Structural assembly system.

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

Technical field The present invention relates to a mounting system for heavy structures, in particular a disassembleable main unit assembly system and a unit for that system. Background technology In the construction industry, concrete foundations are generally formed by using formwork into which concrete is injected. This formwork usually consists of combo-git braces and beams made of reusable wood and aluminum that support the framework or braided grid for the actual base member into which concrete is injected. .. The substrate is often composed of plywood members that are flat and have a paper surface. Thus, a base sheet consisting of substantially plywood, for example having a thickness of 3/4 inch (about 1.9 cm) and having a replaceable paper liner that matches the finished surface of the concrete, is usually for nailing. It is nailed to the lower support beam with the battens. Once the concrete has solidified, the underlying formwork grid and plywood are removed. Often plywood is damaged by the entrainment of concrete and attachments that are nailed. Similarly, concrete penetrates and damages the surface of plywood. The wooden nailing batten provided on the support grid deteriorates over time as it is used and replaced repeatedly. Therefore, immeasurable spending of materials and labor is forced, and valuable resources are consumed. There are also problems with current methods of forming concrete foundations. Cement flushing if the base sheet with a seam outer shape of 4 x 8 feet (about 122 x 244 cm) causes gaps and cement penetration due to misalignment and the finished concrete surface must be smooth. (Flashing) is to be scraped off. The use of hook and loop type elements to join flexible elements is not new. In the field of garments and shoes, for many years special hook-and-loop type fixing members commonly referred to by the trademark VELCRO have been used to firmly secure their adjacent surfaces. However, this anchoring member is limited by the current effective width of no more than 4 inches and the maximum anchoring force increased by the plastic hook element. In addition, previous uses include garment openings, shoe flaps and decorative non-building panels as set forth in Wilson's US Pat. No. 4,744,189, which was enacted on May 17, 1988, or 1978. A pair of opposing hook-and-loop surfaces are attached and detached by relative motion of peeling and pasting, such as the room divider shown in Clatro's US Pat. No. 4,090,335, which was granted on May 23. Seems to be focused on the application of this kind of fasteners that can be used in. European Patent Application No. 326,925, published August 9, 1989, discloses gypsum board with a surface largely covered by a portion of a hook-and-loop fixation system. Finishing sheets or structure support members having interlocking portions of hook-and-loop fastening systems are used as attachments for attaching gypsum plates to either or both of them. European Patent Application No. 288,393, published October 26, 1988, discloses a cement sealant. A polymer sheet with a loop on one side is placed on the cement that has just been injected for sealing, and the loop is embedded in the cement that solidifies to secure the sheet and cement. Disclosure of invention In one feature, the present invention is such as a wall, ceiling or floor made of a material that can be solidified in the field and having at least a first surface, and an upholstery cover having a back surface embedded in the first surface. Providing various on-site building structures. The lining cover has a front that is substantially covered by a portion of the hook-and-loop fastening system. In a special embodiment of a building structure, the first surface is substantially flat. The back surface may have structural means for embedding in the material. Such structural means can be part of a hook-and-loop fixation system. The back surface of the upholstery cover can be treated to facilitate adhesion to the material. Building structures can be supported by formwork with a supplementary portion of a hook-and-loop fastening system that can be removed from the upholstery cover. Further, the building structure has a substantially flat first surface and a substantially flat second surface facing both of the first. It is possible to have a separate lining cover having a front surface substantially covered by a portion of the hook-and-loop type fixing system and an opposite rear surface in which the rear surface of the lining is embedded in a second surface. In another feature, the present invention comprises a system for the construction of building components that in-situ form solidatable materials and has walls, ceilings and floors. The system has a complementary assembly with a plurality of rigid members for assembling in a layered, generally flat state. In such a feature, a first of the hook-and-loop type fixing systems, which is substantially uniformly adhered to at least the first surface of the seat member to cover the first surface and to be supported across the first surface. A first member having a portion of 1 is manufactured. A hook-and-loop type that can be supplementarily attached to the first part and adheres substantially uniformly to at least the second surface of the support member to cover the second surface and to be supported across