Dental implant, abutment for a dental implant and combination of same and an implantation set

0001The present invention relates to dental implants, dental implant abutments, combinations of such implants with abutments, and implant sets, which are characterized by the premise of the independent claims.

0002Dental implants and related abutments are known in many different designs. Dental implants are usually formed by a substantially cylindrical body. The main body has a receiving opening at the crown end into which a so-called abutment can be inserted. Here, and in the text below, the crown refers to the direction towards the crown or tooth to be worn. In this context, the cervical refers to the direction towards the root.

0003The abutment that can be inserted into the receiving opening is used in an essentially known manner to directly or indirectly receive the tooth replacement. It is already known that the receiving opening of the implant and the corresponding junction surface are given a conical shape. This is done to achieve the best possible mechanical connection and sealing between the abutment and the implant so as to avoid the formation of gaps where liquids or bacteria can collect. However, this type of conical configuration is associated with various shortcomings. For example, the next time you take a tooth mold, there will be a height shift due to tolerances in the angle and diameter of the cone. At the same time, because of the cone, the outer diameter of the abutment in the lower area is smaller than that of an equivalent abutment with a non-cone. This area usually has an indexing area for rotational fixation or rotational positioning between the abutment and the implant. Such indexing areas usually create shape matching in the circumferential direction with non-round contours, for example by polygons or by grooves and cams. Due to the thinner wall thickness, the possibility of designing the indexing area is reduced. In particular, strength problems can arise. This can be difficult, especially if the implant index area also functions for contact with the screw-in tool used to screw into the implant.

0004Abutments and implants with corresponding cones are, for example, AT 400 804 B, EP 1 396 236 A1, EP 1 203 567, DE 102 31 743 A1, EP 1 728 486 A1, or DE 10 2005 001 792 A1. Is known from. However, all such solutions are also related to the shortcomings mentioned above and other shortcomings.

<p num="0005"> Therefore, an object of the present invention is to avoid the shortcomings of known solutions, in particular to ensure a reliable and secure connection between the implant and the abutment and in the gap between the implant and the abutment. Prevents the buildup of bacteria as much as possible, allows for good transfer of force between the screw-in tool during implant screwing and the implant, and also allows for a reliable tooth profile of the implant position in the mouth. To enable the use of dental implants and abutments, as well as implant sets.</p>

