Image encoding method and image decoding method
Abstract
Problem to be solved.To more appropriately select and encode an image coding method and an image decoding method which can be correctly restored even if a part of memory management information is lost due to a transmission line error, and a reference image candidate which can be referred to. Provided are an image coding method, an image decoding method, and the like that enhance efficiency. An image encoding step (Step 100), a step of determining whether or not there is unnecessary memory (Step 102), and memory management information for releasing unnecessary memory when there is unnecessary memory are encoded. (Step 103), releasing unnecessary memory (Step 104), releasing unnecessary memory by encoding the previous image (Step 105), and determining whether the memory management information has been encoded, and memory management. When the information is encoded, the step (Step 106) of encoding the memory management information for releasing unnecessary memory is included again. [Selection diagram] Fig. 2

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35 claims: 17 independent, 18 dependent
- 1メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化する画像符号化方法であって、前記選択した参照ピクチャを参照して、符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するピクチャ符号化ステップと、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を前記符号化された符号化対象ピクチャに付随させて符号化する管理情報符号化ステップと、前記メモリ管理情報を前記管理情報符号化ステップにおける符号化とは別に再度符号化する管理情報再符号化ステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像符号化方法。
- 2前記管理情報再符号化ステップでは、前記再度符号化されたメモリ管理情報に、前記管理情報符号化ステップにおいてメモリ管理情報を付随させた前記符号化対象ピクチャを特定する情報を付随させることを特徴とする請求項1記載の画像符号化方法。
- 3前記管理情報再符号化ステップでは、前記メモリ管理情報の符号化を繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の画像符号化方法。
- 4前記メモリ管理情報は、前記メモリの不要になり開放するメモリ領域を指定する情報であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化方法。
- 5前記メモリは、参照ピクチャの保存時間の短い短時間保存メモリと、前記短時間保存メモリよりも参照ピクチャの保存時間の長い長時間保存メモリとを備え、前記メモリ管理情報は、前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報であることを特徴とすることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項3のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化方法。
- 6前記管理情報再符号化ステップでは、前記管理情報符号化ステップにおいて前記メモリ管理情報を付随させた符号化対象ピクチャとは異なる少なくとも1つの他の符号化対象ピクチャに付随させて前記メモリ管理情報を再度符号化することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化方法。
- 7前記管理情報符号化ステップにおいて、前記メモリ管理情報を前記メモリに保存されない符号化対象ピクチャに付随させる場合には、前記管理情報再符号化ステップにおいて、前記メモリ管理情報を前記メモリに保存される符号化対象ピクチャにも付随させることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の画像符号化方法。
- 8メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して復号化する画像復号化方法であって、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を復号化し、復号化したメモリ管理情報に基づいて、前記メモリの不要になるメモリ領域を開放する場合に、開放するメモリ領域が開放済でなければメモリ領域を開放し、開放するメモリ領域がすでに開放済であれば前記メモリに対して何も処理を行わないことを特徴とする画像復号化方法。
- 9メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して復号化する画像復号化方法であって、前記メモリは、参照ピクチャの保存時間の短い短時間保存メモリと、前記短時間保存メモリよりも参照ピクチャの保存時間の長い長時間保存メモリとを備え、前記画像復号化方法は、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を復号化し、復号化したメモリ管理情報に基づいて、前記メモリ内に保存されている参照ピクチャを前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動する場合に、移動対象の参照ピクチャが前記短時間保存メモリに存在すれば当該参照ピクチャを前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動し、移動対象の参照ピクチャが前記短時間保存メモリに存在しなければ前記メモリ内の移動を行わないことを特徴とする画像復号化方法。
- 10メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化する画像符号化方法であって、重要度が符号化対象ピクチャ以上である前記メモリ内に保存されている参照ピクチャを参照ピクチャの候補として符号化することを特徴とする画像符号化方法。
- 11メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体であって、前記選択した参照ピクチャを参照して、符号化対象ピクチャを符号化した符号化データと、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を前記符号化された符号化データに付随させて符号化した管理情報符号化データと、前記メモリ管理情報を前記管理情報符号化データとは別に再度符号化した管理情報再符号化データと含むデータストリームが記録された記録媒体。
- 12メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体であって、前記選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化された符号化対象ピクチャに付随させて最初に符号化されたメモリ管理情報とは別に、前記メモリ管理情報が再度符号化された管理情報再符号化データを含むデータストリームが記録された記録媒体。
- 13前記管理情報再符号化データには、前記符号化された符号化対象ピクチャを特定する情報が付随していることを特徴とする請求項12記載のデータストリームが記録された記録媒体。
- 14メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化する画像符号化装置であって、前記選択した参照ピクチャを参照して、符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するピクチャ符号化手段と、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を前記符号化された符号化対象ピクチャに付随させて符号化する管理情報符号化手段と、前記メモリ管理情報を前記管理情報符号化手段が行う符号化とは別に再度符号化する管理情報再符号化手段とを備えることを特徴とする画像符号化装置。
- 15前記管理情報再符号化手段は、前記再度符号化されたメモリ管理情報に、前記管理情報符号化手段がメモリ管理情報を付随させた前記符号化対象ピクチャを特定する情報を付随させることを特徴とする請求項14に記載の画像符号化装置。
- 16前記メモリ管理情報は、前記メモリの不要になり開放するメモリ領域を指定する情報であることを特徴とする請求項14または15に記載の画像符号化装置。
- 17前記メモリは、参照ピクチャの保存時間の短い短時間保存メモリと、前記短時間保存メモリより参照ピクチャの保存時間の長い長時間保存メモリとを備え、前記メモリ管理情報は、前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報であることを特徴とする請求項14または15に記載の画像符号化装置。
- 18前記管理情報再符号化手段は、前記管理情報符号化手段が前記メモリ管理情報を付随させた符号化対象ピクチャとは異なる少なくとも1つの他の符号化対象ピクチャに付随させて前記メモリ管理情報を再度符号化することを特徴とする請求項14から17のいずれか1項に記載の画像符号化装置。
- 19メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して復号化する画像復号化装置であって、前記メモリに保存されている参照ピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を復号化する管理情報復号化手段と、前記管理情報復号化手段が復号化したメモリ管理情報に基づいて、前記メモリのメモリ領域を開放する場合に、開放するメモリ領域が開放済でなければメモリ領域を開放し、開放するメモリ領域がすでに開放済であれば前記メモリに対して何も処理を行わないメモリ管理情報制御手段とを備えることを特徴とする画像復号化装置。
- 20ピクチャの保存時間の短い短時間保存メモリと、前記短時間保存メモリより画像の保存時間の長い長時間保存メモリを備えるメモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して復号化する画像復号化装置であって、前記メモリに保存されているピクチャを制御管理するためのメモリ管理情報を復号化する管理情報復号化手段と、前記管理情報復号化手段が復号化したメモリ管理情報が指定する、前記メモリ内に保存されているピクチャを前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動する対象の参照ピクチャがメモリに存在すれば当該参照ピクチャを前記短時間保存メモリから前記長時間保存メモリに移動し、移動する対象の参照ピクチャがメモリに存在しなければメモリに対して何も処理を行わないメモリ管理情報制御手段とを備えることを特徴とする画像復号化装置。
- 21メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照して符号化する画像符号化装置であって、重要度が符号化対象ピクチャ以上である前記メモリ内に保存されている参照ピクチャを参照ピクチャの候補として符号化する符号化手段を備えることを特徴とする画像符号化装置。
- 22コンピュータにより、請求項1記載の画像符号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項1記載の画像符号化方法に含まれるステップをコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 23コンピュータにより、請求項4記載の画像符号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項4記載の画像符号化方法に含まれるステップをコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 24コンピュータにより、請求項8記載の画像復号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項8記載の画像復号化方法をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 25コンピュータにより、請求項5記載の画像符号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項5記載の画像符号化方法に含まれるステップをコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 26コンピュータにより、請求項9記載の画像復号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項9記載の画像復号化方法をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 27コンピュータにより、請求項10記載の画像符号化方法を行うためのプログラムであって、請求項10記載の画像符号化方法をコンピュータに実行させることを特徴とするプログラム。
- 28符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するステップと、前記符号化対象ピクチャを符号化した後に参照されない参照ピクチャがメモリ内にあるかないかを判断するステップと、前記参照されない参照ピクチャがあれば、参照されないことにより不要になるメモリ領域を開放するコマンドとして、符号化データを復号化する復号化装置において前記符号化対象ピクチャを復号化した後に前記不要になるメモリ領域を開放することを示すコマンドを符号化するステップと、前記不要になるメモリ領域を開放するステップと、前記符号化対象ピクチャより後に符号化される別の符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するときに、前記別の符号化対象ピクチャを復号化する前に前記不要になるメモリ領域を開放することを示すコマンドを符号化するステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像符号化方法。
- 29復号化対象ピクチャに付随するメモリを管理するメモリ管理情報を復号化するステップと、前記メモリ管理情報が、前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化する前にメモリを管理する処理をすることを示す復号化前用コマンドであるかどうかを判断する第一の判断ステップと、前記第一の判断ステップで前記メモリ管理情報が前記復号化前用コマンドであると判断されたとき、メモリを管理する処理が済んでいるかどうかを判断する第二の判断ステップと、前記第二の判断ステップにおいてメモリを管理する処理が済んでいると判断されたとき、前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化し、前記第二の判断ステップにおいてメモリを管理する処理が済んでいないと判断されたとき、前記メモリ管理情報に基づきメモリを管理する処理をした後に前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化するステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像復号化方法。
- 30復号化対象ピクチャに付随するメモリを管理するメモリ管理情報を復号化するステップと、前記メモリ管理情報が、前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化する前にメモリを管理する処理をすることを示す復号化前用コマンドであるかどうかを判断する第一の判断ステップと、前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化する復号化ステップと、前記第一の判断ステップにおいて、前記メモリ管理情報が前記復号化前用コマンドでないと判断されたとき、前記メモリ管理情報が、復号化対象ピクチャを復号化した後にメモリを管理する処理をすることを示す復号化後用コマンドであるかどうかを判断する第三の判断ステップと、前記第三の判断ステップにおいて、前記メモリ管理情報が前記復号化後用コマンドであると判断されたとき、前記メモリ管理情報に基づきメモリを管理する処理をするステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像復号化方法。
- 31符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するステップと、前記符号化対象ピクチャを符号化した後にメモリ内にある参照ピクチャが全て参照されないピクチャかどうかを判断する判断ステップと、前記判断ステップにおいて、前記メモリ内にある参照ピクチャは全て参照されないピクチャであると判断されたとき、前記メモリ内にある参照ピクチャを全て削除する命令である初期化コマンドを符号化するステップと、前記メモリ内にある参照ピクチャを全て削除する初期化ステップと、前記符号化対象ピクチャより後に符号化される別の符号化対象ピクチャを符号化するときに、前記符号化対象ピクチャの符号化時に削除された、前記符号化対象ピクチャより前に前記メモリ内に保存された全参照ピクチャを削除の対象とする付加情報に基づいて、メモリ内にある参照ピクチャを削除することを示す命令である初期化再送コマンドを符号化するステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像符号化方法。
