Connection establishment method, communication method, state change transmission method, state changing method, wireless apparatus, wireless device, and computer
34 claims: 24 independent, 10 dependent
- 1(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】コンピュータと通信する第1無線装置に対して、第2無線装置が接続を確立する方法であって、 前記第1無線装置への接続を許可することを表すパケットを前記第1無線装置から受信することに応答して、自己の識別情報を含む接続要求パケットを送信するステップと、 前記コンピュータのバスに関するバス情報を含む接続許可パケットを受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを送信するステップと、 当該第2無線装置を受信指定していないパケットを受信することに応答して、前記バス情報を用いて設定を行うステップと、 を含む接続確立方法。
- 2【請求項2】前記所定のパケットを送信した後に、当該第2無線装置を受信指定しているパケットを受信したことに応答して、前記接続要求パケットを送信するステップに戻るステップとをさらに含む請求項1記載の接続確立方法。
- 3【請求項3】コンピュータと通信する第1無線装置が、第2無線装置と接続を確立する方法であって、 前記第2無線装置からその識別情報を含む接続要求パケットを受信することに応答して、前記第2無線装置用に前記コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を生成するステップと、 前記第1バス情報を含む接続許可パケットを前記第2無線装置に送信するステップと、 前記第2無線装置から所定のパケットを受信することに応答して、前記識別情報と前記第1バス情報とを用いて設定を行うステップと、 前記コンピュータが前記第1バス情報に対応して第2バス情報を生成した場合、当該第2バス情報を用いて設定を行うステップと、 を含む接続確立方法。
- 4【請求項4】前記接続許可パケットを送信した後所定期間内に前記所定のパケットを受信しない場合、前記接続要求パケットを送信した第2無線装置を受信指定したパケットを送信するステップをさらに含む請求項3記載の接続確立方法。
- 5【請求項5】前記第2無線装置から前記所定のパケットを受信した後の周期パケットでは、前記接続要求パケットを送信した第2無線装置を受信指定しないことを特徴とする請求項3記載の接続確立方法。
- 6【請求項6】コンピュータと通信する第1無線装置が、ある装置と通信する第2無線装置と無線通信する方法であって、 前記コンピュータからの前記ある装置との通信の要求に応答して、応答期限内に、前記ある装置が処理を実施できる状態にないことを意味するNAK信号を、前記コンピュータに送出するステップと、 前記第2無線装置に、前記通信の要求を送信するステップと、 を含む通信方法。
- 7【請求項7】前記第2無線装置から応答を受信するまで、前記通信の要求と同一の要求に応答して、応答期限内に、前記NAK信号を、前記コンピュータに送出するステップをさらに含む請求項6記載の通信方法。
- 8【請求項8】前記通信の要求が前記ある装置からのデータ読み出しである場合、 前記第2無線装置からデータを受信することに応答して、前記第2無線装置に所定のパケットを送信するステップと、 前記通信の要求と同一要求に応答して、受信したデータを前記コンピュータに送出するステップと、 をさらに含む請求項6記載の通信方法。
- 9【請求項9】前記通信の要求が前記ある装置へのデータ書き込みである場合、前記第2無線装置に送信される通信の要求と共に、書き込まれるデータが送信されることを特徴とする請求項6記載の通信方法。
- 10【請求項10】ある装置と通信する第1無線装置が第2無線装置と無線通信する方法であって、 前記第2無線装置からデータの読み出し要求を受信することに応答して、前記ある装置に読み出し要求を送出するステップと、 前記ある装置からデータを受信することに応答して、前記ある装置に所定のメッセージを返送するステップと、 前記データを前記第2無線装置に送信するステップと、 を含む通信方法。
- 11【請求項11】コンピュータと通信する第1無線装置から第2無線装置に、状態変化を伝達する方法であって、 前記コンピュータからサスペンド命令を受信することに応答して、前記第2無線装置にサスペンド命令を送信するステップと、 前記サスペンド命令送信後、前記第2無線装置がサスペンド状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信するステップと、 前記コンピュータからレジューム命令を受信することに応答して、前記第2無線装置がイネーブル状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信するステップと、 を含む状態変化伝達方法。
- 12【請求項12】第1無線装置と無線通信する第2無線装置が状態変化を実行する方法であって、 自己の状態がディスエーブルであることを表す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを前記第1無線装置から受信することに応答して、当該周期パケット受信以前に、前記第1無線装置から所定の命令を受信したか否か判断するステップと、 前記所定の命令を受信していない場合、自己を接続以外の状態に変化させるステップと、 を含む状態変化実行方法。
- 13【請求項13】前記所定の命令は、ポート・サスペンド命令又はディスエーブル命令であることを特徴とする請求項12記載の状態変化実行方法。
- 14【請求項14】コンピュータと通信する無線装置に対して接続を確立する無線デバイスであって、 前記無線装置から無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 前記無線装置へ無線信号を送出する送信ユニットと、 前記無線装置への接続を許可することを表すパケットを前記受信ユニットが前記無線装置から受信することに応答して、自己の識別情報を含む接続要求パケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、 前記コンピュータのバスに関するバス情報を含む接続許可パケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを送信するように前記送信ユニットに命じ、 当該無線デバイスを受信指定していないパケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御ユニットと、 を有する無線デバイス。
- 15【請求項15】前記制御ユニットが、 前記所定のパケットを送信した後に、当該無線デバイスを受信指定しているパケットを前記受信ユニットが受信したことに応答して、前記接続要求パケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命ずることを特徴とする請求項14記載の無線デバイス。
- 16【請求項16】コンピュータと通信する無線装置であって、 無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 無線デバイスからその識別情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイス用に前記コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を生成し、 前記第1バス情報を含む接続許可パケットを前記無線デバイスに送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、 前記無線デバイスから所定のパケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記識別情報と前記第1バス情報とを用いて設定を行い、 前記コンピュータが前記第1バス情報に対応して第2バス情報を生成した場合、当該第2バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置。
- 17【請求項17】前記制御ユニットが、 前記接続許可パケットを送信した後所定期間内に前記所定のパケットを前記受信ユニットが受信しない場合、前記接続要求パケットを送信した無線デバイスを受信指定したパケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命ずることを特徴とする請求項16記載の無線装置。
- 18【請求項18】前記無線デバイスから前記所定のパケットを受信した後に前記送信ユニットが送出する周期パケットでは、前記接続要求パケットを送信した無線デバイスを受信指定しないことを特徴とする請求項16記載の無線装置。
- 19【請求項19】コンピュータと通信する無線装置であって、 ある装置と通信する無線デバイスに無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 前記無線デバイスから無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 (a)前記コンピュータからの前記ある装置との通信の要求に応答して、応答期限内に、前記ある装置が処理を実施できる状態にないことを意味するNAK信号を、前記コンピュータに送出し、(b)前記無線デバイスに、前記通信の要求を送信するように前記送信ユニットに命ずる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置。
- 20【請求項20】前記制御ユニットが、 前記無線デバイスから応答を前記受信ユニットが受信するまで、前記通信の要求と同一の要求に応答して、応答期限内に、前記NAK信号を、前記コンピュータに送出することを特徴とする請求項19記載の無線装置。
- 21【請求項21】前記通信の要求が前記ある装置からのデータ読み出しである場合、前記制御ユニットは、 前記無線デバイスからデータを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイスに対して所定のパケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、 前記通信の要求と同一要求に応答して、受信したデータを前記コンピュータに送出することを特徴とする請求項19記載の無線装置。
- 22【請求項22】ある装置と通信する無線デバイスであって、 無線装置から無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 前記無線装置へ無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 前記受信ユニットが前記無線装置からデータの読み出し要求を受信することに応答して、前記ある装置に読み出し要求を送出し、 前記ある装置からデータを受信することに応答して、前記ある装置に所定のメッセージを返信し、 前記データを前記無線装置に対して送信するように前記送信ユニットに命ずる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線デバイス。
- 23【請求項23】コンピュータと通信する無線装置であって、 無線デバイスへ無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 前記コンピュータからサスペンド命令を受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイスにサスペンド命令を送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、 前記サスペンド命令送信後、前記無線デバイスがサスペンド状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、 前記コンピュータからレジューム命令を受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイスがイネーブル状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信することを前記送信ユニットに命ずる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置。
- 24【請求項24】無線装置と通信する無線デバイスであって、 前記無線装置から無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 前記無線装置から自己の状態がディスエーブルであることを表す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、当該周期パケット受信以前に、前記無線ハブから所定の命令を受信したか否か判断し、 前記所定の命令を受信していない場合、自己を接続以外の状態に変化させる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線デバイス。
- 25【請求項25】バスを有するコンピュータであって、 前記バスを制御するバス・コントローラと、 前記バスに接続された無線装置であって、 無線信号を受信する受信ユニットと、 無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 (a)無線デバイスからその識別情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイス用に前記コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を生成し、(b)前記第1バス情報を含む接続許可パケットを前記無線デバイスに送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、(c)前記無線デバイスから所定のパケットを前記受信ユニットが受信することに応答して、前記識別情報と前記第1バス情報とを用いて設定を行い、(d)前記バス・コントローラから前記第1バス情報に対応する第2バス情報を受信した場合、当該第2バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置と、 を含むコンピュータ。
- 26【請求項26】バスを有するコンピュータであって、 前記バスを制御するバス・コントローラと、 前記バスに接続された無線装置であって、 ある装置と通信する無線デバイスに無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 (a)前記バス・コントローラからの前記ある装置との通信の要求に応答して、応答期限内に、前記ある装置が処理を実施できる状態にないことを意味するNAK信号を、前記バス・コントローラに送出し、(b)前記無線デバイスに、前記通信の要求を送信するように前記送信ユニットに命ずる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置と、 を含むコンピュータ。
