Method and apparatus for charging multiple energy storage devices
20 claims: 10 independent, 10 dependent
- 1コントローラを備える電気自動車であって、 前記コントローラが、 第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータを備えるエネルギー貯蔵管理システム(ESMS)の前記第2の直流電気コンバータに接続されるように構成された高電圧貯蔵デバイス と、 前記第2の直流電気コンバータと前記第1の直流電気コンバータとに接続されるように構成された低電圧貯蔵デバイス と からセンサフィードバックを受け取り、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスのそれぞれの 前記センサフィードバックを、それぞれ前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの動作限界と比較し、 前記比較に基づいて、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへの総充電電流と、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへの前記総充電電流のパワースプリットファクタとを決定し、 前記決定に基づいて、 電気充電システムに接続する 前記第1 の 直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 及び、前記第2の直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 を制御し、前記第1の直流電気コンバータから前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへおよび前記第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータから前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスへの総電力を調節するように構成される、電気自動車。
- 2前記ESMSであって、 複数のエネルギーポートであって、ESMSが、前記第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータを備え、各直流電気コンバータが、直流電圧をステップアップおよび直流電圧をステップダウンするように構成され、 前記複数のエネルギーポートの第1のポートが、前記第2の直流電気コンバータのステップアップした電圧側に結合可能な高電圧ポートであり、 前記複数のエネルギーポートの第2のポートが、前記第1の直流電気コンバータのステップダウンした電圧側に結合可能な低電圧ポートであり、 前記複数のエネルギーポートの少なくとも1つが、 前記 電気充電システムに結合可能である前記複数のエネルギーポートと、 前記第1のポートに結合された前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスと、 前記第2のポートに結合された前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスと、 前記複数のエネルギーポートのうちの1つに結合された電気充電システムとを備えるエネルギー貯蔵管理システム(ESMS)を備える、請求項1記載の電気自動車。
- 3前記電気充電システムが、前記電気自動車に配置された補助動力装置であり、前記 電気 自動車が動いている間に、パワーエレクトロニクス変換システムに電力を出力するように構成される、請求項2記載の電気自動車。
- 4前記コントローラが、 前記複数のエネルギーポートの各々の電圧を決定し、 それぞれのエネルギーポートごとの前記決定した電圧に基づいて前記パワースプリットファクタを決定するように構成される、請求項2または3に記載の電気自動車。
- 5前記コントローラが、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスから前記センサフィードバックを継続的に受け取り、 前記継続的に受け取ったセンサフィードバックを、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの前記動作限界と比較して第1及び第2の比較結果を導き、 前記第1及び第2の比較結果に基づいて、前記決定した総充電電流および前記パワースプリットファクタを改定し、 前記改定した決定に基づいて、前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスへの電力を調節するように構成される、請求項1乃至4のいずれかに記載の電気自動車。
- 6前記コントローラが、前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへの電力を調節するときに、電力が、前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスのうちのたった1つに向けられるように、前記パワースプリットファクタを決定するように構成される、請求項2乃至4のいずれかに記載の電気自動車。
- 7それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの前記動作限界が、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの各々に対応する電流制限および最大温度の少なくとも1つで構成される、請求項1乃至6のいずれかに記載の電気自動車。
- 8前記コントローラが、前記センサフィードバックに基づいて、前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスのうちの1つにわたって空気を吹くように配置されるファンを調節するように構成される、請求項1乃至7のいずれかに記載の電気自動車。
- 9前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスに結合された電力デバイスを備え、前記電力デバイスが車両ドライブトレイン、無停電電源装置、採掘車ドライブトレイン、 および 採掘装置 の うちの1つを備える、請求項1乃至8のいずれかに記載の電気自動車。
- 10電気自動車用のエネルギー貯蔵システムを管理する方法であって、 前記電気自動車の高電圧貯蔵デバイスであって、第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータを備えるエネルギー貯蔵管理システム(ESMS)の前記第2の直流電気コンバータに接続されるように構成された高電圧貯蔵デバイスからセンサフィードバックを受け取るステップと、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスからの前記センサフィードバックを、前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスに特有の動作限界と比較するステップと、 前記電気自動車の低電圧貯蔵デバイスであって、前記第2の直流電気コンバータと前記第1の直流電気コンバータとに接続されるように構成された前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスからセンサフィードバックを受け取るステップと、 前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスからの前記センサフィードバックを、前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスに特有の動作限界と比較するステップと、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスからの前記比較に基づいて、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへの総充電電流、ならびに 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへの前記総充電電流のパワースプリットファクタを決定するステップと、 前記決定に基づいて 、電気充電システムに接続する 前記第1 の 直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 及び、前記第2の直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 を制御し、前記第1の直流電気コンバータから前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへおよび前記第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータから前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスへの 総 電力を調節するステップとを含む方法。
- 11エネルギー貯蔵デバイスパラメータ情報を取得するステップと、前記エネルギー貯蔵デバイスパラメータ情報に基づいて、前記総充電電流および前記パワースプリットファクタを決定するステップとを備え、前記エネルギー貯蔵 デバイス パラメータ情報が、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの各々に対応する充電状態および現在の動作電圧を含む、請求項10記載の方法。
- 12前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの前記動作限界が、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの各々に対応する電流制限および最大温度の少なくとも1つを含む、請求項10または11に記載の方法。
- 13前記電気自動車に配置された補助動力装置からの前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスへの総電力を調節するステップをさらに含む、請求項10乃至12のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 14前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスが、400V以上で動作電圧を有する電力電池であり、前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスが、120V以下で動作電圧を有するエネルギー電池およびウルトラキャパシタのうちの1つである、請求項10乃至13のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 15電気自動車(EV)のエネルギー貯蔵管理システム(ESMS)に結合されたコンピュータ可読記憶媒体であって、コンピュータによって実行されるときに、前記コンピュータに、 前記EVの高電圧貯蔵デバイスであって、第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータを備える前記ESMSの前記第2の直流電気コンバータに接続されるように構成された高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記EVの低電圧貯蔵デバイスであって、前記第2の直流電気コンバータと前記第1の直流電気コンバータとに接続されるように構成された前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスからのセンサフィードバックを受け取らせ、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスのそれぞれの 前記センサフィードバックを、前記 高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの それぞれ の 動作限界と比較させ、 前記比較に基づいて、 前記 高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧 貯蔵デバイスへの総充電電流、および 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスと前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの間の前記総充電電流のパワースプリットファクタを決定させ、 前記決定に基づいて 、電気充電システムに接続する 前記第1 の 直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 及び、前記第2の直流電気コンバータの出力電圧 を制御し、前記第1の直流電気コンバータから前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスへおよび前記第1及び第2の直流電気コンバータから前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスへの総電力を調節させる命令を含むコンピュータプログラムを記憶したコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
- 16コンピュータが、前記EVに配置され、前記ESMSのポートに結合された補助装置からの前記 高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧 貯蔵デバイスへの総電力を調節するようにさらになされる、請求項15記載のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
- 17前記コンピュータが、前記ESMSの複数のエネルギーポートの各々の電圧を決定し、それぞれのエネルギーポートごとの前記決定した電圧に基づいて前記パワースプリットファクタを決定するようにさらになされる、請求項15または16に記載のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
- 18前記コンピュータが、 前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスからの前記センサフィードバックを継続的に受け取り、 前記継続的に受け取ったセンサフィードバックを、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの前記動作限界と比較し、 前記決定した総充電電流および前記パワースプリットファクタを改定し、 前記改定に基づいて、前記 高電圧貯蔵デバイス及び前記低電圧 貯蔵デバイスへの総電力を調節するようにさらになされる、請求項15乃至17のいずれかに記載のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
- 19それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの前記動作限界が、それぞれの前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスの各々に対応する電流制限および最大温度の少なくとも1つで構成される、請求項15乃至18のいずれかに記載のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
- 20前記コンピュータが、前記センサフィードバックに基づいて、前記高電圧貯蔵デバイスおよび前記低電圧貯蔵デバイスのうちの1つにわたって空気を吹くように配置されるファンを調節するようにさらになされる、請求項15乃至19のいずれかに記載のコンピュータ可読記憶媒体。
Independent claims20
73 paragraphs, as filed
Embodiments of the present invention generally relate to electric drive systems including hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles, and more particularly to charging energy storage devices for electric vehicles using a multiport energy management system.
