Capacitively coupled composite loop antenna

0001Cross-reference to related applications This application claims the benefits of U.S. Provisional Application No. 61 / 556,145, filed November 4, 2011, under US Patent Law (e), the contents of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entirety. Incorporated in.

0002Technical field Embodiments relate to composite loop antennas (CPLs), and in particular CPL antennas that include capacitively fed magnetic loops and / or capacitively fed electric field radiators and / or directly fed electric field radiators.

0003The ever-decreasing size of modern telecommunications equipment creates a need for improved antenna design. Known antennas in devices such as mobile / mobile phones offer one of the main limitations in performance and almost always compromise in either way.

0004The efficiency of the antenna can have a major impact on the performance of the device in particular. A more efficient antenna will radiate a high proportion of the energy supplied by the transmitter. Similarly, due to the unique interaction of the antennas, more efficient antennas will convert more received signals into electrical energy for processing by the receiver.

0005Both impedances match each other in magnitude to ensure maximum transfer of energy (in both transmit and receive modes) between the transceiver (a device that acts as both a transmitter and a receiver) and the antenna. Should be done. Any erroneous combination between the two results in sub-optimal performance, and when transmitting, energy is reflected back from the antenna to the transmitter. When operating as a receiver, antenna suboptimal performance results in lower received power than is otherwise possible.

0006Known simple loop antennas are typically the devices currently supplied, which primarily generate the magnetic (H) field. As such, they are typically not suitable as transmitters. This is especially true for small loop antennas (ie, having a diameter smaller or less than one wavelength). In contrast, voltage-supplied antennas such as dipoles generate both electrical (E) and H-fields and can be used in both transmit and receive modes.

0007The amount of energy received or transmitted by the loop antenna is, in part, measured by that region. Typically, each time the loop area is halved, the amount of energy that can be received / transmitted is reduced by approximately 3 dB, depending on application parameters such as initial size and frequency. This physical constraint tends to mean that very small loop antennas cannot be used in practice.

0008Composite antennas have higher performance advantages such as higher bandwidth (lower Q), higher line strength / capability / gain, and higher efficiency in transverse magnetic (TM) and transverse electrical (TE) modes. It is the one that is launched to achieve.

0009In the late 1940s, Wheeler and Chu first tested the properties of electrically short (ELS) antennas. Through their actions, various equations were created to describe the limitations of the antenna, which reduces its physical size. One of the limitations of ELS antennas mentioned by Wheeler and Chu is of particular importance and has a large radiation quality in that it stores time-averaged energy rather than radiating. It has factor) Q. According to Wheeler and Chu, ELS antennas have a high radiation Q, resulting in the smallest resistance loss of the antenna or matching network, typically with very low radiation efficiency between 1-50%. Connect. As a result, it has been generally accepted by the scientific community that ELS antennas have narrow bandwidth and poor radiation efficiency since the 1940s. Much of the modern work in wireless communication systems that utilize ELS antennas has occurred from the precise experimentation and optimization of modulation schemes, and over air protocols, but today the commercially used ELS antennas are with Wheeler. It still reflects the narrow bandwidth and low efficiency that Chu first established.

0010In the early 1990s, Dale M. Grimes and Craig A. Grimes mathematically found TM and TE modes working together in ELS antennas that exceed the low emissivity Q limit established by Wheeler and Chu's theory. Claimed to have a combination of. Grimes and Grimes describe their work in a journal entitled "Bandwidth and Q of Antennas Radiating TE and TM Modes" published in an IEEE transaction of the Electromagnetic Compatibility Subcommittee in May 1995. These demands sparked a lot of debate, and when either TM mode or TE mode was activated alone, both TM mode and TE mode were activated as opposed to a "single field antenna". It led to the term "composite field antenna". The advantage of the compound area antenna is "US Mathematically proven by several reputable RF experts, including a group hired by the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, they are evidence of a Radiation Q below the Wheeler-Chu limit, ie increased Radiation Intensity, Orientation. We conclude the properties (gain), the power radiated, and the efficiency radiated (PL Overfelft, DR Bowling, DJ White, "Colocated Magnetic Loop, Electric Dipole Array Antenna (Preliminary Results)" Interim rept., September 1994).