- 27【請求項27】バスを含むコンピュータであって、 前記バスを制御するバス・コントローラと、 前記バスに接続された無線装置であって、 無線デバイスへ無線信号を送信する送信ユニットと、 (a)前記バス・コントローラからサスペンド命令を受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイスにサスペンド命令を送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、(b)前記サスペンド命令送信後、前記無線デバイスがサスペンド状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信するよう前記送信ユニットに命じ、(c)前記バス・コントローラからレジューム命令を受信することに応答して、前記無線デバイスがイネーブル状態であることを示す状態ビットを含む周期パケットを送信することを前記送信ユニットに命ずる制御ユニットと、 を有する無線装置と、 を含むコンピュータ。
- 28【請求項28】第1コンピュータが第2コンピュータとの無線通信のための接続を確立する方法であって、 前記第1コンピュータからの命令に応答して、前記第1コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する第1デバイス・ブリッジを起動するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータからデバイス・ブリッジの接続を許可するパケットを前記第2コンピュータが使用している第2無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第1コンピュータが使用する第1無線チャネルの情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記第2無線チャネルで前記第2コンピュータに送信するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータから接続許可パケットを前記第2無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを前記第2無線チャネルで前記第2コンピュータに送信するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する、前記第2コンピュータにおける第2デバイス・ブリッジを指定したパケットを、前記第1無線チャネルで送信するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータから接続要求パケットを前記第1無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第2コンピュータに前記第1無線チャネルで接続許可パケットを送信するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータから所定のパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第2無線チャネルの情報と前記第1コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を用いて設定を行うステップとを含む接続確立方法。
- 29【請求項29】前記第1デバイス・ブリッジに対し第2バス情報を生成するステップをさらに含む請求項28記載の接続確立方法。
- 30【請求項30】第2コンピュータが第1コンピュータとの無線通信のための接続を確立する方法であって、 前記第1コンピュータが使用する第1無線チャネルの情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記第2コンピュータが使用する第2無線チャネルで受信するステップと、 前記第2コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する第2デバイス・ブリッジを起動するステップと、 前記第2無線チャネルで接続許可パケットを前記第1コンピュータに送信するステップと、 前記第1コンピュータから前記第2デバイス・ブリッジを指定したパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、接続要求パケットを前記第1コンピュータに前記第1無線チャネルで送信するステップと、 前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータから接続許可パケットを受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを送信するステップと、 前記第1コンピュータから前記第2デバイス・ブリッジを指定していないパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第1無線チャネルの情報と前記第2コンピュータのバスに関する第3バス情報を用いて設定を行うステップとを含む接続確立方法。
- 31【請求項31】前記第2デバイス・ブリッジに対し第4バス情報を生成するステップをさらに含む請求項30記載の接続確立方法。
- 32【請求項32】第1コンピュータと無線通信する、第2コンピュータに接続された無線装置であって、 無線信号を受信する受信モジュールと、 無線信号を送信する送信モジュールと、 (a)前記第2コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する第2デバイス・ブリッジを動作させ、(b)前記第1コンピュータからデバイス・ブリッジの接続を許可するパケットを前記第1コンピュータが使用している第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、前記第2コンピュータが使用する第2無線チャネルの情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータに送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(c)前記第1コンピュータから接続許可パケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータに送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(d)前記第1コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する、前記第1コンピュータにおける第1デバイス・ブリッジを指定したパケットを、前記第2無線チャネルで送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(e)前記第1コンピュータから接続要求パケットを前記第2無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、前記第1コンピュータに前記第2無線チャネルで接続許可パケットを送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(f)前記第1コンピュータから所定のパケットを前記第2無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第1無線チャネルの情報と前記第2コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御モジュールと、 を有する無線装置。
- 33【請求項33】第1コンピュータと無線通信する、第2コンピュータに接続された無線装置であって、 無線信号を受信する受信モジュールと、 無線信号を送信する送信モジュールと、 を有し、 前記受信モジュールは、 前記第1コンピュータから前記第1コンピュータが使用する第1無線チャネルの情報とを含む接続要求パケットを前記第2コンピュータが使用する第2無線チャネルで受信し、 前記送信モジュールは、 前記第2無線チャネルで接続許可パケットを前記第1コンピュータに送信し、さらに、 (a)前記第2コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する第2デバイス・ブリッジを起動し、(b)前記第1コンピュータから前記第2デバイス・ブリッジを指定したパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、接続要求パケットを前記第1コンピュータに前記第1無線チャネルで送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(c)前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータから接続許可パケットを前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで送信するように前記無線モジュールに命じ、(d)前記第1コンピュータから前記第2デバイス・ブリッジを指定していないパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、前記第1無線チャネルの情報と前記第2コンピュータのバスに関する第3バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御モジュールとを有する無線装置。
- 34【請求項34】第1コンピュータと無線通信する第2コンピュータであって、 無線信号を受信する受信モジュールと、 無線信号を送信する送信モジュールと、 (a)前記第2コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する第2デバイス・ブリッジを動作させ、(b)前記第1コンピュータからデバイス・ブリッジの接続を許可するパケットを前記第1コンピュータが使用している第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、前記第2コンピュータが使用する第2無線チャネルの情報を含む接続要求パケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータに送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(c)前記第1コンピュータから接続許可パケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、所定のパケットを前記第1無線チャネルで前記第1コンピュータに送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(d)前記第1コンピュータのバスに対するインターフェースと前記無線通信に関連するデータを格納するバッファとを有する、前記第1コンピュータにおける第1デバイス・ブリッジを指定したパケットを、前記第2無線チャネルで送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(e)前記第1コンピュータから接続要求パケットを前記第2無線チャネルで前記受信モジュールが受信することに応答して、前記第1コンピュータに前記第2無線チャネルで接続許可パケットを送信するように前記送信モジュールに命じ、(f)前記第1コンピュータから所定のパケットを前記第2無線チャネルで受信することに応答して、前記第1無線チャネルの情報と前記第2コンピュータのバスに関する第1バス情報を用いて設定を行う制御モジュールと、 を有するコンピュータ。
Independent claims34
208 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
【0001】
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to a wireless communication method, and more particularly to a method of wirelessly connecting a device to a USB (Universal Serial Bus) provided in a computer main body. It also relates to a method for enabling host-to-host communication via wireless USB.
【0002】
[Conventional technology]
USB is defined as a point-to-multipoint unified interface that connects a computer to medium- and low-speed devices such as mice, keyboards, and printers. Previously, you had to choose a connection destination for each device, such as keyboard to keyboard port, mouse to mouse port, printer to printer port, modem to serial port, and so on. By adopting, all you have to do is connect a USB compatible device to the USB port. In addition, USB supports the Hot Plug & Unplug function, so you can easily change the connection even while the computer is in use. However, in a mobile environment with a notebook computer or a device such as a PDA (Personal Digital Assistants), even connecting a USB cable imposes a heavy burden on the user. Further, there is a possibility that the connector portion may be damaged due to the insertion and removal of the connector. Therefore, in such a mobile environment, it is more preferable that wireless connection is possible.
