Synchronized broadcast/multicast communication
16 claims: 14 independent, 2 dependent
- 1同期型ブロードキャストを受信するための方法であって、 第一伝送スロットを受信 することと;第一変調フォーマットを使用し て 変調された同期型ブロードキャスト 部分、および 第二変調フォーマットを使用し て 変調されたユニキャスト部分 を、前記 第一伝送スロット の一部分が有すること、 を識別 することと、なお、前記第一変調フォーマットと前記第二変調フォーマットは、異なる;前記ユニキャスト部分を復調 することと;前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調すること と;を備える 方法。
- 2前記 ユニキャスト 部分を復調するために 第一復調器を選択 することと 、 前記 ブロードキャスト 部分を復調するために 第二復調器を選択すること と、 を更に含む、前記請求項 1 に記載 の方 法。
- 3前記第二変調フォーマットは符号分割変調フォーマットである前記請求項 2 に記載 の方 法。
- 4前記第一変調フォーマットは直交周波数分割変調フォーマットである前記請求項 3 に記載 の方 法。
- 5前記第一変調フォーマットは、複数の送信機により使用されるブロードキャスト拡散符号を有する符号分割変調フォーマットである、前記請求項 3 に記載 の方 法。
- 6前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調することは、 前記ブロードキャスト部分をイコライズすることを更に含む、前記請求項 5 に記載 の方 法。
- 7前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調することは、 イコライザをブロードキャストパイロットに基づいてトレーニングすることを更に含む、前記請求項 6 に記載 の方 法。
- 8同期型ブロードキャストを受信する装置であって、 第一伝送スロットを受信する ための 手段と ;第一変調フォーマットを使用して変調された同期型ブロードキャスト 部分及び 第二変調フォーマットを使用して変調されたユニキャスト部分 を、 前記第一伝送スロット の一部分が含んでいることを決定するように構成された選択ユニットと、なお、前記第一フォーマットと前記第二変調フォーマットは異なっている;前記ユニキャスト部分を復調する ための 手段と;前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調する ための 手段と ;を備えている受信機、 を備えている装置 。
- 9前記選択ユニットは、 前記ユニキャスト 部分を復調する第一復調器と前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調する第二復調器の一方 を選択する ように更に構成されている、 前記請求項 8 に記載 の装 置。
- 10前記第二変調フォーマットは符号分割変調フォーマットである、前記請求項 9 に記載 の装 置。
- 11前記第一変調フォーマットは直交周波数分割変調フォーマットである、前記請求項 10 に記載 の装 置。
- 12前記第一変調フォーマットは、複数の送信機により使用されるブロードキャスト拡散符号を有する符号分割変調フォーマットである、前記請求項 10 に記載 の装 置。
- 13前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調する ための 手段は、 前記ブロードキャスト部分をイコライズする ための手段 を更に備えている、前記請求項 12 に記載の 装置 。
- 14前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調する ための 手段は、 ブ ロードキャストパイロットに基づき 、前記ブロードキャスト部分をイコライズするための前記手段を、 トレーニングする ための 手段、 を更に備える、前記請求項 13 に記載の 装置 。
- 15請求項1~7のいずれかに記載の前記方法を前記プロセッサに実行させるための、プロセッサによって実行可能な命令、 を保存している、コンピュータ可読媒体。
- 16前記第一伝送スロットを受信するための前記手段が受信ユニットであり、前記ブロードキャスト部分を復調するための前記手段が第一復調器であり、前記ユニキャスト部分を復調するための前記手段が第二復調器である、請求項8に記載の装置。
Independent claims16
69 paragraphs, as filed
Priority claim
(Priority claim under 35 U.S.C. § 119) This patent application was filed on January 20, 2004, transferred to the assignee of the present application, and is expressly incorporated in the present application by reference, "Soft Handoff Method" ("Soft Handoff Method". Claims the priority of US Provisional Patent Application No. 60 / 537,955 entitled "and Appliance for Spread-Spectrum Broadcast").
background
(Field) The present invention relates generally to wireless communication systems, and in particular to synchronized broadcast or multicast transmission for improving the quality of received transmissions.
(background) Conventional broadcast / multicast transmission in a wireless communication system provides broadcast content to a large number of users, that is, one-to-many, and many users receive the same broadcast content. Mobile stations (MSs) can receive broadcast transmissions from multiple base stations (BSs). In the spread spectrum scheme, each transmitter uses a unique spreading code to identify the transmitter. When the receiver processes the transmission from one BS, the transmission from the other BSs may appear as interference and therefore the quality of the received transmission as well as the data transfer rate of the broadcast / multicast transmission. Go down. Therefore, it is necessary to improve the reception quality for broadcast / multicast transmission. Furthermore, it is necessary to optimize broadcast / multicast transmission and increase the data transfer speed of broadcast / multicast transmission.
It is necessary to reduce the interference caused by simultaneous broadcast / multicast transmission from a large number of transmitters and improve the transmission performance. In broadcast / multicast transmission, better flexibility and switching between broadcast / multicast and unicast transmission is also needed.
Various embodiments of the present invention will become even more apparent from the following description and accompanying claims, along with the accompanying drawings. Understanding that these drawings merely depict examples as examples and should therefore not be considered limiting the scope of the invention, the examples of the invention add specificity and It will also be described in detail through the use of the accompanying drawings.
