Piston arrangement

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention relates to a piston device, and more particularly to a power transmission mechanism for connecting a piston head to a truck that controls the movement of the piston head.

BACKGROUND ART For example, a conventional piston device used in an internal combustion engine includes a piston head that can move inside a cylinder that is connected to a crankshaft by a connecting rod. In another piston device, the piston head may be connected to a track having a cam surface, which is provided with one or more cam followers that move along the track to control the movement of the piston head. ing. The present invention relates to an improvement of a power transmission mechanism for connecting a piston head to a truck in the above-mentioned other piston device.

[Summary of the Invention] A first aspect of the present invention includes a truck and a piston that can move inside the cylinder, and the truck is adapted to rotate around a rotation axis with respect to the cylinder. Further, it has a cam surface and an edge surface extending (extending) from the cam surface, and the piston is connected to the track by a follower traveling on the cam surface, and the cam surface is formed. Is formed so that the piston head reciprocates inside the cylinder according to the trajectory of the cam surface when the truck moves with respect to the cylinder, and a stabilizing member (fixing portion) is connected to the piston. The stabilizing member provides a piston device that extends below the piston head and has a contact surface that engages with the edge surface of the truck. The stabilizing member acts to fix the piston in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the edge surface of the truck.

The truck may rotate around the axis of rotation while the cylinder remains stationary with respect to the axis of rotation. Alternatively, the cylinder may move along a fixed track. The track may include a single track section, or instead may have at least two track sections on the paired faces of the stabilizer. The track or each track may have a cam surface, a single follower may run on the cam surface, or the track or each track may instead have two back-to-back cam surfaces. The first follower and the second follower may run on the surface of the back-to-back cam. A variety of different track arrangements that can be considered are discussed in more detail below.

The track may form an uninterrupted ring, and the cam surface may form an uninterrupted surface (continuous surface) extending around the ring. Alternatively, there may be breaks on the cam surface, such as small discontinuities (cuts). The cam surface may be fixed to the track, or instead, the cam surface forms a portion of the cam surface with a fixed portion fixed to the track and is movable with respect to the track. It may include moving parts that are, for example, one or more rollers attached to a truck. The rollers may be adapted to rotate around an axis of rotation, may rotate freely, may be partially restricted, and / or may be driven.

The stabilizing member may be fixed (tightly) connected to the piston head, for example, by a fastener. Alternatively, the stabilizing member may be fixedly or rotatably (rotatably) connected to the piston head or integrally formed with the piston head in another way. The stabilizing member may be connected to the piston head via an intermediate member such as a connecting rod, and the intermediate member such as the connecting rod may be fixedly connected to the piston head and the stabilizing member, or may be connected to the piston head. , The intermediate member such as the connecting rod may be rotatably connected to the piston head and the stabilizing member instead.

The stabilizing member has a thickness that is parallel to the plane of the edge surface and perpendicular to the direction of movement of the piston, significantly smaller than the length of the direction, and perpendicular to the plane of the edge surface of the track. It may look like a blade. For example, the length of the stabilizing member may be at least twice the thickness of the stabilizing member, or at least three times the thickness, or at least three times the thickness. It may be 4 times, or at least 5 times the above thickness. The length of the stabilizing member may be substantially equal to the diameter of the piston head, or instead may be greater than or less than the diameter of the piston head.

The shape of the contact surface of the stabilizing member may substantially match the shape of the edge surface of the truck. For example, the edge surface of the truck may be straight, and the contact surface of the stabilizing member may have a corresponding straight shape, or instead, the edge surface of the truck may be convex. The contact surface of the stabilizing member may have a concave shape corresponding to the shape. Alternatively, the contact surface of the stabilizing member may have some other shape, for example, the convex stabilizing member may support the straight edge surface or the convex edge surface of the truck. good.

The stabilizing member may include a first end face and a second end face, the contact surface extending between the first end face and the second end face, and the first end face and the second end face. At least one engages the positioning member to slide as the piston reciprocates. Preferably, the first and second end faces of the stabilizing member engage the first positioning member and the second positioning member so as to slide, thereby causing the piston to slide in a direction perpendicular to the plane of the edge surface of the truck. Fix it. The joint surface between the end face and the positioning member is preferably flat, but may have any other shape.

The follower may include a roller attached to the piston, which is adapted to rotate with respect to the piston as it travels along the track. The rollers may be mounted in or on the piston head and / or may be mounted in or on the stabilizing member. The piston device may include, for example, a bearing according to a second aspect of the present invention (described later). Alternatively, the follower may be a roller mounted on a fully cylindrical shaft protruding from the piston head and / or stabilizing member. Alternatively, the follower may be a roller that extends through the piston head and / or the stabilizing member, or extends into the piston head and / or the stabilizing member, the roller extending to the outer periphery of the roller. It only engages the piston head and / or the stabilizing member through a perfectly cylindrical contact surface. There may be multiple rollers or other followers attached to the piston, eg, multiple followers running on multiple cam surfaces of the truck.

The track may have a first cam surface and a second cam surface facing in opposite directions, with the edge surface extending between the first cam surface and the second cam surface. The piston includes a first follower and a second follower, and the first follower and the second follower travel on the surface of the first cam and the surface of the second cam, respectively. The first follower and the second follower are preferably arranged so as to be offset from each other in a direction parallel to the piston axis. The stabilizing member preferably extends between the first follower and the second follower and connects the first follower and the second follower. The first follower may be adapted to move the piston in the first direction along the axis of the piston, and the second follower may move the piston in the second direction opposite to the first direction. May be adapted. The facing first cam surface and the second cam surface may face each other by facing outward, or may face each other by facing inward instead.

The track may include a first track portion and a second track portion located on opposite surfaces of the stabilizing member, the first track portion having an edge surface extending from at least one cam surface. The second track portion is provided with an edge surface, the edge surface extending from at least one cam surface and facing the edge surface of the first track portion, and the stabilizing member. Provides a first contact surface and a second contact surface, and the first contact surface and the second contact surface engage with each edge surface of the first track portion and the second track portion. Therefore, the piston may be completely fixed in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the edge surface of the track.

The stabilizing member may have a substantially uniform thickness over its entire length. The stabilizing member may have a thickness that gradually narrows over the range of the stabilizing member in a direction parallel to the direction of relative movement between the piston and the track. The taper allows the stabilizing member to be self-centered within the gap formed between the edge surface of the first track section and the edge surface of the second track section, for example under hydrostatic pressure. Can be. The taper may be small compared to the overall thickness of the stabilizing member, for example, at one end of the stabilizing member, the distance between the contact surface of the stabilizing member and the edge surface of each track portion may be small. It is 0.08 mm, which is contrasted with the 0.04 mm spacing at the opposite end. Various spacing and taper angles may be adopted according to the application of the piston device. Alternatively, the stabilizing member may have any other shape, eg, a straight edge surface or a convex shape that supports a convex edge surface.

The track may be a radial track (radial track) having the cam surface arranged as a radial inner surface (internal radial surface) and / or a radial outer surface (external radial surface) with respect to the axis of rotation. good. Therefore, the track has a height extending outward in the radial direction (radial) from the axis of rotation, and the height may vary over the range of the track. The edge surface of the first track portion may be substantially parallel to the edge surface of the second track portion. The stabilizing member may be substantially straight when viewed from a direction parallel to the axis of the piston.