【0003】
Typical examples of current wireless communication systems are wireless LAN IEEE 802.11 and IrDA. IEEE802.11 is built mainly for the purpose of communication between computers, and is not suitable for communication between computers and peripheral devices. IrDA, on the other hand, assumes point-to-point connections and does not currently target point-to-multipoint connections such as USB. USB is likely to become the mainstream interface for PC (personal computer) connected devices in the future, and is expected to be built into many devices. Therefore, if USB can be made wireless, it can be a means for connecting peripheral devices very easily.
【0004】
By the way, there is IBM TDB Vol.40 No.04 (April 1997) p87-p88 as a document suggesting the wirelessization of USB. However, no consideration has been given to the problems associated with wireless communication. In addition, a system that connects a wireless module to a bus that has existed in a computer and connects the wireless module to peripheral devices connected to that bus is IBM TDB Vol.37 No.04B (April 1994) p91- It is disclosed in 93. However, this document does not describe any problems when USB is made wireless.
【0005】
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
With USB, the computer itself manages all devices connected to USB, and adopts a system configuration that acquires communication contents and detects state changes by polling, but when making this wireless, the following four points Becomes an obstacle.
【0006】
(1) Specifying the destination of the packet The destination of the USB packet is specified by a USB address or an implicit bus topology that changes dynamically depending on the device configuration at that time. In wireless communication, address duplication with other systems is expected, it is difficult to assume a certain bus topology, and it is not possible to uniquely determine the packet reception destination. (2) Time constraint of response The USB specification requires that a device that receives a packet from a host or function return a response within 16-bit time (1.33 μs at full speed). However, wireless communication speeds are generally slower than USB at full speed of 12 Mbps, and some mechanism is often required to avoid packet collisions, so observe the above bus turnaround time. It is difficult.
【0007】
(3) Frame synchronization Since USB synchronizes with a 1ms frame from the computer itself, it uses SOF packets issued regularly. This packet must be sent exactly at the frame start time, but in wireless transmission, it is difficult to strictly determine the transmission time depending on the surrounding conditions. In addition, when the communication speed is slow, sending a synchronous packet every 1 ms puts an excessive burden on the communication path. (4) Control by signal line condition With USB, port control such as connection / disconnection / suspend / resume / reset does not use packets and is notified by static changes in the signal line state. This cannot be transmitted wirelessly as it is.
【0008】
No consideration has been given to such obstacles, and no attempt has been made to make USB wireless.
【0009】
Therefore, the present invention provides a method of overcoming problems that occur when making a bus such as USB wireless.
【0010】
Another purpose is to make the USB wireless so that the burden and problems of cable connection can be eliminated and the device can be easily attached and detached and moved.
【0011】
Furthermore, it is also an object of the present invention to provide a mechanism that enables communication between hosts by extending wireless USB.
【0012】
[Means for solving problems]
In the present invention, a wireless hub connected to the USB bus on the computer side and a wireless port connected to the USB interface of a peripheral device (generally anything, hereinafter referred to as a device) are provided, and wireless is provided between them. Conduct communication. The wireless hub communicates with the computer and converts a USB packet to the device (hereinafter sometimes referred to as downstream) into a wireless signal and a wireless signal from the device into a USB packet. One wireless port is attached to each device to convert wireless-USB packets in the same way as a wireless hub. Although multiple wireless ports are usually connected to one wireless hub, it is possible to configure one wireless hub to correspond to one wireless port. The wireless hub and wireless port each have a unique device identifier (ID) assigned to them, and during USB-wireless conversion, explicit destinations by USB address and bus topology are converted to device identifiers. ..
【0013】
For example, a bidirectional buffer is provided in the wireless hub, and the wireless hub makes a proxy response according to the received packet and the state of the buffer. USB packets from the computer are stored in a buffer and sent out when the wireless media becomes available. The radio port sends this transmitted radio packet to the device by reconverting it into a USB packet. The response from the device is converted to radio, transmitted, and stored again in the buffer of the radio hub. When the wireless hub receives the same poll from the computer, it takes out the response from the device stored in the buffer and sends it to the USB bus. From the first USB packet reception to the wireless packet reception from the downstream in the wireless hub, all communication request (IN / OUT) transactions of the same destination are ignored, and the computer is not in a state where the device can perform processing. A NAK signal is returned, which means that. However, the SETUP transaction is always sent wirelessly and responds to the computer with an ACK. This series of operations avoids the USB timeout.
【0014】
The wireless hub periodically broadcasts a packet indicating the port status to control the operation of the wireless port and at the same time maintain frame synchronization within the wireless system. On the contrary, the wireless port in which the state on the device side such as connection / disconnection / remote / resume has changed reports the state change to the wireless hub as a response to this packet. The packet cycle is set to a length that does not impose an excessive load on the communication path and does not interfere with port control, and allows a certain range of fluctuations in the transmission time for coexistence with the collision avoidance mechanism. There is. In order to make up for the indeterminacy of this time, the deviation from the scheduled transmission time is clearly indicated in the packet. Each wireless port basically sends a synchronization packet to the device side by a self-propelled clock, but the cycle deviation from the computer is corrected by this cycle packet. On the other hand, a port control command from a computer such as reset / suspend is transmitted from a wireless hub as a wireless packet, and the wireless port converts this into a state change of a USB signal line. The USB signal line status is notified without delay by these periodic packets and wireless control packets.
【0015】
In addition, two types of power saving states are provided in this system. The port power off state is equivalent to the suspend state. In the former case, the wireless port receives a periodic packet every few times, and in the latter case, it determines whether the wireless hub should be able to connect to the device or transition to the resume state. to decide. The power-saving device stops the power supply during the period when the periodic packet reception is not scheduled, except for the minimum circuit such as the mechanism necessary for synchronization. This enables power control by a computer and realizes a power saving mechanism essential for mobile devices.
【0016】
The points of the present invention can be summarized as follows. Indicates that the first wireless device communicating with the computer is allowed to connect to the first wireless device when the second wireless device (typically connected to a peripheral device) establishes a connection. In response to receiving the packet from the first wireless device, it sends a connection request packet containing its own identification information, and a connection permission packet containing bus information (typically a port number) about the computer's bus. Using bus information in response to the step of transmitting a predetermined packet (typically ACK) in response to reception and in response to receiving a packet for which reception is not specified for the second radio device. A step of setting (for example, associating the port number with the identification information of the first wireless device) is performed. In this way, the second wireless device can identify the wireless device that has established the connection after confirming that the communication has been reliably performed.
【0017】
After transmitting the predetermined packet, it is also conceivable to return to the step of transmitting the connection request packet in response to receiving the packet designated to receive the second radio device. This indicates that the first wireless device could not receive the predetermined packet, and the connection needs to be re-established.
【0018】
In addition, when the first wireless device communicating with the computer establishes a connection with the second wireless device (typically connecting to a peripheral device), the second wireless device sends a connection request packet containing the identification information. In response to receiving, the step of generating the first bus information (typically the port number) about the computer's bus for the second radio device and the connection permission packet containing the first bus information are sent to the second radio device. And the step of setting (for example, registering them) using the identification information and the first bus information in response to receiving a predetermined packet (typically ACK) from the second wireless device. When the computer generates the second bus information (USB address in the embodiment) corresponding to the first bus information, the setting (for example, the identification information and the first and second bus information) is performed using the second bus information. And perform the steps to perform (registration). As a result, the data required for communication between the computer and the second wireless device is registered correspondingly.
【0019】
In the above case, when the predetermined packet is not received within the predetermined period after the connection permission packet is transmitted, it is conceivable to transmit the packet designated to receive the second radio device that transmitted the connection request packet. The reason why the final procedure is not carried out even though the connection request packet is transmitted is that some problem is considered to have occurred, and in particular, the second radio device is designated for reception and the situation is observed.
【0020】
Further, in the periodic packet after receiving the predetermined packet from the second wireless device, it is possible not to specify the reception of the second wireless device that transmitted the connection request packet. This is to indicate to the second radio device that the first radio device has received the predetermined packet.
【0021】
When a first wireless device communicating with a computer wirelessly communicates with a second wireless device communicating with a device (typically a peripheral device), it responds to a request from the computer to communicate with the device. , A step of sending a NAK signal, which means that the device is not ready for processing, to the computer and a step of sending a communication request to the second wireless device within the response deadline are executed. In this way, the response deadline specified in the computer bus can be dealt with.
【0022】
It is also possible to include a step of sending a NAK signal to the computer within the response deadline in response to the same request as the communication request until a response is received from the second radio device. This is an effective countermeasure to increase the response time when the NAK signal is allowed to be transmitted multiple times.
