Blood collection device with needle protection

[0001] [Technical field to which the invention belongs] The present invention relates to a medical device comprising a fluid sampling or injection needle and a hinged covering member that safely surrounds the medical device. [0002] [Conventional technology] Disposable medical devices equipped with puncture members for drug administration or fluid collection, such as hypodermic needles, blood collection needles, fluid treatment needles and their assemblies, are required to be safe and convenient to handle. The puncture member includes, for example, a pointed needle-shaped cannula or a blunt-ended cannula. [0003] The medical devices described above often have a pair of flexible plastic wings attached to the hub or in the vicinity of the hub. The wings are bendable to engage with each other, forming a convenient grip for gripping the needle-like cannula. The wings can be rotated so as to be separated from each other, and can also be taped so as to be in contact with the patient's skin. [0004] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] Accidental sticking of the needle-shaped cannula into the skin is painful and can cause infections. Therefore, most acicular cannulas are provided with rigid means that surround the acicular cannula both before and after use. Pre-use protection is typically provided by a rigid plastic tube having a proximal end attached to the needle hub for frictional engagement and a distal end extending beyond the distal end of the needle-like cannula. The plastic tubing is removed and discarded shortly before use of the needle cannula. Post-use protection for the needle cannula is typically movable relative to the needle cannula from the first position where the needle is exposed to the second position where the needle cannula is safely covered within the covering member. It is done by the covering member. Such a covering member is generally provided with a means for holding the covering member in a first position so that it can be released and holding the covering member more safely in the second position. Holding the covering member in the second position prevents accidental re-exposure of the needle-like cannula after use. Also, preferably, the reuse of the needle-shaped cannula is prevented or substantially difficult. [0005] As described above, it is desired to develop a medical device having a reliable coating and easy handling. [0006] [Means for solving problems] The present invention relates to fluid sampling or infusion kits. Fluid sampling or infusion kits include a flexible plastic tube of constant length with a proximal and distal end and a passage extending between both ends thereof. The connector is securely connected to the base end of the flexible plastic tube. [0007] The fluid sampling or infusion kit includes a safety needle assembly that is securely attached to the tip of the flexible tube. The needle assembly comprises a needle hub having a base end, a tip and a passage extending between the ends. A portion of the passage adjacent to the base end of the hub is shaped to securely engage the tip of the flexible plastic tube. [0008] The needle assembly further comprises a needle-like cannula having a proximal end, a distal end, and a lumen extending between the ends at both ends thereof. The base end of the needle-shaped cannula is securely attached to the tip of the needle hub so that the lumen in the needle-shaped cannula communicates with the passage in the needle hub and the passage in the flexible tube. The needle assembly may also be provided with a needle protector that is detachably attached to the needle-shaped cannula and has a length that sufficiently covers the tip of the needle-shaped cannula. [0009] Further, the needle assembly is provided with a pair of flexible blade portions extending laterally with respect to the needle hub. The wing portion may be formed separately from the needle hub and attached to a part of the needle hub. In this case, the needle hub may be made of a first plastic material selected from the viewpoint of rigidity, and the wing portion may be made of a second plastic material selected from the viewpoint of flexibility. Alternatively, the wing portion may be integrally formed with the hub, and a thin portion of the wing portion adjacent to the hub may function as a hinge portion. [0010] The needle assembly was also rotatably hinged to the needle hub from a first position where the needle cannula was exposed for use to a second position where the needle cannula was safely enclosed within the covering member. A safety covering member may be provided. The covering member may be provided with means for permanently locking the covering member at the second position. The locking means may be provided with at least one elastically deformable cannula finger locking portion that snap-engages with the needle-shaped cannula when the covering member reaches the second position. Alternatively, as a member in place of this, or as a member added thereto, a means for locking and engaging with the needle hub and / or the plastic tube may be provided as the locking means. [0011] The locking means may be configured to include a first locking means that releasably holds the covering member at the first position and a second locking means that permanently holds the covering member at the second position. The first locking means functions to prevent the covering member from interfering with the normal use of the needle assembly. The second locking means permanently covers the used needle-shaped cannula, thereby substantially preventing intentional or inadvertent re-exposure of the used needle-shaped cannula. [0012] The covering member may be hinged so as to rotate about an axis orthogonal to the needle-shaped cannula. The