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23 claims: 10 independent, 13 dependent
- 1(57)【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】移動体システム利用者および別のシステム利用者が各地理的なサービス領域をそれぞれ限定する地理的に分離された複数のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを通してそれらの間で利用者情報信号を通信し、前記移動体システム利用者がセルサイトサービス領域を変更したときに前記複数のセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つを通して前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間に通信を導くセル電話システムにおいて、 前記移動体システム利用者が1つのセルサイトのサービス領域に存在し、前記1つのセルサイトを通して前記別のシステム利用者と利用者情報信号を通信している間に、前記1つのセルサイトサービス領域から別のセルサイトのサービス領域への前記移動体システム利用者の転移を決定し、前記別のセルサイトを識別するハンドオフ要求を提供する手段と、 前記移動体システム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトと前記別のセルサイトからの前記利用者情報信号を結合し、前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトと前記別のセルサイトを通して前記利用者情報信号を同時に通信するように、前記ハンドオフ要求に応答して、前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトを通して前記利用者情報信号の通信を継続中に前記別のセルサイトを通して前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の通信を結合する手段と、 前記別のセルサイトを通して前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の通信の結合に応答して、前記別のセルサイトを通しての前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の通信を継続させながら、前記1つのセルサイトを通しての前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の通信を終了させる手段とを具備するシステム。
- 2【請求項2】各セルサイトは前記送信セルサイトを示すパイロット信号を送信し、前記決定手段は、 前記移動体システム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトサービス領域から前記別のセルサイトサービス領域への転移中であるとき、前記セルサイト送信パイロット信号を受信し、受信された各パイロット信号の信号強度を測定し、パイロット信号強度測定を比較し、最大の測定された信号強度の受信されたパイロット信号および元のセルサイトを示す信号強度信号を供給する前記移動体システム利用者に配置された走査受信手段と、 前記信号強度信号を受信し、前記信号強度信号が前記1つのセルサイトの送信パイロット信号が前記別のセルサイトの送信パイロット信号より大きい信号強度であることを示す状態から、前記別のセルサイトの送信パイロット信号が前記1つのセルサイトの送信パイロット信号より大きい信号強度であることを示す状態に変化したときに、前記ハンドオフ要求を発生する前記移動体システム利用者の装置に配置された処理手段とを具備している請求項1記載のシステム。
- 3【請求項3】前記移動体システム利用者はシステム制御装置に結合するために前記1つのセルサイトに前記ハンドオフ要求を通信し、前記システム制御装置は前記結合手段を含み、前記結合手段は、 前記ハンドオフ要求を受信し、それに応答して第1のスイッチ命令を発生するシステム処理手段と、 前記システム処理手段の制御の下に前記1つのセルサイトを介して前記移動体利用者と前記システム利用者との間において前記利用者情報信号の前記通信を結合し、前記第1のスイッチ命令に応答して前記別のセルサイトを介して前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間において前記利用者情報信号の前記通信を結合するスイッチング手段とを具備している請求項2記載のシステム。
- 4【請求項4】前記終了手段において、 前記処理手段は、ハンドオフ完了命令を発生するために前記別のセルサイトを介する前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間における利用者情報信号の前記通信にさらに応答し、前記移動体システム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトおよび前記別のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを介して前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ完了命令を通信し、 前記システム処理手段がさらに第2のスイッチ命令を発生するために前記ハンドオフ完了命令に応答し、 前記スイッチング手段がさらに前記1つのセルサイトを介する前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間における前記利用者情報信号の通信を中断する前記第2のスイッチ命令に応答する請求項3記載のシステム。
- 5【請求項5】セル無線通信システム中で移動体システム利用者と別のシステム利用者との間の通信を1つのセルから別のセルにハンドオフする方法において、 システム制御装置により、1つのセルサイトを通しての移動体システム利用者と別のシステム利用者との間の利用者情報信号の中継を制御し、 前記移動体システム利用者および前記別のシステム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトを通して前記利用者情報信号を通信している間に、前記1つのセルサイトのサービス領域から別のセルサイトのサービス領域への前記移動体システム利用者の転移を前記移動体システム利用者によって決定し、 前記転移決定に応答して前記移動体システム利用者によって、前記別のセルサイトを識別する第1の制御信号を発生し、 前記移動体システム利用者から前記1つのセルサイトを通して前記システム制御装置に前記第1の制御信号を通信し、 前記第1の制御信号に応答して前記システム制御装置によって、前記1つのセルサイトを通しての前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の前記通信と同時に、前記別のセルサイトを通しての前記移動体システム利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間の前記利用者情報信号の通信を導き、前記移動体システム利用者が前記1つのセルサイトと前記別のセルサイトからの前記利用者情報信号を結合するステップを含む方法。
- 6【請求項6】前記移動体システム利用者によって前記別のセルサイトを介した前記別の利用者と前記移動体システム利用者との間における前記利用者情報信号の前記通信に応答して第2の制御信号を発生し、 前記1つのセルサイトおよび前記別のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを介して前記移動体システム利用者から前記システム制御装置へ前記第2の制御信号を通信し、 前記システム制御装置によって前記1つのセルサイトへの前記利用者情報信号の通信を終了するステップを含む請求項5記載の方法。
- 7【請求項7】前記移動体システム利用者によって通信された前記利用者情報信号、前記1つのセルサイトおよび前記別のセルサイトは予め定められた拡散コードにしたがって変調された拡散スペクトルである請求項5記載の方法。
- 8【請求項8】前記移動体システム利用者によって通信された前記利用者情報信号、前記1つのセルサイトおよび前記別のセルサイトは予め定められた拡散コードにしたがって変調された拡散スペクトルである請求項6記載の方法。
- 9【請求項9】移動体利用者は別の移動体利用者および公衆電話システムの利用者に対して通話を開始し、およびそれから通話を受信することができ、システム制御装置の制御下において複数のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを通じて、前記通話を中継することができ、前記通話は前記少なくとも1つのセルサイトと対応した移動体利用者との間で通信されたときに異なる予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがってそれぞれ変調された拡散スペクトルである利用者情報信号を含んでいるセル無線電話システムにおいて、各セルサイトは、同じ予め定められたパイロット信号拡散コードにしたがって変調された拡散スペクトルであり隣接したセルサイトに関して異なる予め定められたコード位相であるパイロット信号を送信し、前記移動体利用者が前記セルサイトのサービス領域を変化したときに前記セルサイトを通じて1つの移動体利用者と別の利用者との間において通信の中継を導く方法において、 第1のセルサイトを通じて移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間において利用者情報信号を通信し、 前記第1のセルサイトおよび第2のセルサイトによって前記パイロット信号を送信し、 前記1つの移動体利用者において前記第1および第2のセルサイト送信パイロット信号を受信し、 前記移動体利用者において受信された前記パイロット信号の相対的なパイロット信号強度を前記移動体利用者において決定し、 相対的なパイロット信号強度の前記決定に応答して前記移動体利用者において、前記第2のセルサイトの送信パイロット信号が前記第1のセルサイトの送信パイロット信号に関して予め定められたレベルであるときにハンドオフ要求を発生し、 前記第1のセルサイトを介して前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ要求を通信し、 前記システム制御装置によって前記移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間における利用者情報信号の前記通信を中継するように前記第2のセルサイトを割当て、 前記第2のセルサイトを通じて前記移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間において前記利用者情報信号を通信し、前記移動体利用者および別の利用者が前記第1および第2の両セルサイトを通じて同時に通信するステップを含む方法。
- 10【請求項10】前記移動体利用者において前記第2のセルサイトを通じて中継された前記利用者情報信号の前記通信を検出し、 前記利用者情報信号の通信を中継された前記第2のセルサイトの前記検出に応答して前記移動体利用者においてハンドオフ終了命令を発生し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトの少なくとも1つに前記ハンドオフ終了命令を送信し、 前記第1のセルサイトを通じて前記移動体利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間における前記ハンドオフ終了命令に応答して利用者情報の前記通信を終了するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 11【請求項11】前記第1のセルサイトにおいてセルDDモード要求を発生し、 前記移動体利用者に前記セルDDモード要求を中継するステップを含み、 前記移動体利用者は前記セルDDモード要求に応答して前記第1および第2のセルサイトを通じて前記別のものとの通信を維持する請求項9記載の方法。
- 12【請求項12】前記第1のセルサイトを通じて前記利用者情報信号を通信するステップは、 前記システム制御装置において前記別の利用者から利用者情報信号を受信し、 前記システム制御装置から前記第1のセルサイトに前記別の利用者情報信号を結合し、 前記第1のセルサイトにおいて前記システム制御装置から前記別の利用者情報信号を受信し、 第1の拡散スペクトル信号を供給するように第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記第1のセルサイトにおいて前記別の利用者情報信号を変調し、 前記第1のセルサイトによって第1の拡散スペクトル信号を送信し、 前記移動体利用者において前記第1の拡散スペクトル信号を受信し、 前記別の利用者情報信号の出力を提供するように前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記移動体利用者において前記受信された第1の拡散スペクトル信号を拡散から元に戻し、 移動体利用者情報信号の入力を受信し、 第2の拡散スペクトル信号を供給するように前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記移動体利用者において前記移動体利用者情報信号を変調し、 前記移動体利用者によって前記第2の拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を送信し、 前記第1のセルサイトにおいて第2のスペクトル信号を受信し、 前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記第1のセルサイトにおいて、前記移動体利用者情報信号を供給するように前記受信された第2の拡散スペクトル信号を拡散から元に戻し、 前記第1のセルサイトから前記システム制御装置に前記移動体利用者情報号を結合し、 前記システム制御装置において前記第1のセルサイトから前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、 前記システム制御装置から前記別の利用者に前記移動体利用者情報信号の出力を供給するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 13【請求項13】相対的なパイロット信号強度を決定するステップは、 前記1つの移動体利用者において前記受信されたパイロット信号の強度を測定し、 前記移動体利用者において前記パイロット信号強度測定を比較し、 最大の信号強度の前記パイロット信号の1つを識別するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 14【請求項14】前記ハンドオフ要求を通信するステップは、 前記第1のセルサイトに前記ハンドオフ要求を送信し、 前記第1のセルサイトによって前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ要求を中継するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 15【請求項15】利用者情報信号の前記通信に前記第2のセルサイトを割当てるステップは、 前記ハンドオフ要求から前記第2のセルサイトの識別符号を決定し、 前記移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間において前記利用者情報信号を通信するときに前記第2のセルサイトに前記第2のセルサイトの割当てを通信し、 前記移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間における前記利用者情報信号の通信のための前記第2のセルサイトにおいて複数のモデムの1つを前記第2のセルサイトで選択するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 16【請求項16】前記第1および第2のセルサイトを通じて前記利用者情報信号を通信するステップは、 前記システム制御装置において前記別の利用者から利用者情報信号を受信し、 前記システム制御装置から前記第1および第2のセルサイトに前記別の利用者情報信号を結合し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトにおいて前記システム制御装置から前記別の利用者情報信号を受信し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトのそれぞれにおいて第1の拡散スペクトル信号を提供するように前記予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記第1および第2のセルサイトにおいて前記別の利用者情報信号を変調し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトによって前記第1の拡散スペクトル信号を送信し、 前記移動体利用者において前記第1の拡散スペクトル信号を受信し、 前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記移動体利用者において前記受信された第1の拡散スペクトル信号を拡散から元に戻し、 前記別の利用者情報信号の出力を供給するように前記拡散から元に戻された第1の拡散スペクトル信号を結合し、 移動体利用者情報信号の入力を受信し、 第2の拡散スペクトル信号を供給するように前記移動体利用者において前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記移動体利用者情報信号を変調し、 前記移動体利用者によって前記第2の拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を送信し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトにおいて前記第2の拡散スペクトル信号を受信し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトのそれぞれから出力の前記移動体利用者情報信号を供給するように前記第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記第1および第2のセルサイトにおいて、第1および第2のセルサイトで受信された第2の拡散スペクトル信号を拡散から元に戻し、第2のセルサイト拡散スペクトル信号を受信し、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトのそれぞれから前記システム制御装置に前記移動体利用者情報信号を結合し、 前記システム制御装置において前記第1のセルサイトから前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、 前記システム制御装置において前記第1および第2のセルサイトから受信された前記移動体利用者情報信号を結合し、 前記システム制御装置から前記別の利用者に前記結合された移動体利用者情報信号の出力を供給するステップを含む請求項9記載の方法。
