Recording medium and method for managing data

The present invention relates to the field of optical recording media, and particularly in a recording medium in which a plurality of zones are composed of one group and a margin space for defect management is provided for the group. The present invention relates to a disk for storing zone-specific start position information after initialization or reinitialization, and a method for managing data using the information.

[0002] The disc is divided into zones in the case of constant linear velocity (CLV), which solves the problem of not being recorded accurately due to a change in the speed of the spindle, and in the case of CLV recording. This is because the search speed is reduced and the Zoned Constant Linear Velocity (ZLCV) method is used to increase the recording density compared to the recording by the Constant Angular Velocity (CAV) method.

[0003] In the case of a recordable and / or reproducible disc managed by a predetermined defect management method, a defect area is generated and searched through the disk initialization verification process. For such defect management, the physical sector number for indicating the physical actual position on the disk and the logical sector number for recording and managing the file by the file system are managed separately. That is, guard areas, defects for adjusting speed changes in unused spaces, such as lead-in areas or boundaries between zones, for recording files on the physical sector number by the file system. A continuous logical sector number is assigned so that the file can be recorded and played back in the remaining space outside the area where the problem occurred. The file system records and plays the file on disk by such a logical sector number, and the recording and / or playback device is given the position to record and / or play from the file system as the logical sector number and then to the logical sector number. Search for the appropriate physical sector number and perform recording and / or playback operation.

[0004] Therefore, if the calculation of the logical sector number is mistaken in any of the playback devices, the file is recorded in a physically different space and cannot be read by another playback device, or the data already recorded by the other playback device. Problems such as making it impossible to use the already recorded data by recording the data in combination with the above occur.

[0005] [Problems to be Solved by the Invention] In order to solve the above problems, an object of the present invention is to use a plurality of recording media by a speed control method for controlling a speed for each zone such as a zone linear velocity or a zone angular velocity. A recording medium that stores start position information for each zone after time initialization or reinitialization, when multiple zones are formed into one group and there is a margin space for defect management for that group. Is to provide. Another object of the present invention is to minimize data damage due to start logic sector number calculation errors that can occur between different recording and / or playback devices, and to ensure stable data recording and / or playback. The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for managing data based on zone-specific start position information recorded on a disk.

[Means for Solving the Problems] In order to achieve the above object, the recording medium according to the present invention is a recording medium composed of a plurality of zones for managing defects, and the recording medium is composed of a plurality of zones. It is composed of groups, has a margin space for replacing defects for the group, and is characterized in that the start position information for each zone is stored in a predetermined area. In order to achieve the other object, the data management method according to the present invention comprises forming a plurality of zones into one group in order to manage defects of a disk composed of a plurality of zones, and detecting defects in the group. Each stored in a predetermined area in a data management method for a playback-only device that has a margin space for replacement and has a start position information for each zone stored in a predetermined area for playing a disk. It is characterized by including a step of reading the start position information for the zone and a step of accessing and reproducing the data based on the read start position information. Further, in the data management method according to the present invention, in order to manage defects of a disk composed of a plurality of zones, a plurality of zones are composed of one group, and there is a margin space for replacing defects in the group. In the data management method for the recording / playback combined device that records / reproduces the disk in which the start position information for each zone is stored in the predetermined area, for each zone stored in the predetermined area. Data if the read start position information is read, the start position information for each zone is calculated based on the primary defect list information, and the read start position information and the calculated start position information match. It is characterized by including a step of performing a reading and writing operation of. Further, in the method of the present invention, if the read start position information and the calculated start position information do not match, only the data reading operation is performed based on the start position information stored in the predetermined area. It is characterized by further inclusion.

[Embodiments of the Invention] Hereinafter, a recording medium for storing zone-specific start position information according to the present invention and a desirable embodiment of a data management method using this information will be described with reference to the attached drawings.

[0008] First, a defect management method will be described for understanding the present invention. As a method of managing defects in general recordable and / or re-recordable discs, use slip replacement, which skips defects that occur during disk initialization ("primary defects") without a logical sector number. However, for defects that occur while the disk is in use ("secondary defects"), use linear substitution that replaces the error correction code ("ECC") of the error occurrence zone with a normal block in the margin space in block units. There is.

[0009] That is, the slip replacement method is to assign a logical sector number assigned to a defective sector to the sector next to the defective sector found in the verification process of inspecting the defect of the disk at the time of disk initialization. That is, it is a method for minimizing the decrease in recording or reproduction speed due to defects by ignoring and skipping sectors in which defects occur during recording or reproduction and recording or reproducing data. At this time, the actual logical sector number is pushed later by the sector number specified by skipping, but this pushing phenomenon is a sector in which a defect has only occurred in the margin space located at the end of the corresponding recording area (group or zone). The location of the defective sector replaced by slip replacement is now recorded in the Primary Defect List (PDL) of the Defect Management Area (DMA) of the disk. It is stipulated.

