Duty cycling power scheme
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Term
Projected expiry 26 April 2027.
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80 claims: 71 independent, 9 dependent
- 1パルスを提供する方法であって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送することと、 ここにおいて、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものであり、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記パルスの前記伝送に関連した装置の電力消費を低減する ことと、 を備える方法。
- 2前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 3前記パルス間時間期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 4前記可変符号化レートは、 他のデバイスに転送するための前記データに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 1 に記載の方法。
- 5前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 1 に記載の方法。
- 6前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 送信器の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記伝送間に不能にすることを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 7前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 送信器の回路を前記パルスの前記伝送間にオフすることを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 8前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 送信器の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記伝送間に低減することを備える、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 9前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の程度の時間期間を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 10前記パルスのそれぞれは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 11前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の程度の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上の程度の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の程度の帯域幅を有する、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 12少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは 、他のデバイスに送信するための データの単一ビットを表し、かつ パルスの前記セットは非コヒーレント受信器に伝送される、請求項1に記載の方法。
- 13パルスを提供するための装置であって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送するように構成された送信器と、 ここにおいて、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものであり、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記送信器の電力消費を低減する ように構成された状態コントローラと、 を備える装置。
- 14前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 15前記パルス間時間の持続期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 16前記可変符号化レートは、 他のデバイスに転送するための前記データに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 17前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 18前記 状態コントローラ は、前記送信器の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記伝送間に不能にすること によって、前記送信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 19前記 状態コントローラ は、前記送信器の回路を前記パルスの前記伝送間にオフすること によって、前記送信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 20前記 状態コントローラ は、前記送信器の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記伝送間に低減すること によって、前記送信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 21前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の時間期間を有する、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 22各前記パルスは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 23前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有する、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 24少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは、 他のデバイスに送信するための前記データに関連した データの単一ビットを表し、かつ 前記送信器は、非コヒーレント受信器にパルスの前記セットを伝送する、請求項 13 に記載の装置。
- 25パルスを提供するための装置であって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送するための手段 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものである、手段 と、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記伝送するための手段の電力消費を低減する ための手段と、 を備える装置。
- 26前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 27前記パルス間時間期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 28前記可変符号化レートは、 他のデバイスに転送するための前記データに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 29前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 30前記 電力を低減するための手段は、 前記伝送するための手段の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記伝送間に不能にする 手段 を備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 31前記 電力を低減するための手段 は、前記伝送するための手段の回路を前記パルスの前記伝送間にオフする 手段 を備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 32前記 電力を低減するための手段 は、前記伝送するための手段の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記伝送間に低減する 手段 を備える、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 33前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の時間期間を有する請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 34前記パルスのそれぞれは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 35前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有する、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 36少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは、 他のデバイスに転送するための前記データに関連した前記 データの単一ビットを表し、かつ 前記伝送するための手段は、非コヒーレント受信器にパルスの前記セットを伝送する、請求項 25 に記載の装置。
- 37コードを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 であって、少なくとも1つのコンピュータに、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送させ、 ここにおいて、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものであり、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記パルスの前記伝送に関連した装置の電力消費を低減させる、 コードを 記録した コンピュータ 読み取り可能な記録 媒体。
- 38無線通信のためのヘッドセットであって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送するように構成された送信器 であって 、 前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、送信器と、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記送信器の電力消費を低減 するように構成された状態コントローラと、 受信器によって受信されたパルスに基づき可聴出力を提供するように構成された変換器と、 を備えるヘッドセット。
- 39無線通信のためのウオッチであって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 符号化された情報を生成するように構成された符号器と、 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送するように構成された送信器 であって 、 前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、送信器と、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記送信器の電力消費を低減 するように構成された状態コントローラと、 受信器によって受信されたパルスに基づき可視出力を提供するように構成されたディスプレイと、 を備えるウオッチ。
- 40無線通信のための医療デバイスであって、 他のデバイスに伝送するためのデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを伝送するように構成された送信器 であって 、 前記パルス間時間期間は、前記他のデバイスに伝送するための前記データに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、送信器と、 前記パルスの伝送間で 前記送信器の電力消費を低減する ように構成された状態コントローラと、 前記送信器によって伝送されるべき検知されたデータを生成するように構成されたセンサと、 を備える医療デバイス。
- 41パルスを処理する方法であって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信することと、 ここにおいて、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものであり、 前記パルスの受信間で 前記パルスの前記受信に関連した装置の電力を低減する ことと、 を備える方法。
- 42前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 43前記パルス間時間期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 44前記可変符号化レートは、 前記受信されたデータに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 45前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 46前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 受信器の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記受信間に不能にすることを備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 47前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 受信器の回路を前記パルスの前記受信間にオフすることを備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 48前記 装置の前記電力消費を前記低減すること は、 前記装置の 受信器の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記受信間に低減することを備える、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 49前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の時間期間を有する、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 50前記パルスのそれぞれは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 51前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有する、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 52少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは、 前記受信された データの単一ビットを表し、かつ 非コヒーレント受信器は、パルスの前記セットを受信する、請求項 41 に記載の方法。
- 53パルスを処理するための装置であって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信するように構成された受信器 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、受信器 と、 前記パルスの 受信 間で 前記受信器の電力消費を低減する ように構成された状態コントローラと、 を備える装置。
- 54前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 55前記パルス間時間期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 56前記可変符号化レートは、 前記受信されたデータに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 57前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 58前記 状態コントローラ は、前記受信器の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記受信間に不能にすること によって、前記受信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 59前記 状態コントローラ は、前記受信器の回路を前記パルスの前記伝送間にオフすること によって、前記受信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 60前記 状態コントローラ は、前記受信器の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記受信間に低減すること によって、前記受信器の前記電力消費を低減するように構成される 、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 61前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の時間期間を有する、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 62前記パルスのそれぞれは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 63前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有する、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 64少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは、 前記受信された データの単一ビットを表し、かつ 前記受信器は、パルスの前記セットを受信するように構成された非コヒーレント受信器を備える、請求項 53 に記載の装置。
- 65パルスを処理するための装置であって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信するための手段 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、手段 と、 前記パルスの受信間で 前記受信するための手段の電力消費を低減 するための手段と、 を備える装置。
- 66前記可変パルス間時間期間は、可変パルス繰り返し期間を備える、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 67前記パルス間時間期間は、時間ホッピングシーケンスに従って変更される、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 68前記可変符号化レートは、 前記受信されたデータに関連した 可変ソース符号化レートを備える、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 69前記可変符号化レートは、可変チャネル符号化レートを備える、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 70前記 消費電力を低減するための手段 は、前記受信するための手段の回路の少なくとも一部を前記パルスの前記受信間に不能にする 手段 を備える、請求項65に記載の装置。
- 71前記 消費電力を低減するための手段 は、前記受信するための手段の回路を前記パルスの前記伝送間にオフする 手段 を備える、請求項65に記載の装置。
- 72前記 消費電力を低減するための手段 は、前記受信するための手段の回路によって使用されるクロック信号のクロックレートを前記パルスの前記受信間に低減する 手段 を備える、請求項65に記載の装置。
- 73前記パルスのそれぞれは、20ナノ秒以下の時間持続期間を有する、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 74前記パルスのそれぞれは、ほぼ6ギガヘルツから10ギガヘルツの範囲内の周波数帯域を有する、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 75前記パルスのそれぞれは、20%以上の比帯域幅を有し、500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有し、または20%以上度の比帯域幅で、かつ500メガヘルツ以上の帯域幅を有する、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 76少なくとも2つの前記パルスのセットは、 前記受信された データの単一ビットを表し、かつ 前記受信するための手段は、パルスの前記セットを非コヒーレントに受信する、請求項 65 に記載の装置。
- 77コードを記録したコンピュータ読み取り可能な記録媒体 であって、少なくとも1つのコンピュータに、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信させ、 ここにおいて、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化するものであり、および 前記パルスの受信間で 前記パルスの前記受信に関連した装置の電力消費を低減させる 、 コードを 記録する コンピュータ 読み取り可能な記録 媒体。
- 78無線通信のためのヘッドセットであって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信するように構成された受信器 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、受信器と、 前記パルスの受信間で 前記受信器の電力消費を低減 するように構成された状態コントローラと、 受信されたパルスの少なくとも一部に基づき可聴出力を提供するように構成された変換器と、 を備えるヘッドセット。
- 79無線通信のためのウオッチであって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信するように構成された受信器 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、受信器と、 前記パルスの受信間で 前記受信器の電力消費を低減 するように構成された状態コントローラと、 受信されたパルスの少なくとも一部に基づき可視出力を提供するように構成されたディスプレイと、 を備えるウオッチ。
- 80無線通信のための医療デバイスであって、 受信されたデータに基づいて 可変パルス間時間期間に応じてパルスを受信するように構成された受信器 であって、前記パルス間時間期間は、前記受信されたデータに関連した可変符号化レートに応じて変化する、受信器 と、 前記パルスの受信間で 前記受信器の電力消費を低減 するように構成された状態コントローラと、 送信器による伝送のための検知されたデータを生成するように構成されたセンサと、 を備える医療デバイス。
Independent claims80
151 paragraphs, as filed
Claiming priority under 35 USC 119
This application is a commonly owned US Provisional Patent Application No. 60/795435 filed on April 26, 2006 (Agent Dockett No. 061202P1) and a US Provisional Patent filed on April 28, 2006. Claim the priority of Patent Application No. 60/799571 (Agent Dockett No. 061202P2), the disclosure of each provisional patent application is incorporated herein by reference.
The present application generally relates to wireless communications in various aspects such as inter-pulse duty cycling, power schemes, subpacket communications, and wireless devices and multiple peripherals. Regarding wireless communication with peripheral).
Wireless communication systems are designed to support a variety of end users. Here, one or more trade-offs are made with respect to coverage area, communication bandwidth, data transfer rate, connectivity, power consumption, and other system parameters. For example, cellular telephone networks are optimized to provide wireless coverage over a very large area and provide connectivity. In contrast, wireless local area networks, such as Wi-Fi networks, are optimized to provide high-speed connectivity at the expense of wireless coverage area size and perhaps connectivity. On the other hand, wireless body area networks or wireless personal areas are optimized to provide the low power consumption achieved through the use of even smaller wireless coverage areas.
As an example of the latter form of network, wireless personal area networks are used to provide connectivity for devices in homes or small offices, or to provide connectivity for devices carried by individuals. In a typical scenario, a wireless personal area network provides device connectivity within a range of about 30 meters. In some applications, one or more devices that make up a wireless personal area network are mobile devices. For example, a cell phone can communicate with a headset via a wireless personal area network such as Bluetooth®.
