End effector with redundant closing mechanisms
17 claims: 12 independent, 5 dependent
- 1手術ツールであって、 該手術ツールは、 近位端および遠位端を有する細長いシャフトと、 該シャフトの該遠位端に配置されるツール本体と、 クランプ構成と開放構成との間で該ツール本体に対して可動なジョーと、 該ジョーに連結され、該クランプ構成と該開放構成との間で該ツール本体に対する該ジョーの位置を変化させるように操作可能な第1の作動機構 であって、該第1の作動機構は、該ジョーに操作可能に連結される少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントを備え、該少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントに張力を印加することは、該ジョーを移動させる、第1の作動機構 と、 該ジョーに連結される第2の作動機構であって、 該第2の作動機構は、該ジョーのカム嵌合面と接触して該ジョーの移動可能な限度を決定するように構成される駆動式カムを備え、該第2の作動機構は、 該ジョーが該クランプ構成に 制限 される第1の構成と、該ジョー の 該ツール本体 に対する移動 が該第2の作動機構によって 制限 されない第2の構成とを有 し、その結果、該ジョーは、該クランプ構成と該開放構成との間で移動可能である、 第2の作動機構と を備え、 該ジョーは、ジョー枢動部の遠位側で開放および閉鎖し、該第1の作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該ジョーに力を印加して該ジョーの位置を変化させ、該第2の作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該ジョーに力を印加して該ジョーを該クランプ構成に 制限 する、手術ツール。
- 2前記第1の作動機構は、逆駆動可能である、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 3前記第1の作動機構の第1のケーブルセグメントの牽引運動は、前記開放構成へと前記ジョーを移動させ、 該第1の作動機構の第2のケーブルセグメントの牽引運動は、前記クランプ構成へと該ジョーを移動させる、請求項 1 に記載のツール。
- 4前記第1の作動機構は、 前記第1のケーブルセグメントを前記ジョーおよび前記ツール本体に連結する第1の連結部と、 前記第2のケーブルセグメントを該ジョーおよび該ツール本体に連結する第2の連結部と をさらに備えている、請求項 3 に記載のツール。
- 5前記ジョーに対する外力の印加は、前記駆動式カムを移動させることができない、 請求項1に記載のツール。
- 6前記第2の作動機構は、前記ジョーと前記ツール本体との間に少なくとも89Nのクランプ力を生成するように操作可能である、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 7前記第2の作動機構は、 前記駆動式カムと操作可能に連結される 親ねじを備える、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 8作動デバイスをさらに備える、請求項1に記載のツール。
- 9第1の駆動部を有するマニピュレータに装着するためのロボットツールであって、 該マニピュレータに解放可能に装着可能な近位ツール筐体と、 該ツール筐体に連結され、該ツール筐体に隣接して配置される駆動モータと、 可動なジョーを備える遠位エンドエフェクタと、 該筐体に隣接する近位端と、該エンドエフェクタに隣接する遠位端とを有する、器具シャフトと、 該エンドエフェクタを開放構成とクランプ構成との間で 移動 させるように、該筐体が該マニピュレータに装着されるときに、該第1の駆動部を該エンドエフェクタに連結する、 少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントを備える 第1の作動機構 であって、該少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントに張力を印加することは、該可動なジョーを移動させる、第1の作動機構 と、 該エンドエフェクタを該開放構成から該クランプ構成に 移動 させるように、該駆動モータを該エンドエフェクタに連結する、第2の作動機構 であって、該第2の作動機構は、該可動なジョーのカム嵌合面と接触して該可動なジョーの移動可能な限度を決定するように構成される駆動式カムを備える、第2の作動機構 と を備え、 該可動なジョーは、ジョー枢動部の遠位側で開放および閉鎖し、該第1の作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該ジョーに力を印加して該可動なジョーの位置を変化させ、該第2の作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該可動なジョーに力を印加して該可動なジョーを該クランプ構成に保持する、ロボットツール。
- 10前記第1の作動機構は、逆駆動可能である、請求項 9 に記載のツール。
- 11前記可動なジョーに対する外力の印加は、前記駆動式カムを移動させることができない、 請求項 9 に記載のツール。
- 12前記第2の作動機構は、 前記ジョーが前記クランプ構成に保持される第1の構成と、 該ジョー の 前記ツール本体 に対する移動が該 第2の作動機構によって 制限 されない第2の構成と を有 し、その結果、該ジョーは、該クランプ構成と該開放構成との間で移動可能である、 請求項 9 に記載のツール。
- 13前記第2の作動機構は、前記器具シャフトの孔の中で回転するように装着され、前記エンドエフェクタを前記駆動モータに操作可能に連結する駆動シャフトを備える、請求項 9 に記載のツール。
- 14手術器具であって、 該手術器具は、 可動なジョーを備えるエンドエフェクタと、 該可動なジョーに連結される第1のジョー作動機構と、 該可動なジョーに連結される第2のジョー作動機構と を備え、 該第1のジョー作動機構は、該第2のジョー作動機構とは独立して該ジョーを開放位置から閉鎖位置に移動させ、 該第1のジョー作動機構は、該可動なジョーに操作可能に連結される少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントを備え、該少なくとも1つのケーブルセグメントに張力を印加することは、該可動なジョーを移動させ、 該第2のジョー作動機構は、該第1のジョー作動機構とは独立して該ジョーを該開放位置から該閉鎖位置に移動させ、 該第2のジョー作動機構は、該可動なジョーのカム嵌合面と接触して該可動なジョーの移動可能な限度を決定するように構成される駆動式カムを備え、 該可動なジョーは、ジョー枢動部の遠位側で開放および閉鎖し、該第1のジョー作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該可動なジョーに力を印加して該可動なジョーの位置を変化させ、該第2のジョー作動機構は、該ジョー枢動部の近位側で該可動なジョーに力を印加して該可動なジョーを該閉鎖位置に保持する、手術器具。
- 15第1の構成にある前記第2のジョー作動機構は、前記第1のジョー作動機構が前記可動なジョーを移動させるのを防止する前記閉鎖位置に該可動なジョーを保持する、請求項 14 に記載の手術器具。
- 16前記第2のジョー作動機構によって提供される前記可動なジョーの最大クランプ力は、前記第1のジョー作動機構によって提供される該可動なジョーの最大クランプ力よりも大きい、請求項 15 に記載の手術器具。
- 17前記ジョーを前記開放位置から前記閉鎖位置に移動させるために前記第1のジョー作動機構によって使用される力は、線形の力を含み、 該ジョーを該開放位置から該閉鎖位置に移動させるために前記第2のジョー作動機構によって使用される力は、トルクを含む、請求項 14 に記載の手術器具。
Independent claims17
39 paragraphs, as filed
0001(Citation of related application) This application claims the benefits of US Patent Application No. 61 / 260,907 (filed November 13, 2009; named "End Effector with Redundant Closing Mechanisms") under 35 USC 119 (e). This US application is incorporated herein by reference. This application also applies to US Patent Application No. xx / xxx, xxx (filed on the same day; name "Wrist Articulation By Linked Pull Rods") [Agent Case Number ISRG 02320 / US], US Patent Application No. xx / xxx, xxx ( Filed on the same day; name "Double Universal Joint") [agent case number ISRG 02340 / US], US patent application number xx / xxx, xxx (filed on the same day; name "Surgical Tool Containing Two Degree of Freedom Wrist") [proxy Person case number ISRG 02350 / US] and US patent application number xx / xxx, xxx (filed on the same day; name "Motor Interface" For Parallel Drive Shafts Within an Independently Rotating Member ), all of which are incorporated herein by reference.