covering member may be configured so that when the blades are rotated on both sides of the hub facing each other until they are substantially on the same plane, the axis of rotation is substantially parallel to the blade. Alternatively, when the wing portions are on the same surface and project from the opposite lateral sides of the needle hub, the rotation axis of the covering member may be positioned so as to be substantially orthogonal to the wing portion. [0013] Further, the needle assembly may be provided with an urging means for urging the covering member toward the second position. The urging means may be integrally formed so as to hinge the needle assembly and the covering member. That is, in the initial state, an urging means as an overcenter hinge member that urges the covering member toward the first position may be provided. When the covering member is sufficiently rotated, the overcenter hinge member moves to a position where the covering member is urged to the second position. Alternatively, the urging means may consist of a separate spring having a first portion attached to the needle hub and a second portion attached to a predetermined position on the covering member. Alternatively, the spring may be connected to the covering member and the hub at a position away from the hinge connecting portion between the covering member and the hub. [0014] Further, the needle assembly may be provided with a dorsal fin protruding from the needle hub at a position separated from the wing portion by a predetermined angle. The dorsal fin is used to facilitate finger manipulation of the needle assembly during medical practice. The dorsal fin may be provided with a covering member, or the dorsal fin may be connected to the covering member. In this way, when an external force is applied to the dorsal fin after use of the needle assembly, the covering member moves from the first position to the second position. [0015] BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION The fluid sampling / injection kit according to the first embodiment of the present invention is shown by reference numeral 10 in FIGS. 1 to 3. The fluid collection / injection kit 10 includes a constant length flexible plastic tube 12, a proximal attachment 14, a needle assembly 16, a winged grip 18, and a covering member 20. [0016] The tube 12 includes a base end 26, a tip 28, and a passage extending between both ends. The tube 12 may be a conventional venous tube used in a conventional blood collection kit or infusion kit. The base end side connector 14 is integrally molded with a plastic material and has a base end portion 30, a tip portion 32, and a passage extending between both ends. A part of the passage adjacent to the tip portion 32 is shaped so that the base end portion 26 of the tube 12 is securely fitted so that the passage of the tube 12 communicates with the passage of the base end side connector 14. The tube 12 and the base end side connector 14 are permanently connected by an adhesive, an adhesive, or the like. The base end 30 of the connector 14 acts as a female luer connector that can be connected to a suitable male lure connector. The male luer connector may be provided with a proximal needle-like cannula that is communicable with the vacuum tube. Alternatively, a male luer connector provided at the tip of a conventional syringe can be directly connected to the proximal end side connector 14 to administer the patient. In this case, it is also possible to use a separate male luer connector to close the base end of the connector 14. Other fittings may be screwed into the base end side connector 14 to achieve a predetermined purpose. In addition, a specific purpose may be achieved by using a base end side connector having another shape. [0017] The needle assembly 16 includes a needle cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and a needle protector 38. The needle-shaped cannula 34 includes a base end 40, a tip 42, and a lumen 44 extending between both ends. The tip 42 of the needle-shaped cannula 34 is chamfered to form a sharp tip. [0018] The needle hub 36 is integrally molded from a plastic material such as polycarbonate, polypropylene, polyethylene, acrylic acid, polystyrene, and ABS resin. The needle hub 36 is preferably molded from a transparent or translucent material so that blood or other fluid flowing through the needle hub 36 can be observed. The needle hub 36 has a base end 46, a tip 48, and a stepped passage (not shown) extending between both ends. A part of the passage adjacent to the base end portion 46 is formed so as to allow the tip end portion 28 of the tube 12 to be inserted. That is, the tip 28 of the tube 12 is fitted into the passage of the needle hub 36 and is coupled at a position adjacent to the base end 46 of the needle hub 36. A part of the passage adjacent to the tip 48 of the needle hub 36 is formed so as to slidably accept the base end 40 of the needle-shaped cannula 34. That is, the base end 40 of the needle-shaped cannula 34 is permanently joined to the needle hub 36 by epoxy resin and / or mechanical bonding. [0019] The needle protector 38 is a rigid tubular tube having a length exceeding the length of the needle-shaped cannula 34 protruding from the needle hub 36. The needle protector 38 has an inner diameter dimension substantially equal to the outer diameter of the tip portion of the needle hub 36. With such a configuration, the needle protector 38 outers the needle-shaped cannula 34 and is frictionally held at the tip of the needle hub 36. [0020] The winged grip 18 is molded using an elastic material such as polyolefin, polyvinyl chloride, or other elastomeric polymer. The winged grip 18 has flexible wing portions 54, 55 and a tubular attachment portion. The tubular mounting portion is provided with