<figref num="1">FIG. 1 shows a communication system that supports broadcast transmission.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 2 shows a communication system that supports broadcast transmission and shows interference between transmissions.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 shows a communication system that supports broadcast transmission and shows the calculation of interference between transmissions.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 is a timing chart showing broadcast negotiation between a base station and a mobile station.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 shows a spread spectrum forward link configuration using a time division format.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 6 shows a forward link transmission format for synchronous broadcast transmission.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 7 shows a broadcast communication system showing a technique of synchronous broadcasting in which each base station uses the same specific pseudo-noise (PN) code.</figref><figref num="8">FIG. 8 shows a wireless receiver that is applied for synchronous broadcast transmission processing and has an equalizer.</figref><figref num="9">FIG. 9 shows a radio receiver with an equalizer designated for synchronous broadcast transmission processing.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 10 shows orthogonal frequency division modulation symbols.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 11 shows a forward link transmission format for orthogonal frequency division modulation broadcast transmission.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 12 shows a transmitter that is applied for spread spectrum communication, supports synchronous broadcasting, and has an orthogonal frequency division modulation processing path and a code division modulation processing path.</figref><figref num="13">FIG. 13 shows a transmitter applied for spread spectrum communication, supporting synchronous broadcasting, and applied to select between the orthogonal frequency division modulation processing path and the code division modulation processing path.</figref><figref num="14">FIG. 14 shows a receiver that is applied for spread spectrum communication, supports synchronous broadcasting, and has an orthogonal frequency division modulation processing path and a code division modulation processing path.</figref>
Detailed explanation
None of the examples described herein should necessarily be construed as preferred or advantageous over other examples. Although various aspects of the invention are introduced in the drawings, the drawings are not necessarily drawn to scale unless otherwise indicated. In general, unicast communication is from a single transmitter to a single receiver, i.e. one-to-one. In mobile phone communication schemes, unicast communication may involve multiple transmitters that transmit the communication to a single receiver. Multicast communication is a single message or communication sent to a user group. Broadcast may be considered as a type of multicast and generally refers to sending a message or communication to all users of the network or to parts of the network. Nowadays, broadcast transmission refers to multicast communication to a group of subscribers. For example, broadcasting stock information to a mobile phone user group, users subscribe to receive the information.
Broadcast may include, for example, transmission of video and audio information from a television program or radio. Broadcast content information is provided as packet data, for example, in Internet Protocol (IP) packets. For a given broadcast service, the AN receives a stream of information from a content server, such as a television station, and broadcasts the information, that is, the information in the IP packet, on a designated channel to the broadcast subscribers in the system. To provide.
Broadcast transmission may have controlled access, where the MS user subscribes to the service and pays the corresponding fee to receive the broadcast service. The canceled user cannot receive the broadcast service. Controlled access is achieved by broadcast transmission / content encryption, which allows only subscribed users to decrypt the content.
Throughout this description, BC refers to either broadcast or multicast communication. BC is considered a one-to-many communication, but it is possible that quite a few transmitters are sending messages or communication content.
The following description introduces synchronous broadcast transmission in the wireless spread spectrum transmission system. Traditionally, BC services have been provided to a large number of users by a large number of base stations, and each of the BSs transmits the same BC content. There is a problem when the receiver receives the same BC content from many BSs. In this case, each BS uses a different waveform, i.e. a diffusion code, so that each transmitter interferes with the other transmitters. For example, in a code division multiple access (CDMA) spread spectrum system, each base station is identified using a unique code, especially a pseudo-noise (PN) code. On the receiver side, the transmission from each BS interferes with the transmission of another BS because the PN code is different and therefore the waveform is different.
Introduced here is a synchronous broadcast transmission method that uses the same waveform or modulation and provides the same BC content from multiple transmitters. BC transmissions can be transmitted in a synchronous fashion, with each transmitter synchronized with each other. In one embodiment, synchronous broadcast transmission provides the same spread code for multiple transmitters, and thus multiple BC transmissions are different multipaths when received on the receiver side. It can be treated as a (multipath) part. That is, synchronous broadcast transmission creates pseudo-components, and the receiver can use appropriate processing to improve reception characteristics.
The advantage of creating a receiver that can efficiently receive multipath signals is that transmissions from different receivers can be efficiently received with minimal self interference. For example, a "CDMA equalizer" can be used to compensate for the efficient channel response due to multipath while simultaneously attenuating noise and interference.
In one embodiment, each transmitter uses the same code for BC transmission. A particular example in the CDMA scheme is the use of a common PN code by a large number of BSs. In this way, each BSs transmits the same BC content with the same waveform. In another embodiment, Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) is used for BC content transmission. It should be noted that OFDM transmission can be thought of as discrete multi-tone (DMT) modulation with a trivial spread code, all spread codes are the same, and so on. Again, synchronous BC transmission transmits the same BC content at the same wavelength.
Not all communication methods support both unicast and multicast transmission, or broadcast transmission. In time division multiplexing (TDM), transmission is divided into time slots, which are designated for BC. The BC transmission supplied in the BC slot can be transmitted as a synchronous broadcast transmission. As specified in the "cdma 2000 High Rate Packet Data Air Interface Specification", TIA / IS-856, Forward Link is a method that supports high-speed packet data (HRPD), which is called high data rate. (forward link) serves one user at a time. Such a scheme provides a TDM format, but the user is not assigned a predetermined or fixed time slot. The transmitter can change the user on a slot-by-slot basis, as well as the code, modulation format, and so on.
For CDMA BC transmission in the HRPD system, the broadcast content is the same, but the actual transmission waveform is not the same because each sector uniquely spreads the content according to each sector PN sequence. As described above, in one embodiment, sector-specific PN diffusion is excluded so that not only all sectors transmit the same BC content, but also generate the same transmitted wave. This allows the receiver to capture the total transmission energy from the desired signal, as opposed to other cell transmissions, which then appear negatively as interference terms. According to this embodiment, a common PN code is used by each BS for BC transmission. In this way, each BS uses the same waveform for the BC slot period and transmits the same BC content.
In another embodiment of the wireless communication scheme, other synchronous broadcast waveforms can be used for the forward link BC slot. Synchronous BC transmission can be applied to other spread spectrum schemes by applying a common spread code to BC transmission. Thus, such methods are not limited to CDMA, OFDM, or any other particular coding technique described herein.
In the application, the controller chooses between synchronous broadcast waveforms that enable BC services and code division multiple access (CDM) waveforms that enable unicast services. The controller is used to introduce synchronous BC transmission, eg, a common spread code.