In general, it is desirable to reduce the power consumption of such portable devices. For example, a device that consumes less power can utilize a smaller battery or can be recharged or replaced less frequently. In the former scenario, the device is potentially manufactured with a smaller form factor and at a lower cost. In the latter case, the device can be more convenient for the user's use or offer the owner a lower overall cost.
Some personal area networks, such as Bluetooth (eg, IEEE 802.15.1) and Zigbee (eg, based on IEEE 802.15.4), utilize power-down strategies to reduce the overall power consumption of the device. For example, after a device transmits or receives a packet, the device powers down a predetermined portion of the device (eg, wireless) for a predetermined period of time. Here, on the transmission side, the device remains in a low power state until there are other packets to send. Conversely, on the receiving side, the device wakes up from a low power state at regular intervals to determine if another device attempts to transmit data.
Low Pawade even in certain body area network applications it is desirable to use the device. In a typical configuration, a body area network is a connection between devices worn or transported by an individual, or incorporated or placed within a vehicle, room, or some other relatively smaller area. Provide sex. Therefore, body area networks provide a radio coverage area of as much as 10 meters in some implementations. In some applications, the device that builds the body area network is a portable device, or preferably a relatively low maintenance device. As a result, devices that consume relatively small amounts of power are favorably used in these and other types of applications.
Outline of the invention
The outline of the sample embodiment of the present disclosure is described below. It should be understood that any reference to aspects herein refers to one or more aspects of the disclosure.
The present disclosure relates to low power radio communication techniques for devices communicating over a radio body area network, a radio personal area network, or some other type of radio network link in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the communication comprises ultra-wideband communication. For example, signaling propagating over a network or link has a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more.
The present disclosure relates to impulse-based communication in some embodiments. In some practices, the corresponding signaling pulse comprises an ultra-wideband pulse. For example, in some practices, the duration of each transmitted pulse is on the order of 1 nanosecond or less. In some practices, pulses are also generated with a relatively low duty cycle. That is, the pulse repetition period is relatively long relative to the duration of the pulse.
The present disclosure relates to inter-pulse duty cycling in some embodiments. Here, duty cycling refers to reducing the power consumed by a device in several ways between pulse transmissions, pulse receptions, or both (eg, between continuous transmissions and reception pulses). In some practices, power consumption disables (eg, power) one or more radio circuits of the device (eg, some of the components, all of the components, some of the components). It is reduced by turning it off). In some practices, power consumption is reduced by reducing the frequency of the clock signal for one or more radio circuits of the device.
In some embodiments, the pulses are generated according to variable inter-pulse time durations. For example, the pulse repetition period is varied so that different sets of pulses are separated by different durations. In some practices, the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a time hopping sequence.
In some embodiments, the pulse repetition period dynamically depends on the data coding. For example, the pulse repetition rate associated with a channel is adjusted to accommodate any change in the data rate of the data output by a variable rate encoder (eg, a source encoder or channel encoder). As a result, the power-on time for inter-pulse duty cycling depends on the coding scheme. For example, a reduction in the data rate of data from a encoder allows the use of lower duty cycles for transmitted pulses.
The present disclosure relates to charging and discharging capacitive elements according to inter-pulse duty cycling in some embodiments. For example, the capacitive element is charged when the pulse is not transmitted or received and then discharged to power the device when the pulse is transmitted or received. Thus, the peak current consumption from the device battery during the power-on time of inter-pulse duty cycling is better balanced with the average current drawn from the device battery.
The present disclosure relates to the simultaneous transmission and reception of subpacket data in a common frequency band in some embodiments. For example, after transmission of one or more pulses comprising at least a portion of a packet, one or more pulses associated with a portion of the other packet are received over the same frequency band. This reception of the pulse is followed by the transmission of one or more pulses comprising at least a portion of the packet over the same frequency band.
The present disclosure relates to communication between a wireless device (eg, a cellphone) and two or more peripherals (eg, a headset) in some embodiments. In some embodiments, the wireless device multicasts to two or more peripherals over one or more wireless communication links. In some embodiments, the peripheral device multicasts to two or more devices (eg, wireless devices and other peripheral devices) over one or more wireless communication links. In some embodiments, this multicasting involves simultaneous transmission and reception of multicast-related subpacket traffic over a common frequency band.
These and other features, aspects and advantages of the present disclosure will be more fully understood when considered with respect to the following detailed description, the accompanying claims and the accompanying drawings.
According to conventional practice, the various features shown in the drawings may not be drawn to the same scale. Therefore, the dimensions of the various features can be optionally scaled up or down for clarity. In addition, some drawings can be simplified for clarity. As such, drawings do not depict all elements of a given device (eg, device) or method. Finally, similar reference numerals are used to indicate similar features throughout the specification and drawings.
Detailed explanation
Various aspects of the disclosure are described below. The teachings herein can be embodied in a wide range of forms, and it is clear that any particular structure, function, or both disclosed herein is merely representative. .. Based on the teachings herein, one of ordinary skill in the art can practice the embodiments disclosed herein independently of any other embodiment, and two or more of these embodiments may be in various ways. You will understand that they can be combined in. For example, the device can be implemented or the method can be implemented using any number of aspects set forth herein. In addition, such devices are implemented, or using any other structure, functionality or structure and functionality other than one or more aspects set forth herein. Such methods can be implemented. For example, in some embodiments, the method of providing a pulse is to generate encoded information, to transmit the pulse based on the encoded information, and to duty cycle between the transmissions of the pulse. And. Further, in some embodiments, the method of providing a pulse also comprises matching the transmission timing of the pulse based on variable rate coding.
FIG. 1 shows several wireless communication devices 102, 104, 106, and 108 configured to communicate with each other over one or more wireless communication links (eg, communication links 110, 112, and 114). The sample aspect of the system 100 including is shown. Each device 102, 104, 106 and 108 respectively has one or more signal processors 116, 118, 120 and 122, and RF radio components 124, 126, 128 and 130 to establish wireless communication with other devices. Includes (eg, wireless transceivers).
In some practices, devices 102, 104, 106 and 108 form at least part of a wireless body area network or personal area network. For example, device 102 comprises a wireless station such as a cell phone, personal digital assistant, or personal entertainment device (eg, music or video player). In some embodiments, devices 104, 106 and 108 include peripheral devices for device 102. For example, device 104 comprises a headset that includes one or more input devices 132 (eg, microphones) and one or more output devices 134 (eg, speakers). The device 106 comprises a medical device that includes one or more input devices 136 (eg, a sensor such as a heart rate sensor). Device 108 comprises a watch that includes one or more output devices 138 (eg, a display). It will be appreciated that devices 102, 104, 106 and 108 may include other types of devices in other embodiments and communicate over other types of wireless communication links (eg, networks). Let's go.
Devices 102, 104, 106 and 108 in some cases transmit different types of data to each other to other devices (not shown in FIG. 1). For example, device 104 generates or transfers data (eg, multimedia information or messages) that should be output by device 104 or device 108. Similarly, device 106 produces data (eg, heart rate information) that should be output by any one device 102, 104 and 108. Here, multimedia information includes, for example, acoustic, video, image, data or some combination of two or more of these types of information.
Device 102 communicates with other devices via one or more other communication links (not shown). For example, device 102 may establish communication with a wired or wireless access point (eg, a base station) that is associated with or provides connectivity to other networks (eg, cellular networks, the Internet, etc.). Includes adapted local area or wide area communication processor 140. Thus, the data generated by any device 102, 104 or 106 is transmitted to some other device (eg, a telephone or computer attached to another network). Similarly, other devices provide data to be output by any device 102, 104 or 108.
As discussed in more detail below, the signal processors 116, 118 and 120, respectively, have appropriate source coding to process data that should be transmitted to or received from other devices. Provides related functionality 142, 144 and 146. For example, such source coding includes variable rate coding, waveform coding, pulse code modulation coding, signal delta modulation coding, or some type of coding.
In some practices, devices 102, 104, 106 and 108 communicate via an impulse-based physical layer. In some embodiments, the physical layer utilizes ultra-wideband pulses with a relatively short length (eg, a few nanoseconds or less) and a relatively wide bandwidth. For example, an ultra-wideband pulse has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more, a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or both.
FIG. 2 shows, for example, a simplified example of some pulse waveforms generated based on the information from the encoder of FIG. Waveform 202 shows a series of pulses 204 to be transmitted. Waveform 206 shows pulse 208 corresponding to pulse 204, which they appear after passing through the bandpass filter and before transmission. Waveform 210 shows pulse 212 corresponding to pulse 208, which they appear on the receiver after transmission through the communication medium. Here, the pulse 212 becomes relatively wide due to the multipath delay spread that appears as the pulse 208 passes through the communication medium to the receiver.
The pulse 204 is modulated based on the encoded data to be transmitted to other devices. Modulation of pulse 204 can take various forms, including, for example, pulse modulation and pulse position modulation. Moreover, in some practices, the pulses are transmitted in a transmission reference format (not shown).
In some embodiments, impulse-based ultra-wideband signaling can be used with very low spectral efficiency to provide ultra-low power communication. In particular, in the modulation mode of FIG. 2, the impulses are separated by a relatively long period of time. For example, the duration 214 of each pulse 204 is less than 1 nanosecond (eg, 100 picoseconds), while the pulse repetition interval 216 is on the order of 100 nanoseconds to 10 microseconds. In such cases, the corresponding transmitter and receiver circuits (eg, radio front end) are powered on only when they are needed to transmit or receive pulses, and the rest. During this time, duty cycling is performed so that it is powered off.
As an example, a data rate of around 10 Mbits per second is supported using a bandwidth of 1.5 GHz by transmitting or receiving pulses every 100 nanoseconds. In an embodiment where the duration of each pulse 208 is on the order of 1 nanosecond, the corresponding transmitter is powered on in less than 1 percent of the time. That is, the transmitter is powered on during the time period 218 and powered off during the time period represented by line 220.
Further, in embodiments where the duration 222 of each received pulse 212 is on the order of 10 to 20 nanoseconds, the corresponding receiver is turned on for less than 10 percent of the time. Here, the receiver is powered on during the time period 222 and turned off during the time period indicated by line 224.
