Method and apparatus for selectably providing single-ended and differential signaling with controllable impedance and transition time
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Expired 19 February 2023, 3.6 years ago.
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52 claims: 34 independent, 18 dependent
- 1第1信号線および第2信号線に結合された差動駆動回路、前記第1信号線に結合された第1単一端駆動回路、および、前記第2信号線に結合された第2単一端駆動回路を用いて、単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する方法であって、 単一端送信モードにおける動作のための、 前記差動駆動回路を不能にし、データ信号を前記第1単一端駆動回路の第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子に加えることと、 差動送信モードにおける動作のための、 前記データ信号を前記差動駆動回路に加えることと、 前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1高側切替え素子の第1終端、および前記第2単一端駆動回路の第2高側切替え素子の第2終端を可能にすることと、 前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1低側切替え素子、および前記第2単一端駆動回路の第2低側切替え素子を不能にすることとを含む、方法。
- 2単一端受信モードにおける動作のための、 前記差動駆動回路を不能にすることと、 前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1高側切替え素子の前記第1終端、および前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1低側切替え素子の第3終端を可能にすることと、 差動受信モードにおける動作のための、 前記差動駆動回路、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1低側切替え素子、および前記第2単一端駆動回路の前記第2低側切替え素子を不能にすることと、 前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1高側切替え素子の前記第1終端、および前記第2単一端駆動回路の前記第2高側切替え素子の前記第2終端を可能にすることとをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 3高インピーダンスモードにおける動作のための、 前記差動駆動回路、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1高側切替え素子ならびに前記第1低側切替え素子、および前記第2単一端駆動回路の前記第2高側切替え素子ならびに前記第2低側切替え素子を不能にすることをさらに含む、請求項2に記載の前記方法。
- 4複数の抵抗素子に結合された複数の切替え素子を使用して、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記高側切替え素子の前記第1終端のインピーダンスを制御することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 5前記複数の抵抗素子の少なくとも一部が、互いに指数関数的関係を担う、請求項4に記載の前記方法。
- 6前記複数の切替え素子への制御入力をシフトさせることによって、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記第1高側切替え素子の前記第1終端のインピーダンスを制御することをさらに含む、請求項5に記載の前記方法。
- 7前記複数の切替え素子の前記制御入力をシフトさせることが、前記インピーダンスを指数関数的に変化させる、請求項6に記載の前記方法。
- 8前記複数の切替え素子の前記制御入力をシフトさせることが、前記インピーダンスを2倍にする、請求項6に記載の前記方法。
- 9前記複数の切替え素子の前記制御入力をシフトさせることが、前記インピーダンスを2分の1にする、請求項6に記載の前記方法。
- 10前記差動駆動回路によって生成される差動信号の遷移時間を制御するために、前記差動駆動回路に組み込まれた分布増幅器を使用することをさらに含む、請求項1に記載の前記方法。
- 11単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 当該装置が差動送信モードであるときに2つのワイヤ上に差動信号を駆動する差動駆動回路と、 前記2つのワイヤのうちの第1ワイヤに結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、当該装置が単一端送信モードであるときに前記2つのワイヤのうちの前記第1ワイヤ上に単一端信号を駆動するように構成されている、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記2つのワイヤのうちの第2ワイヤに結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有し、当該第2高側切替え素子が、前記差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されている、第2単一端駆動回路とを備える、装置。
- 12単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されており、前記第1高側切替え素子が、前記差動送信モードおよび単一端送信モードの両方において作動するように構成されている、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有する、第2単一端駆動回路とを備える、装置。
- 13単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成され、差動送信モード電流シンキング能力を提供する差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されており、前記第1低側が、単一端送信モード電流シンキング能力を提供する、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有し、当該第2高側切替え素子が、前記差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されている、第2単一端駆動回路とを備える、装置。
- 14単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されており、NMOSトランジスタを備える差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されており、前記第1高側切替え素子が、前記差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されている、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有する、第2単一端駆動回路とを備える、装置。
- 15前記NMOSトランジスタが、 前記第1単一端駆動回路に結合された第1NMOSトランジスタと、 前記第2単一端駆動回路に結合された第2NMOSトランジスタと、 前記第1NMOSトランジスタ、前記第2NMOSトランジスタ、および接地電圧に結合された第3NMOSトランジスタとを備える、請求項14に記載の前記装置。
- 16前記第1単一端駆動回路が、 第1PMOSトランジスタと、 前記第1PMOSトランジスタおよび前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1抵抗素子と、 第4NMOSトランジスタと、 前記第4NMOSトランジスタおよび前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2抵抗素子とを備える、請求項15に記載の前記装置。
- 17前記第2単一端駆動回路が、 第2PMOSトランジスタと、 前記第2PMOSトランジスタおよび前記差動駆動回路に結合された第3抵抗素子と、 第5NMOSトランジスタと、 前記第5NMOSトランジスタおよび前記差動駆動回路に結合された第4抵抗素子とを備える、請求項16に記載の前記装置。
- 18前記装置が差動送信モードにあるとき、負の制御電圧が、前記第1PMOSトランジスタならびに前記第2PMOSトランジスタ、および前記第4NMOSトランジスタならびに前記第5NMOSトランジスタのゲートに印加され、差動データ信号が、前記第1NMOSトランジスタおよび前記第2NMOSトランジスタに加えられ、 前記装置が差動受信モードにあるとき、前記負の制御電圧が、前記第1PMOSトランジスタならびに前記第2PMOSトランジスタ、および前記第4NMOSトランジスタならびに前記第5NMOSトランジスタの前記ゲートと、前記第1NMOSトランジスタ、前記第2NMOSトランジスタ、および前記第3NMOSトランジスタの少なくとも1つとに加えられる、請求項17に記載の前記装置。
- 19前記装置が単一端送信モードにあるとき、負の制御電圧が、前記第1NMOSトランジスタ、前記第2NMOSトランジスタ、および前記第3NMOSトランジスタの少なくとも1つに加えられ、データ信号が、前記第1PMOSトランジスタおよび前記第4NMOSトランジスタに加えられ、 前記装置が単一端受信モードにあるとき、負の制御電圧が、前記第1PMOSトランジスタと、前記第1NMOSトランジスタ、前記第2NMOSトランジスタ、および前記第3NMOSトランジスタの少なくとも1つとに加えられ、正の制御電圧が、前記第4NMOSトランジスタに加えられる、請求項18に記載の前記装置。
- 20前記装置が高インピーダンスモードにあるとき、負の制御電圧が、前記第4NMOSトランジスタと、前記第1NMOSトランジスタ、前記第2NMOSトランジスタ、および前記第3NMOSトランジスタの少なくとも1つとに加えられ、正の制御電圧が、前記第1PMOSトランジスタに加えられる、請求項19に記載の前記装置。
- 21単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有する、第2単一端駆動回路とを備え、 前記差動駆動回路、前記第1単一端駆動回路、および前記第2単一端駆動回路が、高インピーダンスモードにおいて作動しない、装置。
- 22前記第1単一端駆動回路に結合された制御回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、入り信号を受信していないとき、前記制御回路が、前記第1単一端駆動回路を前記高インピーダンスモードに置くように構成されることをさらに備える、請求項21に記載の前記装置。