A hybrid electric vehicle can propel a vehicle by combining an internal combustion engine with an electric motor powered by an energy storage device such as a main battery. Such a combination can improve overall fuel efficiency by allowing the combustion engine and electric motor to operate within their respective ranges of increased efficiency. For example, an electric motor can be efficient when accelerating from a standing start, while an internal combustion engine (ICE) is efficient during a period of constant engine operation, such as during highway driving. Can be good. By having an electric motor to enhance the initial acceleration, it is possible to make the combustion engine of the hybrid vehicle smaller and improve fuel efficiency.
Pure electric vehicles can use stored electrical energy to power electric motors, thereby propelling the vehicle and also operating auxiliary drives. Pure electric vehicles can use one or more sources of stored electrical energy. For example, a first source of stored electrical energy can be used to provide longer lasting energy, such as a low voltage battery (commonly referred to as an "energy battery"), while stored electricity. A second source of energy can be used to provide higher power energy with a high voltage battery (commonly referred to as a "power battery"), for example for vehicle acceleration. Known energy storage devices can also include ultracapacitors, which tend to have rapid charge and discharge capabilities, resulting in long life operation.
A plug-in electric vehicle, whether hybrid or purely electric, is typically configured to use electrical energy from an external source to recharge an energy storage device. Such vehicles may include, for example, on-road and off-road vehicles, golf carts, neighborhood electric vehicles, forklifts, and light trucks. Known charging devices include a multi-port energy storage management system (ESMS) for charging both low-voltage energy storage systems and high-voltage energy storage systems for electric vehicles. Typically, ESMS includes buck-boost converters that can be used in association with each other to flexibly apply charging voltage to various devices with different charging voltage requirements. Typically, the ESMS also includes a high voltage side and a low voltage side. In one known ESMS device with four ports, two of those ports are on the high voltage side of the device and two of the ports are on the low voltage side of the device. Typically, the high voltage side is for charging from the power system or renewable energy source (one port on the high voltage side) and charging the power battery (another port on the high voltage side). used. Typically, the low voltage side is used to charge low voltage devices (low voltage side ports) such as electric vehicle energy batteries and ultracapacitors, and in some embodiments, of the low voltage ports. One of them may be compatible with low voltage charging sources as well.
By the way, an electric power battery is typically included to give a high power burst to accelerate a vehicle, and is typically an energy battery included to give a vehicle energy for long-distance cruising. In contrast, it is therefore desirable to operate as a high voltage device. Thus, due to the high power requirements of power batteries, high voltage energy storage devices such as power batteries typically operate under high voltage operation of 400V or higher, while low voltage energy storage such as energy batteries. The device typically provides high energy storage and operates at much lower nominal voltages, such as 120V or less. Ultracapacitors can be used in high or low voltage applications and are therefore included on the high or low side of the ESMS charging device, depending on the type of use (energy storage for high burst vs. cruising power). ).
For buck-boost converters in ESMS, multiple configurations of energy storage devices and power supplies can be utilized to charge the energy storage devices. That is, the known ESMS can be flexibly configured in that the charging voltage can be backed down first and then boosted up to the desired charging voltage on the high voltage side. And because of the back operation, followed by the boost operation, the higher charge can be above or below the externally supplied charging voltage. Similarly, the charging voltage can also be backed up to a lower voltage on the lower voltage side. In addition, due to the multiple buck-boost converters in the EMS, the charging voltage can be supplied simultaneously to charge both the high voltage device on the high side and one or more low voltage devices on the low side. .. That is, a single high voltage supply can be divided, for example, to deliver energy to the higher and lower devices, or to two lower devices all at once.
Known devices that divide power to charge multiple energy storage devices are typically optimized based simply on the state of the device being charged. That is, known charging or ESMS devices typically base power splits on factors such as the state of charge of the device (s) and / or the voltage per charging port. .. Such optimizations can often be sufficient to give the maximum total charge rate to the combination of charged devices, but such charging schemes are the lifespan of the charged devices themselves, theirs. It does not take into account additional factors such as overall close relationships such as temperature limits. That is, an energy storage device can physically receive a high rate of charge to minimize the charging time of all devices, but the long-term sacrifice of one or more of the devices is a reduction in lifespan. , It can be undesired to do so.
In other words, the life cycle is sacrificed, and in the end, the need to replace storage devices such as power batteries, energy batteries, and ultracapacitors is worth such as a slight reduction in charging time when charging is based solely on charging status. Can be nothing. In fact, known charging devices determine the power split and charge rate without taking into account the characteristics of the device itself (rather, it is determined simply based on the state of charge or voltage at the charging terminal). Not only does the device carry a long-term risk of life, but it also carries the risk of sudden failure if charged at a rate that exceeds what the device can handle.
<p><patcit num="1"><text>U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0049792</text></patcit></p>
Therefore, it is desired to provide a device and a control method for optimizing the total recharge time for a plurality of energy storage devices of an EV while considering the close relationship of the life of the charging method.
The present invention is a method and apparatus for optimizing the total recharge time for multiple energy storage devices of an EV, which is responsible for the close relationship of life of the energy storage device itself.
According to one aspect of the invention, the electric vehicle comprises a controller, which receives sensor feedback from the high voltage storage device and the low voltage storage device and receives the sensor feedback, respectively, the high voltage storage device and the low voltage storage device. Determine and determine the total charge current to the high and low voltage storage devices and the power split factor of the total charge current to the high and low voltage devices based on the comparison and comparison with the operating limits of Based on, it is configured to regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device.