【0023】
Further, when the communication request is reading data from the certain device, the step of transmitting a predetermined packet to the second radio device in response to receiving the data from the second radio device, and the communication request It is also conceivable to include a step of sending the received data to the computer in response to the same request. By using the buffer, the data from the certain device can be output as a response to the same communication request as before.
【0024】
On the other hand, when the communication request is to write data to the certain device, it is conceivable to transmit the written data together with the communication request to be transmitted to the second wireless device. If the communication request and the data to be written are made into separate packets, a time problem arises in wireless communication.
【0025】
When the first wireless device communicating with a certain device wirelessly communicates with the second wireless device, a step of sending a read request to the certain device in response to receiving a data read request from the second wireless device. And, in response to receiving the data from the certain device, the step of returning a predetermined message (typically ACK) to the certain device and the step of transmitting the data to the second radio device are executed. .. Since the transmission deadline of a predetermined packet is determined by the standard of the bus to the computer, the second radio device needs to respond by proxy.
【0026】
Further, when transmitting a state change from the first wireless device that communicates with the computer to the second wireless device, a step of transmitting the suspend command to the second wireless device in response to receiving the suspend command from the computer. After sending the suspend instruction, the second radio device is enabled in response to the step of transmitting a periodic packet containing a state bit indicating that the second radio device is in the suspend state and receiving the resume command from the computer. A step of transmitting a periodic packet containing a state bit indicating that it is in a state is executed. Once the second radio device transitions to the suspend state, only periodic packets are received, so the second radio device cannot be enabled in addition to the periodic packets. Therefore, the port state bit of this periodic packet is used.
【0027】
When the second wireless device that wirelessly communicates with the first wireless device executes a state change, it responds to receiving a periodic packet from the first wireless device that includes a state bit indicating that its own state is diseasable. Then, before receiving the periodic packet, a step of determining whether or not a predetermined command has been received from the first wireless device, and a step of changing the self to a state other than the connection if the predetermined command has not been received. To execute. This is because, in such a case, an abnormality has occurred in the wireless communication, and the subsequent processing becomes easier once the power-off state is changed.
【0028】
The predetermined command may be a port suspend command or an disable command.
【0029】
As described above, the invention has been expressed as a flow of processing, but it is also possible to configure an apparatus for carrying out these processing. Further, the wireless device may be mounted outside the computer or may be provided inside the computer. Similarly, the wireless device may be attached to the USB interface of the device (device) or may be attached to the inside of the device.
【0030】
In addition, when the first computer establishes a connection for wireless communication with the second computer, it responds to a command from the first computer to provide data related to the interface to the bus of the first computer and wireless communication. In the step of starting the first device bridge (DDB in the example) that has a buffer to store, and in the second radio channel that the second computer is using a packet that allows the device bridge to connect from the second computer. In response to receiving, a step of sending a connection request packet containing information on the first radio channel used by the first computer to the second computer on the second radio channel, and a second connection permission packet from the second computer. The step of sending a given packet (typically ACK) to a second computer on the second computer in response to receiving on the radio channel, and data related to the interface to the second computer's bus and wireless communication. A step of transmitting a packet specifying a second device bridge in a second computer having a buffer for storing data on the first radio channel, and receiving a connection request packet from the second computer on the first radio channel. In response, the step of sending a connection permission packet to the second computer on the first radio channel and the information of the second radio channel in response to receiving a predetermined packet from the second computer on the first radio channel. The step of setting using the first bus information (port number in the embodiment) regarding the bus of the first computer is executed.
【0031】
When establishing a connection between hosts, the first and second device bridges are provided, the connection establishment method described above is performed twice, and the communication channels are separated. This enables inter-host communication while enabling communication with peripheral devices on each host. For example, when a plurality of people gather with their own portable computers, the portable computers can communicate with each other without changing the configuration of peripheral devices of the individual portable computers.
【0032】
The first computer further performs the step of generating the second bus information (USB address in the example) for the first device bridge.
【0033】
On the other hand, when the second computer establishes a connection for wireless communication with the first computer, the second computer uses a connection request packet containing information on the first wireless channel used by the first computer. A step of receiving on a wireless channel, a step of activating a second device bridge (DDB of the example) having an interface to the bus of the second computer and a buffer for storing data related to wireless communication, and a second wireless channel. In response to the step of sending the connection permission packet to the first computer and receiving the packet specifying the second device bridge from the first computer on the first radio channel, the connection request packet is sent to the first computer. A step of transmitting on one radio channel, a step of transmitting a predetermined packet (typically ACK) in response to receiving a connection permission packet from the first computer on the first radio channel, and a step of transmitting from the first computer. In response to receiving a packet that does not specify the second device bridge on the first radio channel, the setting is performed using the information of the first radio channel and the third bus information about the bus of the second computer. To execute.
【0034】
The second computer further performs the step of generating the fourth bus information (USB address in the example) for the second device bridge.
【0035】
As described above, the invention has been expressed as a flow of processing, but it is also possible to configure an apparatus for carrying out these processing. Further, as a wireless device connected to a computer, it may be incorporated in the computer itself. Further, these processes may be performed as a program, and in that case, they may be stored in a non-volatile memory such as ROM or stored in a storage medium such as a floppy disk.
【0036】
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
FIG. 1 shows an example of the apparatus configuration of the present invention. A wireless hub 3 is connected to the computer 1 with a connector 11. On the other hand, the wireless port 5 is connected to the device 7 by the connector 29. Computer 1 has a USB controller 9, which is connected to USB 13. This USB 13 is connected to connector 11. The wireless hub 3 includes a USB interface unit A (15), a buffer 19, a control unit A (17), and a wireless transmitter / receiver A (21). The USB interface unit A (15) is connected to the buffer 19 and the control unit A (17), and the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) is connected to the buffer 19 and the control unit A (17). Buffer 19 and control unit A (17) are also connected to each other. Device 7 also has a USB controller 33, which is connected to USB 31. This USB 31 is connected to connector 29. The wireless port 5 includes a wireless transmitter / receiver B (23), a control unit B (25), and a USB interface unit B (27), and includes a wireless transmitter / receiver B (25), a control unit B (25), and a control unit. B (25) and USB interface unit B (27) are connected. Although the USB interface units A and B are connected to the connector, they are not shown here. Moreover, although only one wireless port is shown here, it is of course possible to provide multiple wireless ports.
【0037】
The CPU of computer 1 (not shown) controls the USB controller 9 to send USB packets to USB 13. This USB packet is received by the USB interface unit A (15) of the wireless hub 3 and transmits the contents of the USB packet to the control unit A (17). USB interface unit A (15) stores data in buffer 19 if necessary. When the control unit A (17) receives the contents of the USB packet from the USB interface unit A (15), it controls the transmitter of the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) and sends the wireless packet to the wireless port 5. To do. The receiver of the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23) receives the wireless packet, converts the wireless packet into an electric signal, and notifies the control unit B (25). The control unit B (25) transmits the received content to the USB interface unit B (27), and the USB interface unit B (27) converts it into a USB packet and sends it to the USB 31. The USB controller 33 responds to the USB signal and performs necessary processing.
【0038】
For example, when the computer 1 orders the data to be read, the USB controller 33 outputs a USB packet containing the necessary data to the USB 31, and the USB interface unit B (27) receives the USB packet. Then, the control unit B (25) controls the transmitter of the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23) to send out a wireless packet of an appropriate format. As will be described later, the control unit B (25) has a proxy response function, and orders the USB interface unit B (27) to output an ACK of the USB packet. On the other hand, the receiver of the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) that has received the wireless packet containing the data from the device 7 notifies the control unit A (17) that the data has been received, and stores the data in the buffer 19. When the control unit A (17) receives a notification from the USB interface unit A (15) that it has received a data read instruction of the same destination from the USB controller 9, the control unit A (17) assigns the address of the data in the buffer 19 to the USB interface unit A. Send to (15). The USB interface unit A reads the data at the address and outputs it as a USB packet to USB31.
【0039】
The above is the outline of FIG. 1, but the processing required for making the USB wireless will be described below in relation to the components shown in FIG.
【0040】
(A) Wireless communication method The wireless USB protocol does not depend on any particular modulation scheme. For example, radio communication by direct diffusion method spectrum diffusion can be considered. Slide the spread code to secure multiple channels by the CDMA method. Frequency 2484MHz Occupied bandwidth 26MHz Modulation method π / 4 shift QPSK Diffusion method Direct diffusion Diffusion code 11-bit Barker series Baseband signal speed 2Mbps Diffusion modulation speed 11Mbaud These are just examples.