<p num="0006"> According to the present invention, these and other objectives are achieved by dental implants, abutments, and implant sets according to the characteristics of the features of the independent claims.</p><p num="0007"> Dental implants according to the present invention function in essentially known manners for insertion into the mandible. The implant has a receiving opening for the abutment at the crown end. The receiving opening has a conical portion having a specified conical length and an indexing portion having a specified indexing length when viewed from the crown end. According to the present invention, the conical portion has a total cone angle in the range of 6 to 20 °, preferably 10 ° to 18 °, particularly preferably 15 °. Interaction with the correspondingly shaped cone on the abutment provides a self-locking connection when the abutment is inserted into the implant. Thereby, further stability of the connection is achieved. Also, the index length is at least 90% of the cone length, or, depending on the implant diameter, preferably about 95% to 125% of the cone length. Thus, even if the outer diameter of the abutment is small due to the cone, the connection between the abutment and the implant is sufficiently stable. Also, a sufficiently large engaging surface can be used for screw-in tools. The indexing portion functions for rotational positioning and rotational fixation between the abutment and the implant, and at the same time also functions as an engaging surface for a screw-in tool. Seen from the axial direction, the indexing portion is preferably at least 1.6 mm in length. In principle, it is conceivable to design the indexed portion in an essentially known manner using polygons or other non-rounded contours. However, indexers designed with groove / cam connections are preferred, as described below.</p><p num="0008"> According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the indexing portion has a surface on which at least one radially outwardly extending groove having a defined groove length is arranged. The groove is engageable with the cam on the abutment. The surface is usually at least partially cylindrical. At the same time it is sized and has tolerances to form a guide surface for the properly inserted abutment.</p><p num="0009"> Further, it is preferable that the groove length extends substantially over the entire length of the indexing portion, particularly over at least 70%. In this way, the engagement surface of the groove and the threaded tool or abutment so that the screwing force or moment can be transmitted without plastic deformation and the force introduced per unit area can be minimized. It is possible to maximize contact with the corresponding engaging surface on the cam. This deformation will affect the accuracy of the tooth profile and the positioning of the abutment. The bottom of the groove towards the lower end of the implant is preferably a slope. The angle of this slope corresponds particularly preferably to the angle of the corresponding chamfered portion on the cam of the abutment portion.</p><p num="0010"> Preferably, in the cervical direction, the indexed portion of the implant is directly adjacent to a threaded portion for receiving the abutment thread. In other words, this means that the shape matching edge of the implant is not adjacent to an additional area that functions to receive or guide the abutment.</p><p num="0011"> Particularly preferably, the surface of the indexing portion has an outer diameter larger than 80% of the outer diameter of the groove. In this way, the outer diameter of the corresponding indexing portion of the abutment portion can be as large as possible. However, at the same time, the outer diameter of the indexing portion must not be too close to the outer diameter of the groove so that a sufficiently large groove depth is still ensured.</p><p num="0012"> Also, the groove is 0.22 mm²Larger, radially extending groove surface (or diameter on both sides) It is preferable to have a groove surface extending in the direction).</p><p num="0013"> At the same time, the groove length is preferably greater than 500% of the groove depth. The groove depth is understood as the distance between the surface of the indexing portion and the outer diameter of the groove.</p><p num="0014"> According to another preferred embodiment, the small cone diameter (ie, the diameter of the cervical end of the cone) is greater than or equal to the outer diameter of the groove. In this way, a platform is formed that defines an intermediate position during insertion of the abutment.</p><p num="0015"> Further, it is preferable that a platform surface in the circumferential direction is formed between the conical portion and the indexing portion of the implant. The groove in this case extends axially to this platform surface. Such a platform surface makes it possible to specify an intermediate position. The abutment can be inserted into the implant until the underside of the corresponding cam on the abutment touches the platform surface. By turning the abutment so that the cam on the abutment is aligned with the groove in the implant, the abutment can then be moved to the desired end position. The insertion procedure, including the "insert in the axial direction" step, the "turn in the circumferential direction" step, and the "move in the axial direction to the end position" step, is particularly intuitive to the user. In this way, insertion at an undesired intermediate position is prevented.</p><p num="0016"> A further aspect of the invention relates to abutments for dental implants, especially for the implants described above. The abutment has a surface for directly or indirectly receiving the tooth replacement. The abutment also has a contiguous zone for connection to the implant. The contiguous zone is usually insertable into the aforementioned receiving opening of the implant. The abutment is essentially known and can be secured within the implant by abutment screws. The abutment connection area has a cone with a defined cone length. An indexing area with a defined indexing length is adjacent to the contiguous zone in the cervical direction. The conical portion of the abutment has a total cone angle of 6 to 20 °, preferably 10 ° to 18 °, particularly preferably 15 °. The indexing length of the abutment is at least 90%, preferably 95-125% of the conical length of the abutment. The interaction with the abutment as described above thus provides a particularly stable connection. The indexing length is preferably at least 1.6 mm. Towards the cervical end, the index is ranged by the end of the shape matching element. Towards the crown end, the indexing portion is ranged by the end of a substantially cylindrical portion on which the shape matching element is mounted.</p><p num="0017"> The abutment preferably has a surface at the indexing portion from which at least one cam extends radially outward. The cam is engageable with the corresponding groove in the implant. Particularly preferably, this surface of the abutment is at least partially cylindrical. It is also sized and has tolerances to form a guide surface for the surface of the implant index when the abutment is correctly inserted into the implant. For this reason, the abutment can be shorter than, for example, the abutment disclosed in EP 1 728 486. This is because it can be done without an additional cervical lead. Also, the guide can be designed with a relatively large diameter, which makes it less sensitive to manufacturing tolerances. Finally, the guides designed in this way ensure that the abutment is guided at a very early stage of the implant during insertion.</p><p num="0018"> Typically, when the diameter is about 2-3 mm, the guide surfaces on the corresponding abutment and the guide surfaces on the implant are generated with tolerances such that the maximum play between these surfaces is less than 0.06 mm. Will be done.</p><p num="0019"> The cam preferably extends substantially across the area of the index. Virtually the entire indexing area is understood as at least 70% of the length. In this way, the contact surface between the groove and the cam is maximized, resulting in a better force distribution and a more stable connection. However, the cams on the abutment may also be slightly longer, usually at least 75% of the indexing area. At its upper end, i.e. towards the cone, the cylindrical surface between the cams may have an end face that is beveled with respect to a plane orthogonal to the axis. The slope is preferably 40 ° to 50 °, especially about 45 °. Further, in the direction of the conical portion, it is preferable that a cylindrical surface in the circumferential direction is adjacent to this end face. The outer diameter of this cylindrical surface specifically corresponds to the outer diameter of the cam on the abutment so that a surface with a constant cylindrical radius is obtained around the circumference.