0002Minimally invasive surgical techniques are aimed at reducing the amount of external tissue damaged during a diagnostic or surgical procedure, thereby reducing patient recovery time, discomfort, and adverse side effects. As a result, minimally invasive surgical techniques may be used to significantly reduce the average length of hospitalization for standard surgery. Also, patient recovery time, patient discomfort, side effects of surgery, and time off from work may be reduced with minimally invasive surgery.
0003Endoscopy is a common form of minimally invasive surgery, and a common form of endoscopy is laparoscopy, which is a minimally invasive examination and surgery inside the abdominal cavity. In standard laparoscopic surgery, the patient's abdomen is gas blown and the cannula sleeve is passed through a small (about 1/2 inch or less) incision to provide an entry port for laparoscopic instruments.
0004Laparoscopic surgical instruments generally include an endoscope (laparoscope) for visualizing the surgical field and tools for working at the surgical site. Working tools are used in conventional (incision) surgery, except that the working end or end effector of each tool is separated from its handle by an extension tube (eg, also known as an instrument shaft or main shaft). It is typically similar to the one. End effectors can include, for example, clamps, gripping devices, scissors, anastomoses, cautery tools, linear cutters, or needle holders.
0005To perform a surgical procedure, the surgeon passes a work tool or instrument through the cannula sleeve to the internal surgical site and operates them from the outside of the abdomen. The surgeon visually recognizes the procedure using a monitor that displays an image of the surgical site obtained from the endoscope. Similar endoscopy techniques are available, for example, arthroscopy, retroperitoneum, pelvic, renal pelvic, cystoscopy, cisternoscopy, cystoscopy, hysteroscopy, urethroscopy, and equivalent. Adopted by things.
0006Minimally invasive remote surgery robotic systems increase surgeon dexterity when working at internal surgical sites and allow surgeons to operate on patients from remote locations (outside the sterile field). It is being developed. In remote surgery systems, surgeons are often provided with images of the surgical site on the control console. While viewing a three-dimensional image of the surgical site on a suitable viewer or display, the surgeon performs the surgical procedure on the patient by manipulating the master input or control device of the control console. Each of the master input devices controls the movement of surgical instruments that are servo-mechanically actuated / joint-operated. During a surgical procedure, the remote surgery system performs various functions for the surgeon, such as holding or driving a needle, grasping a blood vessel, dissociating tissue, etc., depending on the operation of the master input device. , Can provide mechanical operation and control of various surgical instruments or tools with end effectors.
0007Non-robot linear clamping, cutting, and anastomotic devices have been employed in many different surgical procedures. For example, such devices can be used to remove cancerous or abnormal tissue from the gastrointestinal tract. Unfortunately, many surgical devices, including known linear clamping, cutting, and anastomotic devices, have opposing jaws that can generate forces that are less than the desired clamping force, which is the effectiveness of the surgical device. Can be reduced. Alternative devices may provide sufficient mechanical advantage to generate the desired level of clamping force for available surgical procedures (eg, tissue anastomosis), but the desired operation for tissue manipulation by remote surgery. It may not meet the response speed. Moreover, replacing tools with such a powerful jaw actuation mechanism can be more complex than ideal (potentially more glitch-prone).
0008Therefore, it is considered that there is a need for tools with improved end effectors. An improved end effector that provides sufficient clamping force, provides a rapid response / weak joint motion mode, and is at least partially reverse driven may also be desirable. Such tools can be useful in surgical applications, especially in minimally invasive surgical applications.
<p num="0009"> Provides improved end effectors, related tools, and related methods. In many surgical applications, such as many minimally invasive surgical applications, the size of the surgical tool end effector is substantially constrained by the constraints of available space. While such size constraints are relaxed in favor of one actuation mechanism, in many embodiments the disclosed end effectors are two independent to articulate the end effector jaws. Use the mechanism that was used. In many embodiments, the first actuation mechanism provides a rapid response / weak force mode that changes the position of the joint motion jaws between the clamp configuration and the open configuration. In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism is reverse driveable. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism has a first configuration in which the articulating jaws are held in a clamp configuration and a second configuration in which the articulating jaws are not constrained by the second actuating mechanism. Provides a clamping force mode. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism is non-reverse driveable.</p><p num="0010"> Such end effectors, tools, and methods offer numerous benefits, especially for minimally invasive surgical applications. For example, in many embodiments, the high clamping force actuation mode allows proper tissue compression and, for example, resists the movement of the jaws while firing the staples. In many embodiments, the rapid response / weak force mode is useful for manipulating tissue, finding a more optimal tissue grip, and provides a more responsive joint motion of the joint motion jaw. To do. In many embodiments, the reverse driveable first actuating mechanism allows the joint motion jaws to move when in close contact with the patient's tissue to avoid damaging the patient's tissue. It can be helpful and / or allow the articulating jaws to close when in contact with the cannula sleeve, which can assist in removing the surgical tool from the patient. Also, because redundant actuation mechanisms can provide additional feedback data for analysis, the disclosed end effectors can provide improved detection of tissue gaps and / or tissue compression, and many embodiments. Then, the first actuating mechanism can be made to function with low friction loss and high efficiency, and can improve the sensing ability. Although the various embodiments disclosed herein are described primarily in relation to surgical applications, these surgical applications are merely exemplary applications and the disclosed end effectors, tools, and methods. Can be used in other suitable applications, such as both inside and outside of the human body and non-surgical applications.</p><p num="0011"> In a first aspect, a minimally invasive surgical method is provided. The method involves introducing a tool jaw into the patient's internal surgical site through a minimally invasive or natural opening, and by jointing the jaw with a first actuating mechanism, tissue at the internal surgical site using gripping force. Includes a step of manipulating the target tissue and a step of treating the target tissue at the internal surgical site using a clamping force by articulating the jaws of the tool with a second actuation mechanism. The first and second actuating mechanisms extend along the shaft from the outside of the patient to the jaws. The clamping force is larger than the gripping force.</p><p num="0012"> In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism comprises a cable segment and the second actuating mechanism comprises a drive shaft. In many embodiments, tissue manipulation is performed by using the tension of the first cable segment to close the jaws and by using the tension of the second cable segment to open the jaws. In many embodiments, tissue treatment is performed within the shaft of the tool by closing the jaws using the rotation of the drive shaft. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism reverses and opens the first actuating mechanism such that the joint movement of the second actuating mechanism to close the jaw drives the cable segment into a closed jaw configuration. The joint movement of the second actuating mechanism to the jaw configuration does not reverse drive the first mechanism or opens the jaw if the cable segment remains in the closed jaw configuration.