an inner passage having a dimension that closely engages with the needle hub 36. Locking holes 57 and 58 are provided in the wings 54 and 55, respectively. [0021] [0021] The safety covering member 20 of the first embodiment is provided with a base end portion 60, a tip end portion 62, and a substantially U-shaped passage 63 extending from the tip end portion 62 toward the base end portion 60. The base end portion 60 of the covering member 20 is hinged to the needle hub 36 at a position close to the base end portion 46 of the needle hub 36. That is, the covering member 20 and the needle hub 36 are integrally molded, and by the hinge connection between the covering member 20 and the needle hub 36, an integral hinge is provided at or near the base end portion 60 of the covering member 20. It may be formed. Alternatively, the base end portion 46 of the needle hub 36 may form a hinge member that can be snap-engaged with the hinge member of the other party at the base end portion 60 of the covering member 20. The passage 63 of the covering member 20 has a cross-sectional dimension into which the needle-shaped cannula 34 can be inserted. Further, the tip 62 of the covering member 20 is arranged at a position separated from the base 60 by a distance larger than the distance between the base 46 of the needle hub 36 and the tip 42 of the needle-shaped cannula 34. You may. With such a configuration, as shown in FIG. 1, the covering member 20 is safely covered with the needle-shaped cannula 34 from the first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is sufficiently exposed for use, as shown in FIG. It becomes possible to rotate to the second position. [0022] The covering member 20 has a structure for locking the covering member 20 at a second position substantially surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34. That is, as shown in FIG. 1, the covering member 20 is formed with tabs 64 and 65 projecting laterally from the base end portion of the covering member 20. The tabs 64 and 65 are provided with an operation surface at a position that is large enough to receive the pressing force applied by the finger and is easy to operate in order to rotate the covering member 20 from the first position to the second position. There is. The locking finger portions 67,68 project firmly from a predetermined portion of the tabs 64,65 facing the wing portions 54,55. The locking finger portions 67 and 68 are provided with locking detent members 70 and 71 at positions separated from the tabs 64 and 65 by a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the wing portions 54 and 55. The locking finger portions 67,68 are arranged at a position where they can be fitted into the locking holes 57,58 provided in the wing portions 54,55, and have such dimensions. The wing portions 54, 55 and the locking finger portions 67, 68 are slightly deformed in response to an external force that moves the covering member 20 to a second position surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34. When the covering member 20 is sufficiently rotated, the locking detent member 70 is completely fitted into the locking holes 57 and 58 provided in the blade portions 54 and 55, respectively. As a result, the wing portions 54,55 and the locking finger portions 67,68 securely lock the covering member 20 in the second position surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34, and prevent the needle-shaped cannula 34 from being reused. In addition, it will be elastically restored to a state where it cannot be elastically deformed any more. When the covering member 20 is in the second position, it has a shape that engages with the cannula 34, and the cannula finger locking portion formed in the passage 63 is used as a supplementary member for the locking finger portions 67 and 68. It may be provided. [0023] A second embodiment of the needle assembly of the present invention will be described with reference to FIG. The second embodiment is substantially the same in structure and function as the first embodiment. Therefore, the same parts are represented by the same reference numerals, and detailed description thereof will be omitted. The second embodiment is different from the first embodiment in that the blade portions 54 and 55 are not provided with locking holes. Further, the tabs 64a and 65a have a proximal-tip dimension that is larger than the tabs 64 and 65 of the first embodiment and larger than the proximal-tip dimension of the wing 54,55. The two locking finger portions 72,74 are sized so as to project from the tab 64a and engage the proximal and distal edge portions of the wing 54a. Two locking fingers of the same shape (not shown) project from the wing 55. With such a configuration, each of the wings 54, 55 engages in two positions, as most clearly shown in FIG. 4, holding the covering member 20 securely in the second position surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34. Will be done. Similar to the first embodiment, the cannula locking member may be provided as a supplementary member for the wing locking fingers 72 and 74. [0024] As shown in FIG. 5, the needle assembly of the third embodiment has a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54, 55, which are substantially the same as those of the first embodiment. At least the wing portion 54 is provided with a locking hole 58 similar to that of the first embodiment. The covering member 20 is hinged to the needle hub 36 and is rotatable from the first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed to the second position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is covered, as in the first embodiment. It is configured in. The locking finger portion 68b protrudes from the covering member 20 and is inserted into the locking hole 56 of the wing