The track may be an annular track having the cam surface arranged in a direction parallel to the rotation axis. Therefore, the track has a height in a direction parallel to the axis of rotation, and the height may vary over the range of the track. The first track portion and the second track portion are arranged concentrically so that an annular gap is formed between the edge surface of the first track portion and the edge surface of the second track portion. May be done. Therefore, the edge surface of the first track portion and the edge surface of the second track portion may be provided with a radial outer surface of the inner track portion and a radial inner surface of the outer track portion, respectively. The stabilizing member is located inside the annular gap and may have a curved shape when viewed from a direction parallel to the axis of rotation, and the curved shape is the annular gap. It has a radius that substantially matches the curved shape. The stabilizing member may have a first contact surface and a second contact surface, the first contact surface engaging with the radial outer surface of the inner track portion and the radial outer side of the inner track portion. It has a radius of curvature that substantially coincides with the radius of curvature of the surface, and the second contact surface engages with the radial inner surface of the outer track portion and is substantially the same as the radius of curvature of the radial inner surface of the outer track portion. Has a radius of curvature that is consistent with each other.

Lubricating oil may be applied to the edge surface so that the contact surface of the stabilizing member comes into contact with the edge surface of the truck via a film of lubricating oil. When the track includes a first track portion and a second track portion, lubricating oil may be applied to the edge surfaces of both track portions.

The contact surface of the stabilizing member may include a lubricating oil pickup adapted to receive lubricating oil from the edge surface of the truck. Therefore, even if the lubricating oil is collected by the stabilizing member via the lubricating oil pickup and is supplied around the stabilizing member and around the piston to any part of the stabilizing member or the piston where the lubricating oil is required. good. The pickup may include an opening formed in the contact surface. There may be one or more pickups located on one or both contact surfaces of the stabilizing member.

The edge surface may be lubricated by a lubricating oil delivery device, wherein the lubricating oil delivery device includes a main body including a lubricating oil delivery port, and the lubricating oil is supplied through the lubricating oil delivery port. Supplied to the edge surface, the lubricating oil delivery device further comprises at least one follower, wherein the lubricating oil delivery device is supplied with the lubricating oil delivery device when the truck moves with respect to the cylinder. The lubricating oil delivery device is connected to the truck so as to reciprocate according to the track of the truck, whereby the supply of lubricating oil to the edge surface is maintained. The lubricating oil delivery device preferably comprises a first follower and a second follower traveling on the first cam surface and the second cam surface of the truck, the first follower and the second follower being lubricated in opposite directions, respectively. It works to move the oil delivery device. In some embodiments, one or both followers need not have the ability of the follower of the lubricating oil delivery device to remove the lubricating oil, but one or more of the trucks on which the follower attached to the piston travels. It may be adapted to wipe out excess oil from the cam surface. Preferably, the followers of the lubricating oil delivery device have the same spacing and radius as the first and second followers attached to the piston. The follower of the lubricating oil delivery device preferably has a sliding bearing surface that is integrally formed with the body of the lubricating oil device and runs on the cam surface of the truck. However, the lubricant delivery device may instead include bearings or rollers. Alternatively, the edge surface may be lubricated by another method, for example, lubricating oil injection.

The internal combustion engine may include at least one piston device according to the first aspect of the present invention. Alternatively, the piston device may be used in another application, eg, a pump. The internal combustion engine may include a common track that drives individual piston devices and / or multiple piston devices that operate from multiple tracks. Piston Device A second aspect of the invention comprises a piston that is movable within a cylinder and a track having a cam surface adapted to move with respect to the cylinder, wherein the piston is the cam. It is connected to the truck by a bearing running on the surface, the bearing has a roller and a curved bearing surface (support surface), and on the curved bearing surface, the roller is a cam. It is rotatably mounted so as to be held between the surface and the bearing surface, the bearing surface with the roller via a contact surface that extends only in part in the length of the outer circumference of the roller. Provides an engaged, piston device. The piston device according to the second aspect of the present invention may include at least some of the features described with respect to the first aspect of the present invention.

The bearings transmit the load between the piston and the truck via the rollers. The rollers are adapted to rotate on curved bearing surfaces, and the rollers may slide against the track but are adapted to roll along the track. Since the bearing does not have a full 360 degree contact surface between the bearing surface and the rollers, the bearing advantageously reduces or suppresses bearing whirl.

The curved bearing surface may be engaged with the radial inner surface of the roller.

The curved bearing surface may be provided on a shoe extending into the hollow center of the roller. The shoe may be integrally formed with the piston. Alternatively, the shoe may be connected to the piston in another way, for example by fasteners or by welded joints. There may be one or more intervening members that couple the shoe to the piston head. The rollers can rotate on the shoe, but may be held between the shoe and the traveling surface so that they cannot be separated from the shoe unless the shoe and the track are separated from each other. The shoe may include a single integrated shoe, or instead, the shoe may include multiple discrete shoe portions.

The shoe comprises a lubricating oil outlet and / or a lubricating oil pickup for supplying lubricating oil to the radial inner surface of the roller and / or removing lubricating oil from the radial inner surface of the roller. May be. Thus, the shoe may lubricate the interface between the curved bearing surface and the roller, and may also lubricate, for example, to regulate the temperature of the lubricant on the radial inner surface of the roller. May be replaced continuously. Preferably, the lubricant outlet and / or the lubricant pickup is provided on a curved bearing surface.

The roller may have a flange located on the side surface of the shoe and extending inward in the radial direction. The flanges may include first and second flanges that extend inward in the radial direction on the alternate sides of the shoe. The flange can help hold the roller onto the shoe.

The contact surface between the curved bearing surface and the radial inner surface of the roller may extend at an angle of less than 180 degrees. Preferably, the contact surface extends at an angle of less than 160 degrees, or less than 140 degrees, or less than 120 degrees, less than 100 degrees, or less than 90 degrees. Alternatively, the contact surface may extend at an angle greater than 180 degrees, for example an angle greater than 200 degrees. Contact surfaces that extend less than 180 degrees may improve the ease of installing the roller on the shoe, especially if the roller has one or more flanges that extend inward in the radial direction. ..

The contact surface between the curved bearing surface and the radial inner surface of the roller passes through the rotation center axis of the roller and is on one side of a plane aligned in the moving direction of the piston inside the cylinder. It may be unevenly arranged. For example, at least 55% or at least 60% or at least 70% or at least 80% of the contact surface with respect to the area may be arranged on one side of the plane. The center point of the contact surface may be biased to one side of the plane, for example, at least 5 degrees, or at least 10 degrees, or at least 20 degrees, or at least 30 degrees around the center axis of rotation of the roller. The shoes may be biased to one side of the plane. The contact surface and the shoe may be arranged in the direction of the peak load, or may be arranged unevenly in the direction of the peak load. The biased placement of the shoe on one side of the roller can help withstand peak loads transmitted through the roller between the track and the piston at angles that are not aligned in the direction of movement of the member.

The curved bearing surface may engage the radial outer surface of the roller. Since the bearing surface does not extend all around the roller, part of the outer surface of the roller remains exposed, which is part of the outer circumference of the roller where the curved bearing surface does not extend. .. Thus, the roller may travel on the cam surface while engaging with the curved bearing surface at a position directly above its interface to the cam surface. Therefore, the load transmission between the truck and the piston via the rollers is improved.

The curved bearing surface engages the roller through a contact surface that extends only a portion of the outer circumference of the roller so that the exposed portion of the roller engages the cam surface. It should be noted that the rollers may engage with larger parts of the outer circumference, eg, additional bearing surfaces extending up to 360 degrees. In this case, this additional bearing surface is placed on the side surface of the roller at a position where it is not necessary to leave a portion of the radial outer surface of the roller exposed so that the roller engages the track. This additional bearing surface may be connected to the bearing surface shown above. For example, if the rollers extend through the piston so that they engage the cam surface on the staggered sides of the piston (discussed in more detail below), the rollers are exposed radial outer surfaces. It may engage the cam surface on the staggered sides of the piston through a contact surface that leaves a portion of the piston and also through an intervening (intermediate) bearing surface that may extend all around the roller.