- 32復号化対象ピクチャに付随するメモリを管理するメモリ管理情報を復号化するステップと、前記復号化対象ピクチャを復号化するステップと、前記メモリ管理情報に、メモリ内にある参照ピクチャを全て削除する命令である初期化コマンドがあるかどうかを判断する初期化判断ステップと、前記初期化判断ステップにおいて前記メモリ管理情報に、前記初期化コマンドがあると判断されなかったとき、前記メモリ管理情報に、前記復号化対象ピクチャより前に復号化された別の復号化対象ピクチャを復号化したときに初期化して削除するべきである、前記別の復号化対象ピクチャより前に前記メモリ内に保存された参照ピクチャを削除するために、削除の対象を示す付加情報に基づいて、メモリ内にある参照ピクチャを削除する命令である初期化再送コマンドがあるかどうかを判断する初期化再送判断ステップと、前記初期化再送判断ステップにおいて、前記メモリ管理情報が前記初期化再送コマンドであると判断されたとき、メモリ内にある参照ピクチャが全て削除されているかどうかを判断する初期化済み判断ステップと、前記初期化済み判断ステップにおいて、メモリ内にある参照ピクチャが全て削除されていないと判断されたとき、前記付加情報に基づいてメモリ内にある参照ピクチャを削除する削除ステップとを含むことを特徴とする画像復号化方法。
- 33前記メモリは、先入先出メモリである短時間保存メモリと前記短時間保存メモリよりも参照ピクチャを長時間保存するために用いられる長時間保存メモリとを有しており、前記削除ステップにおいて、さらに前記長時間保存メモリのサイズを0とすることを特徴とする請求項32に記載の画像復号化方法。
- 34メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択した参照ピクチャを参照してスライス単位で符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体であって、前記メモリ内に保存されている参照ピクチャをメモリから除去する場合に、除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を少なくとも2つのスライスに付随して符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体。
- 35メモリ内に保存されている複数の参照ピクチャから選択したピクチャを参照してスライス単位で符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体であって、前記メモリ内に保存されている参照ピクチャをメモリから除去する場合に、除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を少なくとも2つのスライスに付随して符号化し、さらに前記スライスが前記除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を有することを示す情報を前記スライスに付随して符号化し、前記除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を有さないスライスで、前記除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を参照するとき、前記除去する対象の参照ピクチャを指定する情報を参照することを示す情報を符号化したデータストリームが記録された記録媒体。
Independent claims35
578 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
【0001】
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention relates to an image coding method for efficiently compressing a moving image signal by utilizing the correlation between screens, an image decoding method for correctly decoding the moving image signal, a program for implementing the same by software, and the like.
【0002】
[Conventional technology]
In recent years, we have entered the multimedia era in which audio, images, and other pixel values are handled in an integrated manner. It has come to be taken up as a target. In general, multimedia refers to expressing not only characters but also figures, sounds, especially images, etc. at the same time. However, in order to make the above-mentioned conventional information media a target of multimedia, the information is converted into a digital format. Is an indispensable condition.
【0003】
However, when the amount of information possessed by each of the above information media is estimated as the amount of digital information, the amount of information per character is 1 to 2 bytes in the case of characters, whereas the amount of information per second in the case of voice is 64 kbits (telephone quality). ) Furthermore, the amount of information required for moving images is 100 Mbits (current TV reception quality) or more per second, and it is not realistic to handle the enormous amount of information as it is in digital format with the above information media. For example, videophones have already been put into practical use by the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN), which has a transmission speed of 64 kbps to 1.5 Mbps, but it is impossible to send video from a TV camera as it is via ISDN. Is.
【0004】
Therefore, information compression technology is required. For example, in the case of videophones, the H.261 and H.263 standards internationally standardized by the ITU-T (International Telecommunication Union Telecommunication Standardization Division). Video compression technology is used. In addition, according to the MPEG-1 standard information compression technology, it is possible to put image information together with audio information on a normal music CD (compact disc).
【0005】
Here, MPEG (Moving Picture Experts Group) is an international standard for digital compression of moving screen signals, and MPEG-1 reduces moving screen signals up to 1.5 Mbps, that is, TV signal information to about 1/100. It is a standard that compresses to. In addition, since the transmission speed for the MPEG-1 standard is mainly limited to about 1.5 Mbps, the moving image signal is 2 to 15 Mbps in the MPEG-2 standardized to meet the demand for higher image quality. Is compressed to.
【0006】
Furthermore, at present, the working group (ISO / IEC JTC1 / SC29 / WG11), which has been standardizing MPEG-1 and MPEG-2, has standardized MPEG-4, which has a higher compression ratio. Initially, MPEG-4 introduced powerful error tolerance technology that not only enables highly efficient coding at low bit rates, but also reduces subjective image quality deterioration even if transmission line errors occur. .. In addition, the standardization activity of JVT (Joint Video Team) is in progress as a next-generation screen coding method jointly by ISO / IEC and ITU, and at present, the one called Joint Model 2 (JM2) is the latest.
【0007】
In JVT, unlike the conventional moving image coding, an arbitrary image (picture) can be selected as a reference image from a plurality of images (pictures) as a forward reference image. Here, the picture represents a frame or a field.
【0008】
FIG. 35 (a) is an explanatory diagram of image coding in which an image selected from a plurality of reference images stored in a memory is referenced and encoded. FIG. 35 (b) is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a memory in which an image is stored.
【0009】
As shown in FIG. 35 (b), the memory is composed of a short-time storage memory and a long-time storage memory. The short-time storage memory stores several images decoded immediately before, and is referred to as a so-called MPEG-1 or MPEG-2 P picture (forward predictive coded picture) and B picture (bidirectional predictive coded picture). Corresponds to the image. The long-time storage memory is used to store the image signal for a longer time than the short-time storage memory.
【0010】
Normally, the short-time storage memory is a FIFO (first-in, first-out) memory, and when an image that exceeds the upper limit of the memory is saved in the short-time storage memory, the image with the oldest time in the short-time storage memory is removed. The new image is saved in that area. Therefore, normally, when you want to refer to the reference image removed from the memory by the FIFO mechanism, you can move the reference image from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory in advance and save it in the long-time storage memory. Allows long-term reference. The long-time memory is a method of clearly indicating the area to be saved, and the pictures saved in the area can be referred to unless the same area is specified and overwritten.
【0011】
FIG. 35 (a) shows the prediction status at the time of image coding. The image of picture number 2 refers to the image of picture number 0, and the image of picture number 1 refers to the image of picture number 0 or picture number 2. refer. Similarly, the image of picture number 4 refers to the image of picture numbers 0 and 2, and the image of picture number 6 refers to the image of picture number 0. Further, in the image of picture number 5, the images of picture numbers 0, 2, 4, and 6 can be referred to.
【0012】
By the way, in FIG. 35 (a), the images of picture numbers 0, 6 and 12 are referred to after a relatively long time, whereas the images of picture numbers 2, 4 and 8 are from the images after a short time. Only referenced. Therefore, the memory area for storing images is divided into a short-time storage memory and a long-time storage memory as shown in Fig. 35 (b), and picture (frame) numbers 0, 6, and 12 are stored in the memory that requires long-term storage. Images can be saved.
【0013】
By the way, in order to use the memory as shown in Fig. 35 (a) efficiently, advanced memory management is required, and a mechanism for controlling the memory is introduced in JVT.
【0014】
The commands to control the memory are as follows. 1. Command to select a reference image 2. Command to release the memory area where the picture that is no longer needed as a reference image for predictive coding in the short-time storage memory is released 3. The contents of the short-time storage memory are lengthened. Command to move to the time storage memory In image coding / decoding, an image with a small prediction error in block units is selected as the reference image from the referenceable images, so a signal indicating the reference image in block units is required. is there. By selecting an image that can be referred to in advance, the number of reference image candidates can be narrowed down to an appropriate value, and the number of bits of the reference image instruction signal required for each block can be saved.
【0015】
Also, when moving from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory, it is useless even if the same contents are saved in both the short-time storage memory and the long-time storage memory. Remove the image.
