Valve replacement device, delivery device for the same, and manufacturing method of the same
Abstract
Problem to be solved.To provide an apparatus, a delivery apparatus and a manufacturing method for valve replacement. A device for heart valve replacement preferably comprises a valve component having at least two leaflets 31 consisting of pericardial tissue. Each valve leaflet contains at least two tabs 30. The device further comprises a stent component configured to be radially compressible into a compressed state and expandable into a functional state. The stent component includes a first end 26, a second end 27, and at least one intermediate portion 17 located between the first and second ends. The middle section has at least two commissural posts that are generally parallel to the axis extending from the first end to the second end. The commissural posts are formed in the shape of a wishbone. [Selection diagram] Fig. 1

Term
Projected expiry 27 April 2036.
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42 claims: 18 independent, 24 dependent
- 1経カテーテル埋込のための弁置換装置であって、 流入末端および流出末端を有するステント構成要素を備え、前記ステント構成要素は、埋込部位への送達のための圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと半径方向に拡張可能であり、前記弁置換装置はさらに、 前記ステント構成要素の内部に少なくとも部分的に装着された弁尖と、 前記弁尖に取付けられる内側スカートとを備え、前記内側スカートは、前記流入末端に向かって前記ステント構成要素の内部に少なくとも部分的に延在し、前記弁置換装置はさらに、 前記ステント構成要素の外部に少なくとも部分的に延在する外側スカートを備え、前記外側スカートは、前記流入末端に向かって前記内側スカートよりもさらに延在する、弁置換装置。
- 2前記内側スカートおよび前記外側スカートは、軸方向において互いに部分的に重畳する、請求項1に記載の装置。
- 3前記内側スカートは、前記ステント構成要素の前記流出末端に向かって前記外側スカートよりもさらに延在する、請求項1または2に記載の装置。
- 4前記ステント構成要素の口は、少なくとも一列のセルの格子構造によって規定されるジグザグ形状を有し、前記ジグザグ形状は、前記流入末端における自由頂部と、隣接したセルに接続する接続頂部との交互の配列によって規定され、前記内側スカートは、前記接続頂部の少なくともいくつかに対応するレベルまでしか延在せず、前記外側スカートは、前記自由頂部の少なくともいくつかに対応するレベルまで延在する、請求項1,2または3に記載の装置。
- 5前記ステント構成要素の前記口における前記列のセルは、前記列の隣接したセルの前記自由頂部を越えて延在し、かつ前記外側スカートによって覆われていない、露出した自由頂部を有する、少なくとも第1のセルおよび第2のセルを含み、露出した前記自由頂部は、前記弁置換装置を埋込部位まで送達するための送達装置のステントホルダに係合する取付要素を提供する、請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 6経カテーテル埋込のための弁置換装置であって、 第1の端と、第2の端と、前記第1の端と前記第2の端との間に配置された少なくとも1つの中間部とを含むステント構成要素を備え、前記ステント構成要素は、埋込部位への送達のための圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと半径方向に拡張可能であり、前記中間部は、隣接したステント構造と連通するステムと、隣接したステント構造と連通する2本の脚部とを有する、各々が叉骨形状の少なくとも2つの交連ポストを含み、前記弁置換装置はさらに、 前記ステント構成要素によって支持される少なくとも2つの弁尖を備え、各弁尖は、前記交連ポストに直接的に取付けられる少なくとも2つのタブを含む、弁置換装置。
- 7前記ステント構成要素は、前記中間部と前記第2の端との間に配置された少なくとも一列のセルを含む格子構造を有し、各交連ポストの前記叉骨形状は、少なくとも3つの隣接したセルのそれぞれの配列に及ぶことによって、前記叉骨は、前記配列の少なくとも1つの中間セルに取付けられることなく、前記配列の外側セルから延在する、請求項6に記載の装置。
- 8前記弁尖の前記タブは、前記叉骨形状の交連ポストの前記ステムに取付けられる、請求項6または7に記載の装置。
- 9前記叉骨形状の交連ポストの前記脚部は、前記弁尖の外縁と一致するように成形される、請求項6,7または8に記載の装置。
- 10前記少なくとも2つの交連ポストは、前記第1の端と前記中間部との間に配置された少なくとも2本の安定化アーチによって互いに接続される、請求項6またはその従属請求項のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 11経カテーテル埋込のための弁置換装置であって、 第1の端と、第2の端と、前記第1の端と前記第2の端との間に配置された少なくとも1つの中間部とを含むステント構成要素を備え、前記ステント構成要素は、埋込部位への送達のための圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと拡張可能であり、前記中間部は少なくとも2つの交連ポストを含み、前記弁置換装置はさらに、 前記ステント構成要素の内部に少なくとも部分的に延在する内側スカートと、 各々が少なくとも2つのタブを含む少なくとも2つの弁尖とを備え、前記タブは、前記内側スカートのスリットを通って突出し、前記交連ポストに直接的に取付けられる、弁置換装置。
- 122つの隣接した弁尖のタブは、合流し、前記内側スカートの同一のスリットを通って突出し、同一の交連ポストに直接的に取付けられる、請求項11に記載の装置。
- 13各タブは、前記交連ポストのスロットを通過することによって、および/または前記交連ポストに縫合されることによって、前記交連ポストに直接的に取付けられる、請求項11または12に記載の装置。
- 14前記弁尖は前記内側スカートに取付けられ、前記内側スカートは扇形の間隙によって間隔を空けられた交連部分を有し、各間隙には弁尖が及び、前記内側スカートの各交連部分は、それぞれの交連ポストの周りに少なくとも部分的に折返された少なくとも1つのフラップを含む、請求項11,12または13に記載の装置。
- 15前記内側スカートの各交連部分は、それぞれの交連ポストの周りに少なくとも部分的に折返された2つのフラップを含む、請求項14に記載の装置。
- 16前記少なくとも1つのフラップは、前記交連ポストに取付けられる前記タブの一部を実質的に覆う、請求項14または15に記載の装置。
- 17前記少なくとも1つのフラップは、前記交連ポストに取付けられる前記タブの縁を越えて軸方向に延在する、請求項14,15または16に記載の装置。
- 18経カテーテル埋込のための弁置換装置であって、複数の弁尖を支持するステント構成要素を備え、前記ステント構成要素は、送達カテーテルによる送達のための圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと半径方向に拡張可能であり、前記ステント構成要素は、送達カテーテルのステントホルダと協働する少なくとも1つの取付要素を含み、前記取付要素は、2つのステント支柱を互いに接合するU字形状部分を含み、前記ステント構成要素の前記圧縮状態では、前記支柱は、前記U字形状部分の孤が、前記支柱同士の間隔よりも大きいアパーチャを有する閉じたまたはほぼ閉じたアイレットを規定するように180度よりも大きい第1の角度で周りを延在するように、前記取付要素において互いに隣接して存在し、前記ステント構成要素の前記機能状態では、前記支柱は変位して互いに離れ、前記U字形状部分の孤は、前記アイレットを少なくとも部分的に開くように、前記第1の角度よりも小さい第2の角度で周りを延在する、弁置換装置。
- 19前記圧縮状態では、前記取付要素の前記U字形状は実質的に蹄鉄形のU字形状である、請求項18に記載の装置。
- 20前記機能状態では、前記取付要素の前記U字形状は実質的に非蹄鉄形のU字形状である、請求項18または19に記載の装置。
- 21請求項18,19または20に記載の弁置換装置と、そのための送達装置とを備えるシステムであって、前記送達装置は、解剖学的組織に挿入可能な、埋込部位に送達するために前記弁置換装置を受けるための収容領域を有する遠位部分を含み、ステントホルダが前記収容領域内に位置決めされ、前記ステントホルダは、前記ステント構成要素の前記少なくとも1つの取付要素と噛合係合するプロファイルを有する、システム。
- 22前記ステントホルダは、使用時に、前記取付要素の前記U字形状部分の内部に受けられる少なくとも1つの突出部を含み、前記突出部は、前記ステント構成要素が前記圧縮状態にあるときに、前記取付要素に隣接した前記支柱同士の間隔よりも大きい直径を有し、これによって、前記ステント構成要素は、前記送達装置の軸方向に関して動かないように抑制される、請求項21に記載のシステム。
- 23前記ステントホルダは、前記ステント構成要素が前記圧縮状態にあるときに、前記取付要素を内部に受けるためのチャネルを規定する1つ以上の表面を含み、前記チャネルは、前記ステント構成要素の拡張に伴って前記取付要素が拡張すると、前記ステントホルダから前記取付要素を持上げるためのテーパ状の口表面を有する、請求項21または22の組合わせ。
- 24心臓弁置換のための装置であって、 好ましくは心膜組織からなり、最も好ましくはブタの心膜組織からなる少なくとも2つの弁尖を含む弁構成要素および/または生体弁を備え、各弁尖は少なくとも2つのタブを含み、前記装置はさらに、 第1の端と、第2の端と、前記第1の端と前記第2の端との間に配置された少なくとも1つの中間部とを含むステント構成要素を備え、前記中間部は、前記第1の端から前記第2の端に及ぶ軸に対して概して平行に並んだ少なくとも2つの交連ポストを含み、 前記ステント構成要素は、圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと拡張可能であるように構成され、前記タブは前記交連ポストに、好ましくは前記交連ポストに設けられる取付手段に直接的に取付けられることを特徴とする、装置。