The piston has a piston head with a working surface, and the curved bearing surface is provided on the back surface of the piston head. The piston head is at least partially hollow or instead clogged. Alternatively, the curved bearing surface that engages the radial outer surface of the roller may be provided at another location on the piston, for example on a separate member connected to the piston by fasteners or by welded joints. May be done. There may be one or more intervening members that connect the curved bearing surface to the piston head. The rollers can rotate on the curved bearing surface, but the curved bearing surface and the traveling surface can not be separated from the curved bearing surface unless the curved bearing surface and the truck are separated from each other. It may be held between.

The curved bearing surface that engages the radial outer surface of the roller may include a lubricant outlet and / or a lubricant pickup.

The roller may have an end face of a shaft, and a holding portion is detachably attached to the piston, and the holding portion is such that the roller exceeds the holding portion and the roller rotates. It is located on the end face of the shaft of the roller so as to prevent it from moving with respect to the piston in the direction aligned with the shaft. The retainer may be attached to the piston head, for example, by one or more removable fasteners.

The contact surface between the curved bearing surface and the radial outer surface of the roller may extend at an angle between 120 degrees and 330 degrees. Preferably, the contact surface extends at an angle greater than 150 degrees, or greater than 180 degrees, or greater than 210 degrees, or greater than 240 degrees. Preferably, the contact surface extends at an angle less than 310 degrees or at an angle less than 290 degrees. The contact surface extends at an angle of, for example, about 270 degrees. However, at least a portion of the contact surface may extend at a smaller angle, eg, 90 degrees.

The contact surface between the curved bearing surface and the radial outer surface of the roller passes through the rotation center axis of the roller and is on one side of the surface aligned in the moving direction of the piston inside the cylinder. It may be unevenly arranged. The center point of the contact surface may be biased to one side of the plane. The contact surface is also biased to one side of the plane above the exposed portion of the outer surface of the roller that is not engaged by the bearing surface, which is the outer peripheral portion of the roller where the curved bearing surface is not extended. As described above, the bearings may be unevenly arranged on one side of the plane. By offsetting the exposed portion of the roller to one side, the bearing avoids track fouling over the piston head (or any other member with a curved bearing surface). , The geometry of the track and the position of the cylinder can be optimized. Alternatively or additionally, the bearing surfaces may be aligned in the direction of maximum load or may be offset in the direction of maximum load.

The cam surface may be formed so that when the truck moves with respect to the cylinder, the piston head reciprocates inside the cylinder according to the trajectory of the cam surface.

At least a part of the cam surface may be coated or surface-treated. The coating or surface treatment may increase hardness and / or reduce friction. Alternatively or additionally, at least a portion of the cam surface may be provided on a separate member with respect to the body of the truck, the separate member being stiffer and / or harder than the body of the truck. It has a surface with less friction.

The track may form a continuous ring that rotates about the axis of rotation with respect to the cylinder, and the cam surface may form a continuous surface (cut) extending around the ring. Alternatively, the cam surface may be interrupted, for example, a small discontinuity may be formed. The cam surface may be fixed to the track, or the cam surface may form a fixed portion fixed to the track and a portion of the cam surface and include a movable portion that is movable with respect to the track. For example, one or more rollers attached to a truck may be configured. The rollers can rotate about one axis of rotation and may be free-rotating, partially restricted, and / or driven.

The cylinder remains fixed while the truck moves relative to the cylinder. Alternatively, the cylinder may move relative to a fixed track.

The roller may have a ridge around the circumference of the roller that extends beyond the radial outer surface of the roller, which causes the roller to move relative to the piston in a direction determined by the axis of rotation of the roller. The track may engage (mesh) with the track to prevent, and / or the track may have a ridge extending beyond the cam surface around the circumference of the track, the ridge of the roller. It may engage with the rollers to prevent them from moving relative to the piston in the direction determined by the axis of rotation. If the rollers have ridges, the track may have corresponding recesses or grooves to engage with the ridges. If the track has a ridge, the roller may have a corresponding recess or groove to engage with the ridge. One or more bumps on the rollers and / or on the track may be located at one or both shaft ends of the roller and / or at an intermediate point between the shaft ends of the rollers. You may.

The contact surface may be partially columnar. Alternatively, the contact surface may additionally be curved in a second direction determined by the axis of rotation of the rollers.

The track may further have a second cam surface facing the first cam surface, where the piston device further has a second bearing with one roller and a curved bearing surface, where the rollers. A roller is rotatably attached to the bearing surface so that it is held between the second cam surface and the bearing surface, where the bearing surface is via a contact surface that extends a distance around the circumference of the roller. Is engaged with the roller. The second bearing may have some or all of the above features associated with the first bearing. The rollers of the first bearing are designed to move the piston in the first direction along the orbit of the surface of the first cam, and the rollers of the second bearing are opposed to the second along the orbit of the surface of the second cam. It is designed to move the piston in the direction. Therefore, the component may be fixed in both directions or may move in a reciprocating motion along the trajectory of the truck. The first and second operating surfaces facing each other may face each other outwardly apart from each other, or may face each other inwardly.

The truck may have a first track portion and a second track portion located on both facing surfaces of the piston, and each track is provided with a cam surface. One common roller may engage the cam surface of both the first and second tracks. The common roller may extend from the piston. Alternatively, two separate rollers may be provided on the staggered sides of the piston, where each roller engages one of the first and second track sections. The first track section and the second track section have a first cam surface and a second cam surface, respectively, and each surface has a first bearing and a first bearing operating on the first cam surface and the second cam surface, respectively. It faces the direction facing the second bearing.

The track may be a radial track with a cam surface arranged as a radial inner surface or a radial outer surface with respect to the axis of rotation of the track relative to the cylinder.

The cylinder has a central axis, where the axis of the cylinder does not pass through the axis of rotation of the truck relative to the cylinder. In this case, the component moves at an acute angle with respect to the radial line, rather than simply moving closer to or further from the center of the track to follow the radial direction. The axis of rotation of the truck with respect to the cylinder may be at least 10%, at least 25%, at least 50%, at least 75%, at least 100% or more than 100% of the piston process length from the cylinder axis. The axis of rotation of the truck with respect to the cylinder may be at least 2 °, at least 5 °, at least 10 °, at least 15 ° or 20 ° away from the axis of cylinder with respect to the axis of rotation of the roller. By arranging the axis of the cylinder at an angle to the axis of rotation of the truck, the structure of the piston device and the truck are optimized for efficient transmission of power from the piston to the truck and vice versa. Placing the pistons at an angle also makes it possible to optimize the tilt of the truck.

The track may be an annular track with a cam surface arranged facing a direction parallel to the axis of rotation of the track relative to the cylinder. If such a track includes a first track and a second track on the staggered side of the component, the first and second tracks will have an annular gap between the edge surfaces of the first and second tracks. It is preferably arranged concentrically so as to be formed in. As described in connection with the first aspect of the invention, the piston may have a stabilizing member that extends between the first and second parts.

The cylinder may have a central axis, where the axis of the cylinder is not parallel to the axis of rotation of the track relative to the cylinder. The axis of the cylinder may be at least 2 °, at least 5 °, at least 10 °, at least 15 ° or 20 ° away from the axis of rotation of the truck with respect to the cylinder. By arranging the axis of the cylinder at an angle to the axis of rotation of the truck, the structure of the piston device and the truck can be optimized for efficient transmission of power from the piston to the truck and vice versa. By arranging the piston at a certain angle, it is possible to optimize the inclination of the truck.