the second surface. A second member having a second part of the fixation system is manufactured. A removable coating is fixed along the third surface so that it is removable and substantially concealed from the seat member. The coating layer can have a fourth surface having mounting means so that the concrete and the coating layer can be adhered to each other when formed on it. Instead, the coating is a fourth surface with opening means to exclude the joint between the coating layer and the concrete when formed on it and to facilitate the removal of the coating layer from the concrete when the concrete hardens. Can have. In such a system, the first and second members (elements) can be sized in the field so that they can be detachably engaged with each other in the assembled system. The layers of the structure can have a portion of the hook-and-loop fixation system between a pair or more of intermediate surfaces of the structure layers. Both the first and second surfaces are substantially flat and can be tilted in the same way, and both sides can be horizontal. The sheet member can be a wall covering member. The one or more members can have a substantially uniform cross section at the portion where the member should be cut. The seat member of the system can be a covering member, a number of supporting members that are beam members, and each beam member adheres substantially uniformly to the third surface facing the second surface. It has a second part of a hook-and-loop fixation system that is supported across a third surface. Hook-and-loop type with a third member that can be supplementarily removed to a third surface that is supported by covering and supporting at least the fifth surface substantially evenly and across the fifth surface. A third member may have a plurality of beam members having a first portion of the fixation system. The system has a plurality of covering members having edges that are substantially in contact with each other, and each covering member is the first of a hook-and-loop type fixing system in which the upper surfaces are stacked and supported substantially uniformly. Has a part. The coating layer can have an upholstery cover, which has a bottom surface that is substantially covered by the second part of the hook-and-loop type fixing system that can be supplementarily attached to the first part of the top surface. However, the first portion of the upper surface is fixed to the upper surface of the covering member and is arranged so as to cover the abutting edge so as to prevent liquid concrete from reaching the abutting edge portion. In another feature, the invention includes a method of constructing a wall, ceiling or floor. This method involves assembling the formwork, which has a covering member with a front surface, a part of a hook-and-loop type fixing system on the front surface, and a first surface of the covering member. It has an upholstery cover that is part of a hook-and-loop type fixing system that can be supplementarily attached to the portion and whose front surface is substantially covered and has an opposite rear surface. The front surface of the overlay cover is fixed to the front surface of the covering member via a fixing system. The method includes a step of injecting a solidifying material onto the back surface of the upholstery cover, a step of hardening the material, and a step of removing the formwork from the structure, including the removal of the covering member. .. As part of the method, the back surface of the upholstery cover can have release means to remove the upholstery cover from adhering to the coagulable material. The method also includes the step of embedding a part of the rear surface of the overlay cover in the first surface of the solidifying material adjacent to the rear surface. Further, the portion of the upholstery cover embedded in the coagulable material can have a withering means on the back surface of the upholstery cover that forms a bond with the coagulable material as the material cures. The means of construction can be part of a hook-and-loop fixation system that substantially covers the back surface of the upholstery cover. The method can further include treating the back surface of the upholstery cover prior to injecting the material to facilitate bonding to the material. The coating group material of the method can have a first surface facing its anterior surface and can have a part of a hook-and-loop type fixing system on the first surface. The formwork is a support having a portion of the hook-and-loop fixation system that can be supplementarily attached to a portion of the hook-and-loop fixation system on the first surface of the covering member on the second surface. Members can be included, where the covering and supporting members are secured by each of these parts of the hook-and-loop type fixing system. Thus, according to one embodiment, carpets and other floor covers with suitable fixing members on the lower surface, or ceiling panels and tiles with suitable fixing members on the upper surface can be easily and removably fixed to suitable structures. Similarly, walls for partitions and the like can be attached to the stud system. Also, the members of the stud system can cooperate with such complementary layered fixing members. In another embodiment, the component having the first surface with the layer of the surface joining means first member