System for wireless, motion and position-sensing, integrating radiation sensor and energy harvester for occupational and environmental dosimetry

The present invention relates to the measurement of human motion activity monitored for exposure to measurable amounts of potentially dangerous entities or materials (eg, radio sources, chemicals or biopharmaceuticals).

The problem with dosimeters worn by an individual (eg in the form of a personal dosimeter) is determining whether the individual is wearing a dosimeter or how long the individual is wearing a dosimeter. Was difficult. Correlation of activity, time, spatial position, and measured amount of dangerous goods in determining whether exposure occurred during normal activity and during working hours at the workplace is crucial. Is. This information can be used to ascertain and ensure compliance with occupational monitoring and other regulatory requirements, and to enhance the effectiveness of occupational safety programs.

<p> According to the first broad aspect, the invention presents the following steps: (a) the first period of time an individual was active in motion data and motion data for a dosimeter worn by the individual. Steps to determine based on relevant time data, and (b) the first period of time the individual was active via the visual display device and / or the first of the time the individual was active. A method of reporting a period of time through storage to a storage medium, comprising one step; in which the dosimeter comprises one or more motion sensors for generating motion data. provide.</p><p> According to the second broad aspect, the invention follows: (a) Determines whether an individual was wearing a dosimeter during the monitoring period, based on motion and time data obtained from the dosimeter. Steps to do, and (b) determine whether the individual was wearing a dosimeter when the dosimeter was exposed to one or more sources, determined radiation dose data for the dosimeter, about the dosimeter Steps to determine based on motion data, time data associated with radiation dose data, and time data associated with motion data; (c) to the visual display device whether the dosimeter was worn during the monitored period In the step of reporting through the display and / or by storing in a storage medium whether the individual was wearing the dosimeter when exposed to one or more sources of radiation. And the dosimeter is equipped with one or more motion sensors to generate motion data; and (d) the dosimeter is dosed when exposed to one or more sources of radiation. Whether the dosimeter was worn through the display on the visual display device and / or whether the individual was wearing the dosimeter when the dosimeter was exposed to one or more doses of radiation. Provided is a step of reporting through storage on a storage medium, comprising: step; the dosimeter comprises one or more motion sensors for generating motion data.</p><p> According to a third broader aspect, the invention follows the steps: (a) whether the dosimeter was in its place when the dosimeter was exposed to one or more radiation doses. Steps to determine based on radiation dose data about, motion data about the dosimeter, time data associated with the dosimeter, time data associated with the motion data, and location data, and location data about the dosimeter; and ( b) Whether the dosimeter was in its place when the dosimeter was exposed to one or more sources, and / or whether the dosimeter was one or more through a display on a visual display device. One or more steps for the dosimeter to generate operational data, which is the step of reporting through storing on a storage medium whether the dosimeter was in place when exposed to the above radiation doses. Provide a method, including the steps;</p><p> According to the fourth broad aspect, the present invention follows the steps: (a) When the dosimeter was exposed to one or more radiation doses, the individual was wearing the dosimeter. Steps to determine the location on the body based on motion data about the dosimeter and time data associated with the motion data; and (b) when the dosimeter is exposed to one or more sources of radiation, the individual A place on the body of the individual wearing the dosimeter is dosed by the individual through display on a visual display device and / or when the dosimeter is exposed to one or more radiation doses. Includes the step of reporting through storing on a storage medium whether or not the dosimeter was worn, wherein the dosimeter comprises one or more motion sensors for generating motion data; , Provide a method.</p><p> According to the fifth broad aspect, the invention follows the steps: (a) The probability that an individual wearing a dosimeter is an individual to which a dosimeter is assigned, based on operational data on the dosimeter. And (b) the probability that an individual wearing a dosimeter is an individual to whom a dosimeter is assigned, via display on a visual display device and / or an individual wearing a dosimeter. Is a step in reporting through storing the probability that a dosimeter is an individual assigned to a storage medium, with one or more motion sensors for the dosimeter to generate motion data. Provide methods that include, step;</p><p> The accompanying drawings are incorporated herein by reference and constitute a portion of the specification, illustrating exemplary embodiments of the invention, the general description described above and the detailed description below. At the same time, it is useful for explaining the features of the present invention.</p>

<figref num="1">FIG. 1 shows a split sphere that encapsulates a "filtration bubble" for multiple ionizing radiation sensors, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 2 shows an integrated sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 shows a remote sensor network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 shows an autonomous mobile sensor (AMS) network according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 shows a logical flow of an integrated sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 6 shows a logical flow of reading a sensor according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 7 shows the points of the reading logic flow of exposure according to the exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="8">FIG. 8 shows the configuration of a wireless sensor base station according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="9">FIG. 9 shows a computer calculation procedure according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 10 shows a flowchart of a disclosed computer calculation procedure for adopting an algorithm according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 11 shows an integrated sensor module according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 12 shows a graph of motion data from the accelerometer of the dosimeter worn by the individual.</figref><figref num="13">FIG. 13 shows a graph of motion data from an accelerometer of a dosimeter worn by an individual while the individual is seated with minimal motion or no motion.</figref><figref num="14">FIG. 14 shows a graph of motion data from an accelerometer of a dosimeter worn by an individual walking.</figref><figref num="15">FIG. 15 shows a graph of motion data from an accelerometer of a dosimeter worn by an individual, in which the individual remains upright, then moves the individual's arm, and then remains upright.</figref>

(Definition) If a definition of a term deviates from the commonly used meaning of that term, Applicant intends to use the definition provided below unless otherwise indicated.

For the purposes of the present invention, "top", "bottom", "above", "below", "above", "below", "left", "right", "horizontal", "vertical" , "Upper", "downward", and other directional terms are used solely for convenience to describe various embodiments of the present invention.

For the purposes of the present invention, the satisfaction of a particular value, characteristic, condition, where the value is derived by making a mathematical calculation or logical determination using that value, characteristic or other coefficient. Or "based" on other coefficients.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "accelerometer" refers to an electromechanical device for measuring acceleration forces, including static or dynamic forces. The accelerometer measures the appropriate acceleration. This acceleration is the acceleration experienced in free fall and is the acceleration felt by people and objects. In other words, at any point in space time, the equivalence principle guarantees the existence of a local inertial system, and the accelerator measures the acceleration associated with that system. [1] Such accelerations are generally measured in terms of g-force. A single-axis or multi-axis model of an accelerometer is available to detect the magnitude and direction of the appropriate acceleration (or g-force) as a vector quantity, and the direction (because the direction of weight changes). ), Coordinate acceleration Acceleration) (as long as it causes g-force or g-force changes), vibrations, shocks, and resistances can be used to understand drops in a medium (if the appropriate acceleration changes, it starts from zero and Then it will increase). Micromachine accelerometers are increasingly present in portable electronic devices and video game controllers to detect the position of the device or provide game input. A pair of accelerometers extending over a spatial area can be used to detect differences (gradients) in the appropriate acceleration of the frame of reference associated with those points. These devices are called gravitational gradient meters because they measure the gradient in the gravitational field. Such a pair of accelerometers can theoretically also detect gravitational waves.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "activity" refers to an individual wearing a dosimeter or other type of sensor.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "period of activity time" refers to the length of time a person is active.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "incident angle" refers to the angle between the direction of the radiation source and a line (perpendicular) perpendicular to the surface of the detector.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "related" with respect to data refers to data that is related or linked to each other. For example, data on the identity of the individual wearing the integrated sensor module (identity data) is obtained from the accelerometer, or from the gyroscope as needed, or from the amplitude of the output signal from the energy harvester as needed. It may be associated with a motion sensor for an individual.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "autonomous mobile sensor (AMS) network" refers to a network of mobile sensors that function independently, each with respect to the intensity of the detected event and the proximity of other mobile sensors. Can move accordingly. As a result, the mobile sensor group automatically follows the dynamic distribution of the tracked object as the intensity changes over time or is distributed over a geographical area or within a building or structure.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "ANT" or "ANT +" refers to a patented wireless sensor network technology characterized by a wireless communication protocol stack. It is a 2.4 GHz industrial and scientific RF spectrum ("ISM band") for semiconductor radios to communicate by establishing standardized rules for coexistence, data representation, signals, authentication and error detection. And allows it to operate during medical assignments. ANT is characterized by low to medium efficiency with low computer computational overhead, resulting in low power consumption as the radio supports the protocol.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "Bluetooth®" creates a personal area network (PAN) with a high level of security, close range from fixed and mobile devices (2400-2480MHz in the ISM band). Refers to the wireless technology standard for data exchange over (using short-wave radio broadcasting). When created in 1994 by telecom vendor Ericsson, it was first created as a wireless replacement for RS-232 data cables. It can connect several devices and solve the synchronization problem. Bluetooth® is managed by the Bluetooth® Special Interest Group and has more than 18,000 member companies in the fields of telegraph, computing, networking and consumer electronics. Bluetooth® is IEEE It was standardized as 802.15.1, but that standard is no longer maintained. The SIG oversees the development of specifications, manages accreditation programs, and protects trademarks. In order to be marketed as a Bluetooth® device, it must be certified to the standards set by the SIG. A network of patents is required to implement this technology and is licensed only for certified devices.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "chemical sensor" refers to a device that measures the presence, concentration or absolute amount of a given chemical material, such as an element or molecule of either a gas phase, a liquid phase or a solid phase.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "cloud computing" is synonymous with computing performed by computers that are remote and accessed through the Internet ("cloud"). It allows computing resources to be provided "as a service" and "in the cloud" to give users access to the services that the technology enables, without the knowledge, experience or control of the technology infrastructure that supports them. It is a form of computing when doing so. IEEE Computer According to the Society, it is a methodology in which information is "permanently stored on servers on the Internet and temporarily cached by clients, including desktops, entertainment centers, table computers, notebooks, wall-mounted computers, handhelds, etc." ". Cloud computing is a general concept that surrounds virtual storage, computing and web services, and often software as a service (SaaS) (a common theme is on the Internet to meet your computing needs. Trust). For example, Google Apps provides online common business applications that are accessed from a web browser. On the other hand, software and data are stored on the server. Some successful cloud architectures, including peer-to-peer networks like BitTorrent and Skype, and volunteer computing like SETI @ home, have little or no established infrastructure or billing system. I don't get it. Currently, the major cloud computing infrastructure consists of reliable services published through next-generation data centers built on computer and storage virtualization technologies. The service can be accessed from anywhere in the world by a cloud that looks like a single access point for all the computing needs of data consumers. Commercial offerings may need to meet the quality of consumer service demands and may offer service level contracts. Open standards and open source software are also important to the growth of cloud computing. Consumers generally do not own the infrastructure, so they only access or rent, they refrain from capital expenditures and pay for resources as a service on behalf of what they use. Many cloud computing offerings have adopted a utility computing model that resembles how traditional utilities such as electricity have been consumed. On the other hand, in other cases, it is charged as a membership fee (on a subscription basis). Among many tenants, "perishable and Intangible) "By sharing computing power, utilization can be improved (because the server is not left idle), application development speed can be increased, but costs can be significantly reduced. .. A side effect of this approach is that "computer capacity increases dramatically" because consumers do not have to put a peak load on it. Adoption has been made possible by the "fast bandwidth increase" that allows similar response times from centralized infrastructure at other sites.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "computer" refers to any type of computer or other device running software, such as personal computers, laptop computers, tablet computers, mainframe computers, minicomputers, etc. Includes individual computers. Computers are also electronic science equipment (eg servers, spectroscopes, smartphones, e-book readers, mobile phones, televisions, portable electronic game consoles, video game consoles, compressed audio or video players (eg MP3 players, Blu-ray players, etc.) Refers to electronic devices such as DVD players)). Further, the term "computer" refers to any type of computer network (eg, computer network in business, computer bank, cloud, internet, etc.). Various processes of the present invention can be performed using a computer. Various functions of the present invention may be performed by one or more computers.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "computer hardware" is a physical device of a digital circuit and computer system, as opposed to computer software stored in a hardware device such as a hard disk. Most computer hardware is invisible to the average user. Because it is installed in various everyday systems (especially in many, especially in automobiles, microwave ovens, electrocardiographs, compact disc players, and video games). A typical personal computer consists of a tower (desktop) case or chassis and the following components: motherboard, CPU, RAM, firmware, internal bus (PIC, PCI-E, USB, hypertransport, CSI, AGP) , VLB), external bus controller (parallel port, serial port, USB, firewire, SCSI, PS / 2, ISA, EISA, MCA), power supply, case control with cooling fan, storage controller (CD-ROM, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD writer, DVD RAM drive, Blu-ray, BD-ROM, BD writer, floppy disk, USB flash, tape driver, SATA, SAS), video controller, sound card, network controller (modem, NIC), and mouse, keyboard, pointing device, game device Peripherals including scanners, web cams, audio devices, printers, monitors and more.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "computer network" refers to a group of interconnected computers. Networks can be categorized by a wide range of characteristics. The most common types of computer networks, in order of size, include: Personal Area Network (PAN), Local Area Network (LAN), Campus Area Network (CAN), Metropolitan Area Network (MAN), Wide Area Network (MAN). WAN), Global Area Network (GAN), Internetwork (Intranet, Extranet, Internet) and various types of wireless networks. All networks consist of basic hardware building blocks that interconnect network nodes, such as network interface cards (NICs), bridges, hubs, switches and routers. In addition, some methods of connecting these building blocks generally require the form of galvanic cables (most commonly Category 5 cables). The less common one is (IEEE A microwave link or optical cable (such as 802.11) or an optical cable ("fiber optic").

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "computer software" refers to a general term used to describe a set of documents that perform a task on a computer program, procedure, or computer system. The term refers to application software such as word processors that perform productive tasks for users, system software such as operating systems that interface with hardware to provide the services required for application software, and distributed systems. Includes middleware that controls and works together. The software may include websites, programs, video games, etc. coded in programming languages such as C, C ++, Java, etc. Computer software is usually regarded as anything that is not hardware, meaning that the "soft" part is the intangible part inside the computer, while the "hard" is the tangible (grasable) part. Computer software is said to distinguish it from computer hardware, which includes physical interconnects and the devices needed to store, run (or run) the software. At the lowest level, the software consists of machine language that is specific to the individual processor. Machine language consists of a group of binary values that indicate processor instructions that change the state of a computer from its predecessor state.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "computer system" refers to any type of computer system that runs software, including individual computers such as personal computers, mainframe computers, mini-computers, and the like. In addition, computer systems include computer networks in business, the Internet, personal data assistants (PDAs), devices such as mobile phones, televisions, video game machines, compressed audio or video players (eg MP3 players, DVD players), microwave ovens. Refers to any type of computer network, such as. A personal computer is a type of computer system that typically includes the following components: a tower (desktop) case or chassis and the following components: motherboard, CPU, RAM, firmware, internal bus (PIC): , PCI-E, USB, Hyper Transport, CSI, AGP, VLB), External Bus Controller (Parallel Port, Serial Port, USB, Firewire, SCSI, PS / 2, ISA, EISA, MCA), Power Supply, Cooling Fan Case control, storage controller (CD-ROM, DVD, DVD-ROM, DVD writer, DVD RAM drive, Blu-ray, BD-ROM, BD writer, floppy disk, USB flash, tape driver, SATA, SAS), video controller , Sound cards, network controllers (modems, NICs), and peripherals including mice, keyboards, pointing devices, game devices, scanners, web cams, audio devices, printers, monitors and more.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "data" means a reinterpretable representation of information in a formalized format suitable for communication, analysis or processing. One type of common type of data is a computer file, but the data can also be streaming data, web services, and so on. The term "data" is used to refer to data in one or more fragments.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "database" or "data record" refers to a structured collection of records or data stored in a computer system. The structure is achieved by organizing the data according to the database model. The most commonly used model today is the relational model. Other models, such as hierarchical and network models, use a clearer representation of relationships (see below for a description of the various database models). Computer databases rely on software to organize the storage of data. This software is known as a database management system (DBMS). Database management systems are categorized according to the database models they support. The model tends to determine the query language that allows access to the database. However, the massive internal engineering of the DBMS is independent of the data model and is associated with management factors such as performance, concurrency, integrity, and recovery from hardware failures. There are significant differences between products in these areas.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "database management system (DBMS)" refers to computer software designed for the purpose of managing databases based on various data models. A DBMS is a set of software programs that control the organization, storage, management, and retrieval of data in a database. DBMSs are categorized according to data structure or type. It is a set of pre-written programs used to store, update, and retrieve databases.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "data storage medium" or "data storage device" refers to any medium in which data is stored for use by a computer system. Examples of data storage media are floppy disks and Zip.^TMExamples include discs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, DVDs, DVD-Rs, memory sticks, flash memories, hard disks, solid phase disks, and optical disks. Two or more data storage media that behave like a single data storage medium may be referred to as "data storage media" for the purposes of the present invention. The data storage medium can be part of a computer.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "dosimeter" is used to measure the exposure of an individual or object to something in the environment, especially to a risk that has a cumulative effect over a long period of time or over a lifetime. Refers to a device. The radiation dose meter measures the exposure to ionizing radiation. Radiation dose meters are of fundamental importance in the fields of radiation dose measurement and health physics. Other types of dosimeters include acoustic dosimeters, UV dosimeters and electromagnetic dosimeters. Ionizing radiation such as X-rays, alpha rays, beta rays, and gamma rays cannot be detected by the human senses. Therefore, a measuring device such as a dosimeter is used to detect, measure and record this, and in some cases an alarm sounds when a preset level is exceeded. The damage to the body of ionizing radiation accumulates and is related to the total dose received. Its SI unit is sievert. Therefore, they were exposed to radiation such as radiologists, nuclear power plant workers, doctors, physicists and radiotherapists using radiotherapy equipment, laboratory workers using radionuclides and some HAZMAT teams. Workers need to wear a dosimeter. As a result, their employers may keep a record of their exposure to ensure that they are below legal limits. Such a device can be recognized as a "legal dosimeter", meaning that it has been certified for use in recording individual doses for regulatory purposes.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "energy compensating material" refers to gamma energy when placed between an OSLM and an OSLM source or X-ray radiation as compared to an OSLM exposed without a compensating material or filter material. Or a material whose response changes over the range of X-ray energy. Examples of energy compensating materials are copper and aluminum.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "flocking algorithm" refers to the movement of a network of mobile sensors as a function of the intensity or amplitude of the measured event as well as the proximity of each sensor to other mobile sensors. A computer computing procedure that enables a network of mobile sensors to move autonomously in a coordinated self-management fashion to track the dynamic motion and dispersion of measured events.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "hardware and / or software" refers to a function that can be performed by computer software, computer hardware, or a combination of computer hardware and computer software. Various features of the invention can be accomplished by hardware and / or software.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "individual" refers to an individual mammal (eg, human being).