The roller may include a tapered shape such that the diameter of the roller at the radial innermost end of the cam surface is smaller than the diameter of the roller at the radial outermost end of the cam surface. The taper can have different path lengths between the innermost and outermost parts of the track, thus allowing the rollers to rotate more smoothly across the track without slipping.

The internal combustion engine has a piston operated by the bearing device according to the second aspect of the present invention. Alternatively, the piston device according to the second embodiment can be used for any other application, for example, a pump.

A third aspect of the invention provides a bearing device comprising a piston movable within a cylinder and a track having a cam surface adapted to move relative to the cylinder, a bearing moving on the cam surface. The piston is coupled to the truck by means of the bearing having a roller and a curved bearing surface, the roller having a radial outer surface moving on the cam surface, and the curved bearing surface being a roller bearing surface. It engages the radial outer surface of the roller so that it is held between the bearing surface and the cam surface, the bearing surface exposes a portion of the roller radial outer surface and the bearing is on the cam surface. It engages the roller through a contact surface that extends only a portion of the distance around the roller so that it can move over it.

A fourth aspect of the invention provides an internal combustion engine comprising a piston device comprising a piston coupled to the truck, the truck coupled to a shaft, having a cam surface, the piston on the cam surface of the truck. It has a follower that runs and controls the movement of the piston, the engine further has a casing that includes a first casing member and a second casing member, where the first casing member contacts the second casing member at the interface. , The first piston reciprocates in a bore through the interface between the first casing member and the second casing member.

Separate cylinders to which the first casing member and the second casing member are attached may be provided in the lumen within the range in which the piston operates. Alternatively, the lumen may be formed directly in the first casing member and the second casing member. An additional cylinder liner may be provided in the lumen formed in the first casing member and the second casing member. One or more pistons may be coupled to the truck. For example, two opposing pistons may be coupled to a track on the opposite side of the shaft, where each piston is in the lumen of each casing member through the interface between the first casing member and the second casing member. To move. As described in connection with the aforementioned embodiments of the present invention, the track is preferably a radial track. The truck is preferably provided with a central hole for receiving the shaft, and the truck is attached to the shaft by transferring the shaft through the central hole. Relative rotation between the track and the shaft is preferably achieved by a splined or keyed interface between the track and the shaft.

The power transmission mechanism includes a piston with a follower coupled to the output shaft by a track with a cam surface, which may be more difficult to assemble than a conventional power transmission mechanism using a crankshaft and connecting rod. Adapting the engine casing so that it is assembled around the piston and truck after the piston is coupled to the truck facilitates engine design and assembly. Casing member Casing member By configuring the casing so that the dividing line between the adjacent casing members comes to the position of the lumen, in the first casing member and the second casing member, the piston is connected to the truck and the truck is connected to the shaft. After coupling, it can be easily assembled around the piston and truck.

The track may have a first cam surface and a second cam surface facing oppositely to each other, and the pistons move on the first cam surface and the second cam surface of each track, respectively, with a first follower and a second cam. It may have a follower, where the piston engages with each track by engaging the first cam surface with the first follower and the second cam surface with the second follower. It is combined. The first follower and first cam surface may be adapted for the piston to move in the first direction, and the second follower and second surface so that the piston moves in the opposite direction of the first direction. May be adapted. The track may be held between the first and second followers, or the first and second followers may be held between the first and second cam surfaces.

The track may include a first track and a second track, where each track has a cam surface where the piston is coupled to the track via the cam surfaces of the first and second tracks. .. The cam surfaces of the first track and the second track may each be engaged by a common follower, or two separate followers may be provided so that each follower is a cam for each one of the track sections. It may engage the surface. The piston may include a stabilizing member that extends between the first track portion and the second track portion. Each track portion may have a first cam surface and a second cam surface facing in opposite directions, and the follower may run on each of the first cam surface and the second cam surface. The track portions may be separated from each other by spacers attached to the shaft, for example, annular sleeve type spacers.

A plate-shaped positioning member is provided between the first track portion and the second track portion, and the positioning member stabilizes the piston and prevents the piston from moving between the first track portion and the second track portion. Work like.

The interface between the first casing member and the second casing member may be substantially flat. The interface may be on a plane substantially perpendicular to the axis of the shaft. Alternatively, the interface may have any other shape, may not be on a plane perpendicular to the shaft, and / or may be spliced together and may include other superposition mechanisms.

The internal combustion engine may further include a second piston coupled to a second track, where the second track is coupled to a shaft and has a cam surface, the second piston on the cam surface of the second track. It has a traveling follower, which controls the movement of the second piston. The casing further includes a third casing member, where the second casing member contacts the third casing member at the interface and the second piston penetrates the interface between the second casing member and the third casing member. Reciprocate in the casing.

If the engine contains multiple trucks that operate multiple pistons, the multiple casing members reciprocate in a lumen that extends through the interface between the two adjacent casing members. It is provided along the length of. The engine may typically include any number of tracks separated along the shaft, each track coupled with one or more pistons. The two casing members are collected around the above or each piston coupled to each track. Therefore, for each additional truck, the engine includes an additional casing member such that the casing member is placed between each pair of adjacent trucks. For example, an engine that has only one track has a set of end casing members that contact at the interface around the above or each piston coupled to a single track. Each end casing member partially contains a lumen such that the above or each piston coupled to a single track moves within the lumen. An engine having only two trucks has a set of end casing members and an intermediate casing member disposed between the track pairs, wherein the intermediate casing member is the above or each piston coupled to one of the trucks. It contacts one of the end casing members at the passing interface and contacts the other of the end casing members at the interface through which the above or each piston coupled to the other of the truck passes. In an engine with only three trucks, the casing members are a set of end casing members, an intermediate casing member located between the first and second trucks, and between the second and third trucks. Includes another casing member arranged.

Commonly designed casing members may be used to assemble diverse and different engines with a large number of different truck / piston devices. Therefore, the number of different parts required to create multiple differently designed engines is reduced.

Each casing member may at least substantially surround the shaft. The gap or opening may be located within at least one casing member that opens towards the inside of the oil sump. Alternatively, at least one casing member does not have to extend around the shaft. The end casing member may be open at the inward facing end to join adjacent casing members or closed at the outward facing end to seal the end of the engine casing member. It may be. Intermediate casing members (placed between two adjacent trucks if the engine has multiple trucks) are generally open at both ends to join adjacent casing members on both sides. .. Casing members may be cast and / or machined.

The casing members may be connected to each other by a plurality of fasteners that pass through each casing member. The fastener may be, for example, a bolt or a screw rod. The casing members may be connected to each other by a single set of fasteners passing through all the casing members, or each casing member may be individually connected to adjacent casing members. In addition, one or more alignment pins may pass through at least two adjacent casing members.

A fifth aspect of the invention provides a method of assembling an internal combustion engine comprising a piston device comprising a piston coupled to a truck, wherein the truck is coupled to a shaft and has a cam surface, the piston. It has a follower that travels on the cam surface of the truck and controls the movement of the piston, the engine further includes a casing including a first casing member and a second casing member, where the first casing member is second at the interface. Upon contact with the casing member, the first piston reciprocates in a lumen through the interface between the first casing member and the second casing member, the method comprising:

a) the first piston device is coupled to the shaft by coupling the first track to the shaft and the first piston to the first track, b) after the first piston device is coupled to the shaft, the first casing member. And the second casing member is gathered around the first piston, c) the first casing member and the second casing member are joined using one or more fasteners.

