Portable independent electric power source
6 claims: 3 independent, 3 dependent
- 1自然エネルギーを受けて発電した電力で負荷を駆動する独立電源システムであって、 発電した直流電圧を出力する直流電源と、 前記直流電源に第1の開閉手段を介して接続され 、前記直流電圧により充電され る一方で 、第1の直流電力を放電する第1の蓄電池と、 前記独立電源システムに着脱可能に構成された第2の蓄電池が装着された状態において、前記第2の蓄電池と前記独立電源システムとの電気的接続を確保するための接続部 と、 前記独立電源システムに装着された状態の前記第2の蓄電池を、前記直流電源に対して前記第1の蓄電池と並列に接続するための第2の開閉手段と 、 前記第1の蓄電池に第3の開閉手段を介して接続され、前記第1の直流電力を前記負荷に供給する 電力供給部と、 前記独立電源システムに装着された状態の前記第2の蓄電池を、前記電力供給部に対して前記第1の蓄電池と並列に接続するための第4の開閉手段と、 前記第2の蓄電池の装着が検出されたことに応じて、前記第1および第2の蓄電池の充放電動作を制御する 制御部とを備え、 前記制御部は、 充電に係わる前記第1および第2の開閉手段のうち、前記第1の開閉手段のみを閉状態として前記直流電圧により前記第1の蓄電池を充電するとともに、前記第1の蓄電池の充電完了後において、前記第2の開閉手段のみを閉状態として前記直流電圧により前記第2の蓄電池を充電する充電制御手段と 、 放電に係わる前記第3および第4の開閉手段のうち、前記第4の開閉手段のみを閉状態として前記第2の蓄電池から第2の直流電力を放電するとともに、前記第2の蓄電池の放電完了後において、前記第3の開閉手段のみを閉状態として前記第1の蓄電池から前記第1の直流電力を放電する放電制御手段とを含む 、独立電源システム。
- 2前記電力供給部は、 前記第1の蓄電池からの 前記第 1の 直流電力 および前記第2の蓄電池からの前記第2の直流電力のいずれか一方を 交流電力に変換して前記負荷に供給する電力変換部を含む、請求項1に記載の独立電源システム。
- 3前記制御部は、 前記第1および第2の蓄電池の端子間電圧を検出する検出手段と、 検出した前記端子間電圧に基づいて、対応する蓄電池が充電可能か否かを判定する第1の判定手段とを さらに 含み、 前記充電制御手段は 、前記第1の蓄電池が充電可能であるという判定結果に応じて、 前記第1の開閉手段のみを閉状態とする一方で 、前記第1の蓄電池が充電不可能であるという判定結果を受けて前記第2の蓄電池が充電可能か否かを判定し、前記第2の蓄電池が充電可能であるという判定結果に応じて、 前記第2の開閉手段のみを閉状態とする 、請求項2に記載の独立電源システム。
- 4前記制御部は、検出した前記端子間電圧に基づいて、対応する蓄電池が放電可能か否かを判定する第2の判定手段をさらに含み、 前記放電制御手段は 、前記第2の蓄電池が放電可能であるという判定結果に応じて、 前記第4の開閉手段のみを閉状態とする一方で 、前記第2の蓄電池が放電不可能であるという判定結果を受けて前記第1の蓄電池が放電可能か否かを判定し、前記第1の蓄電池が放電可能であるという判定結果に応じて、 前記第3の開閉手段のみを閉状態とする 、請求項3に記載の独立電源システム。
- 5前記第1の蓄電池は、前記第2の蓄電池よりも容量が小さいとする、請求項 4 に記載の独立電源システム。
- 6前記第1の蓄電池は、ニッケル水素蓄電池を含み、前記第2の蓄電池は、鉛蓄電池を含む、請求項 5 に記載の独立電源システム。
Independent claims6
96 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention relates to an independent power supply system, and more specifically to a small scale independent power supply system that supplies power to electrical equipment.
Solar cells directly convert solar energy into electrical energy, and are attracting attention as a clean power generation device that does not emit carbon dioxide, which is a cause of global warming, against the backdrop of growing awareness of global environmental issues in recent years. Has been done.
However, since the output power of the solar cell is not constant depending on the illuminance, in order to stably supply the power, the solar cell and the storage battery are combined to store the generated power of the solar cell in the storage battery. Independent power systems are widely used.
Although not shown, the conventional independent power supply system includes a solar cell, a storage battery that stores DC power output from the solar cell, and an inverter unit that converts DC power output from the storage battery into AC power.
In this configuration, the current generated by the solar cell flows to the storage battery or load. The storage battery discharges when the load fluctuates and the output of the solar cell cannot cover it, or when the solar cell does not generate electricity such as at night, and conversely when the load is small and the output of the solar cell has a margin. It adjusts the load, such as charging. As the storage battery, a general-purpose lead storage battery is used so that it can be easily replaced when it is exhausted.
