (eg, via a controller) are connected in a centrally managed configuration. In a centrally managed configuration, the reader can obtain credentials from a credential or credential device and communicate the credentials to a PACS host server. The host server can then determine whether the credentials authorize access to the protected area, and command the actuator or other control mechanism accordingly. .

A more detailed understanding can be gained from the following description, presented by way of example in conjunction with the following drawings, in which the same reference symbols are used throughout the drawings in connection with the same elements.

<figref num="1">FIG. 2 illustrates an example situation in which a Physical Access Control System (PACS) including an example reader system may be used, according to at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="2">2 illustrates an example communication context in which the PACS of FIG. 1 may operate in accordance with at least one embodiment; FIG.</figref><figref num="3A">FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="3B">FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 2 illustrates an example architecture of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5A">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5B">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5C">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5D">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5E">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5F">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="5G">FIG. 2 collectively illustrates an example architecture of an ultra-wideband module of the reader system of FIG. 1 in accordance with at least one embodiment.</figref><figref num="6">1 is a block diagram illustrating an example machine in which one or more embodiments may be implemented. FIG.</figref>

Disclosed herein are embodiments of ultra-wideband (UWB) modules for access control systems. Although UWB modules are described herein in the context of a physical access control system (PACS), they can be utilized in any other type of access control system. UWB is a Radio Frequency (RF) technique that uses short, low-power pulses over a wide frequency spectrum. Pulses can occur at levels of millions of times per second. The width of the frequency spectrum of a given UWB implementation is generally greater than the lesser of 500 megahertz (MHz) and 20 percent of the arithmetic center frequency of the frequency spectrum of the given UWB implementation.

UWB can be used for communications by encoding data via time modulation (eg, pulse position encoding). Here, a symbol is defined by a pulse on a subset of time units from the set of available time units. Other examples of types of UWB encoding include amplitude modulation and polar modulation. Wideband transmission tends to be more stable against multipath fading than carrier-based transmission techniques. Furthermore, the relatively small power of the pulses at any given frequency also tends to reduce interference with carrier-based communication techniques.

FIG. 1 depicts an example situation 100 in which PACS according to at least one embodiment may be used. As shown in FIG. 1, wall 102 has a door 104 disposed therein. In one example situation, the protected area is located behind a door 104, the door 104 has a lockable handle 106, and the lockable handle 106 is in an unlocked state. In some cases, it grants access to protected areas, and alternatively, in a locked state, it prevents access to protected areas.

A reader system 108 is located near the handle 106 of the door 104. In one embodiment, handle 106 must be in a locked state as its default state. The reader system 108 is operable to selectively place the handle 106 in an unlocked state in response to presentation of authorized credentials contained within the credential device 112; Device 112 can communicate with reader system 108 via wireless interface 110. In various different embodiments, credential device 112 may include a key card, a fob, a mobile device (e.g., a smartphone), and/or any other suitable credential having communication capabilities and credentials to implement embodiments of the present disclosure. It can be or include a device.

It should be appreciated that the present disclosure is applicable to many types of PACS being used to protect many types of areas and/or other resources, assets, and/or the like. The situation 100 of FIG. 1 is presented purely for purposes of illustration and not limitation.

FIG. 2 illustrates an example communication context 200 in which the PACS of FIG. 1 (eg, including reader system 108) may operate, according to at least one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 2, reader system 108 may be communicatively coupled to network 202 via communication link 204. As shown in FIG. Additionally, server 208 may be communicatively coupled to network 202 via communication link 206. In this disclosure, communication links can include one or more wireless communication links and/or one or more wired communication links, and include access points, network access servers, switches, routers, bridges, and and/or the like. Furthermore, network 202 can be or include a data communication network, such as an Internet Protocol (IP) network and/or any other type of communication network or networks. sell.

Server 208 may perform one or more functions of reader system 108, such as authorization, authentication, and/or the like. In some embodiments, reader system 108 may be connected to one or more other devices, systems, servers, and/or the like, perhaps via a local area network (LAN), for example. Performing functions locally, such as standalone units that involve communicating with other things. Server 208 may include a communication interface, a processor, and data storage containing instructions executable by the processor to perform the functions of server 208.

FIG. 3A depicts an example architecture 300 for reader system 108 in accordance with at least one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3A, reader system 108 may include a reader 302 and a UWB module 304 communicatively coupled to each other via a communication link 306. Communication link 306 may be wired or wireless. In one example, communication link 306 is a BLE communication link. In some embodiments, reader 302 is responsive to presentation of authorized credentials contained within a credential device (e.g., credential device 112) to perform communication with a credential device and to perform communication with a credential device. to selectively place the handle 106 in an unlocked state. equipped and configured to use wireless communications;

The reader 302 can include a wireless communication interface to communicate according to NFC, BLE, and/or the like, such as a Universal Serial Bus (USB) connection, an Ethernet connection. , and/or the like. Reader 302 may also include a processor and data storage containing instructions executable by the processor to perform the functions of reader 302.