The first casing member and the second casing member may move into place with respect to the shaft at the same time after the first piston device is coupled to the truck, or at different times after the first piston device is coupled to the truck. good. Alternatively, either one of the casing members moves into place before the first piston device is coupled to the shaft, and the other casing member is after the first piston device is coupled to the shaft (first casing member and). It may be moved to a predetermined position (so that the second casing members gather).

As mentioned above, the power transmission mechanism includes a piston with a follower coupled to the output shaft by a track with a cam surface, which is larger and more assembled than a conventional power transmission mechanism using a crankshaft and connecting rod. May be difficult. Adapting the engine casing so that it is assembled around the piston and truck after the piston is coupled to the truck facilitates engine design and assembly. In particular, the engine assembler can reach the engine completely from at least one side of the piston device, so there is ample space to connect the first piston to the first track and the first track to the shaft.

The internal combustion engine may further include a second piston coupled to a second track, where the second track is coupled to a shaft and has a cam surface, the second piston on the cam surface of the second track. It has a traveling follower, which controls the movement of the second piston. The casing further includes a third casing member, where the second casing member contacts the third casing member at the interface and the second piston is at the interface between the second casing member and the third casing member. Reciprocate in the penetrating casing. The method further comprises the following steps.

d) Coupling the 2nd piston device to the shaft by connecting the 2nd track to the shaft and connecting the 2nd piston to the 2nd track, e) After the 2nd piston device is connected to the shaft, the 2nd casing Collect the members and the third casing member around the second piston, f) use one or more fasteners to join the first casing member and the second casing member, the second casing member and the third casing member. The second casing member is placed between the first and second pistons, where the first and second piston devices are both coupled to the shaft.

The second casing member (which is an intermediate casing member located between two adjacent piston devices connected to two adjacent individual trucks) is the second casing member before the first and second piston devices are coupled to the truck. , Is added in place with respect to the shaft. In this way, the second casing member can be moved to a predetermined position without the piston colliding on the truck. The second casing member is provided before either the first piston device or the second piston device is coupled to the shaft, or after one of the piston devices is coupled to the shaft and the other piston device is coupled to the shaft. Before being combined, it is added in place.

The first casing member, the second casing member, and the third casing member may be simultaneously connected to each other by using, for example, a common set of fasteners. Alternatively, the first casing member and the second casing member are connected to each other by the first set of fasteners, and the second casing member and the third casing member are separately connected to each other by using the second set of fasteners. It may be combined.

A fifth aspect of the invention may be used to assemble an engine having an arbitrary number of trucks separated along a shaft, where each truck forms one piston unit. In this case, each intermediate casing member (located between two adjacent tracks) is added in place (usually after the piston device on one side is coupled to the shaft), but the piston devices on both sides It is added in place before being coupled to the shaft. Each end casing member is added to a predetermined position after the piston device located at the far end of the shaft has been added to the predetermined position.

If the engine has one or more positioning members located between two adjacent track sections, the method further joins the plurality of casing members together to form a casing section around the piston and truck. The step of arranging the positioning member between the first track portion and the second track portion is further included.

The internal combustion engine according to the fourth aspect may include the piston device according to any one of the first, second and / or third aspects of the present invention, and the method according to the fifth aspect of the present invention. May be used to assemble an internal combustion engine comprising a piston device according to any one of the first, second and / or third aspects of the invention.

[Drawing] Subsequently, each embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the accompanying drawings shown below.

FIG. 1 shows an engine.

FIG. 2 shows an engine with various components omitted.

3 and 4 show end and top views of the engine with the casing omitted.

5a, 5b, 6a, and 6b show a power transmission mechanism for one of the pistons of an engine with certain parts omitted.

Figures 7a through 7e show the pistons of an engine.

FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the power transmission mechanism for one of the pistons of the engine.

9a and 9b show two of the engine pistons, a positioning member used to stabilize the pistons, and an oil feed mechanism.

Figures 10a through 10d show various alternative bearing arrangements.

FIG. 11 shows alternative trucks that can be used in the engine.

12, FIG. 13a, FIG. 13b, and FIG. 14 show alternative track layouts.

Figures 15a and 15b show alternative bearing arrangements.

Figures 16a through 16j show the various stages of the engine during assembly.

[Detailed Description of Each Embodiment] FIG. 1 shows an internal combustion engine 1 including a block assembly 2, two head assemblies 3a and 3b, and an exhaust system. FIG. 2 shows engine 1 with the head assemblies 3a and 3b and the exhaust system omitted. These head assemblies and exhaust systems do not form part of the present invention and will not be described in detail. The block assembly 2 includes three casing members 4a, 4b, and 4c. Four piston assemblies 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are mounted inside the casing members 4a, 4b, and 4c. 3 and 4 show end and top views of engine 1 with the casing members 4a, 4b, and 4c removed so that the piston assemblies 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d are visible, respectively. 5a, 5b, 6a, and 6b show the first piston assembly 5a with the second piston assembly 5b, the third piston assembly 5c, and the fourth piston assembly 5d omitted for clarity. Is shown. Hereinafter, the structure and function of the first piston assembly will be described in detail. It should be noted that the second piston assembly, the third piston assembly, and the fourth piston assembly may be understood to be structurally and functionally similar to the first piston assembly.

The first piston assembly 5a comprises a piston 80. The piston 80 has a piston head 7 (shown in FIGS. 7a-7d) that is movable within the cylinder sleeve 8 (visible in FIG. 2). The piston head 7 is connected to an output shaft 9 having a rotation shaft 9a and an output flange 10 via a track. The truck includes a first track section 11a and a second track section 11b. The track portions 11a and 11b are attached to the output shaft 9 by a spline connecting portion (not shown) and are rotatably fixed to the output shaft 9. The track portions 11a and 11b rotate around the rotation shaft 9a together with the output shaft 9 with respect to the piston head 7 and the cylinder sleeve 8.

Each track portion 11a / 11b has a cam surface 12a / 12b on the outer surface in the radial direction extending around its outer circumference. Further, each of the track portions 11a and 11b has cam surfaces 13a and 13b on the inner side in the radial direction, which are arranged on the lower surface of the overhanging portion. The inner cam surfaces 13a and 13b face in a direction away from the outer cam surface (that is, in the opposite direction). The planar edge surfaces 14a and 14b extend between the outer cam surface and the inner cam surface of each track portion.

7a, 7b, 7c, and 7d show side views, front views, rear views, and perspective views of the first piston assembly 5a. The piston includes a piston head 7, a stabilizing member (fixing portion) or a blade member 15, and a cap member 16. The stabilizing member 15 is connected to the lower part of the piston head and extends below the piston head. Further, the cap member 16 is connected to the lower part of the stabilizing member and extends below the stabilizing member. The stabilizing member 15 and the cap member 16 are connected to the piston head 7 by bolts 17. The piston further comprises a cylindrical first roller 18 and a second roller 20. The first roller 18 and the second roller 20 are mounted inside the piston so as to be rotatable.

The first roller 18 has a radial outer surface. The surface is supported by a set of contact surfaces 19a that are partially cylindrical. The contact surface 19a is formed on the lower surface of the piston head 7 (that is, the surface opposite to the working surface) on each surface of the piston (that is, the facing surfaces of the stabilizing member 15). Each of the partially cylindrical contact surfaces 19a extends only a partial distance around the outer circumference of the roller 18. This allows the contact surface 19a to leave a portion 18a of the radial outer surface of the roller exposed below the contact surface 19a without completely enclosing the roller (illustrated in FIGS. 7a-7d). ing). The exposed portion 18a travels on the cam surfaces 12a and 12b on the outside of the trucks 11a and 11b and transmits a load between the piston and the truck. The partially cylindrical bearing surface 19a is located directly above the contact surface located between the roller 18 and the outer cam surfaces 12a and 12b of the track. Therefore, the roller can efficiently transmit the load directly between the piston and the truck.

