Display Apparatus and Driving Method Therefor
14 claims: 5 independent, 9 dependent
- 1(a)マトリクス状に配列された画素から構成された表示領域を有する透過型の液晶表示装置から成る表示部、 (b)表示領域を構成する複数の表示領域ユニットに対応して個別に配置された光源ユニットから成り、表示部の背面を照明するバックライト、並びに、 (c)外部からの入力信号に基づき、表示部及びバックライトを駆動する駆動部、を備えた表示装置であって、 駆動部は、各表示領域ユニットに対応する入力信号の内の最大値を有する表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号に基づき、該表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの発光状態を制御する制御部を有し、 制御部は、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値よりも大きな値である第2の規定値と同じ値若しくは第2の規定値を超える値である高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが存在する場合、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの輝度を増加させる処理を行い、 前記第1の規定値は、入力信号の最高値の25%以下の値であることを特徴とする表示装置。
- 2制御部は、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに少なくとも隣接して存在する場合、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの輝度を増加させる処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 3制御部は、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの存在の有無を調べ、且つ、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に存在するか否かを調べることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 4前記第2の規定値は、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値の内の最高値の25%を越える値であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の表示装置。
- 5(a)マトリクス状に配列された画素から構成された表示領域を有する透過型の液晶表示装置から成る表示部、 (b)表示領域を構成する複数の表示領域ユニットに対応して個別に配置された光源ユニットから成り、表示部の背面を照明するバックライト、並びに、 (c)外部からの入力信号に基づき、表示部及びバックライトを駆動する駆動部、を備えた表示装置であって、 駆動部は、各表示領域ユニットに対応する入力信号の内の最大値を有する表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号に基づき、該表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの発光状態を制御する制御部を有し、 制御部は、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの全表示領域ユニットに対する比率を求め、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が、第1の規定値よりも大きな値である第2の規定値と同じ値若しくは第2の規定値を超える値である高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に存在するか否かを調べ、 低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの比率が所定の値以上であり、且つ、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に存在する場合、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの輝度を増加させる処理を行うことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 6制御部は、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの比率が所定の値以上であり、且つ、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに少なくとも隣接して存在する場合、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの輝度を増加させる処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項5に記載の表示装置。
- 7前記第1の規定値は、入力信号の最高値の25%以下の値であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の表示装置。
- 8前記第2の規定値は、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値の内の最高値の25%を越える値であることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の表示装置。
- 9(a)マトリクス状に配列された画素から構成された表示領域を有する透過型の液晶表示装置から成る表示部、 (b)表示領域を構成する複数の表示領域ユニットに対応して個別に配置された光源ユニットから成り、表示部の背面を照明するバックライト、並びに、 (c)外部からの入力信号に基づき、表示部及びバックライトを駆動する駆動部、を備えた表示装置であって、 駆動部は、各表示領域ユニットに対応する入力信号の内の最大値を有する表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号に基づき、該表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの発光状態を制御する制御部を有し、 制御部は、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である複数個の連続した低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに隣接して、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が、第1の規定値よりも大きな値である第2の規定値と同じ値若しくは第2の規定値を超える値である高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが、存在するか否かを調べ、 高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが複数個の連続した低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに隣接して存在している場合、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに近い低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応する光源ユニットほど輝度を増加させる処理を行うことを特徴とする表示装置。
- 10制御部は、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの全表示領域ユニットに対する比率を求め、 低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの比率が所定の値以上であり、且つ、複数個の連続した低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに隣接した高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが存在している場合、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに近い低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応する光源ユニットほど輝度を増加させる処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項9に記載の表示装置。
- 11前記第1の規定値は、入力信号の最高値の25%以下の値であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の表示装置。
- 12前記第2の規定値は、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値の内の最高値の25%を越える値であることを特徴とする請求項9に記載の表示装置。
- 13(a)マトリクス状に配列された画素から構成された表示領域を有する透過型の液晶表示装置から成る表示部、 (b)表示領域を構成する複数の表示領域ユニットに対応して個別に配置された光源ユニットから成り、表示部の背面を照明するバックライト、並びに、 (c)外部からの入力信号に基づき、表示部及びバックライトを駆動する駆動部、を備え、 駆動部は、各表示領域ユニットに対応する入力信号の内の最大値を有する表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号に基づき、該表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの発光状態を制御する制御部を有する表示装置の駆動方法であって、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの全表示領域ユニットに対する比率を制御部において求め、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が、第1の規定値よりも大きな値である第2の規定値と同じ値若しくは第2の規定値を超える値である高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に存在するか否かを制御部において調べ、 低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの比率が所定の値以上であり、且つ、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットの周辺に存在する場合、低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの輝度を増加させる処理を制御部において行うことを特徴とする表示装置の駆動方法。
- 14(a)マトリクス状に配列された画素から構成された表示領域を有する透過型の液晶表示装置から成る表示部、 (b)表示領域を構成する複数の表示領域ユニットに対応して個別に配置された光源ユニットから成り、表示部の背面を照明するバックライト、並びに、 (c)外部からの入力信号に基づき、表示部及びバックライトを駆動する駆動部、を備え、 駆動部は、各表示領域ユニットに対応する入力信号の内の最大値を有する表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号に基づき、該表示領域ユニットに対応した光源ユニットの発光状態を制御する制御部を有する表示装置の駆動方法であって、 表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が第1の規定値以下である複数個の連続した低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに隣接して、表示領域ユニット内・最大入力信号の値が、第1の規定値よりも大きな値である第2の規定値と同じ値若しくは第2の規定値を超える値である高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが存在するか否かを制御部において調べ、 高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットが複数個の連続した低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに隣接して存在している場合、高輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに近い低輝度発光・表示領域ユニットに対応する光源ユニットほど輝度を増加させる処理を制御部において行うことを特徴とする表示装置の駆動方法。
Independent claims14
75 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to a display device including a display unit including a liquid crystal display device and a backlight, and a method for driving the display device.
In a liquid crystal display device, the liquid crystal material itself does not emit light. Therefore, for example, a direct type backlight is arranged on the back surface of the liquid crystal display device. In the color liquid crystal display device, one pixel is composed of, for example, three sub-pixels of a red light emitting sub pixel, a green light emitting sub pixel, and a blue light emitting sub pixel. Then, by operating each pixel or the liquid crystal cell constituting each sub-pixel as a kind of light shutter (light valve), that is, the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each pixel or each sub-pixel is controlled. The image is displayed by controlling the light transmittance of the illumination light (for example, white light) emitted from the backlight.
Conventionally, a backlight illuminates the entire liquid crystal display device with uniform and constant brightness, but a plurality of configurations different from such a backlight, that is, a display area in the liquid crystal display device. A backlight having a configuration of a plurality of light source units corresponding to the display region unit of the above and having a configuration of changing the distribution of illuminance in the display region unit is well known from, for example, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-258403.
By controlling the backlight (also called split drive of the backlight), it is possible to increase the white level in the liquid crystal display device and increase the contrast ratio by decreasing the black level. As a result, the quality of the image display is improved. It is possible to improve the power consumption of the backlight and reduce the power consumption of the backlight.
<patcit num="1"><text>Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2004-258403</text></patcit>
<p num="0006"> In a liquid crystal display device, a control signal for controlling the light transmittance of a pixel is supplied to each pixel from the drive unit based on an input signal input to the drive unit from the outside. It is conceivable to control based on the method described below. That is, the maximum brightness of each light source unit constituting the backlight is set to Y.<sub>max</sub>Let Lt be the maximum value (specifically, for example, 100%) of the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixels in the display area unit.<sub>max</sub>And. In addition, each light source unit that constitutes the backlight has the maximum brightness Y.<sub>max</sub>When is, the display luminance y of each pixel in the display area unit<sub>0</sub>Lt the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each pixel to obtain<sub>0</sub>And. Then, in this case, the light source brightness Y of each light source unit constituting the backlight<sub>0</sub>, Y<sub>0</sub> Lt<sub>max</sub>= Y<sub>max</sub> Lt<sub>0</sub>Control to satisfy. The conceptual diagrams of such control are shown in FIGS. 10A and 10B. Here, the light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>0</sub>Is changed for each frame (referred to as an image display frame for convenience) in the image display of the liquid crystal display device.</p><p num="0007"> The input signal corresponding to the maximum value among the plurality of control signals supplied to the plurality of pixels constituting the display area unit and input from the outside is the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x).<sub>U-max</sub>). Then, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit of a certain display area unit [referred to as the (A + 1) th display area unit for convenience].<sub>U-max</sub>Is a large value x<sub>H</sub>In the display area unit of the display area unit adjacent (adjacent) to this display area unit [referred to as the Ath display area unit and the (A + 2) th display area unit for convenience]. Maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max</sub>Is a small value x<sub>L</sub>Is assumed to be. That is, the light source brightness of the (A + 1) th light source unit corresponding to the (A + 1) th display area unit is a high value Y.<sub>H</sub>On the other hand, the light source brightness of the Ath and (A + 2) th light source units corresponding to the Ath and (A + 2) th display area units is a low value Y.<sub>L</sub>Is. The state of the input signal for controlling the light transmittance (aperture ratio) in the pixels constituting such a display area unit is schematically shown in FIG. 11A, and the state of the light source brightness is schematically shown in FIG. Shown in (B).</p><p num="0008"> By the way, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal cell cannot usually be completely set to "0". Therefore, even if the input signal is set to the minimum value, the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each pixel or each sub-pixel does not become the minimum value, and light leaks from the liquid crystal cell. As a result, in the (A + 1) th display area unit, the input signal corresponding to the control signal to a certain pixel is the maximum input signal in the display area unit, and a large value x<sub>H</sub>On the other hand, the other pixels that make up this (A + 1) th display area unit have a low value x<sub>L</sub>Assuming that a control signal corresponding to the input signal of is supplied, a low value x is also applied to all the pixels constituting the Ath and (A + 2) th display area units.<sub>L</sub>It is assumed that a control signal corresponding to the input signal of (see (A) in FIG. 11) is supplied. In such a case, as shown schematically in FIG. 11 (C), the display brightness is a low value x for the other pixels constituting the (A + 1) th display area unit.<sub>L</sub>Despite the fact that the control signal corresponding to the input signal of is supplied, the display brightness becomes higher than the desired display brightness in this part (the value yy in (C) of FIG. 11).<sub>L</sub>(Represented by). As a result, the values of the input signals are the same value x<sub>L</sub>Despite this, the display luminance in the pixels constituting the Ath and (A + 2) th display area units (value y in (C) of FIG. 11).<sub>L</sub>There is a difference between (represented by) and. When such a phenomenon occurs, the black display portion is observed as if it were floating, a uniform low display luminance state cannot be obtained, and the quality of the image display deteriorates.</p><p num="0009"> Therefore, an object of the present invention is a display device capable of making the state of the display brightness of a dark image display portion as uniform as possible when a bright image display portion exists in the vicinity where the dark image display portion is widened. And its driving method.</p>