</p><p num="0020"> According to another preferred embodiment, the abutment is open, adjacent to the index at the cervical end in the cervical direction. Has a front surface with a mouth. The threaded portion of the abutment screw can be guided through this opening. In other words, this means that the indexing part forms the last element of the abutment in the cervical direction (abutment screw that is not integrally formed with the abutment body). except). In particular, in the cervical direction, the indexing section is not followed by a further guiding section or guiding element.</p><p num="0021"> Further, the outer diameter of the surface of the indexed portion of the abutment portion is preferably larger than 80% of the outer diameter of the cam. This ensures that the surface of the indexing portion, which simultaneously forms the guiding surface as described above, can be as large as possible. In addition, for larger dimensions, the same manufacturing tolerance has a smaller effect on play.</p><p num="0022"> Also, the cam is 0.22 mm²Having a larger, radially extending cam surface Is preferable. The cam length is preferably at least 500% greater than the cam depth. The cam depth is understood as the distance between the outer diameter of the cam and the surface of the indexed portion of the abutment. By designing a cam with sufficient length, the cam surface, which forms the contact surface for the implant groove, is large enough to transmit the screwing moment during implant insertion, even if the cam depth is small. It is possible to be</p><p num="0023"> Further, it is preferable that the diameter of the cone is larger than the diameter of the cam at the cervical end. Also, the cam preferably has a chamfered portion at its cervical end. Such chamfers make it easier to insert the cam into the groove of the implant. The chamfered portion forms an insertion aid.</p><p num="0024"> The abutment also preferably has an appearance profile with a defined configuration. A short cylinder is adjacent to the cone of the abutment that emerges from the implant, and then when viewed in the cut plane passing through the axis of the abutment, the concave area is then convex, mimicking the shape of the natural tooth. The area is adjacent.</p><p num="0025"> Further, it is preferable that the surface of the indexed portion of the abutment portion is not completely cylindrical. There is preferably a bottom cut between the cam surface of the cam and the surface that acts as the guiding surface. Such undercuts allow for particularly precise generation of indexing and guiding surfaces on the abutment.</p><p num="0026"> Abutments provided with axial holes may be provided with additional threads in the area of the holes. This thread serves to receive the disassembly tool. When the abutment is inserted, the cone angle is selected so that self-locking can be obtained between the abutment and the conical surface of the implant, so the abutment cannot be easily removed. It can happen. With this thread, the abutment can be separated by fixing the disassembly tool to the abutment.</p><p num="0027"> According to yet another aspect, the present invention relates to a combination of an implant as described above and an abutment as described above. The index of the implant and abutment, and the cone of the implant and abutment, when the abutment is inserted into the implant, the cones are at least partially in contact with each other and the index is engaged with each other. It is sized and molded so that it does. For this reason, the surfaces where the cones contact each other are maximized as much as possible within tolerances.</p><p num="0028"> Particularly preferably, the abutment and the cone of the implant are of tolerance so that contact between the cones occurs at the crown edge of the implant's cone in any pair of possible abutments associated with the implant. Have tolerances within range. Due to the tolerance at the cone angle, it is not possible to actually rule out the gap between the abutment and the implant, but in any case the gap is not at the crown end, but instead from there inward. It will occur in a misaligned place. This avoids the liquid collecting in the corresponding gap.</p><p num="0029"> Also, the contact between the cones in the area of the crown margin is particularly cheap at the abutment in the implant. Provide a defined conclusion. There is, so to speak, a two-point support in the area of the guiding surface between the groove and the cam on the one hand at the upper crown edge and on the other hand.</p><p num="0030"> Further, it is preferable that the surface of the indexing portion between the cams of the abutment portion and between the grooves of the implant is sized so that the abutment portion is guided through the contact between the surfaces of the indexing portion in the implant. The surface is typically sized so that for guide surfaces with a diameter of 2-3 mm, typically 2.1 mm, the maximum play between the guide surfaces is 0.06 mm.</p><p num="0031"> According to yet another preferred embodiment, the abutment has an abutment thread and the length of the thread, in particular the arrangement, is such that the abutment hits the implant platform at the end face of its cam at the cervical end. As long as it is, it is sized so that the abutment thread cannot engage the thread of the implant. This avoids the situation where the abutment is accidentally secured to the implant by tightening the abutment screw before the abutment reaches the correct position.</p><p num="0032"> According to yet another aspect, the invention relates to a transplant set. The implant set has at least one implant and at least one abutment. Implants are designed with a receiving opening for the abutment at the crown end. The receiving opening has an implant cone adjacent to the crown end. Implants and abutments are preferably designed as described above. The abutment portion has an abutment conical portion that can be inserted into the receiving opening of the implant and can be engaged with the implant conical portion.</p><p num="0033"> The transplant set also has at least one auxiliary element. Auxiliary elements, typically occlusal screws, gingival formations, temporary abutments, and tooth profile elements are used for various tasks in the implant situation. Such elements are essentially known to those of skill in the art. According to the present invention, the auxiliary element is designed so as to be inserted into the implant so as not to contact the conical surface of the implant and to contact the anterior edge of the implant with the contact surface. This design of auxiliary elements offers various advantages. First, the conical surface of the implant remains virtually unaffected by the auxiliary elements. Therefore, damage to the conical surface due to auxiliary elements is substantially eliminated. Second, because there is no self-locking between the conical surfaces, the auxiliary parts can be separated more easily. At the same time, vertical misalignment is reliably avoided when taking the tooth profile. This is because it is the anterior surface of the implant that defines the vertical position of the tooth profile element, not the conical surface.</p><p num="0034"> Particularly preferably, the auxiliary element has an outer diameter in the area of the contact surface that is larger than the outer diameter of the abutment in this area. Thus, especially in the case of gingival formations, occlusal screws, or temporary abutments, the bone or gingiva can be formed to the extent that the insertion of the final abutment is not impaired.</p><p num="0035"> Also, in the case of an auxiliary element designed as a gingival formation, the outer diameter in the area of the contact surface is larger than the corresponding outer diameter of the auxiliary element designed as a tooth profile element. This prevents the gums from interfering with tooth shaping.</p><p num="0036"> The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the drawings, based on exemplary examples.</p>