An AC electric load is coupled to the inverter unit in parallel. The AC electric load operates by the AC power output from the inverter unit.
With such a configuration, the conventional independent power supply system can stably supply electric power to the load regardless of the change in illuminance. On the other hand, in the lead-acid battery mounted on the system, when the charge is insufficient due to bad weather, so-called sulfation occurs in which inert lead sulfate accumulates on the negative electrode plate, and the capacity is reduced and the life is shortened. There was a problem that it became shorter.
Therefore, recently, many independent power supply systems have been proposed to solve such a problem and extend the life of the storage battery (see, for example, Patent Documents 1 to 3).
FIG. 7 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the independent power supply system described in Patent Document 1.
With reference to FIG. 7, the independent power supply system is between the solar battery 100, the lead-acid battery 110, the electric double-layer capacitor 140 as an auxiliary charging means of the lead-acid battery 110, and the lead-acid battery 110 and the electric double-layer capacitor 140. The bidirectional converter 130 and the charge / discharge control circuit 120 are provided.
As shown in FIG. 7, the charge / discharge control circuit 120 electrically connects / separates the charge control switch circuit SW10 that electrically couples / separates the solar cell 100 and the lead-acid battery 110, and the lead-acid battery 110 and the load 150. Includes a separate discharge control switch circuit SW20. In the daytime, the charge / discharge control circuit 120 turns on the charge control switch circuit SW10 and charges the lead storage battery 110 with the solar cell 100. When the lead-acid battery 110 is fully charged, the charge control switch circuit SW10 is turned off to stop charging. Further, at night, when the charge / discharge control circuit 120 detects that the power generation of the solar cell 100 has stopped, the discharge control switch circuit SW20 is turned on to start supplying power from the lead-acid battery 110 to the load 150. When the discharge amount of the lead-acid battery 110 exceeds a preset value, the discharge control switch circuit SW20 is turned off to stop the discharge of the lead-acid battery 110 and prevent the lead-acid battery 110 from being over-discharged.
Here, as a means for suppressing the occurrence of sulfation in the lead-acid battery described above, it is effective to prevent the accumulation of lead sulfate by overcharging the lead-acid battery at an appropriate timing. On the other hand, in an independent power supply system that uses natural energy, there is no guarantee that the required power will always be obtained when you want to overcharge.
Therefore, in the independent power supply system of FIG. 7, the lead-acid battery 110 is provided with an electric double layer capacitor 140 for auxiliary charging, and the charge control means arranged in the bidirectional converter 130 is used to charge the lead-acid battery 110 at an appropriate time. Auxiliary charging is performed in which the amount of charge exceeds a predetermined amount.
Furthermore, in order to keep the electric double layer capacitor 140 in a fully charged state at all times, the storage capacity of the electric double layer capacitor 140 is suppressed to a small value by operating the bidirectional converter 130 to supplementally charge the electric double layer capacitor 140. be able to.
With such a configuration, the lead-acid battery 110 is periodically auxiliary charged to suppress the occurrence of sulfation, so that the life of the lead-acid battery 110 can be extended.<patcit num="1"><text>JP-A-2002-58175</text></patcit><patcit num="2"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2000-341875</text></patcit><patcit num="3"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 9-121461</text></patcit>
<p> As described above, according to the conventional independent power supply system, stable use of general electric equipment becomes possible even in an area where a commercial power system is not developed.</p><p> However, the storage battery mounted on the conventional independent power supply system is required to have a capacity capable of stably driving the load even when the illuminance is unstable. For example, in the case of a broadcast receiving device such as a portable television or a radio, since the load is small, a relatively small capacity required for a storage battery is sufficient. On the other hand, in order to stably drive a personal computer (personal computer) having a large load for a long period of time, a storage battery having a larger capacity is required. For example, in the case of stably driving a load of 30 W for 5 hours, a storage battery having a capacity of about 12 Ah is required.</p><p> For this reason, if one independent power supply system is to cover the power supply for various loads of electrical equipment, the storage battery will inevitably become large and heavy, which is a factor that hinders the portability of the independent power supply system. It was.</p><p> For example, for an independent power supply system, a user who wants to use a portable TV demands portability, while a user who wants to use a personal computer demands a power supply capacity capable of stably driving for a long time even if he / she cannot carry it. Is expected. However, at present, it has not been possible to sufficiently meet such demands of users.</p><p> Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide an independent power supply system that can accommodate a variety of electrical devices and is portable according to the user's choice.</p>
