Hybrid vehicle
Abstract
Problem to be solved.To provide a hybrid vehicle capable of improving energy efficiency and preventing deterioration of running performance.
Solution.In a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy, at least a pair of left and right wheels are linked to both an engine drive system and a motor drive system. Further, when the wheel is over-rotated and slipped when the engine is driven, the motor connected to the wheel is regenerated to apply a brake to eliminate the slip of the wheel. The motor is provided so as to be rechargeable and driveable by the engine, and the wheels linked to the engine running drive system are provided so as to be able to shut off from the engine. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

Term
Projected expiry 13 January 2030.
- Priority and filed
- Published
- Today
- Projected expiry
20 claims: 8 independent, 12 dependent
- 1燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動モータとを備えたハイブリッド車両において、 少なくとも左右一対の車輪がエンジン駆動系とモータ駆動系の両方に連係するものであって、エンジン駆動の際、前記車輪が過回転スリップしたときに、当該車輪に接続されたモータを回生動作させてブレーキをかけることにより、車輪のスリップを解消するように設けられており、更に前記エンジンによりモータを充電駆動可能に設けるとともに、前記エンジン走行駆動系に連係する車輪を当該エンジンに対して遮断可能に設けたことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
- 2前記スリップによって不足する走行駆動力を、前記回生動作によって回収した電気エネルギーを用いて、他の車輪をモータ駆動することにより、補充することを特徴とする請求項1記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 3前記スリップによって低下した各輪による駆動力バランスを補償するように、前記モータ駆動力を配分したことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 4燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備えたハイブリッド車両において、 少なくともエンジン走行系の変速が行われる第1操作部と、電動機走行系の前進・後退の切り替えが行われる第2操作部とを備える変速装置を用いるものであって、 前記双方の操作部は、双方のレバー中立位置が連通して設けられており、 更に、前記双方の操作部に出入りする操作レバーを設けて、該操作レバーにより、エンジン走行系と、電動機走行系を択一的に切り替え操作するように構成されていることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
- 5前記連通するレバー中立位置における前記エンジン走行系のレバー中立位置と、前記電動機走行系のレバー中立位置との間に、前記操作レバーが通過することによりスイッチの切り替えが行われるシーソースイッチを設けたことを特徴とする請求項4記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 6前記操作レバーには、エンジン始動用のスイッチが設けられていることを特徴とする請求項4又は5記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 7前記エンジン走行系にはクラッチが設けられており、前記操作レバーが前記第1操作部から前記第2操作部に移行して前記シーソースイッチを切り替えると、エンジンが停止するとともに前記クラッチが開状態に固定され、また、前記操作レバーが前記第2操作部から前記第1操作部に移行して前記シーソースイッチを切り替えると、前記クラッチの開状態の固定が解除されることを特徴とする請求項5記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 8前記操作レバーが前記第2操作部から前記第1操作部に移行する際に、エンジンが始動していないときは、前記シーソースイッチが固定状態にあって、前記操作レバーを前記第1操作部に移行することができないように設けられていることを特徴とする請求項7記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 9前記エンジン走行系にはクラッチが設けられており、前記クラッチが開状態になると前記電動機がOFFになることを特徴とする請求項4記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 10前記エンジン走行系には半自動変速装置或いは全自動変速装置が設けられており、前記クラッチが開状態になってもアクセルペダルの操作により前記電動機が動作することを特徴とする請求項4記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 11燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備えたハイブリッド車両において、 従動輪に接続される車輪速センサと、 前記車輪速センサから出力される信号で車体速度を演算し、前記電動機の回転数から駆動輪の車輪速度を演算し、更に、予め設定した電動機出力制御開始速度及び電動機回生制御開始速度をしきい値として、前記電動機の出力を制御する演算部と、を備えたことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
- 12燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備えたハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法において、 前記車両は、従動輪に接続される車輪速センサと、前記車輪速センサから出力される信号で車体速度を演算し、前記電動機の回転数から駆動輪の車輪速度を演算し、更に、予め設定した電動機出力制御開始速度及び電動機回生制御開始速度をしきい値として、前記電動機の出力を制御する演算部と、を備え、 運転者の操作により前記エンジンのスロットルが開となったときに、前記電動機の出力制御を開始し、更に、前記演算された車体推定速度と前記駆動輪の車輪速度とを比較して、駆動輪が空転していると判断したときに、該駆動輪を駆動している電動機の出力を制御することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法。
- 13前記車両に、予め設定したエンジン制御開始速度及びブレーキ制御開始速度をしきい値として、前記エンジンの出力を制御するスロットル制御装置と、前記運転者の操作によるスロットルの上流側に前記スロットル制御装置により制御される第2スロットルとを設け、 更に、前記演算された車体推定速度と前記駆動輪の車輪速度とを比較して、駆動輪が空転していると判断したときであって且つ、駆動輪の車輪速度が前記エンジン制御開始速度又はブレーキ制御開始速度を越えているときに、前記第2スロットルの制御又は駆動輪のブレーキ制御を行うことを特徴とする請求項12記載のハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法。
- 14前記電動機出力制御開始速度、電動機回生制御開始速度、エンジン制御開始速度及びブレーキ制御開始速度が、順次、高速となる側に設けられていることを特徴とする請求項13記載のハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法。
- 15燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備えたハイブリッド車両において、 車両の横方向加速度を検出するヨーセンサと、 予め設定した電動機出力制御開始ヨーセンサ出力並びに電動機回生制御開始ヨーセンサ出力をそれぞれしきい値として、前記電動機の出力を制御する演算部と、を備えたことを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
- 16燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備えたハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法において、 前記車両は、車両の横方向加速度を検出するヨーセンサと、予め設定した電動機出力制御開始ヨーセンサ出力並びに電動機回生制御開始ヨーセンサ出力をそれぞれしきい値として、前記電動機の出力を制御する演算部と、を備え、 運転者の操作により前記エンジンのスロットルが開となったときに、前記電動機の出力制御を開始し、更に、前記しきい値を超えたときに、駆動輪を駆動している電動機の出力を制御することを特徴とするハイブリッド車両の走行制御方法。
- 17燃料を燃焼して作動するエンジンと、電気エネルギーで作動する電動機とを備え、エンジンと変速機との間にクラッチを配置したハイブリッド車両において、 前記クラッチに連ねてワンウエイクラッチを配置し、 前記ワンウエイクラッチは、エンジントルクを駆動方向にのみ伝達するものであることを特徴とするハイブリッド車両。
- 18駆動輪の軸はCVジョイント及びCVジョイントハウジングに連係し、更に前記CVジョイントハウジングに動力伝達ギアを取付け、前記電動機からの駆動力を前記動力伝達ギアを経由して前記駆動輪に伝達することを特徴とする請求項17記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 19前記動力伝達ギアと前記電動機との間に中間ギアを介在させて、電動機の回転数を減速させるようにしたことを特徴とする請求項18記載のハイブリッド車両。
- 20前記ワンウエイクラッチの下流側にパーキングギアを設けるとともに、このパーキングギアに係合・離脱する爪を備えたパーキング機構を有することを特徴とする請求項17記載のハイブリッド車両。
Independent claims20
197 paragraphs, as filed
The present invention aims to improve running efficiency and performance of a hybrid vehicle equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor to improve energy utilization efficiency.
In recent years, a hybrid vehicle that reduces carbon dioxide emissions and is practical has attracted attention.
That is, the internal combustion engine conventionally used for vehicles such as passenger cars is used in a wide range of loads and rotation speeds, so that the overall efficiency is low, and if the vehicle itself is temporarily stopped, the vehicle Normally, the engine is often left in an idling state without being stopped for reasons such as promptly starting the engine and saving the trouble of restarting the engine. The fuel consumption during idling and the exhaust gas resulting from this are problems that cannot be ignored from the viewpoint of environmental maintenance and energy saving. In particular, this tendency is being promoted in urban areas in Japan where traffic congestion is likely to occur.
Further, when the traveling speed is changed significantly, that is, when the vehicle starts suddenly or when the vehicle suddenly accelerates from a relatively low speed traveling state, the engine efficiency tends to decrease and the fuel consumption tends to deteriorate.
Therefore, in recent years, a hybrid (composite) system that inherits and develops a drive system that mixes different types of power used in aircraft, ships, and the like has been attracting attention.
This driving system is equipped with a conventional internal combustion engine and an electric motor, which is a clean power source, in the vehicle, and depending on the driving conditions, maximize the advantages of both and make up for the disadvantages. It is configured in.
Further, a series hybrid using these two drive sources in series and a parallel hybrid using these two drive sources in parallel have been proposed.
Further, for example, a hybrid system having a distribution mechanism capable of arbitrarily variably distributing the engine output to two systems using a planetary gear mechanism has also been proposed.
When operating the engine, this system always operates the engine in the best condition of the engine efficiency, that is, the fuel efficiency, and depending on the driving situation, if the engine output is excessive, the surplus output of the engine is generated. , The electric motor is used as a generator to convert it into electrical energy, recover it, and store it in the battery. On the other hand, when the engine output is insufficient, the insufficient driving force is compensated by the electric motor. It was done.
However, the production of this planetary gear mechanism is expensive because it requires high precision, and the driving force required depending on the driving situation is always the driving force of the engine and the recovery or additional driving force of the motor. It is balanced, and various types of control, especially motor control, become complicated.
Further, in a conventional engine vehicle, the driving wheels are controlled to the optimum driving force according to the road surface condition so that the driving wheels do not slip (slip) due to a rough road or the like and the vehicle does not become unstable. Traction (traction) and control with improved grip performance are widely used.
That is, when the vehicle is traveling on a slippery road surface such as a snowy road or an icy road, the drive wheels slip, and depending on the degree of slip and the traveling posture, traveling control may become impossible or the vehicle may travel. It will be impossible. This tendency is particularly promoted when the vehicle starts or accelerates or makes a sharp turn.
For example, feedback control for reducing the throttle valve opening is performed based on the slip ratio of the drive wheels, and the driving force of the vehicle is appropriately controlled by braking control of the drive wheels to slip the drive wheels. Is being reduced.
However, as described above, in the traction control by the mechanical configuration, the response delay occurs, and it cannot be said that the control is sufficient.
Further, when the driving wheels are brake-controlled, it cannot be said that the energy efficiency is good. That is, the kinetic energy that is diminished by braking the drive wheels is completely lost. Furthermore, similarly, when a wheel slips, these slip-eliminating actions restore the grip (grasp) state of that wheel to normal, but the total running driving force of all the driving wheels is In addition to being less than before, the drive balance is also unbalanced, which reduces the running performance of the vehicle even if the running control is not lost.