- 17【請求項17】前記第1のセルサイトを通じて前記移動体利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間において利用者情報の前記通信を終了するステップは、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つによって前記システム制御装置にハンドオフ終了命令を中継し、 前記システム制御装置によって前記別の利用者と前記第1のセルサイトとの間における前記利用者情報信号の通信を結合から元に戻し、 前記第1のセルサイトによって前記別の利用者から前記移動体利用者への前記利用者情報信号の通信を遮断し、 前記第1のセルサイトにおいて終了命令を発生し、 前記移動体利用者に前記終了命令を送信し、 前記移動体利用者によって前記移動体利用者から前記第1のセルサイトへの前記利用者情報信号の通信を遮断するステップを含む請求項10記載の方法。
- 18【請求項18】移動体利用者は別の移動体利用者および公衆電話システムの利用者への利用者情報信号からなる通話を開始し、およびそれからの通話を受信することができる移動体無線電話システムであって、前記通話はシステム制御装置の制御の下に複数のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを通じて中継され、各セルサイトは対応したサービス領域を有し、前記移動体利用者がセルサイトサービス領域を変化したときに前記セルサイトを通じて1つの移動体利用者と別の利用者との間の通信の中継を制御するシステムにおいて、 元の各セルサイトを示すパイロット信号を発生し送信する前記複数のセルサイトの各セルサイトにおける手段と、 利用者から利用者情報信号を受信し、第1のセルサイトに前記利用者情報信号を結合する前記システム制御装置における手段と、 前記システム制御装置から前記第1の利用者情報信号を受信し、第1の予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって前記利用者情報信号を拡散スペクトル変調し、意図された受信移動体利用者に前記拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号を送信する前記第1のセルサイトにおける手段と、 前記第1の拡散コードにしたがって前記第1のセルサイトの送信拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号を受信し拡散から元に戻し、前記利用者情報信号の出力を供給する前記移動体利用者における手段と、 移動体利用者情報信号の入力を受信し、前記第1の拡散コードにしたがって前記移動体利用者情報信号を拡散スペクトル変調し、前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を前記第1のセルサイトに送信する前記移動体利用者における手段と、 前記第1のセルサイトおよび第2のセルサイトによって送信されたパイロット信号を受信し、それぞれ受信されたパイロット信号の相対的なパイロット信号強度を決定し、前記第2のセルサイトの受信パイロット信号が前記第1のセルサイトの送信パイロット信号に関して予め定められたレベルである場合、ハンドオフ要求を発生し、前記第1のセルサイトに前記ハンドオフ要求を送信する前記移動体利用者における手段と、 前記ハンドオフ要求および前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、前記第1の拡散コードにしたがって前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を拡散から元に戻し、前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ要求および前記移動体利用者情報信号を結合する前記第1のセルサイトにおける手段と、 前記第1のセルサイトから前記ハンドオフ要求および前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、前記第2のセルサイトに前記利用者情報信号を結合するために前記ハンドオフ要求に応答して前記利用者に前記移動体利用者情報信号を結合する前記システム制御装置における手段と、 前記第2のセルサイトにおいて前記システム制御装置から前記利用者情報信号を受信し、前記第1の拡散コードにしたがって前記利用者情報信号を拡散スペクトル変調し、前記移動体利用者に前記拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号を送信する手段と、 前記第1の拡散コードにしたがってさらに前記第2のセルサイト送信拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号を受信して拡散から元に戻すために前記第1のセルサイト送信拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号を受信して拡散から元に戻し、前記第1および第2のセルサイト送信拡散スペクトル変調利用者情報信号から元に戻された前記利用者情報信号を結合し、前記利用者情報信号の結合された出力を供給し、前記利用者が前記第1および第2の両セルサイトを通じて一時的に前記移動体利用者と通信する前記移動体利用者における前記手段と、 前記第2のセルサイトに前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を送信するために前記入力移動体利用情報信号を受信し拡散スペクトル変調する前記移動体利用者における前記手段と、 前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、前記第1の拡散コードから前記拡散スペクトル変調移動体利用者情報信号を拡散から元に戻し、前記システム制御装置に前記移動体利用者情報信号を結合する前記第2のセルサイトにおける手段と、 前記第1および第2のセルサイトで受信された移動体利用者情報信号を結合し、前記結合された移動体利用者情報信号を前記利用者に結合し、前記第2のセルサイトから前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信するために前記第1のセルサイトから前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、前記移動体利用者は前記第1および第2の両セルサイトを通じて前記利用者と一時的に通信する前記システム制御装置における前記手段とを具備しているシステム。
- 19【請求項19】移動体利用者と前記利用者との間における通信の結合を検出する前記ハンドオフ要求を発生し、ハンドオフ終了命令を発生し、前記第1および第2のセルサイトの少なくとも1つに前記ハンドオフ終了命令を送信する前記移動体利用者における前記手段と、 前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ終了命令をさらに受信して結合するために前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信し、拡散から元に戻して前記システム制御装置に結合する前記第1および第2のセルサイトにおける前記手段と、 前記第1のセルサイトに対する前記利用者情報信号の結合を解除する前記第1および第2のセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つから前記ハンドオフ終了命令をさらに受信するために前記第1および第2のセルサイトから前記移動体利用者情報信号を受信して結合する前記システム制御装置における前記手段とを具備している請求項18記載のシステム。
- 20【請求項20】各セルサイト拡散スペクトルは同じ予め定められたパイロット信号拡散コードにしたがって各パイロット信号を変調し、またそれぞれ隣接したセルサイトに関して異なる予め定められたコード位相の各パイロッ信号を変調する請求項18記載のシステム。
- 21【請求項21】移動体利用者は別の移動体利用者および公衆電話システムの利用者への通話を開始し、およびそれから通話を受信することができるセル無線電話システムにおいて、前記通話がシステム制御装置の制御下に複数のセルサイトの少なくとも1つを通じて中継され、各通話がそれぞれ前記少なくとも1つのセルサイトとそれに対応した移動体利用者との間で通信されるような異なる予め定められた利用者情報信号拡散コードにしたがって拡散スペクトル変調された利用者情報信号から構成され、各セルサイトが同じ予め定められたパイロット信号拡散コードにしたがって拡散スペクトル変調され、隣接したセルサイトに関して異なる予め定められたコード位相のパイロット信号を送信し、移動体利用者が前記セルサイトのサービス領域を変化するとき前記セルサイトを通じて1つの移動体利用者と別の利用者との間で通信の中継を制御する方法において、 第1のセルサイトを通じて移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間で利用者情報信号を通信し、 前記移動体利用者から前記第1のセルサイトで受信された前記利用者情報信号の信号強度を前記第1のセルサイトにおいて決定し、 前記信号強度が予め定められたレベルより下になったときに、前記信号強度の決定に応答して前記第1のセルサイトにおいてハンドオフ要求を発生し、 前記システム制御装置に前記ハンドオフ要求を通信し、 前記移動体利用者から前記各隣接したセルサイトで受信された前記利用者情報信号の前記信号強度を各隣接したセルサイトで決定するために前記システム制御装置によって前記第1のセルサイトに複数の隣接したセルサイトをそれぞれ割当て、 前記移動体利用者から前記各隣接したセルサイトにおいて受信された前記利用者情報信号の各隣接したセルサイトの信号強度において決定し、 前記移動体利用者から前記各隣接したセルサイトにおいて受信された前記利用者情報信号の各隣接したセルサイトの信号強度によって前記システム制御装置に報告し、 前記隣接したセルサイトの少なくとも1つを通じて前記移動体利用者と前記別の利用者との間で前記利用者情報信号を通信し、前記移動体利用者および別の利用者が前記第1のセルサイトと前記隣接したセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つの両方を通して同時に通信するステップを含む方法。
- 22【請求項22】前記隣接したセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つを通る前記利用者情報信号の前記通信を検出し、 前記第1のセルサイトを通る前記移動体利用者と前記別のシステム利用者との間における利用者情報の前記通信を終了するステップを含む請求項21記載の方法。
- 23【請求項23】前記第1のセルサイトにおいてセルダイバーシティモード要求を発生し、 前記移動体利用者に前記セルダイバーシティモード要求を中継するステップを含み、 前記移動体利用者が前記第1のセルサイトおよび前記隣接したセルサイトの前記少なくとも1つを通じて前記別の利用者との通信を維持するために前記セルダイバーシティモード要求に応答する請求項21記載の方法。
Independent claims23
2 paragraphs, as filed
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
Background of the invention I. Field of invention The present invention relates to a cell telephone system. In particular, the present invention relates to a new and improved system that controls handoff in communication of a mobile unit cell site station in a code division multiple access (CDMA) cell telephone system. II. Description of prior art The use of Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) modulation technology is just one of several technologies that facilitate communications in the presence of a very large number of system users. Other technologies such as Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) and AM Modulation Technologies such as Amplitude Compressed Single Sandband (ACSSB) are known, but CDMA is one of these other technologies. It has a great advantage over modulation technology. The use of CDMA technology in multiple access communication systems is described in US Pat. No. 4,901,307 to Applicants of the Invention (filed October 17, 1986, "SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SATELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS",). Has been done. In the above patent specification, a satellite relay device or an earth base station (cell site station, that is, a cell) in which a large number of mobile telephone system users each having a transceiver use a code division multiple access (CDMA) spread spectrum communication signal. Multiple access technology is shown that communicates through (also known as a site). By using CDMA communication, the frequency spectrum can be reused many times, and therefore the system user capacity can be improved. The use of CDMA results in significantly higher spectral efficiency than can be achieved using other multiple access technologies. In a typical cell telephone system, the available frequency band is typically divided into 30 KHz channels within the bandwidth, while analog FM modulation technology is used. The