0011Composite field antennas are complex and difficult to physically implement due to the undesired effects of element connectivity and the associated difficulties in designing low-loss passive networks to combine electric and magnetic radiators. I found out.

0012There are many examples of two-dimensional non-composite antennas, but they generally consist of printed strips of metal on the circuit board. However, these antennas are voltage-supplied. An example of such an antenna is a planar inverted-F antenna (PIFA). The majority of similar antenna designs also consist primarily of 1/4 wavelengths (or some multiples of 1/4 wavelengths), voltage supplies, and dipole antennas.

0013Planar antennas are also known in the art. For example, Patent Document 1 issued to Zahn et al. Requires an expensive Teflon® substrate or similar material for the antenna to operate. Patent Document 2 issued to Shiga teaches a planar antenna that can receive but does not transmit microwave signals. Shiga's antennas also require expensive semiconductor substrates. Patent Document 3 issued to Nalbandian relates to a planar antenna, requires a substrate having a dielectric constant for a magnetic permeability of 1: 3 to 1: 1, and has a frequency range of HF and VHF (3 to 30 MHz and 30). It can only operate at ~ 300MHz). It is known to print some low frequency devices on an inexpensive glass reinforced epoxy laminate such as FR-4, but it is commonly used for ordinary printed circuit boards and FR-4. The dielectric loss in is considered to be too high and the permittivity is not considered to be tightly controlled enough for such substrates to be used at microwave frequencies. For these reasons, alumina substrates are more commonly used. In addition, none of these planar antennas are compound loop antennas.

0014The basis for the increased performance of the composite field antenna comes from the effect of energy stored in the near region of the antenna, due to bandwidth, efficiency, gain and radiation intensity. In RF antenna design, it is desirable to transfer as much energy as possible to the antenna during the radiated power. The energy stored in the area near the antenna has historically been called reactive power and serves to limit the amount of power that can be radiated. When discussing combined power, there is a real part and a virtual part (often referred to as "invalid"). Real power leaves the source and does not return, while imaginary or unpowered power tends to swing with respect to a fixed position (within half a wavelength) of the source and interacts with the source, thereby the antenna. Affects the operation of. The presence of real power from multiple sources is directly additive, while multiple sources of virtual power can be additional or negative (cancellation). The benefits of compound antennas are both TM sources (electric dipoles) and TE sources (magnetic dipoles) that allow engineers to create designs that take advantage of previously unavailable invalid power cancellation in simple field antennas. Driven by, it improves the real power transmission quality of the antenna.

0015The electric and magnetic fields need to operate at right angles to each other in order to be able to cancel the reactive power in the composite antenna. Many configurations of electric field radiators required to generate a magnetic field, and many configurations of magnetic loops required to generate a magnetic field have been proposed, but all such designs must be in 3D antennas. It has been resolved without exception. For example, Patent Document 4 issued to McKLean requires a set of magnetic loops in a plane parallel to an electric dipole on a third parallel plane arranged between the set of magnetic loops. Patent Document 5 published by Grimes et al. Requires two sets of magnetic loops and electric dipoles to be physically aligned at right angles to each other. Patent Document 6 filed by McKLean teaches an arrangement in which a magnetic dipole and an electric dipole are still in orthogonal planes.

0016Commonly owned Patent Document 7 teaches a linearly polarized, multi-layered planar composite loop antenna. Commonly owned Patent Document 8 teaches a linearly polarized, one-sided composite loop antenna. Finally, commonly owned Patent Document 9 teaches a linearly polarized, self-sufficient composite loop antenna. These commonly owned patents and patent applications are physically arranged in two dimensions rather than requiring a three-dimensional array of magnetic loops and electric field radiators as in the antenna design by McLean and Grimes et al. It differs from previous antennas in that it is a composite loop antenna with one or more magnetic loops and one or more electric field radiators.