<p><patcit num="1"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 04-322106</text></patcit><patcit num="2"><text>Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 09-046965</text></patcit><patcit num="3"><text>Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-203429</text></patcit><patcit num="4"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-073161</text></patcit><patcit num="5"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 09-317515</text></patcit><patcit num="6"><text>Jikkenhei 01-150401 Gazette</text></patcit><patcit num="7"><text>Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 63-195033</text></patcit><patcit num="8"><text>Jikkenhei 01-065453</text></patcit></p>
<p> Therefore, the first invention of the present application aims to provide a hybrid vehicle capable of improving energy efficiency and preventing deterioration of running performance in order to eliminate the operation when slip occurs.</p><p> In this type of hybrid vehicle, it is possible to travel in three types of traveling patterns: traveling with only the engine, traveling with only the electric motor, and traveling with the engine and the electric motor in combination.</p><p> Then, in a conventional hybrid vehicle, an electric motor is arranged between the clutch and the transmission on the engine side or between the engine and the clutch, and the resultant force of the outputs of the engine and the electric motor is transmitted to the drive wheels via the transmission. It is common to rotate it.</p><p> Therefore, the operation of the transmission and the clutch is common to both the engine and the electric motor, and there is little risk of erroneous operation.</p><p> Recently, hybrid vehicles have been developed in which the drive system by an electric motor adopts a different transmission path. That is, the drive system by the engine is connected to the drive wheels via a clutch, a transmission, or the like, but the drive system by the electric motor is connected to the engine drive system from the middle or is directly connected to the drive wheels.</p><p> In such a hybrid vehicle that is a drive system by an electric motor and is connected to the drive wheels via another reduction gear, the operation (forward, backward, selection of gear ratio, etc.) is performed only by the engine. Since traveling with an engine and an electric motor is different from traveling with an electric motor alone, two types of operation systems may be required, and these operation systems may be mistaken for erroneous operation.</p><p> Therefore, the second invention of the present application is to obtain a hybrid vehicle capable of rationally, for example, operating the engine and the electric motor (forward, backward, selection of gear ratio, etc.) without erroneous operation. It is an object.</p><p> By the way, a conventional engine-equipped vehicle uses a so-called traction control system (hereinafter, TCS) in order to deal with a case where the drive wheels slip for some reason such as a sudden start on a low friction coefficient road or a rough road. It controls idling.</p><p> This TCS determines that the drive wheels are idling due to a sudden increase in the drive wheel speed with respect to the vehicle body speed estimated from the driven wheel speed, front-rear acceleration, etc., and this drive wheel is idling. Is controlled by engine output control and brake control.</p><p> Specifically, in the engine control system, in addition to the throttle corresponding to the driver's accelerator operation (hereinafter, the first throttle), the throttle operated based on the result determined by the calculation unit (hereinafter, the second throttle). ) Is provided. This second throttle is activated when the speed of the drive wheels exceeds the engine control set speed determined by the speed difference from the vehicle body speed or the like.</p><p> Further, in the control system by the brake, in addition to the foot brake operated by the driver, a brake operated based on the result determined by the calculation unit (hereinafter referred to as the second brake) is provided. This second brake is activated when the brake control set speed set separately from the engine control set speed is exceeded.</p><p> Then, when the driver opens the first throttle and the drive wheels slip, and the speed of the drive wheels exceeds the engine control set speed, the calculation unit determines that the drive wheels are idling. , The second throttle throttles the engine output, slows down the drive wheel speed, and ends idling.</p><p> When the slip of the drive wheels is large, that is, when the drive wheel speed exceeds the engine control set speed and the brake control set speed, the brake fluid pressure of the drive wheels is increased to control the drive wheels (second brake). Operation) is performed.</p><p> In addition to the control using the second throttle, a method of controlling by the calculation unit by making the throttle by wire and a method of controlling the fuel injection amount are also performed.</p><p> Also, in recent years, it is called vehicle stability control (hereinafter referred to as VSC), which detects the lateral acceleration (yaw rate) of the vehicle during steering and turning, and suppresses the speed in the same manner as the traction control before the vehicle spins. There is also a function to control the stability of the vehicle by changing the torque to the drive wheels on the left and right or by applying braking. It is also considered to use the above-mentioned TCS and VSC in the hybrid vehicle. When controlling the output of an engine using this TCS or VSC, there is a disadvantage that it takes time for the output to actually react due to factors such as inertia even after the control is applied to the throttle and fuel injection. Therefore, before using the conventional TCS or VSC, it is desired to control the idling of the drive wheels and control the spin prevention by using an electric motor.</p><p> In particular, in the control by the brake in TCS, the reaction speed to the control is faster than the engine control, but if the situation where the brake control set speed is reached continuously is performed, the brake becomes hot and may fall into a fade state. Conceivable. In other words, energy is wasted as heat, and there is a risk that sufficient braking force cannot be obtained, so the amount used is also limited.</p><p> Therefore, the third invention of the present application is to control the idling of the drive wheels or prevent spin by using an electric motor, using both the electric motor and TCS or VSC, or using an electric motor prior to TCS or VSC. It is an object of the present invention to provide a hybrid vehicle capable of improving energy efficiency and preventing deterioration of driving performance and a driving control method thereof.</p><p> As described above, this type of hybrid vehicle generally has three types of running patterns: running with only an engine, running with only an electric motor, and running with both an engine and an electric motor.</p><p> In the running by the engine, the rotation of the engine is transmitted to the transmission via the clutch, and the drive wheels are rotationally driven by the rotational force converted by the transmission, and the running by the electric motor is carried out only by the electric motor. Not only when traveling but also when used in combination with an engine, the current value of the electric motor is increased to increase the rotational torque according to the amount by which the driver depresses the accelerator pedal, that is, the accelerator opening.</p><p> The manual transmission of a conventional hybrid vehicle generally uses the manual transmission of a normal engine vehicle.</p><p> In such a hybrid vehicle, when the vehicle is driven by an engine (including the combined use of an electric motor), for example, when traveling on a long downhill without driving the engine, the engine brake is normally activated. It has become. Therefore, part of the kinetic energy of the vehicle is lost as mechanical loss of the engine.</p><p> Therefore, the fourth invention of the present application aims to obtain a hybrid vehicle capable of avoiding such a loss of kinetic energy.</p><p> Further, in the conventional hybrid vehicle, the power transmission of the electric motor is usually performed on the upstream side of the clutch, so to speak, the power transmission is performed via the differential. Therefore, it is necessary to secure an installation space for the electric motor, and a certain number of component parts is required.</p><p> Therefore, the fourth invention of the present application obtains a hybrid vehicle in which the power transmission of the electric motor is performed in the vicinity of the drive wheels without using a differential, and the installation space of the electric motor can be saved and the number of component parts can be reduced. The purpose is.</p>
<p> The first invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy.</p><p> At least a pair of left and right wheels are linked to both the engine drive system and the motor drive system, and when the wheels slip over-rotate during engine drive, the motor connected to the wheels is regenerated. It is a hybrid vehicle that is provided to eliminate wheel slippage by applying the brakes.</p><p> With this configuration, when the running wheel driven by the engine over-rotates and slips during engine running, the motor connected to the running wheel is regeneratively operated, so that the slip of the running wheel can be eliminated. A deceleration action is performed.</p><p> Further, since this operation is an operation of an electric electric motor, it is excellent in quick response and can be reliably dealt with, so that slip can be eliminated reliably and quickly. Therefore, in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.</p><p> Further, the first invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration in which the traveling driving force deficient due to the slip is replenished by driving other wheels with a motor by using the electric energy recovered by the regenerative operation.</p><p> In this way, the recovered electric energy is used to drive the motors of other drive wheels to replenish the driving force lost due to slipping, so that the energy efficiency of the hybrid vehicle can be improved. It is not necessary to reduce the running ability. That is, in addition to simply eliminating the slip, it is possible to drive the other traveling wheels with a motor so as to avoid traveling instability due to the occurrence of the slip.</p><p> Further, the first invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration in which the motor driving force is distributed so as to compensate for the driving force balance of each wheel lowered by the slip.</p><p> In this way, the motor-driven traveling wheels are selected and the outputs of the motor driving forces of the plurality of traveling wheels are adjusted according to the ground contact load balance depending on the vehicle mounting condition and the traveling condition when slip occurs. Therefore, by redistributing the traveling driving force, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the traveling balance.</p><p> Further, in the first invention of the present application, in the first to third aspects of the present invention, the motor is provided so as to be chargeable and driveable by the engine, and the wheels linked to the engine running drive system are provided so as to be cut off from the engine. It is a hybrid vehicle of.</p><p> With this configuration, it is possible to charge the vehicle using the engine when the battery needs to be charged at all times regardless of the running state of the vehicle.</p><p> That is, when the vehicle is stopped, only the motor can be charged and driven by the engine to charge the battery without running the vehicle by the shutoff operation.</p><p> In addition, even when only the motor is originally driven, charging by such engine drive is possible, and the other electric motor system that is driven by running is cut off from the engine / charging motor system. Since these two can be made independent without interfering with each other, it is possible to fully exert their respective operation functions.</p><p> Furthermore, when charging in this way, it is possible to drive under the optimum conditions for these engines, motors, and batteries, that is, charging in consideration of the fuel consumption rate of the engine, the power generation rate of the motor, the charge rate of the battery, and the like. Therefore, it is possible to improve the charging efficiency.</p><p> As described above, according to the first invention of the present application, it is possible to improve the running stability as a vehicle, the mileage, and the like even on a rough road, and to obtain an overall high-performance hybrid vehicle.</p><p> According to the second invention of the present application, in a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy, at least the first operation unit in which the engine traveling system is changed and the electric motor traveling system is advanced. -A transmission device including a second operation unit for switching backward is used, and both operation units are provided with both lever neutral positions communicating with each other, and further, both operations are performed. It is a hybrid vehicle configured to be provided with an operation lever that goes in and out of a section, and the operation lever is used to selectively switch between an engine traveling system and an electric motor traveling system.</p><p> In this way, the operation lever is used to selectively switch between the engine running system and the electric motor running system. Therefore, even though one of the engine running system and the electric motor running system is being operated, the other is also operated. It is possible to avoid erroneous operations such as operating.</p><p> Further, in the second invention of the present application, the switch can be switched by passing the operation lever between the lever neutral position of the engine traveling system and the lever neutral position of the electric motor traveling system in the communicating lever neutral position. It is a hybrid vehicle equipped with a seesaw switch to be performed.</p><p> By providing the seesaw switch in this way, the switch is not switched unless the operation lever passes through it, so that the alternative switching between the engine traveling system and the electric motor traveling system can be performed more reliably.</p><p> The second invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle in which the operation lever is provided with a switch for starting an engine.