system service area is geometrically divided into cells of varying size. The available frequency channels are divided into sets, each set usually containing an equal number of channels. The frequency set is assigned to the cell to minimize the probability of common channel interference. For example, consider a system in which there are seven frequency sets and the cells are hexagons of equal size. The frequency set used in one cell is not used in the six closest or neighboring cells surrounding that cell. In addition, the frequency set in a cell is not used in the 12 second closest neighbors of that cell. The handoff technology performed in a typical cell telephone system is intended to make a series of calls when a mobile telephone crosses the boundary between two cells. A handoff from one cell to another begins when the cell site receiver processing the call recognizes that the signal strength received from the mobile phone is below a predetermined threshold. To. A low signal strength indication means that the mobile phone must be near the cell boundary. When the signal level falls below a predetermined threshold, the cell site determines whether the adjacent cell site receives a mobile phone signal with better signal strength than the current cell site. To the system controller. The system controller that responds to the current cell site request sends a message to the adjacent cell site by handoff request. Cell sites adjacent to the current cell site use a special scanning receiver that looks for signals from mobile units on the identified channel. If one of the adjacent cell sites reports an appropriate signal level to the system controller, a handoff will be attempted. The handoff begins when a free channel is selected from the channel set used in the new cell site. A control message is sent to the mobile phone instructing to switch from the current channel to the new channel. At the same time, the system controller switches the call from the first cell site to the second cell site. In a normal system, the call is interrupted if the handoff to the new cell site is unsuccessful. There are many reasons for failure in handoffs. The handoff can fail if there are no free channels available in the adjacent cells that communicate the call. In fact, if you report that this cell site is hearing the mobile phone when another cell site is actually hearing different mobile units using the same channel in completely different cells. Even handoffs can fail. This reported error results in a call being switched to an incorrect cell and a cell whose typical signal strength is insufficient to maintain communication. In addition, handoffs can fail if the mobile phone is unable to hear the channel switching instructions. Actual working experience shows that handoff failures that question the reliability of the system occur frequently. Another common problem in normal telephone systems occurs when a mobile phone is near the boundary between two cells. In this situation, signal levels tend to fluctuate at both cell sites. This signal level variation results in a ping-pong situation in which repeated requests pass calls to each other between two cell sites. Such an additional unnecessary handoff request increases the probability of a mobile unit hearing the channel switch instruction incorrectly or not hearing it at all. In addition, the ping-pong state increases the probability of interruption if a call is unnecessarily transmitted to a cell where all channels are currently in use and are not available to receive a handoff. Therefore, it is an object of the present invention to improve the cell's telephone system in handing off calls between cell sites and thus to provide high service reliability. Abstract of the invention In a CDMA cell telephone system, the same frequency band is used for all cells. CDMA waveform characteristics that provide processing gain are also used to distinguish between signals that occupy the same frequency band. Therefore, the mobile phone or unit does not need to switch frequencies when a call handoff is made from one cell site to another. In addition, the probability that the call will be interrupted if the handoff instruction is received incorrectly is substantially reduced. In a CDMA cell telephone system, each cell site has multiple modulator-demodulator units or diffusion spectrum modems. Each modem consists of a digital spread spectrum transmission modulator, at least one digital spread spectrum data receiver and a search receiver. Each modem at the cell site is assigned to the mobile unit because it needs to communicate with the mobile unit. Thus, in many examples a large number of modems are available, while others can be active in communicating with each mobile unit. In the present invention, handoff skims are used in CDMA cell telephone systems where new cell site modems are assigned to mobile units while older cell sites continue to serve calls. When the mobile unit is located in the transition region between two cell sites, the call can be switched between the cell sites when the signal strength is indicated. Since the mobile unit always communicates through at least one cell site, there is no disruption effect on the mobile unit or in service. If the mobile unit communication is reliably configured with the new cell site, for example if the mobile unit is good in the new cell, the old cell site will block the call service. The handoff technique presented here can be thought of as a "soft" handoff in the communication between the mobile unit and the cell site. Soft handoff is essentially a make-before break switching feature. Conversely, a normal cell telephone system can be thought of as performing a break-before-make switching function. In the CDMA cell telephone system of the present invention, a soft handoff technique that allows a mobile unit to initiate a handoff is realized. The mobile unit is also allowed to determine the best new call location for which communication is transferred from the old cell site. It is preferred that the mobile unit initiates a handoff request to determine a new cell site, but the handoff processing decision may be made as in a normal cell telephone system. As discussed earlier for conventional systems, cell sites determine when handoffs are appropriate and require the search for mobile unit signals in adjacent cells via the system controller. The cell site that receives the strongest signal determined by the system controller receives the handoff. In a CDMA cell telephone system, each cell site transmits a "pilot carrier" signal. This pilot signal performs the initial system synchronization and is used by the mobile unit to provide robust time, frequency and phase tracking of the cell site transmission signal. Each cell site also provides a "configuration" channel consisting of cell site identification, system timing, mobile paging information and diffuse spectrum modulation information such as various other control signals. The pilot signals transmitted from each cell site have the same spread code but different code phase offsets. The phase offset allows the pilot signals to be distinguished from each other, resulting in the identification between the cell sites where they originated. By using the same pilot signal code, the mobile unit can discover system timing synchronization in a single search through all pilot signal code phases. The strongest pilot signal, as determined by correlation processing for each code phase, can be easily identified. The identified pilot signal corresponds to the pilot signal transmitted by the nearest cell site. Upon acquisition of the strongest pilot signal, i.e., the first synchronization of the mobile unit with the strongest pilot