In the following study, the above embodiment will be described in detail by first explaining a broadcast communication method that generally includes a reason for having interference in this environment. Next, the HRPD method is particularly introduced. Synchronous BC transmission schemes are described in detail, including a study of how synchronous BC transmission solves the interference problem. Finally, how different methods of synchronous BC transmission are integrated into one system, and how synchronous BC transmission has additional advantages, such as switching between BC and unicast methods. This study deals with whether to provide a mode.
Although various embodiments are provided through this study, it should be noted that in other embodiments it is possible to include various aspects without departing from the scope of the invention. is there. In particular, the present invention is applicable to data processing systems, wireless communication systems, one-way broadcast systems, and any other system for which efficient information transmission is required.
<u style="single">Broadcast Communication System</u> Figure 1 shows a broadcast system that supports a large number of users. The system includes a large number of base stations, such as BS5, 7, which support communication for a large number of mobile stations, such as MS10, 12, 14, 15. An access point (AP) (or access network (AN)) to which an AN is a network provides the ability to provide data connectivity between a packet-switched data network and an access terminal (AT). AP is equivalent to BS. BS is a wireless network device used to communicate with mobile stations, and can also be referred to as AP, or other terminology. Generally, MSs are distributed throughout the system. Mobile stations can also be referred to as ATs, user devices (UEs), remote stations, or other wireless communication devices. AT is a device that provides data connectivity to users. The AT can be connected to a computing device, such as a laptop, or it is a self-contained data such as a personal digital assistant. device) may be. AT is equivalent to MS. Forward Link (FL) refers to BS-to-MS communication, eg, BS5-to-MS10 FL20. Reverse Link (RL) refers to communication from MS to BS, for example BL22 from MS10 to BS5. Each MS10 receives transmissions from one or more BSs, such as BS5 and also from BS7. Each MS10 can transmit to one or more BSs, for example BS5 and BS7, at any time. The transmission scenario (scenario) of implementation depends on the activity of MS10 and the soft handoff capability.
The broadcast service provides broadcast content between one or more BSs and a large number of MSs in a wireless communication system, eg, from BS5, to MS10s and 12s that receive broadcast content within the coverage area of base station 5. , Provides one-to-many communication services. Broadcast content transmitted by base station 5 to a number of mobile stations 10 and 12 via FL20 can include, but need not be limited to, news, movies, sporting events, and the like. Broadcast content is typically generated by a content server and broadcasted at a single data rate over the FL broadcast channel to MSs 10 and 15 within the Cover Airia 25 range. Note that BS7 can work as well. BS7 has a cover air rear 55. The MS12 is within the range of cover air rears 22 and 55 and can therefore communicate with BS5 and BS7.
In one embodiment, the broadcast may be a single sector or multiple sectors, data to all BC subscribers in the designated broadcast airia, That is, it is the transmission of BC contents. Since broadcast transmission is intended to be received by a large number of users located within the broadcast air rear, the broadcast data rate is usually determined by the worst-case user channel state in the broadcast air rear. For CDMA systems, worst-case users are generally located at the edge of the region and have a low carrier-to-total-interference-and-noise ratio (C). It has / I), where the power of interference and noise is generally dominated by interference from other regions.
CDMA systems show significant advances over previous systems, but interference still appears during the soft handoff period between BS5 and BS7, as shown in Figure 2. Area-end users require large transmission powers to communicate with distant BSs, causing disproportionate amounts of inter-regional interference. Therefore, the elimination of interference can provide great benefits to all users. C / I from BS5 is limited by interference from BS7 and vice versa. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3, the channel state from BS5 to MS12 is the impulse response h.<sub>1</sub>It can be modeled by (t), where signal strength is given as A. The channel state from BS7 to MS12 is the impulse response h<sub>2</sub>It can be modeled by (t), where the signal strength is given as B. The performance of the transmission, as received by the MS12, can then be defined as: Received signal strength = A / (B + NOISE) + B / (A + NOISE) (1) Here, the received signals are combined by MS. The signal A received from BS5 interferes with the signal B transmitted from BS7 (and vice versa). Thus, the interference caused by multiple transmissions produces interference that adversely affects the signal characteristics of the MS12.
Referring to FIG. 4, BC services, BC con from BS5 can contain MS12 for receiving Ceiling, BC content, video, audio broadcast or data, for example, software upgrades or application files, but not limited to However, it may be included. In another example, weather or traffic information may be broadcast to mobile station 12. In a broadcast system, the same signal is sent to many mobile stations at the same time. Broadcast signals can be encrypted. Therefore, mobile station 12 may need to subscribe to services such as those described above. The mobile station 12 may need to obtain the encrypted information from the base station 5 before receiving the service. In addition, mobile station 12 may need to receive other broadcast parameters in order to receive the broadcast service. Broadcast parameters also include broadcast channel identifiers, broadcast modulation format information, data rate information, encryption key information, encoding information, broadcast channel frequency information, encryption and decryption key information, header compression information, and other information. Good. The broadcast service is not shown in FIG. 4, but can also be controlled by a broadcast controller, in which the broadcast controller provides control of broadcast programming, transmission, and broadcast service.
<u style="single">High Rate Packet Data</u> The HRPD technology provides a high-speed, high-capacity packet data service, and the data is transmitted at full output to a predetermined user for each slot via a forward link. In such a system, each MS measures the channel characteristics at each time slot, eg, the C / I of all measurable pilot channels 55. The MS selects the BS with the best channel characteristics and requires transmission from that BS at a special speed. The data request is transmitted as a data transfer rate control (DRC) message. It should be noted that the required speed is usually the maximum that the current channel characteristics can support. The BS can communicate with a large number of MSs, so the BS selects the MS for transmission in each slot. This allows the BS to operate at full output and transmit data at the fastest data rate required by each AT.