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "Internet" is a global system of interconnected computer networks that exchange data by packet switching using the Standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP / IP). A "network of networks" consists of millions of private and public industry-government-academia networks ranging from local to global, which are connected by copper wires, fiber optic cables, wireless connections, and other technologies. There is. The Internet possesses a variety of information resources and services (eg, email, online chat, file transfer and file sharing, online games, and the World Wide Web (WWW) reciprocal link hypertext documents and other resources).

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "Internet Protocol (IP)" refers to a protocol used to communicate data across packet-switched interconnect networks using the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP / IP). .. IP is the primary protocol in the Internet layer of the Internet Protocol Suite and has the task of transmitting datagrams (packets) exclusively from the source host to the destination host based on its address. To this end, the Internet Protocol specifies addressing methods and structures for datagram encapsulation. The first major version of the addressing structure (now called Internet Protocol Version 4 (Ipv4)) is still the predominant protocol for the Internet, but its successor, Internet Protocol Version 6 (Ipv6), is also actively deployed around the world. ing. In one embodiment, the EGI-SOA of the present invention may be specifically designed to run both of these protocols seamlessly.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "intranet" refers to a set of networks that use Internet Protocol and IP-based tools (eg, web browsers and file transfer applications) under the control of a single management entity. .. The management entity closes the intranet to all but users with specific privileges. Most commonly, an intranet is an organization's internal network. Large intranets typically have at least one web server to provide information about the organization to users. An intranet may or may not have a connection to the Internet. When connected to the Internet, the intranet is usually protected from being accessed from the Internet without proper privileges. The internet is not considered part of the intranet.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "ionizing radiation" refers to a particle beam or electromagnetic wave capable of dissociating an atom into positively charged and loaded ion pairs. The present invention can be used to determine the dose of both direct and indirect ionizing radiation. Ionizing (or ionizing) radiation is radiation composed of particles that individually possess sufficient kinetic energy to release an electron from an atom or molecule and ionize it. Ionizing radiation is charged particles through a nuclear reaction (artificial or natural), at very high temperatures (eg, plasma discharge or solar corona), through the production of high-energy particles in a particle accelerator, or by an electromagnetic field generated by a natural process. Acceleration causes everything from lightning to supernova explosions. When ionizing radiation is emitted or absorbed by an atom, it can liberate the atom's particles (typically electrons, protons, or neutrons, but sometimes the entire nucleus) from the atom. Such events can alter chemical bonds to form ions (usually in ion pairs), which are particularly chemically reactive. This greatly exacerbates the chemical and biological damage per unit energy of radiation. This is because the chemical bonds are broken in this process. If an atom is inside a solid-phase crystal lattice, a "hole" is created where the original atom was. Ionizing radiation includes cosmic rays, alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, X-rays, and generally any charged particles that move at relativistic velocities. Neutrons are considered to be ionizing radiation at arbitrary velocities. Ionizing radiation contains some portion of the ultraviolet spectrum depending on the background. Radio waves, microwaves, infrared light, and visible light are usually considered non-ionizing radiation, but the very high intensity rays of these radiation alter chemical bonds to remove electrons from atoms. Can generate enough heat to exhibit some properties similar to ionizing radiation. Ionizing radiation is ubiquitous in the environment and comes from naturally occurring radioactive materials and cosmic rays. Normal artificial line Sources are artificial radioisotopes, X-ray tubes, and particle accelerators. Since ionizing radiation is invisible and cannot be detected directly by human perception, a device such as a Geiger counter is usually required to detect its presence. In some cases, it can lead to secondary emission of visible light by interacting with things like Cherenkov radiation and radioluminescence. It has many practical uses in medicine, research, construction and other fields, but poses a health hazard if used improperly. Exposure to ionizing radiation can cause damage to living tissue and can result in mutations, radiation sickness, cancer and death.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "ionizing radiation sensor" refers to a device that measures the presence or activity of a material or substance that emits or produces ionizing radiation.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "irradiation" is more than the conventional meaning of the term "irradiation", ie, high energy charged particles (eg, electrons, protons, alpha particles, etc.), or visible light. Exposure to short-wavelength electromagnetic irradiation rays (eg, gamma rays, X-rays, ultraviolet rays, etc.).

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "linked type of motion" refers to one type of motion that causes a second type of motion. For example, walking movements by an individual are one type of movement, and can result in a second type of movement linked, namely the wrist pendulum movement of any individual. Running motion by an individual is also a type of motion, and can result in a second type of motion linked, i.e., a periodic motion on the wrist of the individual behind the direction detected by the motion sensor.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "local area network (LAN)" refers to a network that covers a small geographical area such as a home, office, or building. Today's LANs are most likely to be based on Ethernet technology. The cable to the server is typically a Cat 5e enhanced cable and supports IEEE 802.3 at 1 Gbit / s. Wireless LANs can exist using different IEEE protocols 802.11b, 802.11g or perhaps 802.11n. The characteristics that make LANs more representative than WANs (wide area networks) are that they have high data transfer rates, narrow geographical areas, and no need for leased lines. Current Ethernet or other IEEE 802.3 LAN technology operates at speeds up to 10 Gbit / s.

For the purposes of the present invention, the terms "location data" and the term "position data" refer to data about the location of an individual or object (eg, a dosimeter). Location data can be generated using location beacons, GPS devices, and the like.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "low power wireless network" refers to an ultra low power wireless network between a sensor node and a centralized device. Ultra-low power is required by devices that need to operate energy scavenging technology over a long period of time from small batteries. Examples of low power wireless networks are ANT, ANT +, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee and WiFi.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "machine readable medium" may store, encode, or carry instructions to be performed by a machine, and cause the machine to perform one or more methodologies of the invention. Alternatively, any tangible or intangible medium that can be utilized by such instructions or that can store, encode, or carry data structures associated with such instructions. The term "machine readable medium" includes, but is not limited to, solid phase memory, as well as optical and magnetic media. Specific examples of machine-readable media include non-volatile memory, including: semiconductor memory devices such as EPROM, EEPROM, and flash memory devices; magnetic disks such as internal hard disks and reamable disks; Magnetic optical discs; as well as CD-ROM and DVD-ROM discs. The term "machine readable medium" can include one or more media (eg, centralized or distributed databases, and / or associated caches and servers) that store one or more instructions or data structures. The machine-readable medium can be part of a computer.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "MEMS" refers to Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems. MEMS, in its most common form, refers to a technology that can be defined as an element (ie, device and structure) of a small machine and electronic machine made using microfabrication technology. The critical physical dimensions of MEMS devices can range from well below 1 micron to a few millimeters at the bottom of the dimensional spectrum. Similarly, types of MEMS devices can range from relatively simple structures without moving elements to highly complex electromechanical systems with multiple moving elements under the control of integrated microelectronics. The main criteria for MEMS may be that there are at least some elements that have some sort of mechanical functionality as to whether these elements are movable or not. The terms used to define MEMS vary from region to world. In the United States they are primarily called MEMS, but in some other parts of the world they are "Microsystems". It is called "Technology" or "micromachined device". Functional elements of MEMS are small structures, sensors, actuators, and microelectronics, but the most prominent elements can include microsensors and microactuators. Microsensors and microactuators can be appropriately classified as "transducers" and they are defined as devices that convert energy from one form to another. In the case of microsensors, the device typically converts the measured mechanical signal into an electrical signal.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "mesh networking" refers to a type of networking in which each node not only captures and transmits its own data, but also acts as a relay to other nodes. It can work together to propagate data in the network. The mesh network can be designed using flooding or routing techniques. With routing technology, messages are propagated along the path by hopping from node to node until they reach their destination. To ensure the availability of all its paths, the routing network must use self-healing algorithms to allow continuous connectivity and reconfiguration before and after the broken or blocked path. A mesh network in which all its nodes are connected to each other is a fully connected network. Mesh networks can be seen as a type of ad hoc network. Therefore, while mobile ad hoc networks and mesh networks are closely related, mobile ad hoc networks must also address the issues introduced by node mobility. Self-healing ability allows a routing-based network to operate in the event of a node failure or poor connectivity. As a result, there is often more than one path between the source and destination of the network, but the network is typically very reliable. Mostly used in wireless situations, this concept is also applicable to wired networks and software interactions.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "microfluidics" refers to branch micro-fabrication, which relates to a development instrument that handles small amounts of liquid. One aspect of the present invention is to utilize a fluid structure consisting of a large number of fine liquids (eg, a volume of picolitre to microliter) as a working element in a mechanical-electric energy conversion system. Many of these fine elements (on the order of hundreds or thousands) generate realistic amounts of electrical energy that can result from relatively small amounts of mechanical activity.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "mobile ad hoc network" is a self-configuring infrastructureless network of wirelessly connected mobile devices. Adhook is Latin and means "for this purpose". Each device in a mobile ad hoc network is free to move independently in any direction, thus often changing its link to another device. Each forwards traffic unrelated to its own use and thus can be a router. The first challenge in building a mobile ad hoc network is to ensure that each device continually maintains the information it needs to properly route traffic. Such networks may operate on their own or may be connected to the larger Internet. Mobile ad hoc networks are a type of wireless ad hoc network, typically the link layer (Link). Layer) Has a routerable network environment in addition to ad hoc networks. The development of laptop and wireless networks has made mobile ad hoc networks a popular search topic since the mid-1990s. Many academic papers evaluate protocols and their capabilities, assuming varying degrees of mobility within an enclosed space (usually all nodes are within a few hops of each other). Different protocols are then evaluated based on measures such as packet drop rate, overhead introduced by routing protocols, end-to-end packet delay, network throughput, and so on.

For the purposes of the present invention, the terms "motion data" and the term "motion activity data" relate to the motion of an individual, object or device, and to the motion of any part of the individual, object or device. Refers to data. The motion data may have associated time data such as when the motion is started, when the motion is stopped, during the motion, and so on.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "network hub" refers to an electronic device that includes multiple ports. When a packet arrives on one port, it is copied to all ports on the hub for transmission. When the packet is copied, the destination address in the frame does not change to the broadcast address. It does this rudimentarily, it simply copies the data to all the nodes connected to the hub. The term is also known as a hub. The terms "Ethernet hub", "active hub", "network hub", "repeater hub", "multiport hub" or "hub" also connect multiple Ethernet devices together and combine them into a single network segment. You can get a device to make it work. It has multiple input / output (I / O) ports, where the signal introduced at the input of any port appears at the output of any port except the original incoming one. The hub works in the physical layer (first layer) of the OSI model. The device is in the form of a multi-port repeater. The repeater hub is also involved in collision detection, which forwards jam signals to all ports if it detects a collision.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "onboard" refers to components such as motion sensors, GPS devices, etc. that reside on the same printed circuit board as one or more of the integrated sensor modules of the present invention. Say.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "processor" refers to a device that performs basic operations within a computer. A microprocessor is an example of a processor.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "radiation attenuating material" refers to a material that attenuates the intensity of incident radiation by absorbing some or all of the energy of the radiation into the material.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "radiation dose data" refers to data based on the exposure of a radiometer to one or a dose of radiation. Time data can be associated with radiation dose data. For example, the time when a radiation dose meter is exposed to one or more doses of radiation.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "radiation dose measurement" refers to the conventional meaning of the term "radiation dose measurement", i.e., the measurement of the amount of radiation absorbed by the body of a material, object or individual.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "radiation sensing material" refers to a material used to sense radiation in a radiation sensor. Examples of radiation sensitive materials include photoexcited luminescence materials for OSL sensors, thermoluminescent materials for thermoluminescent dosimetry (TLD) sensors, and the like.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "random access memory (RAM)" refers to a type of computer data storage. Today, it takes the form of an integrated circuit that allows stored data to be accessed in any order (ie, randomly). Therefore, the word random means that any part of the data can be returned in a given amount of time, regardless of its physical location and whether it is related to the previous part of the data. This is in contrast to storage mechanisms that rely on the physical movement of the recording medium or readhead, such as tapes, magnetic disks and optical discs. On these devices, travel takes longer than data transfer, and the recovery time depends on the physical location of the next item. The word RAM is most associated with volatile types of memory (eg DRAM memory modules), where information is lost after the power is turned off. However, many other types of memory are RAM as well, including most types of ROM and some type of flash memory called NOR-Flash.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "read-only memory (ROM)" refers to a class of storage medium used in computers and other electronic devices. Since the data stored in ROM cannot be modified (at least not very quickly or easily), it is very closely related to the firmware (very closely related to the particular hardware and requires frequent updates). It is mainly used for distribution of software that is unlikely to be used. In its strictest sense, ROM refers only to mask ROM (the oldest type of solid phase ROM), which is made with the desired data permanently stored in it and is therefore immutable. However, more recent types (eg EPROM and flash EEPROM) are erasable and reprogrammable multiple times; they are still described as "read-only memory", which is the process of reprogramming. Is generally rare, relatively slow, and often does not allow random access writes to individual memory locations.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "real-time processing" refers to a processing system designed to process a workload whose state is constantly changing. Real-time processing means that a transaction is processed fast enough for the results to be returned and acted upon when a transactional event occurs. In the context of a database, a real-time database is a database that can produce reliable responses in real time.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "router" refers to a networking device that forwards data packets between networks using headers and forwarding tables (which determine the best path for forwarding packets). Routers work at the network layer of the TCP / IP model or the third layer of the OSI model. Routers also provide interoperability between similar and dissimilar media devices. Routers are connected to at least two networks (usually two LANs or WANs, or a network of LANs and their ISPs).