In some embodiments, reader 302 is installed and used before UWB is connected as an add-on module. In other embodiments, reader 302 and UWB module 304 are installed together as (or at least part of) reader system 108. The UWB module 304 may be connected to an existing hardware port (or expansion port, expansion slot, or the like) of the reader 302 via a communication link 306. In some embodiments, communication link 306 is or includes a data cable. Further details regarding the example architecture of UWB module 304 are provided below in connection with FIGS. 5A-5G.

In one example, a user carrying a credential device can access reader system 108. When the credential device comes within the threshold range of the reader system 108, e.g. Credentials can be exchanged using Energy (BLE). This credential exchange can be arranged using reader 302, for example. The reader 302 can then establish a secret, such as a scrambled time stamp (STS), with the credential device to enable ranging using UWB communications. UWB ranging can be performed using the UWB module 304, for example. This may operate upon receipt of data from reader 302. The data may include credential identifiers such as STS, PACS-ID, and the like. By using ranging, one or more of the reader 302 or UWB module 304 can be used to derive the user's intent to identify intent triggers. Once the intent trigger is identified, reader 302 can provide credentials to the user to allow access.

The UWB module may include a battery 308 or other types of local power sources including energy harvesters, capacitors, and the like. The battery 308 can be used to provide power for the UWB module 304 so that the UWB module 304 does not need to receive power from the reader system 108, door lock battery, or any other external power source. can. This may save power for the reader system 108 and may be easier to replace the battery in the removable UWB module than any other battery within the reader system 108. Therefore, it can be advantageous.

FIG. 3B illustrates another example architecture 350 for reader system 108, according to at least one embodiment. As shown in FIG. 3B, the reader system 108 includes a reader 352 that may include a UWB module 354 that itself includes a battery 356 (e.g., as an onboard module, component, or the like). It can be included. In one embodiment, UWB module 354 is implemented as an integrated circuit (IC) plugged into a substrate (eg, main motherboard) of reader 352.

As a general matter, reader 352 may be similar to reader 302 of FIG. 3A, and therefore will not be described in detail here. Similar to architecture 300 described above in connection with FIG. 3A, in the case of architecture 350 of FIG. 4, reader 352 is a pre-installed reader with UWB module 354 added on later. Alternatively, the reader 352 and UWB module 354 could be associated with a common co-installation as (or at least part of) the reader system 108.

FIG. 4 shows another example architecture 400 for reader system 108. Reader system 108 includes a reader 400 and a UWB module 402 configured to communicate over a communication link 404. The communication link may be wired or wireless. For example, reader 400 can be configured to communicate with UWB module 402 using BLE. The reader 400 includes a controller 406, antennas 408a to 408c, secure element 410, NFC-IC 412, RFID Includes IC 414, sensor 416, flash memory 418, keypad 420, and interfaces 422 and 424. Controller 406 may be a BLE-SoC microcontroller or any other type of control circuit. Controller 406 may be capable of NFC communication through NFC-IC 412 and antenna 408a. The controller may be capable of BLE communication using antenna 408b, and may also be capable of RFID communication through RFID-IC 414 and antenna 408c. Interfaces 422 and 424 may be Wiegand and RS485 interfaces or any other interface type. Secure element 410 may be configured to cache protected state data such as STS, PACS-ID, and the like. The components of reader 400 can be collected within the first housing.

UWB module 402 includes controller 426, antennas 428a and 428b, battery 430, secure element 432, and UWB front end 434. Controller 426 may also be a BLE-SoC microcontroller or any other type of control circuit. Battery 430 can be used to provide power for UWB module 402 so that the UWB module does not need to be powered by a reader power supply, lock power supply, or any other power source. Controller 426 may be capable of UWB communications through UWB front end 434, which is configured to package and receive UWB messages for transmission and reception through antennas 428a and 428b. It may be any circuit. Secure element 432 may be configured to cache protected state data such as STS, PACS-ID, and the like. Components of UWB module 402 may be described in further detail below in connection with FIGS. 5A-5G below. The components of UWB module 402 may be collected in a second housing separate from reader 400.

In one example, reader 400 may be approached by a user carrying a credential device. When a credential device comes within a threshold range of reader system 108, controller 406 can exchange credentials with the credential device using BLE through antenna 408b. The controller 406 can then establish a secret, such as a scrambled time stamp (STS), with the credential device to enable ranging using UWB communications. UWB ranging can be performed by controller 426 of UWB module 402, for example. This may operate upon receiving data from controller 406. The data may include credential identifiers such as STS, PACS-ID, and the like. Using ranging, one or more of controllers 406 and 426 can be used to derive a user's intent to identify an intent trigger (such as moving to a particular location). Once the intent trigger is identified, controller 406 can grant credentials to the user to allow access.