Figure 5 illustrates the HRPD link time slot structure. Time slot 60 is shown. Timeslot 60 has two parts, each 1/2 timeslot is a channel allocation for the next time division channel: pilot channel 55, forward medium access control (forward). Medium Access Control (MAC) channel 50, and the forward traffic channel or control It has channel) 45. Traffic channel 45 carries user data packets. The control channel 45 carries control messages and can also carry user traffic. MAC channel 50 defines a procedure for transmitting and receiving at the physical layer, which provides channel configuration, frequency, power output, modulation, and coding specifications for forward and reverse link channels. Pilot channel 55 allows, for example, an AT in MS10 to obtain a rapid and accurate C / I rating. Within each transmission slot 60, pilot channel 55, MAC channel 50, and traffic and control channel 45 are time divided. All time division multiplexing channels are transmitted at maximum power in the region. When there is no traffic on traffic channel 45, an idle slot is sent and the idle slot contains pilot channel 55 and MAC channel 50. Idle slot transmission reduces interference with other cells on the FL.
<u style="single">Synchronized Broadcast</u> Synchronous BC refers to the transmission of the same BC content by multiple transmitters using the same waveform, eg, the same spread code. As illustrated in FIG. 6, in a system that supports HRPD, eg, "1xEvolution-DataOptimized" called 1xEV-DO, a synchronous BC has multiple time slots, a designated BC slot for FL transmission 100. Is executed by. Here, the BC slot is designated as a synchronous BC (SBC). BC is transmitted as SBC in slot 170, but traffic is transmitted in CDM format in traffic slot 175. SBC ensures that the same BC content is transmitted at the same wavelength. In this embodiment, the same spread code is used by a number of base stations that carry BC content. It should be noted that other systems may use other modulations and coding in traffic slot 175.
BC slots using SBC are described in more detail as including BC Pilot 176 and BC Content 178. BC Pilot 176 provides a reference to the receiver. When the receiver uses an equalizer, BC Pilot 176 to train the equalizer used to receive BC Transmission 100 (for). training) Provide criteria. In one embodiment, the same equalizer is used to receive traffic and BC transmissions. In one embodiment, the BC transmission applies the broadcast PN code to the broadcast transmission, and in such an embodiment an equalizer is used to evaluate the received broadcast transmission. Although the equalizer may be used for code division multiple access schemes, the equalizer is not used in the embodiments where the OFDM waveform is used for the transmission of broadcast content. In another embodiment, the same equalizer is used in different configurations for traffic and BC transmission, but here the configuration is not just the filtering factor adjustment, but the taps used. ) Is also related. In yet another embodiment, separate equalizers are used, one for traffic and the other for BC transmission. The linear equalizer can use a BC pilot for training, in which case the receiver may perform multi-pass / multi-step least squares average (LMS) type training, or least squares. Alternatively, inductive least squares (RLS) type training may be performed. Alternately, the equalizer factor may be calculated directly based on the channel evaluation derived from BC Pilot 176. BC Pilot 176 can increase the overhead per slot.
According to one embodiment, synchronous BC transmission allows each BC to transmit the same physical layer packet during an interlace set aside period prepared for broadcasting. Interlacing refers to discontinuous transmission and / or processing of continuous content including, but not limited to, BC content, the portion or interlace of which is recorded and combined to display the BC content.
The receiver of the synchronous BC transmission then decodes the transmission from all servers by applying an equalizer to "invert" the composite channel response.
Note that the implementation of synchronous BC transmission can be achieved with minimal changes to existing networks and equipment. In particular, the examples provided here show changes to the modulation format and inner code for BC physical layer packets. This does not affect other transmission protocols, including, but not limited to, the MAC protocol.
a)<u style="single">Common Spreading Code: Example, Common PN Code</u> Synchronous BC transmission overcomes the interference caused by multiple simultaneous BC transmissions. In a spread spectrum system, such as a CDMA system, each BS applies a unique spreading code, such as a PN code. This results in the transmission of different waveforms from each BS. Synchronous BC provides a BC transmission scheme with nearly identical waveforms for BC transmission. The same waveform creates a pseudo-multipath that produces a frequency-selective composite channel response on the receiver side. The receiver uses an equalizer to process the signal by inverting or canceling the filtering effect of the composite channel response. This method minimizes the effects of mutual interference caused by BC transmissions from a large number of BSs.
In one embodiment, many transmitters use the same PN code to spread the broadcast physical layer packet. During this interlace, the effective channel response on the MS is the sum of the individual channels from each BS. Effective channels may have a large delay spread characterized by propagation delay (and attenuation) from distant BSs to MS. If the receiver can "invert" or cancel the filtering of the active channel, then transmissions from other BSs will no longer act as interference. In this case, the interference and noise seen in the MS are due to thermal noise and receiver distortion, such as quantization noise, phase noise, and the like.
According to one embodiment, it is consistent with systems that support the HRPD protocol, and broadcast transmissions from multiple BSs are time-synchronized with each other. In this way, the transmitter uses the same spread code at the same time to transmit the same BC. Time-synchronization is particularly advantageous when synchronous BC transmissions use OFDM for the broadcast portion of CDM transmissions. In OFDM transmission, the selection of carrier spacing ensures the orthogonality of the carriers. Cyclic prefix to compensate for multipath delay The prefix) is designed to be larger than the delayed spread and provides a protected frequency band for the OFDM symbol to ensure orthogonality between carriers in the frequency domain. If the delay spread (the time delay between the longest and shortest channel paths) is too large, the subcarriers overlap in the frequency domain and thus lose their orthogonality. If the BS transmissions are not time-synchronized, the timing difference will effectively be a multipath delay, increasing delay spread. Therefore, time-synchronized transmissions from a large number of BSs serve to coordinate OFDM transmissions that avoid further delay spread.
FIG. 7 illustrates a system that performs synchronous BC transmission, where a common spread code, such as a PN code, is used by a large number of BSs. Content server 182 supplies BC content 178 to BS5 and BS7. BS5 and BS7 apply the common PN code at this time. BS5 transmits waveform 205 and BS7 transmits waveform 200. The common PN code may be referred to as a BCPN code or BC diffusion code. This is because the PN of the waveform 200 is the same as the PN code of the waveform 205. The same waveform is transmitted from each of BS5 and BS7 to MS12. Therefore, the receiver on the MS12 side sees the same waveforms 200 and 205 as multipath versions of the same signal, i.e., as if they were transmitted from one transmitter or BS.