- 25心臓弁置換のための装置であって、 好ましくは心膜組織からなり、最も好ましくはブタの心膜組織からなる少なくとも2つの弁尖を含む弁構成要素および/または生体弁を備え、各弁尖は少なくとも2つのタブを含み、前記装置はさらに、 第1の端と、第2の端と、前記第1の端と前記第2の端との間に配置された少なくとも1つの中間部とを含むステント構成要素を備え、 前記ステント構成要素は、圧縮状態へと半径方向に圧縮可能であるとともに、機能状態へと拡張可能であるように構成され、前記中間部は、ステムおよび2本のアームを含む叉骨形状の少なくとも2つの交連ポストを含み、前記タブは前記交連ポストに、好ましくは前記交連ポストに設けられる取付手段に直接的に取付けられることを特徴とすることを特徴とする、装置。
- 26前記交連ポストは前記タブのための取付手段を含み、前記取付手段は、少なくとも1つのタブを挿入するように適合された少なくとも1つの開口部を含み、前記開口部は好ましくは長孔として形成されることを特徴とする、請求項24または25に記載の装置。
- 27前記交連ポストは前記タブのための取付手段を含み、前記取付手段は、縫合ワイヤを挿入するように適合された少なくとも2つのボアを含み、前記ボアは好ましくは円形ボアの形態であることを特徴とする、請求項24~26のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 28前記ステント構成要素は、前記中間部と前記第2の端との間に配置された管状部分を含み、前記管状部分はセルの格子構造を有し、各交連ポストの前記叉骨形状は、少なくとも3つの隣接したセルのそれぞれの配列に及ぶことによって、前記叉骨は、前記配列の少なくとも1つの中間セルに取付けられることなく、前記配列の外側セルから延在することを特徴とする、請求項25~27のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 29前記少なくとも2つの弁尖の前記タブは、前記叉骨形状の交連ポストの前記ステムに取付けられることを特徴とする、請求項25~28のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 30前記叉骨形状の交連ポストの前記アームは、前記弁尖の外縁と一致するように成形されることを特徴とする、請求項25~29のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 31前記装置は、好ましくは心膜組織からなり、かつ前記弁尖の下縁から前記第2の端に向かって及ぶ内側スカートをさらに備え、前記内側スカートは好ましくは前記ステント装置に縫合されることを特徴とする、請求項24~30のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 32前記ステント構成要素は、半径方向の前記圧縮状態において最大20フレンチ、好ましくは最大18フレンチの直径を有することを特徴とする、請求項24~31のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 33前記少なくとも2つの交連ポストは、前記第1の端と前記中間部との間に配置された少なくとも2本の安定化アーチによって互いに接続され、前記安定化アーチは、前記第1の端から前記中間部に向けて方向付けられた概して管状の管を形成することを特徴とする、請求項24~32のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 34前記内側スカートはスリットを含み、前記スリットを通して前記タブが引張られることを特徴とする、請求項31~33のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 35前記弁構成要素は、前記弁尖と前記内側スカートとの間の縫合部の周りの領域を除いて、実質的に単一層の組織のみが存在するように構成されることを特徴とする、請求項31~34のいずれかに記載の装置。
- 36心臓弁置換のための装置を送達するための送達システムであって、 接続手段を有する近位端および遠位端を含む、可撓性を有する管状カテーテルと、 請求項1~20または24~34のいずれかに記載の心臓弁置換のための装置とを備え、 前記装置は、心室内に配置されるように適合された前記装置の部分が前記カテーテルの前記遠位端に向けて方向付けられ、かつ大動脈内に配置されるように適合された前記装置の部分が前記近位端に向けて方向付けられるように、前記接続手段に接続されることを特徴とする、送達システム。
- 37心臓弁の置換方法であって、 圧縮状態にある請求項1~20または24~34のいずれかに記載の装置を、置換すべき心臓弁の部位に挿入するステップと、 前記弁置換装置のステント要素を拡張させるステップとを備え、 前記装置は、動脈に沿って、好ましくは大腿動脈または鎖骨下動脈に沿って、可撓性を有する管状カテーテルによって挿入されることを特徴とする、方法。
- 38弁置換装置の製造方法であって、 好ましくは心膜組織からなる管状スカートを提供するステップと、 互いに隣接した少なくとも2つの弁尖を前記管状スカートの周りに配置するステップと、 前記少なくとも2つの弁尖の外縁および底縁を前記管状スカートに取付けるステップと、 前記管状スカートを裏返すステップと、 このようにして得られた弁構成要素をステント構成要素に取付けるステップとを備える、方法。
- 39前記スカートを前記ステント構成要素に取付けるのに先立って、前記少なくとも2つの弁尖と部分的に重畳している前記スカートの組織の少なくとも一部を除去することを特徴とする、請求項38に記載の方法。
- 40前記少なくとも2つの弁尖の各々は少なくとも2つのタブを含み、前記タブは、前記弁尖の自由縁の領域内で前記外縁に配置され、前記スカートに少なくとも2つのスリットが切込まれることを特徴とする、請求項38または39に記載の方法。
- 41少なくとも1つのタブが各スリットから挿入され、前記ステント構成要素に直接的に取付けられることを特徴とする、請求項38~40のいずれかに記載の方法。
- 42前記管状スカートは、前記弁置換装置の前記弁構成要素の意図されたサイズおよび形態に対応するサイズおよび形態を有するマンドレルの周りに組織片を巻付けることによって作られることを特徴とする、請求項38~41のいずれかに記載の方法。
Independent claims42
34 paragraphs, as filed
0001The present invention relates to a device for valve replacement, and particularly to a device for aortic valve replacement. The present invention further relates to a delivery device for a valve replacement device and a method of manufacturing the valve replacement device. The valve replacement device may also be referred to as a stent valve or a valved stent.
0002The traditional approach to heart valve replacement is to cut a relatively large opening in the patient's sternum (sternotomy) or thoracic cavity (thoracotomy) to allow the surgeon access to the patient's heart. It needs to be included. In addition, these approaches require cardiac arrest in the patient's heart and cardiopulmonary bypass (ie, the use of a cardiopulmonary bypass machine to oxygenate and circulate the patient's blood). In recent years, the transvascular approach, ie, by delivering a new valve through the femoral artery, or by the transapical route, ie, the replacement valve between the ribs and directly through the heart wall to the implantation site. Efforts have been made to establish a less invasive heart valve replacement technique by delivering and implanting a heart valve replacement valve through a catheter inserted by a smaller skin incision.
0003Stent valves and delivery systems for placing replacement valves via catheters are known in the art and are disclosed, for example, in WO2007 / 071436 and WO2009 / 053497.
0004Some known stents consist of shape memory materials such as nitinol and are self-expanding. The valve can be made from an animal, for example a porcine aortic valve. Alternatively, the valve can, at least in part, consist of a synthetic material such as Dacron.
0005For example, WO2007 / 071436 discloses a valve replacement device that includes a valve element and a stent element. The stent element contains three different parts, one part containing the valve element. The valve element contains three valve tips, which can consist of biological or artificial materials. Three different parts can have different diameters.