<p num="0017"><patcit num="1"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 5,061,938</text></patcit><patcit num="2"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 5,376,942</text></patcit><patcit num="3"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 6,677,901</text></patcit><patcit num="4"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 7,215,292</text></patcit><patcit num="5"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 6,437,750</text></patcit><patcit num="6"><text>U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2007/0080878</text></patcit><patcit num="7"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 8,144,065</text></patcit><patcit num="8"><text>U.S. Patent Application No. 12 / 878,018</text></patcit><patcit num="9"><text>U.S. Pat. No. 8,164,528</text></patcit></p>

0018The embodiments described herein consist of a CPL antenna that includes a capacitively coupled magnetic loop and / or a capacitively coupled electric field radiator. Embodiments include single band CPL antennas and multiband CPL antennas. The CPL antenna has been reduced in physical size by providing a capacitive loop and / or radiator. Embodiments include at least one capacitively coupled or non-capacitively coupled e-field heat dissipation element and at least one capacitively coupled magnetic loop element. The continuity of the magnetic loop can be sustained by either a wire (3D) or a connection to a second layer (2D).

0019<figref num="1">FIG. 1 shows a front view of an embodiment of an antenna with a capacitively fed magnetic loop and a capacitively fed electric field radiator.</figref><figref num="2">FIG. 2 shows a rear view of the embodiment of FIG.</figref><figref num="3">FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the embodiments of FIGS. 1 and 2.</figref><figref num="4">FIG. 4 shows an embodiment of an antenna having a supply point and a ground connection.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 shows a front view of an embodiment of a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz multiband CPL antenna.</figref><figref num="6">FIG. 6 shows a rear view of the embodiment of FIG.</figref><figref num="7">FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the embodiments of FIGS. 5 and 6.</figref><figref num="8">FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection attenuation for the 2.4 / 5.8 GHz band of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5-7.</figref><figref num="9">FIG. 9 shows a front view of an embodiment of a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz multiband antenna.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 10 shows a rear view of the embodiment of FIG.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 10.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 12 shows a front view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna having a capacitively coupled magnetic loop.</figref><figref num="13">FIG. 13 shows a rear view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops.</figref><figref num="14">FIG. 14 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna having a capacitively coupled magnetic loop.</figref><figref num="15">FIG. 15 shows the supply point and ground connection of the embodiment of Figure 12-14 when connected to a load.</figref><figref num="16">FIG. 16 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection attenuation for the embodiment shown in FIGS. 12-15.</figref><figref num="17">FIG. 17 shows a front view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna having capacitively coupled magnetic loops and cut loop wires to achieve loops.</figref><figref num="18">FIG. 18 shows a rear view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops and cut loop wires that achieve loops.</figref><figref num="19">FIG. 19 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops and cut loop wires that achieve a loop.</figref><figref num="20">FIG. 20 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection attenuation for the embodiment shown in FIG. 17-19.</figref><figref num="21">FIG. 21 shows a front view of an embodiment of a bilateral multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops with loops achieved on top of the second layer.</figref><figref num="22">FIG. 22 shows a rear view of an embodiment of a bilateral multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops with loops achieved on top of the second layer.</figref><figref num="23">FIG. 23 shows a perspective view of an embodiment of a bilateral multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops with loops achieved on top of the second layer.</figref><figref num="24">FIG. 24 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection attenuation for the embodiment shown in FIG. 21-23.</figref><figref num="25">FIG. 25 shows further details of the embodiment shown in FIG.</figref>

0020Composite loop antennas can operate in both transmit and receive modes, thereby allowing greater performance than known loop antennas. The two main components of a composite loop (CPL) antenna are a magnetic loop that produces a magnetic field (H field) and an electric field radiator that radiates an electric field (E field). The H and E fields must be orthogonal to each other to allow the electromagnetic waves radiated by the antenna to spread efficiently at intervals. To achieve this effect, the electric field radiator is located at an electrical position of approximately 90 degrees, or an electrical position of approximately 270 degrees, along the magnetic loop. Orthogonality between the H and E fields can also be achieved by locating the electric field radiator at a point along the magnetic loop where the current flowing through the magnetic loop is minimally reflected. The point along the magnetic loop of the CPL antenna with the smallest current reflection depends on the geometric arrangement of the magnetic loop. For example, the point at which the current is minimally reflected can first be identified as the first region of the magnetic loop. After adding or removing metal to the magnetic loop to achieve impedance matching, the minimum point at which the current reflects can change from the first region to the second region.