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "sensor" refers to a collector and / or producer of information and / or data. The sensor can be a device or a living organism (eg, a human). For example, the sensor can be a position locating sensor such as a GPS device, a thermometer, a mobile phone, an individual writing a report, and so on. A sensor is an entity that can observe a phenomenon and return the observed value. For example, a mercury thermometer converts a measured temperature into a stretch of liquid, which can be read on a graduated glass tube. The thermocouple converts the temperature into an output voltage, which can be read by a voltmeter. For accuracy, all sensors are often calibrated to known standards. A sensor may include a device that detects or measures a physical property and records, displays, or responds to that physical property.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "server" refers to a system (software and suitable computer hardware) that responds to requests across computer networks to provide or assist in providing network services. Say. Servers can run on dedicated computers (also often referred to as "servers"), but many network computers are capable of hosting servers. In many cases, a computer can provide several services and several servers can be running. A server can run within a client-server architecture and can include computer programs running to serve the demands of other programs (clients). Therefore, the server may perform some tasks on behalf of the client. The client typically connects to the server over the network, but can run on the same computer. In the context of Internet Protocol (IP) networking, a server is a program that acts as a socket listener. Servers often cross networks to provide the services they need, either to private users in large organizations or to public users over the Internet. A typical computing server is a database server, file server, mail server, print server, web server, game server, application server, or some other type of server. The majority of systems use this client / server networking model, which includes websites and email services. An alternative model, peer-to-peer networking, may allow all computers to act as either servers or clients as needed.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "solid phase electronics" is a circuit or device entirely constructed from a solid material, in which electrons or other charge carriers are totally confined. It means what is. The term is often used to contrast with the technology of early tube and gas discharge tube devices, and it is also conventional, from the term solid phase to electromechanical devices (relays, switches, hard drives, and moving parts). Other devices that have) are excluded. Solids can include crystalline, polycrystalline, and amorphous solids, and can be conductors, insulators, and semiconductors, but the construction material is most often crystalline semiconductors. Common solid phase devices include transistors, microprocessor chips, and RAM. A special type of RAM, called flash RAM, is used in flash drives and, more recently, in solid phase drives to replace mechanically rotating magnetic disk hard drives. More recently, integrated circuits (ICs), light emitting diodes (LEDs), and liquid crystal displays (LCDs) have evolved as further examples of solid phase devices. In solid phase components, current is confined to solid elements and compounds specifically designed for their switching and amplification.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "solid phase sensor" refers to a sensor entirely constructed from solid phase material. Thereby, contrary to the gas exchange or electromechanical sensor, the electrons or other charge carriers generated according to the measured amount remain in the actual volume of the detector as a whole. Pure solid phase sensors have no moving parts and are different from electromechanical transducers or actuators whose mechanical motion occurs in proportion to the measured amount.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "storage medium" refers to any form of storage that can be used to store pieces of information. Storage examples include both volatile and non-volatile memory, eg MRRAM, MRRAM, ERAM, flash memory, RFID tags, floppy disks, Zip.^TMExamples include discs, CD-ROMs, CD-Rs, CD-RWs, DVDs, DVD-Rs, flash memories, hard disks, optical disks, and the like. Two or more storage media that act similarly on one data storage medium may be referred to as "storage media" for the purposes of the present invention. The storage medium can be part of a computer.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "transmission control protocol (TCP)" refers to one of the core protocols of the Internet Protocol Suite. TCP is so central that the entire suite is often referred to as "TCP / IP." IP operates at a higher level and handles two end systems (eg, web browsers and web servers), while IP handles lower level transmissions from computer to computer as messages travel across the Internet. ) Only relevant. In particular, TCP provides reliable and regular transmission of a byte stream from one program on one computer to another on another computer. In addition to the web, other common TCP applications include email and file transfer. Between its administrative tasks, TCP controls message size, the rate at which messages are exchanged, and network traffic congestion.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "time" is a measurement system used to arrange events, compare the length of events and the intervals between them, and quantify the motion of an object. Refers to the components of. Time is considered one of the few basic quantities and is used to define quantities such as velocity. Operational definition of time (where, observation of a certain number of iterations of one or another standard circular event (such as the passage of a freely swinging pendulum) is one standard unit (eg, a second). Has high utility value in both advanced experimental and daily activities. Time measurement attracted scientists and engineers and was the number one motivation in navigation and astronomy. Periodic events and movements have long served as a standard for units of time. Examples include the apparent movement of the sun across the sky, the phase of the moon, the swing of the pendulum, and the beating of the heart. Currently, the international unit of time, seconds, is defined based on the radiation emitted by the cesium atom.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "time data" refers to time-related data. Time data can be associated with other types of data (eg, behavioral data). For example, the motion data may have associated time data such as when the motion is started, when the motion is stopped, during the motion, and so on. Time data can occur in many of the methods in the present invention. For example, time data can be generated by: a clock that is part of a radiation sensor device, a hardware or software clock that is part of a processor that is part of a radiation sensor device, a computer that processes data from a radiation sensor. Hardware or software clocks that are part of.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "timestamp" refers to an array of characters indicating the day and / or time at which a particular event occurred. This data is usually presented in a consistent format, allowing easy comparison of two different records and tracking progress over time; the act of recording time stamps in a consistent format with real data is time stamping. Is called. Typically, a time stamp is used to record the event, in which case each event in the log is time stamped. In a file system, a time stamp can mean the retention date / time of a file's creation or modification. The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) defines ISO 8601 and standardizes time stamps.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "type of movement" refers to the type of movement by all or part of an individual's body. For example, walking movements by an individual can result in one type of movement, and a second type of movement, the pendulum movement of the individual's wrist. Running motion by an individual is also a type of motion, and a second type of motion, i.e., a periodic motion on the wrist of the individual behind in a direction detected by one or more motion sensors. Can occur. The movement of a powered vehicle is another type of movement, and the secondary and tertiary types of movement, namely the forward movement of the vehicle, the vibration oscillation of the vehicle and the individual in the vehicle, and the operation of the vehicle. Periodic movements of the individual's body during normal strokes can occur. Lack of motion is also considered as a type of motion, and is designed, for example, to remove the dosimeter from an individual party and act it in a desk, on a table, or as a dosimeter holder. It may be due to placement on a fixed structure.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "visual display device" or "visual display device" is used to print out images such as CRT monitors, LCD screens, LEDs, projector displays, photographs and / or text. Includes any type of visual display device or device, such as a printer. Visual display devices include computer monitors, televisions, projectors, phones, mobile phones, smartphones, laptop computers, tablet computers, handheld music and / or video players, personal digital assistants (PDAs), handheld game players, head mount displays, heads. It is part of another device such as an up-display (HUD), global positioning system (GPS) receiver, automated navigation system, dashboard, watch, microwave oven, electronic organ, automatic cash depository (ATM), etc. You may.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "web service" is defined by the W3C as "a software system designed to support machine-to-machine interactions that are interoperable over a network." Often, a web service is just a web API, which can be accessed over a network (eg, the Internet) and run on a remote system hosting the requested service. The definition of W3C web services includes many different systems, but in general usage, the term refers to clients and servers that communicate using XML messages according to the SOAP standard. In such systems, there are often machine-readable descriptions of operations given by services written in the Web Services Description Language (WSDL). The latter is not a SOAP endpoint requirement, but it is a lot of Java and .NET A prerequisite for automated client-side code generation in the SOAP framework. Some industry associations (eg WS-I) mandate both SOAP and WSDL in their definition of web services. More recently, RESTful web services have been used with better integration with HTTP compared to SOAP-based services. They do not require XML messages or WSDL services-API definitions.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "wide area network (WAN)" covers a relatively large geographical area (ie, one city to another, and one country to another) and is common. A data communication network that often uses transmission facilities provided by carriers (eg, telephone companies). In general, WAN technology works at the lower three layers of the OSI reference model: the physical layer, the data link layer, and the network layer.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "set work period" refers to the period of time a person is scheduled at work.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)" refers to the major international standards bodies for the World Wide Web (WWW or W3 for short). It is set up as a consortium in which member organizations retain full-time staff for the purpose of working together in the development of standards for the World Wide Web. The W3C also engages in education and service activities, develops software, and acts as an open forum for discussions about the Web. W3C standards include: CSS, CGI, DOM, GRDDL, HTML, OWL, RDF, SVG, SISR, SOAP, SMIL, SRGS, SSML, VoiceXML, XHTML + Voice, WSDL, XACML, XHTML, XML, XML Events , Xforms, XML Information, Set, XML Schema, Xpath, Xquery and XSLT.

For the purposes of the present invention, the term "ZigBee" refers to a specification for a set of high-level communication protocols used to create a personal area network constructed from small, low-power digital wireless. ZigBee is IEEE Based on the 802 standard. Low-power ZigBee devices often transmit data over longer distances by passing data through intermediate devices to reach farther, reaching mesh networks: that is, all networked devices. Create a network without centralized control or high power transmitter / receiver to get. The decentralization of such wireless ad hoc networks makes them suitable for applications where the central node is unreliable. ZigBee can be used in applications that require low data speeds, long battery life, and secure networking. ZigBee has a defined speed of 250 kbit / s, which is ideal for the transmission of periodic or intermittent data or a single signal from a sensor or input device. Applications include wireless light switches, electric meters with home displays, traffic management systems, and other consumer and industrial equipment that require short-range wireless transmission of data at relatively low speeds. The technology specified by the ZigBee specification is intended to be simpler and cheaper than other WPANs (eg Bluetooth® or Wi-Fi). The Zigbee network is protected by a 128-bit encryption key.

(Description) Existing passive integrated radiation monitoring devices (eg, film, TLD or OSL sensors) do not require any power and incident radiation is accumulated and stored within the molecular structure of the sensor. This property makes passive sensors ideal for situations where the risk of power failure is unacceptable. Generally, a plurality of radiation sensors are installed in a holder containing one or more filters. This filter changes the amount, energy and type of radiation that can reach the sensor. Typically, these filters sandwich the sensor so that radiation can get an accurate assessment as it enters the dosimeter from different angles of incidence. To analyze the sensors, they are removed from between these filters and holders and physically into the processing system required to elicit the quantitative properties exhibited by the sensor after exposure to radiation. Must be presented.

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) -based radiometers use an optical path so that excited rays can illuminate the OSL sensor (s), and the resulting radiation-induced luminescence can be the same or an alternative path. It passes back to the photodetector (eg, photoelectron multiplier) and quantifies the amount of luminescence light. For more information on OSL materials and systems, see US Pat. No. 5,731,590 issued to Miller; US Pat. No. 6,846,434 issued to Akselrod; US Pat. No. 6,198,108 issued to Schweitzer et al.; Yoder U.S. Pat. No. 6,127,685 issued to et al .; see U.S. Patent Application No. 10 / 768,094 filed by Akselrod et al .; all of which are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety. Optically Stimulated Luminescence Dosimetry, Lars Botter-Jensen et al., Elesevier, 2003; Klemic, G., Bailey, P., Miller, K., Montetti, M., External radiation dosimetry in the aftermath of radiological terrorist event, Rad. Prot. Dosim, in print; Akselrod, MS, Kortov, VS and Gorelova , EA, Al₂O₃: Preparation and properties of Al2O3: C, Radiat. Prot. Dosim., 1993, Vol. 47, pp. 159-164; and Akselrod, MS, Lucas, AC, Polf, JC, McKeever , SWS, Al₂O₃See also Optically stimulated luminescence of Al2O3: C, Radiation Measurements, 1998, Vol. 29, No. (3-4), pp. 391-399. All of these are incorporated herein by reference in their entirety.

The personal dosimeter is expected to move in relation to the source of exposure during working hours (monitoring period) as the individual (participant) wearing the dosimeter moves during the normal process of performing the monitored activity. To. A dosimeter that remains stationary or static for an extended period of time cannot be in use, and if the dosimeter was in use during the monitoring period, the parties are out of follow.

In addition, when the dosimeter is exposed in a stationary state, it is the anomalous occupational exposure that is occurring, for example in the absence of the parties. However, when exposed during normal operation, it provides a basis for routine occupational exposure, as opposed to abnormal ones.

In one embodiment, the invention presents a plurality of sensor devices (one or more passive integrated electronic radiation sensors, MEMS accelerometers, wireless transmitters, and optionally GPS or other positional or locational). Ionizing radiation for the calculation of doses from devices, thermistas, or other chemistry, biology, or EMF sensors, and events (eg, personal dose equivalents), and for use in occupational and environmental dosimetry. Provided are devices and systems consisting of computer algorithms and programs for simultaneous detection of motion and terrestrial position and wireless transmission. The present invention provides a self-contained passive integrated dosimeter that constitutes a unique record of event intensity, location, event time, temperature and other specialized sensor data (eg, biological or chemical measurements). A new embodiment of an existing sensor in a unique new product that uses new processes and algorithms to create.

Thus, the disclosed aspects of the invention are MEMS and nano for encapsulating individual ionizing radiation sensor elements within a radiation damping material, which provides a "filtration bubble" around the sensor element. Technology Provides the use of manufacturing technology, the use of multiple damping materials (filters) around multiple sensor elements, and the use of softway algorithms to discriminate between different types of ionizing radiation and different radiation energies.

In one embodiment, the invention presents the concept of "exposure event" or "dose event" as a correlation between the measurement of a hazardous material source (eg, a radiation source, a hazardous chemical, or a biological agent) and time and space. Is used. In one embodiment, the invention provides methods and devices for determining motion activity events by analyzing motion, time and dose information collected during exposure events.

In one embodiment of the invention, the motion activity (motion data) is the displacement output from the accelerometer, or, if necessary, the rotational displacement output from the gyroscope, or, if necessary, the power signature from the energy harvester, or It is obtained by analysis of other sensors that produce a main signal whose amplitude fluctuates as a function of motion as needed.

In one embodiment of the invention, location information (location data) is from a wireless communication system (eg, a wireless base station or hub) or, if desired, another wireless device (eg, Bluetooth location) that communicates spatial location information. Obtained from the Beacon) or, as needed, from the Global Positioning System (GPS).

In one embodiment of the invention, the exposure information is obtained from one or more sensors and is non-ionizing radiation (eg UV or infrared light), ionizing radiation (eg beta radiation, X-rays or gamma rays). , Chemicals (eg, hazardous liquids or gases), or biological agents (eg, infectious bacteria, viruses, molds, or other types such as fungi or pathogens).

In one embodiment of the invention, time information is obtained from an onboard clock.

In one embodiment of the invention, additional information useful for characterizing exposure events can be obtained from other onboard sensors (eg, temperature, pressure or humidity sensors).

As shown in FIG. 1, an exemplary sensor array 100, including MEMS and nanotechnology manufacturing techniques, is used to create a configuration that encapsulates a radiation damping material around each nanoscale radiation sensor. As shown, a plurality of ionizing radiation sensors 102 are provided and can be configured to be integrated on an electronic chip circuit, for example, as described below. The ionizing radiation sensor 102 may include solid phase sensor technology including the detection surface 114 of the sensor.

The ionizing radiation sensor 102 may be located within a modular sensor array 204 (including one or more radiation sensors 102) and, for example, on a printed circuit board (PCB) as described below. Can be equipped with.

FIG. 1 illustrates a first sensor 104, which is in, for example, a filter material (eg, specific radiation attenuation material 108) or a "filtration bubble" 110 (eg, having a predetermined thickness). It is encapsulated. Up to "n" sensors 106 can be manufactured and encapsulated within up to "n" different filtration bubbles 112, where each filtration bubble is of similar or different material or similar. Or can consist of different material thicknesses. In this example, the filtration bubble 108 corresponds to the sensor 106, which is either surrounded by or encapsulated by the filtration bubble 108. In some preferred embodiments, the filtration bubble may include a spherical arrangement, or a straight or other arrangement to cover the sensor to provide an optimal angular response, where the sensor response is radiation. Independent of the angle of incidence or other measurements of the sensor 106, the output of the sensor 106 is the same at any angle (ie, the filter is set to produce a "flat" response at any angle). The material of the filtration bubble may include a thin metal layer, such as copper, tin, aluminum, tungsten and the like. Filtration bubbles can be characteristically composed of a radiation attenuating material (s), which can remove, for example, alpha particles and beta radiation by filtration. The filter material (eg, specific radiation damping material 108) or "filtration bubble" provides the optimum angular response, where the sensor response is independent of the angle of incidence (or other measure) of the radiation. That is, the output of the sensor 106 is the same (or "flat") at all angles.

A further aspect of the disclosed invention is the operation, terrestrial position, radiation exposure and process (eg, eg) to correlate the operation of the detector and the position of the detector on the earth with the level of radiation exposure over time. Provides the use of MEMS and nanotechnology sensors to simultaneously detect (use of software algorithms). Therefore, the features of the disclosed embodiments enable at least the following advantages: (1) Provide a correlation between radiation exposure level and detector time, operation, and global position, and how exposure is. To provide unique and useful information about what happened; (2) an external electrical device (eg, a mobile smart device (eg, a mobile smart device)) via an onboard positioning sensor (eg, a GPS sensor) or connected to an internal GPS sensor. , Smartphones)), or by estimation from the mesh of networked devices, to be able to detect the position on the earth; (3) time, behavior when the detected exposure exceeds the threshold level. , And to provide usability so that the position on the earth can be recorded as needed.

The hardware components of the disclosed invention are further illustrated in FIG. Here, the module sensors are integrated on a single chip or electronic board 202 (eg PCB), thereby forming the integrated sensor module 200. The integrated sensor module 200 is configured to collect radiation data and eventually send this data to a remote location (eg, a wireless base station, or other wireless communication device). The integrated sensor module 200 is designed to be an independent sensor system, which can be incorporated into devices of many different types of elements. Due to the small size and self-sufficiency of the integrated sensor module 200, a wide range of devices (eg badges, name tags, key holders, bracelets, watches, portable electronic devices, MP3 players, pocket bells, mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, etc. Integrated into tablets, glasses, clothing, wallets, coin purses, or jewelery).