【0016】
FIGS. 36 (a) and 36 (b) are flowcharts showing a conventional image coding method and an image decoding method. FIG. 36 (a) shows the operation of the image coding device when the memory area in which the picture that is no longer needed as the reference image for predictive coding is released is released. In FIG. 36 (a), the image coding device first encodes the input input image (Step 100). After coding, the unnecessary area (image that will not be referenced in future coding) is investigated in the memory (Step 101), and it is determined whether there is an unnecessary memory area (Step 102). When it is determined that there is an unnecessary memory area (Yes in Step 102), the command to release the unnecessary memory area is encoded as memory management information (Step 103), and the unnecessary memory area is released (the image in the memory is removed). ) (Step 104) to end the process. On the other hand, when the image coding apparatus determines that there is no unnecessary memory area (No in Step 102), the operations of Step 103 and Step 104 are not performed, and the process ends.
【0017】
Next, the operation performed by the image decoding device when releasing the memory area in which the picture that is no longer needed as the reference image for predictive coding is released will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 36 (b). First, the image decoding device decodes the memory management information (Step 110), and then decodes the image signal from the encoded signal (Step 111). As a result of the investigation, the image decoding device determines whether there is a memory release command (Step112), and if there is a memory release command (Yes in Step112), there is an image to be removed by that command, or the memory has already been released. It is determined whether the image has been removed (Step 113). If it is determined that the file has been released (Yes in Step 113), an error (ERROR) is set. This is because JVT prohibits sending a command to remove the same image again after removing the image from the memory, so an error will occur if the released memory is released again. On the other hand, if the image decoding device determines that it has not been released (No in Step 113), it releases the memory (Step 114) and ends the process. If it is determined that there is no memory release command (No in Step 112), the operations of Step 113 and Step 114 are not performed, and the process ends. Note that Step 110 and Step 111 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0018】
FIGS. 37 (a) and 37 (b) are flowcharts showing other conventional image coding methods and image decoding methods. FIG. 37 (a) shows the operation performed by the image coding device when moving an image from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory.
【0019】
In FIG. 37 (a), first, the image coding device encodes the input image (Step 120). After encoding, it is investigated whether there is an image to be moved to the storage memory for a long time (Step121), and it is determined whether there is an image to be moved (Step122). If there is an image to be moved (Yes in Step122), encode a command indicating how to move it to the long-time storage memory as memory management information (Step123), and move the image to the long-time storage memory according to the command. Then (Step 124), the process ends. On the other hand, when the image coding device determines that there is no image to be moved to the storage memory for a long time (No in Step 122), the operations of Step 123 and Step 124 are not performed, and the process ends.
【0020】
Next, the operation performed by the image decoding device when moving an image from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 37 (b). First, the image decoding device decodes the memory management information (Step 130), and then decodes the image signal from the encoded signal (Step 131). Then, the image decoding device determines whether or not there is a command to move to the long-time storage memory in the decoded memory management information (Step132), and if it determines that there is (Yes in Step132), then the command is used. It is determined whether there is an image to be moved or whether it has already been moved (the image does not exist because it has been removed after the move) (Step 133). JVT prohibits sending a command to move the same image to the long-time storage memory again after moving it to the long-time storage memory, so move the image that has been moved to the long-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory again. In some cases, it is supposed to be an error. Therefore, if the image decoding device determines that the image has been moved to the long-time storage memory (Yes in Step 133), it makes an error (ERROR), and if it determines that the image has not been moved, it moves to the long-time storage memory (Yes). Step134) Finish the process.
【0021】
On the other hand, when the image decoding device determines that there is no command to move to the storage memory for a long time, the operations of Step 133 and Step 134 (No of Step 132) are not performed, and the process ends. Note that Step 130 and Step 131 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0022】
FIGS. 38 (a) and 38 (b) are flowcharts showing still other conventional image coding methods and image decoding methods. First, the operation performed by the image coding device when selecting a referenceable image will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 38 (a).
【0023】
First, the image coding apparatus selects a reference image (usually a reference image that is close in time) that is expected to have a high correlation with the coded image as a candidate for the reference image (Step 200). Next, the instruction information (a type of memory management information) indicating the selected reference image candidates is encoded (Step 201), and the appropriate reference image is referenced and encoded in block units from the selected reference image candidates (Step 201). Step202), end the process. Note that Step 201 and Step 202 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0024】
Next, the operation performed by the image decoding device when selecting a referenceable image will be described with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 38 (b). First, the image decoding device decodes the instruction information which is a kind of memory management information (Step 210), and as a result, selects a reference image candidate from the memory (Step 211), and from the selected reference image candidates. Decoding while selecting and referencing an appropriate reference image for each block (Step 212), and ending the process.
【0025】
[Non-Patent Document 1]
Working Draft Number 2, Revision 0 (WD-2), Joint Video Team (JVT) of ISO / IEC and ITU-T VCEG, JVT-B118, 13 March, 2002 [0026]
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
By the way, in such a conventional image coding method and image decoding method, a command for removing an unnecessary image from a memory and a command for moving an image from a short-time storage memory to a long-time storage memory are issued by an image encoding device. It is encoded and output, and then transmitted to an image decoding device for decoding. However, since the number of times this transmission is limited to only one picture, if the picture with that command disappears due to a transmission error or the like. Since the image layout in the memory cannot be restored correctly, the image cannot be decoded.
【0027】
Further, in image coding and decoding, when a reference image is selected, if only images that are close in time are simply used as reference image candidates, the scalability of image decoding (the prediction structure of FIG. 35 (a)) In the example, the B picture can be decoded without decoding the I picture or P picture, and the other P pictures can be decoded without decoding the P pictures with picture numbers 4, 10 and 16). Cannot be encoded. That is, the images that are close in time to the image of picture number 6 are the images of picture numbers 4 and 2, but since only the image of picture number 0 can actually be referred to, the images of picture numbers 4 and 2 that cannot be referred to are referred to. The coding efficiency is not so good when it is included in the candidates.
【0028】
Further, in the conventional image coding method, a command for removing an unnecessary image in the memory and a command for moving the image from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory are transmitted along with the image that is not stored in the memory. Since this is prohibited, flexible command transmission of memory management information is hindered. There are the following reasons for prohibiting the transmission of the command accompanying an image that is not saved in memory. That is, the image that is not saved in memory is the least important and is likely not to be decoded due to scalability, so the command associated with the image that is not saved in memory is not decoded and the image layout in memory is restored correctly. This is to avoid what cannot be done.
【0029】
Therefore, in order to solve the above problems, the present invention includes an image coding method and an image decoding method that can be correctly restored even if some memory management information is lost due to a transmission line error, and a reference image that can be referred to. It is an object of the present invention to provide an image coding method, an image decoding method, and the like that more appropriately select the candidates of the above and improve the coding efficiency.
【0030】
[Means for solving problems]
In order to solve this problem, the image coding method according to the present invention is an image coding method that encodes by referring to a reference picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in a memory. The coded object of the picture coding step for encoding the image to be encoded with reference to the selected reference picture, and the memory management information for controlling and managing the reference picture stored in the memory. It is characterized by including a management information coding step for encoding along with a picture, and a management information recoding step for recoding the memory management information separately from the coding in the management information coding step. ..
【0031】
As a result, the memory management information is encoded and output multiple times, so that even if a transmission line error occurs when the information is transmitted to the decoding device, one of the memory management information transmitted multiple times is transmitted. Since it is considered to be decrypted, there is a high possibility that the picture can be restored correctly.
【0032】
Further, in the management information recoding step, the re-encoded memory management information is accompanied by information for identifying the coded target picture to which the memory management information is attached in the management information coding step. You may.
【0033】
As a result, if a transmission error occurs when the first encoded memory management information associated with the coded picture is transmitted to the image decoding device, the coded picture associated with the memory management information is specified. Therefore, it is possible to detect when a transmission error has occurred.
【0034】
Further, in the management information coding step, when the memory management information is attached to the coded target picture that is not stored in the memory, the memory management information is stored in the memory in the management information recoding step. It may be attached to the coded target picture.
【0035】
As a result, the memory management information is attached to the important image that is decoded and stored in the memory, so that the memory management information is surely decrypted and the possibility that the picture can be restored correctly increases.
【0036】
Further, the image decoding method of the present invention is an image decoding method for decoding by referring to a reference picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in the memory, and is a reference stored in the memory. When the memory management information for controlling and managing a picture is decoded and the unnecessary memory area of the memory is released based on the decoded memory management information, the memory area to be released is not already released. If the memory area to be released has already been released, no processing is performed on the memory.
【0037】
As a result, even when the memory management information indicating that the picture is to be removed from the memory is received a plurality of times, the picture can be correctly decoded without error processing.
【0038】
Further, it is an image decoding method that decodes by referring to a reference picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in the memory, and the memory is a short-time storage memory having a short storage time of the reference picture. The image decoding method decodes the memory management information for controlling and managing the reference picture stored in the memory, which includes a long-time storage memory having a longer storage time of the reference picture than the short-time storage memory. When the reference picture stored in the memory is moved from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory based on the decoded memory management information, the reference picture to be moved is the short-time storage memory. If the reference picture is present in the short-time storage memory, the reference picture is moved from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory, and if the reference picture to be moved does not exist in the short-time storage memory, the reference picture is not moved in the memory. May be good.
【0039】
As a result, even if the memory management information is received a plurality of times, the picture can be correctly decoded without error processing. Further, it is an image coding method that encodes by referring to a reference picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in the memory, and is stored in the memory whose importance is equal to or higher than the coded target picture. The reference picture may be encoded as a candidate for the reference picture.