【0041】
(B) Wireless packet configuration The wireless packet is configured as shown in Fig. 2. As for the wireless packet, the transmitter of the wireless transmitter / receiver creates and transmits an appropriate type of packet based on the instruction of the control unit. The left side in Fig. 2 is the beginning. In Figure 2, R is the transient response ramp time, SOP is the packet start symbol, BS is the bit sync signal, UW is the sync word, XID is the source ID, and RID is the receiver ID. Yes, PT is the packet type, DATA is the transmitted data content, CRC is the cyclic redundancy check character from XID to DATA, and EOP is the packet end symbol.
【0042】
The packet type PT includes the following. (a) Standard packet All USB packets emitted by the device and IN tokens (read instructions) from computer 1 are transmitted in this type of wireless packet. A bit indicating that the packet is a standard packet is set in the packet type PT, and all the bits from the PID of the USB packet to immediately before the EOP are included in the data DATA. (b) Composite packet A type of wireless packet used to send an OUT or SETUP token (write or setup instruction) in USB and subsequent data at once. A bit indicating that the packet is a composite packet is set in the packet type PT, and the data DATA includes an OUT or SETUP token and a USB data packet. (c) ACK packet It is transmitted when the wireless packet is received normally. It is used when the wireless control packet is received by the wireless port 5, the control information packet is received by the wireless hub 3, the data packet of the response to the IN token is received by the wireless hub 3, and so on. There is no data DATA part in the ACK packet. (d) NAK packet Radio packets are sent when they can be received but the port is not ready for processing. There is no data DATA part in the NAK packet.
【0043】
(e) Periodic packet It is a packet used for device connection, port state control, and USB frame cycle adjustment. The data DATA part includes a delay time part, a device type part, and a port state part. The delay time portion represents the delay time from the scheduled transmission time of the periodic packet. The device type part represents the type of device that can be connected. This device type includes low-speed devices, full-speed devices, hubs, host-to-host communication virtual devices, and groups. Devices can be registered as a group, and if you want to connect only the devices in the group, specify the group. The port state part is a bitmap that is 1 when the port is in the enabled state and 0 otherwise (suspend, disable, detach, power off), and is arranged in order of port number. However, bit 0 indicates the state of the wireless hub. It is also possible to provide a unit that performs the processing necessary for transmitting a periodic packet in the control unit A (17) of the wireless hub 3 so that the data DATA part is periodically created by the unit. is there. Then, it is broadcast by the transmitter of the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21).
【0044】
(f) Connection request packet Used when requesting a connection to wireless hub 3. Sent as a response to a periodic packet. The type of device connected to the port is entered in the data DATA part. (g) Connection approval packet This is a packet for device connection authentication by the wireless hub 3. Sent in response to a connection request packet. The data DATA part contains the logical port number in the wireless hub. This port number is equivalent to the USB port number. (h) Port state change packet This is to notify the hub of changes in the hardware port state. It is sent in response to a periodic packet. The data DATA part shows what changes have been made, including connection status, port invalidation, suspend, overcurrent, reset termination, and remote resume. (i) Radio control packet This is a packet for sending a control command from the wireless hub 3 to the wireless port 5. The data DATA part contains control commands. (j) Control information packet This is a packet for sending the control information from the device 7 requested by the control command. The data DATA part includes the control information.
【0045】
(C) Interference / collision prevention processing When implementing wireless communication, implement some kind of interference / collision prevention. Here, the wireless hub 3 or the wireless port 5 identifies the originator and receiver of the packet by their assigned identifiers, and prevents the packet from another system from being received. In addition, a transaction-based CSMA / CA method is used to prevent packet collisions. Here, the wireless transmitter / receiver and the control unit cooperate to execute the following processing.
【0046】
1. Step 1 The control unit A (17) of the wireless hub 3 that starts a new transaction always causes the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) to confirm the absence of the wireless carrier before transmitting the wireless packet. If a wireless carrier exists, it waits for the end of its communication. 2. Step 2 When the absence of the wireless carrier is confirmed, the control unit A (17) of the wireless hub 3 activates a timer to further monitor the wireless carrier by the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) for an integral multiple of the unit backoff. This integer is a random number within the maximum backoff. The maximum backoff is set to an initial value of 8, for example, and is controlled according to the communication status. If more than the maximum backoff time has already passed since the last carrier loss in step 1, carrier monitoring in this step is not necessary. 3. Step 3 After the absence of a new carrier is confirmed during step 2, wireless hub 3 (wireless transmitter / receiver A (21)) begins transmitting wireless packets. 4. Step 4 The radio port 5 (radio transmitter / receiver B (23)) that normally receives the radio packet starts transmitting the response within the radio turnaround time after confirming the packet end symbol EOP and the subsequent carrier loss. 5. Step 5 The wireless port 5 (wireless transmitter / receiver B (23)) continues to transmit the bit synchronization pattern from the start of transmission until the response content is confirmed, and starts transmitting the synchronization word UW when the wireless packet to be transmitted is ready. 6. Step 6 The wireless hub 3 retransmits the wireless packet if no response is obtained within the turnaround time from the end of the wireless packet transmission. For example, if no response is obtained even after three wireless packet transmissions, the disconnection process described later is performed.
【0047】
(D) Connection processing To connect wireless port 5 to wireless hub 3, follow the procedure below. However, it is assumed that the wireless hub 3 is already in operation and the wireless port is in the power-off state. First, the powered-on wireless port 5 activates the receiver of wireless transmitter / receiver B (23) when device 7 is connected to wireless port 5 (Fig. 3, step 100). The control unit B (25) causes the USB interface unit B (27) to inspect the connection of the device 7, and when the connection of the device 7 is confirmed, activates the receiver. Then, the periodic packet (step 110) transmitted by the wireless hub 3 is searched over all channels (step 120). Here, the periodic packet transmitted by the wireless hub 3 specifies a connectable device according to the destination ID (RID) and the device type in the data DATA. If no specific device is specified, the recipient ID is set to 0, for example. As a result of this search, for example, based on the following priorities, the wireless hub 3 to be connected is determined and synchronized with it. (a) The wireless hub that sends out periodic packets whose recipient ID matches the device ID of wireless port 5 and has the highest signal strength. (b) The wireless hub that sends out connectable periodic packets with the highest wireless strength. (c) The wireless hub that sends out non-connectable periodic packets with the highest signal strength. The receiver of the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23) notifies the control unit B (25) of the content and signal strength of the received periodic packet, and determines which wireless hub the control unit B (25) connects to. After making the decision, the control unit B (25) orders the radio transmitter / receiver B (23) to synchronize with the periodic packet of the radio hub.
【0048】
If no periodic packet is detected in step 120, this search is continued. In addition, after determining the wireless hub 3 to be connected and establishing synchronization, only periodic packets are received, and the power saving mode is entered at other times. After that, communication from other wireless hubs is completely ignored. Since the wireless port saves power, it is not necessary to monitor the periodic packet every time, and it is possible to monitor the packet once every few times.
【0049】
If the periodic packet (step 140) received by the wireless port 5 after establishing synchronization with the wireless hub 3 indicates that it can be connected, the wireless port 5 sends a connection request packet to the wireless hub 3. (Step 150). This connection request packet contains the device ID. The control unit B (25) receives a notification of the contents of the periodic packet from the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23), and orders the transmission of the connection request packet. When the wireless hub 3 receives the connection request packet from the wireless port 5, it assigns a port number to the device ID of the wireless port 5 and sends out a connection permission packet including the port number (step 160). Since the wireless hub 3 needs to manage the addresses of a large number of wireless ports to be connected, it is conceivable to include an address management unit dedicated to address management in the control unit A (17). For example, this address management unit assigns a port number to the device ID and temporarily holds it. Upon receiving the connection permission packet, the radio port 5 transmits the ACK packet to the radio hub 3 (step 170). The transmission of packets in step 150, step 160, and step 170 must all occur within a predetermined radio turnaround time.
【0050】
The radio port 5 that received the radio permission packet holds the device ID of the radio hub 3 and the port number assigned to itself, but it is not officially registered here yet. This is because the ACK packet may not be received by the wireless hub 3. On the other hand, the wireless hub 3 that receives the ACK packet from the wireless port 5 causes the address management unit to register the device ID and the port number in the table. This table may be provided in the buffer 19 or in the control unit A (17). On the other hand, if the wireless hub 3 does not receive the ACK packet, it is considered that the connection authentication has not succeeded. Then, after that, for example, the wireless port that transmitted the connection request packet as the reception ID in the three periodic packets is specified.