The use of inter-pulse duty cycling, as shown in Figure 2, causes circuits associated with transmitters and receivers that consume a relatively large amount of power to be powered on only when the device actually transmits or receives. Therefore, a reduction in power consumption can be achieved. In contrast, traditional approaches such as Bluetooth and Zigbee rely on microscopic duty cycling at the packet level in an attempt to achieve relatively low average power consumption. That is, in these approaches, the transmitter and receiver circuits are powered on during the transmission or reception of the entire packet, thereby providing considerable power compared to the interpulse duty cycling techniques taught herein. Consume.
The use of low-duty cycle impulse-based signaling and inter-pulse duty cycling can be advantageously used along with a variety of other features. For example, in some embodiments, the inter-pulse time period can vary over time. For example, some practices can use time hopping of the pulse so that the transmission time of the pulse has multiple access and ergodic processing. Dithered to facilitate gain). In some embodiments, the pulse repetition rate of the impulse-based signal is adjusted according to the current data rate of the data provided by the variable rate encoder. In some embodiments, the peak current consumption of the device during the power-on time of inter-pulse duty cycling is better coordinated with the average current draw of the device. Here, the capacitive element is charged during the power-off time of inter-pulse duty cycling and discharged during the power-on time to provide power to transmit and receive the pulse. In some embodiments, impulse-based signaling is used to provide effective simultaneous transmission and reception of subpacket data over a common frequency band. In some embodiments, the wireless device can be wirelessly multicast with several peripherals. As taught herein, these and other aspects and potential benefits of impulse-based signaling are described in more detail below in relation to FIGS. 3-FIG. 15.
FIG. 3 shows, for example, a simplified embodiment of device 300 capable of performing at least some of the functionality of one or more wireless devices of FIG. The device 300 includes a transceiver 302 (eg, similar to the radio device of FIG. 1) for generating an impulse-based signal to transmit and process the received impulse-based signal. The device also includes one or more processors 304 and 306 (eg, similar to the signal processor of FIG. 1) for processing data to be transmitted or for processing received data. In addition, device 300 includes one or more input devices 308 and output devices 310 similar to the corresponding devices of FIG. As discussed in more detail below, device 300 also includes a state controller 312 to facilitate inter-pulse duty cycling and a charging circuit to provide power for the transmission and reception of pulses. 314, one or more pulse timing controllers 316 for controlling the relative timing of pulses (eg, pulse-to-pulse time period), and pulse-to-pulse time according to a coding scheme (eg, source coding scheme or channel coding scheme). Includes a coding conforming controller 318 for matching periods (eg, pulse repetition rate).
The sample operation of device 300 is discussed in more detail below in connection with the flowcharts of FIGS. 4-FIG. 8, FIG. 10 and FIG. For convenience, the actions in these drawings (or any other actions discussed or taught herein) are described as being performed by a particular component. However, it will be appreciated that these operations can be performed by other types of components and can be performed using a different number of components. It will also be appreciated that one or more of the actions described herein are not used in a given practice.
4 and 5 show some sample operations performed in connection with the transmission and reception of impulse-based signals, respectively. Blocks 402 and 502 relate to, for example, the operations performed to establish a communication channel between the transmitter and the receiver. Therefore, these actions are part of an association procedure or some other procedure.
The operations of blocks 402 and 502 include selecting various communication parameters related to transceiver operations (eg, performed by processors 304 and 306) that facilitate the transmission and reception of signals over the channel. Such operations include, for example, source coding, MAC packetizing and formatting, channel coding, interleaving, and scrambling on the transmission side. Complementary operations such as descrambling, deinterleaving, channel decoding, removing MAC framing, and source decoding are performed on the receiving side.
The operation of blocks 402 and 502 involves selecting parameters related to pulse generation. For example, a particular pulse repetition rate is selected for the channel. In addition, in some practices, a set of time slots is defined for time hopping the pulse. In this case, blocks 402 and 502 include selecting a time hopping sequence that defines a particular time slot within which each successive pulse appears. For example, in some practices, a random or pseudo-random sequence is generated and provided on transceiver 302.
Then referring to the transmission operation of FIG. 4, one or more processors 304 and 306 transmit after the input device 308 or some other component of device 300 provides the information (data) to be transmitted. Process information for (block 404). In the embodiment of FIG. 3, the encoder 320 source-codes the information from the device 308. In some practices, source coding involves converting analog waveforms to digital waveforms to facilitate the transmission of information over channels. And the source coding includes, for example, waveform coding, pulse code modulation coding, or sigma delta modulation coding. In some implementations, the source encoder 320 comprises a lossless / lossy encoder.
Processor 306 performs other transmission-related operations, such as those discussed above in relation to block 402. In some implementations, as represented by block 406, device 300 includes a channel encoder 322 that implements a channel coding scheme, whereby multiple pulses represent each bit of information to be transmitted. Used for. Examples of encoding schemes are described in more detail below in connection with FIG.
The encoded information is then fed to the transmitter 324, which generates and transmits the modulated pulse. As represented by block 408, the pulse generator 326 generates a pulse based on (eg, modulated by) the encoded information. Here, some practices use non-coherent modulation techniques such as pulse position modulation or on / off keying. In contrast, some practices use coherent modulation approaches, such as transmitted reference techniques. Such modulation techniques facilitate transmission using an impulse generator followed by an active bandpass filter. In this case, the transmitter is turned on only during the active duration of the pulse. As discussed herein, such pulses have a duration of no more than a few nanoseconds or less than a nanosecond.
The actual position of each generated pulse in time depends on the selected pulse repetition rate, time hopping sequence, or some other one or more parameters (block 410). In some embodiments, the pulses are generated according to the time duration between the variable pulses. For example, the time duration between variable pulses depends on variable pulse repetition period, time hopping, or variable coding. Therefore, the pulse generator 326 generates a pulse based on the control signals received from the pulse repetition rate controller 334 and the time hopping sequence controller 342. In some practices, the pulse repetition rate is dynamically adapted based on source or channel coding, as discussed below in connection with FIG. The pulse generated by the pulse generator 324 is fed to the power amplifier 328 and the bandpass filter 330 and then transmitted via the antenna 332.
Referring to FIG. 6, in some embodiments, the encoder 320, the encoder 322, or both comprises a variable rate encoder. In such a case, the encoder 320 or 322 outputs data at a rate that varies depending on the content of the input to the encoder 320 or 322. As an embodiment, the encoder 320 includes a variable rate audio encoder (vocoder) that encodes an audio waveform received from an input device 308 (eg, a microphone). Here, in an event relating to continuous speech in which the voice waveform spans a given period of time, the encoder 320 outputs data at full rate (eg, 16K samples per second) during that time period. In contrast, in an event where the voice waveform is related to intermittent speech over a period of time, the encoder 320 switches to output data at half rate (eg, 8K samples per second) during that time period.
Therefore, at block 602 in FIG. 6, a suitable variable rate coding scheme is initially selected. This operation is performed, for example, during the relevant procedures as described above in connection with blocks 402 and 502.
As represented by block 604, the encoder 320 receives information to be encoded from the input device 308. The encoder 320 then selects an appropriate code rate (eg, full rate, half rate, etc.) based on the content of the received information (block 606). For example, the coding rate is based on the average data rate of incoming information over a specified time period. A similar operation is then performed in connection with blocks 604 and 606 with respect to channel encoder 322.
As represented by block 608, the coding conforming controller 318 then adapts the pulse transmission timing based on one or more code rates. As an embodiment, when the encoder 320 outputs data at full rate, the pulse repetition rate for the pulse is specified to output every 200 nanoseconds. In contrast, when the encoder 320 outputs data at half rate, the pulse repetition rate for the pulse is specified to output the pulse every 400 nanoseconds. To this end, controller 318 controls pulse repetition rate controller 334, which defines the pulse repetition rate for pulse generator 326. Similar adaptations are made in block 608 in connection with the channel encoder 322.
In a manner similar to that discussed above in connection with FIG. 4, transmitter 324 produces pulses modulated according to the information encoded in block 610. In block 612, the transmitter 324 then transmits the information encoded according to the selected transmission timing (eg, the time duration between variable pulses).
Then referring to FIG. 7, the transmission of pulses (and similar to the reception discussed below) also includes inter-pulse duty cycling. To this end, the state controller 312 controls one or more circuits of the device 300 to reduce the power consumption of the device 300 when the pulse should not be transmitted or received. In a typical practice, the circuitry associated with the RF front end of transceiver 302 is turned off when transceiver 302 does not transmit or receive pulses. Such circuits include, for example, low noise amplifiers, voltage controlled oscillators, detectors, mixers, gain buffers, current converters, squarers, integrators, power amplifiers and the like. In some cases, some of these circuits are turned off or otherwise disabled. In general, such circuits consume a relatively large amount of power compared to the other circuits of the device (most of which are not shown in Figure 3).
In some implementations, the state controller 312 comprises a circuit disabler component 336 that temporarily disables one or more circuits of device 300. For example, the circuit dissaver 336 cuts off power to one or more circuits (eg, analog components) or signals a circuit that, for example, disables a given functionality. In the former case, the circuit dissaver 336 works with a power controller 314 that selectively provides power to one or more circuits of device 300.
In some implementations, the state controller 312 comprises a clock rate reducer component 338. Clock rate reducer 338 adjusts the clock rate of one or more clock signals driving one or more circuits of device 300. Here, adjusting the clock rate involves reducing the frequency of the clock signal that drives some digital circuits of transceiver 324. Thus, the power consumed by one or more circuits can be reduced as a result of the reduction in clock rate. In some cases, the clock rate is reduced to zero Hz (ie, the clock is turned off).
Referring to the operation of FIG. 7, as represented by block 702, the state controller 312 cooperates with other components of device 300 to determine whether a pulse should be transmitted or received. For example, processors 304 and 306, transceiver 302 or pulse timing controller 316 provide instructions to state controller 312 just before a pulse should be output by transceiver 302.
As represented by block 704, the state controller sets the inter-pulse duty cycle state to the power-on state. As a result, the state controller 312 thereby enables any previously disabled circuits (eg, powers on the circuits) or sets all clocks to their normal clock rate. Return to. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the transmit side operation of block 704 coincides with the beginning of time period 218.
As represented by block 706, transmitter 324 then generates and transmits pulses as discussed herein. Therefore, in the embodiment of FIG. 2, the pulse 208 is generated and supplied to the antenna 332.
After the pulse is transmitted, the state controller 312 switches between pulse-to-pulse duty cycle states to return to the power-off state, as represented by block 708. The circuit dissaver 336 thus disables the proper circuit, and / or the clock rate reducer 338 reduces the frequency of one or more clocks as discussed above. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the transmission side operation of block 708 coincides with the end of time period 218.