【0040】
As a result, it is possible to more appropriately select the referenceable picture candidates and improve the coding efficiency. Further, the image coding method according to the present invention includes a step of encoding a picture to be encoded, a step of determining whether or not a reference picture that is not referenced after encoding the picture to be encoded is present in the memory. If there is a reference picture that is not referenced, as a command to release a memory area that becomes unnecessary because it is not referenced, the memory that becomes unnecessary after decoding the coded picture in a decoding device that decodes the encoded data. When encoding a command indicating that an area is released, a step of releasing the unnecessary memory area, and another coded picture to be encoded after the coded picture. It is characterized by including a step of encoding a command indicating that the unnecessary memory area is released before decoding the other coded target picture.
【0041】
As a result, even if the first command, which indicates that the memory area that is no longer needed is released, is missing, the next command to be transmitted is executed before the picture is decrypted, so the command execution delay is reduced. can do.
【0042】
Further, the image decoding method according to the present invention includes a step of decoding memory management information for managing a memory attached to a picture to be decoded, and before the memory management information decodes the picture to be decoded. In the first determination step of determining whether or not the command is a pre-decoding command indicating that the memory management process is performed, and in the first determination step, the memory management information is the pre-decoding command. When it is determined, the second determination step of determining whether or not the memory management process has been completed, and the decoding when it is determined that the memory management process has been completed in the second determination step. When the target picture is decoded and it is determined that the memory management process has not been completed in the second determination step, the decryption target picture is decoded after the memory management process is performed based on the memory management information. It is characterized by including steps to be performed.
【0043】
As a result, even if the first command, which indicates that the memory area that is no longer needed is released, is missing, the next command to be transmitted is executed before the picture is decrypted, so the command execution delay is reduced. can do.
【0044】
Further, the image coding method according to the present invention includes a step of encoding a picture to be coded and a determination of determining whether or not all the reference pictures in the memory are not referenced after the picture to be coded is encoded. In the step and the determination step, when it is determined that all the reference pictures in the memory are unreferenced pictures, a step of encoding an initialization command which is an instruction to delete all the reference pictures in the memory. And the initialization step of deleting all the reference pictures in the memory, and the coding of the coded object picture when encoding another coded object picture encoded after the coded object picture. This is an instruction indicating to delete the reference picture in the memory based on the additional information that is deleted at the time and the all reference pictures stored in the memory before the coded image are to be deleted. It is characterized by including a step of encoding an initialization retransmission command.
【0045】
As a result, when the initialization command is transmitted to the decoding device, even if the initialization command is missing due to a transmission line error, the memory can be initialized normally based on the additional information of the initialization retransmission command. Can be done.
【0046】
Further, the image decoding method according to the present invention includes a step of decoding memory management information for managing a memory associated with a picture to be decoded, a step of decoding the picture to be decoded, and the memory management information. , It is determined in the initialization determination step of determining whether or not there is an initialization command which is an instruction to delete all the reference pictures in the memory, and in the initialization determination step, that the memory management information includes the initialization command. When not, the memory management information should be initialized and deleted when another decoding target picture decoded before the decoding target picture is decoded. Whether there is an initialization retransmission command that is an instruction to delete the reference picture in the memory based on the additional information indicating the deletion target in order to delete the reference picture stored in the memory before the picture. In the initialization / retransmission determination step and the initialization / retransmission determination step, when it is determined that the memory management information is the initialization / retransmission command, it is determined whether or not all the reference pictures in the memory have been deleted. When it is determined in the initialized determination step to determine and the initialized determination step that all the reference pictures in the memory have not been deleted, the pictures in the memory are deleted based on the additional information. It is characterized by including steps.
【0047】
As a result, when the initialization command is transmitted to the decoding device, even if the initialization command is missing due to a transmission line error, the memory can be initialized normally based on the additional information of the initialization retransmission command. Can be done.
【0048】
Further, a recording medium in which a data stream encoded in slice units with reference to a picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in the memory is recorded, and the reference picture stored in the memory is used. When removing from memory, the information that specifies the reference picture to be removed may be encoded along with at least two slices.
【0049】
As a result, when coding is performed on a slice-by-slice basis, information that specifies the reference picture to be removed from the memory that has been transmitted multiple times even if a transmission path error occurs when the image is transmitted to the decoding device. Since any one of them is considered to be transmitted and decoded, there is a high possibility that the picture can be correctly restored in slice units.
【0050】
Further, a recording medium in which a data stream encoded in slice units with reference to a picture selected from a plurality of reference pictures stored in the memory is recorded, and the reference picture stored in the memory is recorded. Information that, when removed from memory, encodes information that specifies the reference picture to be removed associated with at least two slices, and further indicates that the slice has information that specifies the reference picture to be removed. Is associated with the slice and does not have the information to specify the reference picture to be removed. When the information to specify the reference picture to be removed is referred to, the reference to the target to be removed is referenced. The information indicating that the information that specifies the picture is referenced may be encoded.
【0051】
As a result, in the slice that does not have the information that specifies the picture to be removed, the addition of the information can be omitted, and the coding efficiency can be improved. The present invention can be realized not only as such an image coding method and an image decoding method, but also as an image coding device and an image decoding device using such a method, or an image code. The data stream encoded by the encoding method can be realized as a recording medium on which the data stream is recorded, or can be realized as a program that causes a computer to perform steps in the image coding method and the image decoding method. Needless to say, such a program can be distributed via a recording medium such as a CD-ROM or a transmission medium such as the Internet.
【0052】
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Than under the embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. (Embodiment 1) First, the first embodiment will be described.
【0053】
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image coding device for realizing the image coding method according to the present embodiment. The image coding device 100 refers to the memory information control unit 101, the short-time storage memory management unit 102, the long-time storage memory management unit 103, the non-storage memory management information unit 104, and the management information coding unit 105. The image selection unit 106, the storage area designation unit 107, the reference area designation unit 108, the image memory 109, the image decoding unit 111, the image coding unit 110, the variable length coding unit 112, and the counter 113. , Counter 114, etc.
【0054】
The reference image selection unit 106 selects a reference image candidate from the importance instruction signal Pri and the picture type information PicType input from the outside, and notifies the memory information control unit 101.
【0055】
The memory information control unit 101 determines whether or not the front and rear images (pictures) can be referred to by the picture type information PicType, commands the reference area designation unit 108, and responds from the image memory 109. The reference image is output to the image coding unit 110.
【0056】
The image coding unit 110 encodes the input image signal Vin with reference to the reference image output from the image memory 109, and the variable length coding unit 112 further performs variable length coding to output the image coding stream VideoStr. The output of the image coding unit 110 is also decoded by the image decoding unit 111 to become a decoded image, and is stored in the image memory 109 as a reference image.
【0057】
At this time, the memory position where the decoded image can be stored in the image memory 109 is specified as follows. The memory information control unit 101 makes an inquiry to the short-time storage memory management unit 102, identifies the memory location where the image has been removed in the short-time memory, and the storage area specification unit 107 records the decoded image in that memory location. , Gives an instruction to the image memory 109.
【0058】
The short-time storage memory management unit 102 notifies the memory information control unit unit 101 of a command to detect and remove (release the memory) unnecessary (unreferenced) images in the short-time storage memory. Further, the long-time storage memory management unit 103 notifies the memory information control unit 101 of a command to move the image in the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory. This unnecessary image removal (memory release) command and the command to move the image in the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory are encoded by the management information coding unit 105, and are combined with the memory management information stream CtlStr. Become.
【0059】
On the other hand, in order to prevent the memory management information from being damaged due to the loss of a part of the memory management information stream CtlStr due to the transmission line error, the counter 113 for the short-time storage memory and the counter 114 for the long-time storage memory Then, the number of encodings of the unnecessary image removal command and the command for moving the image in the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory is measured, and the above command can be transmitted a plurality of times as needed.
【0060】
Further, the non-storing memory management information unit 104 encodes a command for removing unnecessary images and a command for moving an image in the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory in association with an image of low importance and difficult to be decoded. The memory information control unit manages whether or not the image has been converted, and when the above command is encoded accompanying an image of low importance, the command is encoded again accompanying the image of higher importance. Give instructions to 101.
【0061】
Next, the image coding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing the image coding method according to the first embodiment, and shows the operation performed by the image coding device 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 2, the same symbols are attached to those having the same operation as those in FIG. 36 (a).
【0062】
The feature of the image coding method shown in FIG. 2 is that when an unnecessary image (picture) exists in the memory as a reference image for predictive coding, the memory area in which the image is stored is released (the image is released). It is to repeatedly encode the memory management information command (to be removed). By repeatedly encoding the memory management information command in this way, even if one memory management information command disappears due to a transmission line error, the other memory management information command is saved in the memory. Since the image management information can be restored, there is a high possibility that the image can be restored correctly even if there is a transmission line error.
【0063】
In FIG. 2, first, the input image is encoded (Step 100). After coding, the unnecessary area (image that will not be referenced in future coding) is investigated in the memory (Step 101), and it is determined whether there is an unnecessary memory area (Step 102). When there is an unnecessary memory area (Yes in Step 102), the management information coding unit 105 encodes a command for releasing the unnecessary memory area as memory management information (Step 103). Then, the unnecessary memory area is released (Step 104). If there is no unnecessary memory area (No in Step 102), the operations of Step 103 and Step 104 are not performed.
【0064】
Next, the memory information control unit 101 encodes a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area as memory management information in association with the coding of the image encoded immediately before (the image before the encoding target). (Step 105), if the command is not encoded (No in Step 105), the process ends, and if the command is encoded (Yes in Step 105), the management information encoding unit 105 determines. The command to release the unnecessary memory area is encoded again as memory management information (Step 106), and the process is terminated.
【0065】
In this way, when the command for releasing unnecessary memory (of memory management information) is encoded by encoding the immediately preceding image, the command for memory management information is encoded again. The memory management information encoded accompanying the coding of the immediately preceding image and the memory management information encoded again are output from the image encoding device, transmitted to the image decoding device, and decoded.