<p num="0006"> One major drawback of some known replacement valve stents is that the diameter of the stent, even in the folded state, is often too large for transvascular delivery of the stent. Transfemoral delivery of the stent, where the stent must be advanced over the aortic arch, requires a smaller diameter of less than 18 French (6 mm). Such a small diameter may also be useful in transapical delivery where smaller skin incisions and / or smaller incisions in the heart can be used.</p><p num="0007"> Bending some known stent valves to a diameter less than 18 French can cause significant strain on the replacement valve and cause damage.</p><p num="0008"> Therefore, there is a need for a replacement valve device that avoids known disadvantages, can be bent to a small diameter without the risk of damage to the replacement valve, and can be securely placed on the aortic annulus and firmly anchored. Is.</p>
<p num="0009"> Aspects of the invention are defined in the claims. Broadly speaking, one aspect of the invention provides a device for heart valve replacement that includes a valve component (and / or a biological valve) having at least two leaflets. The term "valve component" is used herein to refer generically to a valve leaflet, whether or not the valve leaflets are firmly anchored to each other and define a single valve structure independent of the other components. Used.</p><p num="0010"> The valve leaflets preferably consist of pericardial tissue, most preferably porcine pericardium or bovine pericardium. The porcine pericardium is desirablely thin and can be sufficiently durable. The bovine pericardium can be thicker and more durable if desired. Each valve leaflet has at least two tabs. The device further comprises a stent component configured to be radially compressible into a compressed state and expandable into a functional state. The stent component includes a first end, a second end, and at least one intermediate portion located between the first and second ends. The middle section has at least two commissural posts that are arbitrarily and / or generally aligned parallel to the axis extending from the first end to the second end. The valve leaflet tab is attached directly to the commissure post, preferably to the attachment means provided on the commissure post.</p><p num="0011"> The valve leaflets are configured and sized to form a replacement valve. In some embodiments, the valve leaflets have a straight or slightly curved upper free edge, two outer edges, and a substantially arched lower edge. At least one tab is placed on each outer edge, preferably within the area of the upper free edge of the valve leaflet. In a valve replacement device, at least two leaflets, in the case of aortic valve replacement, can prevent their upper free edges from being pressed against each other during systole to prevent blood flow in one direction, eg, towards the heart. It can be positioned so that during systole the upper free edges can separate from each other to allow blood flow in other directions, eg, away from the heart.</p><p num="0012"> More preferably, three valve leaflets are provided. This makes it possible to mimic the native tricuspid valve structure, such as the aortic valve, pulmonary valve, tricuspid valve or mitral valve. Alternatively, the valve replacement device may include more valve tips, such as 4, 5, or more.</p><p num="0013"> Although it is known to use a variety of different artificial materials for the replacement valve, it is preferred that at least two leaflets of the valve replacement device according to the invention consist of pericardial tissue. Most preferably, at least two leaflets consist of porcine pericardial tissue. The pericardial tissue is thin enough, but durable enough to be used as a valve leaflet material. The porcine heart shows many similarities to the human heart. Therefore, it is advantageous to use porcine pericardial tissue. In addition, porcine pericardial tissue is readily available. The use of a porcine aortic valve is not described in the present invention because the porcine aortic valve is too thick to bend the valve replacement device below 20 French. As mentioned above, if more durability is desired, bovine pericardium may optionally be used for the valve leaflets in exchange for thicker tissue.</p><p num="0014"> The stent component is preferably self-expanding. Such stents are known in the art and often include or consist of shape memory materials such as nitinol. Alternatively, the stent component may consist of or include a plastically deformable material and may be extended to a functional state by external means such as a balloon catheter.</p><p num="0015"> In the compressed state, eg, the bent state, the stent component can be inserted into the area of the patient's heart valve, such as the aortic valve. Also, the diameter of the compressed stent component is such that the stent component can travel through an artery, such as the femoral artery, into the patient's heart. Therefore, the diameter and / or flexibility of the compressed stent component is preferably such that the valve replacement device can travel over the aortic arch.</p><p num="0016"> In the functional state, the stent components are at least partially expanded or in an uncompressed configuration. Optionally, the stent component defines the internal tubing space. Tube space is generally cylindrical and / Or can be tubular. The valve leaflets are placed inside the stent component to extend into the interior space. Positioning the valve replacement device at a target position near the patient's native valve causes the stent component to expand into a functional state. Preferably, the stent component may further include an anchor fixation element that allows the device to be securely attached into the cardiovascular system as the stent element expands.</p><p num="0017"> The patient's natural valve leaflets can be pushed away by the dilating stent component. The valve component, located inside the stent component, takes over the function of the innate valve when fully expanded.</p><p num="0018"> The stent component preferably comprises a first end, a second end, and at least one intermediate portion located between the first and second ends. The valve component is thereby preferably located within the middle of the stent component. Optionally, the stent component comprises a conical and / or cylindrical tubing space with an intermediate portion optionally having a constant diameter, the diameter of which is most preferably in the range of 15 mm to 35 mm. .. The length of the middle portion is thereby preferably in the range of 10 mm to 50 mm.</p><p num="0019"> In the functional state, the first and second ends define inflow and outflow openings through which blood can flow during or around it. A simple embodiment of the valve replacement device according to the present invention may include only an intermediate portion having first and second ends. However, more preferably, the valve replacement apparatus according to the present invention includes at least an additional inflow and / or an additional outflow portion arranged between the intermediate portion and the first and / or second end.</p><p num="0020"> The "inflow" as understood herein is the portion of the stent component from which blood enters the vascular space and / or the portion of the stent component that is upstream of the leaflet during use. For example, in the case of semilunar and / or aortic valves, it is the part of the stent component oriented towards the ventricles.</p><p num="0021"> Thus, the "outflow" as understood herein is the portion of the stent component from which blood exits the vascular space and / or the portion of the stent component downstream of the leaflet during use. For example, the semilunar valve is the part placed in the artery.</p><p num="0022"> The inflow and outflow sections may thereby have the same or different lengths. In addition, the inflow and / or outflow may generally define the internal tubing space of the tubular tubing. The tube space can be generally cylindrical. More preferably, the inflow and / or outflow includes a generally conical tube, i.e. a tube whose diameter increases or decreases. Alternatively, the inflow and outflow may include an internal tube space of any suitable geometry.</p><p num="0023"> Optionally, the inflow and outflow parts can have the same maximum diameter or a variable maximum diameter. The "maximum diameter" understood here is the maximum diameter within such a portion. Optionally, the maximum diameter of the inflow section is smaller than the maximum diameter of the outflow section. Moreover, the diameter of the middle part is smaller than the maximum diameter of either the inflow or outflow part. Most preferably, the inflow and outflow parts have a diameter that increases in the direction of the first and second ends. Alternatively, an additional portion may be placed between the inflow and / or outflow and the middle.</p><p num="0024"> In a preferred embodiment, the maximum diameter of the inflow portion is in the range of 20 mm to 35 mm and the maximum diameter of the outflow portion is in the range of 20 mm to 55 mm.</p><p num="0025"> Stent components may further include a lower anchor fixation crown. The lower anchor fixing crown may define a conical body, at least in part. The lower anchor fixation crown is preferably located between the second end and the middle of the stent component, preferably inside the annulus. And / or extend to the ventricular side of the annulus.</p><p num="0026"> Additionally, the stent component may further include an upper anchor fixation crown that communicates with or is adjacent to the lower anchor fixation crown. The upper anchor fixing crown may define a conical body at least in part. The cone of the lower anchor fixation crown can tilt outward in the direction of the second end, and the cone of the upper anchor fixation crown is located in the middle, eg, on the aortic side of the annulus. Can tilt outward in the direction of.</p><p num="0027"> Preferably, the stent component further comprises a stabilizing arch that communicates with the commissural post and extends towards the first end. The stabilizing arch preferably corrects any inclination of the stent component with respect to the ascending aorta upon implantation by engaging the ascending aorta and orienting the stent component longitudinally within the aorta or aortic annulus. It is composed of. The commissural posts are thereby connected to each other via a stabilizing arch, and two adjacent commissural posts are connected to each other by a single stabilizing arch. Further, the commissural posts preferably communicate with the upper anchor fixing crown and / or the lower anchor fixing crown.</p><p num="0028"> In addition, the stent component preferably comprises at least one mounting element that meshes and engages with the delivery device (eg, the stent holder of the delivery device). At least one attachment component may be configured to suppress axial displacement of the stent component until the stent component is completely released. In some embodiments, at least one mounting element is provided on the inferior crown such that the ventricle and / or inflow of the valve replacement device is the last expanding portion during device placement. The stent component may include any suitable number of mounting elements, for example two, three or more. The mounting elements can be spaced substantially uniformly in the circumferential direction.