FIG. 8 illustrates an MS12 receiver that supports synchronous BC transmission. The MS12 includes a receiving circuit 304, which receives an analog waveform, downconverts the received waveform, filters it, samples it, and feeds a sample of the result to the equalizer 306. Equalizer 306 corrects signal distortion and other noise and interference caused by the channel. The equalizer 306 outputs the evaluation of the transmitted symbol to the decoder 308 in order to determine the original information bit. The equalizer 306 is also coupled to the BC controller 302. The BC controller 302 supplies information to the equalizer 306, which is specific to synchronous BC transmission. The BC controller 302 identifies the BC pilot 176 and instructs the equalizer 306 to train on based on the BC pilot 176 for BC transmissions, such as the BC transmission 100. BC controller 302 also holds BC content 178 in a temporary memory storage unit (not shown).
FIG. 9 illustrates an embodiment where a separate equalizer is assigned to BC transmission. In this case, the MS12 includes an equalizer 310 used for traffic and other non-BC transmissions and an equalizer 312 used for synchronous BCs. BC controller 314 identifies BC pilot 176 and not only provides information to switch 316 to switch between synchronous BC mode (for synchronous BC transmission processing) and non-SBC mode (for other transmission processing). Also supplies instructions to BC equalizer 312 for training etc. The output of the equalizer 310 and the BC equalizer 312 is supplied to the decoder 318 which is also bidirectionally coupled to the BC control unit 314.
b)<u style="single">Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM)</u> OFDM is a spread spectrum technology in which data is distributed on a large number of subcarriers, the subcarriers being spaced at the correct frequency. The interval provides "orthogonality" between the tones, that is, the detector of a given tone is not adversely affected by the energy in the other tones. In OFDM, each subcarrier (or equivalently, a frequency tone or frequency bin) can possibly be modulated with data.
A fixed-length periodic prefix is attached to each OFDM symbol to turn a linear convolution into a "circular convolution". FIG. 10 illustrates an OFDM waveform 80 with an OFDM symbol 85 with a periodic prefix 90. Ideally, the OFDM symbol length is large relative to the periodic prefix length to reduce overhead as much as possible. The periodic prefix 90 falls into a fundamental trade-off as it should be long enough to compensate for the expected multipath delay spread experienced in the system. In other words, the periodic prefix length should be "longer" than the length of the effective impulse response seen on the receiving side. In designs using current FL configurations with pilots and MACs, as illustrated in Figures 5 and 6, the burst length of OFDM symbol 85 and periodic prefix 90 is the longest continuous available. Limited to blocks.
FIG. 11 illustrates a synchronous BC transmission FL format (slot 200) using OFDM for BC. The OFDM waveform 80 provides BC content for the duration of the BC portion of slot 200, which is similar to slot 60. Keeping the pilot channel 55 and MAC channel 50 in Figure 11 intact, the system provides the same compatibility with older mobile terminals. An embodiment that implements OFDM for synchronous BC transmission as shown in FIG. 12 includes a CDM modulation path and an OFDM modulation path. The format of slot 200 is similar to slot 60 in FIG. 5, where slot 200 now contains OFDM wavelength 80 instead of traffic or control channel 45.
As mentioned above, OFDM is a modulation technique in which user data is modulated onto. The information is modulated onto the tone by adjusting the amplitude and / or phase of the tone. In the basic form, the tone may be present or may not be able to show 1 or zero, and it may be Phase Shift Keying (PSK) or Quadrature Amplitude. Either Modulation) (QAM) is commonly used. The OFDM system takes one data stream and divides it into N-parallel data streams, each with a speed of 1 / N of the original speed. Each stream is then mapped to tones of a unique frequency, and these tones are called "data tones". At the same time, the known "pilot symbol" becomes the "pilot tone" ("pilot"). They are transmitted in different sets of tones, called tones ). These pilot tones are used by the receiver to evaluate the frequency response of the composite channel and to perform demodulation of the received OFDM signal. Pilot tones and data tones are combined together to produce a time-domain to be transmitted using the Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT).
FIG. 12 illustrates a transmitter processing block at transmitter 240 according to an embodiment that supports both CDM and OFDM FL transmission processing, where OFDM is applied to BC transmission. The transmitter 240 includes a CDM processing path 250 and an OFDM processing path 245. The CDM processing path includes a modulation unit 251, a Fast Hadamard Transform (TFT) 252, and a PN coding unit 253. The OFDM processing path 245 includes a modulation unit 246, an inverse fast Fourier transform (IFFT) processing unit 247, and a periodic prefix application unit 248. For both paths, the modulation is called quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM). The output of the periodic prefix application 248 and the PN coding unit 253 is supplied to the transmission circuit 260 that prepares the RF signal. Other embodiments may use different modulation and conversion processes, or may include other steps not specifically shown in the examples given in FIG.
The processing path of FIG. 12 may be used in a transmitter as illustrated in FIG. Modulation controller 425 operates the OFDM modulator 410 or CDM modulator 415 depending on the transmission state: BC or non-BC, such as unicast. Communication bus 427 facilitates the flow of information to various modules within the transmitter. The receiving circuit (not shown) receives the signal from the ATs at the air interface. The transmitter also includes a processing component (not shown) that processes the received signal. The transmitter also receives information from infrastructure elements in the system, including package data information from a broadcast content server (not shown).
Initially, the OFDM modulator 410 is in operation, broadcasting information such as news, movies, sports events, and the like. At that time, as shown in FIG. 4, the mobile station 12 can send a request to the base station 5 in order to see a specific channel at a specific frequency. If all conditions are met, for example a mobile station with a valid contract, then base station 5 sends a message to mobile station 12 with information about the broadcast channel and frequency.