<p> According to a certain aspect of the present invention, an independent power supply system that drives a load with electric power generated by receiving natural energy, and a DC power supply that outputs the generated DC voltage.<u style="single">Connected to a DC power supply via a first opening / closing means</u>, Charged by DC voltage<u style="single">On the other hand</u>, The first storage battery that discharges the first DC power,<u style="single">A connection unit for ensuring an electrical connection between the second storage battery and the independent power supply system when a detachable second storage battery is attached to the independent power supply system.</u>When,<u style="single">As a second opening / closing means for connecting the second storage battery mounted on the independent power supply system in parallel with the first storage battery with respect to the DC power supply.</u>、<u style="single">It is connected to the first storage battery via a third opening / closing means to supply the first DC power to the load.</u>Power supply unit and<u style="single">A fourth opening / closing means for connecting the second storage battery mounted on the independent power supply system in parallel with the first storage battery to the power supply unit, and mounting of the second storage battery were detected. Controls the charging / discharging operation of the first and second storage batteries according to</u>It is equipped with a control unit. The control unit<u style="single">Of the first and second opening / closing means related to charging, only the first opening / closing means is closed to charge the first storage battery with a DC voltage, and the second opening / closing after the charging of the first storage battery is completed. With a charge control means that charges the second storage battery with a DC voltage with only the means closed.</u>、<u style="single">Of the third and fourth opening / closing means related to discharging, only the fourth opening / closing means is closed to discharge the second DC power from the second storage battery, and after the discharge of the second storage battery is completed, the second Includes a discharge control means that discharges the first DC power from the first storage battery with only the opening / closing means of 3 closed.</u>。 </p><p> Preferably, the power supply unit<u style="single">From the first battery</u>1st<u style="single">DC power</u>and<u style="single">From the second storage battery</u>Second DC power<u style="single">Either one</u>Includes a power converter that converts to AC power and supplies it to the load.</p><p> Preferably, the control unit determines whether or not the corresponding storage battery can be charged based on the detection means for detecting the voltage between the terminals of the first and second storage batteries and the detected voltage between the terminals. Means and<u style="single">further</u>Including<u style="single">Mu. Charge control means</u>, Depending on the judgment result that the first storage battery is rechargeable,<u style="single">While only the first opening / closing means is closed</u>, It is determined whether or not the second storage battery can be charged based on the determination result that the first storage battery cannot be charged, and according to the determination result that the second storage battery can be charged.<u style="single">Close only the second opening / closing means</u>。 </p><p> More preferably, the control unit further includes a second determination means for determining whether or not the corresponding storage battery can be discharged based on the detected voltage between terminals.<u style="single">Mu. Discharge control means</u>, Depending on the judgment result that the second storage battery can be discharged<u style="single">While only the fourth opening / closing means is closed</u>, It is determined whether or not the first storage battery can be discharged based on the determination result that the second storage battery cannot be discharged, and according to the determination result that the first storage battery can be discharged.<u style="single">Close only the third opening / closing means</u>。 </p><p> Preferably, the first storage battery has a smaller capacity than the second storage battery.</p><p> Preferably, the first storage battery comprises a nickel metal hydride storage battery and the second storage battery comprises a lead storage battery.</p>
<p> According to the present invention, by making the external storage battery removable, it is possible to stably supply electric power to electric devices having various loads, and to realize an independent power supply system that can be carried according to the user's application. be able to.</p><p> Furthermore, in the charging / discharging operation of the built-in storage battery and the external storage battery, by storing the power of the built-in storage battery as much as possible, it is possible to maintain the state in which it can be used as a portable power supply system and respond to any timing specified by the user. ..</p>
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings. The same or corresponding parts in the drawings are designated by the same reference numerals, and the description thereof will not be repeated.
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an independent power supply system according to an embodiment of the present invention.
With reference to FIG. 1, the independent power supply system 10 includes a solar cell 20, a small low-capacity storage battery (hereinafter, also referred to as a built-in storage battery) 30 arranged inside the system, and a large-capacity storage battery arranged outside the system. It includes 40 (hereinafter, also referred to as an external storage battery), a charge controller 50 that supplies DC power output from each storage battery to an electric load 60, and a backflow prevention diode 70.
The solar cell 20 has a modular structure in which a plurality of cell solar cell elements are coupled in series, and has a rated voltage and a rated power of 25V and 55W, respectively. In the present embodiment, for example, an integrated amorphous silicon solar cell formed on a thin film substrate is used in consideration of the use in consumer equipment such as a portable television.
The built-in storage battery 30 is coupled in parallel with the solar cell 20 to store the DC power generated by the solar cell 20. As the built-in storage battery 30, for example, a lithium ion battery having a capacity of 5.4 Ah, a high energy density, and a light weight is used. The capacity of the built-in storage battery 30 is equivalent to about 1/5 of the capacity of a general lead storage battery installed in a conventional independent power supply system. Therefore, the independent power supply system of the present embodiment can be carried because the storage battery is dramatically reduced in size and weight.