[0010] In the case of a defect that occurs while using the disk, the slip replacement method cannot be used. If the defective part is ignored and skipped, the logical sector number will be discontinuous, which violates the file system convention. Therefore, if a defect occurs while using the disk, the linear replacement method is used, which replaces the ECC block containing the defective sector with the ECC block in the margin space and replaces it by linear replacement. The defect block position is specified to be recorded in the SDL (Secondary Defect List) of the defect management area of the disk. However, when using the linear substitution method, there is no blank in the logical sector number, but if there is a defect, the position of the sector on the disk is discontinuous and the actual data for the defective ECC block exists in the margin space.

[0011] On the other hand, as an example of an optical disc, DVD-RAM according to the revised version 1.0 of the standard is composed of a plurality of groups having a certain user area and spare space for each zone. That is, FIGS. 1 (a) and 1 (b) show the logical space and the physical space of some zones on the disk one-dimensionally, and each zone of the physical space is a guard area, a user area, a margin space, and so on. It is in the order of guard areas. That is, 101 indicates a user area, 102 indicates a margin space, 103 indicates a guard area, 104 indicates a defect sector, and 105 indicates a slip-replaced margin space. The guard area 103 is a buffer zone for preventing instability of driving due to a difference in rotational speed between zones, and is assigned to a start portion and an end portion of the zone.

[0012] As described above, the existing defect management method forms one group for each zone and allocates a margin space at the end of each group. Each group consists of one defect management area. In addition, Fig. 1 (b) shows the phenomenon that the logical sector number is pushed later by slip substitution. However, when the margin space is arranged for each zone, such a pressing phenomenon ends in the margin space of the corresponding zone, and the starting logical sector number of the next zone does not change according to the amount of defects and is shown in Fig. 1 (a). As you can see, it is decided in advance. Therefore, since the start sector number of each group is determined in advance by the standard, it is not necessary to manage the start logical sector number for each zone separately in order to search for the corresponding zone when reading the data on the disk. ..

However, since the starting logical sector number of each group is specified in this way, there is a restriction that slip replacement should be performed only in the corresponding group when managing defects by slip replacement. This is because the number of sectors that can be skipped by the defective sector when trying to replace the defect generated in the relevant group by slip replacement can be limited to the number of available sectors in the spare space in the relevant group. Therefore, even for a large defect generated in one group, the maximum size of the defect that can be slip-replaced is restricted by the constraint that should be processed only within the group.

[0014] If the number of defects replaced by slip substitution is larger than the size of the margin space of the corresponding group, the margin space in another group should be used by using the linear substitution method. However, in the case of linear substitution, defect management is performed not in sector units but in ECC block units, that is, in 16 sector units, so 16 sector margin space is required to process one defect sector. There is a problem that the efficiency of defect management is inferior. In addition, since the size of the margin space for defect management is also fixed as a standard, the fixed margin space must be allocated even in application examples where defect management using linear substitution cannot be applied, such as real-time recording. There is a problem that the efficiency of space utilization is inferior.

[0015] As a measure to solve such a problem, a new defect in which a plurality of zones are formed into one group and a margin space is arranged at the start portion or the end portion of the group for one group, respectively or independently. A management method has been proposed.

[0016] When a plurality of zones are formed by one group, a phenomenon occurs in which the starting logical sector number for each zone changes depending on the number of defects. In particular, when the margin space is at the starting position of the group, the slip substitution should be reversed, which causes a problem that the calculation at initialization becomes considerably complicated. In particular, slip replacement causes the starting sector of the ECC block to be inconsistent at the start of the zone and places the cracked ECC block at the boundary of the zone. The calculation of the starting logical sector number for each zone becomes more complicated if the remaining sectors that cannot form one ECC block on the boundary of the zone are further skipped to prevent the ECC blocks from cracking in each zone.

That is, in FIGS. 2 (a) and 2 (b), a plurality of zones are formed by one group, and only one margin space for slip replacement is arranged for the group. It is a drawing which shows space and physical space respectively, and also explains that the starting logical sector number in each zone changes. Each zone is a guard area, a user area, and a guard area, and a spare space 204 for one group is allocated to the last part of the group. 201 indicates the user area, 202 indicates the guard area, and 203 indicates the defective sector.