0021The embodiments described herein consist of a CPL antenna that includes a capacitively fed magnetic loop and / or a capacitively fed electric field radiator. The embodiments described herein will be described for a single band 2.4 GHz CPL antenna and a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz multiband CPL antenna. However, it should be understood that the principles described herein can be applied to make single-band and multi-band antennas in other frequency bands. These CPL antennas have been reduced in physical size by providing a capacitive loop and / or radiator. The basic characteristics of such an antenna embodiment are that at least one e-field heat dissipation element is capacitively coupled or not capacitively coupled, and that at least one magnetic loop element is capacitively coupled. , And the antenna maintains high performance. In addition, the continuity of the magnetic loop can be sustained by either a wire (3D) or a connection to a second layer (2D).

0022FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a 2.4 GHz antenna with a capacitively fed magnetic loop and a capacitively fed electric field radiator. FIG. 1 shows a front view of the antenna, FIG. 2 shows a rear view of the antenna, and FIG. 3 shows a perspective view of the antenna. The element C may be approximately 0.25 mm and is a capacitive gap that capacitively supplies the rest of the magnetic loop to the lower left portion of the magnetic loop. The smaller the dimension of the capacitive gap, the lower the frequency that the magnetic loop brings. If the capacitive gap is too large, the capacitive coupling will begin to fail and the antenna resonance will disappear. The position of the capacitive gap C affects impedance matching by moving it vertically along the left side of the magnetic loop. Therefore, moving the capacitive gap C up and down can be used to adjust the antenna impedance.

0023Element D, which is also approximately 0.25 mm, is a capacitive gap for the electric field radiator. As shown in Figure 1-3, the electric field radiator is a larger rectangular element (10) inside the magnetic loop and to the right of the capacitive gap D. To the left of the capacitive gap D is a nearly rectangular radiator feed (12). The radiator feed can be coupled to the magnetic loop via the trace element (14). The electric field radiator can be coupled to a magnetic loop via a trace F on the backplane of the antenna, as illustrated and further described with respect to FIG. The capacitive gap D for the electric field radiator does not have to be very large, otherwise the capacitance coupling of the electric field radiator will begin to be insufficient and the resonance will disappear. The location of the capacitive gap D for the electric field radiator also affects impedance matching and can be moved horizontally (left and right) to adjust the antenna impedance.

0024The notch on the magnetic loop forming the capacitive gap C can result in the monopole resonance generated on the lower left portion of the magnetic loop, as shown by element G. The monopole resonance can be adjusted by adjusting the position of the capacitive gap C and by adjusting the length of the monopole resonance element G. The monopole resonance G can also be tuned to turn the antenna design into a multiband antenna.

0025The element E pointing to the right side of the magnetic loop can be made thinner than the rest of the magnetic loop to match the capacitive reactance in the capacitive gap C (inductive reactance). While FIG. 1 shows an antenna with a capacitive gap C and a wide portion of the magnetic loop on the left side of the magnetic loop, embodiments include a capacitive gap C and a wide portion of the magnetic loop on the right side of the magnetic loop, as well as a magnetic loop. It can consist of an antenna with a thinner portion E of the magnetic loop on the left side.

0026The inductance and capacitance of the magnetic loop can be adjusted by adjusting the width of various parts of the magnetic loop. For example, the width of the top of the magnetic loop can be increased or decreased to adjust its inductance and reactance. Changes to the geometric features of the magnetic loop can also be made to adjust the antenna performance. For example, the corners of a nearly rectangular magnetic loop can be cut at an angle such as 45 degrees.

0027FIG. 2 shows a rear view of the antenna of FIG. As mentioned above, element F shows a trace on the bottom layer of the antenna and connects the electric field radiator to the magnetic loop. Traces can also be placed on top to create a single layer antenna design. The perspective view of FIG. 3 shows that the trace F is placed on the bottom layer and the trace F can connect the magnetic loop directly to the capacitively coupled electric field radiator.