</p><p num="0013"> In another aspect, surgical tools are provided. The tool connects to an elongated shaft with proximal and distal ends, a tool body located at the distal end of the shaft, a movable jaw to the tool body between the clamp and open configurations, and a jaw. It includes a first actuating mechanism to be mounted and a second actuating mechanism connected to a jaw. The first actuating mechanism can be manipulated to change the position of the jaws with respect to the tool body between the clamp configuration and the open configuration. The second actuating mechanism has a first configuration in which the jaws are held in the clamp configuration and a second configuration in which the position of the jaws with respect to the tool body is not constrained by the second actuating mechanism.</p><p num="0014"> The first actuating mechanism can include one or more additional components and / or can have one or more additional features. For example, in many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism is reverse driveable. In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism includes a cable. In many embodiments, the traction of the first cable segment of the first actuating mechanism moves the jaw to the open configuration and the traction of the second cable segment of the first actuating mechanism to the clamp configuration. And move Joe. The first actuating mechanism can include a first connecting portion that connects the first cable segment to the jaw and the tool body. The first actuating mechanism can include a second connecting portion that connects the second cable segment to the jaw and the tool body.</p><p num="0015"> The second actuating mechanism can include one or more additional components and / or can have one or more additional features. For example, in many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism cannot be reverse driven. The second actuating mechanism can be manipulated to generate a clamping force of at least 20 lb between the jaw and the tool body. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism includes a lead thread. The second actuating mechanism can include a lead screw driven cam that is operably coupled to the lead screw, and the jaw can include a mating cam surface for contact with the lead screw driven cam.</p><p num="0016"> Surgical tools can include one or more additional components. For example, surgical tools can further include actuating devices. For example, the actuating device may be a cutting device, an anastomotic device, or a cutting and anastomotic device.</p><p num="0017"> In another embodiment, a robot tool for mounting on a manipulator having a first drive unit is provided. The robot tool includes a proximal tool housing that can be releasably mounted on the manipulator, a drive motor that is connected to the tool housing and located adjacent to the tool housing, and a distal end effector with a movable jaw. The housing is a manipulator so that the instrument shaft, which has a proximal end adjacent to the housing and a distal end adjacent to the end effector, articulates the end effector between the open and clamp configurations. When mounted, the first actuating mechanism that connects the first drive unit to the end effector and the drive motor that connects the drive motor to the end effector so that the end effector articulates from the open configuration to the clamp configuration. Includes 2 actuating mechanisms.</p><p num="0018"> The first actuating mechanism can include one or more additional components and / or can have one or more additional features. For example, in many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism is reverse driveable. The first actuating mechanism can include a cable extending distally from the housing in the hole in the instrument shaft that operably connects the end effector to the first drive.</p><p num="0019"> The second actuating mechanism can include one or more additional components and / or can have one or more additional features. For example, in many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism cannot be reverse driven. The second actuating mechanism can include a lead screw driven cam. The second actuating mechanism can have a first configuration in which the jaws are held in the clamp configuration and a second configuration in which the position of the jaws with respect to the tool body is not constrained by the second actuating mechanism. A second actuating mechanism can include a drive shaft that is mounted rotatably in a hole in the instrument shaft and operably connects the end effector to the drive motor .</p><p num="0020"> In another embodiment, surgical instruments are provided. Surgical instruments include an end effector with a movable jaw, a first jaw actuating mechanism connected to the movable jaw, and a second jaw actuating mechanism connected to the movable jaw. The first jaw actuating mechanism moves the jaws from the open position to the closed position independently of the second jaw actuating mechanism. The second jaw actuating mechanism moves the jaws from the open position to the closed position independently of the first jaw actuating mechanism.</p><p num="0021"> The second jaw mechanism can limit the range of motion in which the first actuating mechanism can move the jaws. For example, the second actuating mechanism can have a first configuration in which the movable jaw is held in a clamp position and the first actuating mechanism prevents the movable jaw from moving.</p><p num="0022"> The first actuation mechanism can provide a rapid response / weak joint motion mode and the second actuation mechanism can provide a high clamping force mode. For example, in many embodiments, the maximum clamping force of the movable jaw provided by the second actuating mechanism is greater than the maximum clamping force provided by the first actuating mechanism.</p><p num="0023"> The first and second actuating mechanisms can employ different force transmission mechanisms. For example, the force used by the first jaw actuating mechanism to move the jaw from the open position to the closed position can include a linear force and a second force to move the jaw from the open position to the closed position. The force used by the jaw actuating mechanism can include torque. In many embodiments, the first jaw actuating mechanism includes a cable driven mechanism. In many embodiments, the second jaw actuating mechanism includes a lead screw driven mechanism.</p><p num="0024"> In order to better understand the nature and advantages of the present invention, the following detailed description and accompanying drawings should be mentioned. Other aspects, objectives, and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the drawings and detailed description below.<u style="single"> For example, the present invention provides the following items:</u><u style="single">(Item 1)</u><u style="single"> A minimally invasive surgical method</u><u style="single"> Introducing a tool jaw into the internal surgical site within the patient through a minimally invasive opening or a natural orifice,</u><u style="single"> By jointly moving the jaw with the first actuating mechanism, the tissue is manipulated at the internal surgical site using a gripping force, the first actuating mechanism is from the outside of the patient to the jaw. It extends along the shaft, and</u><u style="single"> The second actuating mechanism is to treat the target tissue at the internal surgical site by using a clamping force by articulating the jaws of the tool with the second actuating mechanism of the patient. It extends from the outside to the jaw along the shaft, and the clamping force is greater than the gripping force.</u><u style="single"> Including methods.</u><u style="single">(Item 2)</u><u style="single"> The operation of the tissue is performed by using the tension of the first cable segment to close the jaw and using the tension of the second cable segment to open the jaw, and the first operation. The mechanism comprises the cable segment and treatment of the tissue is performed by closing the jaw using rotation of the drive shaft within the shaft of the tool and the second actuating mechanism is the drive. The method of item 1, comprising a shaft.</u><u style="single">(Item 3)</u><u style="single"> The second mechanism reversely drives the first mechanism so that the joint movement of the second actuating mechanism that closes the jaw drives the cable segment into the closed jaw configuration, and the open jaw configuration. The method of item 2, wherein the joint motion of the second actuating mechanism does not reverse drive the first mechanism or opens the jaws if the cable segment remains in a closed jaw configuration.