- 23単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有する、第2単一端駆動回路とを備え、 前記第1単一端駆動回路が、 複数の切替え素子と、 前記複数の切替え素子に結合された複数の抵抗素子であって、前記複数の切替え素子および前記複数の抵抗素子が、前記第1単一端駆動回路の制御可能インピーダンスを共動して提供するように構成される、複数の抵抗素子とを備える、装置。
- 24前記複数の抵抗素子の少なくとも一部が、互いに指数関数的関係を担う、請求項23に記載の前記装置。
- 25前記複数の切替え素子に結合された制御回路であって、前記制御回路が、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記制御可能インピーダンスを制御するように、前記複数の切替え素子への複数の制御信号をシフトさせるように構成される、制御回路をさらに備える、請求項23に記載の前記装置。
- 26前記制御回路が、単一基準終端モードおよび中心終端モードの両方においてインピーダンス整合を提供するように、前記第1単一端駆動回路の前記制御可能インピーダンスを制御する、請求項25に記載の前記装置。
- 27単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する装置であって、 差動送信モードにおいて作動するように構成された差動駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第1単一端駆動回路であって、前記第1単一端駆動回路が、第1高側切替え素子および第1低側切替え素子を有し、前記第1低側切替え素子が、単一端送信モードにおいて作動するように構成されている、第1単一端駆動回路と、 前記差動駆動回路に結合された第2単一端駆動回路であって、前記第2単一端駆動回路が、第2高側切替え素子および第2低側切替え素子を有する、第2単一端駆動回路とを備え、 前記差動駆動回路および前記第1単一端駆動回路の少なくとも一方が、制御可能遷移時間を提供するために分布増幅器を使用する、装置。
- 28メモリ制御装置において単一端シグナリングを提供する方法であって、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第1信号線および第2信号線に結合された差動駆動回路を不能 にして、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を高インピーダンス にするステップと、 前記第1信号線上に第1単一端信号を提供するように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第1信号線に結合された第1単一端駆動回路を制御するステップと、 前記第2信号線上に第2単一端信号を提供するように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第2信号線に結合された第2単一端駆動回路を制御するステップと、 を備える、方法。
- 29前記第1信号線および第2信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を、前記差動駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 28 に記載の方法。
- 30メモリ制御装置において単一端シグナリングを提供する方法であって、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第1信号線および第2信号線に結合された差動駆動回路を不能にするステップと、 前記第1信号線上に第1単一端信号を提供するように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第1信号線に結合された第1単一端駆動回路を制御するステップと、 前記第2信号線を終端できるように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第2信号線に結合された第2単一端駆動回路を制御するステップとを備える、方法。
- 31前記差動駆動回路を不能にして、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を高インピーダンスにする、請求項 30 に記載の方法。
- 32前記第1信号線および第2信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を、前記差動駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 31 に記載の方法。
- 33前記第2信号線の前記終端は、前記第2信号線の単一基準終端である、請求項 30 に記載の方法。
- 34前記第2信号線の前記終端は、中心終端である、請求項 30 に記載の方法。
- 35メモリ制御装置において単一端シグナリングを提供する方法であって、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第1信号線および第2信号線に結合された差動駆動回路を不能にするステップと、 前記第1信号線上に第1単一端信号を提供するように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第1信号線に結合された第1単一端駆動回路を制御するステップと、 前記第2信号線を高インピーダンスにするように、当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第2信号線に結合された第2単一端駆動回路を制御するステップと、を備える、方法。
- 36前記差動駆動回路を不能にして、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を高インピーダンスにする、請求項 35 に記載の方法。
- 37前記第1信号線および第2信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を、前記差動駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 36 に記載の方法。
- 38前記第2信号線の前記高インピーダンスは、前記第2信号線を、前記第2単一端駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 35 に記載の方法。
- 39メモリ制御装置において差動シグナリングを提供する方法であって、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第1信号線に結合された第1単一端駆動回路を制御して、前記第1信号線を終端できるようにするステップと、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第2信号線に結合された第2単一端駆動回路を制御して、前記第2信号線を終端できるようにするステップと、 当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線に結合された差動駆動回路を制御して、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を横断して差動信号を提供するステップとを備える、方法。
- 40前記第1信号線の前記終端は、前記第1信号線の単一基準終端である、請求項 39 に記載の方法。
- 41前記第1信号線の前記終端は、前記第1信号線の中心終端である、請求項 39 に記載の方法。
- 42前記第2信号線の前記終端は、前記第2信号線の単一基準終端である、請求項 39 に記載の方法。
- 43前記第2信号線の前記終端は、前記第2信号線の中心終端である、請求項 39 に記載の方法。
- 44メモリ制御装置であって、 当該メモリ制御装置内の第1信号線および第2信号線に結合され、使用可能なときに前記第1信号線および第2信号線を横断して差動信号を提供する差動駆動回路と、 当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第1信号線に結合され、前記第1信号線に第1単一端信号を提供するか、前記第1信号線を高インピーダンスにするか、または、前記第1信号線を終端できるように構成された第1単一端駆動回路と、 当該メモリ制御装置内の前記第2信号線に結合され、前記第2信号線に第2単一端信号を提供するか、前記第2信号線を高インピーダンスにするか、または、前記第2信号線を終端できるように構成された第2単一端駆動回路とを備える、メモリ制御装置。
- 45前記第1信号線の前記終端は、前記第1信号線の単一基準終端である、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 46前記第1信号線の前記終端は、前記第1信号線の中心終端である、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 47前記第1信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第1信号線を、前記第1単一端駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 48前記第2信号線の前記終端は、前記第2信号線の単一基準終端である、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 49前記第2信号線の前記終端は、前記第2信号線の中心終端である、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 50前記第2信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第2信号線を、前記第2単一端駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 51前記差動駆動回路は、使用不能なときに前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を高インピーダンスにするように構成された、請求項 44 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
- 52前記差動駆動回路によってなされた前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線の高インピーダンスは、前記第1信号線および前記第2信号線を、前記差動駆動回路を経る電圧基準の影響から有効に隔離する、請求項 51 に記載のメモリ制御装置。
Independent claims52
48 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention generally relates to electrical signaling techniques, and more specifically to signaling techniques that can coexist with single-ended and differential signaling.