0037<figref num="1">It is a side view of the implant according to this invention.</figref><figref num="2">It is a cross-sectional view through the implant according to FIG. 1 along the longitudinal central axis.</figref><figref num="3a">It is an enlarged view in the cross section of the implant from FIG. 1 in the area of the receiving opening .</figref><figref num="3b">It is an enlarged view in the cross section of the implant from FIG. 1 in the area of the receiving opening.</figref><figref num="4a">It is a perspective view of the abutment part according to this invention.</figref><figref num="4b">It is an enlarged view of the abutment part from FIG. 4a in the continental zone.</figref><figref num="5">It is sectional drawing which passes through the abutment part according to FIG. 4a along the central axis in the longitudinal direction.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through an implant according to the invention and an abutment according to the invention in an indexing area along a plane orthogonal to the axis.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along a longitudinal central plane through an abutment according to the invention and an implant according to the invention.</figref><figref num="8">It is an enlarged view of the abutment part according to this invention in the implant according to this invention in the cross section along the longitudinal central plane of the contiguous zone.</figref><figref num="9">FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view through an implant according to the present invention having a gingival formation along a longitudinal central plane.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view through an implant according to the present invention having a tooth profile element along a longitudinal central plane.</figref><figref num="11">It is an enlarged view of the tooth profile element and the implant from FIG. 10 in the area of the conical part of the implant.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view through an implant according to the present invention having a temporary abutment along the longitudinal central plane.</figref>