</u><u style="single">(Item 4)</u><u style="single"> An elongated shaft with proximal and distal ends,</u><u style="single"> A tool body located at the distal end of the shaft and</u><u style="single"> A jaw that is movable with respect to the tool body between the clamp configuration and the open configuration,</u><u style="single"> A first actuating mechanism that is coupled to the jaw and can be manipulated to change the position of the jaw with respect to the tool body between the clamp configuration and the open configuration.</u><u style="single"> A second actuating mechanism coupled to the jaw, wherein the jaw is held in the clamp configuration and the position of the jaw with respect to the tool body is not constrained by the second actuating mechanism. With a second actuating mechanism having two configurations</u><u style="single"> Features a surgical tool.</u><u style="single">(Item 5)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 4, wherein the first operating mechanism is reverse driveable.</u><u style="single">(Item 6)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 4, wherein the first operating mechanism is a cable.</u><u style="single">(Item 7)</u><u style="single"> The traction motion of the first cable segment of the first actuating mechanism moves the jaw to the open configuration.</u><u style="single"> The tool of item 6, wherein the traction motion of the second cable segment of the first actuating mechanism moves the jaw into the clamp configuration.</u><u style="single">(Item 8)</u><u style="single"> The first operating mechanism is</u><u style="single"> A first connecting portion that connects the first cable segment to the jaw and the tool body,</u><u style="single"> With a second connecting portion that connects the second cable segment to the jaw and the tool body</u><u style="single"> The tools described in item 7, further equipped with.</u><u style="single">(Item 9)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 4, wherein the second operating mechanism is not reverse driveable.</u><u style="single">(Item 10)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 4, wherein the second actuating mechanism can be operated to generate a clamping force of at least 20 lbs between the jaw and the tool body.</u><u style="single">(Item 11)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 4, wherein the second operating mechanism is equipped with a lead screw.</u><u style="single">(Item 12)</u><u style="single"> The second actuating mechanism further comprises a lead screw driven cam that is operably connected to the lead screw.</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 11, wherein the jaw comprises a joint cam surface for contacting the lead screw driven cam.</u><u style="single">(Item 13)</u><u style="single"> The tool described in item 4, further equipped with a working device.</u><u style="single">(Item 14)</u><u style="single"> A robot tool for mounting on a manipulator having a first drive unit.</u><u style="single"> A proximal tool housing that can be releasably attached to the manipulator,</u><u style="single"> A drive motor connected to the tool housing and arranged adjacent to the tool housing,</u><u style="single"> A distal end effector with a movable jaw,</u><u style="single"> An instrument shaft having a proximal end adjacent to the enclosure and a distal end adjacent to the end effector.</u><u style="single"> A first actuation that connects the first drive unit to the end effector when the housing is mounted on the manipulator so that the end effector is articulated between the open configuration and the clamp configuration. Mechanism and</u><u style="single"> With a second actuating mechanism that connects the drive motor to the end effector so that the end effector is jointly operated from the open configuration to the clamp configuration.</u><u style="single"> Features a robot tool.</u><u style="single">(Item 15)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 14, wherein the first operating mechanism is reverse driveable.</u><u style="single">(Item 16)</u><u style="single"> Item 14. The first actuating mechanism comprises a cable extending distally from the housing in a hole in the instrument shaft that operably connects the end effector to the first drive unit. Described tools.</u><u style="single">(Item 17)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 14, wherein the second operating mechanism is non-reverse driveable.</u><u style="single">(Item 18)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 14, wherein the second actuating mechanism is a lead screw driven cam.</u><u style="single">(Item 19)</u><u style="single"> The second operating mechanism is</u><u style="single"> The first configuration in which the jaw is held in the clamp configuration and</u><u style="single"> With a second configuration in which the position of the jaw with respect to the tool body is not constrained by the second operating mechanism.</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 14, which has.</u><u style="single">(Item 20)</u><u style="single"> The tool according to item 14, wherein the second actuating mechanism is mounted so as to rotate in a hole in the instrument shaft and comprises a drive shaft that operably connects the end effector to the drive motor.</u><u style="single">(Item 21)</u><u style="single"> An end effector with a movable jaw and</u><u style="single"> A first jaw actuating mechanism connected to the movable jaw,</u><u style="single"> With a second jaw actuating mechanism connected to the movable jaw</u><u style="single"> With</u><u style="single"> The first jaw actuating mechanism moves the jaw from the open position to the closed position independently of the second jaw actuating mechanism.</u><u style="single"> The second jaw actuating mechanism is a surgical instrument that moves the jaw from the open position to the closed position independently of the first jaw actuating mechanism.</u><u style="single">(Item 22)</u><u style="single"> 21. The second jaw actuating mechanism in the first configuration holds the movable jaw in a clamp position that prevents the first jaw actuating mechanism from moving the movable jaw. Surgical instruments.</u><u style="single">(Item 23)</u><u style="single"> The surgery according to item 22, wherein the maximum clamping force of the movable jaw provided by the second jaw actuating mechanism is greater than the maximum clamping force of the movable jaw provided by the first jaw actuating mechanism. Instrument.</u><u style="single">(Item 24)</u><u style="single"> The force used by the first jaw actuating mechanism to move the jaw from the open position to the closed position includes a linear force.</u><u style="single"> 21. The surgical instrument according to item 21, wherein the force used by the second jaw actuating mechanism to move the jaw from the open position to the closed position includes torque.</u><u style="single">(Item 25)</u><u style="single"> The first jaw actuating mechanism is provided with a cable-driven mechanism.</u><u style="single"> The surgical instrument according to item 21, wherein the second jaw actuating mechanism includes a lead screw driven mechanism.</u></p>
0025<figref num="1">FIG. 1 is a plan view of a minimally invasive robotic surgery system used to perform surgery, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 2 is a perspective view of a surgeon's control console for a robotic surgery system, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 is a perspective view of an electronic cart of a robotic surgery system according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 graphically illustrates a robotic surgery system according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="5A">FIG. 5A is a front view of a patient-side cart (surgical robot) of a robotic surgery system, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="5B">FIG. 5B is a front view of the robotic surgery tool.</figref><figref num="6A">FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an end effector with joint motion jaws, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="6B">FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the end effector of FIG. 6A according to many embodiments (joint motion jaws removed to better illustrate the components of the lead screw actuating mechanism).</figref><figref num="7A">7A and 7B illustrate the components of the lead screw actuating mechanism, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="7B">7A and 7B illustrate the components of the lead screw actuating mechanism, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="8A">FIG. 8A illustrates the components of the cable actuation mechanism, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="8B">FIG. 8B is a perspective view of the end effector of FIG. 8A with a portion of the joint motion jaw removed to show the components of the cable actuation mechanism located behind the joint motion jaw, according to many embodiments. ..