Device for homogenizing and separating mixtures of particles

The present invention relates to a device for homogenizing and separating material mixtures consisting of particles with discharge of two or more materials.

Slag, fly ash, crushed material, crushing residues, domestic and commercial waste from shredders and dumps should be separated into its components as well as possible for recycling.

Only after these raw material mixtures have been separated into their constituents can they be reused.

For this purpose, several sieving and separating methods are known, which can be carried out by means of corresponding devices.

However, these separation methods are extremely labor intensive. The sieving method just has to carry out a large number of sievings. Baths are often provided to separate according to density.

All of these are labor intensive and thus expensive and prone to failure.

Moreover, separation of sticky material mixtures is very difficult or impossible at all. The cleaning effort for such devices is significant.

The object of the present invention is to be able to sort a material mixture of particles according to density and, if necessary, to comminute and/or homogenize the charged material mixture in a simple manner. It is to propose a device that can be operated reliably.

This task is solved according to the invention in that a rotating drum is provided which, on the one hand, grinds and homogenizes the material mixture and accelerates the particles in a defined direction.

Particles striking the drum are crushed by impact, homogenized, then accelerated in the direction of rotation of the drum in a predetermined direction depending on the point of contact and thrown out. If the particles are of approximately the same size, they each receive a corresponding kinetic energy, depending on their density, which determines the flight distance. Particles therefore reach the material discharge from the drum at different distances.

In this case, according to the invention, it has proven particularly favorable if the rotating drum is provided with percussion tools, which can be fixedly or movably connected to the drum.

Particles are particularly effectively accelerated and homogenized by impact tools. Depending on the material mixture to be processed and the speed of rotation of the drum, the impact tool can be mounted movably, preferably cantilevered or rigidly.

In this connection, it is also very favorable if the impact tool is designed to be exchangeable.

This makes it possible to use a wide variety of impact tools and to easily replace worn tools.

Furthermore, according to the invention it has been found to be very favorable if one or more drive motors are provided for the rotating drum, which drive motors can be directly or indirectly connected to the drum. there is

The drive motor is particularly well protected by the indirect drive. If a belt drive is used, the belt drive can also absorb shocks. Direct drives such as multiple drive motors in combination with the same or different drive concepts are also conceivable.

According to the invention, it has been found to be particularly favorable if the rotating drum is configured to be horizontally and/or vertically adjustable.

This allows the parabola of the abutting particles to be adjusted. In this case, the position of the drum determines the starting point of each parabola. In this case, the adjustment can not only take place via a corresponding fixing, but also via an adjusting gear or the like, for example. In this case, adjustment during operation of the device is also conceivable.

A very favorable configuration of the invention is obtained if a transport mechanism, preferably a conveyor belt or a vibratory feeder, is provided which feeds the drum with the material mixture to be separated.

This allows the material mixture to be applied to the drum in a targeted and precise manner. Different transport mechanisms can be provided depending on the material mixture.

If the conveying mechanism, preferably the conveyor belt, is configured with respect to its inclination and/or drum-side end to be adjustable at least horizontally and/or vertically relative to the drum, this too It has been found to be very suitable.

The position of contact, the amount and also the drop height can thereby be adjusted depending on the material mixture to be separated. It is also possible to separate very sticky material mixtures without the unseparated material mixture unintentionally adhering anywhere. The material mixture that hits the drum is thrown out due to the centrifugal force that occurs. It is conceivable in this case that all transport mechanisms can be designed to be adjustable and that adjustment can also be made during operation by means of a corresponding design. In particular, an adjustable configuration is also obtained for the transport mechanism, which accepts so-called lightweight discharges.

It is furthermore highly advantageous if two or more material receiving devices are provided, each of which can be made adjustable with respect to tilt, vertical position and/or horizontal position. .

Corresponding groups are assembled in such receiving devices. Adjustments can be made to optimally match the materials contained in the material mixture, allowing clean separation of the groups.

In this case, the material receiving device is designed as a transport mechanism, preferably as a conveyor belt or a vibrating feeder, provided that each of these transport mechanisms can be designed adjustable with respect to tilt, vertical position and/or horizontal position. has been found to be particularly suitable.

This ensures that groups can be accommodated and removed as well.

In this connection it is also very advantageous if at least two transport mechanisms, preferably conveyor belts or vibratory feeders, are provided, the transport directions of which can be oriented opposite to each other.

Such an arrangement has been found to be particularly effective.

Further according to the invention, one or more discharge devices are provided for the sorted particles, for which transport mechanisms can be provided, preferably conveyor belts or screw conveyors, storage boxes, etc. It is particularly advantageous if the transport mechanism can be made adjustable with respect to tilt, vertical and/or horizontal position respectively.

This makes it possible to ensure at least approximately continuous operation of the device. Again, by positioning the receiving device accordingly, an optimum fit for each group and the resulting purity can be ensured.

It is also very advantageous if, according to another embodiment of the invention, a further sorting device is connected downstream of the sorting device with the drum.

This allows the initially formed groups to be further sorted again.

In this connection it is very favorable if a high speed conveyor belt is provided which accelerates the particles to be sorted.

Such acceleration of the particles imparts a corresponding impact to each particle and thus sorts the particles.

A very favorable alternative configuration of the invention is obtained if one separating device is provided between the two sortings.

This further improves the separation between sorts.