According to another aspect of the invention, the method of managing an energy storage system for an electric vehicle comprises receiving sensor feedback from the high voltage energy storage device of the electric vehicle and sensor feedback from the high voltage energy storage device. The steps to compare the operating limits specific to high voltage energy storage devices, the steps to receive sensor feedback from low voltage energy storage devices in electric vehicles, and the sensor feedback from low voltage energy storage devices are specific to low voltage energy storage devices. Total charge current to high-voltage and low-voltage storage devices, and total charge to high-voltage and low-voltage devices, based on the steps to compare with the operating limits of It includes determining the power split factor of the current and adjusting the total power to the low and high voltage storage devices based on the determination.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium coupled to the energy storage management system (ESMS) of an electric vehicle (EV), which, when executed by the computer, gives the computer a high EV. Receive sensor feedback from voltage energy storage devices and EV low voltage energy storage devices, compare the sensor feedback to the operating limits of each energy storage device, and based on the comparison, the total charge current to the energy storage device, And a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer programs containing instructions that determine the power split factor of the total charge current between the high-voltage and low-voltage devices and adjust the total power to the energy storage device based on the determination. ..
Various other features and advantages will be apparent from the detailed description and drawings below.
The drawings show embodiments currently being considered for carrying out the present invention.
<figref num="1">It is a schematic block diagram of the electric vehicle (EV) which incorporates the embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="2">It is the schematic of the structure of the multi-port charger which can be configured by one Embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="3">It is an electric circuit diagram of the multi-port charger according to one Embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="4">It is a figure which shows the control method peculiar to the module M2 of FIG. 2 as an example.</figref><figref num="5">It is a figure which shows the flow of the charging current in the multi-port charger of an exemplary operation mode.</figref><figref num="6">It is a figure which shows the flow of the charging current in the multi-port charger of an exemplary operation mode.</figref><figref num="7">It is a table which shows the structure of the multi-port charger shown in FIG.</figref><figref num="8">It is a block diagram which shows the scenario of recharging by one Embodiment of this invention, and the use of a communication interface.</figref><figref num="9">It is a figure which shows the control variable and the parameter about the communication interface by one Embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="10">It is a schematic block diagram of the electric vehicle (EV) which has the auxiliary power unit (APU) which incorporates the embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="11">It is a schematic block diagram of the electric vehicle (EV) which has the auxiliary power unit (APU) which incorporates the embodiment of this invention.</figref>
FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) or electric vehicle (EV) 10 incorporating an embodiment of the invention, eg, an automobile, truck, bus or off-road vehicle. In another embodiment, vehicle 10 includes one of a vehicle drive train, an uninterruptible power supply, a mining vehicle drive train, a mining device, a marine system, and an aviation system. Vehicle 10 differs from an energy storage management system (ESMS) 100 controlled by a controller or computer 46, an internal combustion engine or heat engine 12, a transmission 14 coupled to the engine 12, a differential 16 and a transmission 14. It comprises a drive shaft assembly 18 coupled between the moving devices 16. And while the ESMS100 is shown in a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV), the ESMS100, according to embodiments of the present invention, is a HEV or EV, or any other power used to actuate a pulsed load. It is understood that it is applicable to any electric vehicle such as an electronics drive.
According to various embodiments, the engine 12 can be, for example, an internal combustion gasoline engine, an internal combustion diesel engine, an external combustion engine, or a gas turbine engine. The system 10 includes an engine controller 20 provided to control the operation of the engine 12. According to one embodiment, the engine controller 20 comprises one or more sensors 22 configured to sense the operating state of the engine 12. The sensor 22 may include, for example, an rpm sensor, a torque sensor, an oxygen sensor, and a temperature sensor. Therefore, the engine controller 20 is configured to transmit or receive data from the engine 12. The vehicle 10 also includes an engine speed sensor (not shown) that measures the crankshaft speed of the engine 12. According to one embodiment, the speed sensor can measure the engine crankshaft speed from a tachometer (not shown) in pulses per second, even if converted to a speed per minute (rpm) signal. Good.
The vehicle 10 also includes at least two wheels 24 coupled to each end of the differential device 16. In one embodiment, the vehicle 10 is configured as a rear-wheel drive vehicle, with the differential 16 located near the rear end of the vehicle 10 to drive at least one of the wheels 24. ing. As appropriate, the vehicle 10 may be configured as a front-wheel drive vehicle. In one embodiment, the transmission 14 is a manually operated transmission with a plurality of gears, the input torque received from the engine 12 is increased by the plurality of gear ratios, and the differential device 16 via the drive shaft assembly 18. It is supposed to be transmitted to. According to such an embodiment, the vehicle 10 comprises a clutch (not shown) configured to selectively connect and disconnect the engine 12 and the lance mission 14.
The vehicle 10 also comprises an electric motor coupled along a drive shaft assembly 18 between the transmission 14 and the differential device 16, i.e. an electromechanical device such as an electric motor / generator unit 26, with the engine 12 The generated torque is transmitted to the differential device 16 through the electric motor, that is, the electric motor / generator unit 26 via the transmission 14. A speed sensor (not shown) may be provided to monitor the operating speed of the electric motor 26. According to one embodiment, the electric motor 26 is directly coupled to the transmission 14 and the drive shaft assembly 18 comprises a single axle or drive shaft coupled to the differential device 16.
A hybrid drive control system or torque controller 28 is provided to control the operation of the electric motor 26 and is coupled to the motor / generator unit 26. The energy storage system 30 is coupled to the torque controller 28 and can be controlled by the ESMS 100. The energy storage system 30 includes, for example, a low voltage energy storage or energy battery 32, a high voltage energy storage or power battery 34, and an ultracapacitor 36. Low voltage energy storage 32, high voltage energy storage 34, and ultracapsule 36 are shown, but the energy storage system 30 is, by example, a sodium metal halide battery, a sodium nickel chloride battery, a sodium sulfur battery, nickel. Equipped with multiple energy storage units as understood in the industry, such as metal halide batteries, lithium ion batteries, lithium polymer batteries, nickel cadmium batteries, multiple ultracapitol cells, ultracapsular and battery combinations, or fuel cells. Please understand that it is okay. The accelerator pedal 38 and the brake pedal 40 are also provided in the vehicle 10. The accelerator pedal 38 is configured to send a throttle command signal or an accelerator pedal signal to the engine controller 20 and the torque controller 28.
According to embodiments of the present invention, system 10 comprises a charger interface 42 coupled to energy storage units 32-36 of the energy storage system 30 via ESMS100. As shown, the charger interface 42 can be coupled to a plurality of energy storage systems 32-36, and the charger interface 42 may be coupled to one or more power input lines 44, according to the invention. According to the embodiment of, two of the power input lines 44 are shown. The ESMS100 is configured to selectively engage and disengage a DC electrical device or backboost module as described below. In one embodiment, the charger interface 42 can be connected to the high voltage port of the ESMS 100, as shown. Typically, the charger interface 42 has an interface to one or more input lines 44 so that power from the input lines can be connected to the charging port of the ESMS 100.