</p><p num="0029"> Optionally, at least one mounting element may include a U-shaped portion that joins the two stent struts to each other. The term "U-shaped" is used herein to include any shape, generally including a bow-shaped apex, regardless of whether the sides are straight or curved, outwardly, parallel, or non-parallel. Used for. In the folded (eg, compressed) state of the stent when received within the containment area of the delivery catheter, the struts are closed or nearly with a U-shaped part arc, for example, an aperture greater than the spacing between the struts. They may be adjacent to each other in the mounting element so that they extend around at a first angle greater than 180 degrees to define a closed (eg, horseshoe-shaped) eyelet. Both the horseshoe shape of the eyelet aperture and the adjacent space between the struts can define a keyhole shape. In the expanded (or unfolded) state of the stent when released from the containment area of the delivery catheter, the struts can be separated from each other, and the arc of the U-shaped portion opens the eyelet at least partially further. Can extend around at a second angle smaller than the angle of. For example, the second angle can be less than or equal to about 180 degrees. In the extended state, the mounting element may define a U-shape with a substantially straight side with a bowed top.</p><p num="0030"> The delivery catheter may include a stent holder provided within the stent containment area. The stent holder is (i) Each eyelet may include an acceptable protrusion, which, when the stent component is in the folded state, is trapped in the eyelet and passes between adjacent struts. Can be dimensioned so that it cannot and / or (ii) One or more recesses or gaps to accommodate the mounting element substantially inside, at least when the stent component is in the folded state. May include.</p><p num="0031"> Although the above form is compact, it may provide a reliable self-opening and / or self-opening attachment between the stent valve and the delivery system. By providing the mounting element, compression of the stent component to the desired small size is not hindered.</p><p num="0032"> In some embodiments, the middle section comprises at least two commissural posts that are generally parallel to the axis extending from the first end to the second end. The valve leaflet tab is attached directly to the commissure post, preferably to the attachment means provided on the commissure post.</p><p num="0033"> Attaching the valve leaflet directly to the commissural post provides high strain resistance of the valve leaflet. Optionally, by attaching the valvular tip directly to the commissural post as compared to valve replacement stents known in the art, there is no extra layer of tissue between the valvular tip and the commissural post that can withstand strain resistance. If possible, the thickness of the bent stent element can be arbitrarily reduced.</p><p num="0034"> According to another aspect of the invention, a device for heart valve replacement is provided that includes a valve component having at least two leaflets and / or a biological valve. At least two leaflets preferably consist of pericardial tissue, most preferably porcine pericardial tissue. Each of at least two leaflets has at least two tabs. The device further comprises a stent component configured to be radially compressible into a compressed state and expandable into a functional state. The stent component includes a first end, a second end, and at least one intermediate portion located between the first and second ends. The middle section has at least two commissural posts that are generally parallel to the axis extending from the first end to the second end. The commissure posts are formed in the shape of a wishbone, and the tabs are attached directly to the commissure posts, preferably to the attachment means provided on the commissure posts.</p><p num="0035"> The wishbone is generally shaped like an inverted "Y". The commissure post therefore includes two tilted legs (also called arms) and one stem. The tilted legs can be straight, but preferably the two tilted legs are curved (eg, around the axis of the stent component and / or in the circumferential plane). The shape is preferably chosen so that the legs of the wishbone, whether straight or curved, are substantially aligned and / or aligned with the outer edge of the leaflet. This allows the commissural post to provide good support for the outer edge of the valve leaflet. The outer edge of the valve leaflet can be attached to the leg and / or the inner skirt material between the valve leaflet and the commissural post. The legs are thereby shaped to roughly match the contours of the outer edge of the valve leaflets. This allows the outer edge of the leaflet to be attached directly or indirectly to the leg of the wishbone-shaped commissural post, for example by suturing, to provide close support for the valve leaflet.</p><p num="0036"> The configuration of other elements of this embodiment of the stent valve replacement device is similar to that described in the first embodiment above.</p><p num="0037"> The commissural post preferably comprises a mounting means for the valve leaflet tabs, the mounting means comprising at least one opening adapted to insert at least one tab.</p><p num="0038"> The openings are preferably configured as through holes, i.e., the openings are bounded on all sides by commissural posts and / or commissural posts are located on all sides. Alternatively, the opening can be configured as a channel slit, i.e., a commissural post can border only three sides, and / or a commissural post can be placed on only three sides, with one side open. There is. The opening can be in any suitable form, such as rectangular, circular, oval, and the like. Most preferably, the opening is in the form of an elongated hole. The opening is further adapted so that at least one tab of the valve leaflets can be inserted through the opening. Therefore, the position and size of the opening of the commissural post allows at least one tab of the valve leaflet to be inserted. Is selected. Preferably the opening is adapted so that two tabs of two adjacent valve leaflets can be inserted, for example. Alternatively, the commissure post can contain more than one such opening. Thus, a valve leaflet attachment with more tabs, such as two tabs on each outer edge, can be attached to the commissure post. In a further alternative, the commissural post may include two openings arranged parallel to each other so that each of the adjacent valve leaflet tabs can be inserted into a separate opening. The tab is preferably inserted into the opening, folded back towards the valve leaflet on the commissural post, and sutured to the valve leaflet.</p><p num="0039"> The mounting means further comprises at least two bores adapted to insert the suture wire, which are preferably in the form of circular bores. The provision of such additional bores facilitates the attachment of valve leaflet tabs and / or outer edges to commissural posts. These additional at least two bores are preferably placed next to the at least one opening.</p><p num="0040"> The stent component preferably comprises a substantially parallel and / or non-parallel tubular portion located between the middle portion and the second end, the tubular portion having a lattice structure of at least one row of cells. Since the wishbone shape of each commissural post extends to an array of at least three adjacent cells, the wishbone extends from the outer cell of the array without being attached to at least one intermediate cell of the array. Such a configuration facilitates compression and allows the furcula leg to have sufficient bifurcation to match the shape of the outer edge of the valve leaflet.</p><p num="0041"> In some embodiments, the legs of the wishbone are joined to the outer cells of the array within the lattice structure so that the commissural posts extend over at least three adjacent cells without being attached to at least one intermediate cell. Will be possible. Alternatively, each commissure post can be configured to span more than three adjacent cells, such as four, five, and so on. Alternatively, each commissure post may be configured to span a different number of adjacent cells. Preferably, the stems of the wishbone-shaped commissural posts communicate with each other by a stabilizing arch. The stems of two adjacent wishbone-shaped commissural posts are thereby communicated with each other by a single stabilizing arch.</p><p num="0042"> The valve replacement device preferably comprises pericardial tissue and may further include an inner skirt attached to the leaflet. The inner skirt can guide blood within the tubing space of the stent component and act to prevent blood from leaking through the gaps in the stent component (eg, through lattice-structured cells).</p><p num="0043"> In some embodiments, the inner skirt may have commissures spaced by fan-shaped gaps (eg, fan-shaped cutouts). Each gap extends to its own valve leaflet. The outer and / or lower edge of the valve leaflets can be attached to the inner skirt, for example by sutures.</p><p num="0044"> In some embodiments, the inner skirt may extend towards the second end and the skirt is preferably sutured to the stenting device. The skirt preferably covers the inner surface of the stent component at least partially. This reduces the occurrence of blood turbulence that can be caused by the material of the stent component. The skirt is preferably further sutured to at least two leaflets.</p><p num="0045"> In addition, at least one part of the stent component is at least partially covered on the outside by the outer skirt.</p><p num="0046"> The stent component is preferably configured such that when the compressed valve replacement device is inserted into the sheath of a delivery device such as a catheter, the total diameter of the delivery device and sheath is less than 20 French, preferably less than 18 French. This allows the valve replacement device to be favored along the artery. It can even be inserted along the femoral or subclavian artery. This also allows transapical insertion of the valve replacement device using a small skin incision and / or incision in the heart wall.</p><p num="0047"> According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for heart valve replacement including a valve component and / or a biological valve having at least two leaflets, each having at least two tabs. At least two leaflets may be attached to the annular skirt inside the annular skirt. The term "annular" is intended herein to refer to a structure that extends in the circumferential direction, but is not limited to a strictly circular or ring-shaped structure. A portion of the skirt material wraps around the commissure post, at least partially, without passing through the tab openings.