If the user selects the broadcast service, the selection unit 420 activates the encoder 421. At the same time, the memory unit 419 receives an instruction to select from the selection unit 420 and stores this information. When encoder 421 is activated, it encodes the broadcast signal to be transmitted. Coding consists of source coding and channel coding. The source information needs to be encoded in a digital format for further processing in the digital communication system. After the source information is encoded in digital format, this digital baseband signal needs to be redundant. This process, known as channel coding, is intended to improve the performance of communication systems by making the signal better tolerant of the effects of channel defects such as noise, fading, etc. It is said.
After the broadcast signal is encoded by the encoder 421, it is then interleaved by the interleaver 422. Signals transmitted through mobile communication channels are susceptible to fading. The error correction code is designed to eliminate errors caused by fades and at the same time maintain a reasonable level of signal power. Many error correction codes work well for correcting random errors. However, during periods of deep fade, long stream continuous burst errors render the error correction feature useless. Interleaver 422 performs a technique to randomize the bits in the message stream so that the burst error caused by the channel is converted to a random error.
The OFDM modulator 410 then modulates the signal received from the interleaver 422. Digital bitstreams are modulated on radio frequency (RF) carriers for transmission. The modulated signal is then transmitted to the transmission unit 430 in the form of propagating an electromagnetic (EM) field.
The transmitting unit 430 then transmits this signal to the mobile station 12 at the specific frequency proposed by the modulator. As compared to conventional systems, the modulation controller 425 supports an additional data velocity or wavelength in addition to the conventional set of modulations, and the modulation controller 425 synthesizes a series of sinusoidal tones. For ease of processing, the OFDM modulator 410 can be incorporated using digital signal processing (DSP) software.
The selection unit 420 activates the encoder 423 if the user selects the unicast service. The memory unit 419 simultaneously receives an instruction to select from the selection unit 420 and stores this information. When the encoder 423 is activated, it encodes the unicast signal to be transmitted. The encoder 423 may use the same or different coding scheme as the encoder 421.
After the unicast signal is encoded by the encoder 423, it is then interleaved by the interleaver 424. The interleaver 424 uses the same or different interleaving techniques as the interleaver 422.
The CDM modulator 415 then modulates the signal received from the interleaver 424. The CDM modulator 415 uses a different modulation scheme than the OFDM modulator 410. The modulated signal is then transmitted to the transmitting unit 430, which transmits the CDM signal to the mobile station at the specific frequency proposed by the modulator. Clock 426 may be used to time-synchronize transmissions with other transmitters in the system. Such time-synchronization has advantages in matching with synchronous broadcast transmissions, such as for OFDM waveforms.
In the mobile station of FIG. 14, the demodulation controller 535 can operate the OFDM demodulator 540 or the CDM demodulator 545 according to the demodulation of the received signal.
Various components of the demodulation controller 535 are illustrated in FIG. The selection unit 534 activates the OFDM demodulator 540 if the signal received by the receiving unit 550 is a broadcast signal. At the same time, the memory unit 532 receives an instruction to select from the selection unit 530 and stores this information. The OFDM demodulator 540 begins demodulating the broadcast signal when activated. The demodulated signal is then transmitted to the deinterleaver 538, which reconstructs the message using the same bit scheme as the interleaver 422. The deinterleaver 538 then transmits the reconstructed message to the decoder 537, which decodes the message into the original signal.
Communication bus 537 facilitates the flow of information to various modules in the receiver. A transmission circuit (not shown) transmits a signal to the AN at the air interface. The receiver also supplies the original signal information to the processing components in the receiver (not shown) via communication bus 537.
The selection unit 534 also activates the CDM demodulator 545 if the signal received by the receiving unit 550 is a unicast signal. At the same time, the memory unit 532 receives an instruction to select from the selection unit 534 and stores this information. The CDM demodulator 545 begins demodulating the unicast signal when activated. The CDM demodulator 545 uses a different demodulation scheme than the OFDM demodulator 540. The demodulated signal is then transmitted to the deinterleaver 139, which reconstructs the message using the same bit scheme as the interleaver 524. The deinterleaver 539 then transmits the reconstructed message to a decoder 536 that decodes the message into the original analog signal. The decoder 536 may use the same or different decoding scheme as the decoder 537.
OFDM provides improved performance for BC transmission, while OFDM can result in increased complexity, or even higher transmitter and / or receiver requirements. The techniques described herein can be realized by various means. As mentioned in the previous section, the waveform for broadcasting does not necessarily have to be OFDM, as other devices may be configured to achieve the same function.
As mentioned above, for embodiments that use the same PN code application technique, the SYNC BC170 of FIG. 6 is used in the transmission slot 200 as illustrated in FIG. More specifically, the modulation process applied to the system can be illustrated by FIG. The DFDM modulator 410 may be replaced by the OFDM processing path 245 in FIG. Similarly, the CDM modulator 415 may be replaced by the CDM processing path in FIG.
c) Alternate Sources of Synchronized Broadcast Waveforms In another embodiment of the wireless communication system, other synchronous broadcast waveforms can be used in the forward link transmission slot of the channel by removing the traffic portion of the slot described above. These waveforms provide other modulation schemes. The application of the common spread code produces a pseudo-multipath that provides improved performance in BC transmission.
Synchronous BC improves the performance of BC transmissions and therefore increases data throughput. Synchronous BC, as described in detail here, is provided for the transmission of the same BC content using the same waveform. In the spread spectrum method that divides FL into time slots, diffusion type BC is used per slot. Synchronous BC effectively provides pseudo-multipath, which can be determined on the receiver side in a manner similar to that used for multipath. In soft handoff, when the receiver is receiving BC transmissions from multiple transmitters, the received synchronous BC signal is seen as multipath. In one embodiment, the synchronous BC is provided as an OFDM signal, where the receiver receives multiple copies of the same waveform and uses the OFDM receiver to process such a signal. Other modulation and waveform formats can be used, where multiple receivers apply the same spread code to transmit the same BC content. In another embodiment, a common PN code or BC The PN code is applied to a large number of transmitters, where the receiver can anticipate such spread and process various signals using the equalization method. The equalizer can be reused in BC transmissions, where the equalizer is trained based on the BC pilot. In another embodiment, a separate equalizer is used for BC transmission. In yet another embodiment, the equalizer is reconstructed for various scenarios, including BC equivalence.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any of a wide variety of different techniques and techniques. For example, data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips that may be referenced through the above description are voltages, currents, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof. Can be represented by.