<p num="0010"> The display device according to the first to third aspects of the present invention for achieving the above object, or the display device in the driving method of the display device according to the first to third aspects of the present invention. , (a) A display unit composed of a transmissive liquid crystal display device having a display area composed of pixels arranged in a matrix. (b) A backlight consisting of light source units individually arranged corresponding to a plurality of display area units constituting the display area, and a backlight that illuminates the back of the display unit, and (c) A drive unit that drives the display unit and backlight based on an external input signal, It is a display device equipped with. Then, the drive unit controls the light emitting state of the light source unit corresponding to this display area unit based on the maximum input signal in the display area unit having the maximum value among the input signals corresponding to each display area unit. have.</p><p num="0011"> In the following description, a plurality of display area units (this display area unit is a kind of virtual one) may be referred to as P × Q display area units, and in this case, the light source unit. The number is P × Q. Also, in the input signal corresponding to one display area unit (the number of input signals is equal to the number of pixels constituting this display area unit, or also equal to the number of sub-pixels constituting this display area unit). Display area Set the value of the maximum input signal in the unit to "x".<sub>U-max</sub>May be written as. Furthermore, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit (the number of maximum input signals in the display area unit is P × Q).<sub>U-max</sub>The highest value among<sub>MAX</sub>May be written as.</p><p num="0012"> In addition, the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit (x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Is the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) The following display area unit is called "low-intensity light emission / display area unit", and the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit (x).<sub>U-max</sub>) Is the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>Second specified value (PD) that is larger than)<sub>2</sub>> PD<sub>1</sub>A display area unit having the same value as () or a value exceeding the second specified value is called a "high-brightness light emitting / display area unit". Further, when the liquid crystal display device is a color liquid crystal display device, one pixel is composed of, for example, three sub-pixels of a red light emitting sub pixel, a green light emitting sub pixel, and a blue light emitting sub pixel. Therefore, the input signal is also a set of three input signals, that is, an input signal for the red light emitting sub pixel, an input signal for the green light emitting sub pixel, and an input signal for the blue light emitting sub pixel. In this case, the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit (x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Means the input signal value for the largest red-emitting sub-pixel, the input signal value for the largest green-emitting sub-pixel, and the largest blue-emitting sub-pixel in one display area unit. Refers to the maximum value of the input signal values.</p><p num="0013"> Then, in the display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, the control unit is When the high-luminance light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit, it is characterized in that processing for increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit is performed.</p><p num="0014"> Further, in the method of driving the display device according to the first aspect of the present invention, When the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit, the control unit performs a process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-intensity emission / display area unit. ..</p><p num="0015"> In the display device according to the first aspect of the present invention or the driving method thereof (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to simply as the first aspect of the present invention), the control unit is a high-luminance light emitting / display area. When the unit exists at least adjacent to the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit, the processing for increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit can be performed.</p><p num="0016"> Then, in the first aspect of the present invention including the above-mentioned preferable configuration, the control unit checks for the presence or absence of the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit, and the high-luminance light emitting / display area unit emits low-luminance light / display. It can be configured to check whether or not it exists in the vicinity of the area unit.</p><p num="0017"> Further, in the display device according to the second aspect of the present invention, the control unit is Ratio of low-brightness emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT<sub>1</sub>) Investigate whether the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit. Low-brightness emission / display area unit ratio (RT<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) The above, and when the high-brightness light emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-brightness light emission / display area unit, the process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit is performed. It is characterized by.</p><p num="0018"> Furthermore, in the method of driving the display device according to the second aspect of the present invention, Ratio of low-brightness emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT<sub>1</sub>) Is obtained in the control unit. The control unit checks whether the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit. Low-brightness emission / display area unit ratio (RT<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) The above, and when the high-brightness light emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-brightness light emission / display area unit, the control unit performs a process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit. It is characterized by performing in.</p><p num="0019"> In the display device according to the second aspect of the present invention or the driving method thereof (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to simply as the second aspect of the present invention), the control unit is a low-luminance light emitting / display area. Unit ratio (RT<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) The above, and when the high-brightness light emission / display area unit exists at least adjacent to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit, the process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit is performed. It can be configured to be performed.</p><p num="0020"> Furthermore, in the display device according to the third aspect of the present invention, the control unit is Check if there is a high-brightness light-emitting / display area unit adjacent to a plurality of continuous low-brightness light-emitting / display area units. When there is a high-brightness light emission / display area unit adjacent to a plurality of continuous low-brightness light emission / display area units, a light source unit corresponding to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit close to the high-brightness light emission / display area unit. It is characterized in that a process of increasing the brightness is performed.</p><p num="0021"> Further, in the method of driving the display device according to the third aspect of the present invention, The control unit checks whether or not there is a high-brightness light-emitting / display area unit adjacent to a plurality of continuous low-brightness light-emitting / display area units. When a high-brightness light emission / display area unit is adjacent to a plurality of continuous low-brightness light emission / display area units, a light source corresponding to the low-brightness light emission / display area unit close to the high-brightness light emission / display area unit. It is characterized in that the control unit performs a process of increasing the brightness as the unit increases.</p><p num="0022"> In the display device according to the third aspect of the present invention or the driving method thereof (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to simply as the third aspect of the present invention), the control unit is used. Ratio of low-brightness emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT<sub>1</sub>) Low-brightness emission / display area unit ratio (RT<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) Above, and when there are multiple continuous low-brightness light emission / display area units adjacent to the high-brightness light emission / display area unit, high-brightness light emission / low-brightness light emission / display close to the display area unit The light source unit corresponding to the region unit can be configured to perform processing for increasing the brightness.</p><p num="0023"> Generally, the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of a pixel (or each sub-pixel) before correction based on the γ (gamma) characteristic is such that the input signal x has a certain value x.<sub>th</sub>When it exceeds, it can be expressed by the linear function of the input signal x. However, the input signal x has a certain value x<sub>th</sub>In the following cases, the reduction rate of the light transmittance (aperture ratio) is smaller than the reduction rate of the input signal x. That is, the input signal x has a certain value x<sub>th</sub>In the following cases, it deviates from the linear function of the input signal x. In the display device or the driving method thereof according to the first to third aspects of the present invention, the first specified value (PD).<sub>1</sub>) Is, for example, this certain value x<sub>th</sub>Should be a normalized value. Alternatively, more specifically, the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) Is the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>The value may be 25% or less, preferably 15% or less. Here, the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>For example, when the gradation control is 8-bit control, 2 from 0 to 255<sup>8</sup>Gradation control is performed in stages, but the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>Is a value corresponding to "255".</p><p num="0024"> Further, in the display device or the driving method thereof according to the first to third aspects of the present invention including the above preferable configuration, the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>Highest value x<sub>MAX</sub>It can be a value exceeding 25% of.</p><p num="0025"> A predetermined value (RT) in the display device or the driving method thereof according to the second to third aspects of the present invention including various preferable forms and configurations described above.<sub>0</sub>) Depends on the characteristics of the light source. That is, when a light source having a small spread of light is used, even when the spread (area) of the low-luminance portion is small, the black display portion is observed as floating, so that a predetermined value (RT) is used.<sub>0</sub>) Needs to be small. On the other hand, when a light source that has a large spread of light and can illuminate a long distance brightly is used, even when the spread (area) of the low-luminance portion is large, it is difficult to observe the black display portion as if it were floating. RT<sub>0</sub>) Can be increased. Therefore, a predetermined value (RT)<sub>0</sub>) May be determined by conducting various tests and examining the relationship between the spread (area) of the low-luminance portion and the phenomenon in which the black display portion is observed to float.</p><p num="0026"> The light transmittance (also called aperture ratio) Lt of the pixel or sub-pixel, the brightness (display brightness) y of the part of the display area unit corresponding to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the brightness (light source brightness) Y of the light source unit are as follows. Define as follows.</p><p num="0027">Y<sub>1</sub>... It is, for example, the maximum brightness of the light source brightness, and may be hereinafter referred to as the light source brightness / first specified value. Lt<sub>1</sub>... It is, for example, the maximum value of the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of a pixel or a sub-pixel in the display area unit, and may be hereinafter referred to as a light transmittance / first specified value. Lt<sub>2</sub> Light source brightness is light source brightness First specified value Y<sub>1</sub>When is, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Is the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel when it is assumed that the control signal corresponding to the pixel or sub-pixel is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and may be hereinafter referred to as the light transmittance / second specified value. In addition, 0 Lt<sub>2</sub> Lt<sub>1</sub>y<sub>2</sub> Light source brightness is light source brightness First specified value Y<sub>1</sub>The light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel is the light transmittance / second specified value Lt.<sub>2</sub>This is the display brightness obtained on the assumption that the display brightness is the second specified value. Y<sub>2</sub> In the display area unit Maximum input signal (value: x<sub>U-max</sub>) Is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>) The light source brightness of the light source unit. However, the light source brightness Y<sub>2</sub>May be corrected in consideration of the influence of the light source brightness of each light source unit on the light source brightness of other light source units.</p><p num="0028"> In the first aspect of the present invention, the control unit checks for the presence or absence of the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit. In this case, if even one low-luminance light emitting / display area unit exists, It is assumed that a low-luminance emission / display area unit exists. Further, the control unit checks whether or not the high-intensity light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit. Here, the "periphery" of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit is used. , When a high-brightness light-emitting / display area unit is adjacent to one low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit, or when R consecutive low-brightness light-emitting / display area units (where R is an integer of 2 or more) It means a state in which a high-intensity light emitting / display area unit is adjacent to one end. Alternatively, R'number of display area units (where R'is an integer of 1 or more) between the low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit and the high-brightness light-emitting / display area unit (referred to as an intermediate display area unit for convenience). Means the state in which. In this case, the intermediate display area unit is the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit (x).<sub>U-max</sub>) Is the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) And the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is a display area unit with a value less than.