As represented by blocks 710 and 712, device 300 is powered off until another pulse needs to be transmitted (or, as discussed below, a pulse needs to be received). Is maintained at. In an event where a pulse should be transmitted at a pulse repetition rate (eg, there is currently data to be transmitted), the duration of the power-off state corresponds to a time period 202 between pulses 208 in the embodiment of FIG. In contrast, if there is no data to be transmitted, the device 300 is kept powered off until another pulse should be transmitted. The operation of FIG. 7 is thus repeated as needed whenever the pulse needs to be transmitted.
On the receiving side, device 300 performs complementary actions to the actions discussed above in connection with FIGS. 4 and 7. These behaviors are then discussed in more detail in connection with FIG.
As discussed above, in block 502, various parameters are specified for communication over the channel. These parameters include, for example, the pulse repetition rate, the time hopping sequence if applicable, and whether the pulse timing is adapted based on variable rate coding.
If applicable, the timing of pulse iterations is adapted based on the code rate, as represented by block 504. This includes, for example, receiving an instruction that the data being transmitted or to be transmitted is associated with a particular code rate.
As represented by block 506, receiver 340 receives incoming pulses through antenna 332. The received pulse is fed to the bandpass filter 344 and then to the low noise amplifier 346. The pulse processor 348 processes the pulses as needed to extract (eg, demodulate) the information represented by the pulses (block 508). As discussed above, the pulses are received according to the time duration between the variable pulses.
In some practices using non-coherent modulation, the receiver 340 can incorporate a loosely locked VCO for down-conversion. Here, the VCO is turned off during the impulses (eg, during the power-off states discussed herein). In some practices, such VCOs do not utilize a phase-locked loop. Here, non-coherent makes demodulation relatively insensitive to phase or frequency differences from one pulse to the next.
In some implementations, the receiver 340 uses a super-regenerative front end that acts as a subsampling receiver. Here, the super-regenerative front end reuses a single gain stage to sample the received signal during a short period of time (eg, on the order of a few picoseconds). The super-regeneration front end is followed by an energy detection stage.
Seeing FIG. 5 again, at block 510, the information received is processed by processors 304 and 306 to provide data to the output device 310. To this end, processor 306 includes a channel decoder 350 that performs a channel decoding operation. In some practices, the channel decoding operation is similar to the operation discussed below in relation to FIG. In addition, processor 304 includes a source decoder 352. Complementary to the operations discussed above, the source decoder 352 converts waveform-coded or sigma-delta modulated data into analog data, for example for output by the output device 310. Further, the channel decoder 350, the source decoder 352, or both include a variable rate decoder.
As mentioned above, inter-pulse duty cycling is also used in connection with receiving pulses. Seeing FIG. 7 again, the state controller 312 works with other components of device 300 to determine if a pulse should be received, as represented by block 702. For example, processors 304 and 306, transceiver 302, or pulse timing controller 316 provide instructions to state controller 312 just before the expected reception of a pulse by transceiver 302. Here, the expected time of pulse reception is the current pulse repetition rate, the current time hopping sequence if applicable, the current coding rate, the pulse scan interval specified for receiver 340, or whatever. Based on only one or more other criteria.
As represented by block 704, in the event where the pulse is expected, the state controller 312 sets the inter-pulse duty cycle state to the power-on state. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the operation of block 704 with respect to the transmission side coincides with the beginning of time period 222.
As represented by block 706, receiver 340 then processes the received pulse as discussed herein. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the received pulse is represented by pulse 212.
After the pulse is received, the state controller 312 switches the inter-pulse duty cycle state back to the power-off state, as represented by block 708. In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the receiving side operation of block 708 coincides with the end of time period 222.
As represented by blocks 710 and 712, device 300 is powered off until another pulse should be received (or, as discussed below, the pulse needs to be transmitted). Be maintained. In an event where the pulse should be received at the pulse repetition rate (eg, there is currently data to be received), the duration of the power-off state corresponds to the time period 224 between the pulses 212 in the embodiment of FIG. .. In contrast, if there is no data to be transmitted, the device 300 is kept powered off until another pulse needs to be received. The operation of FIG. 7 is thus repeated as needed whenever a pulse needs to be received.
The operation of FIG. 7 is also applicable when the pulse is transmitted after it has been received and vice versa. For example, the inter-pulse duty cycle state is set to power-on during pulse transmission, then power-off after transmission, and then reset to power-on the next time a pulse is received.
With reference to FIGS. 8 and 9, in some practices, capacitive elements are selectively charged and discharged according to inter-pulse duty cycling in order to efficiently provide power for pulse processing. For example, the capacitive element is initially charged when transceiver 302 does not transmit or receive pulses. The capacitive element is then discharged to power one or more circuits that facilitate the transmission and reception of the pulse as the transceiver 302 transmits or receives the pulse. Such circuits include, for example, a circuit of a transmitter 324 such as a power amplifier 328 and a circuit of a receiver 340 such as a low noise amplifier 346.
In some embodiments, the power controller 314 of FIG. 3 comprises a charging circuit adapted to selectively charge and discharge the capacitive element 354. In some embodiments, the charging circuit selectively couples the capacitive element 354 to a power source 358 (eg, a battery), a load 360 (eg, one or more transmitter or receiver circuits), or both. Equipped with one or more switches 356 for. In some implementations, during the transmission and reception of the pulse, power is supplied to the load 360 from both the capacitive element 354 and the power supply 358. Therefore, the charging circuit is configured in a way that facilitates the delivery of power from multiple sources to one or more circuits (eg, one or more switches 356 are activated).
Referring to the operation of FIG. 8 below, the capacitive element 354 powers the load 360 when the transmitter 324 does not deliver the pulse and the receiver 340 does not receive the pulse, as represented by block 802. The charging circuit is initially configured so as not to supply. Further, the charging circuit is initially configured such that the capacitive element 354 charges at least a portion at this point. In Figure 2, this scenario is consistent with time periods 220 and 224 (eg, the power-off state of state controller 312).
At some point in time, as represented by block 804, the device 300 determines that the pulse needs to be transmitted or received. As a result, device 300 changes the duty cycle state to the power-on state (block 806). The device 300 performs these operations, eg, as discussed above in connection with FIG.
As represented by block 808, the charging circuit then provides power to the specified circuit during the transmission or reception of the pulse (block 810). For example, in some implementations, switch 356 (one or more) separates the capacitive element 354 from being charged by the power supply 358 and couples the capacitive element 354 to provide current to the load 360. To do. It will be appreciated that various circuits are used to couple the power supply 358 and load 360 with the capacitive element 354 to achieve this or other similar operation.
Figure 9 shows some waveforms to show the relative current between the states of blocks 802 and 808. Waveform 902 shows an example of the current drawn by transmitter 324 or receiver 340. Waveform 904 shows the charge current (upper half of the waveform) and discharge current (lower half of the waveform) for the capacitive element 354. Waveform 906 shows an example of the current drawn from the power source 358. It should be understood that the waveform of FIG. 9 is presented in a simplified manner to emphasize the basic concepts herein. In practice, the actual current flow is significantly different from the current flow shown in the figure.
Levels 908, 910 and 912 relate to the flow of current during the power-off state. In this case, the transmitter 324 or receiver 340 draws a relatively small amount of current, as indicated by level 908. In addition, the capacitive element 354 is charged at this time, as indicated by level 910. The power supply also supplies the device 300 with a relatively average amount of power, as indicated by level 912.
Levels 914, 916 and 918 relate to the flow of current during the power-on state corresponding to the time period between the dashed lines 920A and 920B. In this case, the transmitter 324 or receiver 340 draws a relatively large amount of current, as indicated by the rising portion of waveform 914. The capacitive element 354 is then discharged at this time, as indicated by the falling portion of the waveform 916. That is, the current stored in the capacitive element 354 during the power-off state is now provided to the transmitter 324 or receiver 340. In addition, power supply 358 supplies additional output current to transmitter 324 or receiver 340, as indicated by waveform portion 918.
It will be appreciated that the operation of the capacitive element 354 acts to reduce the amount of peak power provided by the power supply 358. For example, batteries operate with lower efficiency at peak power levels (eg, disproportionately shorter lifespan as a result). Therefore, the operation of the capacitive element 354 reduces the overall power consumption of the device 300 by reducing the peak current load on the power source 358.
The charging circuit is implemented in various ways to provide an appropriate amount of power during the power-on state. For example, in some implementations, power off to allow the power supply 358 to supply an amount of current that is not substantially greater than the average current drawn from the power supply 358 during the transmission or reception of one or more pulses. During the state, the capacitive element 354 is fully charged. In some practices, the amount of current referenced above is at most 20% greater than the average current drawn from the power source 358. It will be appreciated that other percentages or amounts may be used in other practices.
In some implementations, during the transmission or reception of one or more pulses, it is possible for the power supply 358 to supply a substantially smaller amount of current than the peak current associated with the transmission or reception of one or more pulses. The capacitive element 354 is fully charged during the power-off state. Here, the peak current comprises, for example, the current drawn by the transmitter 324 during transmission or the receiver 342 during reception. In some practices, the amount of current referred to above is at least 20 percent less than the peak current. It will be appreciated that other percentages or amounts may be used in other practices.
Referring again to FIG. 8, the duty cycle state is set back to the power-off state after the pulse is transmitted or received (block 812). Thus, as represented by block 814, the capacitive element is reconfigured to charge and not supply power, as discussed above in connection with block 802. As represented by blocks 816 and 818, the above operation is repeated to charge and discharge the capacitive element 354 according to inter-pulse duty cycling, if necessary. It will now be appreciated that the technique also applies to events where transceiver operation switches between transmission and reception of pulses. For example, after the pulse is transmitted, the capacitive element may be charged during the power-off state and then discharged during subsequent receiving operations.
Then referring to FIGS. 10, 11 and 12, the disclosure also describes, in some embodiments, impulse-based signaling for transmitting and receiving a portion of a packet over a common frequency band in substantially the same manner. Regarding use. Here, the packet comprises a dataset that is drawn repeatedly in some way for transmission. For example, the packet is defined by a formal protocol header, preamble, or some other suitable delineation technique.
FIG. 10 shows a series of pulses 1000 generated within a given frequency band such that they appear over a given period of time. One or more pulses are transmitted during the first part of the time period. FIG. 10 shows the last transmitted pulse 1002 from the first part of the time period. During the later part of the time period, one or more pulses 1004 are received. Then, during the later part of the time period, one or more pulses 1004 are received. Then, during the later part of the time period, one or more pulses are transmitted again. FIG. 10 shows the first transmission pulse 1006 from the last part of the time period. The omitted part of FIG. 1 indicates that an additional set of pulses is transmitted and received over time.