</p><p> When the engine traveling system and the electric motor traveling system are selectively switched by one operation lever, if the operation lever is provided with a switch for starting the engine, the transition to the engine traveling system is performed. And the engine start operation can be performed in conjunction with each other, so that the operation is easy and rational without waste.</p><p> Further, in the second invention of the present application, the engine traveling system is provided with a clutch, and when the operation lever shifts from the first operation unit to the second operation unit and switches the seesaw switch, the engine stops. When the clutch is fixed in the open state and the operation lever shifts from the second operation unit to the first operation unit to switch the seesaw switch, the clutch in the open state is released. It is a hybrid vehicle with a configuration.</p><p> In the case of manual shifting provided with a clutch, it is necessary to open the clutch when shifting from the engine traveling system to the electric motor traveling system. As in this claim, by switching the seesaw switch, the engine is stopped and the clutch is fixed in the open state, so that the driver does not have to separately operate the clutch in the open state, which is convenient. In addition, when shifting from the electric motor running system to the engine running system, if the seesaw switch is switched in the reverse operation, the clutch in the open state is released from being fixed. In this case as well, the driver separately releases the clutch from being fixed. It is convenient because you do not have to operate it.</p><p> Further, in the second invention of the present application, when the operation lever shifts from the second operation unit to the first operation unit, when the engine is not started, the seesaw switch is in the fixed state and the operation is performed. It is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration so that the lever cannot be transferred to the first operation unit.</p><p> In this way, when the operating lever shifts from the second operating section to the first operating section, that is, when shifting from the electric motor traveling system to the engine traveling system, if the engine is not started, the seesaw switch is in a fixed state. Since the operation lever is provided so that it cannot be transferred to the first operation unit, the transfer of the operation lever to the first operation unit, which is premised on the operating state while the engine is not operating, is avoided, which is safe. The sex can be guaranteed.</p><p> Further, the second invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration in which a clutch is provided in the engine traveling system and the electric motor is turned off when the clutch is opened.</p><p> In the case of a manual transmission equipped with a clutch in the shifting operation in the first operation unit where the shifting of the engine running system is performed, when the driver depresses the accelerator pedal while depressing the clutch pedal, the drive is driven from the electric motor. If the vehicle is accelerated by force, it will be different from the operability of a normal automobile and a danger will occur. Therefore, even if the driver depresses the accelerator pedal while depressing the clutch pedal, the electric motor is turned off to maintain the operability of a normal automobile.</p><p> Further, the second invention of the present application is a hybrid in which the engine traveling system is provided with a semi-automatic transmission or a fully automatic transmission, and the electric motor is operated by operating the accelerator pedal even when the clutch is in the open state. It is a vehicle.</p><p> In the case of a semi-automatic transmission, there is no clutch pedal operated by the driver, and the clutch is automatically disengaged and engaged by the driver operating the operating lever. Further, also in the case of the automatic transmission, there is no clutch pedal operated by the driver, and the shift operation is automatically performed according to the accelerator operation and speed of the driver. In these cases, the electric motor can be operated by the accelerator pedal even while the clutch operation and the shifting operation are automatically performed, and the driving force of the electric motor can be continuously applied to the vehicle even during the shifting. Therefore, it is possible to maintain running according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal.</p><p> As described above, according to the second invention of the present application, since the engine traveling system and the electric motor traveling system are selectively switched and operated, erroneous operation can be avoided, thereby further improving safety. It is possible to provide a hybrid vehicle that can be used.</p><p> The third invention of the present application is a wheel speed sensor connected to a driven wheel and a signal output from the wheel speed sensor in a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy. Calculates the vehicle body speed with, calculates the wheel speed of the drive wheel from the number of rotations of the electric motor, and further controls the output of the electric motor with the preset electric motor output control start speed and electric motor regeneration control start speed as threshold values. It is a hybrid vehicle equipped with a calculation unit.</p><p> Further, the third invention of the present application is a method of running control of a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy, wherein the vehicle is a wheel speed sensor connected to a driving wheel. , The vehicle body speed is calculated from the signal output from the wheel speed sensor, the wheel speed of the drive wheels is calculated from the rotation speed of the electric motor, and the preset electric motor output control start speed and electric motor regeneration control start speed are obtained. As a threshold value, a calculation unit for controlling the output of the electric motor is provided, and when the throttle of the engine is opened by the operation of the driver, the output control of the electric motor is started, and the calculation is further performed. A driving control method for a hybrid vehicle that controls the output of the electric motor driving the drive wheels when it is determined that the drive wheels are idling by comparing the estimated vehicle body speed with the wheel speeds of the drive wheels. is there.</p><p> According to these inventions, when the drive wheels slip beyond a predetermined speed when the electric motor is running or when both the electric motor and the engine are used, the power running (rotational output control) of the electric motor connected to the drive wheels. Is controlled to stop or regenerate the electric motor, so that a deceleration action is performed to eliminate the idling (slip) of the drive wheels.</p><p> Since the output and load of the electric motor can be obtained from the number of revolutions and the input electric power, the prediction system is high and the accuracy of control can be improved.</p><p> Further, even if the driving force is continuously controlled, there is no negative factor such as heat generation, so that the control can be performed stably.</p><p> Further, when electric power regeneration is used, excess energy can be recovered, so that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.</p><p> As described above, since the operation in the present invention is the operation of the electric electric motor, it is excellent in quick response, and it is possible to take a reliable response, and it is possible to eliminate the idling reliably and quickly. Therefore, even in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.</p><p> Further, the third invention of the present application is a throttle control device for controlling the output of the engine and a throttle operated by the driver, using preset engine control start speed and brake control start speed as thresholds for the vehicle. A second throttle controlled by the throttle control device is provided on the upstream side, and further, the calculated vehicle body estimated speed is compared with the wheel speed of the drive wheels, and it is determined that the drive wheels are idling. In a traveling control method for a hybrid vehicle that controls the second throttle or brakes of the drive wheels when the wheel speed of the drive wheels exceeds the engine control start speed or the brake control start speed. is there.</p><p> Since the present invention is further configured by adding TCS, slip control can be performed more reliably, and the advantages of both controls can be used as appropriate, which is convenient.</p><p> The third invention of the present application is a traveling control method for a hybrid vehicle provided on the side where the electric motor output control start speed, the electric motor regeneration control start speed, the engine control start speed, and the brake control start speed are sequentially increased. is there.</p><p> In this way, the motor output control start speed, the motor regeneration control start speed, the engine control start speed, and the brake control start speed are sequentially provided on the side where the speed becomes higher. Therefore, the drive wheels are used by using the motor prior to TCS. The idling control is performed, the energy efficiency is further improved, and the deterioration of the running performance can be prevented.</p><p> Further, the third invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy, a yaw sensor for detecting the lateral acceleration of the vehicle, and a preset electric motor output control start. This is a hybrid vehicle including a yaw sensor output and a calculation unit that controls the output of the electric motor with the yaw sensor output and the motor regenerative control start yaw sensor output as threshold values.</p><p> Further, the third invention of the present application is a traveling control method of a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy, wherein the vehicle is a yaw sensor for detecting lateral acceleration of the vehicle. , A calculation unit that controls the output of the motor with the preset motor output control start yaw sensor output and the motor regeneration control start yaw sensor output as threshold values, and the throttle of the engine is opened by the operation of the driver. This is a traveling control method for a hybrid vehicle in which the output control of the electric motor is started when the power is reached, and the output of the electric motor driving the drive wheels is controlled when the threshold value is exceeded.</p><p> According to these inventions, when the vehicle travels beyond a predetermined turning acceleration during traveling with an electric motor or traveling with both an electric motor and an engine, power running (rotational output control) of the electric motor connected to the drive wheels. Is controlled to stop or regenerate the electric motor, so that a deceleration action is performed to prevent the spin of the drive wheels.</p><p> Since the operation in the third invention of the present application is the operation of an electric electric motor, it is excellent in quick response, enables reliable response, and can reliably and promptly prevent spin. Therefore, even in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.</p><p> As described above, according to the third invention of the present application, the running stability as a vehicle, the mileage, and the like can be improved even when the vehicle starts suddenly on a low friction coefficient road, on a rough road, or even when turning. , It is possible to obtain a hybrid vehicle having a high overall performance and a driving control method thereof.</p><p> According to the fourth invention of the present application, in a hybrid vehicle including an engine operated by burning fuel and an electric motor operated by electric energy and a clutch arranged between the engine and a transmission, a one-way clutch is connected to the clutch. The one-way clutch is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration in which the engine torque is transmitted only in the driving direction.</p><p> In this way, when a one-way clutch that transmits engine torque only in the driving direction is provided, the path that transmits the rotation of the wheels to the engine is blocked by this one-way clutch, so that the kinetic energy of the vehicle is transferred to the regenerative braking function of the electric motor. As a result, the kinetic energy is not lost as the mechanical loss of the engine as in the conventional case, and as a result, the energy efficiency can be improved.</p><p> Further, in the fourth invention of the present application, the shaft of the drive wheel is linked to the CV joint (constant velocity joint) and the CV joint housing (constant velocity joint housing), and further, a power transmission gear is attached to the CV joint housing, and the electric motor is used. It is a hybrid vehicle having a configuration in which driving force is transmitted to the driving wheels via the power transmission gear.</p><p> By using the CV joint housing as the transmission path from the electric motor in this way, the motor torque can be transmitted to the drive shaft in the shortest possible distance, and the degree of freedom in the installation location of the electric motor is increased. Therefore, since the power transmission of the electric motor can be performed in the vicinity of the drive wheels without performing the power transmission via the differential, it is possible to save the installation space of the electric motor and reduce the number of component parts. Further, since the rotations of the electric motor and the wheels correspond one-to-one, the rotation control of the wheels (for example, ABS, TCS, etc.) by the electric motor attached to each wheel becomes easy.</p><p> Further, the fourth invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle in which an intermediate gear is interposed between the power transmission gear and the electric motor to reduce the rotation speed of the electric motor.</p><p> Since the rotation speed of the electric motor is usually higher than that of the wheels, it is preferable to provide a reduction mechanism as in the present invention.</p><p> Further, the fourth invention of the present application is a hybrid vehicle having a parking gear provided on the downstream side of the one-way clutch and a parking mechanism provided with claws for engaging and disengaging the parking gear. When the one-way clutch is provided as described above, the function of ensuring the stop of the vehicle at the time of parking is reduced, but as in the present invention, a parking gear is provided and a parking mechanism having a claw that engages and disengages the parking gear. When the parking gear is fixed with the claws, the rotation of the shaft and the wheels connected to the shaft is prevented, so that the function of the parking brake can be achieved.</p>