Electronic components are used to perform various functions such as data storage, data processing, and data transmission. However, in order for such electronic components to work together, they need to be able to communicate with each other. Various signaling techniques have been developed to facilitate such communications. One such signaling technique is called single-ended signaling. Single-ended signaling uses a single wire, which can be any type of conductive path, and transmits the signal by varying parameters such as the voltage of that wire relative to a reference voltage such as the ground. Is possible. Such a reference voltage can be used as a common reference voltage for some single-ended signals. Another type of signaling technique is called differential signaling. In differential signaling, signals are transmitted by using two wires, which can be any type of conductive path, and changing the parameters of one of the two wires relative to the parameters of the other wire. It is possible to do. Such signaling is called differential signaling. The meaning and value of signals transmitted using a differential signaling system are usually determined by comparing wire parameters with respect to each other, not with respect to a common reference voltage.
Driver circuits used to generate signals transmitted between electronic components have generally been designed to provide single-ended or differential signaling, but selectively both types of signaling. It was generally not possible to provide. Therefore, single-ended driver circuits were generally not coexistent with differential signaling systems, and differential driver circuits were generally not coexistent with single-ended signaling systems.
To reduce signal reflection and other unwanted distortion, the wire to which the signal is applied may be terminated with the appropriate termination impedance. An additional difficulty with single-ended and differential signaling is that different types of terminations can be used with single-ended and differential signaling. For example, in single-ended signaling, the wire used for signaling is preferably centrally terminated (for example, one termination element is coupled from the wire to the first reference voltage and the other termination element is from the wire to the first. 2 coupled to the reference voltage). As a counterexample, in differential signaling, it is preferred that each wire used for signaling be terminated with a single termination element coupled to a single reference voltage. Therefore, it is difficult to apply one termination method that optimizes the performance of both types of signaling systems.
FIG. 1 is a drawing including a schematic view of a single reference termination and a central termination according to the prior art. In the first example of a single reference termination shown in FIG. 1, the wire 103 is coupled to the termination element 102 and the termination element 102 is coupled to the first reference voltage 101. In the second example of the single reference termination shown in FIG. 1, the wire 104 is coupled to the termination element 105 and the termination element 105 is coupled to the second reference voltage 106. In the example of central termination shown in FIG. 1, wire 109 is coupled to termination elements 108 and 110. The terminating element 108 is coupled to the first reference voltage 107, while the terminating element 110 is coupled to the second reference voltage 111.
<p> Single-ended signaling system drivers do not offer coexistence with differential signaling systems, and differential signaling system drivers do not offer coexistence with single-ended signaling systems, thereby manufacturing. Increased cost and inventory requirements. Therefore, neither single-ended or differential signaling techniques to date have provided adaptability to overcome these drawbacks and limitations. Therefore, there is a need for methods and devices that overcome the shortcomings described above.</p>
<p> Provided are methods and devices that selectively provide single-ended and differential signaling with controllable impedance and transition time. According to at least some embodiments of the method and device, differential signals can be transmitted on two wires, or two single-ended signals can be transmitted on two wires. These wires can be any type of conductive path, such as any type of conductor, any type of transmission line, or any type of electrical interface. According to various embodiments of the present invention, the termination can be selected from single reference termination, central termination, or high impedance termination. The termination selected can be chosen to match the characteristic impedance, terminate larger than the characteristic impedance, or terminate smaller than the characteristic impedance. The ability to dynamically control the termination impedance is provided regardless of the termination type selected. Further, in at least some embodiments, the termination elements of the termination element are shifted so that the desired termination impedance, which is preferably matched for both single reference termination mode and central termination mode, is maintained by shifting the bits. The ability to change impedance is provided. Integrated circuits with components that provide termination are also provided, thereby improving impedance matching. It also provides the ability to dynamically control the transition time of the signal. By providing the ability to drive and terminate single-ended and differential signaling systems, increased coexistence and adaptability is provided, manufacturing costs and inventory requirements are reduced. According to various embodiments of the present invention, it is possible to provide one, some, or all of these features and other features described herein.</p><p> The embodiments of the present invention can be usefully applied in various situations. For example, embodiments, be implemented in conjunction with any electrical interface are possible Rukoto. An example of such an electrical interface is any connection between one or more integrated circuits and one or more other integrated circuits. As another example, embodiments are made to allow one or more integrated circuits that can coexist with single-ended signaling to be connected to one or more integrated circuits that can coexist with differential signaling. It is possible to do. The present invention can be usefully applied, for example, in a memory system. Historically, memory systems have often used single-ended signaling, such as single-ended signaling with central termination. However, memory systems now use differential signaling, such as differential signaling with a single reference termination. Therefore, embodiments of the present invention can be used to provide coexistence with older and newer generation memory systems in a single component, thereby producing and stocking multiple components. Allows a single component to interact with both types of memory system components. As an example, an embodiment of the present invention can be implemented in a memory control device that can be coupled to a memory element. As another example, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in memory devices that can be coupled to memory control devices. As yet another example, embodiments of the present invention can be implemented in one or more memory control devices that can be coupled to one or more memory elements.</p>
FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes a first single-ended drive circuit 210, a second single-ended drive circuit 211, and a differential drive circuit 205. The first single-ended drive circuit 210 includes a first high side 201 and a first low side 202. The second single-ended drive circuit 211 includes a second high side 203 and a second low side 204. A first reference voltage 206, which can be called VR1, is coupled to the first high side 201 and the second high side 203. The first high side 201 is coupled to the first low side 202 and the first wire 208. The second high side 203 is coupled to the second low side 204 and the second wire 209. The first low side 202 and the second low side 204 are coupled to a second reference voltage 207, which can be referred to as VR2. The differential drive circuit 205 is coupled to a first wire 208, a second wire 209, and a third reference voltage 213, which can be referred to as VR3. VR3 can have the same voltage as VR1 or VR2, or can have a different voltage. The first wire 208 and the second wire 209 provide two ports that can be used for one-way or two-way signaling in single-ended or differential mode. For example, when wires 208 and 209 are used in single-ended mode, it is possible for wires 208 and 209 to carry two different signals that carry different information. Both wires 208 and 209 can be used to convey the same information at any given time when wires 208 and 209 are in differential mode. Information can be transmitted or received, in which case the mode of transmission or transmission mode is the local component (eg, wire 208 and 209) that drives the signal for reception by the remote component. For example, the received mode or receive mode is based on the local component that detects the signal originating from the remote component.