Here, one or more sets of pulses 1002, 1004 and 1006 comprise a portion of the packet. That is, the packet to be transmitted is divided into different parts, and each part of the packet is transmitted as a set of one or more pulses. Similarly, the packet to be received is divided into different parts by the remote transmitter, which causes the remote transmitter to transmit each part of the packet as a set of one or more pulses. As shown in FIG. 10, the transmission and reception of these different sets of pulses associated with different subpackets are scattered within a given time period (eg, by alternating transmission and reception of packet portions). interspersed). For example, the pulses of a packet are alternately transmitted, the pulses of different packets are received, and the pulse following the first packet is transmitted. On a macro scale, transceivers appear to transmit and receive packets simultaneously in the same frequency band.
The specific grouping of pulse sets (eg, as shown in Figure 10) depends on a variety of factors. For example, in some applications it is desirable to instead represent that information as a series of smaller pulses that are transmitted continuously, rather than the transmission of relatively large pulses that adversely affect peak power requirements. In addition, the transmitted pulse is transmitted at a different pulse repetition rate than the received pulse and vice versa. This is, for example, the result of different data rates or different processing gains. In some practices, the number of continuously transmitted pulses is on the order of 100 or less pulses, or the maximum duration of a pulse set (eg, a transmitted pulse) is on the order of 20 microseconds or less. In addition, in some practices, the duration of a given pulse is 20 nanoseconds or less in order to maintain a sufficiently low duty cycle (eg, as discussed above in connection with Figure 2). ..
In some practices, transmission pulses 1002 and 1006 are transmitted over one defined code channel within a defined frequency band, and received pulses 1004 are other specified codes within the same frequency band. Received over the channel. Here, these different code channels are defined by different pulse repetition periods, different time hopping sequences, different scrambled codes, different modulation schemes, some different parameters, or some combination of two or more of these parameters. ..
In some practices, pulses transmitted and received by a given device (eg, as shown in FIG. 10) are destined for one or more other devices and also for one or more other devices. Received from. For example, a transmitted pulse set is associated with a multicast stream received by a different device. Instead, different sets of transmitted pulses are transmitted to different devices (eg, using different code channels). Similarly, different sets of received pulses are transmitted by different devices (eg, using different code channels).
FIG. 11 shows some sample operations performed to transmit and receive subpackets. Block 1102 represents the start of impulse-based packet transmission over a given frequency band. As discussed herein, impulse-based signaling schemes can optionally use time hopping.
As represented by block 1104, processor 306 (FIG. 3) formats information for transmission (eg, packet data). For example, in some practices, processor 306 encodes information to be transmitted by generating a set of symbols that represent the current portion of the packet to be transmitted. Here, each symbol represents one or more bits of information from this subpacket. In some practices, it will be appreciated that the symbols representing the data to be transmitted are generated by a modulation scheme (eg, with or without pre-coding). In any case, the pulse generator 326 generates one or more pulses representing each symbol. Therefore, each pulse set in FIG. 10 represents a part of a symbol, the whole symbol, or some symbols.
As represented by block 1106, transceiver 302 also initiates substantially simultaneous packet reception in the selected frequency band and optionally initiates time hopping. As represented by block 1108, in device 300 using inter-pulse duty cycling as taught herein, the duty cycling state is changed to a power-on state.
As represented by block 1110, transmitter 324 transmits a first set of at least one pulse (eg, pulse 1002 in FIG. 10). As discussed herein, the first pulse set comprises at least a portion of the packet. Simultaneous transmission and reception of subpackets is used in connection with multicast operations in some implementations, as discussed in more detail below in connection with FIGS. 13 and 14. After the first pulse set is transmitted, as represented by block 1112, the duty cycling state is changed and returns to the power-off state until the next transmission or reception (eg, at block 1114).
As represented by block 1114, receiver 340 receives at least one pulse (eg, pulse 1004) over a common frequency band. It will now be appreciated that the same radio front end is used to receive at least one pulse, as was used to carry the first pulse set in block 1110. As mentioned above in connection with block 1110, this reception of pulses involves multicast operation. After receiving at least one pulse, as represented by block 1116, the duty cycling state changes and returns to the power-off state until the next transmission or reception (eg, at block 1118).
As represented by block 1118, transmitter 324 transmits a second set of at least one pulse (eg, pulse 1006). Again, this second pulse set comprises at least a portion of the packet. After the second set of pulses has been transmitted, the duty cycling state is changed and returns to the power-off state until the next transmission or reception, as represented by block 1120.
As represented by block 1122, the above operation repeats the repeated transmission and reception of subpackets over a common frequency band as needed. The above discussion has primarily referred to the transmission and reception of subpackets, but in some embodiments, one or more sets of pulses can comprise an entire packet or more than an entire packet. As represented by block 1124, at least one pulse received at block 1114 is processed (eg, decoded) as discussed herein.
Then, with reference to FIG. 12, in some embodiments, preparations are made for collisions that occur or may occur between the transmit and receive pulses. That is, at some point in time, a pulse is transmitted at the same or substantially the same time as the time the pulse is being received.
As represented by block 1202, error correction processor component 362 identifies transmission and reception pulse collisions. This identification is made as the collision is occurring after the collision has occurred, or in some embodiments is predicted based on known or expected transmission and reception times.
As represented by block 1204, component 362 adjusts the error correction used for the channel based on the identification of the collision. Here, whenever a collision is detected, this information is provided to the error correction scheme. The error correction scheme is then configured to take some action whenever a collision is present. For example, in some practices, component 362 marks the corresponding transmitted or received pulse as erasure (eg, has a zero confidence level in the convolutional code). Mark the bits). In a typical practice, component 362 marks the transmission pulse as vanishing. This is because it is easier than having a remote receiver attempt to determine if a transmission was present.
In some embodiments, component 362 determines the reliability level associated with the received pulse, as represented by block 1206. For example, some applications use an error correction scheme, thereby assigning a reliability level to the received data, which indicates the degree to which the information transmitted by the remote transmitter accurately represents. Here, depending on the error correction scheme and channel characteristics used, the reliability level is relatively high, even if one or more pulses are degraded during transmission through the channel.
As represented by block 1208, component 362 then determines whether the pulse (eg, related to a collision or possible collision) needs to be received, based on the reliability level. To do. For example, if there is a reliable level of information received, it is not necessary to receive this pulse as the pulse is simply redundant information. Therefore, in this case, component 362 simply ignores the received pulse. Further, in the event that the received pulse arrives when the transmitter 324 wants to transmit the pulse, the transceiver 302 is allowed to transmit the pulse anyway. In contrast, if the channel is relatively noisy, or if receiver 340 has difficulty receiving information for some other reason, component 362 needs to decode the information associated with the pulse. Determine that there is. From the above, it will be understood that component 362 dynamically determines the action to be taken in the event of a collision or possible collision.
Next, referring to FIG. 13, in some embodiments, the present disclosure provides wireless devices (eg, personal entertainment devices such as cell phones, MP3 players or video players, personal digital assistants, etc.) via several wireless communication links. Concerning communication between a computer (such as a computer) and multiple peripherals (eg, a headset). In some embodiments, these components are multicast over a wireless communication link. For example, a wireless device establishes a multi-way conference call directly between itself and some headsets over a wireless link. In some embodiments, the radio link uses impulse-based signaling as taught herein. In this case, the device also supports inter-pulse duty cycling to save power, as discussed herein.
In the embodiment of FIG. 13, the wireless communication system 1300 includes a wireless device 1302 and two peripheral devices 1304 and 1306. However, it will be appreciated that a given practice can incorporate more peripherals. The wireless device 1302 communicates with the cellular network via the wide area network component 1308. In addition, wireless device 1302 establishes a wireless communication link with peripheral devices 1304 and 1306 via transmitter 1310 and receiver 1312. Similarly, peripherals 1304 and 1306 include corresponding transmitters 1314A and 1314B and receivers 1316A and 1316B, respectively.
Each device 1302, 1304 and 1306 in FIG. 13 also includes various components for communicating with each other or with some other device (not shown). For example, device 1302 includes speaker 1318, microphone 1320, control device (eg, for adjusting volume and also joining calls) 1322, baseband processor 1324, and source coding component 1326. Device 1304 includes speaker 1328A, microphone 1330A, control device 1332A, baseband processor 1334A and source coding component 1336A. Similarly, device 1306 includes speaker 1328B, microphone 1330B, control device 1332B, baseband processor 1334B and source coding component 1336B.
The sample behavior of devices 1302, 1304 and 1306 is discussed below in connection with the flowchart of FIG. As represented by block 1402, in FIG. 14A, the wireless device 1302 initially establishes a wireless communication link with peripheral devices 1304 and 1306. In some embodiments, this involves temporarily pairing each peripheral device 1304 and 1306 with wireless device 1302 during the duration of a communication session (eg, a telephone call). In some practices, peripherals 1304 and 1306 are synchronized to wireless device 1302.
In some embodiments, multicasting is performed using wireless multicast and wireless unicast links, or using only wireless unicast links. For example, in some practices, a multicast link is established to send multicast data from wireless device 1302 to both peripherals 1304 and 1306. In this case, a separate unicast link is then established to send data from the peripherals 1304 and 1306 to the wireless device 1302. Conversely, in some implementations, a separate unicast link, rather than a multicast link, is established to send multicast data from the wireless device to the respective peripherals 1304 and 1306.
In the case of sample use, the conference call is established using a single wireless device (eg, cellphone) and multiple headsets. In some practices, the cell phone uses a multicast link (or multiple unicast links) to send multicast data to the headset. The headset then sends the data back to the cellphone over a separate unicast link (or multiple multicast links). This data is, for example, microphone data and side tone data. data) is included. Cellphones also receive data from other sources, such as data from wide area networks (eg, incoming signals associated with calls across cellular networks). The cellphone then mixes the incoming data (eg, microphone data, sidetone data, etc.) and sends the mixed data to the device (eg, peripherals and wide area networks). Thus, the cellphone multicasts the microphone data (mixed with other acoustic data, if applicable) to the headset over one or more wireless links.
In some practices, wireless communication links use impulse-based signaling as taught herein. For example, each unicast link uses low duty cycle, pulse time hopping, pulse-to-pulse duty cycling, or any other technique taught herein. In addition, multicast-related links are implemented using subpacket transmission and reception over a common frequency band, as described herein (eg, FIGS. 10-12).