5A-5G are illustrations of UWB modules (e.g., UWB module 304 of FIG. 3A, UWB module 354 of FIG. 3B, UWB module 402 of FIG. 4, and/or the like) according to at least one embodiment. Collectively represents the UWB module architecture 500 for. In one embodiment, UWB module architecture 500 is implemented as one or more circuit boards on which one or more of the described components are present. In other embodiments, a distributed architecture can be used. Additionally, some specific components, connections, and the like may be presented in specific configurations within architecture 500 illustrated and described in connection with FIGS. 5A-5G. Please note. It should be understood that this is intended to be illustrative rather than limiting. In various embodiments, different components and/or different connections may be used in different configurations, and some components may also be omitted in some embodiments. Furthermore, some components could be combined. Additionally or alternatively, the functionality of one or more components could be distributed across multiple components or combined in different ways. A variety of different input voltages, crystal oscillators, connectors, integrated circuits, and/or the like may be used in different embodiments. Various components related to debugging may be omitted from some embodiments.

FIG. 5A illustrates a first portion 500A of an example UWB module architecture 500 in accordance with at least one embodiment. The first part 500A is the voltage V_inext,V_in,V_inreader, and V_USBA voltage configuration 501 is included. Also included is a voltage regulator configuration 502, which includes a first step-down regulator (from 4~17V to 3V3), a low noise regulator (from 3V3 to 1V8), and a second step-down regulator (from 4~ 17V to 1V8). The first step-down regulator is V_inand a first connection to a second step-down regulator, and a second connection to an input voltage 3V3. Low noise regulator input voltage 3V3 and 1V8_RFis connected between. The second step-down regulator is_inand 1V8. The first step-down regulator and the second step-down regulator are each LT(R) 8607 manufactured by Analog Devices, headquartered in Norwood, Massachusetts. sell. The low noise regulator may be an LT3045 from Analog Devices.

Also, V_inand 5V_WifiAlso included is a third step-down regulator (from 6~17V to 5V) connected between the The third step-down regulator can be disabled when USB powered due to insufficient power. The third step-down regulator can be an LT8607 from Analog Devices, and in at least one embodiment, the UWB module is Fired only if supplied.

As a general matter, the UWB module can be powered via an external supply voltage or UWB, as examples. In some instances where USB is used as a power source, the onboard 5V regulation (i.e., the third step-down regulator used for the external Wi-Fi module in some embodiments) It has been disabled because its consumption would potentially exceed the USB specification. Therefore, in at least some embodiments, the use of a Wi-Fi expansion module or any other 5V powered expansion board will justify the use of an external power supply.

The first portion 500A further includes a micro USB element 504 connected to the input voltage VUSB, connected to ground, and further connected to a data link 505. In one embodiment, the Wi-fi functionality is not powered by USB, which only powers the BLE and UWB circuitry.

FIG. 5B illustrates a second portion 500B of an example UWB module architecture 500 in accordance with at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the second portion 500B includes a BLE system-on-chip (SoC) 506, a RevE expansion debug pin header 517, a RevE expansion connector 519, a general debug pin header 520, and an ESP32-WROOM expansion connector 522. In one embodiment, RevE is a hardware revision of a reader, such as an iCLASS-SE reader manufactured by HID Global Corporation, headquartered in Austin, Texas. refers to

The ESP32-WROOM Expansion Connector 522 can provide connectivity options for ESP32 modules designed for Wi-Fi connectivity and, as an example, can be configured to operate at up to 500mA current requirements at 5V. I could do that. The ESP32-WROOM expansion module provides Wi-Fi capabilities to the RevE reader, allowing it to become a transparent reader over Wi-Fi, and the ESP32-WROOM module and RevE expansion An adapter board for a connector (eg, a Hirose connector) may be included. A programming adapter (eg, VCOM over FTDI to Hirose connector) may relatively enable firmware loading. A Wi-fi module could be plugged into this programming adapter.

The BLE-SoC506 is located in Trondheim, Norway. Nordic Semiconductor (registered trademark), headquartered in Norway) The NRF52840 manufactured by Semiconductor Semiconductor. In one embodiment, BLE-SoC 506 includes at least one onboard antenna. In at least one embodiment, BLE-SoC 506 is the core microcontroller for a UWB module having exemplary architecture 500. In some embodiments, both the reader and the UWB module (also referred to as the platform) use Nordic's NRF52840 as their respective core microcontrollers. In embodiments of the disclosed UWB module, the Nordic NRF52840 serves not only as the core controller of the UWB module, but also as the BLE interface used to set up the protected UWB ranging session. There is. An example pin/peripheral assignment for the NRF52840 used as a BLE-SoC506 in at least one alignment is shown in Table 1 at the end of this detailed description.

BLE-SoC506 is connected to both input voltage 3V3 and 32MHz crystal oscillator, not only data link 505 but also data link 507, data link 508, data link 509, data link 510, data link 511, data link 512, data link 513, data link 514, data link 515, and data link 516. Data link 507 is connected to an optional display and to RevE expansion debug pin header 517, which in turn is connected to RevE expansion controller 519 via data link 518. The UWB module can be powered via the RevE expansion connector 519 in embodiments where the UWB module is used as an add-on module to a reader. In some examples, the UWB module is powered via a dedicated power connector. Data link 508 is connected to general debug pin header 520, which in turn is connected to ESP32Wroom expansion connector 522 via data link 521. RevE expansion connector 519 supports input voltage V_inreaderESP32Wroom expansion connector 522 input voltage 5V while connected to both_Wifiand ground.