The partially cylindrical contact surface 19a is (i) approximately 90 ° around the angle of rotation of the roller 18 at the narrowest outermost part (ie, the farthest end of the stabilizing member 15 from the body). It extends over an angle α1 and (ii) extends over an angle of about 270 ° in the widest innermost part. Also, as shown in FIG. 7e, the roller 18 engages the piston via an additional fully cylindrical contact surface 19b located between the partially cylindrical contact surfaces 19a. It fits. However, the completely cylindrical contact surface 19b is arranged between the cam surfaces 12a and 12b at a position where the rollers do not engage with the truck. Therefore, it is not necessary to expose any part of the radial outer surface of the roller at that position.

As shown in FIG. 7a, the partially cylindrical contact surface 19a is not arranged symmetrically with respect to the central axis 7a of the piston head 7. Each of the contact surfaces is offset to one side of the piston shaft when the piston is viewed from the direction of the rotation axis of the roller 18. Due to this deviation, the exposed portion 18a of the roller is displaced to one side of the piston, and a gap is created for the tracks 11a and 11b. In the absence of the void, a foul can occur in the piston. As also shown in FIG. 3 and FIG. 5a, which will be described in more detail later, this is the embodiment shown in FIG. It is especially important in (shifted to). The first roller 18 is prevented from moving in the axial direction by the keeper plate 22 (shown in FIG. 7a). The keeper plate 22 is bolted to the piston head at each axial end of the roller.

The second roller 20 has a radial outer surface. The surface is supported by a set of contact surfaces 21a that are partially cylindrical. The contact surface 21a is formed on the upper surface of the cap member 16 on each surface of the piston. Each of the partially cylindrical contact surfaces 21a extends only a portion of the circumference of the roller 20 (over the angle α2). This allows the contact surface 21a to leave a portion of the radial outer surface 20a exposed above the contact surface 21a without completely surrounding the roller. The exposed portion 20a travels on the inner cam surfaces 12a and 12b and transmits a load between the piston and the trucks 11a and 11b. As shown in FIG. 7a, the partially cylindrical contact surface 21a is displaced, similar to the partially cylindrical contact surface 19a that engages the roller 18. Also, the second roller 20 has a smaller diameter and a lighter structure than the first roller. The reason is that the peak load transmitted between the piston and the truck by the second roller is smaller than the peak load transmitted between the piston and the truck by the first roller.

The stabilizing member 15 includes a first contact surface 23a and a second contact surface 23b (shown in FIG. 7d). The first contact surface 23a and the second contact surface 23b are engaged with the edge surfaces 14a and 14b of the tracks 11a and 11b, respectively, via an oil film for stabilizing the piston with respect to the track. The contact surfaces 23a and 23b are substantially planar so as to correspond to the planar edge surface of the truck. However, at its thickness t, the stabilizing member is parallel to the direction of relative movement between the stabilizing member and the track (indicated by the arrow in FIG. 8) over the range of the stabilizing member. Has a taper. As a result, the distance between the contact surfaces 23a / 23b of the stabilizing member and the edge surfaces 14a / 14b of the tracks 11a / 11b decreases from the front to the rear of the stabilizing member (the front approaches). It is defined as the end facing the incoming track, that is, the front is the upper edge of the page in Figure 8). As an example, the stabilizing member may have a taper angle α3 of about 0.03 °. Due to the tapered shape of the stabilizing member 15, when the truck moves with respect to the piston, the stabilizing member itself can be positioned in the center by the action of hydrostatic pressure, and the piston can be stabilized. FIG. 8 shows a cross section of the stabilizer and track obtained by a plane perpendicular to the axis of movement of the piston. In FIG. 8, the taper is emphasized for illustrative purposes.

The stabilizing member 15 includes a first end face 30 and a second end face 31. Contact surfaces 23a and 23b extend between the first end surface 30 and the second end surface 31. As shown in FIG. 9a, the first end surface 30 and the second end surface 31 engage with the first positioning surface 32a and the second positioning surface 33a provided on the first positioning member 32 and the second positioning member 33. However, it slides with respect to the first positioning surface 32a and the second positioning surface 33a (note that the positioning member is not shown in FIGS. 3 to 6b to improve clarity). The positioning member is a plate-shaped member. The positioning member is arranged between the first track portion 11a and the second track portion 11b, and is bolted to the casing members 4a, 4b, and 4c when the engine is completely assembled (see the figure). In 3 to 7, the positioning member is omitted so that the piston track and piston are not obscured). The positioning members 32 and 33 prevent the stabilizing member 15 from moving or rotating in the front-rear direction inside the slots formed between the track portions. As shown in FIG. 9a, the same set of positioning members is also utilized to position the stabilizing members of the second piston assembly 5b.

The stabilizing member 15 includes an oil pickup 24. The oil pickup 24 has openings in its contact surfaces 23a and 23b. The opening receives oil from the oil film on the edge surfaces 14a and 14b of the tracks 11a and 11b. Oil is supplied from the oil pickup 24 around the piston to the position where lubrication is required via the internal oil passage 25. The positions are, for example, the interface between the first roller 18, the piston head 7, and the stabilizing member 15, and the interface between the second roller 20, the stabilizing member 15, and the cap member 16.

The oil is transported to the edge surfaces 14a and 14b by the oil feeding device 50 shown in FIGS. 9a and 9b. The oil feeding device 50 includes an elongated body 51. The main body 51 is slidably received inside the storage 60 formed inside the positioning member 33. The main body 51 has a working surface facing in the direction opposite to the set of the positioning member 33 and the cam followers 52 and 53. The cam followers 52 and 53 extend from either end of the working surface of the main body. The first cam follower 52 has a bearing surface having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of the first roller 18. The first cam follower is supported by the outer cam surface 12a of the first track portion 11a. The second cam follower 53 has a bearing surface having a radius of curvature substantially equal to the radius of the second roller 20. The second cam follower is supported by the cam surface 13a inside the first track portion 11a. The working surface of the oil feeding device is located close to the edge surface 14a of the first track portion 11a. When the truck rotates inside the engine, followers 52 and 53 move the refueling device inside the compartment 60, depending on the shape of the truck's path. This keeps the working surface close to the edge surface of the track. A second oil feeding device (not shown) is provided in a similar slot 62 formed in the other positioning member 32.

The oil is transported to the inside of the housing 60 via an internal path by the pressure of a pump (not shown). The internal path extends so as to penetrate the positioning member 33 and has a discharge port inside the storage portion (note that the discharge port of the internal path is covered by the main body 51 of the oil feeding device 50). However, in FIG. 9a, the opening of the discharge port toward the inside of the similar storage portion for receiving the similar oil feeding device in the other positioning member 32 is visible). The oil is received and collected inside a chamber 54 (shown in FIG. 9b) formed on the back surface of the body 51. Then, the oil is supplied to the edge surface 14a of the first track portion 11a through the hole 55 extending from the chamber 54 to the working surface so as to penetrate the main body 51. The chamber is long enough that if the refueling device is driven by truck 11a, the outlet can drain the oil directly into the chamber 54 over the entire range of movement of the refueling device. The working surface serves to limit the height of the oil film formed on the edge surface 14a. The working surface can also serve as a wiper to remove excess oil. Therefore, the oil feeding device 50 can continuously supply oil to the edge surface 14a of the track portion 11a in a short time by a controlled method upstream of the stabilizing member. Thereby, when the edge surface passes through the stabilizing member, the edge surface can be satisfactorily lubricated. The second oil feeding device lubricates the edge surface 14a of the track portion 11a in a short time upstream of the stabilizing member of the piston assembly 5a arranged on the opposite surfaces of the tracks 11a and 11b. An additional oil feeding device (not shown) is attached to the opposite surfaces of the positioning members 32 and 33 to lubricate the edge surface 14b of the second track portion 11b.