The primary sensor array 220 can be a single sensor, a linear array of sensors, or a matrix of sensors, forming, for example, the primary or modular sensor array 204 adopted from the sensor array 100 of FIG. Therefore, the module sensor array 204 may utilize only the first sensor # 1 (212). Alternatively, the module sensor array 204 may include n rows, such as from first sensor # 1 (212) to sensor # n (214). Alternatively and / or in addition, the module sensor array 204 may include m rows such as first sensor # 1 (212) to sensor # m (216). Therefore, with n rows and m columns, the module sensor array 204 can extend from the first sensor # 1 (212) to the sensors # m, n (218).

Although the ionizing radiation sensor 102 encapsulated within the "filtration bubble" 108 is shown for illustration purposes, those skilled in the art will find that the primary sensor array 220 is another suitable type of sensor (eg, non-ionizing). It is also easy to understand that radiation can consist of harmful chemicals, or other biochemicals). Also, alternative embodiments of the disclosed invention may include chemical or other sensors in addition to the ionizing radiation sensor 102 and / or as an alternative to the ionizing radiation sensor 102. The present invention describes an integrated sensor module 200 that provides unique information about the location and operation of the sensor when a measurement is obtained. The modular nature of the platforms and devices described allows the use of other individual sensors or the selection and use of sensors as a variable combination to suit the needs of potential end users. Become. Modularity is achieved by developing the measurement device as a compatible module that can be coupled to a central processing unit (CPU) that handles time, operation, location, and temperature collection and communication.

The primary sensor array 220 may be integrated with the motion and terrestrial position sensor package. The motion and terrestrial position sensor package 206 consists of a single 3-axis MEMS-based accelerometer 222, which is exposed to primary data while the device is stationary or moving during continuous measurements. Determine if Primary data exposure is a radiation event recorded by the primary sensor array 220. The Motion and Earth Position Sensor Package 206 will consist of the Global Positioning System (GPS) radio 223, which is a wireless-enabled mobile device with and / or connected to the onboard GPS radio 223 (eg GPS sensing). Its location is determined by an estimate (such as a smartphone or tablet with) or through a mesh of networked devices. To minimize the power consumption of the mains, the device preferentially locates by GPS sensors with the lowest power means available for it. Approximately by firstly connected wireless mobile devices with GPS capability, secondly by on-board GPS sensors, and thirdly through the mesh of networked devices.

Although one type of motion and world positioning sensor package is shown in the integrated modular sensor of FIG. 2, other types of motion and world positioning sensor packages can be used in the present invention. For example, motion and world positioning sensor packages may include additional types of motion sensors in addition to or in place of accelerometers.

A wireless system-on-chip (SOC) module 208 is configured for the integrated sensor module 200. The wireless SOC module 208 is an integrated package consisting of a central processing unit and a wireless transceiver. Incorporating wireless transceivers into CPU chips in SOC configurations can reduce footprint and energy consumption. The wireless SOC module 208 enables wireless transmission from the integrated sensor module 200, for example, to the wireless receiver of another electronic device for electronic communication purposes (s). Such communication capabilities aid, for example, the effort to determine if the integrated sensor module 200 is within range of the electronic device, as further described below.

The power harvester 210 will consist of one or more energy extraction devices. The power harvester 210 is integrated into the integrated sensor module 200 and is connected to the battery. The power harvester 210 collects energy through the operation and / or movement of the integrated sensor module 200 and ambient light to recharge the battery that powers the electronic board 202. Therefore, the present invention will actively consume power as it operates and actively communicates with external wireless capable devices. The Power Harvester 210 leverages existing work within the MEMS device to convert periodic (resonant) vibration mechanical movements into electrical energy to extend the battery and power the integrated sensor module 200 during execution of the radiation measurement sensor capability. Supply.

Through extensive historical data on dose levels of individual monitoring radiation detectors, it was determined that 95% of users were receiving doses at normal occupational exposure levels. If necessary, by collecting movements and positions only if the detected exposure exceeds a preset threshold. The power consumption of the device can be significantly reduced. The combination of primary exposure data, time, movement, and location creates a unique dataset, which can provide information about the location of radiation fields and the user's behavior in these fields.

The disclosed embodiments of the invention use ultra-low power wireless transmission to transmit measured sensor readings from an integrated sensor module 200 to a wireless capable mobile device (eg, smartphone or tablet device), as well as wired or wireless. Allows the transmission of this information to Internet-based servers over the data network.

The uniquely constructed electronic module configuration of the disclosed invention offers several advantages. The filter material is mechanically pressed into a spherical shape, and the resulting "filtration bubble" 110 is mechanically pressed into a circuit board containing the ionizing radiation sensor element 102. The disclosed embodiments of the present invention define a proprietary software algorithm (detailed below) to allow discrimination between different types of ionizing radiation and different radiation energies. This allows a unique customization of the energy identification filtration scheme to improve the accuracy and energy resolution of ionizing radiation measurements using passive radiation detectors.

The radiation attenuating material 108 is used to modify the response of the non-tissue equivalent sensor to allow a variety of responses to a wide range of radiation qualities. The modified response can then be used by an algorithm to derive a tissue equivalent dose. Macrofilters currently used in conventional sensor devices have some drawbacks, which limit the effectiveness of the algorithm by introducing uncontrolled variation. Encapsulating a radiation sensor with a "filtration bubble" 110 using MEMS and nanotechnology manufacturing processes offers several advantages over traditional macrofilters, which eliminates uncontrolled fluctuations. Helps to do. The use of dense MEMS and nanotechnology manufacturing processes allows for filter separation, filter thickness, and elimination of macroscale variations in filter location. Filtration bubble 110 eliminates macroscale problems with filtration angle dependence. The filtration bubble 110 also provides a protective layer over the sensitive and fragile sensor 102. The use of multiple damping materials 108 around multiple sensors 102 with the use of the Softway algorithm allows for increased levels of fine discrimination between the types of ionizing radiation and radiation energy.

A further advantage of the described embodiments of the present invention is the simultaneous detection of radiation and other exposures, temperatures, times, movements, and terrestrial positions in combination with the Softway algorithm adopted for the correlation of exposure levels. To use MEMS and nanotechnology sensors. Detection occurs using the time, movement, and position on earth of the integrated sensor module 200, where the integrated sensor module 200 provides unique and useful information about how the exposure occurred. The use of modular exposure sensors allows the detection and analysis of exposure to a wide range of phenomena, including, for example, radiation, chemical, biological and electromagnetic exposure sources. The use of time, movement, and position further allows the determination of whether the integrated sensor module 200 has moved during an exposure event (eg, static vs. dynamic exposure) and when and where the exposure occurred. The present invention replaces the computationally intensive and time-consuming post-processing and analysis currently used by conventional sensor devices for determining static vs. dynamic exposure. The present invention also provides novel time, location, and other information that can be used to accurately characterize the source and nature of exposure. This ability can be particularly important / useful in occupational dosimetry. The disclosed embodiment of including a temperature sensor allows correction of measurements for temperature-based variability.

In addition, the present invention provides the capabilities of conventional stand-alone dosimeters by allowing the collected data to be sent centrally for processing and redistribution, as shown in FIG. And extend the application. FIG. 3 illustrates a remote sensor network 300 according to an exemplary embodiment of the present invention. The integrated sensor module 200 is integrated into the dosimeter badge 310. The dosimeter badge 310 includes, for example, the disclosed electronics packaging illustrated as a package, which includes the integrated sensor module 200, battery and cover of the present invention. The integrated sensor module 200 collects radiation data and eventually sends the data to a remote location (eg, wireless base station) or other wireless communication device (eg, mobile communication device 308). The remote sensor chip of the integrated sensor module 200 can be used to transmit data. In this case, the data may be transmitted via a non-specific wireless transmission communication protocol 312, such as Bluetooth®, ZigBee, ANT, or other standard Wi-Fi protocol.

Examples of the mobile communication device 308 may include, for example, a smartphone, tablet, or mobile hotspot, or it may be a non-mobile network device such as a dedicated base station. The mobile communication device 308 may be configured to include a wireless transmitter and receiver 316, a data network interface 318, and a GPS 320. The wireless SOC module 208 of the integrated sensor module 200 is configured to communicate with the wireless transmitter and receiver 316. The wireless transmitter and receiver can be a low power wireless network interface for the mobile communication device 308. The network interface allows the mobile communication device 308 to communicate with the SOC module 208 and download the collected data. The communication facilitates the determination of whether the mobile communication device 308 is within range of the integrated sensor module 200.

The mobile communication device 308 may also be configured to include a data network interface 318. The data network interface 318 allows the mobile communication device 308 to communicate with another wide area wireless network 306 via, for example, the data network transmit communication protocol 314. Examples of data network transmit communication protocols 314 may include Wifi, GSM / EDGE, CDMA, UTMS / HSPA +, LTE or other high speed wireless data communication networks. Thus, in an exemplary embodiment, Bluetooth® can be used to communicate between the dose measurement badge 310 and the mobile communication device 308 (eg, via wireless transmit communication protocol 312), and is remote. It uses LTE to communicate between mobile communication devices 308 and wireless networks 306 in facilities (eg, hospitals or laboratories) (eg, via data network transmit communication protocol 314). In this example, the local network can be represented by wireless network 306, and the public network can be represented by public data network 302. For example, by communicating through the public data network 302, the remote facility (eg, a hospital or laboratory) may reach, access and / or process the information stored on the distributed data server 804.

The GPS 320 allows the mobile communication device 308 to locate a radiation event. The GPS 320 radio in the mobile communication device 308 provides an alternative means of locating the integrated sensor module 200. When the integrated sensor module 200 is paired with the mobile communication device 308, the GPS sensor 320 may be preferentially used to determine its position and its own power consumption may be minimized.

The wireless network 306 is configured to communicate with a public data network (eg, the Internet) 302. The remote data server 304 is configured to communicate with a public data network (eg, the Internet) 302.

Using the electronic data transmission link formed between the mobile communication device 308 and the remote data server 304, the integrated sensor module 200 can transfer the measured data, for example, to the ultra-low power wireless compatible mobile communication device 308 (eg, for example). To communicate the collected information to a central web server on a smartphone, tablet, or other mobile or non-mobile network device), leveraging the existing data or cellular network of the mobile device, and, if necessary, mobile It may be transmitted to use the communication device GPS or to process the data collected using the mobile communication device CPU. Currently, stand-alone sensor devices have a limited power capacity, which must be saved as much as possible to extend battery life. Ultra-low power wireless communication minimizes device power consumption for regular updates. In addition, the use of external mobile communication devices also limits the complexity of the radiation sensor, as the main data or cellular communication antennas can consume significant power.

Therefore, by using the ultra-low power wireless transmission capability of the present invention, the transmission of measured sensor reads from the integrated sensor module 200 to a wireless-enabled mobile device 308 (eg, smartphone or tablet device), as well as through the wireless data network 306. This information is sent to the internet-based server 302. This allows the analysis and reporting of doses measured for individual detectors using the integrated sensor module 200 without the need to physically send the detector itself to the central part for reading and analysis. This reduces the cost and useful time for receiving data and performing critical analysis. Also, embodiments of the present invention allow a plurality of systems to receive a plurality of measured doses from a plurality of detectors having the integrated sensor module 200. The collection of sensor data from multiple systems allows for temporal analysis and visualization of exposure source and related population-based trends and geo-based mapping. An internet connection also allows remote update and troubleshooting of devices.

The disclosed embodiments of the present invention may include, for example, mounting the integrated sensor module 200 on a plurality of low cost semi-autonomous unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) (eg, low power RF helicopters). The flocking algorithm places the "flock" of the device where it can correlate with the location and dispersion of aerial radiation, chemicals or other phenomena while remaining in the flock, and with the dispersion of the aerial object where the flocking dispersion is tracked. Can be used for tracking.

Thus, in selected embodiments, the disclosed inventions to a mobile platform that may consist of multiple semi-autonomous UAVs to track the location and dispersion of aerial objects (radiation, chemicals, biological agents, electromagnetic fields, etc.). Allows integration of the integrated sensor module 200. The UAV integrated sensor can link between multiple UAVs and use a flocking algorithm to track the position and dispersion of airborne particles. Toward FIG. 4, an exemplary autonomous mobile sensor (AMS) network 400 is illustrated. As shown in FIG. 4, for example, depending on the predominant weather pattern, the aerial (or underwater) particles 402 tend to cluster and then disperse. Autonomous mobile sensors (AMS) 404, 406 that track the dispersed target particles 408, 410, respectively, are shown. The floating algorithm uses Sensor Force Fs (proportional to the measurements from the modular sensor array 204 on the UAV) and Flocking Force Ff (proportional to the distance to the adjacent UAV) for all UAVs 404, 406. The position of the UAV sensors 404, 406 is constantly optimized, and the positions of the target particles 408, 410 are best tracked. As a result, the dispersion of flocs also correlates with the dispersion of the tracked aerial material.

In another embodiment, the disclosed invention may include mounting the integrated sensor module 200 on multiple low cost semi-autonomous unmanned water system vehicles and, for example, tracking underwater particles. Also, the use of the floking algorithm described above can be used to link between multiple unmanned aquatic vehicles and to track the location and dispersion of any water-based radiation, chemical or other phenomenon. ..

The advantage of the disclosed invention is the first of MEMS and nanotechnology to create a passive integrated electron ionization radiation detector with active readout capability and wireless transmission of motion sensing and position sensing capability and sensor reading. Provide use of. Current active dosimeters require constant power to measure doses. In addition, current passive dosimeters do not provide immediate access to recorded dosimetry. Further, the active readout of the passive radiation sensor disclosed by the present invention provides immediate access to the dose information while preserving the dose information in case of power loss. The invention also describes an electronic platform for recording operation, temperature and position with modular environment sensors for monitoring a wide range of individuals and the environment.

An exemplary integrated sensor module logic flow 500 for the integrated sensor module 200 is shown in FIG. Command 502 to read the sensor is executed. Command 502 includes pre-reading the sensitive sensor 504 to determine if there is a new threshold dose 506 on the sensor.

In determining if there is a new threshold dose 506 on the sensor, the sensor is allowed to continuously accumulate dose values. When reading is performed on a specially configured high-sensitivity sensor (hereinafter referred to as "look-ahead" of the dosimeter), a cumulative value is generated. The previous dose value is subtracted from the cumulative value generated from the look-ahead to generate the delta (Δ) value. If the delta (Δ) value exceeds a predetermined dose threshold, a trigger measurement is made in step 508. If the delta (Δ) value does not exceed a predetermined dose threshold, a loopback function is performed to make continuous measurements over the period and read the sensor 502. The described embodiment continuously loops back to look ahead to the sensitive sensor 504 until a delta (delta) dose value above a predetermined dose threshold is detected. If a delta (delta) dose value above a given dose threshold is detected, the trigger measurement 508 will read 510 of the solid phase sensor array (see also Figure 6) and event data or exposure position in time. It is possible to read 512 (see also FIG. 7) at the same time.

One disclosed embodiment of the sensor read logic flow diagram is illustrated in FIG. The solid phase sensor array read 600 is a component of the disclosed invention that reads the entire sensor array. Reading from the sensitive sensor indicates that the minimum incremental dose threshold has been reached. Sensitive sensors are solely intended to indicate when a threshold dose has been exceeded. If the threshold dose is exceeded, all of the sensors can be read from a one-dimensional array, two-dimensional array or three-dimensional matrix. A one-dimensional array can simply be a sequence of sensors. The two-dimensional array can be a table of sensors or a matrix of sensors. The three-dimensional array can be a case where a plurality of two-dimensional arrays are stacked. There are multiple ways to read the readings from the sensor. We can read each sensor individually (602), or read along the entire row or column of the sensor (604), or sum the outputs from all sensors (606), or custom. The configuration can be read (eg, 4 sensors (eg, 16 sensors) in each quadrant if there are arrays of multiple sensors). Thus, the disclosed embodiments of the described invention provide a plurality of methods of reading a solid phase sensor array.

One disclosed embodiment of the sensor read logic flow diagram is illustrated in FIG. The solid phase sensor array read 600 is a component of the disclosed invention that reads the entire sensor array. In one example, the sensitive sensor can be attached to the badge. When the badge is exposed to ionizing radiation, the disclosed invention can read out all of the sensors needed to calculate the dose. The disclosed embodiments provide the ability to read individual, the entire array of sensors, and custom configurations of the sensors. Therefore, for various sensor configurations, the present invention can result in readings for individual sensors 602, such as one-dimensional arrays, including rows of sensors. In addition, or alternatively, a dimensional array of sensors, including, for example, a table of sensors or a matrix of sensors, can be read by the disclosed embodiments. Such an embodiment of the sensor configuration may include a two-dimensional array of sensors, for example, the array may include sensors in one or more rows, or one or more columns. The disclosed embodiments may also provide three-dimensional arrays, including, for example, one or more two-dimensional arrays stacked on top of each other. Thus, the disclosed embodiments read the sensors individually (602), eg, perform a two-dimensional read along the entire row or column of the sensor (604), or sum the total output from the entire sensor. It may be either output (606) or read for a custom configuration of the sensor (eg, 4 sensors (eg, 16 sensors) in each quadrant if there are arrays of multiple sensors). .. Thus, the disclosed embodiments of the described invention provide a plurality of methods of reading a solid phase sensor array.