【0066】
In addition, when the command to release the unnecessary memory area is encoded along with the encoding signal of the image encoded immediately before in Step 105, the command is encoded again, but the image immediately before Not only when it is attached, but also when it is attached to an image several images before, and further, the above command may be repeatedly encoded as memory management information and transmitted along with a plurality of images.
【0067】
Further, it suffices if the command for releasing the unnecessary memory area can be transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. do not have to.
【0068】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0069】
By transmitting the command (of the memory management information) that releases the unnecessary memory area multiple times in this way, even if a transmission line error occurs, one of the commands transmitted multiple times is transmitted. Since it is considered that the image is decoded correctly, there is a high possibility that the image can be restored correctly.
【0070】
(Embodiment 2) Next, Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described. FIG. 3 is a block diagram of an image decoding device for realizing the image decoding method according to the second embodiment.
【0071】
The image decoding device 200 includes a memory information control unit 201, a short-time storage memory management unit 202, a long-time storage memory management unit 203, a management information decoding unit 205, a storage area designation unit 207, and a reference area designation. It is composed of a unit 208, an image memory 209, an image decoding unit 210, a variable length decoding unit 212, and the like.
【0072】
The memory information control unit 201 determines whether or not the front and rear images can be referred to the coded target by the picture type information PicType, and commands the reference area designation unit 208 to refer to the image memory. The corresponding reference image is output from 209 to the image decoding unit 210.
【0073】
The variable-length decoding unit 212 decodes the coded stream VideoStr, and the image decoding unit 210 further decodes it, outputs it as a decoded image signal Vout, and stores it in the image memory 209 as a reference image.
【0074】
At this time, the memory position where the decoded image can be stored in the image memory 209 is specified as follows. Image memory 209 so that the memory information control unit 201 queries the short-time storage memory management unit 202 to identify the removed memory location of the image, and the storage area specification unit 207 records the decoded image at that memory location. Give instructions to.
【0075】
The management information decoding unit 205 decodes the memory management information stream CtlStr and notifies the short-time storage memory management unit 202 of unnecessary (unreferenced) image information in the short-time storage memory through the memory information control unit 201. Then, the command to move the image in the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory is notified to the long-time storage memory management unit 203.
【0076】
Next, the image decoding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention will be described. FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing the image decoding method according to the second embodiment, and shows the operation performed by the image decoding apparatus 200 shown in FIG. In FIG. 4, those having the same operation as those in FIG. 36 (b) are given the same symbols.
【0077】
When the image encoding device transmits a command to release an unnecessary memory area multiple times, the image decoding device releases the same image area in the memory multiple times unless the command disappears due to a transmission line error. Will receive the command to do. Therefore, even if the image decoding device receives a command to release the already released memory area again, it must realize an image decoding method that determines that the command has been correctly received without processing it as an error. .. In this embodiment, such an image decoding method is realized.
【0078】
In FIG. 4, first, the management information decoding unit 205 decodes the memory management information (Step 110). Next, the image signal is decoded from the coded signal (Step 111). Then, the memory information control unit 201 determines whether or not there is a command to release the memory in the decoded memory management information (Step 112). If there is a command to release the memory (Yes in Step 112), it is determined whether there is an image to be removed by that command or if it has already been released (removed) (Step 113), and if the memory has been released (Step 113). Yes) Exits without any processing, otherwise frees memory (Step 114) and terminates processing. On the other hand, if there is no memory release command (No in Step 112), the operations of Step 113 and Step 114 are not performed and the process ends. Note that Step 110 and Step 111 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0079】
By the above operation, even when the command for releasing the same image area in the memory is encoded and transmitted a plurality of times by the image coding method of the first embodiment and the image decoding apparatus 200 receives the command a plurality of times. , Since it is not processed as an error, an image decoding method that can be correctly decoded can be realized.
【0080】
It is sufficient that the command for releasing the unnecessary memory area is transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is not necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. It doesn't have to be.
【0081】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0082】
(Embodiment 3) Next, the image coding method in the third embodiment will be described. FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing the image coding method according to the third embodiment, and shows the operation performed by the image coding device 100. In Fig. 5, those with the same operation as in Fig. 37 (a) are given the same symbols.
【0083】
The feature of this embodiment is that when there is an image to be moved from the short-time storage memory to the long-time storage memory in the memory, the command of the memory management information for moving the image is repeatedly encoded. By repeatedly encoding the memory management information command, even if one memory management information command disappears due to a transmission line error, the image management information saved in the memory from the other memory management information command can be used. Therefore, there is a high possibility that the image can be restored correctly even if there is a transmission line error.
【0084】
In FIG. 5, first, the input image is encoded (Step 120). Investigate whether there is an image that should be moved to the long-term storage memory after coding (Step 121). Then, the memory information control unit 101 determines whether or not there is an image to be moved to the storage memory for a long time (Step 122). If there is an image to be moved (Yes in Step 122), the management information coding unit 105 encodes a command indicating how to move to the storage memory for a long time as memory management information (Step 123). Then, the image is moved to the storage memory for a long time according to the command (Step 124).
【0085】
Next, does the memory information control unit 101 encode a command to move to the long-time storage memory accompanying the encoded signal of the image encoded immediately before (the image before the encoding target) as memory management information? If it is determined whether or not it is (Step 125), if it is not encoded (No in Step 125), the process is finished, and if it is encoded (Yes in Step 125), the management information encoding unit 105 moves to the long-time storage memory. Encode the command to be executed as memory management information again (Step126), and end the process.
【0086】
In this way, when the command (of the memory management information) to move to the long-time storage memory is encoded by encoding the immediately preceding image, the command of the memory management information is encoded again. The memory management information encoded accompanying the coding of the immediately preceding image and the memory management information encoded again are output from the image encoding device, transmitted to the image decoding device, and decoded.
【0087】
In addition, in Step 125, when the command to move to the long-time storage memory is encoded along with the encoded signal of the image encoded immediately before, the command is encoded again, but it is attached to the image immediately before. It may be attached to an image several images before, and may be repeatedly encoded as memory management information and attached to a plurality of images.
【0088】
Further, it is sufficient that the command to move to the long-time storage memory can be transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. do not have to.
【0089】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0090】
By encoding and transmitting the command to move the image to the long-time storage memory multiple times as described above, even if a transmission line error occurs, one of the commands transmitted multiple times is transmitted. Since it is considered to be decrypted, there is a high possibility that the image can be restored correctly.
【0091】
(Embodiment 4) Next, the image decoding method of the fourth embodiment will be described. When the image encoder transmits a command to move to the long-time storage memory multiple times, the image decoding device lengthens the area of the same image in the short-time storage memory unless the command disappears due to a transmission line error. The command to move to the time storage memory will be received multiple times. Therefore, even if the image decoding apparatus receives a command to move an already moved image again, it is necessary to realize an image decoding method that determines that the image is correctly received without processing as an error. The feature of the image decoding method in the present embodiment is that such an image decoding method is realized.
【0092】
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing the image decoding method according to the fourth embodiment, and shows the operation of the image decoding device 200 shown in FIG. In Fig. 6, those with the same operation as in Fig. 37 (b) are given the same symbols.
【0093】
In FIG. 6, first, the management information decoding unit 205 decodes the memory management information (Step 130). Then, the image signal is decoded from the coded signal (Step 131). Then, the memory information control unit 201 determines whether or not there is a command to move the image to the long-time storage memory in the decoded memory management information (Step 132). If there is a command to move to the storage memory for a long time (Yes in Step 132), it is determined whether there is an image to be moved by that command or whether it has already been moved (the image does not exist because it has been removed after moving) (Yes). Step133), if it has been moved to the long-time storage memory (Yes in Step133), it ends without any processing, otherwise it moves to the long-time storage memory (Step134) and ends the processing.
【0094】
On the other hand, if there is no command to move to the storage memory for a long time (No in Step 132), the operations of Step 133 and Step 134 are not performed and the process ends. Note that Step 130 and Step 131 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0095】
By the above operation, it is possible to realize an image decoding method capable of correctly decoding even if a command for moving an image to a long-time storage memory is encoded and transmitted a plurality of times by the image coding method of the third embodiment. ..
【0096】
It is sufficient that the command to move to the long-time storage memory is transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. It doesn't have to be.
【0097】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0098】
(Embodiment 5) Next, the image coding method in the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing the image coding method according to the fifth embodiment, and shows the operation of the image coding device 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 7, those having the same operation as those in FIG. 2 are given the same symbols.
【0099】
The feature of this embodiment shown in FIG. 7 is that when an unnecessary image exists in the memory, the memory management information command for removing the image is repeatedly encoded and attached to an important screen saved in the memory at least once. And transmit. Even when the memory management information command is repeatedly encoded, if the memory management information command is transmitted along with the non-important image, the memory management information is not decoded when all the non-important images are not decoded. Command cannot be obtained.
【0100】
For example, in FIG. 35 (a), since the image of picture number 4 becomes unnecessary after encoding the image of picture number 5, a memory area containing the image of picture number 4 is provided along with the image of picture number 5. The command to be released can be encoded.
【0101】
However, in addition to encoding the command to release the memory area with the image of picture number 4 attached to the image of picture number 5, all of them are the most encoded along with the image of picture number 7. The above command is encoded along with a B picture of low importance (less deterioration in image quality when not decrypted). These B pictures may not be decoded, and the command to release the memory area containing the image of picture number 4 will not be decoded, and the management information in the memory cannot be reproduced correctly. Therefore, at least once, it is necessary to encode a command that is of high importance, must be decoded, and releases the image area associated with the image stored in memory.