The first single-ended drive circuit 210 and the second single-ended drive circuit 211 send single-ended signals over wires 208 and 209, respectively, by the electromotive force provided by the first reference voltage 206 and / or the second reference voltage 207. Provides the ability to drive. In addition, the first single-ended drive circuit 210 and the second single-ended drive circuit 211 have the ability to provide termination of wires 208 and 209 with respect to either or both of the first reference voltage 206 and / or the second reference voltage 207. provide. In addition, the first single-ended drive circuit 210 and the second single-ended drive circuit 211 provide the ability to avoid overloading wires 208 and 209 by providing a high impedance mode. In this case, a high impedance relationship exists between either or both of the first reference voltage 206 and / or the second reference voltage 207 and the wires 208 and 209. Additional components similar to the first high side 201, first low side 202, second high side 203, and / or second low side 204 can be provided with respect to similar or additional reference voltages. As an example, such additional components can be implemented with respect to the additional reference voltage of the multi-level signaling system.
The first high side 201 provides the ability to drive the wire 208 closer to the first reference voltage 206. The first high side 201 provides the ability to drive high logic level signals over wire 208. The high logic level is preferably a logic level corresponding to a voltage level closer to the upper limit reference voltage. The first high side 201 further provides the ability to provide termination of wire 208 with respect to the first reference voltage 206. Further, the first high side 201 provides the ability to isolate the wire 208 from the first reference voltage 206 and avoid overloading the wire 208 by providing a high impedance mode. A high impedance relationship exists between the first reference voltage 206 and the wire 208.
The first low side 202 provides the ability to drive the wire 208 closer to the second reference voltage 207. The first low side 202 provides the ability to drive low logic level signals over wire 208. The low logic level is preferably a logic level corresponding to a voltage level closer to the lower limit reference voltage. The first low side 202 further provides the ability to provide termination of wire 208 with respect to the second reference voltage 207. In addition, the first low side 202 provides the ability to isolate the wire 208 from the second reference voltage 207 and avoid overloading the wire 208 by providing high impedance. In this case, a high impedance relationship exists between the second reference voltage 207 and the wire 208.
The second high side 203 provides the ability to drive the wire 209 closer to the first reference voltage 206. The second high side 203 provides the ability to drive high logic level signals over wire 209. The second high side 203 further provides the ability to provide termination of wire 209 with respect to the first reference voltage 206. In addition, the second high side 203 provides the ability to isolate the wire 209 from the first reference voltage 206 and avoid overloading the wire 209 by providing a high impedance mode. In this case, a high impedance relationship exists between the first reference voltage 206 and the wire 209.
The second low side 204 provides the ability to drive the wire 209 closer to the second reference voltage 207. The second low side 204 provides the ability to drive low logic level signals over wire 209. The second low side 204 further provides the ability to provide termination of wire 209 with respect to a second reference voltage 207. In addition, the second low side 204 provides the ability to isolate the wire 209 from the second reference voltage 207 and avoid overloading the wire 209 by providing a high impedance mode. In this case, a high impedance relationship exists between the second reference voltage 207 and the wire 209.
The differential drive circuit 205 provides the ability to create a potential difference between wires 208 and 209. In creating such a potential difference, one of the wires 208 and 209 is driven to a voltage level closer to the third reference voltage 213, while the other of the wires 208 and 209 has a voltage level farther from the third reference voltage 213. It will be possible to move to.
FIG. 3 is a schematic view showing an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes a first high side 201, a first low side 202, a second high side 203, a second low side 204, and a differential drive circuit 205. The first high side 201 includes a switching element 301 which can be a transistor (for example, a MIMO transistor) and an element (for example, a resistor or an element configured to pass a current in a manner that effectively imitates the resistor). For example, it includes a resistance element 302 that can be a transistor). As an example, a transistor can be configured to mimic a resistor during the manufacture of the transistor by carefully controlling the dimensions, geometry, and processing parameters. The first reference voltage 206 is, for example, a positive or negative voltage or a ground voltage (eg, V).<sub>DD</sub>), And it is coupled to the switching element 301. The switching element 301 is coupled to the resistance element 302. The resistance element is coupled to the first wire 208. The first low side 202 is configured to pass a current through a switching element 303, which can be, for example, a transistor (eg, an MIMO transistor), and a resistor, for example, in a manner that effectively mimics the resistor. It includes a resistance element 304 which can be an element (for example, a transistor). The second reference voltage 207 can be, for example, a positive or negative voltage or a ground voltage (eg, ground) and is coupled to the switching element 303. The switching element 303 is coupled to the resistance element 304. The resistance element 304 is coupled to the first wire 208.