Charger interface 42 is shown to be coupled to energy storage systems 32-36 via ESMS100, and charger interface 42 is shown to be coupled to one or more power input lines 44. However, it should be understood that the embodiments of the present invention are not limited thereto. It should be appreciated that instead, the charger interface 42 may be coupled to multiple arbitrary various energy storage systems and power inputs. Further, there may be a plurality of charger interfaces 42 or ESMS units 100 for each vehicle, or there may be a power system applied to each wheel 24 of the vehicle 10, and each power is a charger coupled therein. It has an interface 42.
During operation, energy may be supplied from the internal combustion engine or heat engine 12 to the drive shaft assembly 18 via the transmission 14, and energy is taken from the energy storage system 30, which can include energy systems 32-36. It is understood in the art that the drive shaft assembly 18 may be supplied via an energetic drive control system 28. Thus, as is understood in the art, energy can be withdrawn, for example, from a high voltage storage device 34, which can include batteries, or from an ultracapacitor 36, for boosting or accelerating the vehicle 10. .. During cruising (ie, generally non-accelerated operation), energy may be extracted to the vehicle 10 via a low voltage storage device such as the low voltage energy storage 32.
And during operation, energy is extracted from the internal combustion engine or heat engine 12 to supply energy to the energy storage 30 or power to the drive shaft assembly 18, as is understood in the art. be able to. In addition, some systems can regain energy by braking action and include a regenerative action that uses the energy to recharge the energy storage 30. In addition, some systems do not have to supply the regenerative energy regained by braking, and some systems do not have to supply to a heat engine such as an internal combustion engine or heat engine 12. However, despite the ability of some systems to recharge the energy storage 30, the energy storage 30 should be recharged on a regular basis from an external source such as a 115V household power source or a 230V three-phase power source. Needs. The need to recharge the energy storage 30 is particularly important in powering heat engines and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) that do not have a wide range of driving behavior.
Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention are flexible, configurable with multiple energy ports, to multiple power sources and multiple types of power sources to charge one or more energy storage types. It may be combined. Further, embodiments of the invention allow efficient and balanced charging of multiple energy systems 32-36 (with varying consumption levels) of the energy storage unit 30.
To meet the demands of the latest PHEVs and EVs, the infrastructure has to achieve 80% charge state (SOC) gain (assuming a 25kWh battery) with a charging time of 2-3 hours (home charging). Typically 7kW should be supplied. For more aggressive short-stop fast-charging scenarios (eg, "gas stations"), significantly higher power levels may be required to achieve the desired 80% SOC in 10 minutes. The vehicle interface needs to be designed according to existing standards. The pilot signal determines the maximum allowable power according to its duty cycle. In addition to a high degree of integration, the proposed system also features single-phase and / or three-phase AC inputs for equipment, high efficiency, low harmonics, near single input power factor, low cost, low weight, and safety interlocks. Bring. As is known in the industry, power factor correction (PFC) requirements can be driven by harmonic current rules of IEC / ISO / IEEE policy.
The present invention is applicable to conventional electric vehicles (EVs) as well as grid rechargeable hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs). Grid rechargeable HEVs give the option to drive the vehicle over miles (ie PHEV20, PHEV40, PHEV60). Traditionally, the goal of PHEVs is to provide high all-electric-range (AER) capabilities to reduce driving costs and enable optimization of driving strategies. When it comes to the backboost stage, charger front end and interface, there is generally no difference when designed for EV or PHEV applications. The role of the DC / DC converter is to efficiently transfer energy between two or more energy sources, reliable for continuous peak power demand. The integration of the charger unit is the next step towards designing a higher output density with fewer components and thus with higher reliability. Accordingly, embodiments of the present invention are applicable to a plurality of electric vehicles, commonly referred to as "EVs", including, for example, all-electric electric vehicles and hybrid electric vehicles. Such EVs may include, but are not limited to, road vehicles, golf carts, trains, etc., which may have an electrical system that includes electrical components for moving the vehicle.
In conventional practice, many separate units coexist, generally because they include interconnected separate chargers, battery management and control units. In an automotive environment with improved batteries, the connection between the charger and the battery is an important consideration. In such an environment, seamless integration with batteries from different battery manufacturers is also an important consideration. Energy management systems with integrated chargers have the advantage of requiring little integration effort and improving reliability with fewer components.
Then, referring to Figure 2, a configurable multi-port integrated charger configuration, Energy Storage Management System (ESMS) 100, four energy ports 102, and modules 1, 2 and 3 (104, 106, 108, respectively). ) Is generally shown with three DC electrical conversion devices or buck-boost converters. As is known in the art, buck-boost converters 104-108 have a back mode (shown with respect to buck-boost converter 104, but equally applicable to converters 106 and 108) by allowing electrical energy to flow in the first direction 110. (Available), or configured to operate in boost mode by passing electrical energy in the second direction 112 (also shown for buck-boost converter 104, but equally applicable to converters 106 and 108). Can be done. As shown, the energy port 102 is a first energy port P1 that can be configured to attach or electrically couple a first unit 116 to it. Equipped with 114. Similarly, the energy port 102 is a fourth energy port that can be configured to attach or electrically couple a second unit 124, a third unit 126, and a fourth unit 128 to them, respectively. It has P2 118, a second energy port P3 120, and a third energy port and P4 122.
According to the present invention, the charger is part of the vehicle design and is mounted on the vehicle. The integrated on-board charger can continuously adjust the input current to energy ports 114 and 118-120, for example, as a result of changing the SOC of the device connected to it for charging.
As shown, the ESMS100 in FIG. 2 can be configured to charge up to three energy sources simultaneously or simultaneously (including, for example, low voltage energy batteries, high voltage power batteries, and ultracapsules). The ESMS100 may have internal modules that are configured to be alternated in order to reduce the ripple current. The ESMS100 can also have multiple charging profiles as a function of conditions, including SOC and temperature, for example, for various battery technologies and storage device types. The ESMS100 includes a centralized energy flow control centrally controlled by the controller 46 in FIG. 1, and the ESMS100 can manage a wide range of input and output voltages.
The ESMS100 in FIGS. 1 and 2 can be configured in multiple configurations. Each configuration of ESMS100 may be selectable by contactor. The energy flow is controlled by an ESMS control algorithm implemented in the controller 46 of the hybrid vehicle 10 to sense both the energy storage device and the charging device connected to port 102 and the energy flow accordingly. Can be adjusted. For example, the control algorithm determines the voltage of each port that couples the energy storage device or electric charging system (eg DC or rectified AC), and accordingly (eg) the determined voltage, the measured frequency, The ESMS100 can be operated based on or both. And the benefit of including a rectifier is that even if a DC with the wrong polarity is connected, the rectifier provides protection and a single-phase rectifier is used, or the DC input is a three-phase input for a three-phase rectifier. The rectifier provides protection even when used for both.
The integrated charger with a wide input voltage allows two or more batteries of any SOC level to be charged independently and simultaneously from any input voltage level within the voltage limit of the ESMS component. Input voltages can range from typical single-phase voltages (110V / 120V) to 208V / 240V, and 400V or even higher (levels 1 ... 4). The highest currently specified voltage is 400V for rapid DC charging, but with proper selection of ESMS components, up to 480V single-phase or three-phase AC, or even 600V DC, is better. It is available to allow higher levels of charging ( ie, fast charging) in a short period of time . The energy battery is connected to a first energy port 114 or a fourth energy port 118 and typically has a lower nominal voltage than the power battery of the second energy port 120. A short-term energy storage device such as an ultracapacitor may be provided at the first energy port 114.