0038Figure 1 shows implant 10. The implant 10 has a body 9 having a thread 8 and a cutting edge 7 in an essentially known manner. The implant 10 is inserted into the patient's jaw using the body 9 so that the crown end 16 of the implant 10 having the end face 14 is slightly protruding from the bone or slightly lower, depending on the situation.

0039FIG. 2 shows a cross section through the central axis of the implant according to FIG. Adjacent to the crown end 16, the implant 10 has a receiving opening 15 for receiving an abutment (see FIG. 4a). Directly adjacent to the crown end 16, the receiving opening 15 has a conical portion 17. A short cylindrical portion 23 is directly adjacent to the conical portion 17. An indexing portion 18 is adjacent to the cylindrical portion 23. The indexing portion 18 is formed by a substantially cylindrical surface 19 in which three grooves 20 uniformly distributed around the circumference are arranged. The groove 20 extends radially outward from the surface 19. The groove has a lateral groove surface 21, which can engage with the corresponding cam surface of the abutment (see Figure 4a), screw-in device, or other auxiliary element, thus providing a rotary fixing means. It can be formed to allow transmission of screwing torque.

0040A platform 22 is formed between the cylindrical portion 23 and the indexing portion 18. The abutment (see Figure 4a) rests on this platform surface 22 below the cervical side of the cam if the cam on the abutment is not exactly flush with the groove 20 of the implant 10. Thereby, the intermediate position is defined. By turning the abutment relative to the implant 10, the cam and groove 20 can be oriented so that the abutment is axially moved to the end position. Implant 10 also has a thread portion 11. The abutment can be fixed to the implant 10 with abutment screws (see also Figure 7). The abutment thread is designed with respect to the thread portion 11 of the implant 10 so that the abutment thread does not engage the thread portion 11 when the abutment portion rests on the platform surface 22 in the intermediate position. ing.

00413a and 3b show enlarged cross-sections of the implant 10 in the area of the cone 17 and index 18. The same reference numerals indicate the same parts as in FIGS. 1 and 2. The conical portion 17 extends at a total cone angle α of about 15 °.

0042Below is a typical diameter of the implant and associated abutment when the implant diameter is 3.8 mm. The cone 17 has a cone length k of 1.9 mm. The length z of the cylindrical portion 23 is 0.4 mm.

0043Compared to the conical portion 17, the indexing portion 18 is made relatively long in the axial direction. The index length f is 1.8 mm.

0044The groove 20 formed in the indexing portion 18 has a groove depth t of at least 0.18 mm and a groove length n of at least 1.35 mm in the axial direction. The groove 20 therefore extends axially over at least 75% of the index length f. The index length f of 1.8 mm is almost the same as the cone length k. By particularly selecting a relatively long groove, the groove surface 21 is made relatively large, even though the groove depth t is small. As a result, deformation of the groove surface 21 due to contact with, for example, a screw-in tool is avoided.

0045As shown in FIG. 3b, a slope is provided at the bottom 24 of the groove 20. Due to the slope at the bottom 24, the groove depth n is slightly shorter on the radial outer side than on the radial inner edge of the groove. The slope of the groove (see also Figure 8) roughly corresponds to the slope at the lower edge of the implant cam (chamfer 125).