The disclosed embodiments provide electronic sensing circuits that produce analog measurements. The analog measurement is preferably converted to a digital measurement using a standard analog-to-digital conversion circuit 610. From digital data, dose 612 is calculated by running the algorithm of the disclosed invention for calculating dose on a system-on-chip (SOC) (eg, via an arm processor). The calculated dose value is then recorded in data record 614, which can continuously generate all logs of reading.

In parallel with the solid phase sensor array read-out 600 of FIG. 6, the disclosed invention performs read-out 512 of event data or exposure position in time. The read logic flow 700 of the exposed position is shown in FIG. 7 and can be executed via a parallel circuit. The onboard MEMS accelerometer device 702 is loaded to determine if the sensor is moving. The location of the sensor (which can be considered a position in space with a particular level of particle size or spatial resolution) is then estimated in step 704. This can be done, for example, by reading a GPS sensor on the integrated sensor module, by using wireless communication to obtain a location from an external location beacon, or by using an onboard algorithm for estimating location (eg, by using an onboard algorithm to estimate the location). , By using a "dead reckoning" algorithm) or by communicating using a mobile device (eg, a mobile phone) (the GPS function of the mobile device is used to determine geospatial positioning). Alternatively, it can be done by estimating the location by triangulation between external location beacons or between other dosimeters.

In one embodiment of the invention that uses GPS, the GPS receiver of a mobile device locates by accurately adjusting the signals sent by GPS satellites. Each satellite sends messages intermittently. The message includes the time the message was sent and the position of the satellite at the time the message was sent. The GPS receiver uses the messages it receives, determines the transit time for each message, and uses the speed of light to calculate the distance to each satellite. Each of these distances and satellite locations defines a sphere. Receivers are present on the surface of each of these spheres, given the correct distance and satellite location. These distances and satellite locations are used to calculate receiver locations using navigation equations. In another embodiment, the position can be estimated by triangulating the position, such as from a known wireless hub with which the sensor communicates. Wireless triangulation is a method of locating points by measuring the signal strength between several nodes in a wireless network. A time stamp is generated in step 706 and the time the measurement was made is recorded. This measurement correlates with the behavior at the time the sensor is read (eg, the (702) point at which the onboard MEMS accelerometer device is read) and the position (eg, the estimated position of the sensor in step 704). The timestamp reading from step 706 can then be exported or recorded in the data log. Therefore, exposure events are stored in data records (708).

Returning to FIG. 5 again, the above outlines the occurrence of dose values 510 and exposure positions 512 in time in logs or recorded data records 614 and 708, respectively, to generate complete data records 514. The complete data record 514 is saved or updated in the record log, and the Send Timer is checked (516). The transmit timer determines when data should be uploaded to base station 802 or mobile communication device 308 based on a programmable time to send value. For example, if the dose exceeds a predetermined threshold, or if a predetermined time has elapsed, the dose value will be transmitted and recorded (522). If the transmit time value is not reached, the device returns to read 520.

Wireless transmission is initiated to initiate transmission of a signal from the sensor wireless SOC module 208 of the integrated sensor module 200, for example, to the wireless receiver 316 of the mobile communication device 308 (524). The sensor's wireless SOC module 208 looks for a handshake response from the wireless transmitter 316 of the mobile communication device 308 to determine if the device is within further communication. The wireless SOC module 208 of the integrated sensor module 200 may be configured to communicate with another electronic communication device (eg, base station 802), which determines if it is within range of the electronic communication device. If the receiver is in range and a response is received, the operation continues (528). If it is determined that the sensor is not within range, a "no" decision is made (526) and the operation returns to sensor reading (502) again. If it is determined that the sensor is within range, a "yes" decision was made (528), and the data record was sent, which updated the log and sent the data record (530). Show and record that the system has been updated. A continuous, endless number of reads can occur, or optionally within the integrated sensor module logic flow 500.

FIG. 8 illustrates an exemplary embodiment of the disclosed invention communicating with a wireless sensor base station configuration 800. One or more general purpose data servers may be connected to a public data network (eg, the Internet) to provide an event repository. Here, all of the event data is stored in one or more databases accessible via the Internet, and further data analysis may be performed. The Internet is sometimes referred to as the cloud, and access to data through the cloud for further analysis is sometimes referred to as cloud computing.

The dosimetry badge 310 is shown as a package containing (eg, a disclosed electronic package comprising an integrated sensor module 200 of the present invention, a battery and a cover). When using the algorithm (FIGS. 6 and 7), the integrated sensor module 200 is configured to send data to a wireless communication device (eg, wireless sensor base station 802). The dose measurement badge 310 is wireless sensor based via an unspecified wireless transmit communication protocol, including, for example, Bluetooth®, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), ZigBee, ANT, ANT + or other standard wireless communication protocols. Can communicate with station 802.

The wireless sensor base station 802 includes a wireless transmitter and receiver 816. The wireless SOC module 208 of the integrated sensor module 200 communicates with the wireless transmitter and receiver 816 to determine if the base station 802 is within range of the integrated sensor module 200 as described above, eg, in step 532 of FIG. decide. The wireless sensor base station 802 may also include a data network interface 818. The data network interface 818 allows the wireless sensor base station 802 to communicate with another wireless network, such as via the data network transmit communication protocol 314. Therefore, in an exemplary embodiment, Bluetooth® Low Energy (BLE) can be used to communicate between the dose measurement badge 310 and the wireless sensor base station 802 (eg, via the wireless transmit communication protocol 312), and Wi-Fi is used, the wireless sensor base station. It may communicate between 802 and wireless network 306 in remote facilities such as hospitals or laboratories (eg, via data network transmit communication protocol 314). In this example, the local network can be represented as wireless network 306, and the public network can be represented as public data network 302. For example, by communicating through the public data network 302, the remote facility described above (eg, a hospital or laboratory) may reach, access and / or process information located on the distributed data server 804.

In any configuration, the wireless sensor base station 802 may include an integrated sensor module 200. This configuration allows the wireless sensor base station 802 to act similarly as an event sensing device (eg, as an environment sensor).

As already mentioned, the disclosed embodiments of the present invention execute a unique numerically optimized dose calculation algorithm in embedded system software or, if necessary, on a cloud-based server. It can be used to allow the distinction between different types of ionizing radiation and different radiation energies. This allows the unique customization of the energy identification filtration scheme to improve the accuracy and energy resolution of ionizing radiation measurements using passive radiation detectors. The disclosed embodiments provide electronic sensing circuits that produce analog measurements. The analog measurement is preferably converted to a digital measurement using a standard analog-to-digital conversion circuit 610. From digital data, dose 612 is calculated by running the algorithm of the disclosed invention for calculating dose on a system-on-chip (SOC) (eg, via an arm processor). In a selective embodiment, for example, a machine-readable medium containing an instruction sequence may be used and the algorithm is applied to one or more electronic devices when executed by one or more processors. Have them perform a series of operations to do. The calculated dose value is then recorded in data record 614, which can continuously generate all logs of readings.

Therefore, embodiments of the present invention provide a numerically optimized dose calculation algorithm for an accurate and reliable personal dosimeter. The disclosed embodiment is a computer computing procedure for generating a numerically optimized dosimeter algorithm for a personal dosimeter using multiple dosimeter elements (typically 2-4 elements). Provided. Current embodiments describe how the methods of the invention convert dosimeter signals into working doses for individual dose equivalents (eg, Hp (10), Hp (3) and Hp (0.07)). I will provide a. Some advantages of the computer computing procedure of the disclosed invention include the ability to automatically generate numerically optimized algorithms, the absence of branching or empirical decisions, and fast computational speed.

Accurate and reliable measurement of individual dose equivalents is a key component of radiation dose measurement programs. Personal dose equivalents are typically measured over a wide range of energies and from different sources of radiation, including, for example, X-rays and gamma photons, beta particles and neutrons. To accurately estimate doses from different sources, some personal dosimeters incorporate multiple detector elements, each with different types of radiation filtration materials, and use dose calculation algorithms. Then, the personal dose equivalent is calculated from the numerical combination of the responses from each detector element.

One approach for calculating dose is to use a simple linear combination of detector element responses. While such an approach is straightforward and easy to implement, it is very sensitive to noise and often does not provide reliable estimates of dose under realistic conditions. Another approach is to use empirically determined branches and decision points. According to typical embodiments, this approach is relatively easy to implement and improves performance under some conditions, but empirical decisions are specific to a particular condition and often Susceptible to systematic bias. Techniques for applying both linear combinations and bifurcation methods for radiation dose measurements include, for example, N. Stanford (eg, N. Stanford, Whole Body Dose Algorithm for the Landauer InLight Next Generation Dosimeter, Algorithm Revision: Next). Gen IEC; Sept. 13, 2010 and N. Developed by Stanford, Whole Body Dose Algorithm for the Landauer InLight Next Generation Dosimeter, Algorithm Revision: Next Gen NVLAP; see Sept. 27, 2010).

The present invention is a computer for automatically generating a dose calculation algorithm that is numerically optimized for a matrix (ie, a particular combination of dosimeter detector elements and filters). Calculation procedure) is provided. To minimize systematic deviations, the disclosed embodiment (ie, matrix) calculates a weighted average from representative data, resulting in either a radiation field, a detector, or a ratio of detector signals. Does not control the dose obtained. The following describes the computer calculation procedure used to generate a numerically optimized dose calculation algorithm for a personal dosimeter using a matrix of element responses obtained from measurements of that dosimeter type.

For example, when using a personal dosimeter consisting of multiple filtered detector elements, the detection signal from each detector element is called the element response, and the array of element responses from a given dosimeter is detected. It is called the element response pattern of the vessel. For a given dosimeter type, the matrix resulting from multiple detector element responses at different but known irradiations is called the element response matrix.

The element response matrix is made by exposing the dosimeter to known irradiation at different angles and to a mixture of individual or multiple sources, and then reading the element response from each detector element. The element response pattern from the unknown irradiation dosimeter is then compared to the pattern in the element response matrix, and the dose is calculated for each source in the response matrix. The final reported dose is the sum of all individual source doses weighted by the Source Probability Factor. The source probability factor is a measure of how closely the element response patterns of an unknown dosimeter fit into the individual element response patterns of a known source.

The steps in the disclosed embodiments, namely the matrix computer calculation procedure 900, are summarized in Table 1 of FIG. 9, and each computer calculation procedure is described in the corresponding section below.

In step 902, the dosimeter element response and the corresponding dosimeter response matrix of that type of dosimeter are entered and then the conversion values are calculated. For dosimeters that use optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), such as LANDAUER's InLight® dosimeter, the dosimeter element response corresponds to the photomultiplier tube count from the InLight® reader. .. The conversion value is calculated from the PMT count value as shown in Equation 1.

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The response matrix corresponding to the dosimeter type can be read from computer storage. In one disclosure example (for example, for a LANDAUER InLight® dosimeter), the response matrix shows the source, the individual element response, the deep dose equivalent (DDE) conversion factor, and the standard deviation of the response. Includes entries (variables) to describe.

The choice of response matrix may be based on empirically derived rules. The range of sources in the response matrix is limited for optimal performance in an application. This technique can cause systematic errors if the irradiation conditions are outside the selected range. Implementations of the disclosed embodiments using selective cuts are described, for example, in Brahim Moreno, LDR-Europe Technical Report on a Hybrid MATRIX-Branching dose calculation algorithm, 2013.

Next, a dose calculation can be performed. Once the set of measured conversion values is obtained, the first step is to calculate G1-4 for each field in the response matrix. It should be noted that the value of G for a given field indicates what the SDE would be if the given field fits into the actual incident field for the dosimeter.

The expected value of SDE for a given field can be a simple average of G across the detector elements. However, this is inadequate for some incident radiation fields, as some detectors can have signals with high levels of uncertainty. It can be seen that this applies to the incidence of 85 Kr β rays on the detector at filtration with a density thickness greater than 0.1 g / cc. Because this field is slightly transparent, the signals received from the filtered element are too low for the noise level and the dose cannot be calculated using them.

A method for calculating dose using only detectors with good signals is to weight the signal of each detector with a coefficient that is inversely proportional to the expected uncertainty, and then perform a weighted average across the detectors. Is. The first set is to define the expected degree of uncertainty. Assume that the entries in each response matrix are determined from the data for which the count statistics were negligible (high dose). This error is a combination of uncertainty due to irradiation, readout, handling, and material variability. This combined error is computer-calculated as the standard deviation (symbolized by σ) of the data used to generate the response matrix.

The expected value of SDE for field j is

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Represented by. The total uncertainty for the i-th detector element and the j-th radiation field

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Symbolized by.

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The goodness of fit statistic for one radiation field j is expressed by Equation 3.

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The weighting factor for field j is expressed by Equation 4.

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When a weighting factor is assigned to each field in the response matrix, the reported SDE value, Grep, is calculated. This is each radiation field throughout the response matrix

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It is carried out by taking a polymerization meter of the expected value of. This is expressed in Equation 5, where the summing is done over a response matrix of N fields.

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Quantification of the similarity between the response pattern of a set of measured transformations and the fields in the response matrix can be derived using any optimization technique. Equations 3-4 are χ²Based on minimization. Source-specific statistics and weighting factors are empirical measures of how well a set of measured transformation patterns fit with the patterns found in the response matrix.

In step 904, the error condition is checked. In this step, common error conditions are checked, and if detected, the appropriate error conditions are set. No dose is reported if critical error conditions are detected.

In step 906, the dose value is calculated for each source in the response matrix. In this step, weights for Hp (0.07) and Hp (10) are calculated for each element to form a response pattern for this dosimeter. The goodness-of-fit statistics are then calculated, and then the source weighting factors are determined.

In step 908, the disclosed embodiment calculates the total reportable dose. In this step, the weights for Hp (0.07) and Hp (10) for each element are summed, and then the source weighting factors for each element are summed. Reportable Hp (0.07) and Hp (10) doses are calculated.

At step 910, the most probable source of radiation is estimated. In this step, the potential contribution of each source in the response matrix is estimated. In the algorithm of this disclosure, the potential contribution of photons and beta particles is estimated.

In step 912, the final (net) dose value is calculated. In this step, the net dose is calculated by subtracting the control dose from the already calculated dose. Only net doses greater than 1.0 mrem are reported.

In step 914, the net dose value is output, for example, from memory to the storage device. In this step, the net dose is assigned to a particular dosimeter using the unique identification values stored in the dosimeter information database. The calculated net dose in computer memory is stored in the database (or exported to an external data file as needed). The results can be formatted and allow the generation of dose-of-recoed customer dose reports as required by regional, national or international regulations.

FIG. 10 shows Flowchart 1000 of the disclosed computer calculation procedure for using an algorithm for performing numerically optimized radiation dose calculations for personal dosimeters. Information / data from dosimeter readings 1004, background radiation dose 1006 and response matrix 1008 can be read and input from computer storage 1002 (eg computer disk) and stored in machine readable media (eg memory 1010). obtain. The machine-readable medium or memory 1010 may store an instruction sequence, for example, because one or more electronic devices perform the disclosed computer algorithms when executed by one or more processors. It is possible to perform a series of operations of. The disclosed computer algorithms are useful in that they can process raw data (eg, dosemeter readings 1004, background radiation dose 1006, and response matrix 1008) and further write it to computer storage 1016 (eg, computer disk). The information can be configured to be displayed as needed.

After the raw data is received in memory 1010, in the disclosed embodiments, error conditions are checked (1012). Common error conditions are checked, and when detected, the errors are flagged (1014), and all errors can be tracked / tabulated on computer storage 1016. In the absence of error (1018), the raw data is processed by the disclosed computer algorithm 1020. Computer algorithm 1020 begins by applying a mathematical algorithm with a predetermined numerical procedure for optimizing the response matrix. This may include the calculation of expected source doses using data matching procedures. The input values are the conversion value and the source response. Response matrix weighting factors can be calculated using goodness-of-fit statistics. The weighting factor is how much each source contributes to the final dose. The optimization technique can be selected based on predetermined performance criteria. The dose contribution can be calculated from the product of the weighting factors, the expected source dose, and the dose conversion factors for individual dose equivalents (eg, Hp (10 mm), HP (0.07 mm) and Hp (3 mm)).