FIG. 5C illustrates a third portion 500C of an example UWB module architecture 500, according to at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the third portion 500C includes a mode selector 523, which may be or include a low profile DIP switch, and which may include a can be a double switch that makes it possible to identify and/or define different operating modes for several (e.g., four) UWB modules with the exemplary UWB module architecture 500; may include. Different operating modes may include, by way of example, RevE enhanced mode, standalone mode, Wi-fi mode, and debug mode. A mode selector 523 is connected to data link 509. Mode selector 523 allows a single firmware image to be developed for these and other multiple modes of operation. In one embodiment, mode selector 523 is set to Torrance, California. The CVS-02TB is manufactured by NIDEC Copal Electronics, Inc., located in California.

In the embodiment shown, the third portion 500C also includes a secure element 524, an embedded video engine 526, a backlight driver 530, and a display connector 528. The secure element 524 can be a PCB that is separate from the main board of the UWB module architecture 500, as illustrated by the board/printed circuit board (PCB) boundary 525, or , can exist above this. Data link 510 is connected to both secure element 524 and embedded video engine 526. Secure element 524 can be or include a Secure Access Module (SAM). In one embodiment, secure element 524 is an ST33-ARM-SC330 secure microcontroller manufactured by STMicroelectronics, headquartered in Geneva, Switzerland.

The embedded video engine 526 is based in Glasgow, Scotland, UK. The FT811 Embedded Video Engine (EVE) is manufactured by Future Technology Devices International Limited, headquartered in Scotland in the United Kingdom. Engine). In at least one embodiment, the presence of an embedded video engine 526 on the board supports unloading the main microcontroller (ie, BLE-SoC 506). Embedded video engine 526 may be wired to drive an external display in RGB mode and to control backlight driver 530. Embedded video engine 526 is connected to input voltage 3V3 and is also connected by data link 529 to backlight driver 530 and by data link 527 to display controller 528. Backlight driver 530 is connected to display controller 528 by data link 531. In the embodiment shown, backlight driver 530 is located in Phoenix, Arizona. The FAN5333 is a dedicated LED controller manufactured by Fairchild Semiconductor, an affiliate of ON Semiconductor, headquartered in Arizona. In one embodiment, backlight driver 530 is used to control display backlighting. The shutdown pin of backlight driver 530, in one embodiment, is controlled by embedded video engine 526 via Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) to enable dimming.

Display connector 528 is connected to input voltage 3V3 and further connected to BLE SoC 506 via data link 532. Display connector 528 may be compatible with Displaytech®'s DT024CTFT and DT024CTFT-TS displays, the latter of which support touch control. These are examples of external Thin-Film Transistor (TFT) displays that the disclosed UWB module architecture is designed to support, although other displays can be used instead. Display connector 528 may be a dedicated flat flex connector (FFC). In one embodiment, supported displays have a pixel resolution of 320x240 and are 2.4'' in size. Supported displays are manufactured by Taiwan's ILI Technology Corporation (ILI Technology). You can use the ILI9341 controller from ILI Corporation.

FIG. 5D illustrates a fourth portion 500D of an example UWB module architecture 500, according to at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the fourth portion 500D includes a group of Arduino-compatible expansion headers 535 and includes a JTAG (Joint Test Action Group) connector 533 connected to the data link 516; and a flash memory 534 connected thereto and also connected to an input voltage 3V3. In one embodiment, flash memory 534 is provided by Macronix International Co., Ltd., headquartered in Taiwan. Ltd.) may be an MX25L flash memory module. In one embodiment, the specific part used is MX25L1606EXCI-12G. Flash memory 534 may be used for storage of firmware images or other data. The capacity of the flash memory 534 may be, for example, 2MB. In one embodiment, a similar flash memory module is used within a reader to which the present UWB module is operably connected. The flash memory 534 and/or flash memory module within the reader uses queued serial peripherals to enable flash access while still maintaining the use of a common Secure Peripheral Interface (SPI) interface. It can be connected to a Queued Serial Pheripheral Interface (QSPI).

JTAG connector 533 can be a FTSH-105-01-F-DV-K manufactured by Samtec, Inc., headquartered in New Albany, Indiana. . The JTAG connector 533 can be configured to operate in Serial Wire (SW) mode, which is for JTAG ports where only two pins, TCLK and TMS, are used for communication. This is the operating mode. A third pin may optionally be used to trace data. JTAG pins and SW pins are shared. In one embodiment, in relation to the pins of JTAG connector 533, TCLK is SWCLK (serial wire clock), TMS is SWDIO (serial wire debug data input/output), and TDO is SWO (serial wire trace output). ) and TDI is NC. Multiple JTAG connectors may be used on the board of a UWB module having the example architecture 500 described herein.

FIG. 5E illustrates a fifth portion 500E of an example UWB module architecture 500 in accordance with at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the fifth portion 500E includes a first level shifter 536, a second level shifter 539, a UWB integrated circuit chip debug pin header 538, a Secure Element (SE) SPI pin header 543, an SE debug pin header 541, and Contains SE542.