0028FIG. 4 shows an antenna with supply point A and ground connection B. While the embodiments described herein show that the antenna has a supply point at the left endpoint of the magnetic loop and a ground connection at the right endpoint of the magnetic loop, an alternative embodiment is a magnetic loop. It may contain an antenna with a supply point at the right end of the and a ground connection at the left end of the magnetic loop.

0029The 2.4 GHz antenna embodiment of Figure 1-4 includes a capacitively fed magnetic loop and a capacitively fed electric field radiator. However, it is not necessary to supply the electric field radiator capacitively. Alternatively, the embodiment may consist of an electric field radiator that is not capacitively supplied but is coupled directly to the magnetic loop or to the magnetic loop via a trace. The antenna may also contain more than one electric field radiator inside the magnetic loop. If more than one electric field radiator is included, the first electric field radiator is capacitively supplied, while the second electric field radiator is not capacitively supplied. Alternatively, all radiators are capacitively fed, coupled directly to the magnetic loop, coupled to the magnetic loop via a trace, or any combination thereof.

0030As compared to a simple loop antenna, the embodiments described herein are composite field antennas that are easy to tune, fill gaps in the radiation pattern from the magnetic loop, increase efficiency, and increase bandwidth. It has the advantage of an antenna design that increases and has a small physical size. Compared to monopoles, the embodiments described herein are composite field antennas and may have the advantage of being an antenna design that is stable, has increased efficiency, and has increased bandwidth.

0031The electric field radiator is a return (or via the first and second segments) of the trace, antenna (or via the first and second segments) connected to the first and second segments (radiator supply), separated by a capacitively coupled gap. It can be considered as a shortened magnetic loop with a second segment and a magnetic loop connected via return). The return increases the electrical length of the radiator.

0032At a frequency of 2.4 GHz, the capacitively supplied electric field radiator and the capacitively coupled magnetic loop radiate in phase with each other. In particular, the electric field radiator and some of the magnetic loops adjacent to the capacitive gap C radiate in phase with each other at 2.4 GHz. The 2.4 GHz band farfield plot for the antenna shown in Figure 1-4 shows that the antenna's farfield pattern is omnidirectional, similar to the dipole pattern.

0033In one embodiment, the composite loop antenna comprises a magnetic loop that is placed on a first plane and produces a magnetic field, the magnetic loop comprising a downstream portion and an upstream portion, the downstream portion being downstream of the magnetic loop. Separated from the upstream portion by a capacitive gap that supplies the portion capacitively, where the magnetic loop has a first inductive reactance that adds to the total inductive reactance of the antenna, and the capacitive gap provides the first capacitive reactance. Add to the total reactance of the antenna. The composite loop antenna further includes an electric field radiator placed on the first plane, the reactance radiator being configured to radiate an electric field coupled to the magnetic loop and orthogonal to the magnetic field, where the reactance radiators are summed up. The physical arrangement between the electric field radiator and the magnetic loop results in a third capacitive reactance that adds to the total reactance, and the total inductive reactance is the sum of the capacitive reactances. Substantially match.

0034In an embodiment, the antenna further comprises a radiator supply coupled to a magnetic loop, where the electric field radiator is located next to the radiator supply and the electric field radiator is a second capacitive gap that capacitively supplies the electric field radiator. Separated from the radiator supply by, the second capacitive gap has a fourth capacitive reactance in addition to the total capacitive reactance. In embodiments, the antenna may further include an electrical trace that couples the radiator supply to the magnetic loop. In an embodiment, the electrical trace couples the radiator supply and the magnetic loop at a connection point, from the drive point of the magnetic loop, or the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is minimally reflected. Includes electrical angular positions of approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees. In embodiments, the radiator feed can be coupled directly to the magnetic loop.

0035In embodiments, the antenna may further include an electrical trace that couples an electric field radiator into a magnetic loop. In an embodiment, the electrical trace couples the electric field radiator and the magnetic loop at a connection point, from the drive point of the magnetic loop, or the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is minimally reflected. Includes electrical angular positions of approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees. In embodiments, the electrical trace may be placed in a second plane below the first plane.