As shown in FIG. 5a, the central axis of the piston does not pass through the axis of rotation of the tracks 11a and 11b. The axis of rotation of the truck is offset by an angle α4 with respect to the axis of the piston. When the piston is in the center of the stroke, the angle α4 on the axis of rotation of the first roller 18 is about 15 °. Therefore, the piston head 7 does not follow pure radial movement with respect to tracks 11a and 11b. By shifting the piston from the truck in this way, the efficiency with which the power from the piston to the truck and / or the power in the opposite direction is transmitted can be maximized. In addition, the shape of the truck may be optimized in order to avoid a collision (foul) between the truck and the piston.

During the operation of the engine, the first roller 18 is supported by the outer cam surfaces 12a and 12b of the trucks 11a and 11b, and rotates together with the cam surfaces 12a and 12b. The second roller 20 is supported by the cam surfaces 13a and 13b inside the tracks 11a and 11b, and rotates together with the cam surfaces 13a and 13b. When the trucks 11a and 11b rotate inside the engine, the piston head 7 moves inside the cylinder sleeve 8 according to the shape of the passage of the truck. At some point in the operating cycle (eg, during the intake stroke, compression stroke, and exhaust stroke), the piston is driven by the truck. At some point in the motion cycle (eg, during a power stroke), the truck is driven by a piston so that work is taken from the output shaft 9. The shape of the track path may be any predetermined shape. For this reason, unlike most conventional internal combustion engines, the piston does not need to be constrained to follow a simple harmonic motion (simple vibration). The piston can have the desired displacement profile. As an example, the displacement profile may include (i) the positions of multiple different local top dead centers at different heights and / or (ii) the positions of multiple different bottom dead centers at different heights. .. As shown in Figure 3, the piston completes 6 strokes per rotation of the output shaft (including intake stroke, compression stroke, power stroke, and exhaust stroke plus steam cycle), and the piston has different heights. In, tracks 11a and 11b are formed so as to pass through different top dead center positions and bottom dead center positions.

As shown in FIG. 4, the second piston device 5b includes a piston connected to the same trucks 11a and 11b as the first piston device 5a by the same bearing arrangement. The pistons of the first piston device 5a and the second piston device 5b are operated 180 ° out of phase with each other. The third piston device 5c and the fourth piston device 5d each include a piston connected to a similar truck having two track portions 11c and 11d. The track portions 11c and 11d are attached to the output shaft 9 so that they cannot rotate. The timing of the piston devices 5a, 5b, 5c, and 5d is set to substantially cancel the engine vibration. In an alternative embodiment, the engine may include any number of trucks (eg: 1, 2, 3, or more than 3) and any number operated by each track (eg: 1, 2, 3, or more). It may have 1, 2, 3, or more than 3) piston devices.

In the above embodiment, the truck includes a first track section 11a and a second track section 11b. The first track portion 11a and the second track portion 11b provide an upper cam surface and a lower cam surface, respectively. The pistons are (i) under the first roller 18 that engages the upper surface of both the first and second tracks, and (ii) under both the first and second tracks. It has a second roller 20 that engages the side surface and (iii) a stabilizing member that extends between the first track and the second track (see Figure 10a). However, if you are a person skilled in the art, other truck / roller arrangements (eg) It can be seen that the arrangement shown in Figures 10b to 10d) is possible. For example, the first roller and the second roller may each be replaced by two separate rollers. In this case, (i) the first roller 1018a and the second roller 1020a engage the upper and lower surfaces of the first track portion 1011a, respectively, and (ii) the third roller 1018b and the fourth roller 1020b, respectively. Engaging on the upper and lower surfaces of the second track section 1011b, (iii) the stabilizing member 1015 extends between the first track section and the second track section (see Figure 10b). The rollers 1018a, 1018b, 1020a, and 1020b may extend into the body of the piston head and / or the body of the stabilizing member, respectively. Alternatively, the rollers 1018a, 1018b, 1020a, and 1020b are located outside the body of the piston head and / or inside the body of the stabilizer, respectively, and the rollers 1018a, 1018b, 1020a, and 1020b are curved bearings, respectively. It may be constrained between the surface and the track. In an alternative example, the first roller 2018 extends between two parallel stabilizers 2015a and 2015b and engages the upper surface of a single track section 2011. On the other hand, a further pair of rollers 2020a and 2020b engages with the corresponding pair of lower cam surfaces provided on the same track section (Fig. 10c). In a further alternative example, only one track portion 3011 may be provided on one side of the stabilizing member 3015. The first roller 3018 and the second roller 3020 then engage the upper and lower cam surfaces of the track 3011, respectively (see Figure 10d). In this case, the positioning member may engage the surface of the stabilizing member facing away from the track 3011 to stabilize the piston. You may be kicked. The first roller 3018 and the second roller 3020 then engage the upper and lower cam surfaces of the track 3011, respectively (see Figure 10d). In this case, the positioning member may engage the surface of the stabilizing member facing away from the track 3011 to stabilize the piston. You may be kicked. The first roller 3018 and the second roller 3020 then engage the upper and lower cam surfaces of the track 3011, respectively (see Figure 10d). In this case, the positioning member may engage the surface of the stabilizing member facing away from the track 3011 to stabilize the piston.

In the embodiments described above, the track comprises a rigid track portion that provides a continuous annular cam surface. In an alternative embodiment, the track may include at least one moving part. The moving portion forms part of the cam surface and moves relative to the rest of the track. For example, FIG. 11 shows track 100. The truck 100 has bearings or rollers 101 attached to the truck 100. The roller has a radial outer surface 102. The surface forms part of the cam surface 103 of the truck. The roller 101 is located at the maximum position of the truck. The position corresponds to the position of the top dead center of the piston operated by the truck 100. The piston has a follower that travels along the cam surface 103. As the follower moves over the top of the radial outer surface 102 of the roller 101, the roller 101 rotates in the direction of movement of the piston with respect to the track. This can prevent or reduce slippage between the follower and the cam surface 103. The roller 101 may be rotatable over 360 ° or may be limited to a smaller angle of rotation. The rollers may be passively driven by the movement of a follower above the rollers, or may be actively driven, for example, by a motor.

In the embodiments described above, the track is a radial track that controls the position of the piston by a radial inner surface and a radial outer surface. In an alternative embodiment, the piston 207 may be connected to the annular track 211a, 211b by a cam surface 212a, 212b, 213a, 213b. For example, as shown in FIG. 12, the cam surfaces 212a, 212b, 213a, and 213b are oriented in a direction parallel to the rotation axis 209a of the truck. FIG. 12 shows an annular track with a first track 211a and a second track 211b. The first track 211a and the second track 211b have edge surfaces 214a and 214b, respectively. The edge surfaces 214a and 214b engage with the facing surface of the stabilizing member of the piston 207. The track portions 211a and 211b are arranged concentrically. As a result, as shown in FIG. 13a, an annular gap is formed between the edge surface 214a of the inner track portion and the edge surface 214b of the outer track portion when viewed from the direction of the rotation axis 209a. Will be done. As shown in FIG. 13b, the stabilizing member 215 of the piston 207 has a curved shape when viewed from a direction parallel to the axis of rotation. This shape corresponds to the shape of the annular gap formed between the edge surfaces 214a and 214b (note that in FIG. 13b, the radius of curvature and thickness of the stabilizing member are emphasized for illustrative purposes. ing).