The first level shifter 536 is located in Dallas, Texas. The converter may be an 8-bit bidirectional voltage level translator named TXB0108 manufactured by Texas Instruments Incorporated, headquartered in Texas. TXB0108 is used in at least one embodiment for general purpose I/O and SPI communications. In one embodiment, the core reset signal of TXB0108 is used to control the output enable of first level shifter 536. This allows both the SE542 and the UWB-IC551 in Figure 5F, described below, to be connected to external circuitry when the core reset line is pulled low; Can be implemented via SoC-EX06 or via pin header. A first level shifter 536 is connected to data link 514 and to data link 537, which in turn is connected to debug connector 538. In one embodiment, data link 537 includes a unified configuration interface (UCI) for unprotected ranging and UWB-IC configuration. Contains an SPI bus that uses (Configuration Interface) commands.

The second level shifter 539 may include both a PCA9306DCUR bidirectional voltage level translator as well as a TXB0108 8-bit bidirectional voltage level translator, also manufactured by Texas Instruments Incorporated. . PCA9306DCUR is a dedicated 2-bit bidirectional I₂It is a C level shifter. In one embodiment, PCA9306DCUR is an I₂Used for C interface. Second level shifter 539 is connected to data link 513 and also to data link 540, which in turn is connected to both NXP-SE debug connector 541 and NXP secure element (SE) 542. In one embodiment, NXP-SE debug connector 541 can be used for external device connections to update NXP applets (eg, Secure Element Management Service (SEMS) agents).

In one embodiment, a first level shifter 536 and a second level shifter 539 are used because the UWB-IC 551, discussed below in FIG. This is because it has only limited supply voltage support. Due to this, the interface to the UWB-IC551 in this disclosure experiences a voltage level shift. In one alternative, a host controller operating at 1.8V could be used, or the host processor's I/O voltage could be supplied by 1.8V. An advantage of the architecture shown is that it allows interfacing with external devices. Also, the cross-switching capability of the BLE-SoC506 (in embodiments using the nRF52840) provides flexible peripheral assignment on any of the external interfaces, thereby taking advantage of using a level shifter for that pin. has been relatively reduced.

SE542 is connected to SE-SPI pin header 543 via data link 544, and is itself connected to input voltage IV8 and to ground. In addition to being connected to SE-SPI pin header 543 via data link 544 and connected to both second level shifter 530 and NXP-SE debug connector 541 via data link 540, SE542 has an input It is also connected to voltage 3V3, input voltage 1V8, and data link 545. In one embodiment, the SE542 supports reliable ranging. SE542 may be a Java Card SE with an NFC front end. In at least one embodiment, the SE542 is a SN110U, which is an Eindhoven, Netherlands It is a single-chip secure element and NFC controller manufactured by NXP Semiconductors® NV, headquartered in Netherlands. In one embodiment, NFC is designed for integration within mobile devices that are compatible with NFC Forum, EMVCo, and ETSI/SWP.

FIG. 5F depicts a sixth portion 500F of an example UWB module architecture 500 in accordance with at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the sixth portion 500F includes not only the above-mentioned UWB-IC 551, but also a first matching circuit 553, a radar port 555, a first RF switch 558, and a first surface acoustic wave (SAW). Bandpass filter 560, second matching circuit 562, first antenna port 564, second RF switch 567, second SAW bandpass filter 569, third matching circuit 571, second antenna port 575, fourth matching circuit 546, third antenna Includes port 548 and BLE antenna 550.

In at least one embodiment, the UWB551 can be an SR100T, which is manufactured by NXP Semiconductors® NV, like the SN110U, which can be used as the SE542. It is a secure high-definition ranging chipset manufactured by. In one embodiment, the SR100T is a fully integrated single-chip impulse radio ultra-wideband (IR-UWB) low energy transceiver IC that is IEEE 802.15.4 HRP-UWB-PHY compliant. It is designed for reliable ranging applications in mobile environments. This is a 6.0GHz~8.5GHz super high frequency (SHF) for worldwide use. Frequency) Supports UWB band. It has a programmable transmitter output power of up to 12dBm as well as a fully coherent receiver for maximum range and accuracy. It integrates all relevant RF components (e.g. matching network, balun) and it is FCC and ETSI-UWB spectral mask compliant. This uses a supply voltage of 1.8V+/-7%.

The SR100T also supports Angle of Arrival (AoA) measurements and has integrated I/Q phase and amplitude mismatch compensation. Its form factor is a 3.8mm x 3.1mm 68-pin Wafer Level Chip Scale Package (WLCSP) package with a 0.35mm pitch. It features 128kB of code RAM, 129kB of data RAM, 64kB of ROM, and an ARM® Cortex-M33 32-bit processor with ARM® TrustZon technology and S-DMA for security. include. SR100T is a BSP32 CoolFlux with 200MHz clock, 32kB code RAM, and 2 x 16kB data RAM It further has a SubSystem. The SR100T also has a first receive data link 566, a second receive data link 556, and a transmit data link 552, operating frequencies of 250 MHz, 500 MHz, and 1000 MHz, 2 x 4 kB of RAM for the channel estimator, and RF data log. It has 4 x 32kB RAM for.