【0102】
In FIG. 7, the input image is first encoded (Step 100). After coding, the unnecessary area (image that will not be referenced in future coding) is investigated in the memory (Step 101), and it is determined whether there is an unnecessary memory area (Step 102). If there is an unnecessary memory area (Yes in Step 102), the management information coding unit 105 encodes a command for releasing the unnecessary memory area as memory management information (Step 103). Then, the unnecessary memory area is released (Step 104). If there is no unnecessary memory area (No in Step 102), the operations of Step 103 and Step 104 are not performed.
【0103】
Next, the memory information control unit 101 determines whether a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area encoded in the past is encoded by being attached to an important image (decoded and saved in the memory). (Step140) If it is attached to the important image and encoded (Yes in Step140), the process is finished, and if it is not attached to the important image and encoded (No in Step140), the management information encoding unit 105 Re-encodes the command to release the unnecessary memory area as memory management information (Step 141) and ends the process.
【0104】
As a result, a command to release an unnecessary memory area is attached to the important image and encoded. As described above, since the above command is attached to the important image that is decoded and saved in the memory, the above command is decoded, and there is a possibility that the image can be restored correctly when a transmission line error occurs. Will be higher.
【0105】
It suffices if the command for releasing the unnecessary memory area can be transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is not necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. do not have to.
【0106】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0107】
(Embodiment 6) Next, the image coding method of the present embodiment will be described. FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing the image coding method according to the sixth embodiment. FIG. 8 shows the operation of the image coding device 100 shown in FIG. In FIG. 8, those having the same operation as those in FIG. 5 are given the same symbols.
【0108】
The feature of this embodiment shown in FIG. 8 is that the command of the memory management information for moving the image to the long-time storage memory is repeatedly encoded, and is attached to the important screen (decrypted and stored in the memory) at least once. To transmit. Even when repeatedly encoding the memory management information command that moves the image to the long-term storage memory, if the memory management information command is transmitted along with the less important image, the less important image will be displayed. If all are not decrypted, the memory management information command cannot be acquired.
【0109】
In FIG. 8, the input image is first encoded (Step 120). After encoding, it is investigated whether there is an image to be moved to the storage memory for a long time (Step121), and it is determined whether there is an image to be moved (Step122).
【0110】
If there is an image to be moved (Yes in Step 122), the command indicating how the management information coding unit 105 moves to the long-term storage memory is encoded as memory management information (Step 123), and the image is as per the command. To the long-term storage memory (Step 124).
【0111】
Next, the memory information control unit 101 determines whether or not the command to move to the long-time storage memory encoded in the past is encoded by being attached to the important image (decoded and stored in the memory). Then (Step 150), if it is attached to the important image (Yes in Step 150), the process is terminated, and if it is not attached to the important image (No in Step 150), the management information encoding unit 105 is stored in the long-time storage memory. The command to be moved is encoded again as memory management information (Step 151), and the process ends.
【0112】
As a result, the command to move the image to the long-time storage memory is encoded along with the important image. As described above, since the above command is attached to the important image that is decoded and saved in the memory, the above command is decoded, and there is a possibility that the image can be restored correctly when a transmission line error occurs. Will be higher.
【0113】
It is sufficient that the command to move to the long-time storage memory is transmitted a plurality of times as memory management information, and when the command is re-encoded and transmitted, it is not necessarily transmitted along with the coded signal of the image. It doesn't have to be.
【0114】
Further, when retransmitting the memory management information command, the retransmitted command may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. It may be recorded in the area of.
【0115】
(Embodiment 7) The image coding method in the seventh embodiment will be described. A feature of this embodiment is an image coding method in which coding is performed with reference to a reference image selected according to the importance of the image.
【0116】
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the image coding method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention. FIG. 9 shows the operation performed by the image coding apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
【0117】
In FIG. 9, first, the importance of each image to be encoded is set (Step 160). For example, I-pictures and P-pictures are of high importance, and B-pictures are of low importance. Further, even if the same P-picture is used, the P-picture that is referenced by many images is of high importance, and the P-picture that is not often referred to is of low importance.
【0118】
Next, an image having an importance equal to or higher than that of the image to be encoded is selected from the reference images in the memory and used as a candidate for the reference image (Step 161). For example, the B picture can refer to the I picture and the P picture, but the P picture excludes the less important P picture from the reference image candidates.
【0119】
Next, the instruction information (a type of memory management information) indicating the selected reference image candidates is encoded (Step 162), and the appropriate reference image is referenced and encoded in block units from the selected reference image candidates (Step 162). Step163). Note that Step 162 and Step 163 are in no particular order and may be interchanged.
【0120】
In this way, an image having a importance lower than that of the image to be encoded is not included in the reference image candidates. As described above, when a stream that can realize scalability is generated by not including an image of importance lower than the importance of the image to be encoded in the reference image candidates, the image that cannot be referred to is referred to. It can be excluded from the image candidates, and the coding efficiency is improved.
【0121】
Here, the image coding method performed according to the importance of the image set as described above will be specifically described with reference to FIG. 10. In FIG. 10A, the number assigned to each frame (picture (frame) number), the number when each frame is saved in the memory (save picture (frame) number), and each frame are transmitted. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship of the number (transmission order) which shows the order.
【0122】
In FIG. 10A, the I picture having the picture number 0 does not refer to another picture, so it is saved in the memory, and the saved picture number becomes 0. Next, since the P picture of picture number 2 that refers to the I picture of picture number 0 is saved in the memory, the saved picture number of the P picture of picture number 2 becomes 1. Next, since the I picture of the picture number 0 and the B picture of the picture number 1 that refers to the P picture of the picture number 2 are saved in the memory, the saved picture number of the B picture of the picture number 1 becomes 2. The order in which each picture is transmitted is the order in which the pictures are stored in the memory. The relationship between the picture number, the saved picture number, and the transmission order is determined by the same procedure.
【0123】
Next, an example of the relationship between the picture number to be decoded (decoded), the picture number stored in the memory, and the picture number to be deleted will be described with reference to FIG. 10 (b).
【0124】
FIG. 10B is a relationship diagram showing the relationship between the picture number to be decoded (frame number), the stored picture number (frame number), and the deleted picture number (frame number). Here, the maximum number of pictures that can be saved in the memory is 5. Pictures are stored in the memory according to the transmission order.
【0125】
Also, for example, when a P picture with a picture number of 4 is decoded, since the saved picture number of the P picture with a picture number of 4 is 3, the pictures with saved picture numbers 0, 1, and 2 are saved in the memory. Will be. When the B picture with the picture number 3 to be decoded is decoded, the picture with the picture number 4,1,2,0 is stored as shown in FIG. 10 (b). Here, as shown in FIG. 10A, the B picture having the picture number 1 is not referenced by any picture after the picture having the picture number 3 is decoded, so that the picture having the picture number 3 is used. Is deleted when is decoded.
【0126】
Similarly, when a B picture having a picture number of 5 to be decoded is decoded, a picture having a picture number of 6,3,4,2,0 is stored as shown in FIG. 10 (b). Here, since the B picture with picture number 3 is not referenced by any picture after the picture with picture number 5 is decoded, it is deleted when the B picture with picture number 5 is decoded. ..
【0127】
Further, when the P picture having the picture number 8 to be decoded is decoded, the picture having the picture number 5,6,4,2,0 is stored as shown in FIG. 10 (b). Since only a maximum of 5 frames can be saved in the memory here, in order to refer to the P picture with picture number 8 later, delete one of the pictures with picture number 5,6,4,2,0 and the picture number. Memory must be allocated to store 8 P-pictures. Therefore, as a selection criterion for the frame to be deleted in FIG. 10B, the oldest picture in time in decoding the P picture, that is, the decoding of the even numbered picture number, that is, the I picture having the picture number 0 in this case is used. Delete the P picture with picture number 8 when it is decoded.
【0128】
Similarly, when a B picture having a picture number of 7 to be decoded is decoded, a picture having a picture number of 8,5,6,4,2 is stored as shown in FIG. 10 (b). Here, since the B picture with picture number 5 is not referenced by any picture after decoding the B picture with picture number 7, it is deleted when the B picture with picture number 7 is decoded. ..
【0129】
Further, when a P picture having a picture number of 10 to be decoded is decoded, a picture having a picture number of 7,8,6,4,2 is stored as shown in FIG. 10 (b). Here, since only a maximum of 5 frames can be saved in the memory, in order to refer to the P picture with picture number 10 later, delete one of the pictures with picture number 7,8,6,4,2 and take the picture. Memory must be reserved to store the number 10 picture. Therefore, as a criterion for selecting the frame to be deleted in FIG. 10B, in the decoding of the P picture, that is, the decoding of the picture having an even numbered picture number, the picture having the oldest picture number 2 in time is the picture number 10. Delete the P picture when it is decoded.
【0130】
When a picture is deleted in this way, a memory management information command for deleting the picture is encoded and attached to the encoded signal of the decoded picture and transmitted.
【0131】
In the example shown in FIG. 10 (b) above, an example is described in which an unnecessary image (picture) exists in the memory and a command of memory management information for removing the image is sent once. In this way, if the memory management information command to be removed is sent only once, the memory management information command sent along with the B picture may not be executed. This is because the B picture is unlikely to be used as an image to be referred to in the encoding / decoding of the P picture, so that the data of the B picture is preferentially discarded when sufficient storage capacity and transmission capacity cannot be secured. As a result, the memory management information command sent with the B picture may not be executed.
【0132】
In order to solve this problem, an example in which the memory management information command for removing an image is repeatedly encoded and transmitted will be described. Hereinafter, FIG. 10 (c) will be specifically described.