【0051】
When an ACK packet is received, the wireless port of the ACK packet source is not specified as the destination ID in the subsequent periodic packets (step 190). That is, specify reception of another wireless port or do not specify a specific device. When the wireless port 5 receives such a periodic packet, the wireless port 5 officially registers the device ID of the wireless hub 3 and the port number assigned to itself (step 200). By receiving such a periodic packet, it is known that the ACK packet has been reliably received by the wireless hub 3, and the connection procedure is officially completed.
【0052】
On the other hand, if the wireless port 5 receives the periodic packet specified to receive itself after transmitting the ACK packet, it can be seen that the wireless hub 3 cannot receive the ACK packet and the connection procedure is unsuccessful. So go back to step 150.
【0053】
Up to this point, the connection procedure between the wireless hub 3 and the wireless port 5 is completed, but the existence of the wireless port 5 is not recognized by the computer 1. Therefore, after the processing of FIG. 3 is completed, the procedure as shown in FIG. 4 is performed. That is, the USB controller 9 of the computer 1 periodically inquires of the wireless hub 3 for the state change of the hub and the port (step 210). USB interface unit A (15) returns changed if there is a new entry in the port number and device ID table (step 220). Computer 1 that receives the change asks for the current port state (step 225). In response, USB interface unit A (15) of wireless hub 3 returns the port state and changes to computer 1. If the USB controller 9 approves the change, it informs the wireless hub 3 of the change approval (step 230). The change approval is transmitted to the control unit A (17) via the USB interface unit A (15), and the changed state is cleared. The USB interface unit A (15) then returns to computer 1 that it has cleared the changed state (step 235). Computer 1's USB controller 9 then orders a port reset of the wireless port associated with the change (step 240). When the USB interface unit A (15) receives this port reset, the control unit A (17) responds to this instruction and orders the port to be initialized. Then, the USB address 0 is registered in the table corresponding to the port number and device ID of the wireless port related to the change. When the reset is completed, the control unit A (17) notifies the USB interface unit A (15) of the reset completion and notifies the computer 1 of the reset completion (step 245). The USB controller 9 in the computer 1 allocates and sets the USB address in response to this reset end notification, and notifies the wireless hub 3 (step 250). USB interface that received this notification The ace unit A (15) transmits the USB address to the control unit A (17). Control unit A (17) writes the notified USB address instead of the USB address 0 on the table (step 255). In this way, the correspondence between the USB address, port number, and device ID becomes clear.
【0054】
(E) Sending and receiving USB packets Since wireless USB cannot ensure the absoluteness of data rate and frame synchronization, it supports only control transfer, bulk transfer, and interrupt transfer specified by USB. For example, the process when the IN token is received from the computer 1 will be described with reference to FIG. First, the USB controller 9 of the computer 1 sends the IN token 400 to the USB interface unit A (15) of the wireless hub 3. The USB interface unit A (15) notifies the control unit A (17) of what kind of USB packet has been received, and stores the USB packet 400 in the buffer 19. Then, NAK410 (USB packet) is returned to the USB controller 9. This is because the data is not returned immediately because it is connected wirelessly. Then, after confirming that the control unit A (17) is a read command and the destination, the control unit A (17) sends the standard packet 420 (wireless) including the IN token of the USB packet to the destination device to the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21). Order. This transmission is performed when the wireless media becomes available.
【0055】
After receiving the standard packet 420, the radio transmitter / receiver B (23) of the radio port 5 passes it to the control unit B (25), and the control unit B (25) USBs so as to configure the received IN token 430. Command interface unit B (27). The USB interface unit B (27) outputs the USB packet 430 to the USB controller 31 of the device 7. Device 7 returns a USB packet 440 containing data DATA0 to USB interface unit B (27) on wireless port 5. USB interface unit B (27) returns an ACK packet 450 to device 7. This avoids timeouts. Further, the USB interface unit B (27) passes the received USB packet 440 to the control unit B (25), and the control unit B (25) transmits the standard packet 460 (wireless) to the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23). Order to do. After outputting the IN token 430, if there is no response from the device 7 within the bus turnaround time of the USB bus, an empty standard packet is sent. Then, the wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) of the wireless hub 3 that has received the standard packet 460 output from the wireless port 5 transmits the ACK packet 470. The wireless transmitter / receiver A (21) notifies the control unit A (17) that the standard packet 460 has been received, and stores the contents in the buffer 19.
【0056】
If the USB controller 9 of the computer 1 transmits the IN token 480 of the same destination between the transmission of the standard packet 420 and the transmission of the ACK packet 470, the wireless hub 3 only returns the NAK packet 490. This is because it is transmitted wirelessly once, and if any more wireless packets are transmitted, the communication path will only be congested. Therefore, the control unit A (17) of the wireless hub 3 needs to manage what kind of packet is sent to which wireless port.
【0057】
If the IN token 500 of the same destination is transmitted again after sending the ACK packet 470, the control unit A (17) passes the address of the buffer 19 to the USB interface unit A (15), and the USB interface unit A (15) reads the USB packet 510 from the buffer 19 and outputs it to the USB controller 9. In response, USB controller 9 returns an ACK packet 520.
【0058】
In the case of the OUT token, after the wireless hub 3 receives the USB packet containing the write data, the composite packet (wireless) is transmitted to the wireless port 5. Returning a NAK packet is the same. Then, after receiving the ACK packet from the wireless port 5, if the OUT token of the same destination is received from the computer 1, the wireless hub 3 returns the ACK packet.
【0059】
In addition, NAK packets cannot be returned to the SETUP token. Therefore, the ACK is returned to the computer 1, and each time the SETUP token is received, it is transmitted to the wireless port as a new communication.
【0060】
(F) Buffer USB allows IN / OUT transactions to be answered with NAK, but SETUP transactions require an ACK response. For this reason, it is preferable to have separate buffers for SETUP and IN / OUT transactions. Therefore, buffer 19 is divided into two buffers.
【0061】
By using NAK, IN / OUT transactions require at least one buffer for computer 1 and wireless port 5. One buffer requires 68 bytes, which is the maximum packet length of 67 bytes plus the port number. Actually, the total buffer size is determined by balancing cost and communication efficiency with this as a unit.
【0062】
In the case of SETUP, ACK must be returned without fail, so prepare a FIFO buffer only in the direction of the wireless port. Each entry in the buffer requires a total of 15 bytes: token (3 bytes), data (11 bytes), and port number (1 byte). The number of entries required to reliably wirelessly transmit all SETUP packets is the number of ports x the number of control endpoints. However, considering the number of devices connected to one port and the ratio of SETUP transactions to the total traffic, it is considered sufficient that the buffer entry is about twice the number of ports. When the buffer for SETUP is full, the wireless hub 3 does not return an ACK to the computer 1, and a transaction error occurs.
【0063】
(G) Change of state How to handle the state changes of suspend / resume and disconnection is described below.
【0064】
(1) Sunspend and resume The state change is transmitted to the wireless hub 3 from the USB controller 9 of the computer 1 as a change of the USB signal line state. Note that there are cases where all the ports connected to the wireless hub 3 are suspended and cases where the ports are suspended on a port-by-port basis, and the destination of the wireless packet changes accordingly. Then, the USB interface unit A (15) detects the change in the signal line state and transmits it to the control unit A (17) as a suspend command (Fig. 6, step 600). The control unit A (17) orders the radio transmitter / receiver A (21) to send a radio control packet that commands suspend (step 610). Upon receiving the wireless control packet, the wireless transmitter / receiver B (23) transmits the packet to the control unit B (25), and the control unit B (25) suspends the signal line state to the USB interface unit B (27). Order to state (step 620). In this way, the suspend instruction is transmitted to the device 7.
【0065】
After this, in the wireless hub 3, the port state portion of the periodic packet indicates on the bitmap that the wireless port is in the suspended state (step 630). Also, wireless port 5 will only receive periodic packets (step 640). In this way, the suspended wireless port 5 receives only the periodic packet. Therefore, when the computer 1 resumes the wireless port 5, the wireless port portion of the port state portion of the periodic packet is changed to represent the resume. (Step 650). Upon receiving this, the radio port 5 orders the control unit B (25) to change the signal line state to indicate a minimum 20 ms resume to the USB interface unit B (27) (step 660). As a result, the device 7 connected to the wireless port 5 is resumed.