Those skilled in the art will further appreciate the variety of illustrated logic block diagrams, modules, circuits, and algorithm steps described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein, electronic hardware, computers, software, or both. You will recognize that it can be implemented as a combination of. To clearly illustrate this hardware-software interchangeability, a variety of descriptive components, block diagrams, modules, circuits, and steps have been described above, generally in terms of their functionality. .. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the design limitations imposed on the particular application and the entire system. Skilled craftsmen may implement the described functionality in various ways for each particular application, but such implementation decisions will cause them to deviate from the scope of the invention. Should not be interpreted as.
The various descriptive logic block diagrams, modules, and circuits described in connection with the embodiments disclosed herein are general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific ICs (ASICs), and field programmables. Performed or performed with a gate array (FPGA), or other programmable logic circuit, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware components, or any combination of these designed to achieve the functionality described herein. Can be done. The general purpose processor may be a microprocessor, but in another example, the processor may be a conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Processors may also be implemented as a combination of computing units, such as a combination of DSP and microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors in combination with a DSP core, or other such configurations. Can be done.
The steps of the method or algorithm described in connection with the examples disclosed herein can be performed directly in hardware, in a software module executed by a processor, or in combination of the above two. .. Software modules reside in RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs, or any other form of storage medium known in the art. You may. The storage medium is coupled to the processor, which reads information from the storage medium and writes the information to the storage medium. Alternatively, the storage medium may be built into the processor. The processor and storage medium may reside in the ASIC. The ASIC may reside in the user terminal. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium may reside as discrete components in the user terminal.
Headings are included here for reference and to aid in exploring specific sections. These headings are not intended to limit the scope of the concepts disclosed herein, and these concepts are applicable in other sections throughout the specification.
The above description of the disclosed examples is provided so that anyone skilled in the art can make or use the present invention. Various variations of these embodiments will be readily apparent to those of skill in the art, and the comprehensive principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. .. Therefore, the present invention is not intended to be limited to the examples presented herein, and should be given the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.<u style="single">Hereinafter, the invention described in the original [Claims] of the invention of the present application will be added.</u><u style="single">[1]</u><u style="single">A synchronous broadcast transmission method in spread spectrum communication systems.</u><u style="single">The first information is spread by the first spreading code peculiar to the transmitter,</u><u style="single">A synchronous broadcast transmission method that involves spreading broadcast information with a broadcast spread code that is common to multiple transmitters.</u><u style="single">[2]</u><u style="single">Further comprising time-synchronizing the transmission with one or more other transmitters in the spread spectrum system.</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast transmission method according to the above [1].</u><u style="single">[3]</u><u style="single">Further including preparing a transmission with multiple time slots, said transmission</u><u style="single">With multiple code division modulation slots</u><u style="single">Equipped with a synchronous broadcast slot,</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast transmission method according to the above [1].</u><u style="single">[4]</u><u style="single">Modulate the first information using code division modulation and</u><u style="single">Further comprising modulating the broadcast information using orthogonal frequency division modulation, including</u><u style="single">In the step of modulating the first information, the first information is transmitted by the plurality of code division modulation slots.</u><u style="single">In the step of modulating the broadcast information, the broadcast information is transmitted by the synchronous broadcast slot.</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast transmission method according to the above [3].</u><u style="single">[5]</u><u style="single">A device for synchronous broadcast transmission in a spread spectrum transmission system.</u><u style="single">A first means for spreading the first information by a first spreading code peculiar to the transmitter,</u><u style="single">A synchronous broadcast transmission device including a second means for spreading broadcast information by a broadcast spreading code common to a plurality of transmitters.</u><u style="single">[6]</u><u style="single">One or more other transmitters in the spread spectrum system are further provided with means for time-synchronizing the transmission.</u><u style="single">The device for synchronous broadcast transmission according to the above [5].</u><u style="single">[7]</u><u style="single">Further provided with means for preparing a transmission having a plurality of time slots, said transmission</u><u style="single">With multiple code division modulation slots</u><u style="single">Equipped with a synchronous broadcast slot,</u><u style="single">The device for synchronous broadcast transmission according to the above [5].</u><u style="single">[8]</u><u style="single">A third means of modulating the first information using code division modulation, and</u><u style="single">A fourth means of modulating the broadcast information using orthogonal frequency division modulation is further provided.</u><u style="single">In the third means, the first information is transmitted by the plurality of code division modulation slots.</u><u style="single">In the fourth means, the broadcast information is transmitted by the synchronous broadcast slot.</u><u style="single">The device for synchronous broadcast transmission according to the above [5].</u><u style="single">[9]</u><u style="single">A means for receiving the first information having a first diffusion code peculiar to the transmitter of the first information, and</u><u style="single">A receiver of a spread spectrum communication system comprising means for receiving the broadcast information having a broadcast spread code common to a plurality of transmitters of the broadcast information.</u><u style="single">[10]</u><u style="single">A first modulator that modulates the first waveform optimized for unicast transmission,</u><u style="single">A broadcast modulator that modulates the second waveform optimized for broadcast transmission,</u><u style="single">An access network device comprising the first modulator and a modulation controller that operates one of the broadcast modulators as a function of the type of information to be transmitted.</u><u style="single">[11]</u><u style="single">The modulation controller</u><u style="single">A first pass for unicast transmission processing with a first encoder and a first interleaver,</u><u style="single">A second path for broadcast transmission processing having a second encoder and a second interleaver is provided.</u><u style="single">The access network device according to the above [10].</u><u style="single">[12]</u><u style="single">The access network device according to the above [10], wherein the broadcast modulator is an orthogonal frequency division modulator, and the first modulator is a code division modulator.