signal, the mobile unit searches for the appropriate set channel for its cell site. The set channel is transmitted by a cell site that uses one of several different predetermined diffusion spectrum codes. In the examples of the present invention, 21 different codes are used. However, it must be understood that more or less code can be used in the configuration channels determined by the system parameters. The mobile unit begins searching for all the different codes used in the configuration channel. System information is received and processed when the mobile unit identifies the appropriate configuration code for its cell site. The mobile unit also monitors the configuration channel for control messages. One such control message indicates that the call is waiting to be transmitted to this mobile unit. The mobile unit continuously scans the receiving pilot carrier signal code at the code offset corresponding to the adjacent cell site transmitting the pilot signal. This scan is performed to determine if the pilot signal generated from the adjacent cell is stronger than the pilot signal initially determined to be the strongest. In the inactive mode of this call, if the pilot signal of the adjacent cell site becomes stronger than the transmit pilot signal of the first cell site, the mobile unit acquires the strong pilot signal and the corresponding setting channel of the new cell site. .. When a call is initiated, a pseudo (PN) code address is determined for use during this call. The code address is assigned by the cell site or is determined by a pre-arrangement based on the identification code of the mobile unit. After the call is initiated, the mobile unit continuously scans the pilot signal transmitted by cell sites located in adjacent cells. Pilot signal scanning is performed continuously to determine if one of the adjacent cell site transmission pilot signals is stronger than the pilot signal transmitted by the cell site with which the mobile unit is communicating. If the pilot signal sent by a cell site located in an adjacent cell becomes stronger than the pilot signal sent by a cell site in the current cell, then a new cell must be entered and a handoff must be initiated. Indicates a mobile unit. In response to this pilot signal strength determination, the mobile unit generates a control message and transmits it to the cell site currently servicing the call. This control message indicating that the new cell site transmit pilot signal is stronger than the current cell site transmit pilot signal is supplied to the system controller. The control message also contains information that identifies the new cell site and PN code. When the handoff of mobile unit communication to the identified new cell site should be initiated, the control message interrupted by the system controller is translated. The system controller starts the handoff process. It must be understood that during the handoff, it is not necessary to change the PN code address of the particular mobile unit undergoing the handoff process. The system controller initiates the handoff by assigning a modem located at the new cell site to the call. This modem is given the PN address associated with the call communicating between the mobile unit and the current cell site modem. A new cell site modem assigned to service a call searches for and discovers a mobile unit transmit signal. The cell site modem also initiates an outbound signal. The mobile unit searches for the outbound signal according to the signal and set channel information provided by the new cell site. When a new cell site modem transmission signal is acquired, the mobile unit is switched to listening for this signal. The mobile unit sends a control message indicating that the handoff is complete. Control messages are given to the system controller by one or both of the old and new cell site modems. In response to this control message, the system controller switches the call to the new cell site modem while blocking the call through the old cell site modem. The old cell site modem becomes a group of free modems that can be used for reassignment. As an additional improvement, the handoff process can introduce a second mode of operation. This second mode is referred to herein as the cell site diversity mode. Major issues relating to cell site diversity mode are further described in US Patent Application No. 07 / 432,552 (DIVERSITY RECEIVER IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM, filed November 7, 1989). In cell site diversity mode, a call can take an intermediate state as described above with reference to the call being processed by the two cell sites. A total of three demodulation processors or receivers are used in the embodiments presented herein with reference to the mobile phones of the present invention. One of the receivers is used for scanning functions, while two other receivers are used as 2-channel diversity receivers. While operating in a single cell, the scanning receiver attempts to find the cell site transmission signal traveling on the multipath to the mobile unit. These multipath signals are typically produced by the reflection of signals from terrain, buildings or other signal obstacles. When two or more such reflections are found, the two receivers are assigned to the two strongest paths. The scanning receiver continuously evaluates the multipath to keep the signals on the two strongest paths in sync with the two receivers when the path state changes. In cell site diversity mode, the two strongest paths from each cell site are determined by the search receiver. The two receivers are assigned to demodulate the signals of the two strongest of the four paths available from the first and new cell sites. The data demodulation process uses information from both of these receivers in the diversity combination operation. The result of this diversity combination operation provides greatly improved resistance to the harmful fading that can occur in a multipath cell telephone environment. Although different types of diversity combination techniques are technically known, the present invention uses diversity combinations that greatly improve the quality and reliability of communications in mobile cell telephone systems. In the present invention, the form of the combination of the maximum ratio is used. The signal-to-noise ratio is determined for both paths combined with the effects from the two paths loaded accordingly. The combination is coherent because the phase of each path can be determined by demodulating the pilot signal. In the path from the mobile unit to the two cell sites, path diversity reception is obtained by demodulating the mobile unit transmission signal at both cell sites. Both cell sites transfer their demodulated data signals to the system controller along with an indication of the signal quality at the cell site receiver. The system controller combines two variants of the mobile unit signal to select the signal with the highest quality display. It must be understood that undecoded or undemodulated signals can be sent to the system controller in order for good diversity combination processing to be available. The handoff process in cell diversity mode is initiated as discussed earlier. The mobile unit determines that the adjacent cell site transmit signal is of sufficient signal strength to demodulate the signal with good quality. The mobile unit sends a control message to the current cell site indicating the identification code of this new cell site and the request for cell diversity mode. The cell site relays the cell site identification code and request to the system controller. The system controller responds by connecting the call to the modem at the new cell site. The