The second high side 203 includes a switching element 305 and a resistance element 306, which can be, for example, a transistor (for example, a MOSFET transistor). The first reference voltage is coupled to the switching element 305. The switching element 305 is coupled to the resistance element 306. The resistance element 306 is coupled to the second wire 209. The second low side 204 includes a switching element 307 and a resistance element 308, which can be, for example, a transistor (for example, an NMOS transistor). The second reference voltage is coupled to the switching element 307. The switching element 307 is coupled to the resistance element 308. The resistance element 308 is coupled to the second wire 209.
The differential drive circuit 205 includes switching elements 309 and 310, which can be, for example, transistors (eg, NMOS transistors), and bias control elements, 311 which can be, for example, transistors (eg, NMOS transistors). Be prepared. The second reference voltage 207 is coupled to the bias control element 311 and the bias control element 311 is coupled to the switching elements 309 and 310. The switching element 309 is coupled to the wire 208, and the switching element 310 is coupled to the wire 209.
Input 312 is provided to control the switching element 301. Input 313 is provided to control switching element 303. Input 314 is provided to control switching element 305. Input 315 is provided to control switching element 307. Input 316 is provided to control switching element 309. Input 317 is provided to control the switching element 310. Input 318 is provided to control the bias control element 311. A control circuit is coupled to one or more of these inputs to control the operation of the device. For example, in order to operate the device in single-ended transmission mode, the control circuit may add a control signal (eg, ground voltage) to the inputs 316, 317, and 318, eg, the first data signal and vice versa. A possible first data signal is added to inputs 312 and 313, and optionally a second data signal and vice versa is added to inputs 314 and 315. In such an example, the differential drive circuit is disabled and the signals are on the first wire and second by the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit according to the first and second data signals. Driven on a wire.
As another example, in order to operate the device in single-ended reception mode, the control circuit has a first control signal (eg, V).<sub>DD</sub>Voltage) is applied to inputs 313 and 315, and a second control signal (eg, ground voltage) is applied to inputs 312, 314, and 316 to 318. In such an example, the differential drive circuit is disabled and the high and low switching elements of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit are the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit. Once differentialized to complete the current path through the high and low resistance elements of the drive circuit, a central termination configuration is obtained for both the first wire 208 and the second wire 209.
As another example, in order to operate the device in differential transmit mode, the control circuit applies a first control signal (eg, ground voltage) to inputs 312-315 and a second control signal (eg, bias control voltage). ) Is added to input 318, the data signal is added to input 316, and the reverse of the data signal is added to input 317. In such an example, the higher switching element of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit is a current path through the higher resistance element of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit. Is operated to complete. The lower side of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit is disabled. The differential output signal is provided across wires 208 and 209 by the operation of switching elements 309 and 310 under the influence of the data signal.
In yet another example, in order to operate the device in differential receive mode, the control circuit applies a first control signal (eg, ground voltage) to inputs 312-318. In such an example, the lower side of the differential drive circuit and the first single-ended drive circuit as well as the second single-ended drive circuit is disabled. The higher switching elements of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit are different so as to complete the current path through the higher resistance elements of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit. It is moved to provide a single reference termination for both wire 208 and wire 209.
As another example, the device can operate in high impedance mode. In high impedance mode, the device effectively isolates wires 208 and 209 from the effects of any of the first reference voltage 206, the second voltage reference 207, and the third voltage reference 213. Therefore, the device avoids imparting electrical action to the wires 208 or 209 that affect the operation of the remote components coupled to the wires 208 and 209. To operate the device in high impedance mode, the control circuit applies a first control signal (eg, ground voltage) to inputs 313 and 315-318 and a second control signal (eg V).<sub>DD</sub>Voltage) is applied to inputs 312 and 314. In such an example, the high and low sides of both the differential drive circuit and the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit are disabled, thereby disabling wires 208 and 209 and any reference voltage. High impedance (eg, an essentially open circuit) between (eg, first reference voltage 206 and second reference voltage 207) is provided.
FIG. 4 is a detailed schematic diagram showing a device that enables selective termination impedance control according to an embodiment of the present invention. Such devices can be used to carry out devices such as those shown in Figures 2 and 3 or should be used independently of the devices shown in Figures 2 and 3. Is possible. For example, the device of FIG. 4 can be used to implement the first single-ended drive circuit and the second single-ended drive circuit of FIGS. 2 and 3. As another example, the device of FIG. 4 can be used to provide selective termination impedance for other types of circuits (eg, receive or transmit circuits). The device of FIG. 4 includes a plurality of switching elements and a plurality of resistance elements. These switching elements and resistance elements can be separate elements or elements that themselves provide both switching and resistance characteristics. As an example, it is possible to configure the transistor to provide both switching characteristics and resistance specifics. The switching element and the resistance element are coupled as a pair in series so that the switching element can selectively enable and disable the resistance element. Some of these pairs can be coupled between the wire and the first reference voltage (eg, VDD voltage), while the others of these pairs are the wire and the second reference voltage (eg, eg). It is possible to couple with the ground voltage). Alternatively, all pairs can be coupled between the wire and a single reference voltage (eg, first or second reference voltage). Resistive devices can be purely resistant (except for small parasitic reactances that may be present) or can provide complex impedance.
By allowing some of these pairs in a pair coupled to a common reference voltage, the terminating impedance is obtained as a function of the parallel combination of the impedance values of each pair. Therefore, it is possible to provide a wide range of possible termination impedance values. As an example, if resistance elements are selected with impedance values that are exponentially related to each other, several resistance elements can be used to provide a large number of possible termination impedance values. As an example of one such exponential relationship, the first resistance element can present resistance R, the second resistance element can present resistance 2R, and the third resistance. The element can present a resistor 4R, the fourth resistor element can present a resistor 8R, and so on. It should be understood that such an exponential relationship does not have to be mathematically accurate. For example, a switching element may present a finite resistance even when it is activated, so the value of the resistance element can be selected to compensate for such resistance. Or, as an alternative, such resistance can be considered negligible and may not require compensation.