</u><u style="single">[13]</u><u style="single">The access network apparatus according to [11] above, further comprising a selection unit configured to transmit broadcast information to a broadcast modulator and to transmit unicast information to a first modulator.</u><u style="single">[14]</u><u style="single">A transmission unit configured to prepare modulated information for transmission in the time-slot format is further provided, and broadcast information and unicast information are time-divided and multiplexed into one transmission time slot, as described above [13]. ] The access network device described in.</u><u style="single">[15]</u><u style="single">The access network device according to [14] above, wherein the one transmission time slot includes a broadcast pilot.</u><u style="single">[14]</u><u style="single">The first demodulator for demodulating unicast transmission,</u><u style="single">A broadcast demodulator for demodulating broadcast transmission and</u><u style="single">An access terminal device comprising said first modulator and a modulation controller that operates one of the broadcast modulators to function for the type of information received.</u><u style="single">[15]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to [14] above, further comprising an equalizer applied to evaluate received information.</u><u style="single">[16]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to [15], further comprising a broadcast controller that identifies the broadcast pilot signal and controls the equalizer to train based on the broadcast pilot signal.</u><u style="single">[17]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to [16] above, wherein the equalizer is used for broadcast information and communication information.</u><u style="single">[18]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to the above [17], wherein the broadcast controller configures the equalizer in a first configuration for traffic information and a second configuration for broadcast information.</u><u style="single">[19]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to [18] above, wherein the configuration is related to the number of taps used to perform the early equalizer and the adjustment of the filtering coefficient.</u><u style="single">[20]</u><u style="single">The first equalizer for evaluating received information,</u><u style="single">A broadcast equalizer for evaluating received broadcast information,</u><u style="single">It further comprises a first equalizer and a broadcast controller that controls the operation of the broadcast equalizer to function for received transmissions.</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to the above [14].</u><u style="single">[21]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to the above [14], wherein the access terminal device supports a time division multiplex forward link format.</u><u style="single">[22]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to the above [14], wherein the first demodulator is applied to demodulate code division modulation information.</u><u style="single">[23]</u><u style="single">The access terminal device according to the above [22], wherein the broadcast demodulator is applied to demodulate orthogonal frequency division modulation information.</u><u style="single">[24]</u><u style="single">The first part with code division modulation information and</u><u style="single">An information signal transmitted on a carrier wave comprising a second portion having orthogonal frequency division modulation information.</u><u style="single">[25]</u><u style="single">The second part is</u><u style="single">Broadcast pilot part and</u><u style="single">With a broadcast content part,</u><u style="single">The information signal to be transmitted according to the above [24].</u><u style="single">[26]</u><u style="single">Receive the first transmission slot,</u><u style="single">Identifying the portion of the first transmission slot with synchronous broadcast content modulated using the first modulation format and a unicast portion modulated using the second modulation format.</u><u style="single">The unicast part is demodulated and</u><u style="single">Including demodulating the broadcast portion</u><u style="single">In the identifying step, the first and second modulation formats are different, a method for synchronous broadcasting.</u><u style="single">[27]</u><u style="single">Select the first demodulator for unicast demodulation,</u><u style="single">Further including selecting a second demodulator for broadcast demodulation,</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to [26] above.</u><u style="single">[28]</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to the above [27], wherein the second modulation format is a code division modulation format.</u><u style="single">[29]</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to the above [28], wherein the first modulation format is an orthogonal frequency division modulation format.</u><u style="single">[30]</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to [28] above, wherein the first modulation format is a code division modulation format having a broadcast spreading code used by a plurality of transmitters.</u><u style="single">[31]</u><u style="single">Demodulating the broadcast portion</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to [30] above, further comprising equalizing the broadcast portion.</u><u style="single">[32]</u><u style="single">Demodulating the broadcast portion</u><u style="single">The method for synchronous broadcasting according to [31] above, further comprising training the equalizer based on a broadcast pilot.</u><u style="single">[33]</u><u style="single">Means for receiving the first transmission slot,</u><u style="single">A means of identifying a portion of the first transmission slot that comprises a synchronous broadcast content modulated using the first modulation format and a unicast portion modulated using the second modulation format.</u><u style="single">A means for demodulating the unicast portion and</u><u style="single">A means for demodulating the broadcast portion is provided.</u><u style="single">In the identification means, a synchronous broadcast device in which the first and second modulation formats are different.</u><u style="single">[34]</u><u style="single">The means of identification is</u><u style="single">A means of selecting the first demodulator for unicast demodulation,</u><u style="single">Further provided with means for selecting a second demodulator for broadcast demodulation,</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast device according to the above [33].</u><u style="single">[35]</u><u style="single">The second modulation format is a code division modulation format.</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast device according to the above [34].</u><u style="single">[36]</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcasting apparatus according to the above [35], wherein the first modulation format is an orthogonal frequency division modulation format.</u><u style="single">[37]</u><u style="single">The synchronous broadcast device according to the above [35], wherein the first modulation format is a code division modulation format having a broadcast diffusion code used by a plurality of transmitters.</u><u style="single">[38]</u><u style="single">The means for demodulating the broadcast portion is</u><u style="single">The method according to [37] above, further comprising a portion for equalizing the broadcast portion.</u><u style="single">[39]</u><u style="single">The means for demodulating the broadcast portion is</u><u style="single">The method according to [38] above, further comprising means for training the equalizer based on a broadcast pilot.</u>
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| Written request for extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601A601 | A601 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 5259684
- Publication, DOCDB
- 5259684
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP5259684B
- Application
- 260410
- Application, DOCDB
- 2010260410
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20100260410
Titles2
- Japanese
- 同期型ブロードキャスト/マルチキャスト通信
- English
- Synchronous broadcast / multicast communication
Classification
- CPC, 9
- H04L5/026
- H04W4/06
- H04L27/2607
- H04B1/707
- H04W72/30
- H04W72/0446
- H04W76/40
- H04L27/2655
- H04W36/18
- IPC, 4
- H04W4 06
- H04W56 00
- H04L5 02
- H04L27 26