</p><p num="0029"> Further, in the first aspect of the present invention, when the high-intensity light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit, the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit Is performed, specifically, for example, the following processing is performed. That is, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (however, its value x'<sub>U-max</sub>Is x<sub>MAX</sub>It is assumed that a control signal corresponding to (a value exceeding) is supplied to the pixel or the sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or the sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>), The light source brightness of the light source unit (Y)<sub>2</sub>(Sometimes written as') is performed. Then, this process may be performed on the light source units corresponding to all the low-luminance light emitting / display area units. Furthermore, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>), The light source brightness of the light source unit is the light source brightness Y<sub>2</sub>The light source brightness is Y for all light source units that have not reached'.<sub>2</sub>'You may perform the process so that it becomes. In other light source units, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>) Light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>2</sub>It is sufficient to carry out the processing so as to obtain.</p><p num="0030"> In the second aspect of the present invention, the control unit examines whether or not the high-luminance light emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-luminance light emission / display area unit. -The "periphery" of the display area unit means one low-brightness light emission, high-brightness light emission when the display area unit is adjacent, or R consecutive pieces (however, R is an integer of 2 or more). ) Means a state in which the high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit is adjacent to one end of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit. Alternatively, it also means that there are R'intermediate display area units (where R'is an integer of 1 or more) between the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit and the high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit. .. In addition, the ratio of low-brightness emission / display area units (RT)<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) The above, and when the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit, the process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-intensity emission / display area unit is performed. Specifically, for example, the same processing as described in the first aspect of the present invention may be performed. In the second aspect of the present invention, the ratio of the obtained low-luminance emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT).<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) In the above case, since the process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance emission / display area unit is performed, a more natural image display can be obtained.</p><p num="0031"> In the third aspect of the present invention, the control unit performs a process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit closer to the high-luminance light emitting / display area unit. Specifically, the first low-brightness light emission / display area unit is the continuous low-brightness light emission / display area unit of R pieces (however, R is an integer of 2 or more) based on the position of the high-brightness light emission / display area unit. When the display area unit, the second low-brightness light source / display area unit, ..., The (R-1) th low-brightness light source / display area unit, and the Rth low-brightness light source / display area unit are used. , In the light source unit corresponding to the r-th (however, r = 1,2 ... R) low-intensity light emission / display area unit, the maximum input signal (value: x in the display area unit<sub>U-max</sub>It is assumed that the control signal corresponding to (r)) is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>), The light source brightness of the light source unit (Y)<sub>2</sub>(R) ) is obtained. Here, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>(r) is x <sub>U-max</sub>(r) = β<sub>1</sub><sup>r</sup> X<sub>MAX</sub> (However, 0 <β<sub>1</sub><1) Or x <sub>U-max</sub>(r) = (1-β<sub>2</sub> R) x<sub>MAX</sub> (However, 0 <β<sub>2</sub><1) You just have to be satisfied. In the third aspect of the present invention, the ratio of the obtained low-luminance emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT).<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) In the above case, since the process of gradually increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance emission / display area unit is performed, a more natural image display can be obtained.</p><p num="0032"> In the first aspect of the present invention, when the high-intensity light emitting / display area unit does not exist in the vicinity of the low-intensity light emitting / display area unit, for example, the following processing is performed in all the light source units. Further, in the second aspect of the present invention, the ratio of low-luminance emission / display area units (RT).<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>), Or even when the high-intensity emission / display area unit does not exist in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit, for example, the following processing is performed in all the light source units. Furthermore, in the third aspect of the present invention, the ratio of low-luminance emission / display area units (RT).<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>), Or when the high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit does not exist adjacent to the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit, or when a plurality of low-intensity light-emitting / display area units are not continuous. Also in this case, for example, the following processing is performed in all the light source units. That is, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Is supplied to the pixel or sub-pixel, and the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixel or sub-pixel at this time is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>Assuming that it has been corrected to, the brightness of the pixel or sub-pixel is displayed as the display brightness / second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>) Light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>2</sub>Is performed so that</p><p num="0033"> In the display device or the driving method thereof according to the first to third aspects of the present invention including the preferred embodiments and configurations described above (hereinafter, these may be collectively referred to as the present invention). , One light source unit is surrounded by four light source units, or is also surrounded by three light source units and one side of a housing (discussed below), or two light source units and a housing. Surrounded by sides. Then, high-brightness light-emitting-display area unit, low-luminance light emission, tables exist around the display region unit or also, if adjacent to the low-luminance light emission and display area unit, the low-luminance light emission and display area unit As a reference, the high-intensity light emitting / display area unit may exist or be adjacent to each other along at least one of the eight directions (vertical, horizontal, diagonal).</p><p num="0034"> In the present invention, a light emitting diode (LED) can be mentioned as a light source of a light source unit constituting a backlight, or a cold cathode ray type fluorescent lamp, an electroluminescence (EL) device, or a cold cathode electric field electron emission. Devices (FEDs), plasma indicators, and regular lamps can also be mentioned. When the light source is composed of a light emitting diode, for example, a red light emitting diode that emits red light having a wavelength of 640 nm, a green light emitting diode that emits green light having a wavelength of 530 nm, and a blue light emitting diode that emits blue light having a wavelength of 450 nm are used as a set. It can be configured to obtain white light, or white light can be obtained by emitting light from a white light emitting diode (for example, a light emitting diode that emits white light by combining an ultraviolet or blue light emitting diode and a phosphor particle). A light emitting diode that emits a fourth color other than red, green, and blue, a fifth color, and so on may be further provided.</p><p num="0035"> When the light source is composed of light emitting diodes, a plurality of red light emitting diodes that emit red light, a plurality of green light emitting diodes that emit green light, and a plurality of blue light emitting diodes that emit blue light are arranged and arranged in the housing. Has been done. More specifically, (1 red light emitting diode, 1 green light emitting diode, 1 blue light emitting diode), (1 red light emitting diode, 2 green light emitting diodes, 1 blue light emitting diode), (2 red light emitting diodes) A light source can be configured from a light emitting diode unit consisting of a combination of a light emitting diode, two green light emitting diodes, one blue light emitting diode, and the like. One light source unit includes at least one light emitting diode unit.</p><p num="0036"> The light emitting diode may have a so-called face-up structure or a flip chip structure. That is, the light emitting diode is composed of a substrate and a light emitting layer formed on the substrate, and may have a structure in which light is emitted from the light emitting layer to the outside, or light from the light emitting layer passes through the substrate. It may be a structure that is emitted to the outside. More specifically, the light emitting diode (LED) is formed on, for example, a first clad layer and a first clad layer made of a compound semiconductor layer having a first conductive type (for example, n type) formed on a substrate. It has a laminated structure of a second clad layer composed of an active layer and a compound semiconductor layer having a second conductive type (for example, p type) formed on the active layer, and is electrically connected to the first clad layer. It has one electrode and a second electrode that is electrically connected to the second clad layer. The layer constituting the light emitting diode may be composed of a well-known compound semiconductor material depending on the emission wavelength.</p><p num="0037"> In the present invention, an optical sensor for measuring the light emitting state of the light source (specifically, for example, the brightness of the light source, the chromaticity of the light source, or the brightness and chromaticity of the light source) is provided. It is desirable to have. The number of light sensors may be at least one, but a configuration in which one set of light sensors is arranged in one light source unit ensures that the light emitting state of each light source unit is measured. Desirable from. Examples of the optical sensor include well-known photodiodes and CCD devices. When the light source is composed of, for example, a red light emitting diode, a green light emitting diode, and a blue light emitting diode as a set, the light emitting state of the light source measured by the optical sensor is the brightness and chromaticity of the light source. Also, in this case, a set of optical sensors, a photodiode with a red filter attached to measure the light intensity of red light, a photodiode with a green filter attached to measure the light intensity of green light, It can also consist of a photodiode equipped with a blue filter to measure the light intensity of blue light.</p><p num="0038"> The drive unit including the control unit is, for example, a control circuit (control) composed of a pulse width modulation (PWM) signal generation circuit, a duty ratio control circuit, a light emitting diode (LED) drive circuit, an arithmetic circuit, a storage device (memory), and the like. It can be composed of a backlight control circuit and a light source unit drive circuit as a unit), and a liquid crystal display device drive circuit composed of well-known circuits such as a timing controller.</p><p num="0039"> The backlight may be further provided with a group of optical functional sheets such as a diffuser plate, a diffuser sheet, a prism sheet, and a polarization conversion sheet, and a reflective sheet.</p><p num="0040"> The brightness of the pixels (display brightness) and the brightness of the light source unit (light source brightness) are controlled for each image display frame. The number of image information (images per second) sent to the drive unit as an electric signal per second is the frame frequency (frame rate), and the reciprocal of the frame frequency is the frame time (unit: seconds).</p><p num="0041"> The transmissive liquid crystal display device is, for example, a front panel having a transparent first electrode, a rear panel having a transparent second electrode, and a liquid crystal material arranged between the front panel and the rear panel. Consists of.