portion 54. The locking finger portion 68b has a ratchet (stop) shape, and is different from the locking finger portions of the first and second embodiments in this respect. That is, the ratchet locking finger portion 68b extends firmly from the covering member 20 in an arc substantially concentric with the rotation axis of the covering member 20. The ratchet locking finger portion 68b is provided with a plurality of claws 82, each of which is shaped to slightly resist the forward movement of the covering member 20 and prevent the covering member from returning to the first position. .. The covering member 20 is held in the second position by a locking engagement with the claw 82 closest to the covering member 20. The covering member 20 can also be further held by the cannula finger locking portion. [0025] As shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, the fourth embodiment has a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54 and 55, substantially like the second embodiment. The covering member 20 is rotatably hinged to the needle hub 36 from the first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed to the second position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is covered. The covering member 20 includes an elongated hole 84 extending from the hinge connection portion toward the tip of the hub 36. The rigid dorsal fin 86 protrudes from the needle hub 36 at an equal angle distance from the wing 54. The dorsal fin 86 is arranged at a position where it passes through the elongated hole 84 so that the covering member 20 can rotate from the first position to the second position as a whole. The dorsal fin 86 is provided on both sides of the slot 84 to engage with each portion of the covering member 20 corresponding to each of the plurality of different rotation positions of the covering member 20 with respect to the needle cannula 34 and the needle hub 36. A plurality of arranged detent members are formed. In particular, the first detent member 88 has dimensions that allow the covering member 20 to be releasably held in the first position where the covering member 20 is separated from the needle-shaped cannula 34 and is rotatable. It is placed in a position. The final detent member 89 is arranged at a second position surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34 so as to permanently lock the covering member 20. One or more detent members may be provided between the first detent member 88 and the final detent member 89. Similar to the above-described embodiment, the engagement between the plurality of detent members provided on the dorsal fin 72 and the covering member 20 may be supplementarily performed by the cannula finger locking portion formed in the covering member 20. Good. [0026] As shown in FIGS. 8 to 10, the fifth embodiment has the needle-shaped cannula 34, the needle hub 36, the plastic tube 12 extending from the base end of the needle hub, and the needle hub 36, as in the second embodiment. It has wings 54,55 protruding from. The safety needle assembly shown in FIGS. 8 to 10 further includes a covering member 90 that is functionally similar to the covering member 20 illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 7. That is, the covering member 90 is hinged to the needle hub 36 so as to be rotatable from the first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed to the second position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is safely covered. ing. However, the covering member 90 is structurally different from the above-described embodiment. That is, the covering member 90 includes a base end portion 92, a tip end portion 94, and a hinge connecting portion 96 attached to the needle hub 36. An opening window 98 in which the needle hub 36 extends is formed in a part of the covering member 90 adjacent to the hinge connecting portion 96. The passage 100 extends between the opening window 96 and the tip portion 94, and is opened in the direction in which the needle-shaped cannula 34 is inserted, substantially similar to the above-described embodiment. Therefore, the distance between the hinge connection 96 and the tip 94 is set long enough to completely cover the needle-shaped cannula 34. A passage 102 having a size in which the plastic tube 12 can be inserted is formed at a predetermined portion of the covering member 90 between the opening window 98 and the base end portion 92. A plurality of elastic flexible tube-shaped locking portions 104 are formed in the passage 102. The tubular locking portion 104 is arranged at a position where it can be elastically deformed in response to contact with the flexible tube 12, and has such a dimension. On the other hand, the tubular locking portion 104 is elastically deformed when the covering member 90 reaches the second position in order to prevent the covering member 90 from returning to the first position, and is in a state before the elastic deformation. It is supposed to return to. Similar to other embodiments, a cannula finger locking portion may be provided in the passage 100 to more reliably lock the covering member 90 at the second position. [0027] The sixth embodiment, as in the other embodiments, has a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54, 55 protruding from the needle hub 36, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12. The covering member 110 is hinged to the needle hub 36 so that it can be moved from the first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed to the second position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is covered. However, the covering member 110 is not directly hinged to the needle hub 36. Specifically, the covering member 110 is hinged to a base 112 of the covering member securely attached to the base end portion 40 of the needle