As shown in Figure 5F, UWB551 has an input voltage of 1V8_RF, input voltage 1V8, 1st crystal oscillator (37.768kHz), 2nd crystal oscillator (38.4MHz), data link 537, data link 545, data link 547, transmitting data link 552, 1st receiving data link 566, 2nd receiving It is connected to data link 556, data link 557, and data link 565.

The UWB-IC551 can be considered to be connected to two RF pipelines, a first RF pipeline and a second RF pipeline. The first RF pipeline includes a first RF switch 558, a first SAW bandpass filter 560, a second matching circuit 562, and a first antenna port 564. The second RF pipeline includes a second RF switch 567, a third SAW bandpass filter 569, a third matching circuit 571, and a second antenna port 574.

In the embodiment shown, the UWB-IC 551 is connected via a transmit data link 552 to a first matching circuit 553, which also connects the UWB-IC 551 with a first RF switch 558. The first matching circuit 553 is then connected to a radar port 555 via a data link 554, which corresponds to a radar interface that may be used in connection with various embodiments. UWB can be used in laser operations, thereby providing position measurement accuracy on scales of tens of centimeters. Due to the possibly variable absorption and reflection of different frequencies within the pulse, both the surface of the object and occluded (eg, covered) features can be detected. In some cases, position measurements provide angle of incidence in addition to distance.

As mentioned above, in the first RF pipeline, the UWB-IC 551 is connected to the first RF switch 558 via the transmit data line 552. The UWB-IC 551 is also connected to a first RF switch 558 via a second reception data link 556 and a data link 557. Input voltage 1V8_RFThe first RF switch 558 further connected to can be an XMSSJR6G0BA, which is manufactured by Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd., headquartered in Kyoto, Japan. The first RF switch 558 is then connected to a first SAW bandpass filter 560 via a data link 559, which in turn is connected to a second matching circuit 562 via a data link 561. A second matching circuit 562 is then connected via a data link 563 to a first antenna port 564, which in turn, in at least one embodiment, is connected to a first external UWB antenna.

In the second RF pipeline, the UWB-IC 551 is connected to a second RF switch 567 via a data link 565 and also via a first receive data link 566. In addition, UWB-IC551 has an input voltage of 1V8_RFand to ground. Also, the second RF switch may be XMSSJR6G0BA. The second RF switch 567 is then connected to a second SAW bandpass filter 569 via a data link 568, which in turn is connected to a third matching circuit 571 via a data link 570. The third matching circuit 571 is then connected via a data link 572 to a second antenna port 574, which in turn, in at least one embodiment, is connected to a second external UWB antenna.

Any suitable number of external UWB antennas may be used in various embodiments. In embodiments where a third external UWB antenna is deployed in the context of this disclosed exemplary architecture 500, a third RF pipeline is deployed to connect to the third external UWB antenna. Additionally, switches may be implemented to allow switching between antennas for different communication packets.

Also shown in FIG. 5F is a fourth matching circuit 546 connected between data link 512 and data link 547, which is further connected to a third antenna port 548. A third antenna port 548 provides an optional connection to an external BLE antenna. In the embodiment shown, third antenna port 548 is connected via data link 549 to BLE antenna 550, which may be a 2.4 GHz BLE antenna.

In at least one embodiment, for its RF interface, the UWB module of the present disclosure utilizes a U.FL connector manufactured by Hirose Electric Co., Ltd., headquartered in Tokyo, Japan. These RF interfaces include a radar port 555 that may be connected to a radar antenna, a first antenna port 564 that may be connected to a first external UWB antenna, a second antenna port 574 that may be connected to a second external UWB antenna, and (external) Includes a third antenna port 548 that can be connected to a BLE antenna 550. The U.FL connector is a miniature RF coaxial connector for radio frequency signals commonly used in applications where space is limited. These are often used in mobile phones as well as laptop mini PCI cards. It is also possible to use cables manufactured by Hirose Electric Co., Ltd. In some embodiments, Hirose X.FL connectors are used. In addition to other differences, X.FL connectors are rated for use at higher frequencies than U.FL connectors.

FIG. 5G illustrates a seventh portion of an example UWB module architecture 500 in accordance with at least one embodiment. In the embodiment shown, the seventh portion includes a Channel Impulse Response (CIR) debug connector 575, which is connected to the data link 547. In some embodiments, CIR debug connector 575 is used for SPI communication to access CIR data obtained by UWB-IC 551 (UWB Used in conjunction with the ) pin of IC551. This CIR data can be used for analog debugging of ranging applications (eg, analog performance debugging, null estimation, and/or the like). The CIR is used to find the actual first path, ie, the actual distance between two UWB devices (eg, UWB module 304 and credential device 112). Note further that the maximum detectable delta between the first path and the strongest path is referred to as the dynamic range. The actual first path therefore represents an important debugging parameter in the context of ranging applications.