The external storage battery 40 is coupled in parallel with the solar cell 20 to store the DC power generated by the solar cell 20. As shown in FIG. 1, the external storage battery 40 is arranged outside the independent power supply system 10, and can be freely attached to and detached from the independent power supply system 10 by the connector 80. The external storage battery 40 has a capacity of, for example, 12 Ah, and a relatively inexpensive lead storage battery is used in consideration of cost. The external storage battery 40 of the present embodiment is a conventional independent power supply system.<u style="single">To</u>It has a capacity almost equal to the capacity of the mounted storage battery, and is significantly larger in volume and weight than the built-in storage battery 30.
The built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40 are individually electrically coupled / separated from the solar cell 20 by turning on / off the switch circuits SW1 and SW2 shown in FIG. Since the switch circuits SW1 and SW2 are turned on in a complementary manner, one of the two storage batteries is selectively coupled to the solar cell 20. The control of such switching operation will be described in detail later.
Table 1 shows an example of the performance of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40 used in the present embodiment.
<tables num="1"><img file="JP3887635B2_D0001.tif" /></tables>
With reference to Table 1, the built-in storage battery 30 has a charging characteristic of 14.4V, which is a criterion for determining whether or not charging is possible, and starts charging operation when the voltage between terminals falls below this voltage value. .. Hereinafter, the voltage value is also referred to as a rechargeable voltage.
Further, when the built-in storage battery 30 is fully charged and is fully charged, a terminal voltage of 15.0 V is detected. In the following, the voltage value is used as a criterion for determining charging stop, and is also referred to as charging stop voltage.
Similarly, as shown in Table 1, the charging characteristics of the external storage battery 40 are such that the terminal voltage 14.2V is the rechargeable voltage and the terminal voltage 14.8V is the charging stop voltage.
On the other hand, regarding the discharge characteristics, the built-in storage battery 30 has a voltage value of 12.4 V, which is a criterion for determining whether or not discharge is possible, and enables discharge operation when the voltage between terminals exceeds this voltage value. Hereinafter, the voltage value is also referred to as a discharge start voltage.
Further, when the built-in storage battery 30 is discharged and becomes over-discharged, a terminal voltage of 10.0 V is detected. Hereinafter, the voltage value is used as a criterion for determining discharge stop, and is also referred to as a discharge stop voltage.
Similarly, for the external storage battery 40, the terminal voltage of 12.4 V is used as the discharge start voltage, and the terminal voltage of 10.0 V is used as the discharge stop voltage.
Here, as described above, the user can freely attach / detach the external storage battery 40 from the independent power supply system 10 by using the connector 80. Therefore, when the external storage battery 40 is removed, the independent power supply system 10 is reduced in size and weight and can be carried.
Specifically, when the electric load 60 of the electric device to be used is small, the solar cell 20 and the built-in storage battery 30 can supply sufficient electric power, so that the external storage battery 40 is removed from the independent power supply system 10. As a result, the independent power supply system 10 can be carried. In a portable state, the independent power supply system 10 can be used as a power source for broadcast receiving devices such as portable TVs and radios used outdoors, as a power source for portable audio devices such as tape recorders and minidiscs, or as a power source for mobile phones. It can be used as a charger.
On the other hand, when the independent power supply system 10 wants to drive a portable personal computer having a large electric load 60, the solar cell 20 and the built-in storage battery 30 alone cannot supply sufficient power. Therefore, in this case, the user attaches the large-capacity external storage battery 40 to the independent power supply system 10 via the connector 80. As a result, the electric load 60 can be sufficiently driven by the solar cell 20, the external storage battery 40, and the built-in storage battery 30.
Furthermore, regardless of the magnitude of the electric load 60, when the weather conditions are poor and sufficient illuminance cannot be stably obtained, the power generation capacity of the solar cell 20 will decline. It is possible to maintain a stable power supply.
With such a configuration, it is possible to guarantee a stable power supply to electric devices having various loads and to construct a portable independent power supply system according to the user's application.
Here, in order to enable the independent power supply system 10 to be used in a portable state at an arbitrary timing specified by the user, the built-in storage battery 30 is a predetermined minimum required to drive the load. It is required that the amount of electric power is always stored.
Therefore, in the present embodiment, an independent power supply system having excellent portability is proposed by holding the DC power stored in the built-in storage battery as much as possible by controlling the charging / discharging operation of the storage battery shown below.
With reference to FIG. 1, the independent power supply system 10 has switch circuits SW1 to SW4 and a charge controller 50 as parts for controlling the charging operation from the solar cell 20 to each storage battery and the discharging operation from each storage battery to the electric load 60. It further includes a control unit (not shown) arranged inside.