</figref><figref num="8C">8C-8F illustrate the components on the opposite side of the cable actuation mechanism of FIG. 8A.</figref><figref num="8D">8C-8F illustrate the components on the opposite side of the cable actuation mechanism of FIG. 8A.</figref><figref num="8E">8C-8F illustrate the components on the opposite side of the cable actuation mechanism of FIG. 8A.</figref><figref num="8F">8C-8F illustrate the components on the opposite side of the cable actuation mechanism of FIG. 8A.</figref><figref num="9A">FIG. 9A is a perspective view illustrating a cable actuation mechanism showing a cable used to articulate a jaw into a clamp configuration, according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="9B">FIG. 9B is a perspective view illustrating the cable actuation mechanism of FIG. 9A, showing the cable used to articulate the jaws in an open configuration.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the components of the lead screw actuating mechanism according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram of the tool assembly according to many embodiments.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 12 is a simplified schematic diagram of a robot tool mounted on a robot tool manipulator according to many embodiments.</figref>
0026Provides improved end effectors, related tools, and related methods. In many embodiments, the disclosed end effector uses two independent mechanisms to actuate the end effector jaws. In many embodiments, the first actuation mechanism provides a rapid response / weak force mode that changes the position of the joint motion jaws between the clamp configuration and the open configuration. In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism is reverse driveable. The first actuating mechanism can be designed to provide, for example, a clamping force of 5 lb at the tip of the articulated jaw of the end effector. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism has a first configuration in which the articulating jaws are held in the clamp configuration and a second configuration in which the articulating jaws are constrained by the second actuating mechanism. Provides a high clamping force mode. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism is non-reverse driveable. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism converts a relatively weak (but large displacement) force or torque into a relatively high torque that rotates the end effector jaws. The second actuation mechanism can be designed to provide, for example, 50 lbs of clamping force at the tip of the end effector's articulating jaws. The disclosed end effectors, tools, and methods can be used in a variety of applications and can be particularly beneficial when used in minimally invasive surgical applications. Although the various embodiments disclosed herein are described primarily in relation to surgical applications, these surgical applications are merely exemplary applications and the disclosed end effectors, tools, and methods. Can be used in other suitable applications, such as both inside and outside of the human body and non-surgical applications.
0027Minimally invasive robotic surgery With reference to the drawings (over several figures, similar reference numbers represent similar parts), FIG. 1 is a plan view of Minimally Invasive Robotic Assisted Surgery (MIRS) System 10. The system 10 is typically used to perform a minimally invasive diagnosis or surgical procedure on a patient 12 lying on an operating table 14. The system includes a surgeon console 16 for use by the surgeon 18 during the procedure. One or more assistants 20 may also participate in the procedure. The MIRS system 10 can further include a patient-side cart 22 (surgical robot) and an electronic cart 24. The patient-side cart 22 is an instrument or tool assembly 26 (hereafter referred to as one removable) that is connected through a minimally invasive incision in the patient 12's body while the surgeon 18 is viewing the surgical site through the console 16. You can operate (simply called "tools"). The image of the surgical site can be obtained by an endoscope 28 such as a stereoscopic endoscope, which can be operated by the patient-side cart 22 so as to orient the endoscope 28. The electronic cart 24 can be used to process images of the surgical site for later display to the surgeon 18 through the surgeon's console 16. The number of surgical tools 26 used at one time generally depends on the diagnostic or surgical procedure, and the spatial constraints of the operating room, among other factors. If it is necessary to replace one or more of the tools 26 used during the procedure, assistant 20 removes the tool 26 from the patient-side cart 22 and removes it from tray 30 in the operating room. May be replaced with tool 26.
0028FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the surgeon's console 16. The surgeon's console 16 includes a left-eye display 32 and a right-eye display 34 for presenting a coordinated stereoscopic image of the surgical site to the surgeon 18, which enables depth perception. The console 16 further includes one or more input control devices 36, which in turn cause the patient cart 22 (shown in FIG. 1) to operate one or more tools. The input control device 36 provides telepresence, that is, the perception that the control device 36 is integrated with the tool 26, so that the surgeon has a strong sense of direct control of the tool 26. It provides the same degrees of freedom as shown in Figure 1). To this end, position, force, and tactile feedback sensors (not shown) have been adopted to return the position, force, and tactile sensation from the tool 26 to the surgeon's hand through the input control device 36. May be good.
0029The surgeon's console 16 is usually in the same room as the patient so that the surgeon can directly monitor the procedure, be physically present if necessary, and speak directly to the assistant rather than by telephone or other communication medium. Located inside. However, the surgeon can be located in a different room than the patient, in a completely different building, or in another remote location, allowing remote surgical procedures (ie, operating from outside the sterile field).
0030FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the electronic cart 24. The electronic cart 24 can be coupled to the endoscope 28 and can be displayed later to the surgeon or the like on the surgeon's console or on any other suitable display located locally and / or remotely. It can include a processor that processes the captured image. For example, when a stereoscopic endoscope is used, the electronic cart 24 can process the captured image so as to present a coordinated stereoscopic image of the surgical site to the surgeon. Such coordination can include matching between opposed images and can include the step of adjusting the stereoscopic working distance of the stereoscopic endoscope. As another embodiment, image processing can include the use of previously determined camera calibration parameters to compensate for imaging errors of the image capture device such as optical aberrations.
0031FIG. 4 graphically illustrates the robotic surgery system 50 (such as the MIRS system 10 in FIG. 1). As mentioned above, the surgeon's console 52 (such as the surgeon's console 16 in FIG. 1) controls the patient-side cart (surgical robot) 54 (such as the patient-side cart 22 in FIG. 1) during a minimally invasive procedure. Can be used by. The patient-side cart 54 may use an imaging device such as a stereoscopic endoscope to capture an image of the procedure site and output the captured image to the electronic cart 56 (electronic cart 24 or the like in FIG. 1). it can. As mentioned above, the electronic cart 56 can process the captured images in various ways before subsequent display. For example, the electronic cart 56 can superimpose the captured image on the virtual control panel interface before displaying the combined image to the surgeon via the surgeon's console 52. The patient-side cart 54 can output captured images for processing outside the electronic cart 56. For example, the patient-side cart 54 can output the captured image to a processor 58 that can be used to process the captured image. Images can also be processed by a combination of electronic cart 56 and processor 58, which can be concatenated together, contiguously, and / or in combination thereof, to process captured images. .. One or more separate displays 60 may also be coupled with the processor 58 and / or electronic cart 56 for local and / or remote display of images such as images of the procedure site, or any other related image. ..
