Hybrid electric automobile

The present invention relates to a hybrid electric vehicle.

In recent years, various environmental problems such as global warming and urban warming (heat island) have become apparent, and automobiles have been made more efficient (lower fuel consumption) and exhaust gas has been cleaned, but fossil fuels have been used as fuel. There is a limit to improvement in automobiles that use only an internal combustion engine as a drive source, and recently, hybrid automobiles equipped with an internal combustion engine and an electric motor have been put into practical use. The widespread use of energy-saving and clean hybrid electric vehicles is extremely effective in reducing environmental problems. For example, Fig. 4 shows the fuel efficiency of ordinary passenger cars and hybrid cars in Japan from 1990 to today. The average value of 10-mode fuel efficiency in 1990 was about 12km / liter, but in 1997, the hybrid vehicle was put into practical use for the first time, and the fuel efficiency has increased dramatically. Recent hybrid vehicles have recorded 35.5km / liter in 10/15 mode. It is estimated that the number of automobiles in the world will reach 3 billion in the future, but from the viewpoint of the global environment and effective use of fossil fuel resources, it is necessary to achieve a minimum fuel efficiency of 100 km / liter. The SEEV in Fig. 4 is a high-efficiency hybrid electric vehicle proposed by Tohoku University (see Non-Patent Documents 1 and 2).

However, the hybrid electric vehicles that have been put into practical use so far are still based on the internal combustion engine, although they are assisted by the electric motor at low speeds, and often run with a partial load, which is always the best of the engine. It is not running in a state of efficiency. In addition, the capacity of the energy storage device is small, and it is extremely difficult to sufficiently store regenerative energy such as a long descent. Furthermore, the current situation is that renewable energy such as solar energy, which is an important energy source in the future, is hardly used.

<nplcit num="1"><text>TSSaitoh, A.Hoshi, D.Ando, K.Kurata and N.Yamada, Energy-efficient vehicle to reduce urban warming, air pollution and CO2 emissions in urban area, Proceedings of Urban Transport and the Environment for the 21st Century IV, Lisbon (1998), 521-530.</text></nplcit><nplcit num="2"><text>TSSaitoh, A.Hoshi, N.Yamada, A.Yoshimura &amp; D.Ando, A grand design of future advanced electric vehicle powered by fuel cell, battery, flywheel and photosensitive cell, Proceedings of Urban Transport VII: Urban Transport and the Environment in the 21st Century, Lemnos island (2001), 727-740.</text></nplcit><nplcit num="3"><text>Takeo Saito, Hirofumi Ando, Noboru Yamada, Shinichiro Wakashima, Research on Solar Organic Rankine Cycle System, Solar Energy, 30-1 (2004), 55-60.</text></nplcit>

<p> An object of the present invention is to significantly improve the efficiency of a hybrid electric vehicle.</p>

<p> In order to solve the above problems, the invention according to claim 1 is equipped with three energy storage devices, a flywheel and a capacitor, in addition to the conventional secondary battery, and always has the highest efficiency. The electric power from the generator that operates in the state is stored in these three systems of equipment, and the traction motor is operated optimally according to the situation.</p><p> Further, in the invention of claim 2, the hybrid electric vehicle according to claim 1 can be further improved in efficiency by mounting a solar cell and appropriately performing photovoltaic power generation. Further, the invention of claim 3 is based on the amount of heat possessed by the fuel by storing cheap electric power from a large power plant, which is more efficient than the power generation efficiency of the internal combustion engine, in the energy storage device by using the late-night electric power. The fuel consumption rate can be further improved.</p>

An embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. FIG. 1 shows the energy flow of a hybrid electric vehicle, outlines only the main components in the present invention, and omits various accessories, transmission mechanisms, etc. that make up various general automobiles. ..