</p><p num="0048"> According to yet another aspect of the invention, there is provided a device for heart valve replacement comprising a stent component having at least one portion defining a conical body, at least in part. The device further has multiple valve leaflets. An inner skirt is placed inside the stent component, which at least partially overlaps the conical body, defining the tube inside. An outer skirt is placed on the outside of the stent component that at least partially overlaps only part of the conical body.</p><p num="0049"> The medial and / or lateral skirts preferably consist of pericardial tissue, most preferably porcine pericardial tissue.</p><p num="0050"> Another aspect of the invention provides a valve replacement device that includes a stent component that is radially compressible to a compressed state for delivery and is also radially expandable to a functional state. The stent component may include at least one (preferably multiple) mounting elements that work with the stent holder of the delivery device. Each mounting element (or at least one of the mounting elements) may include a U-shaped portion that joins the two stent struts to each other. The term "U-shaped" is used herein to include any shape, generally including a bow-shaped apex, regardless of whether the sides are straight or curved, outwardly, parallel, or non-parallel. Used for. In the compressed state of the stent when received within the containment area of the delivery catheter, the struts were closed or nearly closed (eg, horseshoes) with U-shaped portions of the arc isolated, for example, with apertures greater than the spacing between the struts. They may be adjacent to each other in the mounting element so that they extend around at a first angle greater than 180 degrees to define the eyelets (in shape). Both the horseshoe shape of the eyelet aperture and the adjacent space between the struts can optionally define a keyhole shape. In the expanded (or unfolded) state of the stent when released from the containment area of the delivery catheter, the struts can be separated from each other, and the arc of the U-shaped portion opens the eyelet at least partially further. Can extend around at a second angle smaller than the angle of. For example, the second angle can be less than or equal to about 180 degrees. In the extended state, the mounting element may define a substantially non-horseshoe U-shape, for example a U-shape with a straight side with a bow-shaped top.</p><p num="0051"> The delivery device used with the valve replacement device as described above may include a stent holder provided within the containment area. The stent holder is (i) Each eyelet may include an acceptable overhang, which may be trapped in the eyelet and pass between adjacent struts when the stent is in the folded state. Can be dimensioned so that it cannot and / or (ii) One or more recesses or gaps to accommodate the mounting element substantially inside, at least when the stent is in the folded state. May include.</p><p num="0052"> The above form is compact but reliable self between the valve replacement device and the delivery device. It may provide open and / or self-release mounting.</p><p num="0053"> Another aspect of the invention provides a valve replacement device that includes a stent component that supports at least two leaflets. The valve leaflets can consist of pericardial tissue, most preferably porcine pericardium or bovine pericardium. As mentioned above, the porcine pericardium may provide the desired tissue thinness. Bovine pericardial tissue is slightly thicker, but can be more durable.</p><p num="0054"> Each valve leaflet may contain at least two tabs. The tabs can act to support the leaflets against the stent components.</p><p num="0055"> In some embodiments, the tab can be attached directly to the commissure support (eg, post) of the stent component. The tabs can be attached to attachment means provided on the commissural support. For example, a tab may pass through an opening (eg, a slot or slit) in a commissural post from the inside to the outside of a stent component. The outer tab portion of the stent component may be folded back in contact with the commissure support and / or sutured to the commissure support. Optionally, the respective tabs of the two adjacent valve leaflets that meet at the commissure support pass through the same opening. Each tab can be folded back so that it touches the outside of the commissural support without partially overlapping the other tab. The two tabs are optionally not directly attached to each other.</p><p num="0056"> Additional or alternative, the valve leaflets can be attached to the medial skirt. The valve leaflets can be attached to the inner portion of the inner skirt, and the tabs pass through the openings (eg, slots or slits) in the inner skirt to the outside of the inner skirt. The inner skirt can have fan-shaped gaps, each of which has its own apex. The inner skirt may have commissures or rises provided with openings (eg, slots or slits).</p><p num="0057"> Additional or alternative, the material defining the inner skirt is of the commissure support to cover the part of the commissure support and / or to cover the tabs of the valve leaflets that are secured to the commissure support. It may include an integrated extension (eg, a flap) that wraps around at least a portion. This extension can be sutured to the commissure support.</p><p num="0058"> In some embodiments, any two or all combinations of the above configurations may be used. For example, a pair of adjacent valve leaflet tabs can pass through the opening of the inner skirt as well as through the opening of the commissural support. These two openings may be generally aligned. The tabs can be folded back in opposite directions and sewn to the outside of the commissure support (optionally without the tabs being sewn directly to each other). One or more flaps or extensions of the inner skirt at the commissure support may be wrapped around the outside of the commissure support so as to cover the tabs and / or the commissure support. The extending portion may be sutured to the commissural support. Optionally, the sutures may pass through the same suture holes used to attach the tabs in the commissure support. The extension can extend axially across the tab so that the edges of the tab are covered and protected.</p><p num="0059"> Another aspect of the invention is a stent component that is radially compressible to a compressed state for delivery and is also radially expandable to a functional state, and is mounted inside the stent component. Valve replacement including multiple valve leaflets, an inner skirt attached to the valve leaflet and at least partially extending inside the stent component, and an outer skirt at least partially extending outside the stent component. Provide the device.</p><p num="0060"> In some embodiments, the outer skirt may extend more towards the inflow end of the stent component than the inner skirt. Additional or alternative, the inner and outer skirts may partially overlap the surface of at least one skirt. Additional or alternative, the inner and outer skirts may not have adjacent ends. Additional or alternative In addition, the inner skirt can extend more than the outer skirt extends towards the outflow end of the stent component.</p><p num="0061"> At least a portion of the stent component extending at least one skirt can optionally have a lattice structure containing a plurality of cells in at least a row.</p><p num="0062"> The function of the medial skirt can be the function of defining a tube within the stent to direct blood toward the valve leaflets and preventing blood from leaking through the gaps (eg, lattice gaps) of the stent components. The function of the outer skirt may be to provide a sealing surface on the outside of the stent component to seal the surrounding tissue and prevent leakage at the interface with the surrounding tissue. Providing both skirts can be beneficial in preventing overall leakage. However, the presence of both skirts can greatly contribute to the thickness of the material carried by the stent, which increases the difficulty of compressing the stent valve to the desired small size. By providing both skirts that are only partially overlapped in the axial direction, not only can the benefits of both skirts be obtained, but the thickness profile is reduced in the area where only one skirt extends. By superimposing the skirts (for example, keeping in mind that the stent valve will be substantially deformed by compression for delivery and re-expansion at implantation), the skirts are each of the stent components A better seal between the skirts may be provided than the edges facing each other on the inside and outside.</p><p num="0063"> The degree of superposition of the skirts in the axial direction can be, for example, at least 1 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 6 mm, at least 7 mm, or at least 8 mm. Additional or alternative, the degree of superposition of the skirt in the axial direction can be, for example, less than 10 mm, less than 9 mm, less than 8 mm, less than 7 mm, less than 6 mm, less than 5 mm, or less than 4 mm. For example, the degree of superposition of the skirts in the axial direction can be about 4 mm to 6 mm.</p><p num="0064"> At least one skirt (optionally each skirt) may extend at least 1 mm away from the superposed area by a non-superimposed axial distance. This non-overlapping distance for the or each skirt can be, for example, at least 2 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 6 mm, at least 7 mm, at least 8 mm, at least 9 mm, or at least 10 mm.</p><p num="0065"> In some embodiments, the inflow or inflow of the stent component may have a zigzag shape defined by the lattice structure of at least a row of cells. The zigzag shape is an alternating arrangement of free tops (eg at the inflow end or defining the inflow end) and connection tops (eg connected to a lattice structure extending away from the inflow end and towards the outflow end). Can be specified. In some embodiments, the inner skirt may extend only to the top of the connection. The outer skirt may partially overlap the inner skirt and may extend further than the inner skirt to a level corresponding to at least some of the free tops.</p><p num="0066"> In some embodiments, the medial skirt may extend towards the inflow end of the stent component. The outer skirt may remain at a distance from the top edge of the inner skirt, with only partial overlap with the inner skirt. The outer skirt can extend towards the inflow end of the stent component (or optionally to the inflow end). The lateral skirt may optionally not partially overlap any portion of the leaflet (eg, directly or indirectly via a stent component).</p><p num="0067"> The medial and / or lateral skirt can be made of any suitable material such as pericardial tissue (eg, porcine pericardium due to thickness), PET, Dacron and the like. Inner and outer ska The materials can optionally be made of the same material as each other.