0032Figures 5A and 5B show the patient-side cart 22 and the surgical tool 62, respectively. The surgical tool 62 is an example of the surgical tool 26. The patient-side cart 22 shown provides operation of three surgical tools 26 and an imaging device 28 such as a stereoscope used to capture images of the site of the procedure. The operation is provided by a robotic mechanism with several robotic joints. The imaging device 28 and the surgical tool 26 can be positioned and manipulated through the patient's incision so that the kinematic remote center is maintained in the incision to minimize the size of the incision. The image of the surgical site can include an image of the distal end of the surgical tool 26 when positioned within the field of view of the imaging device 28.
0033Joint movement of the end effector jaw by an independent operating mechanism In many embodiments, two independent actuation mechanisms are used to control the joint motion of the end effector joint motion jaws. The first actuating mechanism can be used to provide a quick response / weak force mode and the second actuating mechanism can be used to provide a high clamping force mode. In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism used to provide a quick response / weak force mode is reverse driveable. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism used to provide a high clamping force joint motion mode is non-reverse driveable. The use of such two independent actuation mechanisms is used in some surgical applications, for example, to place a jaw before powerful jaw clamping is used to perform the task of a surgical tool. It can be beneficial in sequestration, anastomosis, etc. by electrocautery, which may require multiple weak clampings.
0034In many embodiments, the quick response / weak force mode is provided by a cable actuation mechanism that includes a pair of tow cables. In many embodiments, the traction of the first cable of the pair causes the articulating jaws to joint into a closed (clamped) configuration and the traction of the second cable of the pair. , Joint movement Joe is jointly moved to the open configuration. In many embodiments, the cable actuating mechanism is reverse driveable.
0035In many embodiments, the high clamping force mode is provided by a lead screw actuating mechanism that includes a lead screw driven cam. The driven cam joins the mating cam surface on the articulated jaw so as to hold the articulated jaw in the clamp configuration when the lead screw driven cam is at the first end of its range of motion. Also, the driven cam does not constrain the movement of the articulated jaw when the lead screw driven cam is at the second end (opposite end) of its range of motion. In other words, the mating cam surface is articulated to the extent that unidirectional movement of the lead screw driven cam closes the articulating jaw and reverse movement of the lead screw driven cam is provided by the cam surface. Arranged to allow Joe to open (rather than urge). In many embodiments, the lead screw actuating mechanism cannot be reverse driven.
0036FIG. 6A is a perspective view of an end effector 70 with a jaw 72 articulated by two independent actuating mechanisms, according to many embodiments. The end effector 70 includes an end effector base 74, a joint motion jaw 72, and a removable static jaw 76. The end effector 70 is actuated by a first drive shaft 78, a second drive shaft 80, and two actuation cables (not shown). The first drive shaft 78 rotates the lead screw 82 of the lead screw actuating mechanism. The second drive shaft 80 rotates another lead screw (not shown) on the removable static jaw 76.
0037In many embodiments, the first drive shaft 78 and / or the second drive shaft 80 is driven by a drive function located in the proximal tool housing to which the end effector 70 is connected by the instrument shaft. In many embodiments, the proximal tool housing is configured to be releasably mountable on the robot tool manipulator. In many embodiments, the first drive shaft 78 and the second drive shaft 80 are actuated by their respective drive functions located in the proximal tool enclosure. In many embodiments, such drive functions are driven by a motor located in the proximal tool enclosure.
0038FIG. 6B is a perspective view of the end effector 70 of FIG. 6A (with the joint motion jaw 72 removed to better illustrate the components of the lead screw actuating mechanism), according to many embodiments. The lead screw 82 is mounted so as to rotate with respect to the end effector base 74. The lead thread drive cam 84 allows the lead thread drive cam 84 to be selectively paralleled along the cam slot 86 of the end effector base 74 using the selective rotation of the lead thread 82. , Connected to the lead screw 82. The end effector 70 includes a pivot pin 88 used to rotatably connect the articulating jaw 72 to the end effector base 74.
00397A and 7B illustrate the lead screw actuating mechanism of FIGS. 6A and 6B. The lead thread 82 has a distal journal surface 96 and a proximal journal surface that joins the proximal bearing 98. In many embodiments, the distal journal surface 96 is received within a cylindrical receptor located at the distal end of cam slot 86. Such a distal support for the lead thread 82 ensures that the lead thread 82 does not sway excessively and also provides a relatively large clearance (s) between the distal journal surface 96 and the cylindrical receptor. It can be configured to have. The proximal bearing 98 is supported by the end effector base 74 so as to support the proximal end of the lead thread 82. Proximal bearing 98 may be a ball bearing that can help reduce friction and wear. The distal bearing (not shown) may be supported by the end effector base 74 to support the distal end of the lead thread 82, and the distal bearing may be a ball bearing. The female thread driven cam 84 includes a threaded hole configured to fit the male thread of the female thread 82. The lead screw driven cam 84 includes top and bottom surfaces configured to interact with the corresponding top and bottom surfaces of the cam slot 86. The interaction between the female screw driven cam 84 and the cam slot 86 causes the female screw driven cam 84 to move in parallel along the cam slot 86 in response to the rotation of the female screw. Prevents the cam 84 from rotating with respect to the cam slot 86.
0040The articulating jaw 72 determines how much the position of the lead screw driven cam 84 along the cam slot 86 constrains the rotational movement of the articulating jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 by the lead screw driven cam 84. Includes a mating cam surface 94 configured to. The articulating jaw 72 includes a first proximal side 100 and a second proximal side 102 separated by a central slot. When the articulating jaw 72 is connected to the end effector base 74 by a pivot pin 88, the first and second proximal sides are located opposite the end effector base 74. Each of the first and second proximal sides 100, 102 is a concave region that defines the mating cam surface 94 and provides clearance between the lead screw driven cam 84 and the proximal sides 100, 102. including. When the female screw driven cam 84 is positioned at or near the proximal end of cam slot 86 (near the position shown in FIGS. 7A and 7B), the female screw driven cam 84 and the articulated jaw 72 mating cam. Contact with the surface 94 holds the articulated jaw in the clamp configuration. When the lead screw driven cam 84 is positioned at the distal end of the cam slot 86, the rotational position of the articulating jaw around the pivot pin 88 is in the clamp configuration (fitting of the lead screw driven cam 84 and articulating jaw 72). Between the open configuration (there is a gap between the lead cam surface 94) and the open configuration (there may or may not be a gap between the lead screw driven cam 84 and the mating cam surface 94 of the articulated jaw 72). The range of rotation positions of is not constrained by the lead screw driven cam 84. The unconstrained range of motion for the position of the lead screw driven cam 84 between the proximal and distal ends of the cam slot 86 can vary depending on the cam surface used.