hub 36. A pair of latch members 114 arranged opposite to each other to engage with the covering member 110 in a locking manner when the covering member 110 rotates to the second position are formed on the base 112 of the covering member. There is. That is, the covering member 110 is a part of a structure integrally formed with the base 112 of the covering member and the latch member 114. Locking can be performed by the entire structure of the integrally formed covering member 110 and the base 112. Further, the covering member 110 may be provided with a cannula finger locking portion that additionally locks the covering member 110 to the needle-shaped cannula 34. [0028] Various aspects of the invention described above relate to structures that lock the covering member in a second position where the needle is safely covered. Another aspect of the invention relates to a structure for facilitating the movement of the covering member to the second position. That is, as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14, the needle assembly of the seventh embodiment of the present invention has a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54, 55, as in the above-described embodiment. The covering member 20 is hinged to the needle hub 36. That is, the base end portion 60 of the covering member 20 is integrally connected to the tip end portion 48 of the needle hub 36 by an overcenter hinge member represented by reference numeral 120. The hinge member 120 has a main hinge portion 122 and a segment leg portion 124 that connects a predetermined position of the hub 36 and the covering member 20 at a position away from the main hinge portion 122. The legs 124 are arranged at substantially right angles to each other when the covering member 20 is in the first position. When the covering member 20 rotates around the hinge member 120 from the first position to the second position, the leg portion 124 is urged so as to have a substantially flat angle. As the covering member 20 approaches the second position, the leg 124 extends beyond the maximum extension position and is urged into an initial right angle position for accelerating the covering member 20 to the second position. [0029] As shown in FIGS. 15 and 16, the eighth embodiment has a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54 and 55, as in the above-described embodiment. The safety needle assembly shown in FIGS. 15 and 16 further comprises a covering member 20 having an opposing base end 60 and a tip 62. The base end portion 60 of the covering member 20 is integrally joined to the tip end portion 48 of the hub 36 by an integrally formed hinge member 130. The hinge member 130 urges the covering member 20 so as to extend in a substantially linear direction toward the tip end side of the hub 36. On the other hand, the hinge member 130 makes the covering member 20 at an angle of approximately 180 ° so that the covering member 20 substantially abuts on the hub 36 and enables positioning at the first position with respect to the needle-shaped cannula 34 and the hub 36. Allows rotation in the proximal direction. [0030] The hub 36 further comprises a covering latch member 132 projecting from the proximal end 46 of the hub 36. The latch member 132 has a structure that engages with the tip portion 62 of the covering member 20 located at the first position. The operating lever 134 projects outward from the latch member 132, that is, toward the proximal end. By pressing the operating lever 134 with the thumb or index finger, the latch member 132 is sufficiently deformed, and as a result, the engagement state of the covering member 20 can be released. As a result, the hinge member 130 can be elastically stretched to the state before elastic deformation, and the covering member 20 can be advanced to the second position substantially surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34. As in other embodiments, the covering member 20 may be provided with at least one cannula finger latch portion to hold the covering member 20 at a position that holds and surrounds the cannula 34. [0031] As shown in FIGS. 17 and 18, the ninth embodiment is the same as the eighth embodiment in various functional aspects. That is, the needle assembly of the ninth embodiment includes a needle-shaped cannula 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54, 55, as described above. The covering member 20 is urged to a second position substantially surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34, and the covering member 20 is connected to the tip 48 of the hub 36 by an integrally formed hinge member 130. On the other hand, the hinge member 130 rotates the covering member 20 against the urging force of the hinge member 130, and as shown in FIG. 15, the first position where the covering member 20 is substantially perpendicular to the needle-shaped cannula 34. It is designed to allow you to move to. [0032] The dorsal fins 134 and 135 are erected with respect to the wings 54 and 55, respectively. The dorsal fins 134 and 135 have base ends 136 and 137 and tips 138 and 139, respectively. The dorsal fin 134 is connected to the wing portion 54 by a root portion 140 arranged at an intermediate position between the base end portion 136 and the tip end portion 138. The dorsal fin 135 is connected to the wing 55 by a similar root (not shown). The dorsal fins 134 and 135 are arranged parallel to each other with a sufficient distance so that the covering member 20 in the first position can be accommodated between the dorsal fins 134 and 135. The dorsal fins 134 and 135 are further formed with locking portions 142 on opposite surfaces. The locking portion 142 is arranged at a position where the covering member 20 at the first position is held in the locked state, and has such a shape. [0033] The