0036In an embodiment, the electric field radiator is coupled to a magnetic loop at a connection point, which is approximately 90 degrees from the drive point of the magnetic loop and the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is reflected. Or it includes an electrical angle position of approximately 270 degrees. In embodiments, the first width of the first portion of the magnetic loop may be longer or shorter than the second width of the second portion of the magnetic loop. In embodiments, adjusting the position of the capacitive gap along the magnetic loop can adjust the impedance of the antenna.

0037The embodiment can be oriented to a composite loop antenna that results in at least dual band resonance. Embodiments herein may be described with respect to a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz antenna covering WiFi frequencies. The embodiments can also be used in multi-input multi-output (MIMO) applications. At least three configurations will be described: (1) a first configuration consisting of a magnetic loop and a CPL antenna with an electric field radiator capacitively supplied inside the magnetic loop, (2) a magnetic loop and magnetic. A second configuration consisting of a CPL antenna with a capacitively supplied electric field radiator outside the loop; and (3) creating a capacitively supplied magnetic loop and a second e-field. A third configuration consisting of a CPL antenna with an electric field radiator connected inside the magnetic loop that couples with the magnetic loop.

0038FIG. 5 shows a front view of an embodiment of a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz multiband CPL antenna. FIG. 6 shows a rear view of the antenna, and FIG. 7 shows a perspective view of the antenna. The antenna includes a capacitively supplied electric field radiator located inside a continuous magnetic loop. The electric field radiator is a larger rectangular element located inside the magnetic loop, and the radiator supply is a smaller rectangular element located inside the magnetic loop. The radiator supply is coupled to the magnetic loop via a trace. The electric field radiator is separated from the radiator supply by a capacitive gap that capacitively supplies the electric field radiator. The electric field radiator is coupled to the magnetic loop via a trace on the back of the antenna as shown in FIG. The electric field radiator covers the 2.4 GHz band, as shown by the dotted line (16), and the lower right part of the magnetic loop covers the 5.8 GHz band, as shown by the dashed line (18). In particular, the lower right part and the right side of the magnetic loop are radiating elements for the 5.8 GHz band.

0039As shown in FIG. 6, the induction trace (20) on the back of the antenna connects the capacitively supplied electric field radiator to the magnetic loop. The inductance of the inductive trace compensates for the capacitance created by the capacitive gap between the electric field radiator and the radiator supply. The capacitive gap acts as a path for current to flow to the ground. In embodiments, the inductive trace on the back of the antenna can also be placed on the anterior side of the antenna. Finally, while the antenna shown in Figure 5-7 comprises a continuous loop, an embodiment of a multiband antenna may consist of an antenna with a capacitively fed magnetic loop.

0040FIG. 8 shows a diagram of the amount of reflection attenuation for the 2.4 / 5.8 GHz band of the embodiment shown in FIG. 5-7. The diagram shows that it operates within the desired bands of 2.4 and 5.8 GHz, with minimal reflection attenuation in the approximately 2.5 GHz and 5.3512 GHz bands.

0041FIG. 9 shows a front view of an embodiment of a 2.4 / 5.8 GHz multiband antenna, in which the capacitively supplied electric field radiator (22) is located outside the magnetic loop (24). The electric field radiator covers the band, 2.4 GHz band as shown by the dotted line (26), and the magnetic loop and the lower right part of the radiator supply covers the 5.8 GHz band as shown by the dashed line (28). FIG. 10 shows a rear view of the embodiment of FIG. 9 and shows a return trace (30). FIG. 11 shows a perspective view of the embodiments of FIGS. 9 and 10.