</p><p num="0068"> Another object of the present invention is to provide a delivery system for delivering a device for heart valve replacement. Delivery systems include flexible tubular catheters with proximal (or partial) and distal (or partial) connecting means (eg, stent holders). The delivery device further includes a device for heart valve replacement as described above. The delivery device is a device adapted such that a portion of the device adapted to be placed within or towards the ventricle is oriented towards the distal end of the catheter and placed within the aorta. Is connected to the connecting means so that the portion of is oriented towards the proximal end. With respect to the delivery device, the term "distal" refers to being oriented away from the operator of the delivery device, and the term "proximal" refers to being oriented towards the operator.</p><p num="0069"> The proximal end of the tubular catheter preferably comprises a handle member for the operator. The distal end of the tubular catheter includes connecting means (eg, a stent holder) for releasably connecting the valve replacement device according to the invention. The connecting means can be of any suitable type. Preferably, the connecting means is configured as a pin, or other overhang that meshes with a corresponding mounting element (eg, hook and / or eyelet) of the valve replacement device. As the stent component of the replacement device expands, the device disengages from the tubular catheter by releasing the attachment element from the pin.</p><p num="0070"> The orientation of the valve replacement device on the tubular catheter allows the device to be inserted along the patient's artery, preferably along the femoral or subclavian artery. The procedure of arterial insertion is beneficial for some patients because it is less traumatic than surgery. If desired, a tubular catheter may be configured for transapical insertion.</p><p num="0071"> According to yet another aspect of the present invention, a method for replacing a heart valve is provided. The above delivery device is inserted in a compressed state at the site of the heart valve to be replaced. Then, the sent element is expanded. The delivery device is optionally inserted along the artery, preferably along the femoral or subclavian artery, by a flexible tubular catheter. Alternatively, a delivery device is inserted transapex into the ventricle of the heart.</p><p num="0072"> Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for manufacturing a valve replacement device that is miniaturized when compressed in the radial direction, which can be carried out quickly and easily. This object is achieved by the manufacturing method defined in the accompanying claims.</p><p num="0073"> In some examples, in the first step of the method of manufacturing a valve replacement device according to the present invention, a tubular skirt preferably made of pericardial tissue is provided. The term "tubular" should be understood to also generally include skirts molded into the shape of a cylinder or truncated cone. The term also includes skirts and the like having an elliptical cross section that varies radially along the axis. Tubular skirts preferably consist of porcine pericardial tissue.</p><p num="0074"> In the next step, at least two leaflets, also preferably consisting of pericardial tissue, are placed adjacent to each other around the tubular skirt. Therefore, the size of the valve leaflets is selected so that when the valve leaflets are placed adjacent to each other, the valve leaflets extend around the entire circumference of the tubular skirt. The outer edges of the valve leaflets are therefore in contact at least in the area of their upper free edge.</p><p num="0075"> The valve leaflets can be excised from the pericardial tissue. The valve leaflets include arbitrarily curved free edges. The curvature can be a convex curvature. Therefore, the size of the valve leaflets and the curvature of the free edges are selected to allow the free edges to make sealing contact (eg, join) with each other when the stent components are in a functional state. The valve leaflets further include two outer edges that taper towards the lower edge of the valve leaflets. .. The lower edge is shorter than the free edge. Preferably, the lower edge is also curved, more preferably convex. The term "convex" should be understood to define the curvature of the leaflet edge with respect to the valve leaflet surface. Therefore, the convexly curved edge rises from the valve leaflet.</p><p num="0076"> Prior to excision, it is preferable to treat the pericardial tissue to avoid contraction of the valve leaflets at a later stage.</p><p num="0077"> The outer and bottom edges of the valve leaflets are then attached to the surface of the tubular skirt, preferably by suturing. Alternatively, the valve leaflets may be attached by other means such as gluing. The free edge needs to remain unattached to the skirt to form the replacement valve for the assembled valve replacement device.</p><p num="0078"> In the next step, turn the tubular skirt over so that the valve leaflets are generally inside the tubular tube of the tubular skirt. The inverted skirt is then finally attached to the stent component.</p><p num="0079"> Since the valve components of the valve replacement device manufactured according to the method of the present invention are made "front and back", it is much easier to attach the valve tip to the skirt and requires fewer steps.</p><p num="0080"> In order to further miniaturize the bent valve replacement device, preferably at least some skirt tissue partially overlapped with the valve leaflets is removed. This can be done by cutting the skirt along the sutures that attach the valve leaflets to the skirt. Tissue removal is preferably done with scissors or a scalpel. This makes it possible to further reduce the diameter of the valve replacement device, as there is only one layer of tissue, excluding the area of the suture. Such removal of the skirt tissue creates a fan-shaped gap in the skirt tissue that extends to the valve leaflets. The skirt tissue may include commissures where adjacent valve leaflets meet. The commissure portion may include a circumferential and / or axial extension portion (eg, flap) to provide a protective wrapping material that wraps around the outside of the commissure post of the stent component.</p><p num="0081"> At least two leaflets preferably further include at least two tabs, preferably one tab is thereby placed on each outer edge of each valve leaflet, most preferably within the region of the free edge. Alternatively, at least two leaflets may include more tabs, for example two tabs at each outer edge of each valve leaflet. After turning the tubular skirt over, make at least two slits in the skirt and insert at least one tab through each slit. Alternatively, insert two tabs on adjacent leaflets through the same slit. This allows the tabs to pass from the inside to the outside of the skirt.</p><p num="0082"> The tab is then pulled directly to the stent component, preferably to the attachment means provided on the stem of the wishbone-shaped commissure post, most preferably from the opening provided in the commissure post, and then the tab. Is attached by stitching to the commissure post. After that, the excess material of the tab may be removed.</p><p num="0083"> The extending portion of the commissure portion of the skirt material may be wrapped around the commissure post without passing through the same opening as the tab.</p><p num="0084"> Preferably, the tubular skirt is made by wrapping a generally rectangular piece of pericardium of appropriate size around a mandrel having a size and morphology corresponding to the intended size and morphology of the valve components of the valve replacement device. Made. The pericardial pieces are then sutured together to give a generally tubular skirt. The tubular skirt then takes the form of the mandrel's outer shell, preferably by treating the pericardium to cause tissue contraction. But The mandrel can add a particular shape to the tubular skirt. In a particularly preferred embodiment, the mandrel provides a circumferential ridge on the skirt. When attaching at least two valve leaflets to the tubular skirt, the tubular skirt may remain present on the mandrel.</p><p num="0085"> In addition, a flap of skirt material may be wrapped over the tabs and openings so as to cover the sutures holding the tabs on the commissure posts. This further protects the valve replacement device from damage when bending the device to less than 18 French in diameter.</p><p num="0086"> Whether certain aspects of the invention are defined above and / or in the appended claims, but emphasized with respect to any of the novel features or ideas described herein and / or illustrated in the drawings. Regardless, claim protection.</p><p num="0087"> Further advantages and features of the present invention are described in the description and drawings of the following examples.</p>
0088<figref num="1">It is a figure which shows an exemplary example of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="2">It is a figure which shows the valve tip of the valve component which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="3">It is a detailed view of the commissure post having a wishbone shape.</figref><figref num="4a">It is a figure which shows the structure with the attachment means for the tab of a valve leaf.</figref><figref num="4b">It is a figure which shows the structure with the attachment means for the tab of a valve leaf.</figref><figref num="4c">It is a figure which shows the structure with the attachment means for the tab of a valve leaf.</figref><figref num="4d">It is a figure which shows the structure with the attachment means for the tab of a valve leaf.</figref><figref num="5a">It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="5b">It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="5c">It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="5d">It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="5e">It is a figure which shows the manufacturing method of the valve replacement apparatus which concerns on this invention.</figref><figref num="6">It is a figure which shows the alternative embodiment of the stent component in the same figure as FIG.</figref><figref num="7">It is the schematic of the delivery device for a valve replacement device.</figref><figref num="8">It is a schematic enlarged view which shows the relationship between a stent holder and a mounting element when a stent component is in a compressed state.</figref><figref num="9">It is a figure which shows schematic the mounting element when the stent component expands into a functional state.</figref>
0089FIG. 1 shows a preferred embodiment of the valve replacement device 15 according to the present invention. The valve replacement device 15 is adapted to be inserted in the transfemoral approach, but is also generally insertable by another transvascular or transapical approach. The replacement device 15 has a first end 26, a second end 27, and an intermediate portion 17, including a stent component 20 and a valve component 5. In this embodiment, the first end 26 is intended to be positioned within the artery and the second end 27 is intended to be positioned into or towards the ventricles of the patient's heart. When the valve replacement device 15 is in place, blood flows from the second end 27 through the middle 17 to the first end 26. Therefore, the part between the second end 27 and the middle part 17 is also referred to as the "inflow part". Accordingly, the portion between the middle portion 17 and the second end 26 is referred to as the "outflow portion".