needle assembly shown in FIGS. 17 and 18 is used by gripping the opposing dorsal fins 134,135 at the distal position of the root 140 to guide the needle cannula 34 to a target vessel or other fluid source. .. After sufficient fluid collection or injection, the needle-shaped cannula 34 will be withdrawn from the patient's blood vessels. Then, a part of the dorsal fin 134,135 adjacent to the proximal end 136,137 is pressed. Then, as a result of the dorsal fins 134 and 135 swinging around the root 140, the tip portions 138 and 139 of the dorsal fins 134 are separated from each other. As a result, the engagement state between the latch portion 142 and the covering member 20 is released, and the covering member 20 advances to the second position by the hinge member 130. Similar to the other embodiments, the cannula finger locking portion provided on the covering member 20 engages the cannula 34 with the covering member 20 in the second position. In this way, the needle can be covered by moving the position where the gripping force is applied from the position on the tip side of the dorsal fins 134 and 135 to the position on the base end side. [0034] In the 7th to 9th embodiments, the covering operation is performed by utilizing the inherent urging force of the integrally formed hinge member. On the other hand, in the tenth embodiment, a separate spring is used to facilitate the coating. That is, the needle assembly of the tenth embodiment of the present invention includes a needle-shaped cannula 34 and a needle hub 36, as shown in FIGS. 19 and 20. The needle hub 36 has a tip 48 from which the needle-shaped cannula 34 extends. The covering member 20 is hinged to the needle hub 36 at a position near the tip end portion 48 of the covering member 36. The covering member 20 is rotatably supported from a first position where the covering member 20 is separated from the needle-shaped cannula 34 to a second position that safely surrounds the needle-shaped cannula 34. The assembly of this embodiment further comprises a spring 150 having the same function as the overcenter leg 124 of the sixth embodiment and the urged hinge member 130 of the seventh and eighth embodiments. That is, the spring 150 extends from the needle hub 36 to the covering member 20. The spring 150 includes a base end 152 connected to the hub 36 and a tip 154 connected to the covering member 20. The spring 150 is located on one side of the hinge connection between the covering member 20 and the hub 36 when the covering member 20 is in the first position. In this state, the covering member 20 is held in the first position by the spring 150. The covering member 20 can be manually moved from the first position to the second position. This movement operation requires a user's external force that is greater than the urging force applied by the spring 150. By such a manual operation, the tip portion 152 of the spring 150 moves in an arc around the hinge connection portion between the covering member 20 and the hub 36. By sufficiently moving the covering member 20, the spring 150 moves over the hinge connection portion between the covering member 70 and the hub 36. At this point, the spring 150 assists the covering member 20 in moving toward the second position. The covering member 20 is provided with a cannula finger locking portion that engages with the needle-shaped cannula 34 when the covering member 20 reaches the second position. [0035] As shown in FIGS. 21 to 23, the eleventh embodiment of the present invention employs a spring having a form different from that of the tenth embodiment. That is, the needle assembly of the eleventh embodiment includes a needle 34, a needle hub 36, and wings 54, 55. The needle hub 36 has a tip 48 from which the needle-shaped cannula 34 extends. The covering member 20 is hinged to the tip 48 of the needle hub 36 and can be moved from the first position where the needle cannula 34 is exposed to the second position where the needle cannula 34 is covered. The dorsal fin 160 is firmly erected with respect to the hub 36 at equal angular distances between the wings 54, 55. The dorsal fin 160 is formed with a tip surface 162 and a locking detent portion 164 projecting from the tip surface 162 in the tip direction. The locking detent portion 164 has a structure that locks and engages with the covering member 20 at the first position. The torsion spring 166 is attached between the tip surface 162 of the dorsal fin 160 and the covering member 20 at a position adjacent to the tip 48 of the hub 36. When the covering member 20 engages with the locking detent portion 164, the torsion spring 166 is bent and is in a state in which elastic energy is stored. [0036] The needle assembly shown in FIGS. 21-23 can be used substantially as in the prior art by holding the dorsal fin 160 and guiding the needle-like cannula 34 to the target vessel. After the medical procedure is completed, the medical worker pulls out the needle-shaped cannula 34 from the blood vessel and applies an external force toward the tip 62 of the covering member 20. It is sufficient that the force applied to the covering member 20 is larger than the holding force of the locking detent portion 164. When such a force is applied, the torsion spring 166 releases the stored elastic energy, and the covering member 20 is displaced from the first position to the second position that safely surrounds the needle-shaped cannula 34. The torsion spring 166 will continue to apply an urging force to the covering member 20 in order to hold the covering member 20 in the second position. Further, in order to further strengthen the locking and holding of the covering member 20 at the second position, a cannula finger locking portion may be provided as shown in the above-described embodiment. [0037] The twelfth