Conductive materials
Abstract
This record has no abstract on file.
Term
Term ended
Expired 3 December 2019, 6.8 years ago.
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12 claims: 9 independent, 3 dependent
- 1細かく分割された カーボンブラック が 脂肪族ポリウレタン キャリア中に均一に分散され、乾燥重量の80%ないし25%であるキャリアレベルに対し、カーボンブラックレベルが乾燥重量の20%ないし乾燥重量の75%であり、かつポリプロピレングリコール類及びポリエチレングリコール類からなる群から選択される吸着防止化合物を含む電気的に加熱可能な材料 によって形成されたコーティングが柔軟性キャリアに直接形成されることを特徴とする導電性ヒーターの目的に利用できる柔軟性ファブリック 。
- 2前記柔軟性ファブリックが編みコットン材料であ ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の 柔軟性 ファブリック。
- 3前記柔軟性ファブリックが横編みポリビニルアルコールファブリックである ことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の 柔軟性 ファブリック。
- 4乾燥重量の80%ないし60%のキャリアレベルに対し乾燥重量の20%ないし40%のカーボンブラックレベルを使用す ることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の 柔軟性 ファブリック。
- 5半導体フィルムまたはコーティングが、乾燥重量57%ないし27%のポリマーレベルに対し乾燥重量43%ないし73%のカーボンブラックレベルを持つカーボンブラック充填脂肪族ポリウレタンポリマーを含む ことを特徴とする請求項1ないし4のいずれか1項に記載の 柔軟性 ファブリック。
- 6前記カーボンブラックレベルは、ポリマーの乾燥重量43%に対し、57%の乾燥重量であ ることを特徴とする 請求項5に記載の 柔軟性ファブリック。
- 7細かく分割されたカーボンブラックが脂肪族ポリウレタンキャリア中に均一に分散され、乾燥重量の80%ないし25%であるキャリアレベルに対し、カーボンブラックレベルが乾燥重量の20%ないし乾燥重量の75%であり、かつポリプロピレングリコール類及びポリエチレングリコール類からなる群から選択される吸着防止化合物を含む電気的に加熱可能な材料によって形成された最終化合物で剥離紙を被覆し、さらに該一定量の最終化合物を該コーティング上に広げ、該剥離紙を柔軟なファブリックキャリアシート又はウェブに載せ、その複合体を、固定ギャップローラーに通し、該化合物を該シート又はウェブのファブリック中に前記化合物を制御して浸透させ、その後、該シート又はウェブを、110°Cから150°Cに漸次加熱して、溶媒を制御しながら放出させ、ピンホールの無いフィルムのコーティングを提供す ることを特徴とする柔軟性ファブリック の製造方法 。
- 8前記柔軟性ファブリックが編み コットン材料 であることを特徴とする請求項 7 に記載の 方法 。
- 9前記柔軟性ファブリックが横編みポリビニルアルコールファブリックであ ることを特徴とする 請求項7に記載の 方法。
- 10乾燥重量の80%ないし60%のキャリアレベルに対し乾燥重量の20%ないし40%のカーボンブラックレベルを使用す ることを特徴とする請求項 7 に記載の方法。
- 11半導体フィルムまたはコーティングが、乾燥重量57%ないし27%のポリマーレベルに対し乾燥重量43%ないし73%のカーボンブラックレベルを持つカーボンブラック充填脂肪族ポリウレタンポリマーを含む ことを特徴とする請求項 7ないし10のいずれか1項 に記載の方法。
- 12前記カーボンブラックレベルは、ポリマーの乾燥重量43%に対し、57%の乾燥重量であることを特徴とする請求項11に記載の方法。
Independent claims12
1 paragraph, as filed
[0001] The present invention relates to conductive materials, and more particularly to conductive materials used for the purpose of heating means. [0002] It has long been known that conductive substances can generate heat. This phenomenon has resulted in a variety of heating methods for a variety of purposes. [0003] Large electric heaters are generally useful and have been more successful than their intended purpose, but have the effect of uniformly heating a wide area where there are virtually no hot or cold spots, or those areas. It was difficult to obtain. [0004] For this reason, attempts have been made to manufacture sheet or web-shaped electric heaters that can be used for a wide range of purposes. However, the most useful shape as a conductive material is carbon particles or carbon black embedded or coated in a carrier or substrate. Higher density or higher concentration carbon particles are used to obtain a uniform heating effect, but the direct result is that the material is less flexible and more brittle, so it can be widely used. It hinders the application to materials. [0005] A first object of the present invention is to provide a starting or batch material that can be used in a variety of physical shapes suitable for a variety of conductive heaters. [0006] A second and other object of the present invention is to transform a starting or batch material into a product that is a conductive heater suitable for various purposes. [0007] According to the first aspect of the present invention<u style="single">Semi-flexible</u>Conductive material is elastomer<u style="single">polymer</u>Finely dispersed carbon particles dispersed therein, with a dry weight of 80% to 25%.<u style="single">Elastomer polymer</u>Contains 20% to 75% carbon particle level by dry weight relative to level<u style="single">This material contains anti-adsorption compounds</u>.. [0008] Carbon particle levels of 20% to 40% dry weight are available for carrier levels of 80% to 60% dry weight. [0009] According to another feature of the invention, the semi-conductive film or coating is a carbon-filled elastomer polymer, preferably at a dry weight of 43% to 73% carbon particle level relative to a dry weight of 57% to 27% polymer level. Contains a polymer having a dry weight of 60% relative to a dry weight of 65%. More preferably, the carbon particle level is 57% dry weight. [0010] The elastomeric polymer is an aliphatic polyurethane solution, preferably the carbon particles are mixed without being milled before it is added to the polyurethane