system controller performs a diversity combination of signals received by the two cell sites, while the mobile unit performs a diversity combination of signals received by the two cell sites. The cell diversity mode is continuous as long as the signals received from both cell sites are at a level sufficient to allow good quality demodulation. The mobile unit continues to search for signals transmitted from other cell sites . If the third cell site transmit signal is stronger than one of the first two cell site signals, the control message is transmitted by the mobile unit to the system controller via at least one current cell site. The control message indicates the identification code and request for this cell site for the handoff. The system controller blocks calls that are communicated over the weakest cell site signal of the three, while providing calls through the two strongest cell sites. If the mobile unit is equipped with additional receivers such as three receivers, triple cell site diversity mode is performed. Cell site diversity mode is terminated when the mobile unit determines that only one cell site is supplying the appropriate signal for quality demodulation. The mobile unit sends a control message indicating the remaining cell sites in the communication at the end of the cell site diversity mode. Cell site diversity mode can also be terminated by the system controller if the system is overloaded due to insufficient number of modems available to support full mobile unit requirements for this mode of operation. Good. The cell site diversity mode as discussed is achieved by the decisions made by the mobile unit to operate in the cell site diversity mode. However, it must be understood that the cell site diversity mode can be achieved by the decisions made in the system controller for the operation in this mode. The present invention provides substantial improvements to this cell telephone system with respect to mobile unit handoff. The make-before break handoff mechanism of the present invention provides a significant improvement in overall system reliability with low service interruptions. Execution of cell site diversity mode provides yet another improvement over regular cell telephone systems by providing additional system reliability and quality in communication. A brief description of the drawing The features and advantages of the present invention will become even more apparent from the following detailed description provided in reference to the drawings. The same reference numerals correspond in the figure. FIG. 1 is a schematic overall view of a CDMA cell telephone system according to an embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 2 is a block diagram of a mobile unit telephone configured for CDMA communication in a CDMA cell telephone system. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of a cell site device in a CDMA cell telephone system. FIG. 4 is a block diagram of a mobile telephone switching station device. Detailed description of preferred embodiments The telephone system of one embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. The system shown in Figure 1 uses CDMA modulation technology in communication between system mobile units or mobile phones. Metropolis cell systems have hundreds of cell site stations servicing hundreds of thousands of mobile phones. The use of CDMA technology easily increases user capacity in systems of this size compared to conventional FM modulated cell systems. In FIG. 1, the system controller and switch 10 are also referred to as mobile telephone switching stations (MTSOs) and typically include interfaces and processing circuits to provide system control to cell sites. The controller 10 also controls the routing of telephone calls from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) to the appropriate cell site for transmission to the appropriate mobile unit. The controller 10 also controls the routing of calls from the mobile unit to the PSTN via at least one cell site. The control device 10 guides a call between mobile users via an appropriate cell site station so that such mobile units typically do not communicate directly with each other. The controller 10 is coupled to the cell site by various means such as a dedicated telephone line, fiber optic link or microwave communication link. In FIG. 1, three such exemplary cell sites 12, 14 and 16 are shown along with an exemplary mobile unit 18 including a cell phone. Arrows 20a-20b define possible communication links between cell site 12 and mobile unit 18. Arrows 22a-22 define possible communication links between cell site 14 and mobile unit 18. Similarly, arrows 24a-24b define possible communication links between cell site 16 and mobile unit 18. The cell site service area or cell is designed in a geometric shape such that the mobile unit is usually closest to one cell site. When the mobile unit is free, i.e. there is no ongoing call, the mobile unit constantly monitors the transmission of pilot signals from each nearby cell site. As shown in FIG. 1, the pilot signal is transmitted to the mobile unit 18 by communication links 20b, 22b and 24b by cell sites 12, 14 and 16, respectively. The mobile unit determines which cell it is in by comparing the strength of the pilot signals transmitted from these particular cell sites. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the mobile unit 18 is considered to be the closest to the cell site 16. When the mobile unit 18 initiates a call, a control message is sent to the nearest cell site, cell site 16. When the cell site 16 receives the call request message, it sends a signal to the system control device 10 to transmit the telephone number of the call. System controller 10 connects the call to the intended recipient through the PSTN. If the call is initiated within the PSTN, controller 10 sends the call information to all cell sites in the area. The cell site responds by sending a paging message to the intended recipient of the mobile unit. When the mobile unit hears a page message, it responds with a control message sent to the nearest cell site. This control message notifies the system controller that this particular cell site is communicating with the mobile unit. The control device 10 then sends a call to the mobile unit through this cell site. Once the mobile unit 18 has moved out of the coverage area of the first cell site 16, an attempt is made to continue the call by routing the call through another cell site. In the handoff process, there are two different ways to initiate a call handoff, i.e. route through another cell site. The first method, called the cell site initiation handoff, is similar to the handoff method used in the original first generation analog cell telephone systems currently in use. In the cell site start handoff method, the first cell site, cell site 16, recognizes that the signal transmitted by the mobile unit 18 falls below a certain threshold level. The cell site 16 sends a handoff request to the system controller 10. The control device 10 relays the request to all adjacent cell sites 14 and 12 of the cell site 16. The controller transmission request contains information related to the channel containing the PN code sequence used by the mobile unit 18. Cell sites 12 and 14 switch the receiver to the channel used by the mobile unit and typically use digital technology to measure signal strength. If one of the cell site 12 and 14 receivers reports a signal stronger than the reported signal strength of the first cell site, a handoff is made to this cell site. The second method of initiating a handoff is called a mobile start handoff. The mobile unit comprises a search receiver used to scan the pilot signal transmissions