0090The stent component 20 includes a stabilizing arch 21, a commissural post 22, an upper anchor fixing crown 23, a lower anchor fixing crown 24, and a mounting element 25. The configuration of the stent component is therefore similar to that described in the co-pending application EP 2 205 183. The stabilizing arch 21 acts to stabilize the stent 15 in the blood vessel, preferably in the aorta, upon deployment. Arch 21 is above the commissure post 22, i.e. distal end. Attached directly to its proximal end. Starting from the proximal end, Arch 21 diverges radially outward over a portion of its length and gathers radially inward towards its distal end. Hereinafter, the terms "distal" and "proximal" are used to refer to the valve replacement device 15 or parts of its components that are more distant or closer to the heart, respectively. The distal end is also called the aortic end and the proximal end is also called the ventricular end.
0091The three leaflets 31 of the replacement heart valve are attached to the commissural post 22. The valve leaflets 31 are formed from porcine pericardial tissue. The upper anchor fixation crown 23 acts to attach the stent 15 to the aortic side of the heart valve, and the lower anchor fixation crown 24 attaches the stent 15 into the natural annulus or towards the ventricular side of the heart valve. Acts on. The attachment means 25 allows the stent 15 to be detachably attached to the delivery device.
0092The commissural post 22 has an axial length L2 that substantially corresponds to an axial length L1 of the stabilizing arch 21. Typically, the length L1 is about 90% to 110% of the length L2. The commissural post 22 has a wishbone shape, each containing an upper 22a for directly fixing the tab 30 of the valve leaflets 31 and a lower 22b having two legs or arms 32, 33. The tab 30 is secured to the top 22a by being wrapped around and sutured. The sides of the valve leaflets 31 are sutured directly or indirectly to the two arms 32, 33 at the bottom 22b. The lower crown 24 is formed by a substantially tubular portion having a lattice structure of cells 34,35,36. The two arms 32,33 of each wishbone-shaped commissure post 22 span an array of at least three adjacent cells 34,35,36. The wishbone extends from the outer cells 34,36 of the sequence without being attached to at least one intermediate cell 35 of the sequence.
0093The underside, or proximal end, of the stent is covered by an outer skirt 34 that extends axially along approximately half the height of cells 34,35,36. Inside the stent 15, there is an inner skirt 35, preferably made of pericardial material, that seals the space between the two adjacent arms 32 and 33 of the wishbone commissural post 22.
0094FIG. 2 is a diagram of the valve leaflet 10 according to the present invention. The free edge 10 is configured to seal and engage the free edge 10 of at least one additional valve leaflet 31 to form a tightly closed valve. Preferably, the free edge 10 is arched, but a straight edge may be used. The valve leaflet 31 further includes two outer edges 11 and one lower edge 12. The lower edge 12 is arched, while the outer edge 11 is straight. The surface surrounded by the outer and lower edges 12 is often referred to as the "belly" of the valve leaflets 31. Two tabs 30 are placed on both outer edges 11 within the area of free edge 10. The tab 30 is sized and molded so that it can be inserted into the attachment means provided at the commissural post of the stent component of the valve replacement device (see also FIGS. 3 and 4). At least two valve leaflets 31 are positioned within such a device to form a valve component, preferably the valve components include three valve leaflets 31.
0095FIG. 3 is a detailed view showing the configuration of a stent component 20 having a wishbone-shaped commissural post 22. Stent component 20 is shown in the folded state, i.e. in the folded state. The upper portion 22a of the commissural post 22 is joined to each other by a stabilizing arch 21. Further, these upper portions 22a include fixing means for the tab 30 of the valve leaflets 31, represented here by the opening 19 and the hole 18. The lower part 22b of the commissure post 22 contains two arms 32, 33. The commissural post 22 thereby has an overall wishbone-shaped composition. As can be easily seen in this figure, the arms 32,33 of the commissure post 22 span an array of three contiguous cells 34,35,36 in the lower crown 24. The arms 32, 33 are thereby connected to the outer cells 34, 36 of the array without being attached to the middle cell 35 of the array. The lower crown 24 further includes a mounting element 25 in the form of a hook. These mounting elements 25 allow the valve replacement device 15 to be detachably mounted on the delivery device.
0096FIG. 4 shows different configurations of mounting means for the upper portion 22a of the commissural post 22. The configuration shown in FIG. 4a corresponds to the configuration of the commissural post 22 as shown in FIG. An opening 19 in the form of a long hole is arranged in the center of the upper portion 22a. The opening 19 is shaped and sized to allow the insertion of at least one tab 30. However, the size of the opening 19 is preferably such that two tabs 30 can be inserted. Further, four holes 18 are arranged on both sides of the opening 19. An additional hole 18 is placed above the opening 19. The hole 18 is intended to accommodate the suture wire used to attach the tab 30 to the commissural post 22. An alternative configuration of opening 19 is shown in FIG. 4b. In this embodiment, the opening 19 is configured as a central longitudinal slit in the upper portion 22a. Again, a hole 18 is arranged next to the opening 19. FIG. 4c shows a further embodiment without holes 18. The opening 19 is shown as a longitudinal slit, but may be optionally configured as an elongated hole. In this embodiment, the tab 30 is inserted through the opening 19, folded back towards the valve leaflet 31 and sutured to the valve leaflet 31. A further alternative embodiment is shown in Figure 4d. In this embodiment, the mounting means includes only the hole 18. This causes the tab 30 to fold over the valve leaflet 31 and suture to the valve leaflet 31. The tab 30 is attached to the commissure post 22 by sewing an additional suture into the opening 18 from the folded portion of the tab 30.
0097FIG. 5 shows a manufacturing method of the valve replacement device 15 according to the present invention. FIG. 5a shows the first step of the method. An overall rectangular piece of pericardial tissue 2 of appropriate size is wrapped around a mandrel 1 of appropriate shape. The mandrel preferably comprises a particular shape element, exemplified here as a ridge 4 imparted to the inner skirt of the valve replacement device. The pericardial tissue is then sewn at the suture 3 and optionally trampled to impart some contraction of the tissue. In the next step shown in FIG. 5b, at least two but preferably three tabs 31 are placed around the outer surface of one piece of pericardial tissue 2. The tab 31 is thereby positioned so that the tab 30 of the adjacent valve leaflets 31 is at the same height along the longitudinal axis of the mandrel 1. In addition, adjacent valve leaflets 31 contact each other at their outer edges within the area of the tab 30. The valve leaflets 31 are then sewn to the pericardial tissue 2 along the lower and outer edges 11. Tab 30 remains free. Then, the pericardial tissue 4 is removed from the mandrel 1 and turned inside out (see Fig. 5c). Thus, the valve leaflets 31 are placed inside the cylindrical pericardial tissue 4. The excess material 6 of the pericardial tissue is removed, for example by cutting. At least a portion of the pericardial tissue 4 located outside the leaflet 31 is also removed along the suture 7 connecting the pericardial tissue 4 to the valve leaflet 31. In the area of the tab, a slit 8 configured and sized to allow the tab 30 to pass through is provided in the pericardial tissue 4. In the area of slit 8, leave two flaps 9 of pericardial tissue 4. Next, pass the tab 30 through the slit 8. The valve component 5 thus completed includes an inner skirt 28 and a valve leaflet 31. Except for the area around the suture, valve component 5 is composed of a single layer of pericardial tissue. In the next step shown in FIG. 5d, valve component 5 is inserted into stent component 20. The tab 30 is inserted through the opening 19 arranged in the commissure post 22, folded back toward the valve leaflet 31, and further attached to the commissure post 22 by suturing. The seam of the suture passes through the hole 18. Then, the extra tab 30 Remove the material. Then, the flap 9 is folded back on the upper portion 22a of the commissure post 22 to cover the sewn portion of the tab 30, thereby forming a kind of sleeve around the upper portion 22a of the commissure post 22. FIG. 5e shows the completed valve replacement device 15. In the region of arms 32, 33 of each wishbone-shaped commissure post 22, valve component 5 is further attached to stent component 20 by sutures 13. Further, the inner skirt 28 is attached to the cell of the lower crown 24 by the suture portion 14. As shown in the embodiment of FIG. 1, the outside of the lower crown 24 may be further covered by the outer skirt 29.