solution. [0011] Flame-retardant materials may be provided where required for special applications. [0012] According to another aspect of the invention<u style="single">Semi-flexible</u>A suitable compound formation method for conductive heaters is to stir the fine carbon particles into a volimmer base containing an anti-adsorption compound, and the dry weight of the polymer is 80% to 25%, while the dry weight of the carbon particles is 20% to 75%. To obtain a level, the obtained mixture is subjected to a predetermined high-speed stirring for a predetermined time while maintaining a mixture below a predetermined level, and the carbon particles are ground to a predetermined final fineness. The prescribed level does not exceed 25 ° C. [0013] The required carbon particle level is 20% to 40% dry weight relative to the polymer level, preferably the carbon level is 43% to 73% dry weight relative to the polymer, and even more preferably dry weight. Is 57%. [0014] The resulting mixture exhibits thixotropic flow properties and, if desired, the viscosity of the mixture can be reduced by the addition of a suitable solvent such as, for example, dimethylformamide. [0015] Preferably, the carbon black particles have a particle size of about 30 En nm. Suitable adsorption<u style="single">Preventive compound</u>Can be selected from the group comprising polypropylene glycol and polyethylene glycol of the required molecular weight. After completion of this step, a suitable polymer solution, such as aliphatic polyurethane, is added to the masterbatch such that the ratio of polymer to carbon black is 1: 0.57 in the dry state. The final compound is then refiltered before being subjected to the coating process. [0016] The duration of slow stirring of carbon black is not important, but high speed stirring should not exceed 30 minutes. [0017] Immediately after preparing the mixture, take a sample, pass it through a 200 mesh filter, preferably using a low pressure replacement pump and check using a Heckman gauge, no agglomeration of carbon particles during mixing. Make sure that. If agglomeration is detected, the mixture is further agitated at high speed. [0018] Preferably, the prepared starting or batch material is subjected to the final filtration step by passing the mixture through a 300 mesh filter cloth, eg, using a low speed, low pressure positive displacement pump, at which point residue remains on the filter cloth. It is necessary to make sure that only the residual aggregates of carbon particles are present. [0019] When the raw material or batch material utilizes dimethylformamide as a solvent and polyethylene or polyethylene glycol as a polymer base, it constitutes an ideal material to be used as a coating or base or carrier material. [0020] According to another aspect of the invention, the web or sheet applies a certain amount of the above final compound to the release paper by a transfer coating technique, uniform coating of the compound in the range of 90-100 g dry weight per square meter. Alternatively, a film is obtained, followed by gradual heating of the web or sheet from 110 ° C to 150 ° C, which is formed by controlling the solvent and flying to obtain a pinhole-free coating or film. [0021] [0021] Since the heating effect thus obtained, such as electrical conductivity, is a function of the thickness of the coating or film, the above steps are repeated until the desired coating or film thickness is obtained. [0022] At this stage, great care must be taken to ensure that there is no reticulation, and it is desirable that the final compound be applied on the stripper using a doctor blade, as well as for the blade. It is important to ensure that the edges are free of dirt and debris and to prevent the formation and spread of pit lines in the coating or film. [0023] Desirably, the release paper is matte grade and is a non-embossed silicone coated paper. [0024] According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a flexible fabric that can be used for the purpose of a conductive heater is a release paper in which a certain amount of final compound is allowed to act on a release paper having a final compound coating that covers the release paper. Is placed on a flexible fabric carrier sheet or web, the composite is passed through a fixed gap roller, the compound is controlledly permeated into the fabric of the sheet or web, and then the sheet or web is