Once the optimal goodness of fit is found / determined, the reportable dose is calculated by summing the dose contributions for each source output dose (1022). Radiation quality is assessed by summing the source energy and weighting factors integrated by particle identification (1024). The quality can be written to computer storage such as computer storage 1016 (1028). Net dose is calculated by subtracting the reportable dose and background dose. Net doses can be written to computer storage, such as computer storage 1016 (1030).

The growing demand for wearable electronic devices such as patient monitoring and wearable consumer products in healthcare applications has led to a sharp increase in interest in energy harvesting from human movements.^13、14.. However, human vibration and motion energies are generally concentrated below 10 Hz, which can cause difficulties. This is because lower frequency sources are more difficult to design due to the need for either a more compliant spring or a larger mass.

The present invention uses energy harvesting with a micromechanical system (MEMS) and a photovoltaic system to recharge the built-in battery and extend the operating life of the integrated sensor module 200. An embodiment of the disclosed invention previously used a MEMS device in an integrated sensor module 200 to convert mechanical motion due to resonance and vibration into electrical energy and a photovoltaic cell to convert ambient lighting into electrical energy. It also expands research. The present invention uses MEMS to convert random mechanical energy of human motion into electrical energy, a photoelectromotive device to convert ambient light into electrical energy, and both in the battery of the device. you can store, later integrated Sensamoji can be used to power the sensor of Yuru 200. MEMS-based energy harvesting can be achieved with piezoelectric devices, electrostatic devices, or static magnetic devices. The disclosed embodiments can detect vibration and kinetic energies that generally concentrate below 10 Hz. Further, the disclosed embodiment provides a power harvester that converts mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy, wherein the resonant excitation of the power harvester has a frequency range of about 6-8 Hz.

The chosen embodiment may employ the ability to adjust the energy harvester to maximize the energy collected for a particular application. For example, the above may include the use of magnets and coils in mechanical energy harvesting designs, and has the ability to adjust the size of the coils, the size and strength of the magnets, and the like. Piezoelectric energy harvesters convert the mechanical strain of vibration into electrical energy. Electrostatic energy harvesters collect energy from the changing capacitance of a vibrating, separated, charged parallel plate capacitor. A static energy harvester collects energy through the motion of a magnet near the electric coil so that the changing magnetic field of the moving magnet induces an electric current in the electric coil. Photovoltaic energy harvesters are based on solar cells that convert sunlight or indoor ambient light into electric current.

Converting heat (eg, from a human or animal body, a combustion device, or other heat-generating thermocouple) into electrical energy suitable for use in a wireless sensor, for example, in other non-limiting embodiments. It is well understood that can be adopted. Additional embodiments may include converting high frequency energy into electrical energy suitable for use in wireless sensors. Other embodiments may employ high frequency receiving coils to maximize energy collection and sensing capabilities, eg, to optimize the incorporation of RF receiving coils and sensors into cloth or garment materials.

The disclosed embodiment deals with an energy harvesting design that can be employed as a power source for the disclosed sensor. Recently, researchers have been studying magnetic spring or levitation electromagnetic energy harvesters.^15-23.. One important advantage of magnetic levitation is the extended life by using magnetic springs instead of mechanical springs. This is because physical springs are the most vulnerable component. Moreover, by eliminating the physical spring, it is possible to have a very low spring constant, which results in a low resonance frequency. These properties make levitation electromagnetic energy harvesters ideal for harvesting the energy of human movement.

In another embodiment, "Systems, Devices," published to Hyde et al. On April 8, 2014, incorporated herein by reference. and Methods Including Implants for Managing Cumulative X-ray Radiation U.S. Pat. No. 8,692,206 (B2), entitled "Dosage," describes an implantable radiation sensing device that includes one or more power sources. This implantable radiation sensing device includes a power source that includes one or more generators configured to harvest mechanical energy from, for example, sound waves, mechanical vibrations, or bloodstream. For example, in one embodiment, the power source is a biological-subject (eg, human) -powered generator, thermoelectric generator, piezoelectric generator, electromechanical generator (eg, microelectromechanical system (MEMS)). ) Includes at least one of generators, etc.), biodynamic energy harvesting generators, etc. In one embodiment, the power source is, for example, electromagnetic, magnetic, acoustic, optical, to at least one of an X-ray radiation sensor device, an exposure measurement device, a computing device, a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, and the like. , Inductively, electrically, or capacitively coupled.

Non-limiting examples of power supply examples include one or more button batteries, chemical batteries, fuel cells, secondary batteries, lithium ion batteries, microelectric patches, nickel hydrogen batteries, silver zinc batteries, capacitors, supercapsules, etc. Examples include thin-film secondary batteries, ultracapsules, and zinc-air batteries. Further non-limiting examples of power sources include one or more generators (eg, electricity), such as thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric generators, electromechanical generators, biodynamic energy harvesting generators, etc. Examples include generators, generators that convert thermal energy into electrical energy, generators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy, micro generators, nano generators, etc.). In one embodiment, the power source includes at least one rechargeable power source. In one embodiment, the power source may include one or more micro batteries, thin film batteries, fuel cells (eg, biofuel cells, chemical fuel cells, etc.) and the like.

In one embodiment, the implantable radiation sensing device incorporates a power source. Implantable radiation sensing devices may include at least one of a battery, a capacitor, a mechanical energy store (eg, a spring, a flywheel, etc.). In one embodiment, the implantable radiation sensing device comprises a power source that includes at least one of a battery, a capacitor or a rechargeable power or a mechanical energy storage member. In one embodiment, the power source is configured to manage, for example, the duty cycle associated with detecting and quantifying percutaneously received X-ray radiation stimuli in vivo.

In one embodiment of the invention, an organism-powered generator is configured to harvest the thermal energy produced by the organism. In one embodiment, the organism-powered generator uses the energy produced by the organism to be a thermoelectric generator, a piezoelectric generator, an electromechanical generator (eg, a microelectromechanical system (MEMS) generator, etc.). It is configured to be harvested using at least one of the biomechanical energy harvesting generators and the like. For example, in one embodiment, the organism-powered generator 1136 includes one or more thermoelectric generators configured to convert the heat dissipated by the organism into electricity. In one embodiment, an organism-powered generator is configured to harvest the energy produced by the organism by any physical movement or movement (eg, walking). For example, in one embodiment, an organism-powered generator is configured to harvest the energy produced by the movement of joints within the organism. In one embodiment, an organism-powered generator is configured to harvest the energy produced by the movement of a fluid (eg, biofluid) within the organism.

In one embodiment, the implantable radiation sensing device comprises a percutaneous energy transfer system. For example, in one embodiment, the implantable radiation sensing device comprises one or more power receivers configured to receive power from at least one in-vivo or in-vitro power source. In one embodiment, the percutaneous energy transfer system is an electromagnetic, magnetic, acoustic, optical, electromagnetic, magnetic, acoustic, optical, to at least one of an X-ray radiation sensor device, an exposure measurement device, a transmitter, a receiver, a transceiver, and the like. Inductively, electrically, or capacitively coupled. In one embodiment, the percutaneous energy transfer system is configured to transfer power from at least one of the in vivo or in vitro power sources to the implantable radiation sensing device.

In one embodiment, the percutaneous energy transfer system is configured to transfer power to the implantable radiation sensing device and recharge the power source within the implantable radiation sensing device. In one embodiment, the percutaneous energy transfer system can be electromagnetically, magnetically, acoustically, optically, inductively, electrically, or capacitively coupled to an in vivo power supply. In one embodiment, the percutaneous energy transfer system comprises at least one electromagnetically coupled power supply, a magnetically coupled power supply, an acoustically coupled power supply, and optically. Includes a combineable power supply, an inductively coupled power supply, an electrically coupled power supply, or a capacitively coupled power supply. In one embodiment, the energy percutaneous transfer system is configured to receive power wirelessly from a remote power supply.

Since on-chip power supplies are often not feasible, the power source must be obtained, for example, by magnetic field coupling. For reference, the US Patent Application Publication No. 2010/0219494 (A1) entitled "Sub-MM Wireless Ionizing Radiation Detector" by Barnaby published on March 2, 2010, is incorporated herein by reference. The standard approach implemented in many RFID products is disclosed²⁴.. In a 2008 paper, Beyer et al. Demonstrated the use of RF energy harvesting to power MOSFET dosimeters and bidirectional communication interfaces.²⁴。

Currently, the majority of autonomous mobile electronic systems are powered by electrochemical batteries. Battery quality has improved substantially over the last two decades, but their energy density has not increased significantly. At present, factors such as cost, weight, limited service time, and waste disposal issues (battery-specific) are hampering progress in many areas of electronics. This problem is challenged in the portable electronic device market, where the rapidly evolving performance and sophistication of mobile electronic devices continues to increase the demand for power generation of several watts that conventional electrochemical batteries cannot meet. Especially serious.

"Method and MFP for Mechanical Energy Harvesting Using Planar Microfluidic" by Krupenkin et al., Published July 19, 2012, incorporated herein by reference. US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/018190 (A1), entitled "Device," discloses an energy harvester, showing a row of energy-generating conductive droplets located along a flow path that is so narrow that it can only be seen under a microscope. The droplets are suspended in a liquid dielectric medium and are hydraulically driven by applying differential pressure to both ends of the flow path. Multiple separate electrodes 5-1 and 5-2 are placed along both sides of the flow path, which engage the droplet as it moves back and forth in the flow path during pressure changes. As the conductive droplets move along the flow path, they form an array of capacitors with electrodes 5-1 and 5-2, which change the accumulated charge as the droplets move back and forth, causing current to flow. Let me. This type of hydraulic drive method offers important advantages as it allows efficient direct coupling with a wide range of high power environmental mechanical energy sources, including human locomotion.

The microfluidic-based energy harvester of Krupenkin et al. Is a significant improvement over the current state of the technology, but this drive because the displacement amplitude of the vibration is often too small to initiate the movement of the droplet along the flow path. The method is not very well suited for applications where energy is harvested from mechanical vibrations. But nevertheless, such vibrations are an readily available energy source in many critical environments, including transportation (eg, automobiles, aerospace, railroads), industrial machinery, and the like. Therefore, any method that can effectively drive droplets that are small enough to be seen only with a microscope by mechanical vibrations of the environment will provide energy harvesting with power that cannot be met by a wider range of environments or conventional electrochemical batteries. It is very beneficial because it can be extended to the requirements.

One of the most promising technologies to significantly reduce the reliance on current electrochemical batteries is high power energy harvesting. The concept of energy harvesting aims to develop self-powered devices that do not require an interchangeable power supply. Harvesters that convert mechanical energy to electrical energy are particularly promising because they can take advantage of a variety of "high power density" energy sources that exhibit mechanical vibrations when high mobility and high power output are required. ..

High-power harvesting of mechanical energy is a long-recognized concept, but at least in part it could not be commercialized due to the lack of viable energy harvesting technology. Existing methods of converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, such as electromagnetic, piezoelectric, or electrostatic, cannot be effectively directly coupled to most high power environmental mechanical energy sources. Large, expensive mechanical or hydraulic transducers are required to convert the wide range of aperiodic forces and displacements typically occurring in nature into forms available for conversion using these methods.

Recently, new approaches for energy harvesting have been proposed that significantly alleviate the above problems. This new approach is to use a microfluidics-based energy harvester. In particular, an energy harvester based on high-power microfluidics is referred to herein as "Method and MFP for Energy Harvesting Using Microfluidics" published by TN Krupenkin on March 2, 2011, which is incorporated herein by reference. The name is disclosed in US Pat. No. 7,898,096.

Krupenkin is a device that includes a device that converts mechanical energy into electrical energy conversion, that has multiple electrodes and fluids, and includes a spatially separated conductive liquid region and a dielectric liquid region. It is disclosed. The fluid is configured to move reversibly as a whole with respect to the plurality of electrodes under the influence of mechanical force. Each cycle of the reversible motion of the fluid changes the amount of charge stored by the electrodes over and over, thereby causing an electric current to flow between the electrodes.

Krupenkin's equipment includes two substrates that are substantially coplanar and separated by spacers. The spacers are arranged to form a flow path. A plurality of electrodes are arranged on the base material, and a plurality of electrodes are arranged on the base material. The substrate and spacer can consist of glass, textolite, or any solid dielectric material such as solid plastic (including polycarbonate, polypropylene, or polytetrafluoroethylene). The electrodes can be made of any solid conductive material such as gold or tantalum or indium tin oxide glass. In some preferred embodiments, a tantalum or gold film is included.

A movable fluid is placed in the flow path and is configured to slide past the electrodes along the flow path. A fluid consists of two immiscible liquids, one being a dielectric liquid and the other being a conductive liquid. Suitable conductive liquids include, for example, aqueous salt solutions and molten salts. CuSO is an example of an aqueous salt solution.₄, LiCl, KNO₃, Or a 0.01 molar solution of a salt such as NaCl. Examples of molten salts include 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate and 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate, both of which are commercially available. In other cases, the conductive liquid may include liquid metals such as gallium, indium, or mercury. Suitable dielectric liquids include, for example, silicone oils and alkanes. Examples of silicone oils include polydimethylsiloxane and polydiphenylsiloxane, and examples of alkanes include nonane and hexadecane.

The conductive liquid and the dielectric liquid are spatially separated into a plurality of separate regions. The dielectric liquid region and the conductive liquid region are periodically and alternately arranged so that the conductive region and the dielectric region repeat regularly and alternately. Boundaries between immiscible liquid regions are maintained by surface tension so that the fluid moves as a whole, eg, slides along the flow path without disturbing the arrangement and volume of the separate liquid regions described above. Is possible.

The remaining requirement in the field is to harvest electrical energy from mechanical vibrational motion, and more specifically to utilize multiple microfluidic elements to convert vibrational energy into useful electrical energy. Addressed by the invention.

According to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, an array of conductive liquid droplets is placed on the base substrate and separated from the dielectric coated electrodes by elastic spacers to form a capacitive array structure. The elastic spacer is periodically compressed in response to external vibrations, whereby the droplets are periodically crushed between the electrode and the base substrate. Droplet compression increases the contact area between the droplets and the electrodes, which causes a periodic change in the amount of charge stored between the electrodes, resulting in the generation of electrical energy in the form of an electric current flowing between the electrodes. To do.

In some cases, a proof mass may be attached to the microfluidic energy harvester, the vibration applied to the proof mass is transferred to the energy harvester, periodic compression of elastic spacers and multiple conductive liquids. Causes drop compression. Alternatively, direct power (effectively periodic) may be applied to the microfluidic energy harvester to generate electrical energy from the periodic compression of the conductive droplets.

In an alternative embodiment, a large array of elastic spacers and conductors increases the amount of energy produced for a given surface area (ie, "footprint").

As an example, the present invention is a device for converting mechanical energy into electrical energy, which is parallel to a plurality of conductive liquid droplets arranged in a plane arrangement and parallel to the plurality of conductive liquid droplets. A planar electrode arranged at a distance, a dielectric layer positioned between the plurality of conductive liquid droplets and the planar electrode so as to form a capacitive structure together with the plurality of conductive liquid droplets, and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets. An elastic spacer element arranged so as to surround the plurality of conductive liquid droplets between the surface electrode and the plane electrode, and when mechanical energy is applied to the device, the elastic spacer element and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets are formed. The elastic spacer element is compressed so that the contact area between the plurality of conductive liquid droplets and the dielectric layer and the overlapping area between the planar electrode and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets are increased, and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets and the said. The plurality of conductive liquid droplets and the planar electrode are provided so that a bias voltage is applied between the planar electrodes and the current generated in response to the change in capacitance associated with the change in the overlapping area is transmitted to the power consumption element. It can be defined as a device including, and an electric circuit means electrically coupled to and from.

The present invention comprises a step of arranging a plurality of conductive liquid droplets on a substrate, a step of covering the plurality of conductive liquid droplets with a layer of a dielectric material, and a step of covering the plurality of conductive liquid droplets with a layer of the dielectric material. A step of surrounding the combination with an elastic spacer element, a step of positioning the planar electrode on the dielectric material to form a capacitive structure with the dielectric material and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets, and a predetermined bias voltage. The elastic spacer and the plurality of conductive liquids so as to generate a current output by periodically changing the capacitance value of the above-mentioned configuration and the step of applying the above-mentioned plane electrode and the plurality of conductive liquid droplets. Also described is a method of harvesting electrical energy from vibrating motion by applying a periodic mechanical force to the configuration so as to compress and decompress the drops.

For reference, WO2008 / 109153 PCT / US2008 / 003064, entitled "Electrical Energy Generator" by Lemieux, published on September 12, 2008, which is incorporated herein by reference, contains moving mass. A device for harvesting mechanical energy from and converting the harvested mechanical energy into usable electrical energy is disclosed. This device enables the capture of mechanical energy given to the device from movements such as human gait activities and the conversion of the captured mechanical energy into electrical energy. This device can be used to power a wide variety of electronic devices.