The ESMS100 of FIG. 2 shown in general may be configured by selectively using switches to assist in some charging configurations. FIG. 3 shows a detailed circuit diagram of a multiport ESMS according to an embodiment of the present invention. For brevity, control electronic components have been omitted. Therefore, ESMS200 (similar to ESMS100 in FIGS. 1 and 2) indicates a first backboost module 202, a second backboost module 204, and a third backboost module 206. The ESMS200 includes port P1 208 with a relatively low voltage battery, port P2 210 with a relatively high voltage unit, port P3 212 with a rectified AC or DC voltage, and a relatively low voltage ultra. Port P4 with coupled capacitor 214 is also shown. Therefore, in the illustrated example, the energy storage device and the energy charger are coupled to the ESMS 200 to show the operation in one configuration. However, as mentioned, the ESMS200 may be configured in multiple configurations to accommodate multiple charger / energy storage configurations. Therefore, in order to realize the configuration for charging according to the above embodiment, the ESMS 200 includes contactors K3 216, K1 218, K2 220, K4 222, and M 224 that can be selectively engaged or disengaged.
Each of the three backboost modules M1 202, M2 204, and M3 206 has IGBT legs (up and down switches) and inductors. The high voltage DC bus may be buffered by several power capacitors. The output section of each buck-boost converter stage includes a current sensor that measures the inductor current. The voltage limit shown on port P3 212 comes from the typical single-phase AC output voltage in both the United States and Europe. However, for applications that require higher levels of charging power, port P3 can be coupled to a 208V, 240V or 480V three-phase via charger interface 42 (Figure 1), or DC 400V, or It can be coupled to any of DC up to 600V.
The ESMS200 uses a contactor as the main bus and individual module switches. A precharging circuit is implemented using two power resistors (eg 120 ohms, 100W, RH-50) and a contactor or FET. An additional contactor (K4 222 in Figure 3) works in two cases. One is under the SOC condition with batteries on port P1 208, and the second is when module 1 202 and module 3 206 can be alternated. FIG. 3 shows the voltage and current sensing points of the ESMS 200 with an integrated charger.
Charging may use only one battery or dual batteries. Charging in a dual battery configuration as illustrated herein allows charging from a wide input voltage range of the batteries using any SOC level of both batteries. The internal configuration of the multi-port integrated charger only makes this possible, using the features of its software. When powered on, ESMS200 control restores the types of energy storage units used, their energy ratings, and charging current and power limits. From the communication interface to the electric vehicle charging station (EVSE), the ESMS sets the input current limit and ultimately the type of power supply (alternating current or direct current).
Each backboost module runs an independent machine. Each state can be disabled / standby, back mode enabled, boost mode enabled, or a permanently conductive top switch (specific to Module 2 204 shown in Figure 4 as Sequence 250). At step 252, the module state is selected and at step 254, a power-on self-test is performed. At step 256, the input voltage range is determined and V<sub>min</sub>And V<sub>max</sub>If is on the higher side 258, switch K1 218 is closed, module M2 204 becomes available 260, and module M2 204 is operated in back mode. V<sub>min</sub>And V<sub>max</sub>If is on the lower side 262, switch K1 218 opens, the upper switch on module M2 turns on, and module M2 204 turns on permanently 264. At step 266, module M1 202 receives the request, and at step 268, the state of module M2 204 (ie, back mode in step 202, or permanently on in step 264) is returned for further operation. Part of this sequence is also to get the contactor in the correct state. For charging, the contactor K3 216 is generally closed to allow the use of modules M1 202 and M2 204, thereby controlling and charging the energy storage device at port P2 210. In this sequence of charge control, the software distinguishes between several cases where the appropriate state of each of the three backboost modules 202-206 can be applied and selected.
During the boot sequence, and before any contactor is turned on, and before module and IGBT switching becomes available, the ESMS200 control gets the voltage levels of all the energy sources used. , Determine the charger input voltage. This is done, for example, to prevent any possible uncontrolled current when the voltage on the lower side of the backboost module is higher than the voltage on the higher side. This is, for example, the high side power battery is thoroughly discharged and port P1 208 and / or port P4 It is possible that the energy storage device at 214 still has a significant amount of stored energy. This is a scenario that is normally prevented by the vehicle's normal operating energy management, but it is when the higher energy storage device is replaced and not charged prior to replacement, or the normal operating energy management is for some reason. It is possible if it has not been active for a long time. The control of the integrated charger can handle even very extreme and unusual voltage levels on all four ports 208-214, allowing controlled energy management and bringing the system back to normal operation.
In one mode of operation, referring to Figure 5, the charging current is established at the higher energy storage device at port P2 210. This is called a single HV battery charging mode. Module M1 202 operates in boost mode, with contactors K3 216 and M 224 closed, while contactors K1 218, K2 220, and K4 222 are opened. Is the module M2 204 in back mode, depending on the charger input voltage (V)?<sub>P3</sub>> V<sub>P2</sub>), Or the upper switch is permanently energized (V)<sub>P3</sub><V<sub>P2</sub>). The charging current is controlled by module M1 202. Depending on the device's charging strategy, SOC or voltage level at port P2 210, control determines the charging current and operating time in this mode.
As an extension of the aforementioned mode, referring to FIG. 6, charger control allows charging of a second energy storage device on port P1 208 or port P4 214. This can be referred to as dual battery charging mode. In this mode, control ensures that there may be a controlled current flow before closing the contactor and enabling module M3 206. If the voltage level is within the acceptable range for the contactor K2 220 or K4 222 to be turned on, the module M3 206 is set to back mode, which determines the charging current and operating time in this mode. An initial power split factor is applied, while current and voltage are constantly monitored to calculate each individual SOC. By using a commercial off the shelf (COTS) battery pack, the standardized communication interface of the integrated charger ESMS also makes it possible to receive voltage and SOC from the system. The integrated charger ESMS implements the desired charging strategy depending on battery technology, capacity constraints, and so on.
Evaluate the SOC of the installed energy storage device to determine the power split from the wide voltage input to the energy storage device. Always monitor the SOC of individual devices to determine and optimize the power split factor. This task is responsible for properly handling extreme SOC levels. For example, a fully discharged higher battery at port P2 210 may operate at a lower voltage than the battery at port P1 208. In this case, charging of the higher battery at port P2 210 is required before the charge power split can be performed.
With reference to FIGS. 5 and 6, the energy flow for the two configurations of charging is shown. First, referring to Figure 5, energy will flow from the charger located at port 3 212 (not shown) to module 2 210 operating in boost mode, and then to module 1 208. Therefore, the DC source can be augmented to the high voltage output of port 2 210 by ensuring that K1 218 and K2 220 are open.
In another example shown in FIG. 6, port 1 208 and port 4 214 can be charged in unison from a DC source (not shown) coupled to port 3 212. Two cases can be considered in relation to FIG. 6 as an example.