passed. It is formed by gradually heating from 110 ° C to 150 ° C and releasing the solvent in a controlled manner to obtain a coating of the film without pinholes. The final compound coating can also be applied directly to the fabric carrier. [0025] Such a sheet or web has a suitable length and width within the range of fixed gap rollers utilized. [0026] Due to the properties of the coating or film, even the substantially overall spread of carbon black loaded in the polymeric material is wider than previously believed, but at the same time the fabric with the film or coat is generally flexible. I'm leaving. [0027] The fabric is a woven cotton material, which can be a suitable shape, such as a wefted polyvinyl alcohol fabric. [0028] The method of preparing a compound and its application to carriers is such as to provide a visually smooth coating or film. However, the coating has roughness at the microscopic level, and irregularities due to carbon particles are formed on the exposed surface. It is also important to pay special attention to the preparation of electrical connections to the coating or film. [0029] According to yet another aspect of the invention, electrical connection to a coating or film combined with carbon particles is conductive with a nickel compound first sprayed onto the coating or film region and then silver loaded onto the sprayed region. It is formed by applying a tin-copper tape coated with a sex adhesive. Once the electrical connection is installed, the seat or web can be connected to a suitable power source that substantially guarantees that there is no short circuit or arc discharge in the electrical connection, thereby no damage due to the occurrence of hot spots. [0030] For some sheet or web applications, electrical connections are provided over long, long distances to opposite ends and are uniform to a wide range of coatings or films by placing conductive rails on silver-loaded conductive tape. Even power input can be assisted. Desirably, the conductive rail is coated with an anti-bonding compound, preferably wider than the rail. [0031] An important aspect of the present invention is that a uniform heating effect obtained on the coating or film is possible at a relatively low voltage, eg 24 volts, and the width between the electrodes or rails and the thickness of the coating or film. It is to be able to achieve and maintain a constant temperature at any level required to achieve a particular purpose by controlling the voltage. [0032] In the form of flexible sheets or webs, the outer insulating layer can be sprayed to form a water / liquid resistant electrode insulator. Suitable materials are polyurethane, silicone or acrylic elastomers. The present invention has a great variety of uses. It can be wrapped around an object to maintain its temperature, or at the same time it can be combined with a cloth suitable for use in extremely cold regions to maintain the temperature of the wearer. [0033] However, this fabric is extremely useful when used in the medical field. Combined with a mattress or blanket on the operating table or bed in the recovery room, it can raise or maintain the patient's temperature after surgery. [0034] This fabric can be used in sleeping bags or transport bags suitable for use in services provided by paramedics aimed at urgently saving victims of accidents suffering from high fever. [0035] Even for such use, it is safe for the user as a whole that the required voltage is low. The voltage and the thickness of the coating or film can determine the maximum and constant temperature over the entire width and overall length of the fabric. [0036] Power is supplied to the conductive heater until the required temperature is obtained, and then the temperature is maintained by appropriately turning the switch arrangement on and off as needed. However, the power is preferably supplied as a series of pulses for a period of time with a disconnection time during which the power is interrupted for a predetermined period of time and the temperature is detected. Regardless of the form of the power source, the present invention makes the power available extremely effectively. [0037] By controlling the spacing between the electrodes and the thickness of the coating, the maximum temperature can be controlled by voltage control, and a predetermined maximum temperature suitable for a specific application can be