<figref num="1">It is a top view which shows the schematic whole structure of the electric four-wheeled vehicle which is an example of a hybrid vehicle which concerns on 1st specific example of the 1st invention of this application.</figref><figref num="2">It is a top view which shows the control state at the time of slip occurrence by the 1st specific example of the 1st invention of this application.</figref><figref num="3">It is a top view which shows the schematic whole structure of the electric four-wheeled vehicle which is an example of a hybrid vehicle which concerns on 2nd specific example of 1st invention of this application.</figref><figref num="4">It is a top view which shows the schematic whole structure of the electric four-wheeled vehicle which is an example of a hybrid vehicle which concerns on 3rd specific example of 1st invention of this application.</figref><figref num="5">FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hybrid vehicle according to a specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="6">It is a figure which shows the basic operation of the traveling control in a HEV mode according to the specific example of the 2nd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="7">It is a figure which shows the basic operation of the traveling control in a HEV mode according to the specific example of the 2nd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="8">It is a figure which shows the basic operation of the traveling control in an EV mode according to the specific example of the 2nd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="9">It is a figure which shows the basic operation of the regenerative control in a HEV mode and an EV mode according to the specific example of the 2nd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="10">FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission according to a specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="11">FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission according to a specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="12">FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission according to a specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="13">FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission according to a specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="14">FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a transmission according to another specific example of the second invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="15">FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hybrid vehicle according to a first specific example of the third invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="16">It is a figure which shows the basic operation principle of the traveling control with respect to the 1st specific example of the 3rd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="17">It is a figure which shows the operation principle which combined the conventional TCS with the traveling control of this invention with respect to the 2nd specific example of the 3rd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="18">It is a figure which shows the basic operation principle of the traveling control with respect to the 3rd specific example of the 3rd invention of this application.</figref><figref num="19">FIG. 5 is a block diagram of a hybrid vehicle according to a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="20">It is a conceptual block diagram which mainly shows the transmission component part in relation to the specific example of the 4th invention of this application.</figref><figref num="21">FIG. 5 is a detailed cross-sectional view showing a transmission component according to a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="22">It is a detailed vertical cross section showing a transmission component, according to a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="23">FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a clutch and a one-way clutch portion according to a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application.</figref><figref num="24">It is a conceptual block diagram which shows the parking mechanism.</figref><figref num="25">FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a CV joint portion according to a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application.</figref>
Hereinafter, a first specific example of the first invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
As shown in FIG. 1, the hybrid vehicle 1 of this specific example has traveling wheels suspended on the main frame of the vehicle body in front of and behind the vehicle body (not shown), similarly to a four-wheeled vehicle which is a form of a general vehicle. It is equipped with (front wheels 4 and rear wheels 5), and the front wheels 4 are steered by a steering wheel by the driver to rotate and drive the rear wheels 5, and as a driving source thereof, the engine is driven by a conventional internal combustion engine 7. The system and the electric drive system by the electric motors 12 and 13 are mounted, and the hybrid system controller 11 (hereinafter referred to as a controller) switches or operates the system in cooperation with each other.
That is, basically, the electric motors 12 and 13 are the main drive sources when the vehicle starts and the vehicle is running at a low speed, and the engine 7 is the main drive source when the vehicle is cruising stably.
Further, the controller 11 selects either of the electric motors 12, 13 or the engine 7 as the main drive source, and performs a gear change operation according to the vehicle speed in the case of engine drive.
Then, in the hybrid vehicle 1 of this example, the rotation state of each wheel is monitored while the engine 7 is running, and if a tire slip occurs due to over-rotation of a certain wheel, the rotation speed of that wheel is reduced. , The slip is eliminated, the reduced rotational drive energy is recovered by regenerative power generation, and the recovered electric energy is used to compensate for the running driving force reduced by tire slip by driving other wheels. I have to.
That is, this engine drive system includes an internal combustion engine 7 mounted at the rear position of the main frame of the vehicle body, a transmission 8 connected to the output shaft of the engine 7 via a one-way clutch, and this transmission. It is composed of a rear wheel shaft and a rear wheel 5 connected to the speed change output shaft of 8, and around the engine 7, a fuel tank 9 for supplying fuel to the engine 7, a fuel pump and piping (not shown), and engine cooling are provided. Engine accessories such as equipment are arranged.
Further, the electric drive system is composed of electric motors 12 and 13 individually provided for each wheel and a battery 14 for supplying electric energy to each electric motor 12 and 13, and the flow of this electric energy is controlled by a controller. Controlled by 11.
DC brushless motors with excellent durability and reliability are used for each of the electric motors 12 and 13, and they are provided so as to be directly connected to the axles of each traveling wheel or to be mechanically connected to each other via a reduction gear. ing.
In addition, each of the electric motors 12 and 13 has a high output performance equivalent to that of a single motor mounted on a normal hybrid vehicle, and as will be described later, a certain wheel is used. Even if it slips, there is enough room to compensate for the driving force.
Further, the electric motors 12 and 13 operate as a generator by absorbing the external driving force, a drive mode in which the driving force is output to the outside, a free run mode in which the driving force is not output, and the operation modes thereof. It has a regeneration mode.
That is, the drive mode is the output operation of a general electric motor, and outputs the rotational torque corresponding to the supplied drive power to the outside.
Further, in the free run mode, no driving power is supplied to the motors 12 and 13, and the motor is in the free run state, or the motor itself is supplied with enough power to maintain the rotation speed immediately before that. In any case, it is controlled so as not to output the driving force to the outside.
Further, the regenerative mode is a power generation operation similar to that of a general generator, converts kinetic energy into electric energy, and outputs electric power corresponding to an external driving force. That is, in this regenerative mode, by controlling the amount of power generated from the motors 12 and 13, the driving force absorbed from the outside, that is, from the axles / wheels 4 and 5 to which the motors 12 and 13 are connected. Can be adjusted so that the rotational speeds of the wheels 4 and 5 can be arbitrarily reduced.
Further, although not shown, each of the wheels 4 and 5 is individually provided with a dedicated rotation speed sensor, and these are constantly monitored by monitoring the rotation speed of each of the wheels 4 and 5. It is possible to determine whether or not the wheel has slipped over-rotation.
That is, these rotation speed sensors are electrically connected to the controller 11, and the rotation speed of a certain wheel directly senses the movement speed of the road surface with respect to the vehicle body or from the average rotation speed of all the wheels. Even if the proper number of revolutions calculated from the above is significantly different, it is determined that the wheel is slipping due to over-rotation.
When the hybrid vehicle 1 having such a configuration is in a low speed region including when the hybrid vehicle 1 starts, the vehicle is driven only by the electric drive system, and the speed is relatively high. When the vehicle is in the speed range, only the engine drive system is driven, and when the vehicle accelerates further in this high speed range, an electric drive system is added to the engine drive system to assist. I have to.
Next, the operation peculiar to the hybrid vehicle 1 of this example will be described.
When a hybrid vehicle is running on an engine drive, when the engine-driven wheel slips over-rotating, the slip of this wheel is eliminated, and the driving force insufficient due to the slip of this wheel is reduced to other wheels. Is compensated by driving the motor.
This is because, as shown in FIG. 2, when it is determined that the engine-driven, for example, the left rear wheel 5 has slipped by the wheel slip detection described above, that is, a rotation speed higher than that of the other running wheels is detected. In this case, first, the rotation speed of the left rear wheel 5 is reduced until the slip of the left rear wheel 5 is eliminated.
That is, the electric motor 13 in the free run mode, which is arranged on the left rear wheel 5, operates in the regenerative mode, and the rotation speed of the left rear wheel 5 is reduced to the same level as the other traveling wheels. At the same time, the rotational kinetic energy of the left rear wheel 5 that is diminished is recovered as electrical energy.
Then, the electric energy recovered in this way is used to drive the motor of another wheel, for example, the front wheel 4 so as to compensate for the driving force lost due to the slip.
That is, the recovered power is stepped up to increase its voltage, and at the same time, the battery 14 is once charged, and at the same time, electric energy corresponding to this charge amount is connected from the battery 14 to the front wheels 4. It is supplied to the motor 12.
At this time, the driving force of the motor is controlled so that an appropriate driving force and an optimum running balance can be obtained for the entire vehicle according to the running condition when the slip occurs, and the vehicle runs even when the slip occurs. It is designed to maintain performance.
For example, in a general four-wheeled vehicle, when the vehicle is accelerated where slips are expected to occur frequently, the ground contact load balance moves to the rear of the vehicle, so that the drive balance is, for example, 20% in front and 80% in rear. That is, it is desirable that the driving force of the rear wheels is larger than that of the front wheels.
Further, even when the ground contact load balance fluctuates depending on the load state of the vehicle, it is desirable to optimize the drive balance by appropriately changing the drive balance for the same reason. For example, in a truck with a large loadable weight, each case from a fully loaded state to an empty load is taken into consideration, and in a light vehicle with a light vehicle weight, not only the load capacity but also the number of passengers increases or decreases. It is good to consider the case of doing.
Furthermore, when the vehicle is turning, the difference in rotation speed between the wheels inside and outside the turn is set appropriately for the purpose of avoiding oversteer and understeer, that is, eliminating the inability to obtain a turning radius according to the amount of steering by the driver. Alternatively, the torque distribution to each of the wheels 4 and 5 is set appropriately.
Therefore, by selecting a single motor or a plurality of motors so as to satisfy these conditions and appropriately controlling the output of each motor, the running performance can be maintained even when slip occurs.
In such a slip elimination operation of a certain wheel, the rotation speed of the wheel is adjusted to the average value of the rotation speeds of all the wheels described above by the rotation speed sensors provided on all the wheels, or the sensor. When it is confirmed that the aptitude value calculated from the ground speed detected by the above is almost the same, the value is released.
That is, when the rotation speed of the wheel falls within a range of, for example, about 10% from the average value or the appropriate value by the slip elimination operation, the slip elimination operation is released, and when it exceeds this, it is again. The slip elimination operation is repeated.
Therefore, for example, when a slip occurs due to a road surface condition such as a rough road, and then the hybrid vehicle moves to a good road surface and the slip disappears naturally, the slip as described above occurs. The elimination operation and the slip compensation operation are automatically canceled and return to the normal operation.