[0018] The logical sector number assigned as the start logical sector number of the second zone Zone # 1 when there is no defect with respect to the first zone Zone # 0 is m + 1, and the start logical sector number of the third zone is set to m + 1. If is n + 1 for the case without defects, the starting logical sector number is pushed after the number of defective sectors when initialization defects occur in each zone.

That is, if there are i defective sectors in the first zone Zone # 0 as shown in FIG. 2 (b), the (i) logical sector numbers are pushed later. If there are no defects, the last logical sector number assigned to the first zone Zone # 0 is m, as shown in Figure 2 (a), but it is assigned to the first zone according to the number of defective sectors i. The last logical sector number is mi.

Therefore, in the case of version 1.0 of the DVD-RAM standard, if the user space allocated to the first zone is m sector, the starting logical sector number of the second zone Zone # 1 is as predetermined. It starts with m + 1, but if there is no spare space in each zone, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), the starting logical sector number of the next zone is pressed by i and m-i + 1 is the second. It is the starting logical sector number of Zone # 1 of.

[0021] In the case of the next zone Zone # 2, if the number of defects generated from the start of the group to just before the corresponding zone is j, the starting logical sector number is n-j + 1. At this time, i and j have an additional margin space to prevent the phenomenon that the start position of the ECC block deviates due to the defective sector at the boundary of each zone (that is, in order to align the start position of the ECC block at the start position of the zone, It also contains additional margin space needed to skip further extra sectors that cannot form one ECC block at the end of each zone, so that only this extra margin space is the starting logical sector number for each zone. Is pushed further later.

[0022] Here, the margin space 204 may be arranged in the last portion or the first portion for one group. In such a case, slip substitution is performed in the reverse direction from the back to the front, further complicating the calculation of the starting logical sector number for each zone. In the case of slip replacement in the reverse direction, in addition to the slip replacement being performed in the reverse direction, an extra sector that cannot form one ECC block that occurs at the zone boundary after the slip replacement is also generated at the start position of the zone. Therefore, complicated calculations such as relocating this to the last part of the zone are required.

[0023] Considering that the part where the file system is recorded is generally the part where the logical sector number of the disk starts, if the margin space is located at the front of the group, the logical sector number may be calculated incorrectly. It is easy to have a problem that the file system cannot be read due to the problem that the pressing phenomenon is propagated before.

Therefore, unlike existing defect management methods, when a plurality of zones are formed in one group to manage defects in this way, the starting logical sector number for each zone changes due to the problem of recording and / / Alternatively, the playback device should calculate the starting logical sector number for each zone for correct recording and / or playback of the disc. On the other hand, when trying to read a disc with a read-only device such as a DVD-ROM player or a DVD player, there is a problem that the firmware of the player becomes large due to the problem of reading the starting logical sector number for each zone for the disc. Occur.

[0025] Figures 3 (a) and 3 (b) show the start of a zone if a complex start logical sector number is miscalculated in a particular part due to a recording and / or playback device design error or a firmware software bug. The case where the logical sector number changes is shown. As the calculation of the logical start position of the zone becomes complicated, if the start logical sector of the zone is calculated incorrectly in a specific part due to a software error of the microcomputer that controls the initialization of the playback device, the logic of the file in any zone Zone # K The position of the physical space (Fig. 3 (b)) corresponding to the space (Fig. 3 (a)) should be normally recorded in 301, but it may be recorded in the wrong position such as 302. ..

[0026] Due to the start logical sector number calculated incorrectly in this way, a section 303 in which the logical sector numbers overlap is generated as shown in FIG. 3 (b), or a section 304 in which the logical sector numbers are simply deviated is generated. It may occur, or an empty space 305 with no specified logical sector number may occur. In particular, when a section 303 in which the logical sector numbers overlap and a vacant space 305 occur, it can be easily found by any of the corresponding playback devices, but otherwise, the section 304 that is simply out of alignment cannot be easily found. .. In the wrongly calculated drive system, the wrong starting logical sector number calculation can cause problems that the position is recorded incorrectly or the normally recorded part cannot be read.

[0027] When a file is recorded abnormally in this way, an erroneously recorded disc is recorded and / or played back by a normal recording and / or playback device, or a normally recorded disc is recorded. When handled by a recording and / or playback device that miscalculates the starting logical sector number, problems can occur that make it difficult to read and write files. In particular, when the defect management area is assigned to the start position of the group, the slip replacement is performed in the opposite direction, so the first position of the logical sector number may be incorrect. In this case, the file system itself cannot be read. Occur.