One novel feature of resistance elements that have an exponential relationship based on powers of 2 (eg R, 2R, 4R, 8R, etc.) is that by shifting the control input by one bit, depending on the group of resistance elements. The impedance provided can be easily doubled or halved. This feature is particularly useful for switching between a single reference termination and a central termination while maintaining a particular termination impedance, such as a termination impedance intended to match the characteristic impedance of the wire to which the device is coupled.
As another example, the device of FIG. 4 can be implemented using two or more resistance elements with one impedance value. So, for example, if two or more resistance elements with a value of 2R are provided, doubling or halving the impedance of the group of resistance elements can be achieved by selecting one or both of the resistance elements. Can be achieved. Continuing this example, if one of the resistance elements with a value of 2R is possible, but the other is not possible, the two resistance elements provide a resistance of 2R. However, if both resistors with a value of 2R are possible, the two resistors provide a resistor of R (ie, half of 2R). Such configurations are also well suited to maintain a particular termination impedance while providing a single reference termination or center termination. For example, a group of resistors can be configured to provide a resistor of R between the wire and the reference voltage to provide a single reference termination. However, to provide a central termination, a group of resistors can be configured to provide a 2R resistor between the wire and the first reference voltage, while between the wire and the second reference voltage. A second group of resistors can be configured to provide a 2R resistor. From an alternating current (AC) perspective, the effective AC termination impedance remains R for both configurations (ignoring all reaction components) because the two resistors in 2R are the effective AC in R. This is because they act in parallel to provide a terminating impedance.
The device shown in FIG. 4 comprises resistance elements 402-409 coupled to wire 401. The switching elements 410 to 417 are coupled to the resistance elements 402 to 409, respectively. For example, the switching elements 410 to 413, which can be MOSFET transistors, are V.<sub>DD</sub>It is coupled to a first reference voltage 426 which can be. For example, the switching elements 414 to 417, which can be an NMOS transistor, are coupled to a second reference voltage 427, which can be a ground voltage, for example. The control inputs of the switching elements 410 to 413 are coupled to the outputs of the logic gates 418 to 421, respectively. The control inputs of the switching elements 414 to 417 are coupled to the outputs of the logic gates 422 to 425, respectively. The control input 428, which acts as a common signal for the resistor elements 402 to 405, is coupled to one of the respective inputs of the logic gates 418 to 421. The control input 429, which acts as a common enable signal for the resistance elements 406 to 409, is coupled to one of the respective inputs of the logic gates 422 to 425. Logic gates 418-421 can be NAND gates or other types of logic gates. The logic gates 422 to 425 can be AND gates or other types of logic gates. The control inputs of the resistance elements 402 to 409 are provided to the inputs 430 to 437 of the logic gates 418 to 425, respectively. In some embodiments, the same control inputs are used or controlled for inputs 430 and 434, inputs 431 and 435, inputs 432 and 436, and inputs 433 and 437 to maintain the desired termination impedance. It may be preferable to shift the input by one bit in either direction.
FIG. 5 is a block diagram showing a device that enables selective transition time control according to the embodiment of the present invention. The device of FIG. 5 comprises inputs 501, drive circuits 502 to 505, adjustable time delay elements 506 to 508, and outputs 509. Input 501 is coupled to the input of drive circuit 502 and the input of adjustable time delay element 506. The output of the adjustable time delay element 506 is coupled to the input of drive circuit 503 and the input of the adjustable time delay element 507. The output of the adjustable time delay element 507 is coupled to the input of drive circuit 504 and the input of the adjustable time delay element 508. The output of the adjustable time delay element 508 is coupled to the input of drive circuit 505. Each output of the drive circuits 502 to 505 is coupled to the output 509.
When the adjustable time delay elements 506-508 are adjusted to provide the minimum time delay, the drive circuits 502-505 change states almost simultaneously (ideally at the same time) and collectively. It provides a very rapid transition time (for example, the time to switch between output states). However, since more delays are introduced in the adjustable time delay elements 506-508, the drive circuits 502-505 sequentially change state. Since each drive circuit has a finite (eg non-zero) output impedance, the overall output impedance of the output 509 decreases over time and the changes between output states become more gradual, resulting in. The transition time will be slower. Therefore, the device of FIG. 5 can provide a selective transition time of the signal at output 509.
As an example of one possible variant of the device of FIG. 5, the inputs of adjustable time delay elements 507 and 508 can be coupled to inputs 501, and the adjustable time delay elements 506-508 are not in series. Constructed in parallel. The time delay values of the adjustable time delay elements 507 and 508 can be adjusted to provide the desired effect.
Considering in the context of FIGS. 2-4, in the device of FIG. 5, each of the drive circuits 502 to 505 is a single-ended drive circuit, a high or low side of the single-ended drive circuit, a differential drive circuit, or FIG. It can be implemented to include the device. For example, if each of the drive circuits 502 to 505 is implemented according to the apparatus of FIG. 4, a benefit can be obtained that combines selective impedance and selective transition time. Control of the timing of the adjustable time delay element can be provided using the same control circuitry used to control the device of FIGS. 2, 3, or 4.
FIG. 6 is a block diagram showing a device according to an embodiment of the present invention that makes it possible to change the terminating impedance by shifting the bits. The device of FIG. 6 includes registers 601, drivers 602, conductors 603 to 606, register outputs 607 to 610, driver inputs 611 to 615, and fixed logic outputs 616. The numbers of register outputs 607 to 610, conductors 603 to 606, and driver inputs 611 to 615 are exemplary. It is possible to provide any number of register outputs, conductors, and driver inputs. The fixed logic output 616 has or does not have a pull-up register or pull-down register or other ancillary components with a reference voltage (eg V).<sub>DD</sub>Or it can be done using grounding). The fixed logic output 616 is configured to provide, for example, a fixed low logic level, preferably a fixed low logic level, or an alternative, a high logic level. The register outputs 607 to 610 are coupled to the terminals of the first set of several poles of the switching element 617 via conductors 603 to 606, respectively. At each end of the first set of terminals, each terminal is coupled to a fixed logic output 616. The second set of terminals on some poles of the switching element 617 are coupled to the driver inputs 611 to 615. In the first configuration shown in FIG. 6, the switching element 617 is configured to couple register outputs 607 to 610 to driver inputs 611 to 614, respectively, and to couple driver inputs 615 to fixed logic outputs 616. In the second configuration shown in FIG. 6, the switching element 617 is configured to couple register outputs 607 to 610 to driver inputs 612 to 615, respectively, and to couple driver inputs 611 to fixed logic outputs 616. Therefore, between the first configuration and the second configuration, the register outputs 607 to 610 are shifted from the driver inputs 611 to 614, respectively, by one bit from the driver inputs 612 to 615, respectively. The switching element 617 can be implemented using any element capable of performing the shift described above. For example, the switching element 617 can be implemented using a transistor such as a field effect transistor or a bipolar transistor, or a multiplexer circuit. When implementing the driver 602 using a device such as that shown in FIG. 4 with a resistance element ratio such as 1: 2: 4: 8, the resistance element by shifting the register output relative to the driver input. It is possible to easily double or halve the impedance provided by the group of.