obtained within a reasonable time from the power input. It is also a very beneficial feature to be able to achieve and then control and maintain the temperature to a predetermined level. This is extremely important not only in the medical field but also in the food industry, especially in the food processing industry where the required temperature must be quickly obtained and maintained. [0038] In addition to its use in combination with flexible fabrics, the compounds can be used in a variety of ways. For example, it could be sprayed onto a product, thereby providing uniform heat to the entire surface of a complex product. The compound can be screen printed on the surface of the support or coated directly on the front of the product. At the same time, it can be calendared with dried compounds or hot melt coated to make flexible sheets, or powder coating techniques can be applied to make heatable laminates. [0040] In FIG. 1, the blanket or mat 1 has a core portion 2 formed of a conductive material 3 on a fabric support 4. This conductive material is made by the method described above and applied to the fabric layer as a continuous coating, each coating passing through an oven or a series of ovens prior to subsequent coatings from 110 ° C to 150 °. Heated to C. For medical use, the coating is 144 microns thick. The conductive material 3 on the fabric support 4 is overlaid with an electrical insulator layer 5, and both layers have a thickness on the back side or the non-working side 7 that is thicker than that on the front side or the working side 8. Wrapped in flammable insulator 6. [0041] All components are wrapped in an outer casting 9 of polyurethane material, the edges of which completely seal the entire perimeter of the blanket or mattress, and the blanket or mattress is fully waterproof and easy. Can be washed and sterilized. [0042] On the conductive material 3 and under the electrical insulating layer 5, conductive rails 10 are arranged on the two longer sides along the edges of the conductive material, as shown specifically in FIG. There is. For medical use, the distance between the rails would be 460 mm. [0043] It is especially important to install guaranteed electrical connections on the conductive rails and arc discharge or short circuits of the power supply should be avoided. Another important factor is the supply of current to the conductive material in the blanket or mattress, which is the length of the conductive material to be occupied by the conductive rail 10 and as shown in FIGS. 1, 3 and 4. A nickel coating 11 is applied to the width, on which a silver load adhesive tape 12 is applied, to which the rail 10 is attached. The anti-junction compound 13 is coated to ensure that there is no arc discharge on the rail 10. Through a common opening in the conductive layer, the nickel coating and adhesive tape extend to the conductive stud 14, which extends to the stud base 15 soldered to the back of the conductive material 3, and the stud is capped through a fabric lining. As per 16, the cap is clipped to provide a connection to the electrical lead 17. FIG. 5 is a development view showing the connection. [0044] As shown in Figure 2, the thermistor or thermistor 18 selected for a particular use of blanket or mattress (thermistor is suitable for sensitive applications, thermocoupler is suitable for more demanding use) Intentionally placed on the conductive material, the leads extend to the connection 19. As shown in FIG. 5, there is a control unit 20 extending from which the electrode wire 21 for the conductive stud 14 extends, and the lead extending to one of the conductive studs 14 is a one-time or resettable fuse 22. Is placed. [0045] The blankets or mattresses described above are ideally suitable for medical use as mattresses or overlays for on-site operating tables, or recovery beds in recovery rooms, or blankets for patients. In this case, a more sensitive thermistor would be used to detect the temperature of the overlay mattress or blanket. As shown in FIG. 5, the overlay mattress or blanket is connected to the control unit 23, which in turn is connected to the transformer unit 24, which itself is connected to the main power source. This provides a low voltage, preferably 24 volts, to the overlay mattress or blanket. [0046] Figure 5 is a block diagram of the electrical circuit from the main power source to the blanket or