Case 1: The input voltage at port 3 212 is higher than the battery voltage at port 1 208. In this case, module 2 204 operates in back mode and the current ILB in the LU is adjusted. Contactors K3 216 and K1 218 are closed, while M224, K2 220 and K4 222 (UPOS) are opened.
Case 2: The input voltage at port 3 212 is lower than the battery voltage at port 1 208. In this case, the contactors K3 216, M 224 and K4 222 (UPOS) are closed, while the K1 218 and K2 220 are opened. Module 2 204 is inactive (M2 is permanently on) and Module 1 202 operates in boost mode to boost the low input voltage to some higher level. Module 3 206 raises this voltage back to the set voltage of the energy battery at port 1 208. The current ILC in the LW is controlled in a closed loop manner.
Therefore, FIGS. 5 and 6 show different charging scenarios that can be performed using the ESMS200 of FIG. 3, and also show the direction of current flow corresponding to the other charging configurations shown. However, as mentioned, the ESMS200 can be used in multiple configurations. As illustrated in FIG. 7 as Table 300, various energy storage types and chargers may be connected to the ESMS 200 according to embodiments of the present invention. That is, exemplary charging scenarios 1-5 302 include function 304, as well as various chargers and energy storage devices located at ports 1-4. Although five charging scenarios 302 have been illustrated, the invention is not limited thereto and it is believed that any charger / storage configuration is possible.
With reference to FIG. 8, an exemplary charging configuration is shown that closely corresponds to the charging scenario 3 in Table 300 of FIG. The configuration shown in FIG. 8, configuration 400, is shown with an ESMS 200 with ports P1 208, P2 210, P3 212, and P4 214. Configuration 400 is illustrated to illustrate the communication interface 402 and its operation. The energy battery or ultracapacitor 404 is coupled to port P1 208, the ultracapacitor or energy battery 406 is coupled to port P4 214, and the power battery 408 is coupled to port P2 210. The AC or DC source 410 is coupled to port P3 212 and can be coupled through the charger interface 42 of FIG. 1 as described above. According to embodiments of the present invention, the communication interface 402 is coupled to the storage devices 404-408 as well as to the source 410. Communication interface 402 is also shown in FIG. 1 and communicates with energy storage 30, controller 46, and charger interface 42 (having devices 30-36).
Further referring to FIG. 8, the communication interface 402 comprises a plurality of communication lines 412, 414, 416 and 418 coupled therein, and the communication lines 412, 414, 416 and 418 have sensor readings, respectively. Allows transmission from devices 404-410. That is, communication lines 412 to 418, for example, to obtain the temperature and current limits associated with devices 404 to 410 and to provide real-time feedback on the temperature, current and voltage for each device 404 to 410. Combined with each device. In addition, device parameters such as current charge status and voltage readings can be obtained from each device 404-410 as well.
Therefore, referring to FIG. 9, according to the present invention, the communication interface 402 is configured to receive a plurality of inputs from various sources in order to optimize the charging operation. According to the present invention, the communication interface 402 is coupled to a controller 46 configured to output two parameters 420. The two parameters 420 include a total charge current 422 and a power split 424. That is, according to embodiments of the present invention, the total charge current 422 and power split 424 are determined based on information about the current state of devices 404-410 received from devices 404-410.<u style="single">Ru</u>。
As can be seen in FIG. 9, communication interface 402 receives several types of information related to devices 404-410. For example, the communication interface 402, for example, has a temperature limit for each N device (ie, devices 404 to 410), and the maximum current associated with each.<u style="single">To</u>Receive limit information 426, including but not limited to them. Communication interface 402 also receives energy storage device parameter 428 for each N device 404-410. Parameters 428 includes, but is not limited to, the state of charge (SOC), minimum voltage, and maximum voltage, as examples. Communication interface 402 also receives sensor feedback 430 from each N device 404-410, which includes, but is not limited to, the current of each device, the voltage between each device, and the temperature of each device. ..
Thus, communication interface 402 receives limit information 426, device parameter information 428, and real-time sensor information 430, which are processed and sent to controller 46 so that the total charge current 422 and power split 424 can be determined there. Sent to ESMS100. The ESMS100 thereby controls the internal modules M1 to M3 accordingly. According to one embodiment of the invention, the power split 424 is divided between the high voltage side and the low voltage side of the ESMS 100 (the high voltage side includes ports P2 210 and P3 212, while the low voltage side is. , Ports P1 208 and P4 Including 214). That is, referring to FIG. 8, for example, the power split 424 includes a percentage of the total power directed to the power battery 408 and the remaining percentage of the total power going to both the storage device 404 and the storage device 406. Therefore, in one embodiment in which only one low voltage storage device is coupled to the low voltage side of the ESMS 200 and one high voltage storage device is coupled to the high voltage side of the ESMS 200, the power is the low voltage storage device and the high voltage. Partially divided into storage devices, the total current to both devices is controlled accordingly.
According to the present invention, the power adjustment to the low voltage side and the high voltage side is continuous based on the continuous monitoring of the sensor. According to one embodiment, when either the low voltage storage device or the high voltage storage device is completely exhausted, the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device are completely charged when they start charging. The power split to a depleted device is 100%, and then, with the monitoring as described, directs a continuous revision of the total power and power split as described.
According to the present invention, the controller 46 can apply thermal equilibrium by controlling the operation of the fan based on feedback, temperature limits and the like. Therefore, with reference back to FIG. 1, the fan 432 can be arranged to blow air over one or all of the energy storage devices (32-36) illustrated, which are the energies of FIG. Corresponds similarly to storage devices 404-408 or energy storage devices 208, 214 and 210 of FIGS. 5 and 6. Temperature information is usually available from different energy storage units that can be used to provide coarse and thermally balanced charging achieved by symmetrically splitting the flow of power across all modules. In at least one scenario of Li-ion battery packs in the system, temperature information is usually available for use by charge control, especially when passive equilibrium is applied. Thermal models can be used if the sensor distribution is crude, or if battery technology can easily predict the temperature distribution inside the pack. Therefore, for thermal equilibrium, the control goal is to balance the temperature distribution of the battery pack, the total current 422 at port P3, and between the units to optimize the thermal performance of the energy storage device. In addition to controlling the power split 424, fan operation can be similarly controlled using fan speed control, thermal modeling, and the like.
According to the present invention, power can be maximized to the high voltage side (ie, power battery). The goal of this charging strategy is to bring the DC link voltage quickly and make full use of the available power to charge the power battery. This may be desired if shorter discharges and shorter charge cycles are desired or possible. Therefore, more frequent discharges are performed by the high performance power battery, the DC link voltage is kept relatively high, and the boost energy from the second battery is avoided to improve efficiency. Therefore, in this scenario, the control goal is to control the total current 422 at port P3, and the power split 424 between the units, as well as the charge state at port P2 on the high voltage side and at the power battery in the shortest possible time. To maximize.