</p><p num="0042"> More specifically, the front panel includes a first substrate made of, for example, a glass substrate or a silicon substrate, and a transparent first electrode (also called a common electrode, for example, ITO) provided on the inner surface of the first substrate. It is composed of (consisting of) and a polarizing film provided on the outer surface of the first substrate. Further, in the transmissive color liquid crystal display device, a color filter coated with an overcoat layer made of an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin is provided on the inner surface of the first substrate. Examples of the color filter arrangement pattern include a delta arrangement, a stripe arrangement, a diagonal arrangement, and a rectangle arrangement. The front panel further has a structure in which a transparent first electrode is formed on the overcoat layer. An alignment film is formed on the transparent first electrode. On the other hand, in the rear panel, more specifically, for example, a second substrate made of a glass substrate or a silicon substrate, a switching element formed on the inner surface of the second substrate, and a switching element make the rear panel conductive / non-conducting. It is composed of a controlled transparent second electrode (also called a pixel electrode, which is composed of, for example, ITO) and a polarizing film provided on the outer surface of the second substrate. An alignment film is formed on the entire surface including the transparent second electrode. Various members and liquid crystal materials constituting the liquid crystal display device including these transmissive color liquid crystal display devices can be made of well-known members and materials. Examples of the switching element include a 3-terminal element such as a MOS type FET and a thin film transistor (TFT) formed on a single crystal silicon semiconductor substrate, and a 2-terminal element such as an MIM element, a varistor element, and a diode.</p><p num="0043"> The area where the transparent first electrode and the transparent second electrode overlap and include the liquid crystal cell corresponds to one pixel (pixel) or one sub-pixel (subpixel). In the transmissive color liquid crystal display device, the red light emitting sub-pixel (sub-pixel [R]) constituting each pixel is composed of a combination of the region and a color filter that transmits red, and is green. The light emitting sub-pixel (sub-pixel [G]) is composed of a combination of the region and a color filter that transmits green, and the blue light emitting sub-pixel (sub-pixel [B]) is a color filter that transmits the region and blue. It is composed of a combination with and. The arrangement pattern of the sub-pixel [R], the sub-pixel [G], and the sub-pixel [B] matches the arrangement pattern of the color filter described above. The pixel is not limited to a configuration in which three sub-pixels of a red light emitting sub pixel, a green light emitting sub pixel, and a blue light emitting sub pixel are configured as one set, and for example, one is further added to these three sub pixels. Alternatively, one set with multiple sub-pixels (for example, one set with sub-pixels that emit white to improve brightness, one set with sub-pixels that emit complementary colors to expand the color reproduction range, It can also be composed of one set in which sub-pixels that emit yellow light are added to expand the color reproduction range, and one set in which sub-pixels that emit yellow and cyan are added in order to expand the color reproduction range).</p><p num="0044"> Number of pixels arranged in a matrix M<sub>0</sub>× N<sub>0</sub>(M<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>0</sub>), (M<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>0</sub>), Specifically, VGA (640,480), S-VGA (800,600), XGA (1024,768), APRC (1152,900), S-XGA (1280,1024), U-XGA (1600). , 1200), HD-TV (1920,1080), Q-XGA (2048,1536), (1920,1035), (720,480), (1280,960), etc. However, it is not limited to these values. Also, (M<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>0</sub>The relationship between the value of) and the value of (P, Q) is not limited, but can be illustrated in Table 1 below. As the number of pixels constituting one display area unit, 20 × 20 to 320 × 240, preferably 50 × 50 to 200 × 200 can be exemplified. The number of pixels in the display area unit may be constant or different.</p><p num="0045"><img id="000002" he="122" wi="152" file="JP5176397B2_D0001.tif" img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" /></p>
<p num="0046"> In the present invention, the low-brightness light emission / display area unit satisfies a specific condition, and the positional relationship between the low-brightness light source / display area unit and the high-brightness light emission / display area unit satisfies a predetermined relationship. At this time, a process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance emission / display area unit is performed. Therefore, even when a bright image display portion exists in the vicinity where the dark image display portion is widened, it is possible to make the display brightness state of the dark image display portion as uniform as possible, and the black display portion is partially covered. It is possible to reliably avoid the occurrence of problems such as the fact that the image is observed as floating, a uniform low display luminance state cannot be obtained, and the quality of the image display is deteriorated.</p><p num="0047"> Furthermore, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit<sub>U-max</sub>Pixel brightness (light transmittance, first specified value Lt) when it is assumed that a control signal corresponding to an input signal having a value equal to is supplied to the pixel.<sub>1</sub>Display brightness / second specified value y<sub>2</sub>) Is obtained by controlling the brightness of the light source constituting the light source unit corresponding to the display area unit by the drive unit, so that not only the power consumption of the backlight can be reduced, but also the white level is increased and black is obtained. A high contrast ratio (brightness ratio between the all-black display and the all-white display on the screen surface of the liquid crystal display device, which does not include external light reflection, etc.) can be obtained by lowering the level, and the desired display area can be obtained. Since it is possible to emphasize the brightness, it is possible to improve the quality of the image display.</p>
Hereinafter, the display device of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings, but prior to that, an outline of a display unit and a backlight made of a transmissive color liquid crystal display device suitable for use in the examples will be described. This will be described with reference to FIGS. 4, 5, 6 (A) and 6 (B), and FIG. 7.
As shown in the conceptual diagram in FIG. 4, the transmissive color liquid crystal display device 10 corresponding to the display unit is M along the first direction.<sub>0</sub>Pieces, N along the second direction<sub>0</sub>A total of M<sub>0</sub>× N<sub>0</sub>The display area 11 in which the pixels are arranged in a matrix is provided. Here, it is assumed that the display area 11 is divided into P × Q virtual display area units 12. Each display area unit 12 is composed of a plurality of pixels. Specifically, for example, the resolution for displaying an image satisfies the HD-TV standard, and the number of pixels (pixels) arranged in a matrix is M.<sub>0</sub>× N<sub>0</sub>(M<sub>0</sub>, N<sub>0</sub>), For example, (1920,1080). In addition, the display area 11 (shown by the alternate long and short dash line in FIG. 4) composed of pixels arranged in a matrix is divided into P × Q virtual display area units 12 (boundaries are shown by dotted lines). .. The value of (P, Q) is, for example, (19,12). However, for the sake of simplification of the drawing, the number of display area units 12 (and the light source unit 42 described later) in FIG. 4 is different from this value. Each display area unit 12 is composed of a plurality of (M × N) pixels, and the number of pixels constituting one display area unit 12 is, for example, about 10,000. Each pixel is configured as a set of a plurality of sub-pixels, each of which emits a different color. More specifically, each pixel has three red-emitting sub-pixels (sub-pixel [R]), green-emitting sub-pixel (sub-pixel [G]), and blue-emitting sub-pixel (sub-pixel [B]). It is composed of sub-pixels (sub-pixels). The transmissive color liquid crystal display device 10 is driven in a line-sequential manner. More specifically, the color liquid crystal display device 10 has scanning electrodes (extending along the first direction) and data electrodes (extending along the second direction) that intersect in a matrix. Then, a scanning signal is input to the scanning electrode to select and scan the scanning electrode, and an image is displayed based on the data signal (a signal based on the control signal) input to the data electrode to form one screen.
As shown in a schematic partial cross-sectional view of FIG. 7, the color liquid crystal display device 10 includes a front panel 20 having a transparent first electrode 24, a rear panel 30 having a transparent second electrode 34, and a rear panel 30. It consists of a liquid crystal material 13 arranged between the front panel 20 and the rear panel 30.
The front panel 20 is composed of, for example, a first substrate 21 made of a glass substrate and a polarizing film 26 provided on the outer surface of the first substrate 21. A color filter 22 coated with an overcoat layer 23 made of an acrylic resin or an epoxy resin is provided on the inner surface of the first substrate 21, and a transparent first electrode (also called a common electrode) is provided on the overcoat layer 23. (For example, made of ITO) 24 is formed, and an alignment film 25 is formed on the transparent first electrode 24. On the other hand, the rear panel 30 is more specifically, for example, a second substrate 31 made of a glass substrate and a switching element (specifically, a thin film transistor, TFT) formed on the inner surface of the second substrate 31. 32, a transparent second electrode (also called a pixel electrode, which is also called a pixel electrode and is composed of, for example, ITO) 34 whose conduction / non-conduction is controlled by a switching element 32, and a polarizing film 36 provided on the outer surface of the second substrate 31. It is composed of. An alignment film 35 is formed on the entire surface including the transparent second electrode 34. The front panel 20 and the rear panel 30 are joined to each other via a sealing material (not shown) at their outer peripheral portions. The switching element 32 is not limited to the TFT, and may be composed of, for example, an MIM element. Further, reference numeral 37 in the drawing is an insulating layer provided between the switching element 32 and the switching element 32.
Since various members and liquid crystal materials constituting these transmissive color liquid crystal display devices can be composed of well-known members and materials, detailed description thereof will be omitted.
The backlight (direct type planar light source device) 40 is composed of P × Q light source units 42 individually arranged corresponding to P × Q virtual display area units 12, and each light source unit 42 is composed of P × Q light source units 42. , Illuminate the display area unit 12 corresponding to the light source unit 42 from the back. Then, the light sources provided in the light source unit 42 are individually controlled. Although the backlight 40 is located below the color liquid crystal display device 10, in FIG. 4, the color liquid crystal display device 10 and the backlight 40 are displayed separately. The arrangement and arrangement state of the light emitting diodes and the like in the backlight 40 are schematically shown in FIG. 6A, and a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the display device including the color liquid crystal display device 10 and the backlight 40 is shown in FIG. Shown in (B). The light source consists of a light emitting diode 41 driven by a pulse width modulation (PWM) control scheme.
As shown in FIG. 6B, which is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the display device, the backlight 40 is composed of a housing 51 including an outer frame 53 and an inner frame 54. The end of the transmissive color liquid crystal display device 10 is held by the outer frame 53 and the inner frame 54 so as to be sandwiched between the spacers 55A and 55B. Further, a guide member 56 is arranged between the outer frame 53 and the inner frame 54, so that the color liquid crystal display device 10 sandwiched between the outer frame 53 and the inner frame 54 does not shift. A diffuser plate 61 is attached to the inner frame 54 via a spacer 55C and a bracket member 57 at the upper part of the inside of the housing 51. Further, an optical functional sheet group such as a diffusion sheet 62, a prism sheet 63, and a polarization conversion sheet 64 is laminated on the diffusion plate 61.
A reflective sheet 65 is provided inside the housing 51 and at the bottom thereof. Here, the reflective sheet 65 is arranged so that its reflective surface faces the diffuser plate 61, and is attached to the bottom surface 52A of the housing 51 via a mounting member (not shown). The reflective sheet 65 can be composed of, for example, a silver antireflection film having a structure in which a silver reflective film, a low refractive index film, and a high refractive index film are laminated in this order on a sheet base material. The reflective sheet 65 transmits the light emitted from the plurality of light emitting diodes 41 (light source 41), the light reflected by the side surface 52B of the housing 51, or, in some cases, the partition wall 44 shown in FIG. 6 (A). reflect. In this way, it is emitted from a plurality of red light emitting diodes 41R (light source 41R) that emit red light, a plurality of green light emitting diodes 41G (light source 41G) that emit green light, and a plurality of blue light emitting diodes 41B (light source 41B) that emit blue light. The red light, green light, and blue light are mixed, and white light having high color purity can be obtained as illumination light. This illumination light passes through a group of optical functional sheets such as a diffuser plate 61, a diffuser sheet 62, a prism sheet 63, and a polarization conversion sheet 64, and irradiates the color liquid crystal display device 10 from the back surface. The light source unit 42 and the light source unit 42 constituting the backlight 40 are separated by a partition wall 44. The partition wall 44 is attached to the bottom surface 52A of the housing 51 via an attachment member (not shown).