of adjacent cell sites 12 and 14 in addition to performing other functions. If the pilot signals of cell sites 12 and 14 are found to be stronger than the pilot signals of cell sites 16, the mobile unit 18 sends a control message to the current cell site, cell sites 16. This control message includes information requesting a handoff of this cell site as well as information identifying a cell site with a high signal strength. Cell site 16 sends this control message to controller 10. The mobile start handoff method has various advantages over the cell site start handoff method. The mobile unit recognizes changes in the path between itself and various adjacent cell sites with faster and less effort than cell sites can make. However, each mobile unit must be equipped with a search receiver to perform scanning functions in order to perform a mobile start handoff. However, in the embodiments described herein having mobile unit CDMA communication capability, the search receiver has an additional function that requires its presence. FIG. 2 shows an exemplary mobile unit for cell telephone in the form of a block diagram. The mobile unit includes an antenna 30 coupled to an analog receiver 34 and a transmit power amplifier 36 through a transmit / receive switch 32. The antenna 30 and the transmit / receive switch 32 are standard designs and allow simultaneous transmission and reception through a single antenna. The antenna 30 receives the transmitted signals and supplies them to the analog receiver 34 through the transmit / receive switch 32. The receiver 34 typically receives an RF frequency signal in the 850 MHz frequency band from the transmit / receive switch 32 for amplification and frequency down-conversion to the IF frequency. This frequency conversion process is accomplished using a standard design frequency synthesizer that can tune the receiver to any frequency within the reception frequency band of the entire cell phone frequency band. The IF signal is passed through a surface sound wave (SAW) bandpass filter, which has a bandwidth of approximately 1.25 MHz in preferred embodiments. The characteristics of the SAW filter are selected to match the waveform of the signal transmitted by the cell site with a direct sequence diffusion spectrum modulated by a PN sequence clocked at a predetermined rate of 1.25 MHz in the preferred embodiment. Will be done. This clock rate is chosen to be an integral multiple of a number of common data rates such as 16Kbps, 9.6Kbps and 4.8Kbps. The receiver 34 also performs a power control function that regulates the transmit power of the mobile unit. The receiver 34 generates an analog power control signal supplied to the transmission power control circuit 38. The control and operation of the mobile unit power control configuration is described in US Patent Application No. 07 / 433,031 (METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR CONTROLLING TRANSMISSION POWER IN A CDMA CELLULAR MOBILE TELEPHON SYSTEM, filed November 7, 1989). .. The receiver 34 is also an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter (shown) that converts the IF signal to a digital signal by a conversion that occurs at a clock speed of 9.216 MHz in a preferred embodiment that is exactly eight times the PN chip ratio. Not). The digitized signal is supplied to each of two or more signal processors or data receivers, one of which is the search receiver and the other is the data receiver. In FIG. 2, the digitized signal output from the receiver 34 is supplied to the digital data receivers 40 and 42 and the search receiver 44. It should be understood that inexpensive low-characteristic mobile units may have only a single data receiver, while high-characteristic units may have more than one for diversity reception. The digitized IF signal may include a large number of on-going call signals along with pilot carriers transmitted by the current and all adjacent cell sites. The function of receivers 40 and 42 is to correlate the appropriate PN sequence with the IF sample. This correlation processing increases the signal-to-interference ratio of signals that match the appropriate PN sequence, while providing a technically well-known property as "processing gain" that does not increase other signals. Correlated outputs are detected synchronously using pilot carriers from the closest cell site as the carrier phase reference. The result of this detection process is a sequence of encoded data symbols. A characteristic of PN sequences as used in the present invention is that discrimination is performed on multipath signals. When the signal reaches the mobile receiver after passing two or more paths, there is a difference in the signal reception time. This reception time difference corresponds to the difference in distance divided by the speed of light. If this time difference exceeds 1 microsecond, one of the correlation processing paths is discriminated. The receiver can choose whether to track and receive the first or second path. If two receivers, such as receivers 40 and 42, are provided, two independent paths can be tracked in parallel. The search receiver 44 under the control of the control processor 46 received a cell site for another multipath pilot signal from the same cell site and for another cell site transmitted pilot signal. It is for continuously scanning the time domain at almost the nominal time of the pilot signal. The receiver 44 measures any reception intensity of the desired waveform at a time other than the nominal time. The receiver 44 compares the signal strength of the received signal. The receiver 44 supplies the control processor 46 with a signal strength signal indicating the strongest signal. Processor 46 supplies signals to digital data receivers 40 and 42, which process one of the strongest signals, respectively. In some cases, the transmission pilot signal of another cell site has a signal strength higher than the current cell site signal strength. At that time, the control processor 46 generates a control message requesting the transfer of the cell to the cell site corresponding to the stronger pilot signal, and transmits the control message to the system control device via the current cell site. Therefore, receivers 40 and 42 process the call through two different cell sites. The outputs of receivers 40 and 42 are supplied to the diversity coupler and decoder circuit 48. The diversity coupler circuit contained within circuit 48 adjusts the timing of the two streams of the received signal to align and adds them. This addition process proceeds by multiplying the two streams by the number corresponding to the relative signal strength of the two streams. This operation can be thought of as a maximum ratio diversity coupler. The resulting coupled signal stream is decoded using a forward stream error detection decoder, which is also included in circuit 48. In the examples, a convolutional encoding is used. The convolution encoding has a binding length of 9 and a code rate of 1/3. That is, three encoded symbols are generated and transmitted for each information bit to be transmitted. The best decoder for this type of code is the soft decision Vidavi algorithm encoder design. The resulting decoded information bits are sent to the user digital baseband circuit 50. Bazeband circuit 50 typically includes a digital vocoder (not shown). The baseband circuit 50 also acts as an interface to the handset or any other type of peripheral device. Baseband circuit 50 fits a variety of different vocoder designs. The baseband circuit 50 supplies an output information signal to the user according to the information supplied from the circuit 48. The user analog audio signal typically given by the handset is fed