【0133】
FIG. 10 (c) is a relationship diagram showing another relationship between the picture number to be decoded (frame number), the stored picture number (frame number), and the deleted picture number (frame number). In FIG. 10 (c), it is shown that the command to delete the picture with the picture number to be deleted accompanies the coded signal of the picture with the picture number to be decoded.
【0134】
As shown in FIG. 10 (c), when the B picture with the picture number 3 is decoded, the picture with the picture number 4,1,2,0 is stored. Here, as shown in FIG. 10A, the B picture of the picture number 1 is not referred to by any picture after the picture of the picture number 3 is decoded. Therefore, when the picture with the picture number 3 is decoded, the B picture with the picture number 1 is deleted, and the memory management information command for deleting the B picture is attached to the picture with the picture number 3.
【0135】
However, since the picture of picture number 3 is a B picture, it is less important in terms of image reproduction than the I picture and P picture, and the data is easily discarded at the time of transmission. Therefore, the picture number 3 You may not be able to execute the memory management information command that was sent with the B picture in (when frames are saved as shown in Figure 21).
【0136】
Therefore, it is shown that the picture of picture number 1 attached to picture number 3 is deleted from the P picture of picture number 6 which is more important in terms of image reproduction than the B picture of picture number 3 to be decoded next. Attach a command for memory management information (see Figure 10 (c)).
【0137】
Similarly, attach the memory management information command (indicating to delete the picture of picture number 3) attached to the B picture of picture number 5 to the P picture of picture number 8, and attach the picture to the P picture of picture number 10. Attach the memory management information command (indicating to delete the picture with picture number 5) attached to the B picture with number 7. Since the picture with picture number 8 is a P picture, as shown in FIG. 10 (c), the memory management information command attached to the picture with picture number 8 is not attached to the B picture with picture number 7. However, it may be attached.
【0138】
As described above, as shown in FIG. 10 (c), the same memory management information command as the memory management information command first attached to the B picture is used as a picture having a higher importance in terms of image reproduction than the B picture. Yes, it was repeatedly attached to the picture saved or transmitted after the B picture that was first accompanied by the memory management information command. As a result, even if the B picture to which the memory management information command is attached is missing at the beginning, the memory management information command can be executed normally.
【0139】
As described with reference to FIG. 10 (c), even if the B picture is accompanied by the memory management information command, the importance set is set when the P picture is repeatedly accompanied by the memory management information command. Is used. The importance setting is not limited to that shown in the present embodiment.
【0140】
In the present embodiment, it is determined whether to send or not to send each image according to the importance of each image, and the importance of each image is set to each image as in the memory management information shown in the above embodiment. It is not encoded in association with. Therefore, the decoding process of the data encoded in the present embodiment is the same as the conventional method.
【0141】
(Embodiment 8) Next, the eighth embodiment will be described. The feature of this embodiment is that all the images (pictures) in the memory are deleted, and the command (of the memory management information) for initializing the memory area is encoded and transmitted a plurality of times.
【0142】
The memory management information shown in each of the above embodiments is given as code information as shown in FIG. FIG. 11 is a correspondence diagram showing a command of memory management information, and shows a code number (Code), a content (command) of the command, and additional information (additional information) thereof.
【0143】
For example, a command to release an unnecessary memory area of the short-time storage memory (short-time storage memory release) is given as code information Code1, and a picture number (frame number) to be released is added as additional information.
【0144】
Further, the code information is given as the header information of each frame shown in FIG. FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing the relationship between the header information and the frame data in the coded signal of each picture. In FIG. 13, each coded signal shows a coded signal of frames Frm12, Frm11, and Frm14, which will be described later. Each coded signal includes a frame header having header information and frame data relating to image coding. For example, the coded signal of the frame Frm12 includes a frame header Frm12Hdr and frame data including each data MB12a, MB12b, MB12c, MB12d and the like.
【0145】
Details of this coded signal are shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing a command of memory management information in the header information of the coded signal.
【0146】
As shown in FIG. 14, the coded signal of the frame FrmA includes a frame header FrmAHdr having header information and frame data including each data MBa, MBb, MBc, Mbd and the like. Then, after the code information CodeA of the command, the additional information AddA of the code information CodeA is followed by the code information CodeB of the command to be executed next to the command of the code information CodeA, and the additional information AddB of the code information CodeB is the frame header FrmAHdr. Is added to. If there is no additional information, only the code information is added like the code information CodeC.
【0147】
Next, Fig. 12 shows the command execution procedure. FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing the command execution procedure. In FIG. 12, the command is first acquired (Step C0), and it is determined whether or not the command acquisition is completed (Step C1). If the acquisition of the command is not completed and the command is acquired (No of StepC1), the acquired command is executed (StepC2), and the process returns to StepC0 and this operation is repeated. On the other hand, if the command acquisition is completed and the command is not acquired (Yes in Step C1), the command execution process ends. This procedure is performed frame by frame. Even if the command information is sent in units of slices consisting of a plurality of macroblocks, the command is executed in the same procedure as above.
【0148】
By the way, in the first embodiment, the memory management information command for removing unnecessary images (releasing memory) has been described. Further, in the first embodiment, by repeatedly encoding the memory management information command for removing unnecessary images, even if one memory management information command disappears due to a transmission line error, the other memory management information It was shown that the management information of the image stored in the memory can be restored from the command of, and the possibility that the image can be restored correctly is increased.
【0149】
Here, among the code information shown in FIG. 11, the initialization command Code5 that removes all the information in the memory will be examined. If the initialization command Code5 disappears due to a transmission line error when the initialization command Code5 is sent only once, the processing such as memory management that is originally performed after initialization will be affected. Therefore, the case where the initialization command Code 5 is repeatedly encoded and transmitted will be described with reference to FIG. 15 as in the first embodiment.
【0150】
FIG. 15 shows the number assigned to each frame (picture (frame) number), the number when each frame is saved in the memory (saved picture (frame) number), and the order in which each frame is transmitted. It is explanatory drawing which shows the relationship of the number (transmission order).
【0151】
Hereinafter, FIG. 15 will be specifically described. First, the I picture with picture number 0 is saved in memory because it does not refer to other pictures, and the saved picture number becomes 0. Next, since the P picture of picture number 2 that refers to the I picture of picture number 0 is saved in the memory, the saved picture number of the P picture of picture number 2 becomes 1. Then, since the I picture of the picture number 0 and the B picture of the picture number 1 that refers to the P picture of the picture number 2 are saved in the memory, the saved picture number of the B picture of the picture number 1 becomes 2. The order in which each picture is transmitted is the order in which the pictures are stored in the memory. The relationship between the picture number, the saved picture number, and the transmission order is determined by the same procedure.
【0152】
Suppose that the initialization command Code 5 shown in FIG. 11 is sent when encoding the I picture of picture number 12 shown in FIG. Since the saved picture number of the I picture of the picture number 12 is 11, this initialization command Code 5 can remove all the pictures having the saved picture number 10 or less from the memory.
【0153】
Here, a method of encoding the initialization command Code 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a method of encoding the initialization command code 5, and shows the operation performed by the image coding apparatus 100 shown in FIG.
【0154】
First, the input image is encoded (Step A0). Investigate whether all visible pictures in memory are unnecessary after coding (whether any images will be referenced in future coding) (initialization investigation) (Step A1), and the pictures stored in memory Determine if it should be initialized without being referenced in the future (Step A2).
【0155】
If it is better to initialize (Yes in Step A2), the initialization command Code5 that initializes the memory area is encoded as memory management information (Step A3), initialized (Step A4), and the process ends. On the other hand, when there is no need for initialization (No in Step A2), the operations of Step A3 and Step A4 are not performed, and the process ends.
【0156】
Next, a method of decoding the coded initialization command Code 5 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method of decoding the coded initialization command Code 5, and shows the operation performed by the image coding apparatus 200 shown in FIG.
【0157】
First, the memory management information is decoded (Step A10), and the image signal is decoded from the encoded signal (Step A11). Next, it is determined whether the decrypted memory management information has the initialization command Code5 (Step A12), and if there is the initialization command Code5 (Yes in Step A12), all the pictures stored in the memory are removed. Initialize (Step A13) and end the process. However, at this time, the decoded image (in Step A11) is not removed.
【0158】
On the other hand, if there is no initialization command Code5 in the memory management information (No in Step A12), the process ends. Hereinafter, a method of initializing the memory will be specifically described with reference to FIG. It is assumed that the same initialization command Code5 as the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of picture number 12 is given to the B picture of picture number 11 shown in FIG.
【0159】
As shown in FIG. 13, the initialization command Code5 is assigned to the frame header Frm12Hdr of the frame Frm12 (picture number 12) and the frame header Frm11Hdr of the frame Frm11 (picture number 11). Since the initialization command Code5 has no additional information as shown in FIG. 11, all the pictures stored in the memory at the time of decoding are deleted.
【0160】
Therefore, the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of picture number 12 (save picture number 11) disappears due to a transmission line error, and the initialization command Code5 given to the B picture of picture number 11 (save picture number 12) is executed. Then, all the pictures stored in the memory among the pictures decoded before the saved picture number 11 are deleted. That is, even the I picture of the picture number 12 (preserved picture number 11) that should not be originally removed is removed.
【0161】
In this way, when the same initialization command Code5 as the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of picture number 12 is given to the B picture of picture number 11, one picture (I picture of picture number 12) is given. It will be missing. On the other hand, the P picture of picture number 14 (save picture number 13) is given the same initialization command Code5 as the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of picture number 12 (save picture number 11), and the picture number 12 is assigned. When the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture disappears due to a transmission line error and the initialization command Code5 given to the P picture of picture number 14 is executed, two pictures (B picture of picture number 11 and picture number) are executed. 12 I pictures) will be missing.