As an example, in order to maximize the efficiency of power transmission from the piston to the truck and in the opposite direction, the central axis of the piston may be offset with respect to the axis of rotation of the truck (eg, FIG. 12). In, if the axis of rotation of the truck is present in the paper, the central axis of the piston is angled to face out of the paper).

As shown in FIG. 14, when the track is annular, the surfaces of the rollers 218 and 220 may each have a tapered shape. As a result, the innermost ends 218a / 220a of the rollers with respect to the rotation axis of the truck have a smaller diameter than the outermost ends 218a / 220a. Therefore, the outermost end of the roller has a larger outer circumference than the innermost end, and travels a longer distance with each rotation of the roller. As described above, the tapered roller can make the length of the path different between the innermost part in the radial direction of the track and the outermost part in the radial direction of the cam surface of the track.

In the above-described embodiment, the stabilizing member is directly attached to the piston head, and the first roller is supported on the lower surface of the piston head. In an alternative embodiment, the stabilizing member may be connected to the piston head via an intermediate member such as a connecting rod. The member may be fixedly attached to the piston head and the stabilizing member. Alternatively, the member may be attached to the piston head and stabilizing member so that it is rotatable.

In the embodiments described above, the rollers are attached to the piston on a curved bearing surface. The bearing surface is engaged with the radial outer surface of the roller and extends a certain distance in the direction around the outer circumference of the roller. For example, in other additional (or alternative) embodiments, as shown in FIG. 15a, the roller 318a is attached to the piston 307 at a curved bearing surface that engages the radial inner surface of the roller. You may be. In the alternative embodiment shown in FIGS. 15a and 15b, the first roller 318a is attached to the piston 307 via a curved bearing surface provided on the shoe 319a. The shoe 319a extends outward from the piston stabilizing member 315 into the interior of the hollow center of the roller 318a and engages the radial inner surface of the roller. Further, the first roller 318a is attached to the piston 307 via a curved bearing surface provided on the lower surface of the piston head. The bearing surface engages the radial outer surface of the roller. The roller 318a transfers the load between the piston 307 and the track section through both curved bearing surfaces. As shown in FIG. 15a, the shoe 319a is offset to one side of the piston 307. As a result, the center of the contact surface between the roller and the shoe is aligned in the direction in which the load is maximized. As shown in FIG. 15b, the roller 318a has a flange extending radially inwardly located opposite the shoe 319a to hold the roller axially on the shoe. The shoe may supply oil from an oil pickup located on the contact surface of the stabilizing member to the radial inner surface of the roller. A similar roller arrangement is provided on the opposite side of the stabilizing member. On the opposite side, a roller 318b is attached to the shoe 319b, which runs on the track section 311b. Also, in order to move the piston 307 in the opposite direction, Similar roller arrangements 320a / 321a and 320b / 321b are provided on the opposite side. In other embodiments, the rollers may engage the piston only through the radial inner surface. As a result, the roller is attached only to the shoe, and the roller transmits the load between the piston and the track only through the shoe.

The engine is assembled by the following process. The method described below does not include all the steps required to assemble all the components that form part of the engine. The method has been simplified to the main steps for assembling the power transmission mechanism and casing for clarity.

a) The bearing A is press-fitted into the inside of the storage portion formed in the casing member 4b. Then, the shaft 9 is inserted into a hole formed so as to penetrate the casing member 4b (FIGS. 16a and 16b).

b) Attach the track portion 11b to the shaft 9 and engage the track portion 11b with the bearing A (Fig. 16c).

c) The piston 80 is connected to the track portion 11b by engaging the outer surface 12b with the upper roller 18 and the inner surface 13b with the lower roller 20. Then, the piston head is attached to the cylinder sleeve 8 (FIGS. 16d and 16e). Similarly, the piston on the opposite side of the second piston device is connected to the track portion 11b.

d) Attach the positioning members 32 and 33 to the casing member 4b (Fig. 16f). An oil feeding device is arranged in each of the slots of the positioning members 32 and 33 (one of the slots on each surface of each stabilizing member).

e) Attach the spacer member S to the shaft 9 (shown in the vicinity of the track portion 11b in FIG. 6b). Then, the track portion 11a is attached to the shaft, and the track portion 11a is engaged with the spacer member (FIG. 16 g).

f) Bearing B (shown below the track portion 12a in FIG. 4) is press-fitted into the casing member 4c. Then, the casing member 4c is attached to the shaft 9, and the bearing B is engaged with the track portion 11a (FIG. 16h) g) The same process as above is performed, and the piston assemblies 5c and 5d are connected to the shaft 9. Then, the casing member 4a is arranged (FIG. 16i).

h) The casing members 4a, 4b, and 4c are integrally attached by fasteners that extend through the casing (Fig. 16j).

The casing member 4b located between the tracks 11a and 11b and the tracks 1c and 11d is arranged around the shaft 9 before each track and the piston of each track are connected to the shaft. The casing members 4b and 4c are integrated after the piston assemblies 5a and 5b are connected to the shaft 9. Then, the casing members 4a and 4b are integrated after the piston assemblies 5c and 5d are connected to the shaft 9.

In the above, the present invention has been described with reference to one or more suitable embodiments. However, it will be understood that various changes or amendments may be made as long as they do not deviate from the scope of the invention specified in the appended claims.

<figref num="1">It is a figure which shows the engine.</figref><figref num="2">It is a figure which shows the engine in the state which various parts were omitted.</figref><figref num="3">It is a figure which shows the end view of the engine in the state which the casing is omitted.</figref><figref num="4">It is a figure which shows the top view of the engine in the state which the casing is omitted.</figref><figref num="5a">It is a figure which shows the power transmission mechanism with respect to one of the pistons of an engine in a state where a predetermined member is omitted.</figref><figref num="5b">It is a figure which shows the power transmission mechanism with respect to one of the pistons of an engine in a state where a predetermined member is omitted.</figref><figref num="6a">It is a figure which shows the power transmission mechanism with respect to one of the pistons of an engine in a state where a predetermined member is omitted.</figref><figref num="6b">It is a figure which shows the power transmission mechanism with respect to one of the pistons of an engine in a state where a predetermined member is omitted.</figref><figref num="7a">It is a figure which shows the piston of an engine.</figref><figref num="7b">It is a figure which shows the piston of an engine.</figref><figref num="7c">It is a figure which shows the piston of an engine.</figref><figref num="7d">It is a figure which shows the piston of an engine.</figref><figref num="7e">It is a figure which shows the piston of an engine.</figref><figref num="8">It is a figure which shows the cross section of the power transmission mechanism with respect to one of the pistons of an engine.</figref><figref num="9a">It is a figure which shows two of the pistons of an engine, and a positioning member used for stabilizing the pistons.</figref><figref num="9b">It is a figure which shows the oil feeding mechanism.</figref><figref num="10a">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of various alternative bearings.</figref><figref num="10b">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of various alternative bearings.</figref><figref num="10c">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of various alternative bearings.</figref><figref num="10d">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of various alternative bearings.</figref><figref num="11">Shows alternative trucks that can be used in the engine.</figref><figref num="12">It is a figure which shows the layout of an alternative track.</figref><figref num="13a">It is a figure which shows the layout of an alternative track.</figref><figref num="13b">It is a figure which shows the layout of an alternative track.</figref><figref num="14">It is a figure which shows the layout of an alternative track.</figref><figref num="15a">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of the alternative bearing.</figref><figref num="15b">It is a figure which shows the arrangement of the alternative bearing.</figref><figref num="16a">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16b">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16c">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16d">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16e">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16f">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16g">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16h">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16i">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref><figref num="16j">It is a figure which shows the various stages of an engine at the time of assembly.</figref>