to the baseband circuit 50 as an input. Baseband circuit 50 includes an analog-to-digital (A / D) converter (not shown) that converts an analog signal into a digital form. The digital signal is fed to the digital vocoder in which it is encoded. Vocoder output is supplied to the forward error correction encoding circuit (not shown) for error correction. This audio digital encoded signal is output from the baseband circuit 50 to the transmission modulator 52. The transmission modulator 52 modulates the PN carrier signal whose PN sequence is selected according to the address function assigned to the call with the encoded signal. The PN sequence is determined by the control processor 46 from the call configuration information transmitted by the cell site and decoded by the receivers 40 and 42. Alternatively, the control processor 46 may determine the PN sequence through an arrangement with the cell site. The control processor 46 provides PN sequence information to the transmit modulator 52 and to the receivers 40 and 42 for call decoding. The output of the transmission modulator 52 is supplied to the transmission power control circuit 38. The signal transmission power is controlled by the analog power control signal supplied from the receiver 34. In addition, the control bits are transmitted by the cell site in the form of power adjustment instructions and processed by the data receivers 40 and 42. The power control instructions are used by the control processor in setting the power level in the mobile unit transmission. In response to the power adjustment instruction, the control processor 46 generates a digital power control signal supplied to circuit 38. Additional information regarding the interrelationships of receivers 40 and 42, control processor 46 and transmit power control circuit 38 is also further described in the patent application specification above. The transmission power control circuit 38 outputs a power control modulation signal to the transmission power amplifier circuit 36. Circuit 36 amplifies the IF signal and converts it to RF frequency by mixing it with a frequency synthesizer output signal that tunes the signal to the appropriate output frequency. Circuit 36 includes an amplifier that amplifies power to the final output level. The intended transmission signal is output from the circuit 36 to the transmission / reception switch 32. The transmit / receive switch 32 couples a signal to the antenna 30 for transmission to the cell site. The control processor 46 can also generate control messages such as cell diversity mode requests and cell site communication termination instructions. These instructions are given to the transmit modulator 52 for transmission. The control processor 46 responds to data received from the data receivers 40 and 42 as well as the search receiver 44 to make handoff and diversity coupling decisions. FIG. 3 shows an embodiment of the cell site device in the form of a block diagram. At the cell site, two receiving systems are used, each with a separate antenna and an analog receiver for spatial diversity reception. In each receiving system, the signal is processed in the same way until the signal undergoes diversity coupling processing. The elements in the dashed line correspond to the elements that correspond to the communication between the cell site and one mobile unit. The output of the analog receiver is also fed to another element used to communicate with another mobile unit. In FIG. 3, the first receiving system consists of an antenna 60, an analog receiver 62, a search receiver 64, and a digital data receiver 66. The receiving system may also include any digital data receiver 68. The second receiving system includes an antenna 70, an analog receiver 72, a search receiver 74 and a digital data receiver 76. The cell site control processor 78 is also used in signal processing and control for handoff and diversity. Both receiving systems are coupled to the diversity coupler and decoder circuit 80. The digital link 82 is used under the control of the control processor 78 to communicate the signal to and from the MTSO (FIG. 4) with the cell site transmit modulator 84 and circuit 80. The signal received by the antenna 60 is supplied to the analog receiver 62. The received signal amplified by the amplifier in the receiver 62 is converted to the IF frequency by mixing with the frequency synthesizer output signal. The IF signal is processed by a bandpass filter and digitized by the same processing as described with reference to the mobile unit analog receiver. The digitized IF signal is supplied to the digital data receiver 66, any data receiver 68 and the search receiver 64, and is described with reference to the digital data receiver and search receiver of the mobile unit in FIG. Each is processed in the same manner as above. However, the processing by the digital data receiver and the search receiver for the mobile-to-cell site link differs from that used for the cell site-to-cell site link in some respects. In the return or link from the mobile unit to the cell site, the mobile unit does not transmit a pilot signal that can be used for coherent criteria during signal processing at the cell site. Therefore, the link from the mobile unit to the cell site uses a non-coherent modulation and demodulation skim that uses 64 orthogonal signals. The discovery receiver 64 is the time with respect to the received signal to ensure that the associated digital data receiver 66, and if used, the data receiver 68 tracks and processes the strongest available time domain signal. Used again to scan the domain. This tracking process is the same as shown with reference to the mobile unit. The search receiver 64 supplies a signal to the cell site control processor 75, which supplies the control signals to the digital data receivers 66 and 68, which select the appropriate received signal for processing. In 64 orthogonal signal processing, the transmitted symbol of the mobile unit has one of 64 different possibilities. 6-bit symbol is 2<sup>6</sup>That is, it is encoded into one of 64 different binary sequences. The set of selected sequences is known as the Walsh function. The best receiving function as a Walsh function is the fast Hadamard transform (FHT). In the search receiver 64 and the digital data receivers 66 and 68, the input signals are correlated as discussed with reference to the mobile unit receiver, and the correlated output is fed to the FHT processor. The FHT processor produces a set of 64 coefficients for every 6 symbols. The 64 symbols are multiplied by the load function generated at the receiver. The load function is linked to the measured signal strength. The loaded data is supplied as an output to the diversity coupler and decoder circuit 80. The second receiving system processes the received signal in the same way as discussed for the first receiving system in FIG. The 64 loaded symbols output from receivers 66 and 76 are fed to the diversity coupler and decoder circuit 80. Circuit 80 includes an adder that adds the 64 symbols loaded from receiver 66 to the 64 symbols loaded from receiver 76. The resulting 64 coefficients are compared to each other to determine the maximum coefficient. The magnitude of the comparison result with the maximum of identity or 64 coefficients is used to determine a set of decoder loads and symbols for use within the Viterbi algorithm decoder configured in circuit 80. .. The Viterbi decoder preferably has a binding length of 9 and a code ratio of 1/2. Viterbi decoders are used to determine the most similar information bit sequences. A signal quality evaluation is obtained for each vocoder data block, nominally 15 ms of data, and transmitted as a mobile unit power