Further, when slip occurs, priority may be given to ensuring sufficient driving driving force, and control may be performed so as to increase the driving energy in a larger amount than the recovered electric energy by using the electric energy of the battery.
In this example, the configuration in which only the rear wheels are driven by the engine has been described, but the configuration in this example can also be applied to the configuration in which only the front wheels are driven and the configuration in which all the wheels are driven by the engine. Yes, and this can have a similar effect.
As described above, according to the hybrid vehicle of this example, when the running wheel driven by the engine over-rotates and slips during the running of the engine, the motor connected to the running wheel is regenerated. Since the deceleration action is performed to eliminate the slip of the traveling wheels and the rotational kinetic energy of the traveling wheels is recovered as electric energy, the energy efficiency of the hybrid vehicle can be improved.
Further, since this operation is an operation of an electric electric motor, it is excellent in quick response and can be reliably dealt with, so that slip can be eliminated reliably and quickly. Therefore, in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.
Further, since the driving force lost due to slip is compensated by driving the motors of other driving wheels by using the electric energy recovered in this way, it is not necessary to reduce the traveling ability. That is, in addition to simply eliminating the slip, it is possible to drive the other traveling wheels with a motor so as to avoid the traveling instability due to the occurrence of the slip.
In this case, the motor-driven traveling wheels are selected according to the ground contact load balance depending on the load state of the vehicle and the traveling conditions when slip occurs, and the output of each motor driving force of the plurality of traveling wheels is adjusted. By redistributing the traveling driving force, it is possible to prevent a decrease in the traveling balance.
As a result, even on rough roads, the running stability as a vehicle and the mileage can be improved, and an overall high-performance hybrid vehicle can be obtained.
Next, a second specific example of the first invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIG.
In the hybrid vehicle of this specific example, when charging is required such as when the remaining battery capacity is low, the hybrid vehicle can be charged by using the engine of the vehicle not only when the vehicle is running but also when the vehicle is stopped.
That is, as shown in FIG. 3, a third motor 15 is separately provided between the engine 7 and the transmission 8 configured in the same manner as in the first specific example.
This third motor 15 also serves as a starter cell motor necessary for starting the engine 7, eliminating the need for a starter cell motor, aiming not only for simplification but also for weight reduction and cost reduction. There is.
Further, like the motor connected to each wheel, the third motor 15 has a drive mode that outputs a driving force to the outside, a free run mode that does not output a driving force, and a generator as its operation modes. It has a charging mode that operates as a free-run mode, and is usually set to a free-run mode.
It should be noted that such a charging operation may be arbitrarily selected by the driver, may be automatically started by the controller 11, or both may be used in combination.
Therefore, since it is configured in this way, it is possible to charge the vehicle using the engine when the battery needs to be charged at all times regardless of the running state of the vehicle.
That is, when the engine is running, the motor added in this way can be used exclusively for charging, so that the slip elimination operation or the like by the motor connected to each of the other wheels can be sufficiently performed as described above.
In addition, when the vehicle is stopped, the clutch operation of the transmission cuts off the connection from the added motor to the rear wheel drive shaft, and the engine drives only the additional motor to generate electricity and charge the battery without running the vehicle. can do.
Furthermore, even when a vehicle that originally travels only with a motor is traveling at a low speed, not only is it possible to charge the vehicle by driving the engine, but also in this case, the electric motor of each wheel that drives the vehicle is driven. Since the system and the engine / charging motor system are disconnected by the clutch, they are independent without interfering with each other, and each of them can perform a sufficient operation function.
Then, when charging using the engine in this way, the driving under the optimum conditions for these engines, the charging motor, and the battery, that is, the fuel consumption rate of the engine, the power generation rate of the motor, the charging rate of the battery, etc. Since the charging operation can be performed by setting the combined optimum conditions, it is possible to improve the charging efficiency.
Further, a third specific example of the first invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIG.
The hybrid vehicle of the present specific example is a simplification of the hybrid vehicle of the second specific example to reduce the cost.
That is, as shown in FIG. 4, the electric motors 13 and 13 connected to the rear wheels 5 are reduced from the configuration of the second specific example described above.
As in the previous example, the third motor 15 of the hybrid vehicle of this example also serves as the starter cell motor required to start the engine 7, eliminating the need for the starter cell motor, which not only simplifies but also is lightweight. The cost can be reduced and the cost can be reduced.
Further, like the motor 12 connected to the front wheel 4, the third motor 15 has a drive mode that outputs a driving force to the outside, a free run mode that does not output a driving force, and power generation as its operation modes. It has a charging mode that operates as a machine, and is usually set to a free run mode.
It should be noted that such a charging operation may be arbitrarily selected by the driver, may be automatically started by the controller 11, or both may be used in combination.
Therefore, since it is configured in this way, it is possible to charge the vehicle using the engine when the battery needs to be charged at all times regardless of the running state of the vehicle.
Further, when the vehicle is stopped, the clutch operation of the transmission cuts off the connection from the motor to the rear wheel drive shaft, and the engine drives only the motor to charge the vehicle.
Further, even when the vehicle is originally traveling only by the motor, such as when the vehicle is traveling at a low speed, it is not only possible to charge the vehicle by driving the engine, but also in this case, the traveling drive is also possible. Since the electric motor system of each wheel and the engine / charging motor system are disconnected by the clutch, they are independent without interfering with each other, and each of them can perform a sufficient operation function.
Then, when charging using the engine in this way, the driving under the optimum conditions for these engines, the charging motor, and the battery, that is, the fuel consumption rate of the engine, the power generation rate of the motor, the charging rate of the battery, etc. Since the charging operation can be performed by setting the combined optimum conditions, it is possible to improve the charging efficiency.
Next, a specific example of the second invention of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIG. 5, the hybrid vehicle 21 of this specific example has traveling wheels (front wheels 22) suspended on the main frame of the vehicle body in front of and behind the vehicle body (not shown), similarly to a four-wheeled vehicle which is a form of a general vehicle. And the rear wheels 23), the front wheels 22 are steered by the steering wheel by the driver and run by rotating the front and rear wheels 22, 23 or the rear wheels 23, as a driving source of a conventional internal combustion engine. An engine drive system by E and an electric drive system by electric motors M and M are mounted, and a hybrid system controller 24 is provided which switches or operates them in cooperation with an operation lever described later.
A flywheel 25, a one-way clutch 26, and a transmission 27 are provided on the downstream side of the engine E, and an electric motor m for starting / charging the engine linked to the flywheel 25 is provided. Reference numeral B is a power storage device.
Similar to the previous example, engine accessories such as a fuel tank, a fuel pump, a pipe, and an engine cooling device for supplying fuel to the engine E are arranged around the engine E.
Further, the electric motors M for rotationally driving the front and rear wheels 22 and 23 are provided so that their rotational forces are driven and transmitted via the reduction gears 28 and 28, respectively.
In the hybrid vehicle 21 of this example, as its operation mode, the driving force of the engine E is output according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and the driving force of both the engine E and the electric motor M is output. It has an engine / electric motor combined driving mode and an electric motor driving mode that outputs the driving force of only the electric motor M.
The engine driving mode is a mode in which the throttle opening changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver to increase the torque of the engine E, and the engine / electric motor combined driving mode is the driving force of the engine E. The driving force of the electric motor M is also used at the same time, and it is a mode in which the current value of the electric motor is increased to increase the motor torque according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. Since the motor torque value in the combined driving mode of the engine and the motor travels in cooperation with the engine, the value can be made smaller than that in the driving mode of the electric motor. Hereinafter, the engine driving mode and the engine / electric motor combined driving mode will be referred to as an HEV mode.
As described above, the electric motor running mode runs with the driving force of only the electric motor M, and is a mode in which the current value of the electric motor is increased and the motor torque is increased according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. is there. In this mode, since the vehicle travels only with the motor, the motor torque value with respect to the accelerator opening can be made larger than that in the HEV mode. Hereinafter, this electric motor running mode will be referred to as an EV mode.
In the HEV mode, the rotation of the engine E is transmitted to the transmission 27 via the clutch 26, and the rear wheels 23 are rotationally driven by the rotational force converted by the transmission 27. In this example, the shifting operation is performed using the manual shifting operation unit 30 described later.
In this HEV mode, the throttle opening changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and when the electric motor M is used together, the current of the electric motor M changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. The value also changes, but the amount of change is calculated by the controller 24 so that an appropriate rotational driving force is generated. FIG. 6 shows a state in which the outputs from the engine E and the electric motor M in the HEV mode are supplied to the rear wheels 23 and further to the front wheels 22.
In the HEV mode, as shown in FIG. 7, the engine E is driven with the clutch 26 released, the electric motor m for charging is rotated to generate electricity, and the electric power generated by this is charged to the electric power storage device B. It is also possible to do.
In the EV mode, the current value of the electric motor M changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and an appropriate rotational driving force is output by the calculation of the controller 24. FIG. 8 shows a state in which electric power is supplied from the electric power storage device B to the electric motor M and outputs from the electric motors M and M are supplied to the front and rear wheels 22 and 23 in the EV mode.
Further, in both the HEV mode and the EV mode, for example, in the case of deceleration or downhill, as shown in FIG. 9, the rotation of the front and rear wheels 22 and 23 is performed by using the electric motors M and M as generators. It is also possible to convert kinetic energy into electric energy and charge the electric power storage device B with the power generated from the electric motors M and M. When such power regeneration is used, excess energy can be recovered, so that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.
In the hybrid vehicle 21 of this example described above, as shown in FIGS. 10 and 12, the speed change operation unit 30 includes at least the first operation unit 31 for the HEV mode in which the engine running system is changed and the electric motor running system. It is equipped with a second operation unit 32 for EV mode in which forward / backward switching is performed.
Both of the operating units 31 and 32 are provided with both lever neutral positions communicating with each other. In FIGS. 11 and 13, the shaded area is the lever neutral position 33. The numbers 1 to 6 shown in the figure indicate the shift mode, and F and R indicate forward and backward. It is a symbol.
As shown in FIGS. 10 to 13, the speed change operation unit 30 is provided with an operation lever 34 that goes in and out of both operation units 31 and 32. The operation lever 34 is configured to selectively switch between the engine traveling system (HEV mode) and the electric motor traveling system (EV mode).
The ones shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 show the operating lever 34 in the HEV mode, and the ones shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 show the operating lever 34 in the EV mode. The mode shifts from one mode to the other through both of the lever neutral positions 33 provided in communication with each other.
In this way, the operation lever 34 selectively switches between the engine traveling system (HEV mode) and the electric motor traveling system (EV mode), so that one of the engine traveling system and the electric motor traveling system can be operated. It is possible to avoid an erroneous operation such as operating the other one even though the other operation is performed.