The switch circuit SW1 is turned on / off according to the drive signal SG1 from the control unit of the charge controller 50, and electrically couples / separates the solar cell 20 and the built-in storage battery 30. The switch circuit SW2 turns on / off according to the drive signal SG2 from the charge controller 50, and electrically couples / separates the solar cell 20 and the external storage battery 40. The switch circuit SW3 is turned on / off according to the drive signal SG3 from the charge controller 50, and electrically couples / separates the built-in storage battery 30 and the charge controller 50. The switch circuit SW4 is turned on / off according to the drive signal SG4 from the charge controller 50, and electrically couples / separates the external storage battery 40 and the charge controller 50.
In this configuration, the switch circuit SW1 and the switch circuit SW2 are complementarily turned on / off during the charging operation, and selectively couples one of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40 with the solar cell 20. Further, the switch circuit SW3 and the switch circuit SW4 are complementarily turned on / off during the discharging operation, and selectively couples one of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40 with the charge controller 50. The on / off control of these switch circuits SW1 to SW4 is performed in response to the drive signals SG1 to SG4 generated by the control unit in the charge controller 50. The control of such charge / discharge operation will be described in detail below.
FIG. 2 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining the details of the independent power supply system 10 of FIG.
With reference to FIG. 2, between the anode of the solar cell 20 and the anode of the built-in storage battery 30<u style="single">In Figure 1</u>The N-channel transistor Tr1 is coupled as the switch circuit SW1. Similarly, an N-channel transistor Tr2 is coupled between the anode of the solar cell 20 and the anode of the external storage battery 40 as the switch circuit SW2 of FIG. These N-channel transistors Tr1 and Tr2 are turned on in response to the activation ("H (logical high)" level) of the drive signals SG1 and SG2, respectively, and electrically couple the corresponding storage battery and the solar cell 20. ..
Further, an N-channel transistor Tr3 is coupled between the anode of the internal storage battery 30 and the power supply unit 51 in the charge controller 50 as the switch circuit SW3 of FIG. Similarly, an N-channel transistor Tr4 is coupled between the anode of the external storage battery 40 and the power supply unit 51 as the switch circuit SW4 of FIG. These N-channel transistors Tr3 and Tr4 are turned on according to the activation ("H" level) of the drive signals SG3 and SG4, respectively, and electrically couple the corresponding storage battery and the power supply unit 51.
The switch circuits SW1 to SW4 are not specified as the N-channel transistors exemplified in this embodiment, and other switching elements that open and close in response to an electric signal can be applied.
As shown in FIG. 2, the charge controller 50 generates the power supply unit 51 that supplies the DC power output from the discharged storage battery to the electric load 60, and the drive signals SG1 to SG4 to generate the above-mentioned charge / discharge operation. Includes a control unit 52 that controls.
As an example, the power supply unit 51 is composed of an inverter unit 51A that converts DC power output from a storage battery into AC power and supplies it to an electric load 60, as shown in FIG.
FIG. 3 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining an example of the independent power supply system 10 of FIG. Note that FIG. 3 shows the power supply unit 51 in the charge controller 50 of FIG. 2 changed to the inverter unit 51A.
With reference to FIG. 3, the inverter section 51A is roughly classified into a step-up transformer T1 for boosting the output DC voltage of the storage battery, a rectifier circuit, a filter circuit, a self-excited inverter, and an output filter circuit.
The step-up transformer T1 inputs the power converted from DC to AC by the on / off control of the N-channel transistor Tr50 to the primary side, and the AC power boosted to a peak voltage of about 135V is transferred to the secondary side. It is output.
The AC power generated by the step-up transformer T1 is input to the rectifier circuit. The rectifying circuit consists of diodes D1 and D2 connected in opposite directions to the coil on the secondary side of transformer T1 and capacitors C2 and C3 connected in series between the cathode of diode D1 and the anode of diode D2. And include.
The rectifier circuit has a full waveform, and when the capacitors C2 and C3 are charged to the peak value of the AC voltage, an output voltage of about 270V, which is about twice the peak value of the input AC voltage, is obtained. Be done.
Further, the capacitor C4 connected in series with the capacitors C2 and C3 is charged to the voltage between the terminals of the storage battery via the diode D3. Therefore, the DC voltage output between the terminals of the capacitors C2 to C4 is about 284V.
The filter circuit includes the inductor L1 and the capacitor C5, removes the high frequency component from the obtained DC voltage, and transmits it to the self-excited inverter in the subsequent stage.
The self-excited inverter converts the input DC power into AC power with a frequency of 60 Hz by alternately conducting a set of switch circuits consisting of N-channel transistors Tr51 and Tr54 and a set of switch circuits consisting of N-channel transistors Tr52 and Tr53. Convert to. The opening and closing of the switch circuit is controlled by a control signal from the control unit 52. The obtained AC power is supplied to the electric load 60 through the output filter circuit. The output filter circuit is composed of a choke coil L2 and a capacitor C6. PWM (pulse width modulation) control can also be used as a method for converting DC power into AC power.