FIG. 6 depicts a block diagram of an example machine 600 on which any one or more of the techniques (eg, methods) described herein may be implemented. The examples described herein may include or operate on logic or several components or mechanisms within machine 600. A circuit (eg, processing circuit) is a collection of circuits implemented within a tangible entity of machine 600, including hardware (eg, simple circuits, gates, logic, etc.). Circuit membership may be flexible over time. A circuit includes members that can perform defined operations when operated alone or in combination. In some examples, the hardware of a circuit can be designed (eg, hardwired) in a permanent manner to perform a particular operation. In some instances, the circuit hardware is a machine-readable device that is physically modified to encode instructions for specific operations (e.g., a magnetically and electrically movable arrangement of particles of constant mass, etc.). It can include physical components (eg, execution units, transistors, simple circuits, etc.) connected in a variable manner that includes a medium. In connecting physical components, the underlying electrical properties of the hardware components are changed from, for example, an insulator to a conductor, or vice versa. The instructions enable embedded hardware (e.g., an execution unit or loading mechanism) to generate members of a circuit within the hardware via variable connections to perform a particular portion of the operation during operation. ing. Thus, in some examples, the machine-readable media element is part of a circuit or is communicatively coupled to other components of the circuit during operation of the device. In some examples, any of the physical components may be used in multiple members of multiple circuits. For example, in operation, an execution unit may be used within a first circuit of a first circuit configuration at one time, and by a second circuit within the first circuit configuration at a different time. Alternatively, it can be reused by a third circuit within the second circuit. Further examples of these components in relation to machine 600 follow.

In some embodiments, machine 600 can operate as a standalone device or can be connected to other machines (eg, networked). In a networked deployment, machine 600 can operate in the capacity of a server machine, a client machine, or in both a server-client network environment. In some examples, machine 600 can function as a peer machine in a peer-to-peer (P2P) (or other distributed) network environment. The machine 600 is a personal computer (PC), a tablet PC, a set-top box (STB), and a personal digital assistant (PDA). assistant), mobile phone, web appliance, network router, switch or bridge, or any machine capable of executing instructions (sequential or otherwise) that specify the actions to be performed by that machine. good. Furthermore, although only a single machine is shown, the term "machine" may be used to implement methods described herein, such as cloud computing, Software as a Service, or other computer cluster configurations. It is also intended to include any collection of machines that individually or cooperatively execute one or more sets of instructions to execute any one or more.

The machine (e.g., computer system) 600 includes a hardware processor 602 (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), a graphics processing unit (GPU), a hardware processor core, or any of these). combination), main memory 604, static memory (e.g., firmware, microcode, basic input/output (BIOS), UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), etc.) 606, and mass storage 608 (e.g., hard drives, tape drives, flash storage, or other block devices), some or all of which may communicate with each other via an interlink (eg, bus) 630. The machine 600 includes a display unit 610, an alphanumeric input device 612 (e.g., a keyboard), and a user interface (UI). A navigation device 614 (eg, a mouse) may also be included. In some examples, display unit 610, input device 612, and UI navigation device 614 may be touch screen displays. The machine 600 includes storage devices (e.g., drive units) 608, signal generation devices 618 (e.g., speakers), network interface devices 620, and other sensors such as global positioning system (GPS) sensors, compasses, accelerometers, or other sensors. One or more sensors 616 may also be included. The machine 600 may be configured to use serial (e.g., Universal Serial Bus (USB), parallel, or other wired or wireless (eg, infrared (IR), near field communication (NFC), etc.) connections.

The registers, main memory 604, static memory 606, or mass storage 608 of the processor 602 may contain data structures or instructions 624 (e.g., , software) is stored thereon. Additionally, instructions 624 may reside wholly or at least partially within any of processor 602 registers, main memory 604, static memory 606, or mass storage 608 during its execution by machine 600. In some examples, one or any combination of hardware processor 602, main memory 604, static memory 606, or mass storage 608 may constitute machine-readable medium 622. Although machine-readable medium 622 is illustrated as a single medium, the term "machine-readable medium" can include a single medium or multiple media configured to store one or more instructions 624 (e.g., (centralized database and/or associated caches and servers).

The term "machine-readable medium" refers to a medium that is capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by machine 600 and that enables machine 600 to perform any one or more of the techniques of this disclosure. Any medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying data structures used by or associated with such instructions may be included. Non-limiting examples of machine-readable media may include semiconductor memory, optical media, magnetic media, and signals (eg, radio frequency signals, other photon-based signals, acoustic signals, etc.). In some examples, a non-transitory machine-readable medium has a machine-readable medium that has a plurality of particles that have a constant (eg, rest state) mass and is therefore a composition. Thus, a non-transitory machine-readable medium is a machine-readable medium that does not include a transitory propagating signal. A specific example of a non-transitory machine-readable medium is a semiconductor memory device (e.g., electrically programmable read-only memory (EPROM)). non-volatile memory, such as electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM, and flash memory); magnetic disks, such as internal hard disks and removable disks; - May include optical discs, and CD-ROM and DVD-RAM discs.