FIG. 7 is a flow chart showing a method of selectively providing single-ended signaling and differential signaling according to an embodiment of the present invention. The method is started in step 710, in which the impedance of the first termination on the first high side of the first single-ended drive circuit is controlled. As an example, the impedance of the first termination can be controlled to a specific impedance, for example, to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line with the conductor to which the transmission line is coupled. In some embodiments, step 710 can be omitted. For example, the first termination already provides proper impedance matching, and operation in both single-ended and differential signaling modes uses the same termination mode, such as single-reference termination mode or central termination mode. If so, step 710 can be omitted. At step 711, a decision is made as to whether a transmit mode, receive mode, or high impedance mode is desirable. In a preferred embodiment, such a determination is made based on the values stored in the software programmable registers or based on the inputs to the mode selection pins. If a transmit mode is preferred, the method proceeds to step 712. If a receive mode is preferred, the method proceeds to step 713. If a high impedance mode is desired, the method proceeds to step 709.
In step 712, it is determined whether a single-ended transmission mode or a differential transmission mode is desirable. In a preferred embodiment, such a determination is made based on the values stored in the software programmable registers or based on the inputs to the mode selection pins. In single-ended transmission mode, the method is continued in step 701. In step 701, the differential drive circuit is disabled and data signals are applied to the first high and first low sides of the first single-ended drive circuit. In differential transmission mode, the method is continued in step 702. In step 702, the data signal is applied to the differential drive circuit. In step 703, the first termination on the first high side of the first single-ended drive circuit and the second termination on the second high side of the second single-ended drive circuit become possible. In step 704, the first low side and the second low side are disabled.
In step 713, it is determined whether a single-ended reception mode or a differential reception mode is desirable. In a preferred embodiment, such a determination is made based on the values stored in the software programmable registers or based on the inputs to the mode selection pins. In single-ended reception mode, the method is continued in step 705. At step 705, the differential drive circuit is disabled. In step 706, the first termination on the first high side and the third termination on the first low side are possible. In differential receive mode, the method is continued in step 707. In step 707, the differential drive circuit, the first low side, and the second low side are disabled. In step 708, the first and second terminations of the first high side and the second high side are possible.
In high impedance mode, the method is continued in step 709. In step 709, the differential drive circuit, the first high side and the second high side, and the first low side and the second low side are disabled. From any of steps 701, 704, 706, 708, or 709, the method proceeds to either step 710 or 711. In step 710, the impedance of the first termination is controlled using a plurality of switching elements coupled to a plurality of resistance elements. In step 711, the impedance at the first termination is controlled by shifting the control inputs to the plurality of switching elements. The terminations described with reference to FIG. 7, such as the first termination, the second termination, and the third termination, are between a given conductor and a given reference voltage, as described, for example, with reference to FIG. Can include a single or multiple resistance or impedance elements.
FIG. 8 is a flow chart showing a method of terminating a transmission line according to an embodiment of the present invention. This method can be used in the transmit or receive mode of single-ended signaling mode or differential signaling mode. For example, if different impedance relationships between the first set of impedance elements and the second set of impedance elements are desirable for transmit and receive modes, this method can be used to provide such different impedance relationships. Is. As another example, if different impedance relationships between the first set of impedance elements and the second set of impedance elements are desirable for single-ended and differential signaling modes, then this method is used to make such different impedances. It is possible to provide a relationship.
In step 801, the first binary combination is selected from the first set of exponential relational impedance elements to provide the first impedance between the transmit line and the first reference voltage. The first binary combination is chosen to provide the first impedance. The first impedance preferably matches the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, such as wire 208 and / or wire 209, when the first set of exponential relationship impedance elements is used by itself, or other impedance elements. In connection with, it is preferable that the first set of exponential relational impedance elements match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line when used in connection with other impedance elements. Impedance matching is understood to occur when the impedances of the elements coupled to each other are close enough to maintain proper signal integrity. For example, if the first set of exponential relational impedance elements is used in connection with impedance elements that have equal values but are relative to different reference voltages, the first binary combination is a characteristic of the transmission line. It is possible to choose to provide a first impedance that is twice the impedance.
In step 802, the second binary combination is selected from the second set of exponential relational impedance elements to provide a second impedance between the transmission line and the second reference voltage. For example, if the first binary combination is selected to provide a first impedance that is twice the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, then the second binary combination is also the characteristic impedance of the transmission line. It is possible to choose to provide a second impedance that is double. In such cases, the second impedance provides a combined impedance that is closer, preferably matched, to the characteristic impedance of the transmission line in relation to the first impedance.
If the first binary combination is selected in step 801 to match the characteristic impedance of the transmission line, the first binary combination will effectively double the first impedance. It is shifted so that the combined impedance of the first impedance and the second impedance can be matched with the characteristic impedance of the transmission line.
In step 803, the first binary combination is shifted to reduce the first impedance when the second set of exponential relational impedance elements is deselected. Step 803 is performed to avoid loss of impedance matching accuracy when the first binary combination is shifted. Step 803 can include step 804 or step 805. In step 804, the first binary combination is shifted by one bit. In step 805, the first binary combination is the exponential of the first and second sets of impedances provided by the exponential relational impedance elements of the first set before the end impedance of the transmission line is shifted. It is shifted to be closer to, preferably matched, to the termination impedance provided by the functional relationship impedance element. The second binary combination should be shifted or not shifted in the same manner as the first binary combination was shifted in step 803 to provide similar impedance adjustments for the second impedance. Note that is possible.