portion attached to the backing sheet and joined to the component is removed, fixed on it in a protected state. A possible protective cover is provided, which is a complementary surface joining means to the first member of the joining means to allow attachment and removal of the protective cover and exposure of the surface layer of the first member of the joining means. It contains a layer of two members on one surface. Such an embodiment can consist of a floor and an underlay floor structure, where a protective cover is placed in place until the structure is completed to cover the underlying surface joining means. The carpet or other cover is then replaced and the protected underlay joint member is used to detachably secure the cover to the underlay floor. In general, the hook-and-loop type section fixing elements that engage with each other are made of synthetic material and are lined by fixing means to easily cover only a predetermined section in order to increase the required assembly force. It is formed as a layer that binds to the sheet. A brief description of the drawing Examples of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, but the present invention is not limited thereto. Of the attached drawings FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a concrete formwork system according to the present invention, which is partially broken. FIG. 2 is a schematic view of a structural floor system according to the present invention. 3 and 4 are schematic views of structural elements for assembling the component fixing means according to the present invention. Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional view of a fixed group material connected at the installation position assembled into one element to form a concrete-injected floor or roof. FIG. 6 is similar to FIG. 5, a cross-sectional view of the ceiling incorporating interlocking elements with coupled fixing means. FIG. 7 is a broken schematic view showing an element of a part of a partition wall according to an embodiment of the present invention. Best mode for carrying out the invention Hooks currently in use, such as the current width limit of 4 inches (about 10 cm) in VELCRO products and the current upper limit on bonding strength when the whole is in close contact, when the present invention is practiced. The problems and limitations inherent in and-loop fasteners are that each hook-and-loop element is a wide sheet, improved to a higher performance element, and improved manufacturing methods for fasteners. It will be recognized that it can be overcome by adopting. The direction of the proposed component is to adapt a hook-and-loop fastening system to the surface of the product. What is described herein is to apply the system according to the invention directly to the elements that make up the construction system. This orientation is necessary to give the required degree of freedom of attachment when the product must be transported to the site as a standard element or when the assembly is cut and fit in the structure. It becomes. In addition, the inventions disclosed in this application, as well as European Patent Application No. 89101267 (name: Anchor Board System), are not for fixing themselves, but rather for newly designed traditional structures. Is. As shown in FIG. 1, the concrete formwork assembly 10 has a plurality of support columns 12 that support the beam 14. Beams 16 are mounted on the beam 14 so as to intersect with each other, and a base sheet 18 is fixed to the beam 16. The cover 41 is placed so as to cover the gap or the connection portion 39 formed between the adjacent base sheets 18. Area fixing elements consisting of loops 27 and hooks 29 are arranged on the facing portions 11, 22, and 24 between the beam 14, the beam 16, and the base sheet 18, which are rigid components, respectively, to securely fix each component. ing. The cover 41 also utilizes an area fixing element consisting of a loop 27 and a hook 29, whereby the cover 41 is securely fixed to the base sheet 18. FIG. 2 shows a portion 30 of the floor structure. The assembled beams 32 are shown, and each beam 32 is composed of a pair of opposing flanges 34, 36 and a web 38 connecting the flanges 34, 36. Such beams 32 can be manufactured by molding with a light alloy such as aluminum or by processing metal, or by processing wood and plywood into the shapes shown. The end of the beam 32 is usually supported by a base (not shown) located at the periphery. The underlayment consisting of panels 40 is supported by beams 32. Area fixing elements for fixing each component, which consist of loop 27 and hook 29, are located in the facing contact areas 46 and 47, and the components are securely held to each other. The flexible protective cover sheet 50 is placed over the top surface of the floor panel 40 and is adjusted to cover the gap or connection 39 between the floor panels 40. While the structure is being assembled, the sheet 50 is covered with a protective over-flooring. It becomes an element) and protects the hook 29 protruding upward from the panel 40 located under the seat 50 from damage. Once the structure has been assembled and finished, the protective sheet 50 can be removed and has an area of 4 x 8 feet (approximately 122 x 244) for a flooring system with a loop layer on its underside that engages the hook 29. A plywood sheet (in centimeters) or a covering carpet with a looped