0041The use of the proximal side 100, 102 respective recesses to define the mating cam surface 94 of the articulating jaw 72 provides numerous benefits. For example, in contrast to lateral slots that extend through the proximal side, the use of recesses is continuous at 100, 102 proximal sides of the articulating jaws, less likely to get caught in the patient's tissue compared to lateral slot openings. Provides a clean outer surface. The absence of lateral slots helps to strengthen the proximal sides 100, 102 compared to the proximal side with lateral slots, thus resulting in increased clamp stiffness. Such proximal sides 100, 102 may have increased stiffness in two planes that can help maintain alignment of the articulating jaws 72 in the presence of external forces. Increased stiffness in such two planes can be beneficial in some surgical applications, for example, in tissue anastomosis where it is beneficial to maintain alignment between the staples and the anvil pockets that form the staples. .. Further, using a recess instead of a lateral slot also provides an actuating mechanism that is less prone to clogging due to foreign matter as compared to an actuating mechanism having a proximal side with an open lateral slot.
0042The lead screw actuating mechanism can be configured to provide the desired clamping force between the joint motion jaws of the end effector and the opposing jaws. For example, in many embodiments, the lead thread actuating mechanism is configured to provide a clamping force of at least 20 lb at the tip of the articulating jaw 72 (approximately 2 inches from the pivot pin 88). In many embodiments, the lead screw actuating mechanism is configured to provide a clamping force of at least 50 lb at the tip of the articulated jaw 72. In many embodiments, the input torque to the lead thread 82 is approximately 0.2 Nm and the lead thread 82 makes 29 revolutions in order to generate a clamping force of 50 lb at the tip of the articulating jaw 72.
0043The lead screw actuating mechanism can be manufactured using available materials and components. For example, many components of the lead thread actuating mechanism can be manufactured from available stainless steel (s). The lead screw driven cam 84 can be coated (eg, TiN) to reduce friction against the rubbing surface (eg, lead 82, end effector base 74, proximal side 100, 102 of articulating jaw 72). ). A standard cable can be used to drive the first actuation mechanism.
00448A-8F illustrate the components of the cable actuating mechanism 110 according to many embodiments. As mentioned above, the lead screw driven cam 84 can be located at the distal end of the cam slot 86 (ie, near the pivot pin 88). As mentioned above, with respect to such a distal position of the lead screw driven cam 84, the rotational position of the articulated jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 is not constrained with respect to the range of rotational positions of the articulated jaw 72. Therefore, the rotational position of the joint motion jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 can be controlled by the cable actuation mechanism 110. The cable actuating mechanism 110 can be operated to change the rotational position of the joint motion jaw between the clamp configuration and the open configuration. The cable actuating mechanism 110 includes a pair of tow cables 112, 114. The cable actuating mechanism 110 also has a first coupling 116 used to rotate the articulating jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 into a clamp configuration, and the articulating jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88. Includes a similar second connection 118, which is used to rotate to an open configuration. The first connection 116 (shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B) includes a rotating link 120 mounted by a pivot pin 122 to rotate relative to the end effector base 74. The connecting link 124 connects the rotary link 120 to the articulated jaw 72 by a pivot pin 126 and a pivot pin 128. The first connecting portion 116 is jointly operated by the traction motion of the traction cable 112. In operation, the traction movement of the traction cable 112 causes the rotation link 120 to rotate clockwise around the pivot pin 122. The resulting movement of the connecting link 124 causes the articulating jaw 72 to rotate counterclockwise around the pivot pin 88 into a clamp configuration.
0045The second connection 118 (shown in FIGS. 8C-8F) of the cable actuating mechanism 110 contains components similar to the first connection 116 and is pivotally rotated relative to, for example, the end effector base 74. Includes a rotary link 130 mounted by a drive pin 132 and a connecting link 134 that connects the rotary link 130 to a joint motion jaw 72 by pivot pins 136, 138. The second connecting portion 118 is jointly operated by the traction motion of the traction cable 114. The second connecting portion 118 is configured such that the traction motion of the traction cable 114 rotates the joint motion jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 in an open configuration. In many embodiments, the pivot pin 136 between the connecting link 134 and the rotating link 130 of the second connecting portion 118 is the pivot between the connecting link 124 and the rotating link 120 of the first connecting portion 116. It is 180 degrees out of phase with pin 126. The coordinated traction and extension of the tow cables 112, 114 of the cable actuating mechanism 110 is used to articulate the articulating jaw 72 between the open and clamp configurations. To provide equal and opposite cable motion (and thereby to maintain cable tension in the capstan drive system described below), the common axis of rotation of pivot pins 122, 132 is a joint motion jaw. When the 72 is closed (or nearly closed), and similarly when the joint motion jaw 72 is open (or almost open), on a plane containing the axes of rotation of the pivot pins 128, 138. It is configured to exist in. For the first and second connections 116, 118, the connecting links 124, 134 are assembled symmetrically opposite sides of this same plane. The distance between the pivot pins 122 and 126 and the distance between the pivot pins 132 and 136 are the same for both the first and second connecting portions 116 and 118 and with respect to the pivot pins 126 and 128. The distance between them and the distance between the pivot pins 136, 138 are the same for both the first and second connecting parts 116, 118.
00469A and 9B illustrate the joint movement of the joint movement jaw 72 by another cable actuating mechanism 140, according to many embodiments. In embodiment 140 of the cable actuation mechanism, the first tow cable 142 and the second tow cable 144 are directly connected to the proximal end of the articulated jaw 72. The first traction cable 142 wraps around the first pulley 146 so that the traction movement of the first traction cable 142 rotates the articulating jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 into a clamp configuration. The second traction cable 144 wraps around the second pulley 148 so that the traction movement of the second traction cable 144 rotates the articulating jaw 72 around the pivot pin 88 in an open configuration. Therefore, the coordinated traction and extension of the first and second traction cables of the cable actuating mechanism 140 is used to articulate the articulating jaw 72 between the open and clamp configurations. Of the arc defined by the cable 142 around the swivel shaft 88 to optimally provide equal and opposite cable motion (and thereby to maintain cable tension in the capstan drive system described below). The radius is substantially the same as the radius of the arc defined by the cable 144 around the swivel shaft 88.