FIG. 9 is a block diagram showing an apparatus according to an embodiment of the present invention. The device includes a first single-ended drive circuit 910, a second single-ended drive circuit 911, a first differential drive circuit 905, a second differential drive circuit 912, a first single-ended receiving circuit 915, and a second single-ended receiving circuit. It includes a 916, a first differential receiving circuit 919, and a second differential receiving circuit 920. The first single-ended drive circuit 910 includes a first high side 901 and a first low side 902. The second single-ended drive circuit 911 includes a second high side 903 and a second low side 904. A first reference voltage 906, which can be called VR1, is coupled to the first high side 901 and the second high side 903. The first high side 901 is coupled to the first low side 902, the first single-ended receiver circuit 915, and the first wire 908. The first single-ended receiver circuit 915 provides output 917, which can be referred to as RX1. The second high side 903 is coupled to the second low side 904, the second single-ended receiver circuit 916, and the second wire 909. The second single-ended receiver circuit 916 provides output 918, which can be referred to as RX2. The first low side 902 and the second low side 904 are coupled to a second reference voltage 907, which can be called VR2.
The first differential drive circuit 905 is coupled to a first wire 908, a second wire 909, and a fourth reference voltage 913, which can be referred to as VR4. VR4 can have the same voltage as VR1 or VR2, or can have a different voltage. The second differential drive circuit 912 is coupled to a first wire 908, a second wire 909, and a third reference voltage 914, which can be referred to as VR3. VR3 can have the same voltage as VR1 or VR2, or can have a different voltage.
The first differential receiver circuit 919 has inputs 921 and 922 coupled to conductors 908 and 909, respectively. The first differential receiver circuit 919 produces an output 925, which can be called the RX4. The second differential receiver circuit 920 has inputs 923 and 924 coupled to conductors 908 and 909, respectively. The second differential receiver circuit 920 produces an output 926, which can be called the RX3.
FIG. 10 is a flow chart showing an example of a step in which step 710 of FIG. 7 is performed. As noted with reference to FIG. 7, the impedance at the first termination is controlled in step 710. Step 710 can include steps 1001 and / or 1002. In step 1001, the impedance of the first termination is controlled using a plurality of switching elements coupled to a plurality of resistance elements. The switching element and the resistance element can be separate elements, or if a set of elements can provide both a switching function and a resistance function, the set of elements is a switching element. And can act as both resistance elements, avoiding the need for separate types of elements. As an example, it is possible to manufacture a MOSFET transistor to have a resistor that provides a resistance function as well as a switching function at the same time.
The examples described above have been presented in the context of certain semiconductor processing techniques, such as complementary metal field oxide semiconductors (CMOS), but those skilled in the art may consider the disclosures presented herein to the bipolar technique. The present invention can be applied to other semiconductor processing technologies such as other types of field effect transistor technology (eg, JFET, IGFET, etc.), other types of Type IV semiconductor technology, other types of Type III-V semiconductor technology, etc. You will easily understand that there is.
Therefore, methods and devices for providing single-ended and differential signaling with selective impedance and transition time have been described. It should be appreciated that other variations and modifications of the invention in various aspects will be apparent to those skilled in the art and that the invention is not limited by the particular embodiments described. Accordingly, it is believed that all modifications, modifications, or equivalents within the spirit and scope of the underlying underlying principles disclosed and asserted herein are covered by the present invention.
<figref num="1">It is a drawing which includes the schematic diagram of the single reference termination and the central termination by the prior art.</figref><figref num="2">It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="3">It is a schematic diagram which shows the apparatus by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="4">It is a detailed schematic diagram which shows the apparatus which enables selective termination impedance control by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="5">It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus which enables selective transition time control by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="6">It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus which makes it possible to change a terminating impedance by shifting a bit according to embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="7">It is a flow chart which shows the method of selectively providing single-ended signaling and differential signaling according to the embodiment of the present invention.</figref><figref num="8">It is a flow chart which shows the method of terminating the transmission line by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="9">It is a block diagram which shows the apparatus by embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="10">It is a flow chart which shows the example of the step which carries out step 710 of FIG.</figref>
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| JP2000353035A | Cites | Japan |
20 members in 6 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 10079143 | United States of America | – | |
| 7914302 | United States of America | A | |
| 7914302 | United States of America | A | |
| 0304756 | United States of America | W | |
| 0304756 | United States of America | W | |
| 2002079143 | – | – | – |
| 2003004756 | – | – | – |
| US20020079143 | – | – | – |
| WO2003US04756 | – | – | – |
Members20
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO03071812A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| AU2003215275A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2003215275A8 | Australia | A8 | |
| WO03071812A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| US2004000924A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6683472B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2004100309A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6812736B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1476945A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| US2005104619A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2005518733A | Japan | A | |
| US2005212553A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| DE03711093T1 | Germany | T1 | |
| US7129739B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7154302B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1476945A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| JP4417112B2This record | Japan | B2 | |
| EP2378725A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP2378725A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| EP1476945B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 4417112
- Publication, DOCDB
- 4417112
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP4417112B
- Application
- 570580
- Application, DOCDB
- 2003570580
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20030570580
Titles2
- Japanese
- 制御可能なインピーダンスおよび遷移時間を有する単一端シグナリングおよび差動シグナリングを選択的に提供する方法および装置
- English
- Methods and devices that selectively provide single-ended and differential signaling with controllable impedance and transition time.
Classification
- CPC, 10
- H04L25/0298
- G06F13/4072
- G06F13/4086
- H03K17/164
- H03K19/018585
- H04L25/0272
- H04L25/0278
- H04L25/028
- H04L25/085
- H04L25/45
- IPC, 9
- H04L25 02
- G06F13 40
- H03K5 22
- H03K17 16
- H03K19 003
- H03K19 0185
- H04L25 08
- H04L25 45
- H04Q