Further, as shown in FIGS. 10 to 13, the operation lever 34 passes between the lever neutral position 33 of the engine traveling system and the lever neutral position 33 of the electric motor traveling system at the lever neutral position 33 communicating with each other. A seesaw switch 36 is provided so that the switch can be switched by the operation.
The seesaw switch 36 of this example is provided with a switching mechanism (not shown) at the lower part of the rotating shaft 36a, and faces the passage in the lever neutral position and comes into contact with the seesaw switch 36 when the operating lever 34 passes through. A curved surface-shaped contact surface portion 36b is formed. Then, the rotation of the seesaw switch 36 causes the switching mechanism to send a switching signal to the controller 24, whereby the HEV mode and the EV mode are switched.
By providing the seesaw switch 36 in this way, the switch is not switched unless the operating lever 34 passes through this portion, so that the alternative switching between the HEV mode and the EV mode is performed more reliably.
Further, in the case of this example, the operation lever 34 is provided with a switch 35 for starting the engine.
As in this example, when the HEV mode and the EV mode are selectively switched by one operation lever 34, if the operation lever 34 is provided with the switch 35 for starting the engine, the HEV mode ( When shifting to the engine running system), the transition and the engine starting operation can be performed in conjunction with each other, so that the operation is easy and rational without waste.
Further, in this example, since the speed change operation is performed by using the manual speed change operation unit 30 as described above, the clutch 26 is provided, but the operation lever 34 is from the first operation unit 31 to the second operation unit 32. When the seesaw switch 36 is switched to, the engine E is stopped, the clutch 26 is fixed in the open state by a fixing mechanism (not shown), and the operation lever 34 is moved from the second operation unit 32 to the first operation unit. When the seesaw switch 36 is switched after shifting to 31, the clutch 26 is configured to be released from the open state. These switchings are basically made by the controller 24.
In the case of manual shifting provided with the clutch 26, it is necessary to open the clutch 26 when shifting from the HEV mode (engine running staff) to the EV mode (motor running system). As shown in this example, by switching the seesaw switch 36, the engine E is stopped and the clutch 26 is fixed in the open state, so that the driver does not have to operate the clutch open state separately, which is convenient. Also, when shifting from EV mode to HEV mode, if the seesaw switch 36 is switched in the reverse operation, the clutch 26 will be released from the open state. In this case as well, the driver will release the clutch from the clutch. It is convenient because you do not have to operate it.
Further, when the operation lever 34 shifts from the second operation unit 32 to the first operation unit 31, when the engine E is not started, the seesaw switch 36 is provided in a fixed state, and the operation lever 34 is set to the first operation lever 34. 1 It is provided so that it cannot be transferred to the operation unit 31. These electrical controls are performed by the controller 24.
In this way, when the operation lever 34 is transferred from the second operation unit 32 to the first operation unit 31, that is, when the operation lever 34 is transferred from the electric motor traveling system to the engine traveling system, if the engine E is not started, the seesaw switch is used. Since 36 is provided so that the operation lever 34 cannot be transferred to the first operation unit 31 in the fixed state, the operation to the first operation unit 31 assuming the operating state is performed while the engine E is not operating. The shift of the lever 34 is avoided, which can ensure safety.
Next, the operation and the operation associated with the transition from the HEV mode (engine driving staff) to the EV mode (electric vehicle driving system) and from the EV mode to the HEV mode in the hybrid vehicle 21 of this example will be described together. ..
First, when the operation lever 34 is located at the first operation unit 31 (FIGS. 10 and 11) and the engine is started with the engine key (not shown) (HEV mode), the driver of the hybrid vehicle 21 accelerates. When you operate, the throttle of the engine opens and the engine is driven. In the above-mentioned combined operation mode of engine and electric motor, the electric motor is also driven at the same time.
In this HEV mode, the clutch 26 is opened and closed by the clutch pedal, and the shifting operation is performed by the operating lever 34, whereby forward and its gear ratio are selected, and forward and backward are selected. It is the same as a normal engine car. Then, the driving force from the engine E drives the rear wheels 23 via the transmission 27. As described above, the throttle opening changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and the torque of the engine E is increased. In the combined driving mode of the engine and electric motor, the driving force of the electric motor M is also used at the same time as the driving force of the engine E, and the current value of the electric motor is increased according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver to increase the motor torque. Let me.
To stop the HEV mode and run in the EV mode (electric motor running system), such as when running at low speed in an urban area, set the operating lever 34 to the neutral position as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11 and then set it there. To the second operation unit 32 as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13.
When the operating lever 34 passes through the seesaw switch 36, the operating lever 34 comes into contact with the contact surface portion 36b of the seesaw switch 36 to rotate the seesaw switch 36. The rotation of the seesaw switch 36 causes the switching mechanism to send a switching signal to the controller 24, which switches between HEV mode and EV mode, stops the engine E, and the clutch 26 is a fixing mechanism (not shown). Is fixed in the open state. The clutch pedal may be stored.
In this EV mode, as described above, the current value of the electric motor M changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and an appropriate rotational driving force is output by the calculation of the controller 24.
When shifting from EV mode to HEV mode, such as when going out of the city to the suburbs or driving on a motorway, the opposite operation to the above is performed. That is, the operating lever 34 is set to the neutral position as shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, and is shifted from there to the first operating unit 31 as shown in FIGS. 10 and 11.
At this time, when the engine E is not started, the seesaw switch 36 is provided in a fixed state, and the operation lever 34 cannot be transferred to the first operation unit 31. Therefore, before the operation lever 34 is transferred to the first operation unit 31, the engine is started by pressing the engine start switch 35 provided on the operation lever 34. When the engine starts, the seesaw switch 36 is released from the fixed state.
When the fixed state of the seesaw switch 36 is released and the operation lever 34 is moved to the first operation unit 31, when the operation lever 34 passes through the seesaw switch 36, the operation lever 34 moves to the contact surface portion of the seesaw switch 36. The seesaw switch 36 is rotated in contact with the 36b. The rotation of the seesaw switch 36 causes the switching mechanism to send a switching signal to the controller 24, whereby the EV mode is switched to the HEV mode.
Further, when the seesaw switch 36 is switched, the clutch 26 is released from the open state, whereby the operation of the clutch 26 returns to the normal one, and thereafter, the vehicle runs in the HEV mode (engine running staff). It is said.
Further, in the case of this example in which the clutch is provided in the engine traveling system, the electric motor is turned off when the clutch is opened.
That is, in the case of a manual transmission equipped with a clutch in the shifting operation in the first operation unit where the shifting of the engine traveling system is performed, when the driver depresses the accelerator pedal while depressing the clutch pedal, the electric motor is used. If the vehicle accelerates due to the driving force of the vehicle, it will be different from the operability of a normal automobile and a danger will occur.
Therefore, even if the driver depresses the accelerator pedal while depressing the clutch pedal, the electric motor is turned off to maintain the operability of a normal automobile.
The specific example described above has been described by taking the case where the HEV mode is a manual shifting operation as an example, but the same applies when the HEV mode is set to semi-automatic shifting or automatic shifting, for example, as shown in FIG.
In the one shown in FIG. 14, a semi-automatic transmission or a fully automatic transmission is provided in the engine traveling system, and the electric motor is configured to operate by operating the accelerator pedal even when the clutch is in the open state. Has been done.
In the case of a semi-automatic transmission, there is no clutch pedal operated by the driver, and the clutch is automatically disengaged and engaged by the driver operating the operating lever. Further, also in the case of the automatic transmission, there is no clutch pedal operated by the driver, and the shift operation is automatically performed according to the accelerator operation and speed of the driver. In these cases, the electric motor can be operated by the accelerator pedal even while the clutch operation and the shifting operation are automatically performed, and the driving force of the electric motor can be continuously applied to the vehicle even during the shifting. Therefore, it is possible to maintain running according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal.
According to the hybrid vehicle of this example described above, since the engine running system and the electric motor running system are selectively switched and operated, erroneous operation can be avoided, thereby further improving safety. be able to.
Next, a first specific example of the third invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIGS. 15 and 16.
In FIG. 15, the hybrid vehicle 41 of this specific example is provided with traveling wheels (driving wheels 42 and driving wheels 43) suspended on the main frame of the vehicle body at the front and rear of the vehicle body (not shown), as in the previous example. The driving wheel 42 is steered by a steering wheel by the driver and drives the drive wheel 43 to rotate, and the driving system is an engine drive system by a conventional internal combustion engine 44 and an electric drive system by electric motors 45 and 45. Is installed, and the calculation unit 46 provided in the hybrid system controller that switches or cooperates with these is used to calculate the vehicle speed and control the idling, which will be described later.
A transmission 47 is provided on the downstream side of the engine 44, and wheel speed sensors 48 and 48 are arranged on the driven wheels 42 and 42. Further, a yaw sensor (not shown) for detecting the lateral acceleration (yaw rate) of the vehicle is arranged at an appropriate position of the vehicle. Reference numeral 49 is a power storage device.
Then, in the hybrid vehicle 41 of this example, the rotation state of each wheel is monitored during traveling, and if a tire slip (idle) occurs due to over-rotation of the drive wheels, the rotation speed of the wheels is reduced. In addition to eliminating slippage, the rotational drive energy that is reduced as needed is recovered by regenerative power generation.
That is, the engine drive system includes an internal combustion engine 44 mounted at the rear position of the main frame of the vehicle body, a transmission 47 connected to the output shaft of the engine 44 via a clutch (not shown), and the like. It is configured to include a drive wheel shaft and a drive wheel 43 connected to the shift output shaft of the transmission 47. Similar to the previous example, engine accessories such as a fuel tank, a fuel pump, a pipe, and an engine cooling device for supplying fuel to the engine 44 are arranged around the engine 44.
Further, the electric drive system is composed of electric motors 45, 45 individually provided on the drive wheels 43, 43 and an electric power storage device 49 for supplying electric energy to each electric motor 45, 45, and the flow of this electric energy. Is controlled by the arithmetic unit 46 of the controller.
Further, the electric motors 45 and 45 have a drive mode (power running) that outputs a driving force to the outside according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and a drive limiting mode that limits the driving force. It has a regenerative mode that absorbs external driving force and operates as a generator.
That is, the drive mode is a general output operation of the electric motor, which is controlled by the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver and outputs a rotational torque corresponding to the supplied drive power to the outside. At this time, both the output of the engine 44 and the output of the electric motors 45 and 45 are transmitted to the drive wheels 43 depending on the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal by the driver (that is, the accelerator opening degree).