0046FIG. 4a shows a perspective view of the abutment portion 110 according to the present invention. The abutment 110 has a surface 112, which functions to directly or indirectly receive the artificial tooth. For this purpose, the surface 112 may be machined on a particular substrate. The abutment 110 has a contiguous zone 115, which allows the abutment to be inserted into the receiving area 15 of the implant 10 (see FIG. 2). The contiguous zone 115 has a conical portion 117, to which the indexing portion 118 is adjacent to the cervical end 116 of the abutment portion 110. The indexing portion 118 is composed of a substantially cylindrical surface 119, from which three cams 120 uniformly distributed around the circumference extend radially outward. The cam 120 defines a lateral cam surface 121, which is engageable with the implant groove surface 21 (see FIGS. 3a and 3b).

0047At the cervical end 116, the abutment 110 has an opening 113 at its anterior surface 122, the opening 113 forming the end of a continuous hole 109 (see FIG. 5). Abutment screws (see Figure 7) can be guided through the opening 113.

0048FIG. 4b shows an enlarged view of the indexing portion 118 of the abutment portion 110. In the axial direction, the cam 120 has a cam length N of 1.55 mm. The cam 120 has a chamfered portion 125 towards the cervical end 116 of the abutment portion 110. A bottom cut 126 is formed on the surface 119 between the cam 120 and the surface 119. The bottom cut 126 is primarily related to production technology and allows for a particularly precise finish of the surface 119, allowing the latter (surface 119) to be finished sufficiently precisely to act as a guide surface. The cam 120 has a cam depth T of 0.15 mm.

0049The cylindrical surface 119 between the cams 120 extends from the lower end of the abutment 110 to the index 118, but does not extend to the entire height. Seen axially, the cylindrical portion 119 is closed by the end face 128 towards the conical portion 117. The end face 128 is slightly sloped with respect to the plane orthogonal to the axis (see also Figure 5). Further, the abutment portion 110 has a cylindrical surface 129 in the circumferential direction toward the conical portion 117. The cylindrical portion 129 is integrated with the conical portion 117 by the ring surface 129a extending orthogonally to the axis.

0050FIG. 5 shows a cross section through the abutment 110 from FIGS. 4a and 4b along the longitudinal central axis. The abutment portion 110 has a hole 109 extending in the axial direction. The hole 109 is provided with a female screw 108 that functions to receive the disassembly tool.

0051Conical portion 117 has a total cone angle β of 15 °. The cone 117 has a cone length of 1.9 mm. Has K. The indexing portion 118 has an indexing length F of 1.95 mm. The cam has a cam length N of 1.55 mm, which substantially corresponds to the length of the index 118. A short cylindrical portion 123 is arranged between the conical portion 117 and the indexing portion 118, which is related to production technology and has no further function.

0052FIG. 6 shows a cross section through the abutment 110 inserted into the implant 10 along a plane orthogonal to the axis.

0053The cam 120 is engaged with the groove 20 so that the cam surface 121 is in contact with the groove surface 21. The outer diameter D2 of the surface 119 of the abutment 110 is substantially the same as the inner diameter d2 of the contact surface 19 of the implant 10. Thus, the abutment surface 119 between the cams 120 is guided on the surface 19 of the implant 10 between the grooves 20. Both diameters D2 and d2 are 2.1 mm and have tolerances such that the maximum play between guide surfaces is 0.06 mm or less. In addition, the minimum play is selected so that the abutment can be guided into the receiving opening of the implant.

0054The outer diameter D1 of the cam and the outer diameter d1 of the groove are also substantially the same. However, here the inducing function is not essential and therefore a gap 30 may be present. The diameters D1 and d1 are usually 2.4 mm and 2.45 mm, respectively. The cam depth T and groove depth t result from the difference between diameters D1 and D2 and the difference between diameters d1 and d2, respectively. A bottom cut 126 is also formed between the surface 119 of the abutment portion 110 and the groove 120. The bottom cut 126 is not considered when defining the cam depth T.

0055If the outer diameter of the abutment surface 119 and the inner diameter of the implant 10 surface 19 are 2.1 mm each, the cam 120 and groove 20 will have a cam width and groove width of approximately 0.7 mm when viewed in the circumferential direction, respectively. Have.