Photodiodes 43R, 43G, 43B, which are optical sensors, are arranged in the vicinity of the bottom surface 52A of the housing 51. The photodiode 43R is a photodiode to which a red filter is attached to measure the light intensity of red light, and the photodiode 43G is a photodiode to which a green filter is attached to measure the light intensity of green light. It is a diode, and the photodiode 43B is a photodiode to which a blue filter is attached to measure the light intensity of blue light. Here, one set of optical sensors (photodiodes 43R, 43G, 43B) is arranged in one light source unit 42. The light emitting state of the light sources 41R, 41G, 41B measured by the photodiodes 43R, 43G, 43B, which are optical sensors, is the brightness and chromaticity of the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B.
The arrangement states of the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B are, for example, a red light emitting diode 41R that emits red (for example, wavelength 640 nm), a green light emitting diode 41G that emits green (for example, wavelength 530 nm), and blue (for example, wavelength 530 nm). A plurality of light emitting diode units including a set of blue light emitting diodes 41B that emit light (wavelength 450 nm) can be arranged in the horizontal and vertical directions. In this case, one light emitting diode unit is arranged in one light source unit 42.
As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, the drive unit for driving the backlight 40 and the color liquid crystal display device 10 based on the input signal from the outside (display circuit) is based on the pulse width modulation control method. The backlight control circuit 70 and the light source unit drive circuit 80 (corresponding to the control unit) that control the on / off of the red light emitting diode 41R, the green light emitting diode 41G, and the blue light emitting diode 41B, and the liquid crystal display drive circuit. It consists of 90. The backlight control circuit 70 includes an arithmetic circuit 71 and a storage device (memory) 72. Then, the maximum value x of the input signals corresponding to each display area unit 12<sub>U-max</sub>Controls the light emitting state of the light source unit 42 corresponding to the display area unit 12 based on the maximum input signal in the display area unit having the above. On the other hand, the light source unit drive circuit 80 includes an arithmetic circuit 81, a storage device (memory) 82, an LED drive circuit 83, a photodiode control circuit 84, switching elements 85R, 85G, 85B consisting of FETs, and a light emitting diode drive power supply (constant current source). ) Consists of 86. These circuits and the like constituting the backlight control circuit 70 and the light source unit drive circuit 80 can be well-known circuits and the like. On the other hand, the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 for driving the color liquid crystal display device 10 is composed of a well-known circuit such as a timing controller 91. The color liquid crystal display device 10 is provided with a gate driver, a source driver, and the like (these are not shown) for driving a switching element 32 composed of TFTs constituting the liquid crystal cell. The light emitting state of the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B in a certain image display frame is measured by the photodiodes 43R, 43G, 43B, and the output from the photodiodes 43R, 43G, 43B is input to the photodiode control circuit 84, and the photo In the diode control circuit 84 and the arithmetic circuit 81, the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B are regarded as data (signals) as, for example, brightness and chromaticity, and the relevant data is sent to the LED drive circuit 83 to emit light in the next image display frame. A feedback mechanism is formed in which the light emitting states of the diodes 41R, 41G, and 41B are controlled. Also, downstream of the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B is a resistor r for current detection.<sub>R</sub>, r<sub>G</sub>, r<sub>B</sub>Is inserted in series with the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, 41B, and the resistor r<sub>R</sub>, r<sub>G</sub>, r<sub>B</sub>The current flowing through the resistor is converted into a voltage, and the resistor r<sub>R</sub>, r<sub>G</sub>, r<sub>B</sub>The operation of the light emitting diode drive power supply 86 is controlled under the control of the LED drive circuit 83 so that the voltage drop in the above becomes a predetermined value. Here, in FIG. 5, the light emitting diode drive power supply (constant current source) 86 is depicted as one, but in reality, the light emitting diode drive power supply for driving each of the light emitting diodes 41R, 41G, and 41B. 86 are arranged.
The display area composed of pixels arranged in a matrix is divided into P × Q display area units. When this state is expressed by rows and columns, it is Q rows × P columns. It can be said that it is divided into display area units. Further, the display area unit 12 is composed of a plurality of (M × N) pixels, but when this state is expressed by rows and columns, it is said that the display area unit 12 is composed of N rows × M columns of pixels. I can say. It should be noted that the display is arranged in a matrix and is located in the qth row and the pth column [however, q = 1,2, ···, Q and p = 1,2, ···, P]. Area unit and light source unit, respectively, display area unit 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>, Light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Notated as, display area unit 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>Or light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>The subscript "(q, p)" or "-(q, p)" may be added to the elements and items related to. Here, the red light emitting sub-pixel (sub pixel [R]), the green light emitting sub pixel (sub pixel [G]), and the blue light emitting sub pixel (sub pixel [B]) are collectively referred to as "sub pixel [ R, G, B] , and for controlling the operation of the sub-pixel [R, G, B] (specifically, for example, controlling the light transmission rate (opening ratio)), the sub-pixel The red emission control signal, the green emission control signal, and the blue emission control signal input to [R, G, B] may be collectively called "control signal [R, G, B]". , Red emission sub-pixel input signal, green emission sub-pixel input signal, and blue emission sub-pixel input that are externally input to the drive unit to drive the sub-pixels [R, G, B] that make up the display area unit. The signals may be collectively called "input signal [R, G, B]".
Each pixel has three sub-pixels (sub-pixels): sub-pixel [R] (red-emitting sub-pixel), sub-pixel [G] (green-emitting sub-pixel), and sub-pixel [B] (blue-emitting sub-pixel). Is configured as one set, but in the following embodiment, the brightness control (gradation control) of each of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is set to 8-bit control, and 2 from 0 to 255.<sup>8</sup>It will be done in stages. Therefore, the value of the input signal [R, G, B] input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 to drive each of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] in each pixel constituting each display area unit 12. x<sub>R</sub>, x<sub>G</sub>, x<sub>B</sub>Each of 2<sup>8</sup>Take a step value. Further, the value S of the pulse width modulated output signal for controlling the light emission time of each of the red light emitting diode 41R, the green light emitting diode 41G, and the blue light emitting diode 41B constituting each light source unit.<sub>R</sub>, S<sub>G</sub>, S<sub>B</sub>Also, 2 from 0 to 255<sup>8</sup>Take a step value. However, it is not limited to this, for example, 10-bit control is used, and 2 of 0 to 1023 is used.<sup>10</sup>It can also be done in stages, in which case the 8-bit numerical representation may be multiplied by, for example, four.
A control signal for controlling the light transmittance Lt of each pixel is supplied to each of the pixels from the drive unit. Specifically, each of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] has a control signal [R, G, B] that controls the light transmittance Lt of each of the sub-pixels [R, G, B]. It is supplied from the drive circuit 90. That is, in the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90, a control signal [R, G, B] is generated from the input input signal [R, G, B], and this control signal [R, G, B] is a sub-pixel. It is supplied (output) to [R, G, B]. The light source brightness Y of the light source unit 42<sub>2</sub>Is changed for each image display frame, so the control signal [R, G, B] is basically the light source brightness Y with respect to the value obtained by multiplying the value of the input signal [R, G, B] by 2.2.<sub>2</sub>It has a value that has been corrected (compensated) based on the change in. Then, a control signal [R, G, B] is transmitted from the timing controller 91 constituting the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 to the gate driver and the source driver of the color liquid crystal display device 10 by a well-known method, and the control signal is sent. The switching elements 32 that make up each sub-pixel are driven based on [R, G, B], and a desired voltage is applied to the transparent first electrode 24 and the transparent second electrode 34 that make up the liquid crystal cell. The light transmission (aperture ratio) Lt of the sub-pixel is controlled. Here, the larger the value of the control signal [R, G, B], the higher the light transmittance (aperture ratio of the sub-pixel) Lt of the sub-pixel [R, G, B], and the higher the sub-pixel [R, G, B]. The value of the brightness (display brightness y) of B] becomes high. That is, an image (usually a kind, point-shaped) composed of light passing through sub-pixels [R, G, B] is bright.
Display brightness y and light source brightness Y<sub>2</sub>Is controlled for each image display frame, each display area unit, and each light source unit in the image display of the color liquid crystal display device 10. Further, the operation of the color liquid crystal display device 10 and the operation of the backlight 40 in one image display frame are synchronized with each other.
The first embodiment relates to a display device and a driving method thereof according to the first aspect of the present invention. In the first embodiment, in the backlight control circuit 70 and the light source unit drive circuit 80 corresponding to the control unit, when the high-brightness light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit, the low brightness is low. Performs processing to increase the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the light emitting / display area unit. Further, the control unit performs a process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit when the high-brightness light-emitting / display area unit exists at least adjacent to the low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit. Do. Further, the control unit checks whether or not the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit exists, and also checks whether or not the high-brightness light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit.
In Example 1 or Examples 2 to 3 described later, the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) Is the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>It is one of the values less than or equal to 25% of. In addition, the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>Highest value x<sub>MAX</sub>100% value of, that is, the highest value x<sub>MAX</sub>As such. In addition, 2 of 0 to 255<sup>8</sup>Since gradation control is performed in stages, the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>Is a value corresponding to "255".
As another setting example, the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>), The first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) Is the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>A value of 25% or less (for example, 15%) of the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is the maximum value of the input signal x<sub>In-max</sub>It may be a value exceeding 25% of (for example, 85%). In addition, the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is changed by the input signal, the second specified value (PD)<sub>2</sub>) Is the first specified value (PD)<sub>1</sub>) You may set the lower limit so that it does not fall below.
Hereinafter, the driving method of the display device in the first embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 1, 3, 4, and 5.