Further, in the drive limiting mode, the driving power supplied to the electric motors 45 and 45 according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver is limited according to the amount of slipping. As a result, less torque is transmitted to the drive wheels according to the slip amount than in the drive mode.
The regenerative mode is a power generation operation similar to that of a general generator, converts kinetic energy into electric energy, and outputs electric power corresponding to an external driving force. That is, in this regenerative mode, by controlling the amount of power generated from the electric motors 45 and 45, it is possible to adjust the driving force absorbed from the outside, that is, from the drive wheels 43 to which the electric motors are connected. , The rotation speed of the drive wheels 43 can be reduced arbitrarily.
Further, each of the driven wheels 42 and 42 is individually provided with a dedicated wheel speed sensor 48, which constantly detects the rotation speed of each driven wheel and estimates the vehicle body speed of the hybrid vehicle. .. On the other hand, the electric motor 45 sends the number of revolutions to the calculation unit 46 to obtain the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43. Then, the calculation unit 46 compares the estimated vehicle body speed with the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43, and when each threshold value to be described later is exceeded, it is determined that the drive wheels 43 are idling, and the idling is performed. Control to eliminate.
That is, as the threshold value, as shown in FIG. 16, an electric motor output control start speed having a value exceeding the estimated vehicle body speed and an electric motor regeneration control start speed having a value exceeding the electric motor output control start speed are provided. There is. Then, the calculation unit 46 compares the estimated vehicle body speed with the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43, and when the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43 exceeds the motor output control start speed, and also exceeds the motor regeneration control start speed. If so, it is determined that the drive wheels 43 are idling, and individual control is performed to eliminate the idling.
In FIG. 15, the line 51 from the wheel speed sensor 48 to the calculation unit 46 and the electric motor 45 to the calculation unit 46 is a speed signal, and the line 52 from the calculation unit 46 to the electric motor 45 is a torque command, and the electric motor 45. Lines 53 to and from the power storage device 49 represent the flow of energy, respectively.
Next, the operation peculiar to the hybrid vehicle 41 of this example will be described.
When the driver of the hybrid vehicle 41 operates the accelerator, the throttle of the engine is opened, the engine is driven, and at the same time, the electric motor output is also set to the drive mode (power running).
As the throttle opening increases and the vehicle body speed also increases, the calculation unit 46 compares the estimated vehicle body speed with the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43, and as a result, the wheel speed exceeds the motor output control start speed. If determined, the motor output is limited (drive limit mode).
When the degree of idling becomes larger and it is determined that the wheel speed exceeds the motor regeneration control start speed, the motor, which has been in the drive limitation mode until now, operates in the regeneration mode, and the drive wheels 43 The rotational speed of the driven wheel 42 is reduced to the same level as that of the driven wheel 42, and the rotational kinetic energy of the reduced drive wheel 43 is recovered as electric energy in the electric power storage device 49.
In this example, even if the drive wheel speed is decelerated and falls below the motor regeneration control start speed and the motor output control start speed, the motor operates in the regeneration mode. This is because if the speed of the drive wheel 43 is not decelerated to some extent, the rotation will increase immediately and the regeneration mode will be activated immediately, which may cause chattering, so that so-called hysteresis is provided. It is a thing.
In this way, with the idling of the drive wheels 43, control is performed to eliminate the idling of the drive wheels 43 by appropriately using the output limitation (drive limitation mode) and the regeneration mode of the electric motor.
As described above, according to the hybrid vehicle of this example, when the drive wheels slip beyond a predetermined speed during traveling using both the electric motor and the engine, the power running of the electric motor connected to the drive wheels ( Since the rotation output control) is restricted or the electric motor is controlled to regenerate, a deceleration action is performed to eliminate the idling (slip) of the drive wheels.
Since the output and load of the electric motor can be obtained from the number of revolutions and the input electric power, the prediction system is high and the accuracy of control can be improved.
Further, even if the driving force is continuously controlled, there is no negative factor such as heat generation, so that the control can be performed stably.
Further, when electric power regeneration is used, excess energy can be recovered, so that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.
As described above, since the operation in this example is the operation of the electric electric motor, it is excellent in quick response, and it is possible to take a reliable response, and it is possible to eliminate the idling reliably and quickly. Therefore, even in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.
As a result, even on rough roads, the running stability as a vehicle and the mileage can be improved, and an overall high-performance hybrid vehicle can be obtained.
Next, a second specific example of the third invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIG.
The hybrid vehicle of this specific example uses TCS in the case of engine control as the threshold value of the first specific example.
That is, as shown in FIG. 17, each threshold value of the engine control start speed and the brake control start speed is further added to the configuration of the first specific example described above.
Specifically, in the vehicle, a throttle control device that controls the output of the engine with preset engine control start speed and brake control start speed as thresholds, and an upstream side of the throttle operated by the driver. A second throttle controlled by the throttle control device is provided.
In this case, the motor output control start speed, the motor regeneration control start speed, the engine control start speed, and the brake control start speed are sequentially provided on the side where the speed becomes higher.
Then, when the calculated vehicle body estimated speed is compared with the wheel speed of the drive wheel 43 and it is determined that the wheel speed exceeds the motor output control start speed, the motor output is limited (drive). Restricted mode).
When the degree of idling becomes larger and it is determined that the wheel speed exceeds the motor regeneration control start speed, the motor, which has been in the drive limitation mode until now, operates in the regeneration mode, and the drive wheels 43 The rotational speed of the driven wheel 42 is reduced to the same level as that of the driven wheel 42, and the rotational kinetic energy of the reduced drive wheel 43 is recovered as electric energy in the electric power storage device 49.
These are the same as those in the first specific example, but in the case of this example, when it is determined that the drive wheels are idling, and the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43 is the engine control start speed or the brake. When the control start speed is exceeded, the control of the second throttle or the brake control of the drive wheels is performed.
In this example, when it is determined that the wheel speed of the drive wheels 43 exceeds the engine control start speed, control is performed to reduce the opening degree of the second throttle.
When the degree of idling is further increased and it is determined that the wheel speed exceeds the brake control start speed, the brake control of the drive wheels 43 is performed.
In this way, as the drive wheels 43 slip, control is performed to eliminate the slip of the drive wheels 43 by appropriately using the output limit (drive limit mode), the regeneration mode, the second throttle, and the brake of the electric motor.
As described above, according to the hybrid vehicle of this example, when the drive wheels slip beyond a predetermined speed during traveling using both the electric motor and the engine, the power running of the electric motor connected to the drive wheels ( Since the control (rotational output control) is stopped or the electric motor is regenerated, a deceleration action is performed to eliminate the idling (slip) of the drive wheels. Further, since it is configured by adding TCS, idling control can be performed more reliably, and the advantages of each control can be used as appropriate, which is convenient.
Further, in this example, the motor output control start speed, the motor regeneration control start speed, the engine control start speed, and the brake control start speed are sequentially provided on the side where the speed becomes higher, so that the motor is used prior to TCS. Since the idling of the drive wheels is controlled, the energy efficiency can be further improved and the deterioration of the running performance can be prevented.
Next, a third specific example of the third invention of the present application will be described with reference to FIG.
In the hybrid vehicle of this specific example, the lateral acceleration (yaw rate) of the vehicle is detected during steering and turning, and the drive wheels are braked to suppress the speed in the same manner as the traction control before the vehicle spins. It has a function to control the stability of the vehicle.
That is, as shown in FIG. 18, the output of the electric motor is controlled by using the yaw sensor that detects the lateral acceleration of the vehicle, the preset motor output control start yaw sensor output, and the motor regeneration control start yaw sensor output as threshold values. It is equipped with a calculation unit, and when the throttle of the engine is opened by the operation of the driver, the output control of the electric motor is started, and when the threshold value is exceeded, the drive wheels are driven. It controls the output of the electric motor.
When the driver of the hybrid vehicle 41 operates the accelerator, the throttle of the engine is opened, the engine is driven, and at the same time, the electric motor output is also set to the drive mode (power running).
In this example, if the vehicle is turning left, the steering amount and throttle opening are constant, and the yaw sensor exceeds the first sensor amount, it is determined that spin may occur, and the motor output is increased. Limited (drive limiting mode).
When the degree of lateral acceleration is further increased and it is determined that the yaw sensor exceeds the second sensor amount, the electric motor, which has been in the drive limiting mode until now, operates in the regenerative mode and the drive wheels. As the rotational speed of 43 is reduced, the rotational kinetic energy of the reduced drive wheel 43 is recovered as electrical energy in the electric power storage device 49.
In this example, even if the drive wheel speed is decelerated and falls below the motor regeneration control start yaw sensor output and the motor output control start yaw sensor output, the motor is operated in the regeneration mode. As in the previous example, if the speed of the drive wheel 43 is not decelerated to some extent, the rotation will increase immediately and the regeneration mode will be activated again immediately, which may cause chattering, so give it a hysteresis. It is a precedent.
In this way, as the drive wheels 43 slip, control is performed to prevent the drive wheels 43 from spinning by appropriately using the output limit (drive limit mode) and the regeneration mode of the electric motor.
As described above, according to the hybrid vehicle of this example, when the vehicle travels beyond a predetermined turning acceleration during traveling with an electric motor or traveling with both an electric motor and an engine, it is connected to the drive wheels. Since the power running (rotational output control) of the electric motor is stopped or the electric motor is controlled to regenerate, a deceleration action is performed to prevent the spin of the drive wheels.
Since the operation of this example is the operation of an electric motor as in the previous example, it is excellent in prompt responsiveness, enables reliable response, and can reliably and promptly prevent spin. Therefore, even in the case of a relatively high-speed engine drive, stable running is possible, running performance can be improved, and safety is also preferable.
As a result, even on rough roads, the running stability as a vehicle and the mileage can be improved, and an overall high-performance hybrid vehicle can be obtained.
In the specific example described above, the case where the vehicle turns left has been described as an example, but it goes without saying that the same applies to the case where the vehicle turns right.
Next, a specific example of the fourth invention of the present application will be described with reference to the drawings.
In FIGS. 19 to 22, the hybrid vehicle 101 of the specific example includes traveling wheels (front wheels 102 and rear wheels 103) suspended on the main frame of the vehicle body at the front and rear of the vehicle body (not shown), as in the previous example. The front wheels 102 are steered by a steering wheel by the driver and run by rotationally driving the front and rear wheels 102, 103 or the rear wheels 103. As the driving sources thereof, an engine drive system by a conventional internal combustion engine E and an electric motor M, It is equipped with an electric drive system by M, and is equipped with a hybrid system controller (not shown) that switches and operates them cooperatively with an operating lever.