0042In embodiments, a multi-band composite loop antenna may include: a magnetic loop that is placed in a first plane and creates a magnetic field, the magnetic loop being the first inductive reactor that adds to the total inductive reactor of the antenna. The first part of the magnetic loop is configured to radiate a first electric field perpendicular to the magnetic field in the first frequency band; it is placed on the first plane and through the first electric trace. A radiator supply coupled to a magnetic loop, the radiator supply configured to resonate in phase with the first portion of the magnetic loop in the first frequency band; and placed on a first plane. An electric field radiator, the electric field radiator is coupled to a magnetic loop via a second electrical trace located in a second plane below the first plane, and the electric field radiator is positioned adjacent to the radiator supply and has a capacitance. Separated from the radiator supply by a sex gap, the electric field radiator is configured to radiate a second electric field in the second frequency band and perpendicular to the magnetic field, where the electric field radiator adds a total capacitive reactor. Having a capacitive reactor, the physical arrangement between the electric field radiator and the magnetic loop results in a third capacitive reactor that adds the total capacitive reactor, and the total induced reactor is substantially consistent with the total capacitive reactor, the electric field. radiator.

0043In embodiments, the electric field radiator and radiator supply may be located inside the magnetic loop or outside the magnetic loop.

0044In an embodiment, the first electrical trace couples a magnetic loop at a connection point, which is approximately from the drive point of the magnetic loop, or the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is reflected. Includes an electrical angle position of 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees. In an embodiment, the second electrical trace couples the magnetic loop with and at the connection point, from the drive point of the magnetic loop, or the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is minimally reflected. Includes electrical angular positions of approximately 90 degrees or approximately 270 degrees.

0045In embodiments, the first width of the first portion of the magnetic loop may be longer or shorter than the second width of the second portion of the magnetic loop. In embodiments, adjusting the position of the capacitive gap can adjust the impedance of the antenna.

004612, 13 and 14, respectively, show a front view, a rear view, and a perspective view of an embodiment of a multi-band antenna having a capacitively coupled magnetic loop. This embodiment operates in the 2.4 / 5.8 GHz band and has a physical size of approximately 0.217 × 0.35 inch, further indicating the compact size of the antenna described herein. The long-distance pattern for this embodiment at 2.4 GHz indicates that the pattern is omnidirectional, such as a dipole pattern. In the e-field plot for this embodiment at 2.4 GHz, the first non-CPL e-field is generated by a loop and the second CPL e-field is a radiator and loop, as largely indicated by the dotted line (32). It is shown that it is caused by the combination of. In particular, the magnetic loop appears to be separated into upstream and downstream parts by a capacitive gap. The upstream portion capacitively supplies the downstream portion of the magnetic loop. The upstream part of the loop radiates the first e-field in the first frequency band. In combination with a portion of the upstream portion and a portion of the downstream portion, the electric field radiator coupled to the magnetic loop via an electrical trace radiates a second electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field in the second frequency band. Therefore, the electric field radiator resonates in phase with the upstream and downstream parts of the magnetic loop in the second frequency band. In addition, like such CPL antennas, the total inductive reactance of the antenna is substantially consistent with the total capacitive reactance of the antenna.

0047In the embodiment of Figure 12-14, the capacitive gap (34) is approximately 0.018 inch. The smaller this dimension, the lower the frequency of the loop. The capacitive gap (34) must not be too large (too far away), or the capacitive coupling begins to run short and the resonance can disappear. The vertical position of the capacitive gap affects the impedance matching of the antenna, so the vertical movement of the gap position can be used to adjust the antenna. The radiator (36) can also be used to adjust the antenna. The skinnier element (38) of the magnetic loop is formed thinner for inductive reactance and to match the capacitive reactance of the capacitive gap (34). The length of the magnetic loop and the first leg (40) of the magnetic loop act as a monopole for secondary resonance as shown in the reflection attenuation chart in Figure 16, which at approximately 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz. Indicates the amount of reflection attenuation minimized. FIG. 15 shows the supply point (42) and ground connection (44) of the embodiment when connected to a load.