mattress. The transformer unit 24 has a main input that leads the filter 25 and the low voltage transformer 26. This ensures the supply of 24 volt voltage to the control unit 23. From here, power is supplied to the switching circuit 27, which further leads to the overtemperature isolation circuit 28, from which power is output suitable for connection to the overlay mattress or blanket as described above. At the same time, power is also supplied to the control module 29 having the temperature control means 30 and output to the visual alarm 31, the audio alarm 32, and the switching circuit 27. The temperature sensing thermistor (or thermocoupler) 18 on the overlay mattress or blanket is connected to the control unit 23 and signals the temperature isolation circuit 28 that displays the temperature. The alarm test 33 is provided on this unit, and the alarm test is connected to the control module and can simulate the overtemperature condition. [0047] Just before operation, the temperature control means warm blanket or mattress needs degree, is typically set at human body temperature. The transformer unit, control unit and overlay mattress / blanket are connected to the main power supply, and an alarm test is activated to confirm that all circuits are operating. [0048] A switching circuit is a circuit that powers the overlay mattress or blanket at the start for a set amount of time, typically 1 minute, and then switches off for a set amount of time, typically 10 seconds. .. While the power is switched off, the temperature detected by the thermistor 18 is transmitted to the overtemperature isolation circuit 28 via the control module 29, and if the detected temperature is lower than the set temperature, the detected temperature is required. Repeatedly switch the power on and off until the blanket or mattress temperature is reached. In such situations, the power is turned off until a drop in blanket or mattress temperature is detected. [0049] For patients on an overlaid mattress or wrapped in a blanket, a drop in body temperature leads to heat extraction from the mattress or blanket, which is immediately sensed by the thermistor and the signal is transmitted to the overtemperature control circuit. Is switched on and power is pulsed until the temperature of the blanket or mattress returns to the set level. [0050] Due to the advantages of the method of making carbon-bearing materials in carbon over polymer density, and the consequent advantages of application to support fabrics, there are virtually no hot or cold spots and the entire area of the blanket is heated substantially uniformly. As a result, the patient's body temperature can be systemically supported for the entire length and width of the patient, ensuring the maintenance of body temperature control that is important for the patient during and subsequent recovery periods. [0051] In the most unfavorable situations, such as when the blanket or mattress heats up, both visual and audio alarms are activated, and the overtemperature isolation circuit switches to block further power supply to the blanket or mattress. To prevent overtemperature due to a temporary power surge, the excess temperature detected during the first 10 seconds after the power is switched off is ignored, and the switch is turned off for temperature detection. The alarm is activated and the temperature isolation circuit is activated only when excess temperature is detected during the second two consecutive periods. [0052] The above structures for blankets or mattresses and their controls are ideal for medical applications, but can also be used for other industrial applications without substantial modification. [0053] As illustrated in FIGS. 6 and 7, a general rectangular structure 34 having substantially the same properties as those illustrated in FIG. 1 can be used to enclose an object 35 that requires heating. [0054] This object may be a hot water tank for residential use, and the uniform heat curing is provided over the entire length, so that cold water can be heated more quickly and the water temperature in the tank can be maintained more efficiently, which greatly saves power consumption. There will be advantages. [0055] The object may be a pipe, for example a pipe in the food industry, in which case the present invention provides a means of retaining heat in the pipe through which the heated and mobilized food material