[Step-100] The input signals [R, G, B] and clock signal CLK for one image display frame transmitted from a well-known display circuit such as a scan converter are input to the backlight control circuit 70 and the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 ( See Figure 4). The input signal [R, G, B] is, for example, the amount of input light to the image pickup tube.<sub>in</sub>When, it is an output signal from the image pickup tube, for example, an input signal output from a broadcasting station or the like and input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 in order to control the light transmittance Lt of the pixel, and is an input light amount. y<sub>in</sub>Can be expressed as a function of 0.45. Then, the value x of the input signal [R, G, B] for one image display frame input to the backlight control circuit 70.<sub>R</sub>, x<sub>G</sub>, x<sub>B</sub>Is temporarily stored in the storage device (memory) 72 that constitutes the backlight control circuit 70. In addition, the value x of the input signal [R, G, B] for one image display frame input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90.<sub>R</sub>, x<sub>G</sub>, x<sub>B</sub>Is also temporarily stored in a storage device (not shown) constituting the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90.
[Step-110] Next, in the arithmetic circuit 71 constituting the backlight control circuit 70, the value of the input signal [R, G, B] stored in the storage device 72 is read out, and the (p, q) th [however, first, p = 1, q = 1] display area unit 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>In this (p, q) th display area unit 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>Sub-pixels [R, G, B] in all the pixels that make up<sub>(q, p)</sub>Input signal [R, G, B] to drive<sub>(q, p)</sub>Value x<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Display area that is the maximum value in the unit Maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is obtained in the arithmetic circuit 71. Then, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is stored in the storage device 72. This step is executed for all of m = 1,2, ···, M, n = 1,2, ···, N, that is, for M × N pixels.
For example, x<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>Is the value equivalent to "110" and x<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>Is the value equivalent to "250" and x<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>If is a value equivalent to "50", x<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is a value equivalent to "250".
This operation is repeated from (p, q) = (1,1) to (P, Q), and all display area units 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>Display area in the unit Maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is stored in the storage device 72.
At the same time, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is the first specified value PD<sub>1</sub>Check for the presence or absence of the following low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit, and if there is even one low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit, store the position (p, q) in the storage device 72 and lower it. Change the brightness emission / display area unit / existence flag from the already reset initial value "0" to "1". Furthermore, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>However, the second specified value PD<sub>2</sub>It is investigated whether or not a high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit having the same value as or exceeding the second specified value exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit, and such a high-intensity light-emitting / display area If the unit exists, its position (p, q) is stored in the storage device 72, and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is changed from the already reset initial value "0" to "1". To do.
In the first embodiment, the high-brightness light emitting / display area unit is adjacent to the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit in any one of the eight directions of the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit (adjacent). If it matches), it is assumed that the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists around the low-intensity emission / display area unit.
Light transmittance in the pixels constituting the display area unit when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1". The state of the input signal for controlling the aperture ratio) is schematically shown in FIG. 1 (A), and the state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 1) in this state is schematically shown in FIG. 1 (B). In addition, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit of the high-intensity light emission / display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>X<sub>H</sub>Indicated by, low-intensity light emission, display area unit display area unit, maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max</sub>X<sub>L</sub>Indicated by. In this state, the light source brightness 1 of the light source unit corresponding to the high-brightness emission / display area unit is a high value Y.<sub>H</sub>On the other hand, the light source brightness 1 of the light source unit corresponding to the low-luminance emission / display area unit is a low value Y.<sub>L</sub>Is. The state of the light source brightness 1 shown in FIG. 1 (B), and the light source brightness (light source brightness) shown in FIGS. 1 (C), (D), and 2 (B), (C), (D), which will be described later. 1,2), the state of display brightness showed an ideal state. In practice, the light source brightness of one light source unit is affected by the light source brightness of another light source unit. In addition, in FIG. 1 or FIG. 2 described later, the high-intensity emission / display area unit and the low-intensity emission / display area unit are displayed as a high-intensity display area unit and a low-intensity display area unit, and the light source unit corresponding to these is displayed. , High-intensity light source unit and low-intensity light source unit are displayed.
[Step-120] Next, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1", the light source corresponding to the low-intensity light emission / display area unit. The process of increasing the brightness of the unit is performed. Specifically, the following process is performed. That is, specifically, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (however, its value x'<sub>U-max</sub>Is x<sub>MAX</sub>It is assumed that the control signal [R, G, B] corresponding to (the same applies to the second embodiment described later) is supplied to the sub-pixel [R, G, B], and at this time, The light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt.<sub>1</sub>The brightness of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is displayed as the display brightness and the second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>And in (D) of Fig. 1, y<sub>L</sub>Light source brightness Y of the light source unit to be (indicated by')<sub>2</sub>'(Y in (C) of Fig. 1<sub>L</sub>Perform processing so that (indicated by') is obtained. That is, the light source brightness of the light source unit is set to the light source unit drive circuit 80.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Increases or decreases under the control of.
Then, in the first embodiment, this processing is performed on the light source units corresponding to all the low-luminance light emitting / display area units. Furthermore, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Corresponding to the control signal [R, G, B] supplied to the sub-pixel [R, G, B], and the light transmittance (aperture) of the sub-pixel [R, G, B] at this time. Rate) is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt<sub>1</sub>The brightness of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is displayed as the display brightness and the second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>), The light source brightness of the light source unit is the light source brightness Y<sub>2</sub>The light source brightness is Y for all light source units that have not reached'.<sub>2</sub>'Perform a process that becomes. In other light source units, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max</sub>) Corresponding to the control signal [R, G, B] supplied to the sub-pixel [R, G, B], and the light transmittance (aperture) of the sub-pixel [R, G, B] at this time. Rate) is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt<sub>1</sub>The brightness of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is displayed as the display brightness and the second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>) Light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>2</sub>Is performed so that
That is, in the first embodiment, the light source brightness is Y even in the darkest light source unit in this state.<sub>L</sub>'. The state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 2) in this state is schematically shown in FIG. 1 (C), and the state of the display luminance is shown in FIG. 1 (D).
By the way, as described above, the light transmittance of the liquid crystal cell cannot usually be completely set to "0". Therefore, even if the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each sub-pixel is set to the minimum value, light leakage from the liquid crystal cell occurs. As a result, in the high-luminance emission / display area unit, the input signal corresponding to the control signal to a certain pixel is the maximum input signal in the display area unit, and a large value x<sub>H</sub>On the other hand, the other pixels that make up this high-intensity emission / display area unit have a low value x<sub>L</sub>Assuming that a control signal corresponding to the input signal of is supplied, a low value x is also applied to all the pixels constituting the low-luminance emission / display area unit.<sub>L</sub>Even when it is assumed that a control signal corresponding to the input signal of (see (A) in FIG. 1) is supplied, high-luminance emission is performed as shown in (D) of FIG. Display brightness yy in other pixels that make up the display area unit<sub>L</sub>'And the display brightness y in the pixels that make up the low-brightness emission / display area unit<sub>L</sub>The difference between'and' can be made smaller than that shown in (C) of FIG. Therefore, the black display portion is not observed as floating, a uniform low display luminance state can be obtained, and the quality of the image display can be improved.
On the other hand, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", or when the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", all the light source units 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>In, for example, the following processing is performed. That is, the maximum input signal in the display area unit (value: x)<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>) Corresponding control signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is a sub-pixel [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Assuming that it was supplied to, and the sub-pixels [R, G, B] at this time<sub>(q, p)</sub>Light transmittance (aperture ratio) is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt<sub>1</sub>Sub-pixel [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Brightness is displayed Brightness Second specified value (y)<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>) Light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Light source brightness Y<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>Is performed so that
In the process in [Step-120] described above, more specifically, the light source brightness for each image display frame and each light source unit so as to satisfy the following equation (1). Y<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>Should be controlled. That is, the light source brightness control function g (x)<sub>nol-max</sub>), The brightness of the light source 41 is controlled based on the equation (2), and the brightness of the light source Y is satisfied so as to satisfy the equation (1).<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>Should be controlled. Conceptual diagrams of such control are shown in FIGS. 8A and 8B. However, as will be described later, the correction based on the influence of the other light source unit 42 is applied to the light source brightness Y.<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>Need to be applied to. The light source brightness Y<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>These relationships regarding the control of, that is, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit<sub>U-max</sub>, x'<sub>U-max</sub>, This maximum value x<sub>U-max</sub>, x'<sub>U-max</sub>The value of the control signal corresponding to the input signal having a value equal to, the display luminance when it is assumed that such a control signal is supplied to the pixel (sub-pixel), the second specified value y<sub>2</sub>, Light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each sub-pixel at this time [Light transmittance / second specified value Lt<sub>2</sub>], The light transmittance (aperture ratio) of each sub-pixel is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt<sub>1</sub>Display brightness / second specified value Y<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>The relationship between the brightness control parameters in the light source unit such that the above can be obtained may be obtained in advance and stored in the storage device 72 or the like.
Y<sub>2</sub> Lt<sub>1</sub>= Y<sub>1</sub> Lt<sub>2</sub> (1) g (x<sub>nol-max</sub>) = a<sub>1</sub> (X<sub>nol-max</sub>)<sup>2.2</sup>+ a<sub>0</sub> (2)
Here, an input signal (input signal [R, G, B]) input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 to drive a pixel (or each of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] constituting the pixel). ) Maximum value x<sub>In-max</sub>When x<sub>nol-max</sub> x<sub>U-max</sub>/ x<sub>In-max</sub>And a<sub>1</sub>, a<sub>0</sub>Is a constant a<sub>1</sub>+ a<sub>0</sub>= 1 0 <a<sub>0</sub><1,0 <a<sub>1</sub><1 Can be represented by. For example a<sub>1</sub>= 0.99 a<sub>0</sub>= 0.01 And it is sufficient. Also, the value x of the input signal [R, G, B]<sub>R</sub>, x<sub>G</sub>, x<sub>B</sub>Each of 2<sup>8</sup>Since it takes a step value, x<sub>In-max</sub>The value of is the value corresponding to "255".
By the way, in the case of the backlight, for example, the light source unit 42 of (p, q) = (1,1)<sub>(1,1)</sub>It is necessary to consider the influence from other P × Q light source units 42 when assuming the brightness control of. Since the influence of such a light source unit 42 on the other light source units 42 is known in advance from the light emission profile of each light source unit 42, the difference can be calculated by back calculation, and as a result, correction is possible. The basic form of operation will be described below.