A clutch 104, a one-way clutch 105, and a transmission 106 are provided on the downstream side of the engine E, and a driving force is transmitted from the transmission 106 to the rear wheels 103 via the differential gear 107 and the CV joint 108. Reference numeral B is a power storage device.
Similar to the previous example, engine accessories such as a fuel tank, a fuel pump, a pipe, and an engine cooling device for supplying fuel to the engine E are arranged around the engine E.
Further, the electric motors M for rotationally driving the front and rear wheels 102 and 103 are provided so that their rotational forces are driven and transmitted via the reduction gears 109 and 110, respectively.
In the hybrid vehicle 101 of this example, as its operation mode, the driving force of the engine E is output according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and the driving force of both the engine E and the electric motor M is output. Engine / motor combined driving mode (hereinafter, as in the previous example, the engine driving mode and the engine / electric motor combined driving mode are referred to as HEV mode) and the electric motor driving mode that outputs the driving force of only the electric motor M (hereinafter, EV mode). It is called.).
As described above, the engine driving mode is a mode in which the throttle opening changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver to increase the torque of the engine E, and the engine / electric motor combined driving mode is a mode. The driving force of the electric motor M is used at the same time as the driving force of the engine E, and this mode increases the current value of the electric motor and increases the motor torque according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. As described above, the electric motor running mode runs with the driving force of only the electric motor M, and is a mode in which the current value of the electric motor is increased and the motor torque is increased according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. is there. In this mode, since the vehicle travels only with the motor, the motor torque value with respect to the accelerator opening is large.
In the HEV mode, the rotation of the engine E is transmitted to the clutch 104, the one-way clutch 105, the transmission 106, the differential gear 107, and the CV joint 108 as described above to drive the rear wheels 103 to rotate.
In this HEV mode, the throttle opening changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and when the electric motor M is used together, the current of the electric motor M changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver. The value also changes, but the amount of change is calculated by the controller so that an appropriate rotational driving force is generated.
In the EV mode, the current value of the electric motor M changes according to the amount of depression of the accelerator pedal of the driver, and an appropriate rotational driving force is output by calculation by the controller.
In both HEV mode and EV mode, for example, in the case of a long downhill, the rotation of the front and rear wheels 102,103 is converted into electric energy by using the electric motors M and M as generators. It is also possible to charge the electric power storage device B with the power generated from the electric motors M and M. When such power regeneration is used, excess energy can be recovered, so that the energy efficiency of the vehicle is improved.
In the hybrid vehicle 101 of this example described above, as shown in FIG. 23 in which the clutch portion is further enlarged, the outer race 151, the inner race 152, and the sprag 153 arranged between these rings are located on the downstream side of the clutch 104. A one-way clutch 105 is provided. The one-way clutch 105 transmits engine torque only in the driving direction.
In this way, if the one-way clutch 105 that transmits the engine torque only in the driving direction is provided, the reverse transmission path that transmits the rotation of the wheels to the engine is blocked by the one-way clutch 105, so that the kinetic energy of the vehicle can be reduced. The maximum recovery can be achieved by the regenerative braking function of the electric motor. As a result, the kinetic energy is not lost as the mechanical loss of the engine as in the conventional case, so that the energy efficiency can be improved.
Further, in this example, the parking gear 154 is integrally provided on the anti-clutch side of the outer race 151, that is, the downstream side of the one-way clutch 105, and as shown in FIG. 24, the claw 155 that engages with and disengages from the parking gear 154. A parking mechanism 156 equipped with the above is provided. As the parking mechanism 156, a known one may be used. For example, the operation by the select lever 561 is transmitted to the parking pole 566 via the select rod 562, the manual lever 563, the manual plate 564, and the parking rod 565, and the parking pole 566 is used. The claw 155 provided on the 566 is engaged with and disengaged from the parking gear 154.
In FIG. 23, the clutch 104 is arranged on the upstream side (left side of the figure) of the one-way clutch 105. In the figure, 141 is a clutch assembly, 142 is a clutch disk, and 143 is a clutch release cylinder. Since the clutch drum is generally configured integrally with the engine, the one-way clutch 105 is located on the downstream side of the clutch 104 when the existing engine is used, but the one-way clutch 105 is located on the upstream side of the clutch 104. It may also be considered. In that sense, the one-way clutch will be arranged in line with the clutch.
If the one-way clutch 105 described above is provided, the function of ensuring the vehicle to stop when parking is reduced, but as in this example, a parking gear 154 is provided and a parking lot having a claw 155 that engages with and disengages from the parking gear is provided. When the mechanism 156 is provided, the parking gear is fixed by the claws to prevent the rotation of the shaft and the wheels connected to the shaft, so that the function of the parking brake can be achieved.
Further, in this example, as shown in FIG. 25, the shaft 131 of the rear wheel 103 is linked to the CV joint 108 and the CV joint housing 180, while the CV joint housing 180 is connected to the output shaft 171 of the differential gear 107. Therefore, the driving force from the engine E is transmitted to this CV joint housing 180, while the power transmission gear 181 is attached to the CV joint housing 180 to transfer the driving force from the electric motor M to the power transmission gear 181. It is transmitted to the CV joint housing 180 via.
More specifically, a ridge 180a is integrally formed on the outer periphery of the CV joint housing 180, and a spline 181a that fits the ridge 180a is formed on the inner ring of the power transmission gear 181. The thrust direction movement of the gear 181 is fixed via the collar 183 by the inner race 182a of the ball bearing 182 for supporting the CV joint.
By setting the transmission path from the motor M to the CV joint housing 180 in this way, the motor torque can be transmitted to the drive shaft in the shortest possible distance, and the degree of freedom in the installation location of the motor M is increased. Therefore, since the power transmission of the electric motor M can be performed in the vicinity of the drive wheels (rear wheels 103) without passing through the differential 107, it is possible to save the installation space of the electric motor M and reduce the number of component parts.
Further, since the rotations of the electric motor M and the wheels correspond one-to-one, the rotation control of the wheels (for example, ABS, TCS, etc.) by the electric motors M and M attached to the wheels 102 and 103 becomes easy.
In this example, an intermediate gear 184 is interposed between the power transmission gear 181 and the electric motor M to reduce the rotation speed of the electric motor M. A drive gear 185 is fixed to the output shaft of the electric motor M, and the intermediate gear 184 is meshed with the drive gear 185, and the intermediate gear 184 is meshed with the power transmission gear 181.
Normally, the rotation speed of the electric motor is larger than the rotation speed of the wheels. Therefore, by providing a reduction mechanism (corresponding to the reduction gear 110 in FIGS. 19 and 20) as in this example, appropriate motor torque can be transmitted.
Further, as shown in FIG. 25, reduction gear cases 186 and 187 are provided to cover the power transmission gear 181, the intermediate gear 184, and the drive gear 185. The reduction gear cases 186 and 187 mount the electric motor M and the intermediate gear 184, and also serve as a side cover for the transmission case. Therefore, it contributes to the reduction of the number of parts and the reduction of the structural weight.
According to the specific example described above, an efficient and optimum manual transmission mechanism can be obtained as a hybrid vehicle.
The hybrid vehicle according to the present invention is suitable for use as a practical vehicle capable of reducing carbon dioxide emissions because the traveling efficiency and performance are improved.
1 Hybrid vehicle Four front wheels 5 rear wheel 7 engine 11 Hybrid system controller 12 electric motor 13 Electric motor 21 hybrid vehicle 22 Front wheels 23 Rear wheel 24 hybrid system controller 30 Speed change operation unit 31 1st operation unit 32 2nd operation unit 41 Hybrid vehicle 42 trailing wheel 43 drive wheels 44 Internal combustion engine 45 electric motor 46 Arithmetic unit 47 transmission 48 Wheel speed sensor 101 hybrid vehicle 102 Front wheels 103 rear wheel 104 clutch 105 One Way Clutch 106 transmission 107 Differential gear 108 CV joint
26 sheets
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Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| KR20170104934A | Cited by | Republic of Korea | Examiner |
| US10369985B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| CN103702879A | Cited by | China | Search report |
| JPWO2015060329A1 | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| WO2015060329A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| JP2018187991A | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| JP2013018416A | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
| US9518634B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| JPWO2015060329A1 | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| US11148530B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| WO2013008856A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| JPWO2015060329A1 | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| WO2013008857A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| KR20170104934A | Cited by | Republic of Korea | Search report |
| WO2013008855A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| US12344253B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| KR101360051B1 | Cited by | Republic of Korea | Search report |
| JP2013001182A | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
| JP2013018426A | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| JP2017159731A | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| JPH04322106A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
| JPH0946821A | Cites | Japan | Examiner |
13 members in 5 offices
Members13
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO0005094A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| EP1018451A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US6295487B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| EP1018451A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| EP1759915A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP1759915A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| EP1762416A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP1762416A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| EP1018451B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE69937626D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| DE69937626T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| JP4473448B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| JP2010143579AThis record | Japan | A |
2 legal events, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Over the term
Point at a mark for the eventEvents
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Decision of refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A02A02 | A02 | |
| Notification of reasons for refusalJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A131A131 | A131 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2010143579
- Application
- 4830
Titles2
- Japanese
- ハイブリッド車両
- English
- Hybrid vehicle
Classification
- CPC, 37
- B60K6/44
- B60W20/13
- B60K6/52
- B60K7/0007
- B60K23/0808
- B60K2006/541
- B60L3/102
- B60L7/10
- B60L7/18
- B60L7/26
- B60L15/20
- B60L15/2036
- B60L2240/18
- B60L2240/525
- B60L2260/28
- B60W10/02
- B60W10/08
- B60W10/10
- B60W20/00
- B60W30/18172
- B60W2510/0208
- B60W2520/125
- B60W2520/14
- Y10S903/945
- Y10S903/946
- Y10S903/916
- F16H2059/0221
- B60L2240/22
- B60L50/61
- B60L50/16
- Y02T10/62
- Y02T10/64
- Y02T10/7072
- Y02T10/72
- Y02T10/70
- B60W30/18145
- B60W10/06
- IPC, 27
- B60W10 08
- B60W20 00
- B60K6 48
- B60W10 18
- B60K6 547
- B60W10 02
- B60W10 06
- B60L11 14
- B60L15 20
- B60L7 10
- F02D29 02
- F02D9 02
- B60K20 02
- F16H63 34
- B60K23 02
- B60K17 02
- B60T8 175
- B60T8 17
- B60T1 06
- B60K6 44
- B60K6 485
- B60K6 52
- B60K23 08
- B60K28 16
- B60L3 10
- B60L7 24
- B60L50 16