embodiment of the present invention is similar to the eleventh embodiment as shown in FIGS. 24 and 25. That is, the needle assembly of the twelfth embodiment has a needle 34 and a needle hub 36. The needle hub 36 includes a tip 48 and a needle-shaped cannula 34 extending from the tip 48. The wings 54 and 55 are formed so as to project laterally with respect to the hub 36. The needle covering member 170 is hinged to the tip 48 of the needle hub 36. Since the covering member 170 has the shape of a dorsal fin, it performs a function substantially similar to that of the dorsal fin 160 of the eleventh embodiment shown in FIGS. 19 to 21 described above. That is, the covering member 170 has a planar structure having a tip surface 172, and a long groove 174 is formed inside the tip surface 172. The groove 174 has dimensions and such a shape into which the needle-shaped cannula 34 can be inserted. A structure for locking the needle-shaped cannula 34 may be provided inside the groove 174. For example, one or more cannula finger locking portions may be provided. Further, the covering member 170 is provided with a structure in which the needle hub 36 and the base end portion of the covering member 170 are disengaged and engaged with each other. The disengageable engagements are the locking detent member corresponding to the locking detent member 164 of the eleventh embodiment, the latch portion corresponding to the latch portion 114 of the sixth embodiment shown in FIG. 10, and FIGS. It may be carried out by a structure corresponding to the over-center hinge structure of the seventh embodiment shown in the above, or by a bendable connection portion. In each of these arbitrary structures, the needle-shaped cannula 34 will be used by manipulating the covering member 170 in much the same manner as manipulating the dorsal fin 160 of the eleventh embodiment. After use, the needle-shaped cannula 34 is withdrawn from the patient's blood vessel, and then the healthcare professional applies an external force towards the proximal end of the covering member 170 towards the tip. As a result, the covering member 170 disengages from the needle hub 36, and the covering member 170 rotates around the hinge connecting portion connected to the tip 48 of the needle hub 36 and is covered and engaged so as to surround the needle-shaped cannula 34. To. [0038] The thirteenth embodiment of the present invention includes a needle hub 36 and a needle-shaped cannula 34 protruding from the needle hub 36, as shown in FIGS. 26 to 28. The wings 54, 55 project laterally with respect to the needle hub 36. The covering member 180 is hinged to the needle hub 36 and is rotatable from a first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed to a second position where the covering member 180 surrounds the needle-shaped cannula 34. .. The covering member 180 may be provided with a structure capable of locking and engaging with the needle-shaped cannula 34, such as an elastically deformable cannula locking finger portion. Unlike the above-described embodiment, the covering member 180 of the thirteenth embodiment is provided with a narrow elongated hole 182 on the side facing the elongated opening into which the needle-shaped cannula 34 is inserted. It is preferable that the width dimension of the elongated hole 182 is set substantially smaller than the width dimension of the needle insertion opening of the covering member 180. [0039] The needle assembly shown in FIGS. 26-28 is further provided with a hinged actuating member 184. The actuating member 184 includes a base end portion 186 hinged to the hub 36 on the base end side of the hinge connection portion between the hub 34 and the covering member 36. The operating member 184 is further provided with a tip portion 188. The intermediate portion of the operating member 184 between the base end portion 186 and the tip end portion 188 is slidably inserted into the elongated hole 182 of the covering member 180. Further, the operating member 184 includes a base end side detent member 190 and a tip end side detent member 192 provided at positions separated from each other by a distance slightly larger than the thickness of the plastic material forming the covering member 180. There is. The tip side detent member 192 snaps into the slot 182 of the covering member 180 so that the intermediate portion of the actuating member 184 between the base end side return member 190 and the tip end side return member 192 slides in the elongated hole 182. Engaged. Such a configuration allows the covering member 180 to rotate to a first position where the needle-shaped cannula 34 is exposed for use. After use, the user can apply a force toward the tip with the thumb to the actuating member 184. By applying an external force toward the tip end in this way, the operating member 184 rotates around the base end portion 186. At the same time, the base end side detent member 190 applies an external force to the upper wall of the covering member 180 adjacent to the elongated hole 182. As a result, the covering member 180 swivels around the needle hub 36 and is displaced to a second position surrounding the needle-shaped cannula 34. In this way, the needle-shaped cannula 34 is locked and engaged by the locking structure of the covering member 180. [0040] A 14th embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 29 and 30. The needle assembly of the 14th embodiment includes a needle-shaped cannula 34 and a needle hub 36 which are substantially the same as the needle-shaped cannula and the needle hub described in the above-described embodiment. The 14th embodiment further includes wings 200, 202 protruding laterally from both sides of the hub 36. Unlike the above-described embodiment, at least one wing portion 200 of this embodiment is substantially