According to the invention, it is also very advantageous if a material supply device is provided which can be controllably configured.

This supplies the device with material to be sorted.

A very advantageous further configuration of the invention results if a dedusting device is provided with an air supply and an air suction, which can be made controllable.

This makes it possible to aspirate very light particles that do not fit into one of the groups. Dust contamination is further reduced.

In this case, it is particularly advantageous if a filter device is provided which separates particles entrained during air suction.

This allows this additional group to also be sorted out and sorted.

The present invention will be specifically described below with respect to one embodiment.

<figref num="1">1 schematically shows a device according to the invention with a rotating drum and a conveyor belt; FIG.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 4 is a detailed view of the rotating drum;</figref>

In FIG. 1, reference numeral 1 designates a device for comminuting, homogenizing and separating material mixtures composed of particles. The device 1 has a supply area 2 and a discharge area 3 .

In the supply area 2, a conveyor belt 4 is arranged which is inclined upward in the conveying direction. This conveyor belt feeds the rotating drum 5 with the material mixture to be separated.

For this purpose, the conveyor belt 4 ends above the rotating drum, so that the material mixture hits the drum 5 as it falls at the end of the conveyor belt 4 .

Conveyor belt 4 can be configured adjustable with respect to its horizontal and/or vertical position and inclination, so that it can be optimized for different material mixtures.

The drum 5 is likewise adjustable with respect to its horizontal and/or vertical position. In this case, an adjusting gear or the like can be provided, by means of which the adjustment can also be made during continued operation of the device 1 .

Material mixtures consisting of particles, such as slag, fly ash, shredded material, shredder residues, domestic and commercial waste from shredders and dumps, must be separated by material. For this purpose, this material mixture is guided to the rotating drum 5 via the conveyor belt 4 mentioned above. During particle collision, the particles are further comminuted and thus homogenized. These comminuted and homogenized particles are accelerated by a rotating drum 5 in a given direction to the discharge area 3 .

In this case each particle receives a corresponding impact from the drum 5 .

The surface of the drum 5 is provided with impact tools 6 to ensure good impact transmission and also keep the scattering angle of the accelerated particles small.

In this case, the impact tool 6 can be formed, for example, as a cross rib. However, large, solid impact tools, rigidly connected to the drum 5 or movably supported, are also conceivable. In the case of a movably supported impact tool, the impact tool is raised by centrifugal force due to rotation of the drum.

The impact tool 6 is preferably designed to be replaceable, so that the impact tool 6 can be replaced when worn. However, the impact tool 6 may be replaced together with the drum 5.

The size and shape of the impact tool are determined according to the particles to be processed and are inter alia dependent on the mass and size of the particles.

When particles of approximately the same size but different mass hit the rotating drum 5, they are thrown different distances in the direction of the discharge area 3 and are thereby sorted out from each other.

For this reason, it is particularly important that the particles are comminuted and homogenized by impacting the rotating drum 5 or impact tool 6 . The greater the uniformity of particle size, the better the separation between groups.

Since the drum 5 in this case rotates forwards, the impinging particles are immediately accelerated in the direction of the discharge area 3 .

Such a configuration achieves scattering of particles with an extremely narrow opening angle of 10° to 15°.

In this case, the drum 5 can be indirectly driven, for example, by an electric motor 51 located outside the classifying chamber in the apparatus 1 and thus protected from contamination.

It may be a direct drive.

By omitting the guiding device, the material mixture to be sorted can be sticky, as is usual in many wastes. This avoids sticking and deposits on the guiding device.

Sticking to the drum 5 and the impact tool 6 is also avoided due to the centrifugal force.

The discharge area 3 is provided with two conveyor belts 7, 8 in this embodiment. These conveyor belts can be made adjustable with respect to their inclination and horizontal and/or vertical position.

It is envisioned that it could also be a containment vessel or another suitable device that could also be made adjustably.

The sorted groups arrive correspondingly on conveyor belts 7, 8, are discharged by these conveyor belts and are supplied to further processing or to receiving containers.

The first conveyor belt 7 conveys the particles downwards in this embodiment against the throwing direction of the drum 5 . On the other hand, the second conveyor belt 8 conveys the groups further in the throwing direction and transfers them to the high-speed conveyor belt 9 .

On this high speed conveyor belt 9 the particles of the group are accelerated and further sorted.

During this sorting, a receiving container 10 and another conveyor belt 11 are used as receiving devices. In this case too, the positional adjustability and, in the case of conveyor belts, the tilting adjustability can be considered.

Conveyor belt 11 receives particles of relatively low density in this embodiment. In this case, it is a so-called lightweight carry-out.

There may be more sorting stages.

By omitting the usual guides and baffle plates, sticky materials can also be screened. This is a major advantage over known devices.

Additionally, a dedusting device can also be provided, which can pick up very light particles. For this purpose, an air supply is arranged in the lower region of the discharge region 3 and an air suction is arranged in the upper region of the discharge region 3 .

Dedusters are used to ensure that the formed sort is not contaminated with lighter particles. The light particles are aspirated and can be sifted out, for example by a separator or filter, thus forming a further selection.

Conveying devices, relatively large silos, relatively large containers (not shown) can also be provided so as to ensure at least approximately continuous operation of the apparatus 1 .

Overall, the separation accuracy and thus the classification quality of the device 1 are very good.