flows and equipment that uniformly heats the entire length of the pipe. This is important not only for normal work, but also when the food material solidifies for any reason and the work must be interrupted. In this case, oil-based products solidified in the pipeline are the main problem. In the present invention, a device for heating the blanket is used to ease and quickly reheat the food weight loss to return it to a liquid state and restart the flow. [0056] The object may be an outdoor object in a very cold area, such as a valve or pump, in which case it is wrapped by the substance of the invention to a temperature at which they can function normally even if the ambient temperature drops. Can be kept. [Simple explanation of drawings] [Figure 1] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional perspective view of a part of a mattress or blanket containing the conductive material according to the present invention. FIG. 2 is a schematic plan view of the mattress or blanket of FIG. FIG. 3 is a top view of an electrical connection connected to a conductive material. FIG. 4 is a developed perspective view of the electrical connection of FIG. FIG. 5 is an electrical block diagram illustrating an electrical circuit for heating the inside of a conductive material and keeping it at a constant temperature. FIG. 6 is a schematic illustration of the blanket essentially shown in FIG. 1 formed to wrap or surround a structure or pipe. FIG. 7 is another schematic illustration of the blanket essentially shown in FIG. 1 formed to wrap or surround a structure or pipe. [Explanation of symbols] 1 ... Matt 2 ... core part 3 ... Conductive material 4 ... Fabric support 5 ... Electrical insulation layer 6 ... Flame-retardant insulator 7 ... non-working side 8 ... Acting side 9 ... outside casting 10 ... Conductive rail 11 ... Nickel coating 13 ... Antijunction compound 14 ... Conductive studs 15 ... stud base 16 ... cap 17 ... Electric lead
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN106376110A | Cited by | China | Search report |
| JPH028258A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
| JPH1017712A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
| JPS57159812A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
| JPS61253708A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
| JP02008258A | Cites | Japan | – |
| JP61253708A | Cites | Japan | – |
| JP10017712A | Cites | Japan | – |
| JP57159812A | Cites | Japan | – |
17 members in 9 offices
Priority claims14
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 9826596 | United Kingdom | A | |
| 9826596 | United Kingdom | A | |
| 98265960 | United Kingdom | – | |
| 9908504 | United Kingdom | A | |
| 9908504 | United Kingdom | A | |
| 99085045 | United Kingdom | – | |
| 9904087 | United Kingdom | W | |
| 9904087 | United Kingdom | W | |
| 19989826596 | – | – | – |
| 19999908504 | – | – | – |
| 1999004087 | – | – | – |
| GB19980026596 | – | – | – |
| GB19990008504 | – | – | – |
| WO1999GB04087 | – | – | – |
Members17
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2353456A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO0034959A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| AU1576300A | Australia | A | |
| EP1127356A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| CN1338107A | China | A | |
| HK1041099A | Hong Kong, China | A | |
| JP2002532822A | Japan | A | |
| US6814889B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| US2005077287A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6974935B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN1242421C | China | C | |
| HK1041099B | Hong Kong, China | B | |
| CA2353456C | Canada | C | |
| EP1127356B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT522911T | Austria | T | |
| ATE522911T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| JP4846904B2This record | Japan | B2 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 4846904
- Publication, DOCDB
- 4846904
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP4846904B
- Application
- 2000587339
- Application, DOCDB
- 2000587339
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20000587339
Titles2
- Japanese
- 導電性材料
- English
- Conductive material
Classification
- CPC, 4
- H05B3/146
- C08K3/04
- H01B1/24
- H05B3/145
- IPC, 9
- H01B1 24
- C08J3 20
- C08K3 04
- C08L71 02
- C08L75 04
- H05B3 00
- H05B3 14
- H05B3 20
- C08L21 00