【0066】
Also, remote wakeups can occur if the device, such as a modem, is device 7. Therefore, the USB interface unit B (27), which receives the remote wake-up signal from the device 7 from the USB controller 33, changes the signal line state so as to show a minimum 20 ms resume as above (step 680). However, in response to receiving the next periodic packet from the wireless hub 3 (step 685), a port state change packet representing resume is sent (step 690). Upon receiving the port state change packet, the wireless hub 3 commands the USB interface unit A (15) so that the control unit A (17) informs the computer 1 to that effect (step 700).
【0067】
When a periodic packet reflecting the state change to resume is transmitted, for example, three times, the wireless hub assumes that the resume of the corresponding wireless port is completed and responds to the computer 1. Therefore, wireless port 5 may receive a standard packet (radio) containing an IN token from wireless hub 3, but if resume is not finished at this point, NAK packet (radio) in response to that packet. Is returned to wireless hub 3.
【0068】
(2) Disconnection A) When the wireless port 5 detects that the device 7 connected to the wireless port 5 has been disconnected, the disconnection is notified to the wireless hub 3 by the port state change packet in response to the periodic packet, and then the power is supplied. Transition to the off state. Wireless hub 3 tells computer 1 that. B) The same applies when the user resets the wireless port. C) When the USB controller 9 of the computer 1 requests the port power release, the wireless hub 3 transmits the wireless control packet to the wireless port to be depowered. After receiving an ACK packet from the wireless port or after a timeout, change the port state to disconnected. When the radio port 5 receives the radio control packet instructing the disconnection, it sends an ACK packet to the radio hub 3 and deregisters the radio hub that it owns. D) If, for example, three communication errors occur in one wireless transaction, the wireless hub 3 sets the port to the disconnected state and sets the disconnection in the port state part of the periodic packet. E) If the wireless port 5 fails to detect a packet, for example, three times in a row, it is determined that the wireless hub 3 has fallen into a communication disabled state, the hub registration is canceled, and the power-off state is entered. Note that the wireless port may fail to detect the periodic packet when it is suspended or disabled. In this case, in order to perform resynchronization, the wireless packet is constantly monitored for a time corresponding to, for example, three cycles. If the periodic packet is still not detected, the same process as above is performed.
【0069】
F) If the port state portion of the periodic packet changes to disable, the radio control packet corresponding to the port suspend or disable instruction should normally be received from the radio hub 3 before that. Therefore, if these are not received, it is interpreted that the wireless hub has been disconnected due to a transaction failure, the wireless hub is deregistered, and the power-off state is changed.
【0070】
Next, the method of inter-host communication will be described with reference to FIGS. 8 to 11. FIG. 8 is a block diagram when computer A (51) and computer B (53) communicate with each other. Computer A (51) is connected to wireless hub A (59) via USB55. The wireless hub A (59) wirelessly communicates with the wireless port 63 and the wireless port 65 by the method described above. It is assumed that the wireless channel A is used for communication with the wireless port 63 and the wireless port 65. When an application on computer A (51) issues a connection establishment command to communicate with computer B (53), wireless hub A (59) sends DDBa60 (Device-DeviceBridge-a). Logically generate and start. This DDBa60 will be described in detail later. On the other hand, computer B (53) is also connected to wireless hub B (61) via USB 57. The wireless hub B (61) communicates with the wireless port 67 and the wireless port 69 on the wireless channel B. When the wireless hub B (61) communicates with the wireless hub A (59), the wireless hub B (61) is DDBb62 (Device-Device). Bridge-b, device-device bridge b) is logically generated and started. This DDBb62 is functionally the same as the DDBa60 and will be described in detail later. The DDBa60 and DDBb62 communicate with the computer A (51) and the computer B (53). The transmission from DDBa60 to DDBb62 is performed on radio channel B, and vice versa.
【0071】
Since USB regulates only communication between the host and peripheral devices, a communication method is adopted in which the peripheral devices respond to polling from the host. Therefore, it is impossible for the host to communicate with each other on an equal footing under USB. If one host simply acts as a peripheral to the other host, it would abandon the connection to the peripherals underneath the host, which is not desirable. Therefore, DDBa and DDBb are provided in each host (in the wireless hub in this embodiment) and operated as virtual peripheral devices. Then, by carrying out wireless communication between DDBa and DDBb, communication between hosts is possible. Since DDBa and DDBb are provided for communication between computer A and computer B, a new pair of DDBs will be provided for communication with other computers. In this embodiment, the wireless hub is logically generated and started, but even if the control unit A (17) in FIG. 1 emulates this DDB, an appropriate number of DDBs are hardened. It may be provided as a target. In addition, by dividing the wireless channel as shown in FIG. 8, it is possible to simultaneously perform the above-mentioned host-peripheral device communication other than the host-to-host communication.
【0072】
Figure 9 shows the functional blocks of DDB71. Since it operates as a peripheral device in USB when viewed from a computer, it has a USB interface 71a on the computer side. The USB interface 71a responds to polling from the computer according to the USB protocol. On the other hand, it has a wireless interface 71c for communicating with the wireless transmitter / receiver A21 in the wireless hub 32 of FIG. Data is transmitted until the data from the computer is received and transmitted as a wireless signal by the wireless transmitter / receiver A21, or the signal received by the wireless transmitter / receiver A21 is transmitted in response to the poll from the computer. You also need a buffer 71b to hold. The configuration of the buffer 71b may be any, but it is also possible to divide the USB interface 71a into a wireless interface 71c direction and vice versa. In this embodiment, since the DDB is a logical device by the control unit A (17), the buffer 71c becomes a part of the buffer 19.
【0073】
Next, the operation for establishing the connection between the computer A (51) and the computer B (53) will be described (see FIG. 10). Here, the case where the application in the computer A (51) issues a connection instruction is shown (step 800). When the connection command is issued, the wireless hub 59 generates and activates DDBa60 and assigns a port number to DDBa60 (step 810). It is assumed that the DDBa60 has the same device ID as the wireless hub A (59). However, another ID may be assigned. The radio hub A (59) then searches for packets on the radio hub B (61) across all radio channels. When the packet of the wireless hub B (61) is found, the wireless hub A (59) monitors the wireless channel B, avoiding the transmission timing of its own periodic packet, and waits for the reception of the periodic packet (step 820). If, for example, the periodic packet of the wireless hub B (61) is not received even by the monitor having three or more cycles, the wireless hub A (59) sets the transmission timing of the periodic packet for its own system from the next time, for example, the wireless frame. Delay 1/2 of the length. Prior to this, the radio hub A (59) activates all radio ports and notifies the change of transmission timing by a radio control command.
【0074】
When wireless hub A (59) receives a periodic packet from wireless hub B (61) on wireless channel B (step 830), wireless hub A (59) is the DDB of the USB system it operates on wireless channel A. The connection request packet is transmitted on the radio channel B (step 840). However, if it is not indicated that the DDB can be connected to the periodic packet from the wireless hub A (61), the connection request packet cannot be transmitted. The wireless hub B (61) then transmits the connection permission packet on the wireless channel B (step 850). In the case of the wireless hub-wireless port shown above, the port number was included in the allowed connection packet. This is because the port number is used when the state change is indicated by the bitmap in the periodic packet. However, in inter-host communication, the state change may not be notified in particular, so it is optional whether or not the port number is included in the connection permission packet. Upon receiving the connection permission packet, the wireless hub A (59) returns an ACK to the wireless hub B (61) on the wireless channel B (step 860). On the other hand, the wireless hub B (61) generates and starts the DDBb62 and assigns the port number (step 870). Also, the DDBb 62 has the same device ID as the wireless hub B (61). However, different IDs may be assigned. It is also possible to generate and start DDBb62 in response to a connection request packet.
【0075】
After transmitting the ACK, the radio hub A (59) switches the radio channel, and this time, the radio channel A used in its own system transmits a periodic packet destined for DDBb62 (step 880). This can be done by specifying reception of the DDB to the wireless hub B (61) as the destination. Then, the radio hub B (61) that has received the ACK and the periodic packet transmits the connection request packet on the radio channel A (step 890). Upon receiving the connection request packet, the radio hub A (59) transmits the connection permission packet on the radio channel A (step 900). In response, radio hub B (61) transmits an ACK over radio channel A (step 910). When the wireless hub A (59) receives the ACK, it specifies a packet other than DDBb62 in the subsequent periodic packet (step 920). Therefore, when the wireless hub B (61) receives a periodic packet that does not specify itself on the wireless channel A, it can be seen that the ACK is received by the wireless hub A (59), so that the wireless hub A (59) The device ID and radio channel of A are stored correspondingly and the port number of DDBb62 is stored (step 930). On the other hand, the wireless hub A (59) tentatively stores the device ID and the wireless channel of the wireless hub B (61) as B and the port number of the DDBa60 (step 940). However, this does not mean that all the settings are completed. DDBa and DDBb must be identified on computer A and computer B, respectively. This process must be performed by the computer and wireless hub as shown in FIG.