0098In some embodiments, the flap 9 may have an axial length longer than the tab 30 in the inflow and / or outflow directions. When the flap 9 is folded around the commissural post, the flap 9 can cover and protect the tab 30 by extending axially beyond the edge of the tab 30. As can be seen in Figure 5e, the flap 9 can extend axially above the level of the leaflet.
0099FIG. 6 schematically shows the deformed arrangement of the stent components and the deformed arrangement of the inner skirt 35 and the outer skirt 34. The inflow or inflow port of the stent component has a zigzag shape defined by a lattice-structured cell containing at least one row of lattice cells. The zigzag shape is defined by alternating free tops 50 and connecting tops 52. The free top 50 defines the inflow end. The connection top 52 communicates with adjacent cells in the row.
0100The location of the medial skirt 35 is indicated by lines 54 and 56 and extends from the commissural post and / or valve leaflet toward the inflow end. Although line 54 generally indicates the level of the lower edge of the valve leaflets, it should be recognized that the medial skirt 35 may have commissures extending axially upward to the commissure posts of the stent component. The location of the outer skirt 34 is indicated by lines 58 and 60 and extends further towards the inflow end than the inner skirt 35.
0101In the illustrated example, the inner skirt 35 extends to a level corresponding to (at least some) the connection top 52, as indicated by line 56. The outer skirt 34 extends to a level corresponding to (at least some) the free top 50.
0102The outer skirt 34 may have a zigzag-shaped edge that substantially matches the zigzag shape of the inflow edge.
0103The medial skirt 35 extends further than the medial skirt 34 in the opposite direction towards the outflow end (and / or end) of the stent. The inner and outer skirts may partially overlap each other in the axial direction. The degree of axial superposition can be, for example, at least 1 mm, at least 2 mm, at least 3 mm, at least 4 mm, at least 5 mm, at least 6 mm, at least 7 mm, or at least 8 mm. Additional or alternative, the degree of superposition of the skirt in the axial direction can be, for example, less than 10 mm, less than 9 mm, less than 8 mm, less than 7 mm, less than 6 mm, less than 5 mm, or less than 4 mm. For example, the degree of superposition of the skirts in the axial direction can be about 4 mm to 6 mm.
0104As seen in FIG. 6, at least some of the cells have an exposed free top 50a that extends beyond the free top 50 of the adjacent cells in the row and is not covered by the outer skirt 34. The exposed free top 50a provides a mounting element 25 that engages the stent holder of the delivery device.
0105Suture bores may be provided along each side of the opening of the commissural post and only at one end in the axial direction of the stem, as also seen in circle A in FIG. 6 and the corresponding region in FIG. Such a configuration allows the stem of the commissural post to be miniaturized as compared to a configuration in which the suture bores can be provided at both ends in the axial direction.
0106FIG. 7 schematically shows a delivery device 62, such as a delivery catheter, for inserting a valve replacement device in the heart. The catheter can travel over the guide wire (shown by the dashed line). The catheter comprises a distal portion 64 having a containment area for accommodating a compressed valve replacement device for insertion into anatomical tissue. A stent holder (discussed below) is provided in the containment area to hold the valve replacement device in place so that the valve replacement device does not move axially until the stent component expands into a functional state, bringing the stent component into a functional state. Upon expansion, the stent component is removed from the stent holder. The distal portion 64 may further have a sheath structure for constraining the stent component to a compressed state for delivery so that the sheath structure exposes the stent component and allows the stent component to expand into a functional state. It is possible to operate. The delivery catheter 62 further includes a stem portion 66, which is optionally flexible and extends towards the proximal portion 68 having a control handle.
0107Different examples of mounting elements 25 are assumed. In general, each mounting element 25 may be defined by a top that joins the first and second struts extending from the end of the stent component. The strut can be a member that defines the lattice or skeletal stent structure of the stent valve 10. In the case of a grid, the cells associated with the struts can extend axially beyond the adjacent cells of the grid.
0108In Figure 3, the struts generally extend linearly, defining a U-shape (shown in Figure 3) with a generally straight side in the compressed state, and a V-shape when the stent component expands into a functional state. Can meet at the top that extends into a shape. In FIG. 6, the apex is provided by having a generally circular or horseshoe-shaped U-shape when in the compressed state (shown in FIG. 6), and when the stent component expands into the functional state, for example, a straight side. It differs slightly by extending to a generally non-horseshoe shape, such as the U-shape (Fig. 9).
0109With reference to FIG. 8, the stent holder 78 may generally include a plurality of protrusions 84 and / or gaps 86 for accommodating the attachment element 25 of FIG. 3 and / or FIG. The edge 90 of each gap 86 can be optionally circular or chamfered. The protrusion 84 may be configured to fit inside the top of each attachment element 25 when the stent component is in the folded state. The engagement of the protrusion 84 with the mounting element prevents the mounting element (and thus the stent valve 10) from moving axially, at least in the axial direction away from the stent holder 24, and optionally in both axial directions. ..
0110In the case of a self-expanding stent component, the mounting element 25 can be disengaged if the portion of the stent component where the mounting element 25 begins to extend is uncovered by the sheath structure of the delivery catheter. As the stent components expand, the struts separate from each other to open a U-shape or V-shape at the top of the mounting element. As the top opens, the interior of the mounting element 25 grows larger, which facilitates disengagement between the protrusion 84 and the mounting element 25. The chamfered edge 90 of the gap 86 further acts as an inclined surface for radially "lifting" the strut from the gap 88 when the strut expands in the circumferential direction and presses on the edge 90. If the mounting element 25 could be accidentally inserted into the gap 86, the mounting element 25 could be freed by a slight rotation and / or axial displacement of the catheter, which facilitates further mounting with respect to the edge 90. Will be done.
0111In the particular example of FIGS. 6, 8 and 9, the protrusion 84 is a suitable finger or pin to fit inside the horseshoe shape of the mounting element. The protrusions can generally project radially or can be tilted away from the stent component at an angle, for example up to about 10 degrees (eg about 5 degrees). In the folded state of the stent components (FIGS. 6 and 8), the struts are closed or almost closed, with the arc of the U-shaped portion 25 having an aperture larger than the spacing between the struts to accommodate the pins 84. At the mounting element 25, they may be in close proximity to each other so as to extend around at a first angle greater than 180 degrees to define the eyelet. Both the eyelet aperture and the space between the stanchions can define a keyhole shape. Alternatively, the stanchions may press against each other at the mounting element 25 to close the eyelets. In either configuration, the mounting element 25 can be suppressed in both axial directions simply by engaging the mounting element 25 with the protrusion 84. This can be advantageous by allowing a larger chamfered surface to be used at the edge 90 of the gap 86 and / or at the end face 92 of the stent holder. Once implanted, a chamfered end face 92 may be desirable to facilitate withdrawal of the stent holder 78 by the valve replacement device. This configuration also allows the struts of the mounting elements to be compressed in close contact with each other so that the mounting elements do not interfere with compressing the stent components to the desired small size.
0112Optionally, the gap 86 is closed at one end in the axial direction, and the protrusion 84 is placed in the space between the columns. Further protect the mounting element 25 from axial displacement in the direction of pushing.
0113With reference to FIG. 9, in the expanded (or unfolded) functional state of the stent component, the struts are separated from each other and the arc on the U-shaped apex opens the eyelet at least partially. It can extend around at a second angle less than one. The second angle can be less than or equal to about 180 degrees. In a manner similar to the above, opening the apex may facilitate disengagement from the protrusion 84. The chamfered edge 90 of the gap 86 further acts as an inclined surface for radially "lifting" the strut from the gap 88 when the columns 70 and 72 extend circumferentially to press the edge 90.
0114It is emphasized that the above description merely illustrates a non-limiting preferred embodiment of the present invention. Many modifications and equivalents can be used within the scope of the present invention.
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110 members in 11 offices
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2016172012
- Application
- 89112
Titles2
- Japanese
- 弁置換装置、弁置換装置のための送達装置、および弁置換装置の製造方法
- English
- Method for manufacturing valve replacement device, delivery device for valve replacement device, and valve replacement device
Classification
- CPC, 10
- A61F2/2412
- A61F2/2418
- A61F2/2415
- A61F2/2436
- A61F2002/9505
- A61F2220/0075
- A61F2230/001
- A61F2230/0013
- A61F2240/001
- A61F2250/0039
- IPC, 2
- A61F2 24
- A61F2 95