adjustment command along with the data to the mobile unit. Other information regarding the occurrence of this quality evaluation is discussed in more detail in the patent application specification above. This quality rating is the average signal-to-noise ratio for 15 ms intervals. In FIG. 3, any digital data receiver 68 may be included to improve the characteristics of the system. This additional data receiver, alone or in combination with an additional receiver, can track and receive other possible delay paths of the mobile unit transmit signal. The structure and operation of this receiver is similar to that described with reference to digital data receivers 66 and 76. Receiver 68 is used to obtain additional diversity modes. Any additional digital data receiver that provides an additional diversity mode is quite effective in these cell sites located in dense urban areas where many possibilities for multipath signals occur. The signal from MTSO is coupled to the appropriate transmit modulator via digital link 82 under the control of control processor 78. The spread spectrum of the transmit modulator 84 modulates the data for transmission to the intended receive mobile unit according to a predetermined spread function as assigned by the control processor 78. The output of the transmit modulator 84 is supplied to the transmit power control circuit 86 whose transmit power is controlled under the control of the control processor 78. The output of the circuit 86 is supplied to the transmission power amplifier circuit 88. Circuit 88 includes a summing device that sums the output of another transmit modulator at the cell site with the output of the transmit modulator 84. Circuit 88 further includes a summing device that sums the summed transmit modulator output signal and the pilot signal output from the pilot signal generator 90. Circuit 88 also includes a digital-to-analog converter that converts a digital signal to an analog signal, a frequency up-conversion circuit that converts the IF frequency signal of the output from the transmit modulator to an RF frequency, and an amplifier that amplifies the RF signal. The output from the circuit 88 is supplied to the antenna 92, which radiates to the mobile unit in the cell site service area. The cell site control processor 78 makes allocations for specific calls on digital data receivers and modulators. The control processor 78 also monitors the progress of the call, the quality of the signal, and initiates a stop in the event of a signal loss. The cell site communicates with MTSO via a link 82 it is connected by a standard telephone line, fiber optic or microwave link. FIG. 4 shows the equipment used in MTSO in the form of a block diagram. MTSOs typically include a system controller, namely a system control processor 100, a digital switch 102, a diversity coupler 104, a digital vocabulary 106 and a digital switch 108. Although not shown, an additional diversity coupler and digital vocoder are coupled between the digital switches 102 and 108. If cell diversity mode is active or MTSO is being handed off by a call processed by two cell sites, the signal reaches MTSO from two or more cell sites that nominally have the same information. However, due to fading and interference at the return link from the mobile unit to the cell site, the signal from one cell site is of better quality than the signal from the other cell site. The digital switch 102 routes the information stream corresponding to a given mobile unit from one or more cell sites to a corresponding diversity coupler as determined by a signal from the diversity coupler 104 or the system control processor 100. Used for. When the system is not in cell diversity mode, the diversity coupler 104 is either bypassed or the same information is provided on each input port. A large number of series-coupled diversity couplers and vocoders are nominally provided in parallel, one for each call being processed. The diversity coupler 104 compares signal quality indicators with information bits from two or more cell site signals. The diversity coupler 104 selects the bit corresponding to the highest quality cell site signal on a frame-by-frame basis of information for output to the vocoder 106. Vocoder 106 converts the format of digitized audio signals to standard 64Kbps PCN telephone formats, analog or other standard formats. The resulting signal is sent from the vocoder 106 to the digital switch 108. Under the control of system control processor 100, calls are routed to the PSTN. The voice signal coming from the PSTN intended for the mobile unit is fed to the digital switch 108 and to a suitable digital vocoder such as the vocoder 106 under the control of the system control processor 100. The vocoder 106 encodes the input digital audio signal and feeds the resulting information bitstream directly to the digital switch 102. The digital switch 102 guides the encoded data to the cell site with which the mobile unit is communicating under the control of the system control processor 100. If the mobile unit is in handoff mode or cell diversity mode in which it communicates to multiple cell sites, the digital switch 102 is the appropriate cell site for transmission to the intended receiving mobile unit by the appropriate cell site transmitter. Route the call to. However, if the mobile unit is communicating with only one cell site or is not in cell diversity mode, the signal will be directed to only one cell site. System control processor 100 controls digital switches 102 and 108 to route data to and from MTSO. The system control processor 100 also determines the allocation of calls to the vocoder at the cell site and MTSO. In addition, the system control processor 100 communicates with each cell site control processor with respect to the allocation of specific calls between MTSO and cell sites and the allocation of PN codes for calls. Furthermore, as shown in Figure 4, the digital switches 102 and 108 are shown as two independent switches, but it is understood that this function may be performed by a single physical switching unit. It must be. The above description of preferred embodiments is made to allow all skilled in the art to form or use the present invention. Various modifications to these embodiments will be readily understood and the general principles limited herein will apply to other embodiments without the use of inventive power. Therefore, the present invention is not limited to the examples described herein, but includes a wide range of technical scope constructed by the principles of the new features disclosed herein.
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| JP63157533A | Cites | Japan |
| JP53131703A | Cites | Japan |
| JP61171269A | Cites | Japan |
| JP62199132A | Cites | Japan |
| JP63214029A | Cites | Japan |
| 【文献】米国特許4112257(US,A) | Non-patent | – |
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Priority claims9
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| 43303089 | United States of America | A | |
| 43303089 | United States of America | A | |
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| 9006416 | United States of America | W | |
| 433030 | – | – | – |
| PCTUS199006416 | – | – | – |
| US19890433030 | – | – | – |
| WO1990US06416 | – | – | – |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 3014753
- Publication, DOCDB
- 3014753
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP3014753B
- Application
- 3501047
- Application, DOCDB
- 50104791
- Application, EPODOC
- JP19910501047
Titles2
- Japanese
- CDMAセル状電話システムにおけるソフトハンドオフ
- English
- [Title of Invention] Soft Handoff in CDMA Cellular Telephone System
Classification
- CPC, 3
- H04W36/18
- H04B7/14
- H04B2201/70701
- IPC, 1
- H04W36 18