Mechanical energy includes, but is not limited to, several forms of energy, including kinetic energy. Mechanical energy appears in the human and animal bodies as a result of those physical processes. Such physical processes include voluntary movements of the body. Among the voluntary movements of the body are gait processes. Walking activities include stepping, walking, running, climbing, jumping and similar activities. Other voluntary movements of the body include grabbing, reaching, waving, swinging, stretching, and so on. All voluntary motor activities generate kinetic energy, as every voluntary movement of the body manifests itself as the movement of each part of the body that has mass. In addition, voluntary kinetic activity can provide kinetic energy to the peripheral mass associated with the moving body.

It is often desirable to convert mechanical energy into electrical energy. One example is the conversion of kinetic energy into electrical energy, where the kinetic energy of a mass moves the magnetic field against the conductive coil, which in turn converts the kinetic energy of that mass into electrical energy by the action of electromagnetic induction. is there.

Kinetic energy appears in the animal and human bodies as a result of various voluntary motor activities. Voluntary motor activities include, for example, walking processes, leg movements, arm movements, head movements, torso movements, and the like. Kinetic energy also appears in objects or masses that are moved by humans or animals in the process of carrying them. Some voluntary movements, such as human walking gait, are rhythmic activities with predictable frequency or periodicity. For human walking, the predictable frequency is about 2 Hz.

An electrical energy generator is provided for harvesting kinetic energy and converting the harvested kinetic energy generated or imparted by voluntary motility activity into electrical energy. The electric energy generator generally includes a housing, an induction coil, an electromagnetically active mass that can reciprocate with respect to the housing, and at least one spring that engages the electromagnetically active mass with the housing. obtain.

According to some exemplary embodiments, an electric energy generator generally engages with a housing, an induction coil, an electromagnetically active mass reciprocating with respect to the housing, and the mass with the housing. Includes a first spring and a second spring engaged with the mass and the housing.

According to a further exemplary embodiment, the electric energy generator has a housing, an induction coil, an electromagnetically active mass that can reciprocate with respect to the housing, and a first mass engaged with the housing. The housing comprises a spring and a second spring engaged with the mass and the housing so that the electromagnetically active mass minimizes or substantially prevents non-reciprocation of the mass. Be restrained within.

According to another exemplary embodiment, the electric energy generator has a housing, an induction coil, an electromagnetically active mass that can reciprocate with respect to the housing, and a first mass engaged with the housing. A spring, a second spring engaged with the mass and the housing, and means for alleviating the retardation of the motion of the electromagnetically active mass within the housing.

According to an additional exemplary embodiment, the electric energy generator has a housing, an induction coil, an electromagnetically active mass that can reciprocate with respect to the housing, and a first mass engaged with the housing. A spring, a second spring engaged with the mass and the housing, and at least one spring deflection adjuster.

The electric energy generator includes at least one means for suppressing the non-reciprocating movement of the electromagnetically active mass in the housing and a means for alleviating the delay in the movement of the electromagnetically active mass in the housing. It may include a combination of two or more of two spring deflection regulators.

The device harvests mechanical energy and converts the harvested mechanical energy into electrical energy. By harvesting mechanical energy from the reciprocating mass and converting it into electrical energy, the device acts as a linear generator. The electrical energy generated is not limited, but is limited to detectors, signaling devices, entertainment devices, energy storage devices, wireless receivers, wireless transmitters, wireless phones, cameras, Global Positioning System (GPS) devices, And can be used to power a wide variety of electronic devices, including similar electronic devices.

Although examples of dosimetry processing devices are disclosed herein, it is readily understood that they can be implemented in any suitable computer system or computing device. As will be appreciated by those skilled in the art, the devices and systems of each example described herein may be many variations of the particular hardware and software used to implement these examples. It should be understood that it is for illustration purposes. In addition, the systems of these examples are one or more general purpose computer systems programmed according to the teachings of those examples, as described and illustrated herein and as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art. , Microprocessors, digital signal processors, and microcontrollers can be conveniently implemented. Each of the above examples, as described herein, is non-temporary in which instructions for one or more aspects of the technology as described and illustrated by each of the above examples are stored herein. It can also be realized as a computer-readable medium, which, as described and illustrated herein, is required to perform the methods of each of the above examples on the processor when executed by the processor. Let them take the steps.

WO 2008/109153, entitled "Event Dosimeter Device and Methods There of" by Borkholder et al., Published August 30, 2012, incorporated herein by reference. PCT / US2008 / 003064 discloses a power system that includes a battery coupled between a regulator and an energy harvester device. However, it is also possible to use other types of power systems with other types and numbers of components, such as those without energy harvesters and / or those without regulators. In this example, the battery is non-rechargeable and non-replaceable by the user, so it may not be possible to use other types of batteries, such as user-replaceable batteries and rechargeable batteries. However, as an example, dosimetry devices are designed to be disposable. Due to this exemplary disposable design and the associated cost savings, a large number of dosimetric devices can be used for each individual to improve the quality of the data collected and the risk assessment of consequent disorders. .. In addition, this disposable design of this dosimetry device example allows the dosimetry device to be rolled out for product. It will be easier to incorporate design changes and update algorithms at the time of shipments). As a result, according to this exemplary design, the latest version is always delivered to customers in the field, whereas traditional (non-disposable) systems must somehow incorporate updates. Regulators are coupled to regulate the power provided by the battery to the dosimetry processing device. Energy harvester devices, such as solar energy devices or vibration energy devices as just an example, can use other types and numbers of energy harvester devices, but power the system and / or battery. It can be used to recharge.

An optional wireless location determination system is applied to the dosimetry processing device to provide dosimetry device location data that can be correlated with the acquired sensor readings and stored with the sensor readings. Be combined. Location determination systems include, for example, a Global Positioning System (GPS) or a positioning system based on triangulation of wireless signals from a base station or other wireless beacon, but other types and numbers of location determination systems are also used. be able to.

Thus, in one embodiment, the present invention employs an energy harvester that converts light energy into electrical energy suitable for use in wireless sensors.

In another embodiment, the invention employs an energy harvester that converts mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy suitable for use in wireless sensors. The mechanical vibration energy can be due to human movements, human limb movements, or other human activity. Mechanical vibration energy can also be generated by vibration of the machine or infrastructure in which the wireless sensor is installed.

In yet another embodiment, the invention employs an energy harvester that converts light produced by any source, such as the sun (solar energy), artificial lighting, device-focused laser beams, etc., into energy. ..

In yet another embodiment, the present invention employs an energy harvester that converts high frequency radiation from an RF emission source into energy.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention converts heat from a human body, heat from a machine, heat from a combustion device, or heat generated by human movement into electrical energy suitable for use in a wireless sensor. Uses an energy harvester that uses a thermocouple.

In yet another embodiment, the present invention employs an energy harvester that converts high frequency energy into electrical energy suitable for use in wireless sensors. In some embodiments, the high frequency receiving coil of the energy harvester can be adjusted to optimize the harvest of high frequency energy. Incorporating the receiving coil and sensor into a cloth such as clothing can be performed to maximize energy collection and sensing capabilities. In addition, the radio frequency receiver may be disclosed on a printed circuit board (PCB), such as in a holder surrounding a defined electrical device such as a dosimeter. In the disclosed embodiments, the size and shape of the high frequency receiving antenna is the size and shape that can be embedded in the holder and can be adjusted to optimize the collection of RF energy.

In yet another embodiment, the invention employs an energy harvester that is adjustable to maximize the energy collected for a particular application. For example, in a mechanical energy harvester using a magnet and a coil, the size of the coil, the size and strength of the magnet, and the like can be adjusted according to a specific application.

The hardware components of the disclosed invention are further shown in FIG. Here, the module sensors are integrated on a single chip or electronic board 1102 (eg PCB), thereby forming the integrated sensor module 1100. The integrated sensor module 1100 is configured to collect radiation data and ultimately transmit this data to remote locations such as wireless base stations or other wireless communication devices. The integrated sensor module 1100 is designed as an independent sensor system that can be incorporated into devices of many different form factors. Due to the small size and self-sufficiency of the integrated sensor module 1100, badges, name tags, key holders, bracelets, watches, portable electronic devices, MP3 players, pocket bells, mobile phones, smartphones, laptops, tablets, glasses, clothing Integrated into a wide range of devices such as wallets, coin purses, or jewelery.

The primary sensor array 1120 can be a single sensor, a linear array of sensors, or a matrix of sensors, forming, for example, the primary or modular sensor array 1104 adopted from the sensor array 100 of FIG. Therefore, the module sensor array 1104 may utilize only the first sensor # 1 (1112). Alternatively, the module sensor array 1104 may include n rows, such as from first sensor # 1 (1112) to sensor # n (1114). Alternatively, and / or, in addition, the module sensor array 1104 may include m rows, such as from first sensor # 1 (1112) to sensor # m (1116). Thus, with n rows and m columns, the module sensor array 1104 extends from the first sensor # 1 (1112) to the sensors # m, n (1118).

Although the ionizing radiation sensor 102 encapsulated within the "filtation bubble" 108 is shown for illustrative purposes, those skilled in the art have found that the primary sensor array 1120 is another suitable type of sensor (eg, non-. It will be easily understood that it can consist of (for ionizing radiation, hazardous chemicals, or other biochemicals). Alternative embodiments of the disclosed invention may include a chemical sensor or other sensor in addition to and / or as an alternative to the ionizing radiation sensor 102. The present invention describes an integrated sensor module 1100 that provides unique information about the location and operation of the sensor when the measurements are taken. The modular nature of the platforms and devices described allows the use of other individual sensors, or the selection and use of sensors as a variable combination to suit the needs of potential end users. .. Modularity is achieved by developing the measurement device as a compatible module that can be coupled to a central processing unit (CPU) that handles time, operation, location, and temperature collection and communication.

The primary sensor array 1120 may be integrated with the Earth position sensor package 1106. The Earth Position Sensor Package 1106 is estimated by an onboard GPS radio and / or connected wireless mobile device (eg, a smartphone or tablet with GPS sensing) or through a networked device network. Includes a Global Positioning System (GPS) radio to determine location. To minimize the power consumption of the mains, the device preferentially locates by GPS sensors with the lowest power means available for it. First, it is determined by estimation through a connected wireless mobile device with GPS capability, second, an onboard GPS sensor, and third, a networked device network. The integrated sensor module 1100 includes one or more motion sensors in the motion sensor package 1132. In one embodiment, the motion sensor package 1132 is a single 3-axis MEMS that determines whether primary data exposure occurred while the device was stationary or moving during continuous measurement. Includes base accelerometer. Primary data exposure is a radiation event recorded by the primary sensor array 1120. The integrated sensor module 1100 includes a computer 1142 that includes a module sensor array 1104, an on-earth position sensor package 1106, and a processor 1144 for processing data from each sensor in the motion sensor package 1132.

Computer 1142 may wirelessly transmit this data to a second computer (not shown) or other electronic device (not shown) via a wireless system-on-chip (SOC) module 1108. A second computer or other electronic device may process the data and / or display the data to the user before or after processing the data. For example, motion data from motion sensor package 1132 can be processed by computer 1142 and wirelessly transmitted to a second computer or other electronic device. Alternatively, transmit raw data from the module sensor array 1104, Earth position sensor package 1106, and motion sensor package 1132 to a second computer or other electronic device for additional processing and / or display to the user. To this end, the wireless SOC module 1108 can be used. For example, the motion data from the motion sensor package 1132 can be processed and / or displayed to the user by a second, such as the mobile communication device or remote data server shown in FIG. 3 or the distributed data server shown in FIG. Can be transmitted wirelessly to a computer or other electronic device. In addition to motion data, motion sensor package 1132 may also provide identification data for individuals wearing the integrated sensor module 1100 to computer 1142 or a second computer.

A wireless system on SOC module 1108 is configured for integrated sensor module 1100. The wireless SOC module 1108 is an integrated package consisting of a central processing unit and a wireless transceiver. Incorporating wireless transceivers into CPU chips in SOC configurations can reduce footprint and energy consumption. The wireless system on the SOC module 1108 allows wireless transmission from the integrated sensor module 1100, for example, to the wireless receiver of another electronic device for electronic communication purposes. Such communication capabilities reduce the effort involved in determining whether the integrated sensor module 1100 is within range of the electronic device, for example, as further described below.

The power harvester 1110 may include one or more energy harvesting devices. The power harvester 1110 is built into the integrated sensor module 1100 and is connected to the battery. The power harvester 1110 recharges the battery that collects energy through the operation and / or motion of the integrated sensor module 1100 and ambient light to power the electronic board 1102. Therefore, the present invention actively consumes power because it operates and actively communicates with an external wireless compatible device. The Power Harvester 1110 converts periodic (resonant) vibrating mechanical movements into electrical energy to extend the existing battery in the MEMS device that powers the runtime of the radiation measurement sensor function of the integrated sensor module 1110. Take advantage of the work.

U.S. Patent Application No. 2012/0271121 by Della Torre et al., Named "INTEGRATED BIOMETRIC SENSING AND DISPLAY DEVICE," describes one type of motion sensor that can be used as a motion sensor in the integrated sensor module of the present invention. , The content of this application and the entire disclosure are incorporated herein by reference. Such motion sensors may detect motion by measuring one or more of the linear and rotational acceleration, motion, and position of the radiation sensor device. In other embodiments, the motion sensor may measure changes in the linear and rotational speed or vector of the radiation sensor device. In one embodiment, the motion sensor may detect motion along at least three degrees of freedom. In other embodiments, the motion sensor may detect motion along six degrees of freedom and the like. Motion sensors may include single-axis, multi-axis, or combined-axis accelerometers to measure the magnitude and direction of motion acceleration.

The motion sensor may also include a multi-axis gyroscope that provides orientation information. The multi-axis gyroscope measures the rotational speed (d (angle) / dt [degrees / second]), which determines the type of motion the user has performed based on the user's rotational motion. It can be used to determine if a part of the body is pointing in a particular direction and / or to supplement the information from the accelerometer. For example, a walking motion can cause a "pendulum" motion on the user's wrist, while a running motion causes the user's wrist to ring along a horizontal axis in the direction detected by the accelerometer. obtain. In addition, motion sensors may use other techniques such as magnetic fields to capture the user's orientation or movement along some degrees of freedom. In one embodiment, the motion sensor sends an electrical signal to the processor that provides the direction and motion data measured by the sensor.

Data about the behavior of individuals wearing integrated sensor modules, including motion sensors, is separate using a computer or processor that is part of the integrated sensor module and / or communicating wired or wirelessly with the integrated sensor module. It can be processed by a processor or computer. Wired or wireless communication may be in real time. The motion data from the motion sensor may be transmitted from the integrated sensor module to the processing computer using a storage medium such as a flash memory card or flash memory stick.

In one embodiment, the invention is to implement a method of correlating an accelerometer displacement measurement (motion activity) with a clock output (time) to determine how long an individual has been active. Provide configured methods and computers. This information can then be used to determine if a participant was wearing a dosimeter during the specified working period.

In one embodiment, the invention clocks out accelerometer displacement measurements (operating activity) with clock output (time) and onboard sensors to determine if a participant was wearing a dosimeter when exposed to the dosimeter. Provided are methods and computers configured to perform methods that correlate with measurements (exposure dose) of.

In one embodiment, the invention presents accelerometer displacement measurements (movement activity) to spatial position (from GPS) to determine if an individual was in a professionally monitored work area at the time of exposure to a dosimeter. Provided are methods and computers configured to perform methods that correlate with exposure (based on data or based on data from location beacons such as Bluetooth location beacons).

In one embodiment, the present invention performs motion activity measured by a number of motion sensors to determine where an individual was wearing the dosimeter on the individual's body when the dosimeter was exposed to radiation. Provided are methods and computers configured to carry out methods of analysis.

In one embodiment, the present invention states that (1) whether the individual wearing the dosimeter was not the person to whom the dosimeter was assigned and (2) the individual wearing the dosimeter was the dosimeter. A method configured to perform a method of analyzing motion activity measured by a number of motion sensors to obtain a biometric signature for an individual to determine the probability that was the assigned person and Provide a computer.