The onboard charger (internal combustion engine) 1 is connected to the generator 2 and usually operates at the rated operation at the highest efficiency. During normal driving, as shown by arrow 10, the electric power generated by the internal combustion engine is optimally distributed by the controller 6 to the secondary battery 3, the flywheel 4, and the capacitor 5. When the storage capacity of these three energy storage devices reaches the necessary and sufficient capacity for running, the internal combustion engine 2 is stopped. Of the three storage devices, the controller 6 outputs the output from the storage device most suitable for the running state to the running motor 7, and transmits the output to the tire 8 via the transmission or the like. In addition, when regenerating on a downhill or braking, as shown by arrow 9, the regenerated power is distributed from the traveling motor to the three energy storage systems via the controller 6. The secondary battery, flywheel, and capacitor have different energy densities and input / output power densities, and operate optimally according to the running load fluctuation cycle.

Examples of secondary batteries include lithium ion batteries and nickel-metal hydride batteries, and examples of capacitors include electric double layer capacitors. With regard to the flywheel, under normal atmosphere, the storage amount is attenuated due to air resistance, but in some cases it can be avoided by vacuuming. In addition, electromagnetic bearings may be used for the same purpose. A flywheel energy storage device usually has an integrated motor and generator, through which input and output are performed electrically. However, in some cases, the rotational energy may be directly used for the driving force via the clutch or the transmission mechanism without going through the motor / generator. The onboard charger (internal combustion engine) 1 may be replaced with a fuel cell, a gas turbine, or the like. In addition, as an onboard charger 1, SHINLA is based on the "superposition concept". TURBINE) (see Non-Patent Document 3) may be applied. The Shinra turbine is a turbine that has a structure in which a large number of relatively simple disk-shaped disks are densely stacked in the axial direction, and is a turbine engine that can extract power from the working fluid by combining viscosity, impulse, and reaction with high efficiency. Is. The efficiency exceeds 60%, it is quiet, there is little vibration, and it has the features of being able to handle a wide variety of fuels.

FIG. 2 is an energy flow diagram of Example 1. As another embodiment 1, in addition to the above-described embodiment, there is an example in which a solar cell (Photovoltaic cell) is installed in a vehicle. Solar cells should be installed maximally on relatively flat surfaces such as hoods, roofs, and trunks where sunlight is likely to enter. An ordinary passenger car can be installed over 2 square meters. In some cases, a see-through type solar cell may be installed on the rear window glass or the rear window glass. Solar cells have the potential to reach 20% power generation efficiency in the near future, and can be fully expected as an energy source. Assuming that it travels 10,000km a year, it is possible to cover 30-40% of it with PV cells. As shown in FIG. 2, the electric power obtained from the solar cell is also appropriately stored in the three energy storage devices via the controller 6. In addition, as an example, there is a case where the motor is directly driven by power generation by a solar cell without going through three energy storage devices.

FIG. 3 is an energy flow diagram of Example 2. As another Example 2, in addition to the above-described embodiment and the first embodiment, there is an example in which the midnight power 12 is used. When parked at night in a parking lot, etc., by charging and charging the energy storage device of 3 systems at midnight, the internal combustion engine 1 generates electricity for a considerable distance (about 50 to 100 km) from the beginning of running. It becomes possible to run without. Since midnight power is generated by a large power plant, it is generally more efficient than internal combustion engine 1 and cheaper, so efficiency based on the heat of combustion of fuel is improved and running costs are lower. ..

As described above, the hybrid electric vehicle of the present invention is enhanced in efficiency by combining three large-capacity energy storage devices and an internal combustion engine that operates in the highest efficiency state, and further, a solar cell and midnight power. By using the above, it is possible to realize low fuel consumption and low running cost, so that it has extremely high industrial utility. According to a trial calculation based on the 10/15 mode, it is possible to achieve fuel efficiency of 100km / liter to 170km / liter based on gasoline.

<figref num="1">It is explanatory drawing which showed the embodiment of the hybrid electric vehicle.</figref><figref num="2">It is explanatory drawing which showed Example 1 of the hybrid electric vehicle.</figref><figref num="3">It is explanatory drawing which showed Example 2 of the hybrid electric vehicle.</figref><figref num="4">It is explanatory drawing of the fuel consumption of an ordinary passenger car and a hybrid car.</figref>

Code description

1 Internal combustion engine 2 Generator 3 Rechargeable battery 4 Flywheel 5 Capacitor 6 Controller 7 Motor 8 Tire 9 Energy direction during regeneration 10 Energy direction during normal driving 11 Solar cell 12 Midnight power