According to the present invention, depending on the dual battery configuration (eg, power and energy batteries of similar capacity), it may be desirable to maintain balanced energy within the dual battery configuration during charging. The charge state levels of both batteries for which the energy management of the integrated charger is available are controlled to be at equal levels within the margin of error. Therefore, in this scenario, the control goal is to maintain the same level of charge (SOC) on both ports P1 and P2, and also control the total current 422 on port P3 and the power split 424 between the units. Is to raise their respective SOCs with a similar gradient.
According to the present invention, by using Li-ion battery technology, the individual cell groups are considerably unbalanced due to the aging temperature effect or the discharge rate when the cell groups need to be individually balanced. Can be. Optimal pack equilibrium strategies include keeping minimum and maximum cell voltages within limits. Subsequent controls use the available energy to charge batteries with less constraints of different technologies. However, imbalanced Li-ion battery packs usually require a long charging time, as active or passive equilibrium is time consuming, while charging current must be significantly reduced over a long period of time. Therefore, in this scenario, the control target is between the maximum and minimum cell voltages of both batteries, such as at ports P1 and P2, by controlling the total current 422 at port P3 and the power split 424 between the units. Includes minimizing the voltage gap of.
According to the present invention, the goal is to minimize overall system loss and thus maximize overall system efficiency, and many parameters need to be considered during the design of DC / DC converters and boost inductors. When the design of the multi-port buck-boost converter is completed, loss-optimized control can be realized, for example, by operating the converter mainly within a high efficiency range. This is about the rated output at a somewhat lighter load, which is often less efficient. Also, if short discharge cycles can be assumed, for example, if a daily commute mode of less than 40 miles is selected, the use of boosts may be limited to what is absolutely necessary during the drive operation. The capacity of the battery to power it is based on the charge history and discharge cycle. C-rate operation strategy) affects internal resistance and causes faster aging. Thereby, the efficiency-optimized operation strategy is linked to the life-time-optimized strategy to some extent. Therefore, in this scenario, the control goal is to operate at the maximum of the efficiency curve obtained by controlling the total current 422 at port P3 and the power split 424 between the units.
Therefore, a number of control schemes and optimization scenarios are included, which can be optimized by embodiments of the present invention. Given examples include, but are not limited to, thermal equilibrium, maximization of power to the high voltage side (power cell), equilibrium of charge state levels, optimal pack equilibrium, and loss minimization control.
Source 410 in FIG. 8 includes an AC or DC source 410 that can be coupled to the ESMS 200 while the vehicle 10 is parked (eg, at a charging station, in a garage at home, or at work). However, the present invention is not necessarily limited to charging when the vehicle 10 is stationary. That is, according to the present invention, it may include an auxiliary power unit (APU) that is located in the vehicle 10 to allow recharging of the energy storage system and to supply power for driving the vehicle. Referring to FIG. 10, the vehicle 10 of this embodiment includes an APU 500 instead of the energy battery 404 of FIG. Thus, in line with vehicle 10 in FIG. 1, vehicle 10 includes, in addition to heat engine 12, an APU that supplies auxiliary power to electric motor 26 via ESMS 200 (which can also be named ESMS 100 in FIG. 1). It may be. The APU500 may include, for example, an internal combustion engine (ICE), a permanent magnet generator (PMG), or a fuel cell (FC). That is, instead of the low voltage / high energy energy storage system 32 such as the LV supply in FIG. 1, the APU powers the system 10 via the ESMS 200 to power the vehicle for cruising. , Or other energy storage units 406, 408 can be supplied with power for recharging. For example, in one operating mode, the heat engine 12 may power the electric motor 26 to power the vehicle for operation, while at the same time, the APU500 recharges energy to the energy storage unit 406. , 408 may be supplied. In such a way, energy use can be optimized by selectively supplying power from the heat engine 12 and recharging other storage units during peak efficiencies. The APU500 provides additional operational flexibility, allows independent or simultaneous charging of both batteries 406 and 408, and extends integrated charging control. Charging is no longer limited to fixed charging.
In another embodiment of the invention, with reference to FIG. 11, vehicle 10 comprises an APU 500 located in vehicle 10 that is switchably coupled to port P3 212. That is, the APU500 is an auxiliary device located on the vehicle 10, but instead of being coupled to the ESMS200 via port 1 208 as shown in FIG. 10, the APU500 is connected to port P3 212 via switching device 502. Be combined. Therefore, according to the present invention, instead of having a port P1 208 dedicated to supplying power from the APU 500, the port P1 208 can be dedicated to coupling the energy battery or ultracapacitor 404 as illustrated above, the port. The P3 212 can be used to charge from a fixed source 410 and to provide auxiliary power while the vehicle is driving. That is, for driving the vehicle, energy can be taken from the heat engine 12, the energy batteries 404, 406, the power battery 408, and from the APU 500, so that the charging port P3 Binding the APU500 via 212 provides additional operational flexibility. When fixed, the switching device 502 can be switched to allow recharging from the fixed source 410.
Thus, the overall charge control can be extended beyond the fixed case where AC / DC power is supplied from the grid via a fixed supply 410. The charge control strategy can be centralized, thereby allowing the chemistry of different batteries to interoperate in one electric vehicle system. That is, system flexibility is improved and efficiency is optimal due to sensor feedback, marginal information about specific battery and energy storage types, and the ability to acquire and use device parameter information in real time while driving the vehicle. It is all brought through a single centralized energy storage management system.
The technical contribution to the disclosed device is that the device provides a technique performed by a controller for charging an energy storage device of an electric vehicle using a multiport energy management system based on system feedback. ..
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that embodiments of the present invention may be interfaced to a computer-readable storage medium that stores a computer program and may be controlled by the computer-readable storage medium. A computer-readable storage medium includes a plurality of components, such as an electronic component, a hardware component, and / or one or more components of a computer software component. These components collectively store instructions such as software, firmware, and / or assembly language to perform one or more parts of an embodiment or embodiment of one or more sequences. May include one or more computer-readable storage media. Such computer-readable storage media are generally persistent and / or tangible. Examples of such computer-readable storage media include recordable data storage media for computers and / or storage devices. The computer-readable storage medium may be, for example, one or more of magnetic, electrical, optical, biological, and / or atomic data storage media. Further, such media can take the form of, for example, floppy (registered trademark) disks, magnetic tapes, CD-ROMs, DVD-ROMs, hard disk drives, and / or electronic memory. Other forms of persistent and / or tangible computer-readable storage media not listed may be used with embodiments of the present invention.
Some of such components may be combined or divided during the implementation of the system. Further, such components may include a set and / or a set of computer instructions described or implemented by any of several programming languages, as understood by those skilled in the art. In addition, when another form of computer-readable medium, such as a carrier wave, is run by one or more computers, one or more computers in one or more sequences of embodiments or embodiments. It may be used to embody a computer data signal that represents a set of instructions that cause one or more parts to be performed.