【0076】
As a result, the USB address, the wireless channel information, the port number, and the corresponding wireless hub ID are registered corresponding to the wireless hub table, and the establishment of the connection is completed.
【0077】
Next, the processing when a communication request is sent from the computer A to the wireless hub A will be described with reference to FIG. Upon receiving the communication request from computer A (51) to computer B (53), wireless hub A (59) returns NAK to computer A (51) (step 1010). Then, the radio channel used by the wireless hub B (61) connected to the computer B (53) is searched, switched to the wireless channel, and after carrier sense, only the data packet is transmitted to the wireless hub B (61). (Step 1020). The communication request includes an OUT token and a data packet, but the OUT token is discarded. Since it may take some time to send the data packet to the wireless hub B (61) after receiving the communication request, only the data packet is stored in the DDBa (60) buffer.
【0078】
Upon receiving the data packet, the wireless hub B (61) interprets the downstream packet as host-to-host communication and stores the data packet in the buffer of DDBb62 corresponding to the source ID (step 1030). The downstream direction indicates transmission from the wireless hub, and the upstream direction indicates transmission to the wireless hub. In this case, the data packet is downstream because it is transmitted from wireless hub A (59). However, transmission from a normal wireless port is upstream because it is transmission to a wireless hub, and can be distinguished. If the data packet can be stored in the buffer of DDBb62, the radio hub B (61) returns an ACK to the radio hub A (59) (step 1050). On the other hand, if the buffer is full and cannot be stored, the NAK is returned to the wireless hub A (59).
【0079】
Then, when the wireless hub A (59) that has received the ACK receives the same instruction from the computer A (51) to the same destination, the wireless hub A (59) returns the ACK to the computer A (59) (step 1040). The wireless hub B (61) also sends out the received data packet in response to polling from computer B (step 1060). Upon receiving this, computer B (53) sends an ACK back to wireless hub B (61), and in response, wireless hub B (61) releases the buffer that contained the data packet. (Step 1070).
【0080】
In FIG. 11, the operation performed by the wireless hub on the computer corresponds to the device in which the DDB is connected to USB.
【0081】
When the DDB is provided and the host-to-host communication is performed in this way, the DDB uses a wireless channel different from the communication with the wireless port, so that it is not possible to constantly monitor the periodic packets of the wireless hub. Therefore, DDB maintains the link by the existence of the packet from the other party. Links that have not been communicated for a certain period of time are disconnected by the host. This time can be set arbitrarily. Also, USB systems with links for host-to-host communication cannot be suspended. DDB will perform disconnect processing when it receives a port suspend instruction. If the system suspends, all links will be broken. Here, for example, it is assumed that the link for inter-host communication is disconnected in the following cases. (a) Disconnect command by USB host (b) Reset by user (c) Three consecutive errors in one wireless transaction (d) Suspend wireless hub or wireless port (e) Absence of communication for a certain period of time or longer [0082]
The disconnect command from one host is transmitted to the other by a radio control packet. As a result, the disconnection process is also performed on the other host. Disconnection under any other condition will not be notified to the other system. In the other party's system, disconnection processing is performed due to an error in a subsequent transaction or absence of communication. A disconnected DDB cannot reuse at least this timeout period.
【0083】
With the above mechanism, it is possible to construct a network extremely easily, and it is possible to specify a host in exactly the same way as accessing a device. On the other hand, since communication is only between directly connected hosts, the network is limited to the range of radio waves. When communicating beyond this, it is conceivable to communicate with an intermediate host as an intermediary. This is made possible by the higher layer protocol without any changes to the above mechanism. However, the higher-level device driver is responsible for maintaining the bus topology and communication path, and must assign a unique physical address for the USB host-to-host communication network.
【0084】
The above is an example, and the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned examples. For example, the functional blocks in the wireless hub 3 and the wireless device 5 can be divided into arbitrary blocks so that the above-described processing can be performed. In addition, computer 1 shows only one USB connector, but can have more than one. Only 71 devices are connected to wireless port 5, but it can be changed so that multiple devices can be connected. Although FIG. 1 shows that the wireless hub 3 is provided outside the computer 1, it can also be provided inside the computer 1. Similarly, the wireless port 5 is provided outside the device 7, but it is also possible to provide it inside the device 7. Further, the control unit and the USB interface unit can be replaced by a microprocessor and a program.
【0085】
Furthermore, the number of DDBs and the number of wireless ports shown in FIG. 8 are arbitrary. In addition, it is possible to increase the number of computers. Functional blocks in DDB are also optional and are not limited to Figure 9. The DDB generation / startup process in FIG. 10 may not affect the connection process even if it is not performed at the timing shown in the figure. For example, DDBb (62) on the computer B side may be performed between step 830 and step 850.
【0086】
It should be noted that the numerical values shown in the above examples are the numerical values in this embodiment, and naturally change when the implementation method is changed.
【0087】
[effect]
We were able to provide a way to overcome the problems that arise when making buses wireless, such as USB.
【0088】
In addition, by making USB wireless, it was possible to eliminate the burden and problems of cable connection and make it easier to attach / detach / move devices.
【0089】
It was also possible to show a configuration that enables host-to-host communication via wireless USB.
[Simple explanation of drawings]
[Figure 1]
It is a block diagram which showed the apparatus example of this invention.
[Figure 2]
It is a figure which showed the configuration example of a wireless packet.
[Fig. 3]
It is a figure which shows the processing flow at the time of connection of a wireless hub 3 and a wireless port 5.
[Fig. 4]
It is a figure which shows the communication flow of a wireless hub 3 and a computer 1 .
[Fig. 5]
It is a figure which shows the movement of a packet at the time of wireless communication.
[Fig. 6]
It is a flowchart which shows the process at the time of suspend / resume.
[Fig. 7]
It is a flowchart which shows the process at the time of suspend / resume.
[Fig. 8]
It is a functional block diagram of computers A and B at the time of communication between hosts.
[Fig. 9]
It is a functional block diagram of DDB.
[Fig. 10]
It is a figure which shows the process flow of connection establishment at the time of performing communication between hosts.
[Fig. 11]
It is a figure which shows the processing flow of communication between hosts.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 computer 3 wireless hub 5 wireless ports 7 devices 9 USB controller 11 USB 13 Knecta 15 USB interface unit A 17 Control unit A 19 buffer 21 Wireless transmitter / receiver A 23 Wireless transmitter / receiver B 25 Control unit B 27 USB interface unit B 29 connector 31 USB 33 USB controller 51 Computer A 53 Computer B 55,57 USB 59 Wireless Hub A 60 DDBa 61 Wireless hub B 62 DDBb 63,65,67,69 wireless port
11 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007088775A | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
7 members in 4 offices
Priority claims7
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 21278497 | Japan | A | |
| 21278497 | Japan | A | |
| 9212784 | Japan | – | |
| 28021497 | Japan | A | |
| 212784 | – | – | – |
| JP19970212784 | – | – | – |
| JP19970280214 | – | – | – |
Members7
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR19990023310A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| JPH11112524A | Japan | A | |
| TW363313B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| JP3045985B2This record | Japan | B2 | |
| KR100306547B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| US2003043771A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US6603744B2 | United States of America | B2 |
34 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
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|---|---|---|
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Numbers
- Publication
- 3045985
- Publication, DOCDB
- 3045985
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP3045985B
- Application
- 9280214
- Application, DOCDB
- 28021497
- Application, EPODOC
- JP19970280214
Titles2
- Japanese
- 接続確立方法、通信方法、状態変化伝達方法、状態変化実行方法、無線装置、無線デバイス、及びコンピュータ
- English
- Description: A connection establishment method, a communication method, a state change transmission method, a state change execution method, a wireless device, a wireless device, and a computer.
Classification
- CPC, 5
- H04W76/10
- H04W4/18
- H04W8/26
- H04W72/00
- H04W72/04
- IPC, 6
- G06F13 00
- H04L12 28
- H04L29 08
- H04W74 04
- H04W84 12
- H04W88 00