0056FIG. 7 shows a cross section through an abutment 110 inserted into the implant 10 and secured to the thread 11 of the implant 10 with an abutment screw 111. The indexing portions 18, 118 of the implant 10 and the abutment portion 110 are engaged with each other so as to generate a rotational fixation. Due to the small tolerances of the surfaces 19 and 119, the abutment 110 is guided into the implant 10 and thereby precisely held at its cervical end 116. The conical surface 117 of the abutment 110 and the conical surface 17 of the implant 10 have tolerances such that in any case the contact between the conical surfaces 17 and 117 is made in the area of the crown end 16 of the implant. Thus, the abutment 110 can be supported within the implant 10 in two areas that are as axially spaced as possible from each other. These support areas are at maximum spacing, providing a particularly high degree of stability. At the same time, the gap between the abutment 110 and the implant 10 in the area of crown end 16 is avoided.

0057In the area where the abutment 110 emerges from the implant 10, the abutment has an outer diameter D11, which substantially corresponds to the inner diameter of the receiving opening 15 at its crown end 16 of the implant ( See also Figure 8). As also shown in FIG. 8, the anterior edge 14 of the implant 10 is not covered by the abutment 110.

0058FIG. 9 shows the implant 10 from FIG. 1 with an auxiliary element designed as a gingival formation 310 inserted. Gingival formations are essentially known to those of skill in the art. The gingival formation 310 is designed so that there is no contact between the conical portion 17 and the gingival formation 310 at the receiving opening 15 of the implant, particularly at the conical portion 17. Instead, the gingival formation 310 rests on the anterior edge 14 of the implant 10 at the contact surface 311. The conical gap 312 between the conical surface 17 of the implant and the gingival formation avoids damage to the conical surface 17. Gingival shape in the area where the gingival formation emerges from the implant 10, i.e. adjacent to the anterior edge 14. The outer diameter D31 of the adult is 3.5 mm. It is therefore larger than the abutment outer diameter D11 (see Figures 7 and 8) of 3.05 mm at the corresponding location.

005910 and 11 show the implant 10 from FIG. 1 with an auxiliary element designed as a tooth profile element 410 inserted.

0060The tooth profile element 410 has a contact surface 411, which, in the inserted state, rests on the anterior edge 14 of the implant (see also Figure 11). The dentate element 410 is designed so that, in the inserted state, a conical gap 412 is formed between the dentate element and the conical portion 17 of the implant 10. Thus, the axial or vertical position of the tooth profile element 410 with respect to the implant 10 is precisely defined by the contact between the contact surface 411 and the anterior edge 14. There is no vertical deviation due to the intersection of cone angles and diameters.

0061The tooth profile element 410 also has an indexing portion 418 (not shown in detail), which is designed substantially similar to the indexing portion 118 of the abutment portion (see FIGS. 4a, 4b). ing.

0062The diameter D41 of the tooth profile element in the area where the tooth profile element emerges from the implant 10 is larger than the abutment diameter D11 (see Figures 7 and 8) at the same location, outside the gingival formation at the corresponding location. Substantially the same as or slightly smaller than the diameter D31 (see Figure 9).

0063Instead of the implant 10 and the abutment 110 as shown in FIG. 7, a temporary abutment 510 (see FIG. 12) that does not touch the conical surface of the implant 10 but abuts the anterior edge 14 of the implant 10 is used in the implant 10. It is also possible to temporarily install it in.

0064The implant 10 and the abutment 110 are produced and designed in an essentially known manner. They are usually made of biocompatible materials such as titanium or ceramic. Depending on the tooth to be replaced, the implant and abutment have different dimensions, so the above measurements should be considered as an example. For larger or smaller implants, the corresponding dimensions are uniformly increased or decreased so that the relationships between the individual lengths and dimensions remain substantially unchanged.

0065The total cone angle always remains the same, independent of the size of the implant, but the cone length can vary with different diameters.

0066As an example, individual measurements (unit: mm or mm) for implants with diameters of 3.3 mm, 3.8 mm (see also above), 4.3 mm, and 5 mm.²), The following Shown in the table.

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