Further, in FIG. 3, an example in which the power supply unit 51 of FIG. 2 is configured by the inverter unit 51A has been described, but as another example, the power supply unit 51 is used to generate electricity without converting the DC power output from the storage battery. It may be configured to supply to the load 60.
FIG. 4 is a circuit configuration diagram for explaining another example of the independent power supply system 10 of FIG. Note that FIG. 4 shows the power supply unit 51 in the charge controller 50 of FIG. 2 changed to the power supply unit 51B.
With reference to FIG. 4, the power supply unit 51B includes a filter circuit including inductors L3 and L4 and capacitors C7 and C8.
The filter circuit removes high-frequency components from the DC power obtained from the discharged storage battery and outputs it to the electric load 60. At this time, although not shown, the power supply unit 51B is further provided with a step-up circuit or a step-down circuit to boost or step down the voltage of DC power to a desired voltage level and supply it to the electric load 60. be able to.
Further, if the power supply unit 51 is configured to selectively supply either AC power or DC power to the electric load 60, it is possible to supply power suitable for the connected electric load 60. It will be possible.
Next, charge / discharge control of each storage battery performed by the control unit 52 of the charge controller 50 will be described. The following control is commonly performed in any of the control units 52 of the independent power supply system 10 shown in FIGS. 2 to 4.
With reference to FIG. 2, the control unit 52 constantly detects the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40, and outputs drive signals SG1 to SG4 for executing / stopping charging / discharging of each storage battery. ..
Specifically, the control unit 52 detects the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 and determines whether or not the built-in storage battery 30 is in a rechargeable state. When the terminal-to-terminal voltage is less than or equal to the rechargeable voltage of 14.4V shown in Table 1, the built-in storage battery 30 is determined to be rechargeable, and the control unit 52 outputs the activated ("H" level) drive signal SG1. .. After that, when the charging stop voltage reaches 15.0V and it is detected that the battery is fully charged, it is determined that charging is not possible, and the deactivated ("L (logical low)" level) drive signal SG1 is output. To do.
Similarly, the control unit 52 detects the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 and determines whether or not the external storage battery 40 is in a rechargeable state. Specifically, the control unit 52 detects the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 and determines whether or not the external storage battery 40 is in a rechargeable state. When the voltage between terminals is the rechargeable voltage 14.2V or less shown in Table 1, it is determined that the external storage battery 40 is rechargeable, and the control unit 52 outputs the activated ("H" level) drive signal SG2. .. After that, when it is detected that the voltage between terminals reaches the charging stop voltage of 14.8V and it is in a fully charged state, it is determined that charging is not possible and the deactivated ("L" level) drive signal SG2 is output. To do. When the external storage battery 40 is not attached to the independent power supply system 10, the drive signal SG2 is fixed at the "L" level.
Here, the charging operation of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40 is not performed at the same time, and the built-in storage battery 30 is preferentially executed. Specifically, when the control unit 52 determines that the built-in storage battery 30 can be charged, it activates the drive signal SG1 and complementarily deactivates the drive signal SG2. As a result, the built-in storage battery 30 is combined with the solar cell 20 to start the charging operation, while the external storage battery 40 is forcibly separated regardless of its charging state.
Further, when the control unit 52 detects that the built-in storage battery 30 has been fully charged, it deactivates the drive signal SG1 and detects the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40, and if it can be charged, the drive signal is complementary. Activates SG2. As a result, the built-in storage battery 30 is separated from the solar cell 20, while the external storage battery 40 is combined with the solar cell 20 to start the charging operation.
FIG. 5 is a flow chart for explaining the charging operation in the independent power supply system 10 of FIG.
As a premise of the charging operation described below, the user of the independent power supply system 10 determines whether or not to install the external storage battery 40 based on the size of the electric load 60, the usage time, the weather conditions, and the like. When the user determines that the external storage battery 40 needs to be installed, the external storage battery 40 is installed via the connector 80. On the other hand, when the user determines that the external storage battery 40 is unnecessary, the independent power supply system 10 is in a portable state without the external storage battery 40 being attached.
First, it is determined whether or not the built-in storage battery 30 can be charged (step S02). Specifically, the control unit 52 in the charge controller 50 detects the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 and determines whether the detected value is lower than the chargeable voltage 14.4V.
In step S03, when the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 is lower than the rechargeable voltage, the control unit 52 outputs the activated drive signal SG1 and the deactivated drive signal SG2. When the switch circuit SW1 is turned on and the switch circuit SW2 is turned off in response to each drive signal, the built-in storage battery 30 is selectively combined with the solar cell 20 to generate power of the solar cell 20 in preference to the external storage battery 40. Store DC power (step S03).
When the charging operation of the built-in storage battery 30 is completed, the charging operation of the external storage battery 40 is started. Specifically, when the external storage battery 40 is mounted in step S04, the control unit 52 detects the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 and determines whether or not the detected value is lower than the rechargeable voltage 14.2V. (Step S05).