underside can be installed. This point is disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,822,658. FIG. 3 shows an essentially inflexible panel 52 with a layer of elements such as loops 27 on one side. The panel 52 may be provided with an element constituting the finished surface, or may be attached to an element such as a hook 29 formed on the structure. As shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in the case of a floor surface made of solid concrete members, the area fixing elements 54 and 56 formed on the floor surface inject concrete to form the floor. Sometimes, or after injection, it can be fixed in the field. The practicality of the present invention achieved by forming surface area fixing elements 54 or 56 as in the formwork portion illustrated in FIG. 1 is facilitated by considering its appropriate adaptability. Can be enhanced to. Therefore, in the case of the flooring embodiment shown as a modification of FIG. 1, the cover 41 can be detached without adhering to concrete because it is bonded to the lower surface of the flooring material into which cement is injected. It may have a (releasable) configuration, or it may have a structure having a loop or a hook protruding upward. It is understood that the underside of the cover 41 may be provided with hooks or loops, and the choice of loops or hooks is determined by the fixing element that connects to the finished surface of the floor suspended from it. Will be. Further, the fixing element that interacts with the selected element on the lower surface of the cover 41 will be securely fixed to the upper surface of the underlying sheet 18, which allows the cover 41 to be detached from the sheet 18. It will be possible to assemble the formwork first, and then disassemble it. FIG. 4 shows a panel 60, which has a layer on which elements such as loops 27 and hooks 29 are formed and is used as an intermediate structure. When carrying out the present invention, first, as shown in FIG. 1, the supporting elements 12, 14 and 16 are assembled in a grid pattern. It can be assembled by simply joining the hook / looped parts, without the need for nailing or other auxiliary fixing steps. Similarly, the base sheet 18 is positioned and fixed in place by its own weight, along with a downward force applied upon it, and the elements 27, 29 of the respective loops and hooks are engaged. Since the barrier sheet 41 protects the upper surface of the base sheet 18, liquid concrete cannot enter the seam between adjacent sheets 18. This minimizes joist-flash grinding of the beam seams following concrete casting. In the case of the base sheet member 18, in order to reduce the weight while ensuring sufficient structural strength and robustness, it is assembled with a member such as aluminum having a foam core other than plywood. It is expected that it will be good. The barrier sheet 41 may have a surface treated surface that facilitates bonding with the injected concrete and a surface barrier layer that prevents such bonding. Further, the upper surface of the sheet 41 may be provided with irregularities in order to improve the bond with the injected concrete in the original position. In FIG. 2, which is illustrated as a pre-assembled beam, suitable floor beams are arranged at predetermined intervals. Further, the beam 32 may be connected to the section fixing element according to the present invention on the lower surface of the end portion in order to facilitate the installation thereof. Then, the underlay floor panel 40 is arranged at a position where a force temporarily applied downward is engaged with the opposing fixing elements, that is, the loop 27 and the hook 29. Then, the flexible protective cover 50 is placed on the underlay floor to cover the contact portion of the beam 39. The sheet 50 is arranged to protect the hook element 29 formed on the underlay floor panel 40. When construction work such as electrical work, plumbing work, and carpentry work is completed in addition to the above work, a carpet having a loop formed on the lower surface according to US Pat. No. 4,822,658 can be arranged in place of the sheet 50. When disassembling the system, auxiliary means such as pry bar or mechanical peeling are used due to the large fixing force that can potentially occur between the opposing attachments, the hook and the loop means. You can see what you might have to do. FIG. 7 shows the assembly 70 for the partition wall. The stud member 74 is housed in a sill piece in which a U-shaped fixing element 73 is formed. A fixing element 77 is formed on the lower surface portion 75 of the end of the stud member 74 and is engaged with the fixing element 73 of the sill piece 72. The side 78 of the stud member 74 is provided with an outer face that covers, or at least in part, the fixing element 77, to which the element 73 of the sheet 79 is adhered. When a partition wall is used, the partition wall having sufficient strength can be easily and quickly assembled and can be easily disassembled. The sill piece 72 may also be provided with a fixing element 73 or 77 on its lower surface. Partition wall elements 72 and 74 are generally constructed of rolled sheet metal, similar to the metal studs and stills currently used in nailing structures. The above disclosed examples are merely examples of the present invention, and modifications can be made within the scope of the claims attached herein.