Brightness (light source brightness Y) required for P × Q light source units 42 based on the requirements of equations (1) and (2).<sub>2</sub>', Y<sub>2</sub>) To the matrix [L<sub>PxQ</sub>]. Further, the brightness of a certain light source unit obtained when only a certain light source unit is driven and the other light source units are not driven is obtained in advance for P × Q light source units 42. Matrix [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>]. Furthermore, the correction coefficient is calculated by the matrix [α.<sub>PxQ</sub>]. Then, the relationship between these matrices can be expressed by the following equation (3-1). Matrix of correction coefficients [α<sub>PxQ</sub>] Can be obtained in advance. [L<sub>PxQ</sub>] = [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>] [Α<sub>PxQ</sub>] (3-1) Therefore, from Eq. (3-1), the matrix [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>] Can be obtained. Matrix [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>] Can be obtained from the operation of the inverse matrix. That is, [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>] = [L<sub>PxQ</sub>] [Α<sub>PxQ</sub>]<sup>-1</sup> (3-2) Should be calculated. And the matrix [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>Light source 41 so that the brightness represented by] can be obtained.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Specifically, such operations and processes may be performed using the information (data table) stored in the storage device (memory) 82. Light source 41<sub>(q, p)</sub>In controlling the matrix [L'<sub>PxQ</sub>] Value cannot take a negative value, so it goes without saying that the calculation result must be kept in the positive region. Therefore, the solution of Eq. (3-2) may be an approximate solution rather than an exact solution.
In this way, the matrix [L] obtained based on the values of equations (1) and (2) obtained in the arithmetic circuit 71 constituting the backlight control circuit 70.<sub>PxQ</sub>], Matrix of correction coefficients [α<sub>PxQ</sub>], As described above, the luminance matrix [L'assuming that the light source unit is driven independently.<sub>PxQ</sub>], And further, based on the conversion table stored in the storage device 72, convert it to the corresponding integer in the range of 0 to 255. In this way, in the arithmetic circuit 71 constituting the backlight control circuit 70, the light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Red light emitting diode 41R in<sub>(q, p)</sub>Pulse width modulation output signal value S for controlling the emission time of<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, Green light emitting diode 41G<sub>(q, p)</sub>Pulse width modulation output signal value S for controlling the emission time of<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, Blue light emitting diode 41B<sub>(q, p)</sub>Pulse width modulation output signal value S for controlling the emission time of<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Can be obtained.
[Step-130] Next, the value S of the pulse width modulated output signal obtained in the arithmetic circuit 71 constituting the backlight control circuit 70.<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, S<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, S<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Is the light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Light source unit drive circuit 80 provided corresponding to<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is sent to the storage device 82 and stored in the storage device 82. The clock signal CLK is also the light source unit drive circuit 80.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is sent to (see Figure 5).
Then, the value S of the pulse width modulated output signal<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, S<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, S<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Based on, light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Red light emitting diode 41R that composes<sub>(q, p)</sub>On time t<sub>R-ON</sub>And off time t<sub>R-OFF</sub>, Green light emitting diode 41G<sub>(q, p)</sub>On time t<sub>G-ON</sub>And off time t<sub>G-OFF</sub>, Blue light emitting diode 41B<sub>(q, p)</sub>On time t<sub>B-ON</sub>And off time t<sub>B-OFF</sub>Is determined by the arithmetic circuit 81. still, t<sub>R-ON</sub>+ t<sub>R-OFF</sub>= t<sub>G-ON</sub>+ t<sub>G-OFF</sub>= t<sub>B-ON</sub>+ t<sub>B-OFF</sub>= Constant value t<sub>Const</sub>Is. Moreover, the duty ratio in the drive based on the pulse width modulation of the light emitting diode is t<sub>ON</sub>/ (t<sub>ON</sub>+ t<sub>OFF OFF</sub>) = t<sub>ON</sub>/ t<sub>Const</sub>Can be represented by.
And the light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Red light emitting diode 41R that composes<sub>(q, p)</sub>, Green light emitting diode 41G<sub>(q, p)</sub>, Blue light emitting diode 41B<sub>(q, p)</sub>On time t<sub>R-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>G-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>B-ON-(q, p)</sub>A signal corresponding to is sent to the LED drive circuit 83, and the on-time t is sent from this LED drive circuit 83.<sub>R-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>G-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>B-ON-(q, p)</sub>Switching element 85R based on the value of the signal corresponding to<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 85G<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 85B<sub>(q, p)</sub>But on time t<sub>R-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>G-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>B-ON-(q, p)</sub>Only the LED drive current from the light emitting diode drive power supply 86 is turned on, and each light emitting diode 41R<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 41G<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 41B<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is swept away. As a result, each light emitting diode 41R<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 41G<sub>(q, p)</sub>, 41B<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is the on-time t in one image display frame<sub>R-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>G-ON-(q, p)</sub>, t<sub>B-ON-(q, p)</sub>Only emits light. Thus, the (p, q) th display area unit 12<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is illuminated at a predetermined illuminance.
The states thus obtained are shown by solid lines in (A) and (B) of FIG. 9, and (A) of FIG. 9 shows an input signal input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90 to drive the sub-pixels. The value of to the power of 2.2 (x<sup>2.2</sup>) And duty ratio (= t)<sub>ON</sub>/ t<sub>Const</sub>), And FIG. 9B schematically shows the relationship between the value X of the control signal for controlling the light transmittance Lt of the sub-pixel and the display luminance y. It is a figure.
[Step-140] On the other hand, the input signal [R, G, B] input to the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Value x<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Is sent to the timing controller 91, and in the timing controller 91, the input signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Control signal corresponding to [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>, Sub-pixel [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Supply (output) to. Generated in the timing controller 91 of the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90, and sub-pixels [R, G, B] from the liquid crystal display device drive circuit 90.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Control signal [R, G, B] supplied to<sub>(q, p)</sub>Value X<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, X<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, X<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>And the input signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Value x<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, x<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Is related to the following equations (4-1), equations (4-2), and equations (4-3). However, b<sub>1_R</sub>, b<sub>0_R</sub>, b<sub>1_G</sub>, b<sub>0_G</sub>, b<sub>1_B</sub>, b<sub>0_B</sub>Is a constant. Also, the light source unit 42<sub>(q, p)</sub>Light source brightness Y<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>Is changed for each image display frame, so the control signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Is basically the input signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Light source brightness Y for the value obtained by multiplying the value of<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>It has a value that has been corrected (compensated) based on the change in. That is, in the embodiment, the light source brightness Y for each image display frame.<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>Changes, so the light source brightness Y<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>(Y<sub>1</sub>) Display brightness / second specified value y<sub>2- (q, p)</sub>Control signal [R, G, B]<sub>(q, p)</sub>Value X<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>, X<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>, X<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>Is determined and corrected (compensated) to control the light transmittance (aperture ratio) Lt of the sub-pixel. Here, the function f of Eqs. (4-1), Eq. (4-2), and Eq. (4-3)<sub>R</sub>, f<sub>G</sub>, f<sub>B</sub>Is a pre-obtained function for making such correction (compensation).
X<sub>R- (q, p)</sub>= f<sub>R</sub>(b<sub>1_R</sub> X<sub>R- (q, p)</sub><sup>2.2</sup>+ b<sub>0_R</sub>) (4-1) X<sub>G- (q, p)</sub>= f<sub>G</sub>(b<sub>1_G</sub> X<sub>G- (q, p)</sub><sup>2.2</sup>+ b<sub>0_G</sub>) (4-2) X<sub>B- (q, p)</sub>= f<sub>B</sub>(b<sub>1_B</sub> X<sub>B- (q, p)</sub><sup>2.2</sup>+ b<sub>0_B</sub>) (4-3)
In this way, the image display operation in one image display frame is completed.
The second embodiment relates to the display device and the driving method thereof according to the second aspect of the present invention. In the second embodiment, the ratio of the low-luminance light emitting / display area unit (RT) in the backlight control circuit 70 and the light source unit drive circuit 80 corresponding to the control unit.<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) The above, and when the high-intensity light emitting / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit, the process of increasing the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit is performed. In addition, in Example 2 or Example 3 described later, a predetermined value RT<sub>0</sub>Was determined by investigating the relationship between the spread (area) of the low-luminance part and the phenomenon in which the black display part was observed to float.
Hereinafter, the driving method of the display device according to the second embodiment will be described again with reference to FIGS. 1 and 3.
[Step-200] First, the same steps as in [Step-100] of Example 1 are executed.
[Step-210] Next, the same steps as in [Step-110] of the first embodiment are executed, and all the display area units 12 are executed.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Display area in the unit Maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is stored in the storage device 72.
At the same time, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is the first specified value PD<sub>1</sub>Ratio RT of the following low-brightness emission / display area units to all display area units (P x Q)<sub>1</sub>To ask. And the ratio RT of the low-brightness emission / display area unit<sub>1</sub>Is a given value RT<sub>0</sub>In the above case, the position (p, q) of the low-intensity light emission / display area unit is stored in the storage device 72, and the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is set to the initial value " Change from "0" to "1". Furthermore, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>However, the second specified value PD<sub>2</sub>It is investigated whether or not a high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit having the same value as or exceeding the second specified value exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity light-emitting / display area unit, and such a high-intensity light-emitting / display area If the unit exists, its position (p, q) is stored in the storage device 72, and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is changed from the already reset initial value "0" to "1". To do.
In the second embodiment, the high-brightness light emitting / display area unit is adjacent to the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit in any one of the eight directions of the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit (adjacent). If it matches), it is assumed that the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists in the vicinity of the low-intensity emission / display area unit. Light transmittance in the pixels constituting the display area unit when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1". The state of the input signal for controlling the aperture ratio) and the state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 1) in this state are the same as those shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B.
[Step-220] Next, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1", the light source corresponding to the low-intensity light emission / display area unit. The process of increasing the brightness of the unit is performed. Specifically, the same steps as in [Step-120] of the first embodiment may be executed. The state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 2) and the state of the display luminance in the state thus obtained are the same as those shown in FIGS. 1 (C) and 1 (D).
On the other hand, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", or when the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", [Step- You can perform the same steps as in 120].
[Step-230] Further, by executing the same steps as in [Step-130] and [Step-140] of the first embodiment, the image display operation in one image display frame is completed.