0048Figures 17, 18, and 19 show front, back, and perspective views of embodiments of a multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops and cut loop wires that achieve loops, respectively. This embodiment operates in the same manner as the embodiment shown in Figure 12-15, operating in the 2.4 / 5.8 GHz band. This embodiment, however, has a physical size of approximately 0.195 x 0.359 inches and further illustrates the compact size of the CPL antennas described herein. As shown in FIG. 19, the supply point (50) and ground connection (52) can be connected to the load (not shown). The capacitive gap (54) is approximately 0.018 inch and can be a radiator (56), and a lean matching element (58). The loop length and the first leg (60) of the loop can act as a monopole for secondary resonance. A three-dimensional (3D) wire (62) can be used to achieve a loop while maintaining a smaller two-dimensional (2D) space on the printed circuit board (PCB) where the antenna is located. When the space is high, such as above the PCB of a smartphone or other mobile device, the 0.022 inch difference between embodiments in Figure 12-14 and embodiments in Figure 17-19 can be significant. A reflection attenuation chart for this embodiment is shown in FIG. 20, which shows the reflection attenuation minimized at approximately 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz.

0049Figures 21, 22, and 23 show front, back, and perspective views of an embodiment of a two-sided multiband CPL antenna with capacitively coupled magnetic loops, each with a loop achieved on top of the second layer. Shown. This embodiment operates in the 2.4 / 5.8 GHz band in the same way as the previous two embodiments, but with a physical size of approximately 0.17 x 0.359 inches, slightly more than the embodiment shown in Figure 17-19. Made thin. As shown in FIG. 25, the supply point (70) and ground connection (72) can be connected to the load (not shown). The capacitive gap (74) is approximately 0.022 inches and can be a radiator (76), and a lean matching element (78). The loop length and the first leg (80) of the loop can act as a monopole for secondary resonance. Extensions to layer 2 (82) can be used to achieve a loop while maintaining a smaller 2D space on the PCB where the antenna is located. The width and length of the extension (82) are also used to adjust the antenna, and if necessary, the physical shape may be meandered to add more inductance to the antenna. A reflection attenuation chart for this embodiment is shown in FIG. 24, which shows the reflection attenuation minimized at approximately 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz.

0050In embodiments, a multiband composite loop antenna may include: a magnetic loop that is placed on a first plane and produces a magnetic field, the magnetic loop containing a downstream portion and an upstream portion, said downstream. The portion is separated from the upstream portion by a capacitive gap that capacitively supplies the downstream portion of the magnetic loop, the upstream portion being configured to radiate a first electric field in the first frequency band and orthogonal to the magnetic field. The sex gap is a magnetic loop that adds the first capacitance reactor to the total capacitance reactor of the antenna; and an electric field radiator placed on the first plane, the electric field radiator entering the magnetic loop via an electrical trace. The electric field radiators coupled and coupled to the upstream and downstream parts of the magnetic loop are configured to radiate a second electric field orthogonal to the magnetic field in the second frequency band, and the electric field radiator is in the second frequency band of the magnetic loop. An electric field radiator that resonates in phase with the upstream and downstream parts and whose total induced reactorism of the antenna is substantially consistent with the total capacitive reactorance of the antenna.

0051In embodiments, the electric field radiator can be positioned inside a magnetic loop. In an embodiment, the electrical trace is coupled to a magnetic loop at a connection point, which is approximately 90 degrees from the drive point of the magnetic loop, or the minimum reflection point at which the current flowing through the magnetic loop is minimally reflected. Or it includes an electrical angle position of approximately 270 degrees. In embodiments, the first width of the first portion of the downstream portion of the magnetic loop is longer or shorter than the second width of the second portion of the downstream portion of the magnetic loop.

0052In embodiments, the capacitive gap adds the capacitive reactance to the total reactance of the antenna, and adjusting the position of the capacitive gap can adjust the impedance of the antenna.

0053In an embodiment, the downstream portion is a three-dimensional wire that is separated into a first portion on the first plane and a second portion on the first plane and extends away from the first plane that connects the first part to the second part. Alternatively, it includes a third part on a second plane that joins the first part to the second part. In embodiments, the width and length of the third portion can be used to adjust the antenna, and the physical shape of the third portion can be used to add inductance to the total inductive reactance of the antenna.

0054While the present disclosure presents and describes various embodiments, it should be understood that the techniques described herein may have many additional uses and applications. Therefore, the present invention should not be limited to the specific description and various drawings contained herein that merely indicate various embodiments and applications of the principles of such embodiments.