According to one embodiment of the invention, the electric vehicle comprises a controller, which receives sensor feedback from the high voltage storage device and the low voltage storage device and receives the sensor feedback from the high voltage storage device and the low voltage storage device, respectively. The total charge current to the high-voltage and low-voltage storage devices and the power split factor of the total charge current to the high-voltage and low-voltage devices are determined based on the comparison with the operating limit of the device. Based on the decision, it is configured to regulate the total power to the low voltage storage device and the high voltage storage device.
According to another aspect of the invention, the method of managing an energy storage system for an electric vehicle comprises receiving sensor feedback from the high voltage energy storage device of the electric vehicle and sensor feedback from the high voltage energy storage device. The steps to compare the operating limits specific to high voltage energy storage devices, the steps to receive sensor feedback from low voltage energy storage devices in electric vehicles, and the sensor feedback from low voltage energy storage devices are specific to low voltage energy storage devices. Total charge current to high-voltage and low-voltage storage devices, and total charge to high-voltage and low-voltage devices, based on the steps to compare with the operating limits of It includes determining the power split factor of the current and adjusting the total power to the low and high voltage storage devices based on the determination.
According to yet another aspect of the invention, a computer-readable storage medium coupled to the energy storage management system (ESMS) of an electric vehicle (EV), which, when executed by the computer, gives the computer a high EV. Receive sensor feedback from voltage energy storage devices and EV low voltage energy storage devices, compare the sensor feedback to the operating limits of each energy storage device, and based on the comparison, the total charge current to the energy storage device, And a computer-readable storage medium that stores computer programs containing instructions that determine the power split factor of the total charge current between the high-voltage and low-voltage devices and adjust the total power to the energy storage device based on the determination. ..
This specification discloses the present invention, including the best forms, by way of example, and one of ordinary skill in the art will implement and use any device or system, and any incorporated method. It is possible to carry out the present invention including the above. The patentable scope of the invention is defined by the claims and may include other examples conceived by those skilled in the art. Another such example is when they have structural elements that do not differ from the literal wording of the claims, or they are equivalent structural elements that are slightly different from the literal wording of the claims. If, it is considered to be within the scope of claims.
Although the present invention has been described in detail in the context of only a few limited embodiments, it will be readily appreciated that the invention is not limited to such disclosed embodiments. Rather, the invention may be modified to incorporate any modifications, modifications, alternatives, or equivalent configurations not previously described, which are the spirit and scope of the invention. It corresponds to. In addition, although various embodiments of the present invention have been described, it should be understood that aspects of the invention may include only a portion of the described embodiments. Therefore, the present invention should not be seen as being limited by the above description, but only by the appended claims.
10 Hybrid Electric Vehicle (HEV) or Electric Vehicle (EV), Vehicle, System, Hybrid Vehicle 12 Internal Engine or Heat Engine, Engine, Internal Engine or Heat Engine, Heat Engine 14 Transmission 16 Differential 18 Drive Shaft Assembly 20 Engine Controller 22 Sensor 24 Wheels 26 Electric motors, ie electric motor / generator unit, electric motor, motor / generator unit 28 Hybrid drive control system or torque controller, torque controller, drive control system 30 Energy storage system, energy storage, energy system , Energy storage unit 32 Low voltage energy storage or energy battery, Low voltage energy storage, Energy storage unit, Energy storage system, Energy system, Energy storage device 34 High voltage energy storage or power battery, High voltage energy storage, Energy storage unit, Energy storage system, energy system, high voltage storage device, energy storage device 36 Ultra Capsule, Energy Storage Unit, Energy Storage System, Energy System, Energy Storage Device 38 Accelerator Pedal 40 Brake Pedal 42 Charger Interface 44 Power Input Line, Input Line 46 Controller or Computer, Controller 100 Energy Storage Management System (ESMS), ESMS 102 Energy port, port 104 DC electrical conversion device or buck-boost converter, module, buck-boost converter 106 DC electrical conversion device or buck-boost converter, module, buck-boost converter, converter 108 DC electrical conversion device or buck-boost converter, module, Buck-boost converter, converter 110 1st direction 112 2nd direction 114 1st energy port P1, energy port 116 1st unit 118 4th energy port P2, energy port 120 2nd energy port P3, energy port 122 Third energy port P4 124 2nd unit 126 3rd unit 128 4th unit 200 ESMS 202 1st back boost module, back boost module M1, module 1, module M1 204 2nd back boost module, back boost module M2, module 2, Module M2 206 Third Backboost Module, Backboost Module M3, Module 3, Module M3 208 Port P1, Module 1, Port 1, Energy Storage Device 210 Port P2, Module 2, Port 2, Energy Storage Device 212 Port P3, Port 3, Charging Port P3 214 Port P4, Port 4, Energy Storage Device 216 Contact K3 218 Contact K1, Switch K1 220 Contact K2 222 Contact K4 224 Contact M 250 Sequence 300 Table 302 Illustrative Charging Scenario 1 ~ 5 304 Function 400 Configuration 402 Communication Interface 404 Energy Battery or Ultra Capsule, Storage Device, Device, Energy Storage Device, Energy Battery, Ultra Capsule 406 Ultra Capacitor or Energy Battery, Storage Device, Device, Energy Storage Device, Energy Storage Unit, Battery 408 Power Battery, Storage Device, Device, Energy storage device, energy storage unit, battery 410 AC or DC source, source, device, fixed source 412 Communication line 414 Communication line 416 Communication line 418 Communication line 420 Parameters 422 Total charge current, Total current 424 Power split 426 Limit information 428 Energy storage device parameters, parameters, device parameter information 430 Sensor feedback, real-time sensor information 432 Fan 500 APU 502 Switching device
11 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
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| JP2010035280A | Cites | Japan |
| US20120112693A1 | Cites | United States of America |
| JP2011091899A | Cites | Japan |
| JP2009508763A | Cites | Japan |
| JP2011223796A | Cites | Japan |
20 members in 3 offices
Members20
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2013307489A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN103419669A | China | A | |
| JP2013243914A | Japan | A | |
| US8981727B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2015183328A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN103419669B | China | B | |
| CN106926718A | China | A | |
| US9821668B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2018022221A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2018022222A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US10081257B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US10081258B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2018354373A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP6557445B2This record | Japan | B2 | |
| CN106926718B | China | B | |
| US2020130518A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US10766372B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US11318852B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2022153149A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US11697352B2 | United States of America | B2 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 6557445
- Application
- 104614
Titles2
- Japanese
- 複数のエネルギー貯蔵デバイスを充電する方法および装置
- English
- Methods and equipment for charging multiple energy storage devices
Classification
- CPC, 26
- B60L58/20
- B60L53/14
- B60L15/007
- B60L2210/10
- B60L2240/526
- B60L2240/529
- B60L2240/545
- B60L2240/547
- B60L2240/549
- B60L2240/527
- Y02T10/7072
- Y02T10/70
- Y02T90/14
- B60L53/22
- B60L50/40
- B60L50/16
- B60L53/11
- B60L58/12
- B60L58/21
- B60L58/25
- B60L58/26
- Y02T10/64
- Y02T10/72
- Y02T90/12
- B60L53/00
- H02J7/50
- IPC, 4
- H02J7 00
- B60L50 60
- H02J7 02
- B60L50 16