Example 3 relates to a display device and a driving method thereof according to a third aspect of the present invention. In the third embodiment, in the backlight control circuit 70 and the light source unit drive circuit 80 corresponding to the control unit, a plurality of continuous low-luminance light emitting / display areas (in the third embodiment, R = 2). Check whether there is a high-brightness light emission / display area unit adjacent to the unit, and if so, the light source unit corresponding to the high-brightness light emission / low-brightness light emission / display area unit closer to the display area unit has higher brightness. Perform the process of increasing. Furthermore, the control unit controls the ratio of the low-brightness emission / display area unit to all display area units (RT).<sub>1</sub>), And the ratio of low-brightness emission / display area units (RT)<sub>1</sub>) Is the specified value (RT<sub>0</sub>) Above, and when there are multiple continuous low-brightness light emission / display area units adjacent to the high-brightness light emission / display area unit, high-brightness light emission / low-brightness light emission / display close to the display area unit The light source unit corresponding to the area unit is processed to increase the brightness.
Hereinafter, the driving method of the display device in the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 2 and 3.
[Step-300] First, the same steps as in [Step-100] of Example 1 are executed.
[Step-310] Next, the same steps as in [Step-110] of the first embodiment are executed, and all the display area units 12 are executed.<sub>(q, p)</sub>Display area in the unit Maximum input signal value x<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is stored in the storage device 72.
At the same time, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>Is the first specified value PD<sub>1</sub>Ratio RT of the following low-brightness emission / display area units to all display area units (P x Q)<sub>1</sub>To ask. And the ratio RT of the low-brightness emission / display area unit<sub>1</sub>Is a given value RT<sub>0</sub>In the above case, the position (p, q) of the low-intensity light emission / display area unit is stored in the storage device 72, and the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is set to the initial value " Change from "0" to "1". Furthermore, in the arithmetic circuit 71, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max (q, p)</sub>However, the second specified value PD<sub>2</sub>It is investigated whether or not a high-intensity light-emitting / display area unit having the same value as the above value or a value exceeding the second specified value exists adjacent to a plurality of continuous low-intensity light-emitting / display area units. If a high-intensity emission / display area unit exists, its position (p, q) is stored in the storage device 72, and the high-intensity emission / display area unit / existence flag is set to the initial value "0" that has already been reset. Change from to "1".
Also in the third embodiment, the high-brightness light emitting / display area unit is adjacent to one end of the continuous low-brightness light emitting / display area unit in any one of the eight directions of the low-brightness light emitting / display area unit. It is assumed that the high-intensity emission / display area unit exists adjacent to the low-intensity emission / display area unit when they are (adjacent to each other). Light transmittance in the pixels constituting the display area unit when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1". The state of the input signal for controlling the aperture ratio) and the state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 1) in this state are shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B.
[Step-320] Next, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1" and the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "1", the light source corresponding to the low-intensity light emission / display area unit. The process of increasing the brightness of the unit is performed. Specifically, the following process is performed. That is, in the third embodiment, since R = 2, two consecutive low-intensity light emission / display area units based on the position of the high-intensity light emission / display area unit [first low-intensity light emission -In the display area unit and the second low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit], the light source unit corresponding to the r-th (however, r = 1,2) low-brightness light-emitting / display area unit , Display area In unit / maximum input signal (value: x <sub>U-max</sub>It is assumed that the control signal [R, G, B] corresponding to (r)) is supplied to the sub-pixel [R, G, B], and the light transmission of the sub-pixel [R, G, B] at this time. The rate (aperture ratio) is the light transmittance / first specified value Lt<sub>1</sub>The brightness of the sub-pixels [R, G, B] is displayed as the display brightness and the second specified value (y).<sub>2</sub>) Light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>2</sub>(r) is performed. Here, the value x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>(r) is x <sub>U-max</sub>(r) = β<sub>1</sub><sup>r</sup> X<sub>MAX</sub> (However, 0 <β<sub>1</sub><1) Or x <sub>U-max</sub>(r) = (1-β<sub>2</sub> R) x<sub>MAX</sub> (However, 0 <β<sub>2</sub><1) You just have to be satisfied. The state of the light source luminance (light source luminance 2) in this state is schematically shown in FIG. 2 (C), and the state of the display luminance is shown in FIG. 2 (D). x <sub>U-max</sub>Set the light source brightness of the light source unit corresponding to (r) to Y<sub>L</sub>(r) indicates the display brightness as y<sub>L</sub>(r) , and the display brightness of the other pixels that make up the high-brightness emission / display area unit is yy.<sub>L</sub>Is shown by.
On the other hand, when the low-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", or when the high-intensity light emission / display area unit / existence flag is "0", [Step- You can perform the same steps as in 120].
[Step-330] Further, by executing the same steps as in [Step-130] and [Step-140] of the first embodiment, the image display operation in one image display frame is completed.
Although the present invention has been described above based on preferred examples, the present invention is not limited to these examples. The configurations and structures of the transmissive color liquid crystal display device, the backlight, the light source unit, the display device, and the control unit described in the examples are examples, and the members and materials constituting these are also examples, and are appropriately changed. can do. By monitoring the temperature of the light emitting diode with a temperature sensor and feeding back the result to the light source unit drive circuit 80, the brightness compensation (correction) and temperature control of the light source unit 42 may be performed. In the embodiment, it is assumed that the display area of the liquid crystal display device is divided into P × Q virtual display area units, but in some cases, the transmissive liquid crystal display device is P × Q. It may have a structure divided into actual display area units.
Further, in the present embodiment, the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit is set in the vicinity of the low-luminance light emission / display area unit in which the value of the maximum input signal is equal to or less than the first specified value. , When there is a high-intensity emission / display area unit that is a value equal to or greater than the first specified value and is a second specified value, processing is performed to increase the brightness of the light source unit corresponding to the low-intensity emission / display area unit. The case has been described, but in addition to the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit, it corresponds to the low-brightness light source / display area unit based on the average brightness level and brightness distribution (dialog) information of the input signal in the display area unit. The brightness of the light source unit may be controlled. For example, from the brightness distribution (dialog) information of the input signal in the display area unit, it is possible to detect an image that is easily visible as if the black display part is partially floating, such as uneven distribution of high-brightness images, and the brightness of the light source unit. Is conceivable to control. Further, the brightness of the light source unit may be controlled from the value of the maximum input signal in the display area unit and the average brightness level.
<figref num="1">(A), (B), (C) and (D) of FIG. 1 are light in the pixels constituting the display area unit for explaining the driving method of the display device in the first or second embodiment, respectively. It is a figure which showed typically the state of the transmittance (aperture ratio), the state of the light source brightness, and the state of display brightness.</figref><figref num="2">(A), (B), (C) and (D) of FIG. 2 show the light transmittance (aperture ratio) in the pixels constituting the display area unit for explaining the driving method of the display device in the third embodiment, respectively. It is a figure which shows typically the state of rate), the state of the light source brightness, and the state of display brightness.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 is a flow chart for explaining a driving method of the display device according to the first embodiment.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 is a conceptual diagram of a display device including a color liquid crystal display device and a backlight suitable for use in the embodiment.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 is a conceptual diagram of a part of a drive circuit suitable for use in the embodiment.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 6A is a diagram schematically showing the arrangement and arrangement state of light emitting diodes and the like in the backlight of the embodiment, and FIG. 6B is a diagram from the color liquid crystal display device and the backlight of the embodiment. It is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the display device.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 7 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view of the color liquid crystal display device.</figref><figref num="8">Figures 8 (A) and (B) show the values x of the maximum input signal in the display area unit.<sub>U-max</sub>Display brightness when it is assumed that a control signal corresponding to an input signal having a value equal to is supplied to the pixel Second specified value y<sub>2</sub>Is obtained by the light source unit, so that the light source brightness Y of the light source unit<sub>2</sub>Is a conceptual diagram for explaining a state of increasing / decreasing under the control of a driving unit.</figref><figref num="9">(A) in FIG. 9 is the value obtained by raising the value of the input signal input to the liquid crystal display drive circuit to drive the sub-pixel to the power of 2.2 (x).<sup>2.2</sup>) And duty ratio (= t)<sub>ON</sub>/ t<sub>Const</sub>), And FIG. 9B is a diagram schematically showing the relationship between the value X of the control signal for controlling the light transmittance of the sub-pixel and the display luminance y. Is.</figref><figref num="10">(A) and (B) of FIG. 10 are conceptual diagrams for explaining the relationship between the light source brightness of the backlight, the light transmittance (aperture ratio) of the pixels, and the display brightness in the display area unit.</figref><figref num="11">(A), (B) and (C) of FIG. 11 show the state of the light transmittance (aperture ratio) and the brightness of the light source in the pixels constituting the display area unit for explaining the problems in the prior art, respectively. It is a figure which shows typically the state of, and the state of display brightness.</figref>
Code description
10 ... color liquid crystal display device, 11 ... display area, 12 ... display area unit, 13 ... liquid crystal material, 20 ... front panel, 21 ... first board, 22 ... Color filter, 23 Overcoat layer, 24 Transparent 1st electrode, 25 Alignment film, 26 Polarizing film, 30 Rear panel, 31 2nd Substrate, 32 ... switching element, 34 ... transparent second electrode, 35 ... alignment film, 36 ... polarizing film, 37 ... insulating layer, 40 ... backlight, 41,41R , 41G, 41B Light emitting diode (light source), 42 Light source unit, 43,43R, 43G, 43B Photodiode (optical sensor), 44 Partition, 51 Housing, 52A Bottom of the case, 52B Side of the case, 53 Outer frame, 54 Inner frame, 55A, 55B Spacer, 56 Guide member, 57 Bracket member, 61 Diffusing plate, 62 Diffusing sheet, 63 Prism sheet, 64 Polarization conversion sheet, 65 Reflecting sheet, 70 Backlight control circuit (control) Part), 71 ... arithmetic circuit, 72 ... storage device (memory), 80 ... light source unit drive circuit (control unit), 81 ... arithmetic circuit, 82 ... storage device (memory), 83 LED drive circuit, 84 Photodiode control circuit, 85R, 85G, 85B Switching element, 86 Light emitting diode drive power supply, 90 Liquid crystal display drive circuit, 91 Timing controller
12 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12
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Numbers
- Publication
- 5176397
- Publication, DOCDB
- 5176397
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP5176397B
- Application
- 142880
- Application, DOCDB
- 2007142880
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20070142880
Titles2
- Japanese
- 表示装置及びその駆動方法
- English
- Display device and its driving method
Classification
- CPC, 2
- G02F1/133603
- G02F1/133609
- IPC, 4
- G09G3 36
- G02F1 133
- G09G3 34
- G09G3 20