In FIG. 14A, one of peripherals 1304 or 1306 transmits information to wireless device 1302, as indicated by block 1404. As discussed above, this is achieved via a wireless unicast link or via a subpacket transmission and reception link (eg, pulse 1004 in FIG. 10).
As indicated by block 1406, wireless device 1302 receives information from peripheral devices and, in some cases, from some other source. Here, other sources include one other peripheral device 1304 or 1306, or some other communication device associated with the current communication session (not shown). For example, in the case of a conference call, the wireless device 1302 is connected to another cellular network via the cellular network.
As indicated by block 1408, wireless device 1302 processes information received from peripherals and any other source device. For example, wireless device 1302 (eg, baseband processor 1324) mixes received information (eg, acoustic signals).
As indicated by block 1410, wireless device 1302 transmits the processed information to peripheral devices 1304 and 1306 and, if applicable, any other device associated with the current communication session. As mentioned above, in some practices, the wireless device 1302 transmits the processed information as a single multicast stream over a single wireless communication link. In this case, each peripheral receives a stream from the multicast link. In another embodiment, the wireless device 1302 transmits information processed as multiple unicast streams over multiple wireless communication links. In yet another embodiment, the wireless device 1302 transmits over one direction of the subpacket transmission and reception links (eg, pulses 1002 and 1006 in FIG. 10).
Peripherals 1304 and 1306 receive processed information from wireless device 1302, as indicated by block 1412. Peripherals 1304 and 1306 then process the received information as needed (block 1414).
As mentioned above, the peripheral device (eg, peripheral device 1304) can transmit various types of data (ie, information) and can transmit data in various ways. Some additional sample behavior of peripherals is then dealt with in connection with the flowchart in Figure 14B.
As indicated by block 1420, the peripheral gets the data to be transmitted from one or more data sources. For example, a peripheral device gets data from its microphone. In addition, the peripheral receives data from the wireless device 1302, from one or more other peripherals, from some other source, or from some combination of these sources. As an embodiment, peripheral device 1304 receives microphone data from peripheral device 1306 via a wireless link.
As shown by block 1422, peripherals can process the data obtained in several ways to facilitate the transmission of the data. For example, in some practices, the peripheral device (eg, baseband processor 1334A) can mix data (eg, microphone data from multiple sources).
Peripherals then transmit the processed data to one or more appropriate destinations, as indicated by block 1424. In some practices, the peripheral device transmits data to other devices (eg, wireless device 1302 and peripheral device 1306) over a unicast link. In some practices, the peripheral device transmits data to several devices (eg, wireless device 1302 and peripheral device 1306) via several unicast links. Thus, in this case, the cellphone multicasts some or all of the microphone data (mixed with other acoustic data, if applicable) from multiple headsets to the headset or other device over a wireless link. To do.
Then, referring to FIG. 15, as mentioned above, in some practices, devices using pulse-based ultra-wideband communication use various coding techniques to improve the reliability of data transmission across channels. be able to. In some embodiments, the present disclosure relates to the use of multiple pulses per bit to provide improved interference performance in non-coherent ultra-wideband systems.
In ultra-wideband systems with non-coherent receivers, a single pulse per bit has traditionally been used to minimize non-coherent combination loss and obtain best performance in noise-limited channels. For example, typical non-coherent ultra-wideband (USB) receivers (eg, according to IEEE802.15, 4a), and implementations accommodating such receivers, have very high rates in collaboration with time hopping diversity. Use the encoded pulse of (close to rate 1).
Due to the presence of noise-noise cross terms in non-coherent receivers, the use of one or more pulses per bit is E.<sub>b b</sub>/ N<sub>o o</sub>Causes significant loss in requirements. As an example, in a binary pulse position modulation (BPPM) UWB system, the targeted uncoded BER = 10 each time the spread factor doubles.<sup>-3</sup>E in<sub>b b</sub>/ N<sub>o o</sub>In, there is a loss of approximately 1 dB. This means that doubling the diffusivity produces only a diffusive gain of 2 dB instead of the 3 dB for a coherent receiver. Due to this non-coherent combination loss, conventional designs use a high rate code (eg, Reed-Solomon code) that derives a pulse per bit with a value close to 1.
However, one or more pulses per bit can be used to advantage when the system is interference limited. To illustrate this point, an example of a hypothetical system is described. In this hypothetical system, the following conditions for transmitters are specified: 1) The system does not use any coding other than iteration (eg, PN sequence) based spreading. 2) The parameters are selected so that there are no inter-pulse, inter-pulse position hypotheses, or inter-symbol interference problems within the link. 3) Any time hopping sequence selected is an independent identical distribution (iid) that is uniformly distributed within and between users over possible pulse positions. In addition, the following parameters are specified: 1) The system has N non-overlapping binary pulse positions per uncoded bit. modulated) Generate symbol position. Here, each BPPM symbol consists of two non-overlapping positions indicating "1" and "0". Therefore, this means that there are 2N pulse positions in total. And 2) the diffusion code length is M. And each pulse has T = N / M possible time hopping positions. Finally, the following conditions are specified for the receiver: 1) The integrator captures all energy at the BPPM symbol position. And 2) BPPM detection uses a hard detector. This means that if the energy at the pulse position corresponding to "1" is greater than the energy at "0", the detector preferentially determines "1".
Next, it is assumed that the link of interest operates in the presence of stronger interference. Since it is assumed that each user is independent of each other and has a uniform time hopping sequence according to the same distribution, the pulses transmitted by interference are two time hopping BPPM hypothesis positions corresponding to the user of interest. The possibility of becoming one of locations) is 1 / T. Interference thus facilitates or hinders accurate detection of pulses, depending on which one of the two time-hopping BPPM hypothetical positions the interfering pulse is. Therefore, the average pulse error rate is 1 / (2T).
Under the above conditions, for the odd value M, the BER error floor is as follows.<maths num="1"><img file="JP5166403B2_D0001.tif" /></maths>
This provides a trade-off between diffusion code length (M) and the BER floor under interference. For N = 50, an example of this trade-off is plotted in Figure 15. This plot shows that the behavior of the system under interference benefits from a large number of pulses per bit (eg, 5 or more). Therefore, a large number of pulses per bit are advantageously used in time-hopping non-coherent systems to improve performance in areas where interference is limited.
From the above, it will be understood that the impulse-based signaling taught herein is used in favor of devices with ultra-low power requirements. In some practices, the teachings herein are used to achieve spectral efficiencies below 0.1 bit / s / Hz. When a wristwatch typically consumes as much as a few microwatts of power, such techniques are favorably used for short-range communications, for example, to transmit data between the cellphone and the wristwatch. If the headset typically consumes a few milliwatts of power, these technologies also transmit data between the cellphone and the in-ear headset (eg, similar to a hearing aid). Can be used to
A wireless device can include various components that perform functions based on signals transmitted or received by the wireless device. For example, a headset is a transform configured to provide audible output based on pulses received over a wireless link, decoded information, one or more received pulses, or processed information. Can include a vessel. The watch shall include a display configured to provide visual output based on pulses received over a wireless link, decoded information, one or more received pulses, or processed information. Can be done. Medical devices are configured to generate detected data, be transmitted by a transmitter for transmission over a wireless link, provide one or more transmitted pulses, or be transmitted to a cell phone. Sensors can be included.
The wireless device can communicate based on any suitable wireless communication technology or over one or more wireless communication links that otherwise support any suitable wireless communication technology. For example, in some embodiments, the wireless device is associated with a network. In some embodiments, the network comprises a body area network or a personal area network (eg, an ultra-wideband network). In some embodiments, the network comprises a local area network or a wide area network. The wireless device supports or uses one or more different wireless communication protocols or standards, including, for example, CDMA, TDMA, OFDM, OFDMA, WiMAX, Wi-Fi, and other wireless technologies. Similarly, wireless devices support or use one or more various corresponding modulation or multiplexing schemes. The wireless device therefore includes suitable components (eg, air interfaces) to establish and communicate over one or more wireless communication links using the above or other wireless communication techniques. For example, the device is a radio transceiver with an associated transmitter, and a receiver component (eg, transmitter 326 and) including various components (eg, signal generator and signal processor) that facilitate communication across the radio medium. It is equipped with a receiver 340).
As mentioned above, in some embodiments, the wireless device communicates via ultra-wideband pulses. In some embodiments, each ultra-wideband pulse has a bandwidth on the order of 1-2 GHz. In some embodiments, each ultra-wideband pulse has a bandwidth (ie, frequency range) in the range of approximately 6 GHz to 10 GHz. In some embodiments, each ultra-wideband pulse has a bandwidth in the range of approximately 7.25 GHz to 9 GHz. In some embodiments, each ultra-wideband pulse has a time duration of no more than 20 nanoseconds.
The teachings herein are incorporated into various devices (eg, devices) (eg, performed within or performed by the device). For example, one or more aspects taught herein include a microphone (eg, cellular phone), a mobile information terminal (PDA), an entertainment device (eg, music or video device), a headset (eg, headphones, etc.). Earphones, microphones, or some combination of two or more of these devices), microphones, medical devices (eg biometric sensors, heart rate monitors, pedometers, EKG devices, etc.), user I / O devices (eg, EKG devices, etc.) Incorporates into watches, remote controls, optical switches, keyboards, mice, etc.), tire pressure monitors, computers, cash register devices, entertainment devices, hearing aids, set-top devices, or any other suitable device.
These devices can have different power and data requirements. In some embodiments, the teachings herein are configured for use in low power applications (eg, through the use of impulse-based signaling schemes and low duty cycle modes) and include a variety of relatively high data rates. Supports high data rates (eg, through the use of high bandwidth pulses).
In some embodiments, the wireless device comprises an access device (eg, a Wi-Fi access point) for the communication system. Such access devices provide connectivity to other networks, such as wide area networks such as the Internet or cellular networks, via, for example, wired or wireless communication links. Therefore, the access device enables another device (eg, a Wi-Fi station) to access another network or some other functionality. Moreover, it will be appreciated that one or both devices are portable, or in some cases relatively non-portable.
The components described herein can be implemented in a variety of ways. With reference to FIGS. 16-21, devices 1600, 1650, 1700, 1750, 1800, 1900, 2000, 2050, 2100 and 2150 represent functions performed by, for example, one or more integrated circuits (eg, ASICs). , Or as a series of correlated functional blocks implemented in some other way as taught herein. As discussed herein, integrated circuits include processors, software, other components, or some combination thereof.