In one embodiment of the invention, motion data obtained from one or more motion sensors of a dosimeter, such as an integrated sensor module, functions as a type of biometric data used to identify an individual. obtain. Motion sensors may include various types of motion sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, energy harvesters and the like. For example, there may be an existing database containing operational data for each individual to which the integrated sensor module is assigned. This database may be based on previous behavioral data from each individual wearing the integrated sensor module, or by using other devices with a motion sensor to create this data for each individual in the database. Can be created. The computer is (1) identifying an individual by comparing the motion data acquired by one or more motion sensors in the integrated sensor module with the motion data in the database (equipped with the integrated sensor module). Identity data about the individual was not sent with the behavioral data sent to the computer) or confirmation of the identity of the individual (identity data about the individual wearing the integrated sensor module was sent to the computer) (If transmitted with motion data) can be done, and (2) it can be determined whether only a single individual was equipped with the integrated sensor module. When determining the identity of an individual, motion data from multiple sensors such as accelerometers, gyroscopes, or energy harvesters is compared to motion data for multiple individuals in the database and the one that best fits is the one that best fits. Can be found. When confirming the identity of an individual, the motion data includes the identity data for the individual associated with the motion data, and the motion data is collated with the existing motion data for the individual in the database.

In one embodiment of the invention, the motion data is the probability that the dosimeter was worn by the individual to whom it was assigned (the probability that the dosimeter was worn by someone other than the participant to whom it was assigned). On the other hand, it can be analyzed and used to estimate. Managed machine learning techniques can be used to train computer programs to classify data as indicating that the dosimeter was or was not worn by the individual. Uncontrolled machine learning techniques can be used to estimate the probability that an individual was wearing a dosimeter.

In one embodiment of the invention, motion data, by motion sensor, is used throughout the day to work, such as the individual's walking style, the individual's breathing patterns, and the habits associated with any characteristic movement that the individual may have. It can be generated based on the movement activity pattern of the individual over time. Previous studies have shown that movement activities include static postures such as standing, sitting or lying, walking, running, climbing stairs, biking, driving motorized vehicles. It has been demonstrated that it can be distinguished from a dynamic posture such as doing. In an embodiment of the invention, the individual may be normally standing during work, or the individual may be standing at a particular time of the day and sitting at another time of the day. .. In another embodiment, the individual may operate machinery with characteristic patterns of vibration or movement that can be used to identify deviations from normal use of the dosimeter.

In one embodiment of the invention, the computer is onboard the dosimeter with motion data acquired by one or more motion sensors in the integrated sensor module or motion data from the motion sensor of the dosimeter. Based on time data from the clock that is part of the computer used to analyze the, it may be configured to determine the duration (s) of the time the individual was wearing the integrated sensor module. ..

In one embodiment of the invention, a machine learning algorithm is used to extract information from sensor data for the purpose of characterizing movement activity patterns of individual participants and for correlating movement activity with other exposure events. Can be used.

<p> The present invention will be described by the following non-limiting examples.</p><p>(Example 1) A sensor device is described in US Pat. No. 7,777,396 (B2) entitled "IMPACT POWERED DEVICES" issued to Rastegar et al. On August 17, 2010, which is incorporated herein by reference. The sensor device comprises an energy harvester for converting mechanical vibration energy into electrical energy suitable for use in the wireless sensor of the sensor device. The described embodiments include a housing, a powered element located on or within the housing, and at least a powered element housed on or in the housing and operatively connected to the powered element. Includes an impact power producing element that generates power when one part collides with another surface. This energy harvester uses magnets and coils.</p><p>(Example 2) "BATTERY ASSEMBLY WITH KINETIC ENERGY-BASED" by Joseph et al. Published on December 20, 2012, which is incorporated herein by reference. Another sensor device is disclosed in US Patent Application Publication No. 2012/0319404 (A1) entitled "RECHARGING", which uses mechanical vibration energy for the wireless sensor of the sensor device. Equipped with an energy harvester to convert to suitable electrical energy. The described embodiments include mobile electronic devices configured to recharge upon vibration. The electronic device includes a housing having a battery compartment and a battery assembly positioned within the battery compartment. The battery assembly includes a rechargeable battery connected to the battery contacts of the device. The battery assembly includes a charging assembly connected to a rechargeable battery, which operates during the vibrating motion of the electronic device to output current to the rechargeable battery for kinetic energy. Provide a generator based on. The generator is located in (a) the barrel and (b) the elongated chamber of the barrel, a permanent magnet that slides inside the chamber as the device moves, and (c) a wire wound around the outer surface of the barrel. Including the coil of. Both the chamber and the outer surface of the barrel that receives the generator magnets and coils can have a non-circular cross-sectional shape or a non-cylindrical shape in order to improve the yield of kinetic energy. This energy harvester is designed with magnets and coils.</p><p>(Example 3) As an example of an alternative type of energy harvester that can be miniaturized and can be used to power sensors installed in different locations, including, for example, vehicles or freight containers, 2009 3 US Patent Application Publication No. 2009/0080138 (A1), entitled "FLUIDIC ELECTROSTATIC ENERGY HARVESTER" by Lohndorf et al., Published on 26 March, is incorporated herein by reference. Variable capacitors that operate without moving mechanical components are disclosed. In this capacitor, the conductive electrodes are separated by a closed chamber filled with a conductive material. The conductive material can freely change its position inside the chamber. As the position of the conductive material changes due to external mechanical motion of the device (eg, rotational vibration), the capacitance of the device changes.</p><p>(Example 4) As an example of an energy harvester based on a high-power organic film-based photovoltaic cell, European Patent No. 2378581 (B1) named "PHOTOVOLTAIC CELL" by Carroll published on July 31, 2013 is mentioned. And incorporated herein by reference.</p><p>(Example 5) The sensor device comprises an energy harvester having a thermocouple for converting heat from the human body into electrical energy suitable for use in the wireless sensor of the sensor device. For reference, the US Patent Application Publication No. 2013/0312806 (A1) entitled "THERMO ELECTRIC APPARATUS AND APPLICATIONS THE REOF" by Carroll published on November 28, 2013, which is incorporated herein by reference, contains a thermoelectric device. And various uses of thermoelectric devices are disclosed. The thermoelectric device includes at least one p-type layer that is coupled to at least one n-type layer to provide a pn junction, and an insulating layer that is at least partially disposed between the p-type layer and the n-type layer. The p-type layer contains a plurality of carbon nanoparticles, and the n-type layer contains a plurality of n-doped carbon nanoparticles.</p><p>(Example 5) The sensor device includes an energy harvester for converting high-frequency energy into electrical energy suitable for use in the wireless sensor of the sensor device. This energy harvester has a high frequency receiver coil incorporated into the cloth of the garment to maximize energy collection and sensitivity (referenced herein by reference, http://www.wfu.edu). See the information provided at /nanotech/News.html).</p><p>(Example 6) To convert light generated by any source, including sunlight (solar energy), artificial lighting, or laser beams, into electrical energy suitable for use in the wireless sensor of the sensor device. Equipped with an energy harvester.</p><p>(Example 7) Examples of additional mechanical energy harvesters include the following.</p><p> US Pat. No. 8,704,387 (B2), entitled "ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATOR", issued to Lemieux on April 22, 2014, incorporated herein by reference, has a longitudinal axis and both ends. The housing, the electromagnetically active mass positioned within the housing and reciprocating along at least a portion of the longitudinal axis, the conductive material in the housing, the body engaged with the electromagnetically active mass, and the housing. An electrical energy generator is described that includes at least one spring positioned between one end of the body and one end of the body or between one end of the body and a conductive material.</p><p> US Pat. No. 8,674,526 (B2), entitled "ELECTRICAL ENERGY GENERATOR", issued to Lemieux on March 18, 2014, incorporated herein by reference, is positioned in and within the housing. The electromagnetically active mass, the conductive material in the housing, the main body positioned in the housing, and the main body in which the main body and the electromagnetically active mass move relative to each other, and the electromagnetically active mass and the main body are restored. An electrical energy generator is described that includes at least one spring that applies force.</p><p> For this reason, the disclosed embodiments generally relate to power supplies for sensors. More specifically, the present invention provides small wireless, mechanical vibrations, light, heat (eg, heat from the body, combustion equipment, or other heat-generating thermocouples), high frequencies, or other forms of energy. Energy to convert autonomous devices, such as portable sensors, wearable electronic devices, motion sensors, wireless sensor networks, sensor-enabled fabrics, and electrical energy suitable for use in other wearable products, portable products, or mobile products. Regarding harvesters.</p><p>(Example 8) An example of using accelerometer sensor data to acquire information that can be used to identify the characteristics of an individual's activity based on a characteristic motion pattern (activity recognition) is Ravi N, Dandekar N, Mysore P, Liftman ML, "Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data", American Association for Artificial Intelligence, 2005 (hereinafter referred to as "Ravi et al.", Figure 3 of Ravi et al. Is accelerometer data classified by activity. (Shows the graph of).</p><p>Example 9 Casale is an example of using a number of sensors, including accelerometers, voice microphones, and video cameras to obtain different types of information that can be used to characterize an individual's activity. P, Pujol O, Radeva P, "Human Activity Recognition from Accelerometer Data Using a Wearable Device", LNCS, 6669, 289-296, 2011 (hereinafter referred to as "Casale et al."). Casale et al. Incorporate microphones and video cameras (with audio and video post-processing) to help identify behavioral activity characteristics.</p><p>(Example 10) An example of using accelerometer sensor data to obtain biometric information that can be used to identify an individual based on a characteristic gait pattern (biometric gait) is Gafurov D, et al. Helkala K, Sondrol T, "Biometric Gait Authentication Using Accelerometer Sensor", Journal of Computers, 1 (7): 51-59, 2006 (hereinafter referred to as "Gafurov et al."). Gafurov et al. Performed histogram similarity metric and cycle length metric on accelerometer displacement data obtained from a 3-axis accelerometer positioned on a participant's leg. It demonstrates that different individuals can be distinguished.</p><p>(Example 11) Mannini A, Sabatini AM, "Machine Learning Methods for Classifying Human Physical Activity from On-body Accelerometers", Sensors, 10: 154-1175, 2010, developed to classify human movement activities. This is a review of the machine learning method that has been introduced. See references below.</p><p>(Example 12) An example of using accelerometer sensor data to obtain motion information that can be used to identify the mode of transport by which an individual is moving is Bedogni L, Di Felice M, Bononi. L, "By Train or By Car? Detecting the User's Motion Type through Smartphone Sensors Data", IEEE, 2012 (hereinafter referred to as "Bedogni et al."). Bedogni et al. Have demonstrated that smartphone accelerometer data can be used to determine whether an individual was walking, driving a car, or riding a train. This approach can also be used to characterize the behavior of other types of motorized vehicles. In one embodiment, the invention can be used to monitor non-living entities such as shipping vehicles and freight containers to identify and prevent the transportation or storage of suspected illegal substances of hazardous substances.</p><p>(Example 13) Fig. 12 shows an example graph showing the displacement vs. time of the accelerometer in the x-axis direction, the y-axis direction, and the z-axis direction for the accelerometer, which is one of the motion sensors of the dosimeter. Shown. When a person is inactive or the individual is not wearing a dosimeter, the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions are shown during the period marked "inactive". There is no or minimal displacement in. During the period labeled "Activity Level 1", there are frequent changes in the direction of movement along the x-axis direction of the accelerometer, slightly more frequent changes in the direction of movement along the z-axis direction, and the z-axis. There is almost no change in movement along the direction. During the period labeled "Activity Level 2", there is a moderate amount of change in the direction of movement along the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions.</p><p>(Example 14) FIGS. 13, 14, and 15 show accelerometer displacements in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions for an accelerometer, which is one of the motion sensors of a dosimeter. An exemplary graph showing acceleration) vs. time is shown. FIG. 13 shows the displacement of the accelerometer when an individual wearing a dosimeter is sitting with minimal or no movement. In FIG. 13, there is no or minimal displacement in the x-axis, y-axis, and z-axis directions. FIG. 14 shows the displacement of the accelerometer when an individual wearing a dosimeter is walking. In FIG. 14, a small amount of motion occurs along all three axial directions, as shown by the frequent small amplitude changes in displacement. FIG. 15 shows the displacement of the accelerometer when an individual wearing a dosimeter stands stationary, then moves his arms, and then stands again. During the period in which the individual is moving his arm, as indicated by the dashed ellipse 1512 in FIG. 15, there is a significant amount of movement along all three axial directions, as indicated by the frequent small amplitude changes in displacement. It is happening.</p><p> The devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments may store information related to the various processes described herein. This information may be stored in one or more memories of the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments (eg, hard disks, optical disks, magneto-optical disks, RAM, etc.). A database of one or more of the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments may store information used to carry out the illustrated embodiments of the present invention. Databases are organized using data structures (eg, records, tables, arrays, fields, graphs, trees, lists, etc.) contained in one or more of the memory or storage devices listed herein. obtain. The processes described for the disclosed exemplary embodiments are for storing data collected and / or generated by the processes in one or more databases of the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments. It may contain suitable data structures.</p><p> All or part of the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments may be one or one programmed according to the teachings of the illustrated embodiments of the present invention, as understood by those skilled in the art of computers and software. It can be conveniently executed using more general purpose computer systems, microprocessors, digital signal processors, microcontrollers and the like. Suitable software can be readily produced by a programmer with conventional skills based on the teachings of the exemplary embodiments, as will be appreciated by those skilled in the art of software. In addition, the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments will be understood by those skilled in the art of electricity, by making application-specific integrated circuits, or by interconnecting suitable networks of conventional components. Can be done by Thus, the exemplary embodiments are not limited to any particular combination of hardware electrical circuit configurations and / or software.</p><p> When stored in any one or combination of computer-readable media, the exemplary embodiments of the invention are for controlling the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments; the devices of the disclosed exemplary embodiments. And to drive subsystems; to allow the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments to interact with a person who is a user; and so on. Such software may include, but is not limited to, device drivers, firmware, operating systems, development tools, application software, and the like. Such a computer-readable medium further performs the computer program of the embodiment of the present invention in order to perform all or part of the processing performed in carrying out the disclosed exemplary embodiment (if the processing is distributed). Can include products. The computer code device of an exemplary embodiment of the invention may include, but is not limited to, a script, an interpretable program, a dynamic link library (DLL), which may include any suitable interpretable or executable code mechanism. Examples include Java classes and applets, full executable programs, and Common Object Request Broker Architecture (CORBA) objects. In addition, some of the processing of the exemplary embodiments of the invention may be distributed for better performance, reliability, cost, and the like.</p><p> As mentioned above, the devices and subsystems of the disclosed exemplary embodiments retain instructions programmed according to the teachings of the present invention, and the data structures, tables, records and / / described herein. Or it may include a computer-readable medium or memory for holding other data. A computer-readable medium may include any suitable medium involved in providing instructions to the processor for execution. Such media can take many forms and include, but are not limited to, non-volatile media, volatile media, communication media and the like. Examples of the non-volatile medium may include an optical or magnetic disk, a magneto-optical disk, and the like. Examples of the volatile medium include dynamic memory. Examples of the communication medium include coaxial cables, copper wires, and optical fibers. The communication medium can also take the form of sound waves, light waves, electromagnetic waves, etc. (eg, those generated between high frequency (RF) communication, infrared (IR) data communication, etc.). Common form of computer-readable medium For example, floppy disks, flexible disks, hard disks, magnetic tapes, any other suitable magnetic medium, CD-ROM, CDRW, DVD, any other suitable optical medium, punched cards, paper tape, optics. Any other suitable physical medium with a mark sheet, hole or other optically recognizable mark pattern, RAM, PROM, EPROM, FLASH-EPROM, any other suitable memory chip or cartridge, carrier, or Any other suitable medium that can be read by a computer can be mentioned.</p><p> Although the present invention has been disclosed with reference to certain embodiments, many modifications, substitutions and modifications to the described embodiments of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims. It is possible without departing from the spirit and scope. Thus, the invention is not limited to the described embodiments, but the invention is intended to have all scopes and equivalents defined by the languages of the claims below.</p><p>(References) 1. SR Anton, HA Sodano, A review of power harvesting using piezo-electric materials (2003-2006), Smart Mater. And Struct. 16 (3) (2007) R1-R21. Doi: 10.1088 / 0964 -1726/16/3 / R01. 2. 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Chung, Multi-frequency electromagnetic energy harvester using a magnetic spring cantilever, Sensors and Actuators A: Physical 182 (2012) 106-113. doi: 10.1016 / j.sna.2012.05.009. 24. GP Beyer , GG Mann, JA Pursley, ET Espenhahn, C. Fraisse, DJ Godfrey, M. Oldham, TB Carrea, N. Bolick, and CW Scarantino, "An implantable MOSFET dosimeter for the measurement of radiation dose in tissue during cancer therapy," IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. 8, 2008.</p><p> All publications, patent applications, patents and other references presented herein indicate the level of one of ordinary skill in the art to which the subject matter currently disclosed belongs. The book as if all publications, patent applications, patents and other references are specifically and individually indicated for reference to each publication, patent application, patent and other references. It is incorporated as a reference in the specification to the same extent. Many patent applications, patents and other references are mentioned herein, but such references acknowledge that all of these documents form part of the common general knowledge in the art. It is understood that it does not constitute.</p>