In step S05, when the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 is lower than the rechargeable voltage, the control unit 52 outputs the activated drive signal SG2 and the deactivated drive signal SG1. When the switch circuit SW2 is turned on and the switch circuit SW1 is turned off in response to each drive signal, the external storage battery 40 is selectively coupled with the solar cell 20 to store the generated DC power (step S06).
The external storage battery 40 is charged until the terminal voltage reaches the charge stop voltage of 14.8V. Finally, when it is detected in step S05 that the charging of the external storage battery 40 is completed, the control unit 52 deactivates both the drive signals SG1 and SG2. As a result, both the switch circuits SW1 and SW2 are turned off, and each storage battery and the solar cell 20 are separated (step S07).
As described above, in the charging operation of the independent power supply system 10, the built-in storage battery 30 is charged with priority over the external storage battery 40, and is switched to the charging of the external storage battery 40 after the charging of the built-in storage battery 30 is completed. As a result, the independent power supply system 10 can quickly store DC power in the built-in storage battery 30 and shift to a portable state. With reference to FIG. 2 again, the control unit 52 is parallel to the charging operation described above. Then, the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 is detected, and it is determined whether or not the built-in storage battery 30 is in a dischargeable state. When the voltage between terminals is 12.4V or higher as shown in Table 1, the control unit 52 determines that the built-in storage battery 30 can be discharged, and outputs an activated ("H" level) drive signal SG3. .. On the other hand, when the voltage between terminals reaches the discharge stop voltage of 10.0 V and is in an over-discharged state, it is determined that discharge is not possible, and the deactivated ("L" level) drive signal SG3 is output.
Similarly, the control unit 52 detects the voltage between terminals of the external storage battery 40 and determines whether or not the external storage battery 40 is in a dischargeable state. Specifically, when the voltage between terminals is 12.4 V or higher, which is the discharge start voltage shown in Table 1, the control unit 52 determines that the external storage battery 40 can be discharged, and activates ("H" level) the drive signal. Output SG4. On the other hand, when the voltage between terminals reaches the discharge stop voltage of 10.0 V and is in an over-discharged state, it is determined that discharge is not possible, and the deactivated ("L" level) drive signal SG4 is output. When the external storage battery 40 is not installed, the drive signal SG4 is fixed at the "L" level.
In the discharging operation of the built-in storage battery 30 and the external storage battery 40, the external storage battery 40 is preferentially executed in contrast to the charging operation described above. Specifically, when the control unit 52 determines that the external storage battery 40 can be discharged, the control unit 52 activates the drive signal SG4 and complementarily deactivates the drive signal SG3. As a result, the external storage battery 40 becomes the charge controller 50.<u style="single">Power supply</u>The built-in storage battery 30 is forcibly separated while being combined with the 51 to start the discharge operation.
Further, when the control unit 52 detects that the external storage battery 40 is in an over-discharged state, it deactivates the drive signal SG4, detects the voltage between the terminals of the internal storage battery 30, and complementates it if it can be discharged. Activates the drive signal SG3. As a result, the external storage battery 40 is separated from the charge controller 50, while the built-in storage battery 30 is combined with the charge controller 50 to start the discharge operation.
FIG. 6 is a flow chart for explaining the discharge operation in the independent power supply system 10 of FIG.
As a premise of the discharge operation, the user of the independent power supply system 10 determines whether or not the external storage battery 40 is necessary or not based on the size of the electric load 60, the usage time, the weather conditions, and the like. When the user determines that the external storage battery 40 needs to be installed, the external storage battery 40 is installed via the connector 80. On the other hand, when the user determines that the external storage battery 40 is unnecessary, the independent power supply system 10 is in a portable state without the external storage battery 40 being attached.
First, it is confirmed whether or not the external storage battery 40 is installed in the independent power supply system 10 (step S12).
When it is confirmed in step S12 that the external storage battery 40 is installed, it is determined whether or not the external storage battery 40 can be discharged (step S13). Specifically, the control unit 52 in the charge controller 50 detects the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 and determines whether or not the detected value is higher than the discharge start voltage of 12.4V.
In step S13, when the voltage between the terminals of the external storage battery 40 is higher than the discharge start voltage, the control unit 52 outputs the activated drive signal SG4 and the deactivated drive signal SG3. When the switch circuit SW4 is turned on and the switch circuit SW3 is turned off, the external storage battery 40 is selectively coupled with the charge controller 50 to supply power to the electric load 60 in preference to the built-in storage battery 30 (step S14). ).
On the other hand, when the external storage battery 40 is in an over-discharged state and the discharge stop voltage reaches 10.0 V, the operation shifts to the discharge operation of the built-in storage battery 30. The control unit 52 detects the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 and determines whether or not the detected value is higher than the discharge start voltage of 12.4V (step S15).