hollow, and a planar elongated hole 208 extending in the tip direction between the upper wall 204 and the bottom wall 206 and both walls 204 and 206. And have. The upper wall 204 is provided with an arc hole 210 penetrating and extending in an arc shape around the tip of the needle hub 36 or its vicinity. The covering member 212 is hinged to the hub 36 at a substantially central position of rotation of the arc hole 210 on the upper wall 204 of the wing portion 200. The covering member 212 includes an actuating protrusion 214 that is inserted into the elongated hole 210. The needle assembly shown in Figures 29 and 30 can be used in much the same way as before by grasping the wings 200, 202 and inserting the needle cannula 34 into the target vessel or other fluid source. is there. After the fluid sampling is complete, the needle-shaped cannula 34 is withdrawn from the patient's blood vessels. The medical staff then activates the actuating member 214 of the covering member 212 within the elongated hole 210 of the wing 200. The covering member 212 then substantially surrounds the needle-shaped cannula 34 and is swiveled around the needle hub 36 to such an extent that it engages with it. [0041] [Effect of the invention] As described above, according to the safety needle assembly of the present invention, since the wing portion protrudes from the needle hub, the wing portion can be gripped to easily position the blood vessel or other body fluid source. Can be done. [0042] Further, the safety needle assembly includes a needle covering member configured to be movable between a first position where the needle-shaped cannula is exposed and a second position where the needle-shaped cannula is covered, and the needle covering member. Since the locking means for locking at the second position is provided, the needle-shaped cannula after use can be reliably covered by an easy operation by locking the needle covering member with the locking means. [Simple explanation of drawings] FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the present invention in which the covering member is in an open position. FIG. 2 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 1 in which the covering member is in the closed position. FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIG. 3 showing a second embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIGS. 3 and 4 showing a third embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to a fourth embodiment of the present invention. 7 is a cross-sectional view corresponding to FIGS. 3 to 5 showing an embodiment of FIG. FIG. 8 is a partially cutaway side view of a safety needle assembly according to a fifth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 is a side view of the assembly illustrated in FIG. 8 showing a covering member in a closed position. 10 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line 10-10 of FIG. FIG. 11 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to a sixth embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 12 is a perspective view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 11 showing a covering member in a closed position. FIG. 13 is a side view of a seventh embodiment of a safety needle assembly having a covering member in the open position. FIG. 14 is a side view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 13 with a covering member in the closed position. FIG. 15 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 16 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to an eighth embodiment of the present invention showing a covering member in a closed position. FIG. 17 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention showing a covering member in an open position. FIG. 18 is a perspective view corresponding to FIG. 17 showing a covering member in a closed position. FIG. 19 is a side view of a safety needle assembly according to a tenth embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 20 is a side view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 19 with a covering member in the closed position. FIG. 21 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to the eleventh embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 22 is a side view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 21 with a covering member in the open position. FIG. 23 is a side view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIGS. 21 and 22 with a covering member in the closed position. FIG. 24 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to a twelfth embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 25 is a perspective view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 24 with a covering member in the closed position. FIG. 26 is a perspective view of a safety needle assembly according to a thirteenth embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 27 is a side view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 25 at the start position of the coating operation. FIG. 28 is a side view corresponding to FIG. 26 showing a safety needle assembly after the coating operation is completed. FIG. 29 is a perspective view of a 14th embodiment of the present invention having a covering member in an open position. FIG. 30 is a perspective view of the safety needle assembly shown in FIG. 29 with a covering member in the closed position. [Explanation of symbols] 18, 54, 55, 200, 202 wings 20, 90, 110, 170, 180, 212 covering members 34 Needle-shaped cannula 36 needle hub 67, 68 Locking finger part 68a Ratchet locking finger 72, 74 Locking finger part 86 Dorsal fin 88 1st detent member 89 Final detent member 104 Cylindrical locking part 114 Latch part 130 Integrated hinge member 132 Covered latch member 142 Locking part 150 spring 164 Locking detent member 166 Torsion spring