As shown in FIG. 16, apparatus 1600 includes one or more modules 1602, 1604, 1606, 1608, 1610, 1612 and 1614 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 1602 for generating encoded information corresponds to, for example, the component 320 described above. The ASIC 1604 for transmission corresponds, for example, to the component 324 described above. The ASIC 1606 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. ASIC1608 for source coding corresponds to, for example, component 320 described above. The ASIC 1610 for waveform coding corresponds, for example, to the component 312 described above. The ASIC 1612 for sigma-delta modulation coding corresponds, for example, to component 320 described above. The ASIC 1614 for the time hopping sequence corresponds, for example, to component 342 described above.
Equipment 1650 includes one or more modules 1652, 1654, 1656, 1658, 1660, 1662 and 1664 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 1652 for receiving corresponds to, for example, component 340 described above. ASIC1654 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. The ASIC 1656 for decryption corresponds, for example, to component 352 described above. ASIC1658 for source decoding corresponds, for example, to component 352 described above. The ASIC 1660 for waveform decoding corresponds to, for example, the component 352 described above. The ASIC 1662 for sigma-delta modulation decoding corresponds, for example, to component 352 described above. The ASIC 1664 for providing a time hopping sequence corresponds to, for example, component 342 described above.
As shown in FIG. 17, apparatus 1700 includes one or more modules 1702, 1704, 1706 and 1708 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 1702 for transmission corresponds to, for example, component 324 described above. The ASIC 1704 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. The ASIC 1706 for providing a random sequence corresponds to, for example, component 342 described above. The ASIC 1708 for generating encoded information corresponds to, for example, the component 320 described above.
Equipment 1750 includes one or more modules 1752, 1754, 1756 and 1758 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC1752 for receiving corresponds to, for example, the component 340 described above. The ASIC 1754 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. The ASIC 1756 for providing a random sequence corresponds to, for example, component 342 described above. The ASIC 1758 for decryption corresponds, for example, to the component 352 described above.
As shown in FIG. 18, apparatus 1800 includes one or more modules 1802, 1804, 1806, 1808 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 1802 for using power corresponds to, for example, component 302 described above. The ASIC1804 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. The ASIC 1806 for charging corresponds, for example, to component 314 described above. The ASIC1808 for modification corresponds to, for example, component 316 described above.
Equipment 1900 includes one or more modules 1902, 1904, 1906, 1908 and 1910 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 1902 for transmission corresponds, for example, to component 324 described above. The ASIC 1904 for receiving corresponds to, for example, the component 340 described above. ASIC1906 for error correction corresponds to, for example, component 362 described above. The ASIC 1908 for duty cycling corresponds, for example, to component 312 described above. The ASIC 1910 for modification corresponds to, for example, component 316 described above.
As shown in FIG. 20, apparatus 2000 includes one or more modules 2002 and 2004 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC 2002 for communication corresponds to, for example, the component 302 described above. ASIC2004 for processing corresponds to, for example, component 304 and / or component 306 described above.
The apparatus 2050 includes one or more modules 2052, 2054 and 2056 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the receiving ASIC2052 corresponds to, for example, the component 340 described above. The ASIC 2054 for processing corresponds to, for example, component 304 and / or component 306 described above. The ASIC 2056 for transmission corresponds, for example, to component 324 described above.
As shown in FIG. 21, apparatus 2100 includes one or more modules 2102 and 2104 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, ASIC2102 for multicast corresponds to, for example, component 302 described above. The ASIC 2104 for processing corresponds to, for example, component 304 and / or component 306 described above.
The apparatus 2150 includes one or more modules 2152, 2154 and 2156 that perform one or more of the functions described above for various drawings. For example, the ASIC2152 for receiving corresponds to, for example, the component 340 described above. The ASIC2154 for processing corresponds, for example, to component 304 and / or component 306 described above. The ASIC2156 for transmission corresponds, for example, to the component 324 described above.
As mentioned above, in some embodiments, these components are implemented via the appropriate processor components. These processor components are, in some embodiments, at least partially implemented using the structures as taught herein. In some embodiments, the processor is configured to perform some or all of the functionality of one or more of these components. In some embodiments, one or more of the components represented by the dashed box is optional.
As mentioned above, the devices of FIGS. 16-21 can include one or more integrated circuits that provide the functionality of the corresponding components. For example, in some embodiments, a single integrated circuit implements the functionality of the indicated components, while in other embodiments, two or more integrated circuits implement the functionality of the indicated components. carry out.
In addition, the components and functions shown in FIGS. 16-21, as well as the other components and functions described herein, are performed using any suitable means. Such means are at least partially implemented using the corresponding structures as taught herein. For example, in some embodiments, the means for generating encoded information comprises a encoder, the means for transmitting comprises a transceiver, the means for duty cycling comprises a state controller, and source coding. The means for is equipped with a source encoder, the means for waveform coding is equipped with a waveform encoder, and the means for sigma-delta modulation coding is equipped with a sigma-delta modulation encoder to provide a time hopping sequence. Means include a time hopping sequence controller, means for receiving include a receiver, means for decoding include a decoder, means for source decoding include a source decoder, and waveform decoding. The means for is equipped with a waveform decoder, the means for sigma-delta modulation decoding is equipped with a sigma-delta modulation decoder, and the means for providing random sequences is equipped with a time hopping sequence controller to use power. The means for charging is equipped with a transceiver, the means for charging is equipped with a charging circuit, the means for error correction is equipped with an error correction processor, the means for communication is equipped with a transceiver, and the means for processing is equipped with a processor. The means for multicasting can be equipped with a transceiver, and the means for modifying can be equipped with a pulse timing controller. One or more of such means can also be implemented according to one or more of the processor components of FIGS. 16-21.
Those skilled in the art will appreciate that information and signals can be represented using any variety of different techniques and techniques. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols and chips referenced through the above description are represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, optical fields or particles, or any combination thereof. be able to.
Those skilled in the art may also include any variety of exemplary logic blocks, modules, processors, means, circuits, and algorithmic steps described with respect to aspects disclosed herein in electronic hardware (eg, source coding). Or various forms of programs or design codes that incorporate instructions (for convenience herein), digital implementations, analog implementations, or a combination of both that can be designed using some other technology. You will understand that it is implemented as "software" or "software module"), or a combination of both. To articulate this interchangeability of hardware and software, various exemplary components, blocks, modules, circuits and steps have been generally described above with respect to their functionality. Whether such functionality is implemented as hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints imposed on the entire system. Those skilled in the art may implement the functionality described in various ways for each particular application, but decisions of such implementation should not be construed as departing from the scope of this disclosure.
The various logic blocks, modules and circuits described in connection with aspects disclosed herein are implemented within an integrated circuit (IC), access terminal, or access point, or integrated circuit (IC). ), Performed by the access terminal, or access point. ICs are general purpose processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), application specific integrated circuits (ASICs), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs) or other programmable logic devices, discrete gate or transistor logic, discrete hardware. A component, an electronic component, an optical component, a mechanical component, or any combination thereof designed to perform the functions described herein, and within the IC, outside the IC, or theirs. Execute the code or instruction found in both. The general purpose processor is a microprocessor, but instead the processor may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. Processors are also implemented as computing devices, such as a combination of DSP and microprocessor, multiple microprocessors, one or more microprocessors associated with a DSP core, or any other combination of such configurations.
Any particular order or hierarchy in any disclosed process is understood to be an embodiment of the sample approach. It is understood that the particular order or hierarchy of steps in the process may be reconstructed based on design priorities, but remains within the scope of this disclosure. The attached method claims indicate the elements of the various steps in the sample order and are not meant to be restricted to the particular order or hierarchy indicated.
The steps of methods or algorithms described in connection with aspects disclosed herein are implemented directly in hardware, software modules executed by a processor, or a combination thereof. Software modules (including, for example, executable instructions and related data) and other data include RAM memory, flash memory, ROM memory, EPROM memory, EEPROM memory, registers, hard disks, removable disks, CD-ROMs. , Or any other form of computer-readable storage medium known in the art. The sample storage medium is, for example, a computer / processor (referred to herein as a "processor" for convenience) so that the processor can read and write information (eg, code) from the storage medium. Combined with machines such as. The sample storage medium can be integrated in the processor. The processor and storage medium can be in the ASIC. The ASIC can be on the user's equipment. Alternatively, the processor and storage medium can be as discrete components within the user equipment. In still some embodiments, any suitable computer program product may comprise a computer-readable medium comprising code associated with one or more aspects of disclosure (eg, which can be executed by at least one computer). .. In some embodiments, the computer program medium can include packaging material.