[0028] In order to solve such a problem, in the present invention, when the starting logical sector number for each zone is determined after the slip replacement at the time of initialization or reinitialization is completed, the starting logical sector for each zone is determined. Store the numbers in the Disc Definition Structure (DDS) area of the disk defect management area. That is, as shown in FIG. 4 (a), the starting logical sector number for each zone is recorded in the DDS area using a 4-byte recording item. Here, RBP indicates the relative recording position, and as an example, the starting logical sector number for each of the 35 zones from the reserved 256th byte position of the DDS area is assigned 4 bytes each. Figure 4 (b) shows the structure of the DDS in which the 4-byte starting logical sector number for each zone is stored, with 24 bits being written with the starting logical sector number and the remaining bits being reserved.

[0029] When the starting logical sector number for each zone is recorded in this way, the following operation can be performed when the corresponding disc is read or written by another recording / / or playback device.

[0030] In the case of a playback-only device, it is not necessary for the playback device to calculate the start logical sector number. This is because even if the starting logical sector number recorded in the DDS area is incorrect, the recording and / or playback device that recorded this recorded the incorrect starting logical sector number as a reference, so the data must be read based on this. This is because there is a problem of not being able to read. Therefore, complicated calculation is not required, and it is safest to read the data based on the starting logical sector number recorded in the DDS area regardless of whether or not there is a calculation error of the starting logical sector number recorded in the DDS area. is there. Therefore, the playback device has an advantage that the firmware can be simplified by eliminating the need for an algorithm for calculating a complicated starting logic sector number.

In short, the playback-only device reads the start logical sector number for each zone stored in the DDS area as shown in the flowchart of FIG. 5 (S101 step), and is based on the read start logical sector number. You can access the data and play it back (S102 stage).

On the other hand, when a disk is mounted on a device that also serves as recording and playback, the device reads the start logical sector number information of the DDS area, while the start logical sector number is based on the PDL information of the defect management area. calculate. If the recorded information matches the calculated information, the device performs normal recording and playback, and if they do not match, the device treats the disk as read-only and puts it on the disk. Only the data read operation is performed with reference to the recorded start logical sector information. This is because the data recorded on the disk is recorded relative to the starting logical sector number for each zone stored in the DDS area. Also, in the case of recording operation, it is safest not to record further data until it is determined which information is incorrect. Therefore, information must not be recorded on the relevant optical disc until the cause of the discrepancy in the starting logical sector numbers of the relevant optical disc has been determined and appropriate measures have been taken.

[0033] In short, the recording / playback device reads out the starting logical sector number for each zone stored in the DDS area (S201 step), as shown in the flowchart shown in FIG. 6, and PDL information of the defect management area. Calculate the starting logical sector number for each zone based on (S202 step). Judge whether the start logical sector number read in the S201 step and the start logical sector number calculated in the S202 step are the same (S203 step), and if they match each other, normal data read operation and write operation are performed (S step). S204 stage).

[0034] If the judgment results of the S203 stage do not match each other, the disk is notified as an error (S205 stage), and the data is read out based on the starting logical sector number stored in the DDS area (S206 stage), and the data is determined. Prohibit recording of any data on disk until the tool clears the error (S207 stage).

[Effect of the Invention] As described above, the present invention calculates a complicated start logic sector number in the reproduction-only device by storing the start logic sector number corresponding to the zone-specific start position information in the defect management area. There is an effect that can be easily realized without the need for an algorithm to do. Further, in the recording and reproduction apparatus, if the stored information and the calculated start position information for each zone do not match, the present invention uses the start position information for each stored zone to record differently. It has the effect of minimizing data damage caused by calculation errors of the starting logical sector number that can occur between playback devices and improving the stability of the recorded data.

[Brief Description of Drawings] [Fig. 1] Fig. 1 is a drawing showing the relationship between a one-dimensional structure of a general optical disc according to the DVD-RAM standard 1.0 and the starting logical sector number for each zone.

FIG. 2 is a drawing showing that the start logic sector number for each zone changes due to slip replacement in a disk in which a plurality of zones are composed of one group for the understanding of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is a drawing showing a case where the start position of the recorded data is changed due to an incorrect calculation of the logical sector number in the disk structure shown in FIG.

FIG. 4 is a drawing showing an example and a structure of a table in which start position information for each zone is recorded in the defect management area according to the present invention.

FIG. 5 is a flowchart relating to an embodiment of a data management method for a playback-only device according to the present invention.

FIG. 6 is a flowchart relating to an embodiment of a data management method for a recording / playback device according to the present invention.

[Description of code] 101,201 ...... User area 102,204 ...... Spacious space 103,202 ...... Guard area 104,203 ...... Defective sector 105 ...... Slip Replaced margin space