In some examples, information stored or otherwise provided on machine-readable medium 622 may represent instructions 624, such as instructions 624 itself, or a format from which instructions 624 may be derived. The format from which instructions 624 may be derived may be source code, encoded instructions (e.g., in compressed or encrypted form), packaged instructions (e.g., split into multiple packages), or May include similar items. Information representing instructions 624 in machine-readable medium 622 can be processed by processing circuitry into instructions for implementing any of the operations described herein. For example, deriving instructions 624 from information (e.g., processing by processing circuitry) may include compiling (e.g., from source code, object code, etc.), interpreting, loading, organizing (e.g., dynamic or static) linking), encoding, decoding, encrypting, decrypting, packaging, unpackaging, or other manipulation of information to instructions 624.

In some examples, deriving instructions 624 involves assembling, compiling, or interpreting (e.g., by processing circuitry) information to generate instructions 624 from some intermediate or processed format provided by machine-readable medium 622. may include. Information, when provided in multiple parts, can be combined, unpacked, and modified to generate instructions 624. For example, the information may reside in multiple compressed source code packages (or object code, binary executable code, etc.) on one or more remote servers. Source code packages can be encrypted while in transit over a network, and can be decrypted, decompressed, and assembled (e.g., linked) as desired. and can be compiled or interpreted (eg, as a library, stand-alone executable, etc.) and executed by the local machine.

Instructions 624 may include any of several transport protocols (e.g., frame relay, Internet protocol (IP), Transmission Control Protocol (TCP), User Datagram Protocol (UDP)). The transmission medium may be further transmitted or received over a communications network 626 using a transmission medium through a network interface device 620 that utilizes HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP), etc.). Exemplary communication networks include, among others, a local area network (LAN), a wide area network (WAN), a packet data network (e.g., the Internet), a mobile phone network (e.g. , cellular network), POTS (Plain Old Telephone) networks, and wireless data networks (e.g., the IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.11 family of standards, referred to as Wi-Fi®, the IEEE 802.16 family of standards, referred to as WiMax®). , the IEEE 802.15.4 family of standards, which may include peer-to-peer (P2P) networks. In some examples, network interface device 620 may include one or more physical jacks (e.g., Ethernet, coax, or telephone jacks) or one or more antennas to connect to communication network 626. . In some examples, the network interface device 620 is a single-input multiple-output (SIMO), multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO), or multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) (MISO(Multiple Input Single The antenna may include a plurality of antennas for wirelessly communicating using at least one of the following techniques. The term "transmission medium" shall be construed to include any intangible medium capable of storing, encoding, or carrying instructions for execution by machine 600 and including digital or analog communication signals or other non-tangible media to enable communication of Transmission media are machine-readable media.

The foregoing description includes reference to the accompanying drawings, which form a part of the detailed description. The drawings depict, by way of example, specific embodiments in which the invention may be practiced. These embodiments are also referred to herein as "examples." Such examples may include elements in addition to those shown and described. However, the inventors also envision instances in which only those elements shown or described are provided. Furthermore, we believe that any other example (or one or more aspects thereof) shown or described in connection with the particular example (or one or more aspects thereof) or illustrated or described herein. Examples (or one or more aspects thereof) using any combination or permutation of the elements illustrated or described in connection with the invention are also contemplated.

As used herein, the term "a" or "an" refers to any of "at least one" or "one or more," as is common in the patent literature. Used to include one or more, independent of any other example or usage. As used herein, the term "or" is used to mean non-exclusive, unless specifically stated otherwise, or "A or B" means "A rather than B". , "B instead of A", and "A and B". As used herein, "including" and "in this case" The term "which" is used as the plain English equivalent of the individual terms "comprising" and "wherein." Also, in the appended claims, the terms "comprising" and "comprising" are open-ended, i.e. systems, devices, Articles, compositions, formulations, or processes are still considered to be within the scope of the claims. Further, in the appended claims, terms such as "first," "second," and "third" are only used as labels and have no numerical meaning with respect to those objects. It is not intended to impose specific requirements.

The above description is to be construed as illustrative rather than limiting. For example, the examples (or embodiments of one or more thereof) described above can be used in combination with each other. For example, other embodiments may be used by those skilled in the art upon reviewing the above description. The Abstract is provided to enable the reader to quickly identify the nature of the technical disclosure. It is to be understood that this will not be used to interpret or limit the scope or meaning of the claims. Also, in the above detailed description, various features may be grouped together to streamline the disclosure. This shall not be interpreted as intending that any unclaimed disclosed feature is essential to any claim. Rather, inventive subject matter may lie in less than all features of a particular disclosed embodiment. Thus, the appended claims are hereby incorporated into the detailed description by way of example or embodiment, with each claim standing on its own as a separate embodiment, and such embodiments may be incorporated into the detailed description in various combinations. Alternatively, it is envisaged that they can be combined with each other in permutations. The scope of the invention should be determined with reference to the appended claims, along with the full scope of equivalents to which such claims are entitled.