0047In many embodiments, the cable (ie, weak force) actuation mechanism comprises a pair of tow cables actuated by actuation functions located in the proximal tool enclosure. The proximal tool housing can be configured to be releasably mountable on a robotic tool manipulator having a drive mechanism that is operably coupled to an actuating function. For example, a pair of tow cables can be wrapped around a capstan located in the proximal tool enclosure. When the proximal tool housing is mounted on the robot tool manipulator, the capstan can be operably connected to the capstan-driven servomotor of the robot tool manipulator. The selective rotation of the capstan drive motor can be used to generate the corresponding rotation of the capstan. The rotation of the capstan can be used to bring about the coordinated extension and retreat of the tow cable. As mentioned above, the coordinated actuation of the tow cable can be used to provide the corresponding articulation of the end effector articulation jaws.
0048In many embodiments, the quick response / weak force mode is provided by a reverse driveable cable actuation mechanism. For example, the external force applied to the joint motion jaws can be used to rotate the joint motion jaws into a clamp configuration and to reverse drive the cable actuation mechanism. Using a cable actuation mechanism with a pair of tow cables wrapped around the capstan, the external force that rotates the articulating jaws into the clamp configuration results in increased tension in one of the tow cables and tension in the other tow cable. Brings a reduction in the capstan and rotates the capstan accordingly. As is known, such cable drive systems can be configured to have sufficient efficiency for reverse drive. Similarly, the external force applied to the joint motion jaws can be used to rotate the joint motion jaws into an open configuration and to reverse drive the cable actuation mechanism. As mentioned above, the reverse driveable rapid response / weak actuation mechanism provides a number of benefits.
0049Alternative mechanisms can also be used to provide a rapid response / weak joint motion mode. For example, an actuating mechanism with a push-pull rod can be used.
0050FIG. 10 is a cross-sectional view illustrating the components of the above-mentioned lead screw actuating mechanism. The illustrated components are supported by a lead thread 82, a lead screw driven cam 84, a cam slot 86 at the end effector base 74, a distal journal surface 96, a cylindrical receiver 154 at the end effector base, and an end effector base 74. Includes proximal bearing 98.
0051FIG. 11 is a schematic perspective view of the tool assembly 170 according to many embodiments. The tool assembly 170 is attached to a proximal actuating mechanism 172, an elongated shaft 174 with proximal and distal ends, a tool body 176 located at the distal end of the shaft, and a tool body 176 between the clamp and open configurations. On the other hand, it includes a movable jaw 178, a first actuating mechanism connected to the jaw, and a second actuating mechanism connected to the jaw. The first actuating mechanism can be manipulated to change the position of the jaw with respect to the tool body between the clamp configuration and the open configuration. The second actuating mechanism has a first configuration in which the jaws are held in the clamp configuration and a second configuration in which the position of the jaws with respect to the tool body is not constrained by the second actuating mechanism. The first actuating mechanism is operably linked to the proximal actuating mechanism. In many embodiments, the first actuation mechanism comprises a pair of tow cables actuated by the proximal actuation mechanism. The second actuating mechanism is operably linked to the proximal actuating mechanism. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism is a lead screw driven cam located on the tool body driven by the proximal actuating mechanism via a drive shaft extending from the proximal actuating mechanism through an elongated shaft 174164. including.
0052Tool assembly 170 can be configured for use in a variety of applications. For example, the tool assembly 170 can be configured as a manually and / or automatically actuated portable device used in the proximal actuation mechanism. The tool assembly 170 can also be configured for use in surgical applications such as sequestering by electrocautery, anastomosis, and the like. Tool assembly 170 has applications beyond minimally invasive robotic surgery, such as non-robot minimally invasive surgery, non-minimally invasive robotic surgery, non-robot non-minimally invasive surgery, and other applications where the disclosed redundant jaw operation is beneficial. be able to.
0053Redundant jaw actuation can be used to articulate the jaws of the robot tool's end effector. For example, FIG. 12 graphically illustrates a robot tool 180 that employs redundant jaw operation. The robot tool 180 includes a proximal tool housing 182, a drive motor 184, an instrument shaft 186, a distal end effector 188, a first actuation mechanism portion 190, and a second actuation mechanism 192. The distal end effector 188 comprises a joint motion jaw 194. The proximal tool housing 182 is a robot tool manipulator 196 having a first drive unit 198 and a first actuating mechanism portion of the robot tool 180 when the proximal tool housing 182 is mounted on the robot tool manipulator 196. It is releasably attached to the first actuation mechanism part 200, which is operably connected to the 190. The instrument shaft 186 has a proximal end adjacent to the tool housing 182 and a distal end adjacent to the end effector 188. The first actuation mechanism (comprising part 200 and part 190) is the first to articulate the end effector 188 between the open and clamp configurations when the tool housing 182 is mounted on the tool manipulator 196. The drive unit 198 of 1 is connected to the joint motion jaw 194. The second actuating mechanism 192 connects the drive motor 184 to the articulated jaw 194 in order to articulate the end effector from the open configuration to the clamp configuration. The first actuating mechanism may be a cable actuating mechanism, eg, a cable actuating mechanism that provides the rapid response / weak force mode described above. In many embodiments, the first actuating mechanism is reverse driveable. The second actuating mechanism can include a drive shaft that connects the drive motor 184 to a lead screw actuating mechanism, eg, a lead screw actuating mechanism that provides the high clamping force mode described above. In many embodiments, the second actuating mechanism is non-reverse driveable.
0054The examples and embodiments described herein are for illustrative purposes only, and various modifications and modifications have been proposed to those skilled in the art in light of them, the gist and scope of the scope of the present application, and attachments. Please understand that it is included in the claims of. Many different combinations are possible and such combinations are considered part of the present invention.
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Numbers
- Publication
- 5774019
- Application
- 2012539033
Titles2
- Japanese
- 冗長な閉鎖機構を有するエンドエフェクタ
- English
- End effector with redundant closure mechanism
Classification
- CPC, 21
- A61B17/072
- A61B17/07207
- A61B17/29
- A61B17/285
- A61B17/320016
- A61B34/30
- A61B34/37
- A61B34/71
- A61B50/10
- A61B50/13
- A61B50/15
- A61B2017/00398
- A61B2017/00477
- A61B2017/07214
- A61B2017/2932
- A61B2017/2933
- A61B2017/2938
- A61B2017/2946
- A61B2017/2947
- A61B2017/320052
- A61B2017/2944
- IPC, 4
- A61B19 00
- A61B17 072
- B25J3 00
- B25J15 08