In step S15, when the voltage between the terminals of the built-in storage battery 30 is higher than the discharge start voltage, the control unit 52 outputs the activated drive signal SG3 and the deactivated drive signal SG4. When the switch circuit SW3 is turned on and the switch circuit SW4 is turned off, the built-in storage battery 30 is selectively coupled with the charge controller 50 to supply electric power to the electric load 60 (step S16).
Finally, in step S16, when the over-discharged state of the built-in storage battery 30 is detected, the control unit 52 deactivates both the drive signals SG3 and SG4. As a result, the switch circuits SW3 and SW4 are both turned off, and each storage battery and the charge controller 50 are separated (step S17).
As described above, in the discharging operation of the independent power supply system 10, the external storage battery 40 is discharged with priority over the built-in storage battery 30, and is switched to the discharging of the built-in storage battery 30 after the discharge of the external storage battery 40 is completed. As a result, the independent power supply system 10 can quickly respond to the portable state because the DC power stored in the built-in storage battery 30 is retained as much as possible.
In the independent power supply system according to the present embodiment, the solar cell is not specified as the exemplified amorphous silicon solar cell, and can be applied to any solar cell such as crystalline silicon or a compound semiconductor type. Furthermore, it can be realized not only in solar cells but also in power generation devices such as fuel cells.
As described above, according to the embodiment of the present invention, by making the external storage battery removable, it is possible to stably supply electric power to electric devices having various loads, and it is possible to stably supply electric power according to the user's application. A portable independent power supply system can be realized.
Furthermore, in the charging / discharging operation of the built-in storage battery and the external storage battery, the DC power stored in the built-in storage battery is retained as much as possible to maintain the state in which it can be used as a portable power supply system and to respond to any timing specified by the user. Can be done.
Further, since the solar cell is used as the power generation means, it is not necessary to carry the fuel for generating electric power, and the portability is further improved.
It should be considered that the embodiments disclosed this time are exemplary in all respects and not restrictive. The scope of the present invention is shown by the scope of claims rather than the above description, and it is intended to include all modifications within the meaning and scope equivalent to the scope of claims.
<figref num="1">It is a block diagram which shows the structure of the independent power-source system according to embodiment of this invention.</figref><figref num="2">It is a circuit block diagram for demonstrating the detail of the independent power supply system of FIG.</figref><figref num="3">It is a circuit block diagram for demonstrating an example of the independent power supply system of FIG.</figref><figref num="4">It is a circuit block diagram for demonstrating another example of the independent power supply system of FIG.</figref><figref num="5">It is a flow chart for demonstrating the charging operation in the independent power supply system of FIG.</figref><figref num="6">It is a flow chart for demonstrating the discharge operation in the independent power supply system of FIG.</figref><figref num="7">It is a block diagram which shows an example of the structure of the conventional independent power supply system.</figref>
Code description
10 Independent power supply system, 20,100 solar cells, 30 internal storage batteries, 40 external storage batteries, 50 charge controller, 51,51B power supply unit, 51A inverter unit, 52 control unit, 60 electric load, 70 backflow prevention diode, 80 connector, 110 lead Storage battery, 120 charge / discharge control circuit, 130 bidirectional converter, 140 electric double layer capacitor, 150 load, SW1 ~ SW4, SW10, SW20 switch circuit, Tr1 ~ Tr4, Tr50 ~ Tr54 N channel transistor, T1 transformer, D1 ~ D3 Diode, C1 ~ C8 capacitor, L1, L3, L4 inductor, L2 choke coil, R1 resistor.
8 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office |
|---|---|---|
| JP09121461A | Cites | Japan |
| JP09046926A | Cites | Japan |
| JP2002058175A | Cites | Japan |
| JP2000341875A | Cites | Japan |
7 members in 4 offices
Members7
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP1528652A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| US2005093514A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2005160290A | Japan | A | |
| EP1528652A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| JP3887635B2This record | Japan | B2 | |
| EP1528652B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ES2383891T3 | Spain | T3 |
8 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Cancellation because of no payment of annual feesLAPS | LAPS | |
| Certificate of patent or registration of utility modelJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: R150R150 | R150 | |
| First payment of annual fees (during grant procedure)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A61A61 | A61 | |
| Written decision to grant a patent or to grant a registration (utility model)JAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A01A01 | A01 | |
| Decision of grant or rejection writtenTRDD | TRDD | |
| Written amendmentJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A523A521 | A521 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 | |
| Report on retrievalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A971007A977 | A977 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 3887635
- Application
- 262833
Titles2
- Japanese
- 独立電源システム
- English
- Independent power supply system
Classification
- CPC, 5
- H02J7/56
- H02J7/35
- H02J2207/20
- Y02E10/56
- H02J7/585
- IPC, 5
- H02J7 34
- H01M10 44
- H02J7 00
- H02J7 02
- H02J7 35