The description of the disclosed aspects allows any person skilled in the art to manufacture or use the present disclosure. Various changes to these embodiments will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other embodiments without departing from the scope of the disclosure. Therefore, this disclosure is not intended to be limited to the embodiments presented herein, and should follow the broadest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.<u style="single"> The inventions described in the claims of the original application of the present application are described below.</u><u style="single">〔1〕</u><u style="single"> It s a way to provide a pulse,</u><u style="single"> To transmit pulses according to the time period between variable pulses,</u><u style="single"> Duty cycling between the transmissions of the pulses and</u><u style="single"> How to prepare.</u><u style="single">〔2〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the variable pulse time period comprises a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔3〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔4〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔5〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 4, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔6〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 4, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔7〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the transmitter circuitry during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔8〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the transmitter circuit during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔9〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the circuit of the transmitter during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔10〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein each of the pulses has a time period of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔11〕</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein each of the pulses has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 GHz to 10 GHz.</u><u style="single">〔12〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. The method of claim 1, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔13〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> The method of claim 1, wherein the set of pulses is transmitted to a non-coherent receiver.</u><u style="single">〔14〕</u><u style="single"> A device for providing pulses,</u><u style="single"> A transmitter configured to transmit pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> With a state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the transmissions of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> A device equipped with.</u><u style="single">〔15〕</u><u style="single"> The device according to claim 14, wherein the variable pulse time period includes a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔16〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 14, wherein the duration of the inter-pulse time is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔17〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 14, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔18〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 17, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔19〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 17, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔20〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 14, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the transmitter circuit during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔21〕</u><u style="single"> 14. The device of claim 14, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the transmitter circuit during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔22〕</u><u style="single"> 14. The apparatus of claim 14, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the transmitter circuit during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔23〕</u><u style="single"> The device according to claim 14, wherein each of the pulses has a time period of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔24〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 14, wherein each said pulse has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 gigahertz to 10 gigahertz.</u><u style="single">〔25〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. The device of claim 14, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔26〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> 14. The device of claim 14, wherein the transmitter transmits the set of pulses to a non-coherent receiver.</u><u style="single">〔27〕</u><u style="single"> A device for providing pulses,</u><u style="single"> Means for transmitting pulses according to the time period between variable pulses,</u><u style="single"> Means for duty cycling between the transmissions of the pulses and</u><u style="single"> A device equipped with.</u><u style="single">〔28〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the variable pulse time period comprises a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔29〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔30〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔31〕</u><u style="single"> 30. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔32〕</u><u style="single"> 30. The apparatus of claim 30, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔33〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the circuit of the means for transmission during said transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔34〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the circuit of the means for the transmission during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔35〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the circuit of the means for transmission during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔36〕</u><u style="single"> 28. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein each of the pulses has a time period of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔37〕</u><u style="single"> 27. The apparatus of claim 27, wherein each of the pulses has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 GHz to 10 GHz.</u><u style="single">〔38〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. 27. The apparatus of claim 27, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔39〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> 27. The device of claim 27, wherein the means for transmission is transmitting the set of pulses to a non-coherent receiver.</u><u style="single">〔40〕</u><u style="single"> A computer program product for providing pulses, to at least one computer,</u><u style="single"> Pulses are transmitted according to the time period between variable pulses, and</u><u style="single"> To provide duty cycling between the transmissions of the pulses.</u><u style="single"> A computer program product with a computer-readable medium that has executable code.</u><u style="single">〔41〕</u><u style="single"> A headset for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A transmitter configured to transmit pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> With a state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the transmissions of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> With a transducer configured to provide audible output based on the pulses received by the receiver,</u><u style="single"> Headset with.</u><u style="single">〔42〕</u><u style="single"> A watch for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A encoder configured to generate encoded information, and</u><u style="single"> A transmitter configured to transmit pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> With a state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the transmissions of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> With a display configured to provide a visible output based on the pulses received by the receiver,</u><u style="single"> Watch with.</u><u style="single">〔43〕</u><u style="single"> A medical device for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A transmitter configured to transmit pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> With a state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the transmissions of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> A sensor configured to generate detected data to be transmitted by the transmitter, and</u><u style="single"> Medical device with.</u><u style="single">〔44〕</u><u style="single"> It s a way to handle pulses,</u><u style="single"> Receiving pulses according to the variable pulse time period,</u><u style="single"> Duty cycling between the reception of the pulse and</u><u style="single"> How to prepare.</u><u style="single">〔45〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the variable pulse time period comprises a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔46〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔47〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔48〕</u><u style="single"> 47. The method of claim 47, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔49〕</u><u style="single"> 47. The method of claim 47, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔50〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the receiver's circuitry during said reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔51〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the receiver circuit during said reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔52〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the receiver circuit during the reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔53〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein each of the pulses has a time period of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔54〕</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein each of the pulses has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 GHz to 10 GHz.</u><u style="single">〔55〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. 44. The method of claim 44, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔56〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> 44. The method of claim 44, wherein the non-coherent receiver receives said set of pulses.</u><u style="single">〔57〕</u><u style="single"> A device for processing pulses,</u><u style="single"> A receiver configured to receive pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> With a state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the transmissions of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> A device equipped with.</u><u style="single">〔58〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the duration of the variable pulse time is a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔59〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the duration of the inter-pulse time is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔60〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the duration of the inter-pulse time is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔61〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 60, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔62〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 60, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔63〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the receiver's circuitry during said reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔64〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The device of claim 57, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the circuit of the receiver during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔65〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the receiver circuit during the reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔66〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 57, wherein each of the pulses has a time period of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔67〕</u><u style="single"> 58. The apparatus of claim 57, wherein each of the pulses has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 GHz to 10 GHz.</u><u style="single">〔68〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. 58. The apparatus of claim 57, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔69〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> 57. The device of claim 57, wherein the receiver comprises a non-coherent receiver configured to receive said set of pulses.</u><u style="single">〔70〕</u><u style="single"> A device for processing pulses,</u><u style="single"> Means for receiving pulses according to the variable pulse time period,</u><u style="single"> Means for duty cycling between the reception of the pulse and</u><u style="single"> A device equipped with.</u><u style="single">〔71〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the variable pulse time period comprises a variable pulse repetition period.</u><u style="single">〔72〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a time hopping sequence.</u><u style="single">〔73〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the inter-pulse time period is varied according to a variable coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔74〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 73, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable source coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔75〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 73, wherein the variable coding rate comprises a variable channel coding rate.</u><u style="single">〔76〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the duty cycling comprises disabling at least a portion of the circuit of the means for receiving during said reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔77〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the duty cycling comprises turning off the circuit of the means for receiving during the transmission of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔78〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the duty cycling comprises reducing the clock rate of the clock signal used by the circuit of the means for receiving the pulse during the reception of the pulse.</u><u style="single">〔79〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein each of the pulses has a time duration of about 20 nanoseconds or less.</u><u style="single">〔80〕</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein each of the pulses has a frequency band in the range of approximately 6 gigahertz to 10 gigahertz.</u><u style="single">〔81〕</u><u style="single"> Each of the pulses has a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and a bandwidth of about 500 MHz or more, or a specific bandwidth of about 20% or more and about 500 MHz or more. The device of claim 70, which has bandwidth.</u><u style="single">〔82〕</u><u style="single"> The set of at least two said pulses represents a single bit of data and</u><u style="single"> The device of claim 70, wherein the means for receiving is non-coherently receiving the set of pulses.</u><u style="single">〔83〕</u><u style="single"> A computer program product for providing pulses, to at least one computer,</u><u style="single"> Pulses are received according to the variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> To provide duty cycling between the reception of the pulses.</u><u style="single"> A computer program product with a computer-readable medium that has executable code.</u><u style="single">〔84〕</u><u style="single"> A headset for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A receiver configured to receive pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> A state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the reception of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> With a transducer configured to provide audible output based on at least a portion of the received pulse,</u><u style="single"> Headset with.</u><u style="single">〔85〕</u><u style="single"> A watch for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A receiver configured to receive pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> A state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the reception of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> With a display configured to provide visible output based on at least a portion of the received pulse,</u><u style="single"> Watch with.</u><u style="single">〔86〕</u><u style="single"> A medical device for wireless communication</u><u style="single"> A receiver configured to receive pulses according to a variable pulse time period, and</u><u style="single"> A state controller configured to provide duty cycling between the reception of said pulses,</u><u style="single"> With sensors configured to generate detected data for transmission by the transmitter,</u><u style="single"> Medical device with.</u>
<figref num="1">FIG. 1 is a simplified block diagram of some sample embodiments of a wireless communication system.</figref><figref num="2">Figure 2 is a simplified diagram of some sample pulse waveforms.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 is a simplified block diagram of some sample embodiments of wireless devices.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 shows a flowchart of some sample modes of operation performed to transmit a pulse.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the actions performed to receive a pulse.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 6 shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the actions performed to adapt the transmission of the pulse to a variable code rate.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 7 shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the operation performed to provide inter-pulse duty cycling.</figref><figref num="8">FIG. 8 shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the actions performed to provide power from the capacitive element during the power-on state.</figref><figref num="9">Figure 9 is a simplified diagram of some sample current flow waveforms.</figref><figref num="10">Figure 10 is a simplified diagram of a sample pulse waveform showing the sequential transmission and reception of pulses across a common frequency band.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 11 shows a flowchart of some sample embodiments of operations performed to transmit and receive subpackets over a common frequency band.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 12 shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of operations performed to illustrate pulse collisions.</figref><figref num="13">FIG. 13 is a simplified block diagram of some sample embodiments of a wireless communication system.</figref><figref num="14A">FIG. 14A shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the actions performed to provide a multicast session.</figref><figref num="14B">FIG. 14B shows a flow chart of some sample embodiments of the actions performed to provide a multicast session.</figref><figref num="15">Figure 15 is a simplified diagram of a sample waveform showing the possible effects of using multiple pulses to represent a bit.</figref><figref num="16">FIG. 16 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of the wireless device.</figref><figref num="17">FIG. 17 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of the wireless device.</figref><figref num="18">FIG. 18 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of the wireless device.</figref><figref num="19">FIG. 19 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of the wireless device.</figref><figref num="20">FIG. 20 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of wireless devices.</figref><figref num="21">FIG. 21 is a simplified block diagram of some sample forms of the wireless device.</figref>
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| JP2009535931A | Japan | A | |
| JP2009535933A | Japan | A | |
| JP2009535935A | Japan | A | |
| EP2030422B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT513369T | Austria | T | |
| ATE513369T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| EP2360844A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| KR101082634B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR101096291B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR101124814B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| KR101124875B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP5001352B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| JP5166403B2This record | Japan | B2 | |
| US8451710B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN101479953B | China | B | |
| US8527016B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US8553745B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN101480026B | China | B | |
| JP5329394B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| CN101479952B | China | B | |
| JP2013243683A | Japan | A | |
| EP2360844B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| JP5661861B2 | Japan | B2 |
16 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Cancellation because of no payment of annual feesLAPS | LAPS | |
| Receipt of annual feesJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250R250 | R250 | |
| Receipt of annual feesJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250R250 | R250 | |
| Receipt of annual feesJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R250R250 | R250 | |
| Renewal fee payment (event date is renewal date of database)FPAY | FPAY | |
| Certificate of patent or registration of utility modelJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150R150 | R150 | |
| Certificate of patent or registration of utility modelJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150R150 | R150 | |
| First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61A61 | A61 | |
| Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01A01 | A01 | |
| Decision of grant or rejection writtenTRDD | TRDD | |
| Written amendmentJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523A521 | A521 | |
| Written permission of extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602A602 | A602 | |
| Written request for extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601A601 | A601 | |
| Written permission of extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A602A602 | A602 | |
| Written request for extension of timeJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A601A601 | A601 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 5166403
- Publication, DOCDB
- 5166403
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP5166403B
- Application
- 2009507966
- Application, DOCDB
- 2009507966
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20090507966
Titles2
- Japanese
- パルス間デューティサイクリング
- English
- Pulse-to-pulse duty cycling
Classification
- CPC, 13
- H04B1/7174
- H03K9/04
- H04B1/71632
- H04R25/554
- H04R25/558
- H04R27/00
- H04R2225/33
- H04R2225/55
- H04R2227/003
- H04R2420/07
- H04B7/24
- H03K9/08
- H04L27/00
- IPC, 2
- H04B1 7163
- H04B1 717