【0162】
Note that the same problem as described above occurs when the initialization command Code5 is repeatedly encoded and the initialization command Code5 sent first and the initialization command Code5 sent continuously are executed without a transmission line error. This is because it is initialized by the initialization command Code5 sent first, and then initialized again by the initialization command Code5 sent subsequently.
【0163】
A method for solving such a problem in memory initialization will be described. Figure 18 shows the memory management information commands used to solve the memory initialization problem.
【0164】
The difference from FIG. 11 is that the initialization / retransmission command Code6 is newly added in FIG. Further, this initialization / retransmission command Code6 has an initialization picture (frame) number (frame number to which the initialization command Code5 for initializing the memory area is attached) as additional information.
【0165】
Hereinafter, the flow of image coding processing using this initialization / retransmission command Code6 will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an image coding method using the initialization retransmission command Code6, and shows the operation performed by the image coding device 100 shown in FIG. The same reference numerals are given to the same operations as those in FIG. 19 with respect to FIG.
【0166】
First, the input image is encoded (Step A0). Investigate (initialization investigation) whether all the pictures in the memory are unnecessary after coding (whether any image will be referenced in future coding) (Step A1). The memory information control unit 101 determines whether initialization is necessary (Step A2), and if initialization is necessary (Yes in Step A2), the management information coding unit 105 initializes the memory area. Encode the command Code 5 as memory management information (Step A3) and initialize it (Step A4). If there is no need for initialization (No in Step A2), Step A3 and Step A4 do not operate.
【0167】
Next, the memory information control unit 101 encodes the initialization command Code5 that initializes the memory area accompanying the encoded signal of the image encoded immediately before (the image before the encoding target) as the memory management information. If it is determined (Step A30) and encoded (Yes in Step A30), the management information coding unit 105 encodes the initialization retransmission command Code 6 that initializes the memory area as memory management information. (StepA31), the process ends.
【0168】
Also, if the initialization command Code5 that initializes the memory area accompanying the encoded signal of the image encoded immediately before (the image before the encoding target) is not encoded as memory management information (No. in Step A30). ), End the process.
【0169】
In the method shown in FIG. 19, when the initialization command Code5 that initializes the memory area is encoded along with the encoding signal of the image encoded immediately before, the initialization retransmission command Code6 is coded again. However, if the initialization command Code5 that initializes the memory area is encoded along with the encoding of the image encoded several images before, not immediately before, the initialization retransmission command Code6 is coded again. The initialization / retransmission command Code6 that initializes the memory area may be repeatedly encoded as the memory management information in association with the plurality of images.
【0170】
Specifically, as shown in FIG. 15, when encoding the initialization command Code5 accompanying the coding of the I picture of picture number 12, the initialization retransmission command is accompanied by the coding of the B picture of picture number 11. Code6 may be encoded, or the initialization / retransmission command Code6 may be encoded in association with the coding of the P picture of picture number 14.
【0171】
In the former case, as shown in FIG. 13, the initialization command Code5 is assigned to the frame header Frm12Hdr of the frame Frm12, and the initialization retransmission command Code6 is assigned to the frame header Frm11Hdr of the frame Frm11. The initialization command Code5 is assigned to the frame header Frm12Hdr of Frm12, and the initialization retransmission command Code6 is assigned to the frame header Frm14Hdr of frame Frm14.
【0172】
Furthermore, the initialization / retransmission command Code6 is encoded along with the coding of the B picture of the picture number 11, and the initialization / retransmission command Code6 is encoded according to the coding of the P picture of the picture number 14. You may do so. In this case, as shown in FIG. 13, the initialization command Code5 is assigned to the frame header Frm12Hdr of the frame Frm12, and the initialization retransmission command Code6 is assigned to the frame header Frm11Hdr of the frame Frm11 and the frame header Frm14Hdr of the frame Frm14. ..
【0173】
Next, the process when the initialization / retransmission command Code6 decodes the encoded data will be described with reference to FIG. FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a method of decoding the encoded initialization / retransmission command Code6, and shows the operation of the image decoding apparatus 200 shown in FIG. The same reference numerals are given to the same operations as those in FIG. 20 with respect to FIG.
【0174】
First, the management information decoding unit 205 decodes the memory management information (Step A10). Then, the image signal is decoded from the coded signal (Step A11). It is determined whether the decrypted memory management information has the initialization command Code5 (StepA12), and if the initialization command Code5 is present (Yes in StepA12), all the pictures in the memory are removed and initialized (StepA13), and the initial setting is performed. If there is no conversion command Code5 (No in Step A12), initialization is not performed.
【0175】
Next, the memory information control unit 101 determines whether the memory management information includes the initialization / retransmission command Code6 (Step A40). If there is no initialization / retransmission command Code6 (No in Step A40), the process ends, and if there is an initialization / retransmission command Code6 (Yes in Step A40), it is investigated whether initialization has been completed (Step A41). If the initialization is completed (Yes in Step A41), the process ends, and if it is not initialized (No in Step A41), the initialization frame (initializes the memory area) based on the additional information of the initialization retransmission command Code6. Delete the previous save frame (frame stored in the reference image memory at the time of encoding the initialization frame), and set the long-term save memory size to 0 (frame with the initialization command Code5 to be converted). StepA42) Finish the process. If the long-time storage frame is not used, it is not necessary to set the long-time storage memory size to 0.
【0176】
Therefore, if the picture with picture number 12 shown in FIG. 15 is encoded with the initialization command Code5 and the picture number 14 with the initialization / retransmission command Code6, the initialization command Code5 does not disappear due to a transmission line error. , If the initialization command Code5 disappears due to a transmission line error by the initialization command Code5, the initialization retransmission command Code6 deletes all the pictures saved in the memory with the saved picture number 10 or less. Become.
【0177】
In this way, when the initialization command code5 is repeatedly encoded and transmitted, the initialization retransmission command Code6 to which the initialization picture number, which is additional information is added, is encoded and transmitted from the second time onward. Based on the information, the storage frame before the initialization frame (the frame stored in the reference image memory at the time of encoding the initialization frame with the initialization command Code5 first) will be deleted. Therefore, it is possible to solve the above-mentioned problem that a necessary image (picture) is missing.
【0178】
Note that the initialization / retransmission command Code6 described above is valid even when the saved picture numbering method is different from that shown in FIG. 15 as shown in FIG. Hereinafter, a specific description will be given.
【0179】
FIG. 21 shows the number assigned to each frame (picture (frame) number), the number when each frame is saved in the memory (saved picture (frame) number), and the order in which each frame is transmitted. It is explanatory drawing which shows the other relation in the number (transmission order).
【0180】
A method of assigning these numbers will be described. First, the I picture with picture number 0 is saved in memory because it does not refer to other pictures, and the saved picture number becomes 0. Next, since the P picture of picture number 2 that refers to the I picture of picture number 0 is saved in the memory, the saved picture number of the P picture of picture number 2 becomes 1. Then, the I picture of picture number 0 and the B picture of picture number 1 that refers to the P picture of picture number 2 are saved in the memory, but since this B picture is not referenced by other pictures, it is saved. The picture number is 1, which is the same as the saved picture number of the P picture of the picture number 2 saved immediately before. The order in which each picture is transmitted is the order in which the pictures are stored in the memory. The relationship between the picture number, the saved picture number, and the transmission order is determined by the same procedure.
【0181】
As shown in FIG. 21, it is assumed that the initialization command Code5 shown in FIG. 11 is sent incidentally when the I picture of picture number 12 is encoded. Since the saved picture number of the I picture of the picture number 12 is 6, this initialization command Code5 can remove all the pictures having the saved picture number 5 or less from the memory.
【0182】
Here, when the initialization command Code5 is repeatedly encoded, specifically, when the same initialization command Code5 as the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of the picture number 12 is given to the P picture of the picture number 14. Will be described.
【0183】
Since the initialization command Code5 has no additional information as shown in FIG. 11, all the pictures stored in the reference memory at the time of decoding are deleted. Therefore, the initialization command Code5 given to the I picture of picture number 12 (save picture number 6) disappears due to a transmission line error, and the initialization command Code5 given to the P picture of picture number 14 (save picture number 7) is executed. Then, all the pictures saved in the memory with the saved picture number 6 or less are deleted. That is, even the I picture of the picture number 12 (preserved picture number 6) that should not be originally removed is removed.
【0184】
However, if the initialization / retransmission command Code6 attached to the P picture of picture number 14 is attached instead of the initialization command Code5, the initialization command Code5 attached to the I picture of picture number 12 does not disappear due to a transmission line error. If the initialization command Code5 disappears due to a transmission line error by the initialization command Code5, it is saved in the memory as a picture with a save picture number of 5 or less by the initialization retransmission command Code6 attached to the P picture of picture number 14. All the pictures will be deleted.
【0185】
That is, since the initialization frame (in this case, picture number 12) number is added to the initialization retransmission command Code6 as additional information, the save frame before the initialization frame (reference image at the time of saving the initialization frame). Saved frames with a saved picture number of 5 or less stored in the memory) are deleted.
【0186】
As described above, the initialization / retransmission command Code6 having additional information increases the possibility that the initialization can be executed normally even if the initialization command code5 is missing due to a transmission line error. In the initialization / retransmission command shown in the present embodiment, the additional information is used as the picture number with the initialization / retransmission command as the initialization command, and Code 5 and Code 6 shown in FIG. 18 are used as one command. It may be realized by. This is because when the initialization retransmission is performed to retransmit the initialization information, the number of the frame to which the initialization command is attached is specified, so that the picture number for retransmitting the frame is not used. is there. At this time, the initialization command Code5 may be invalidated.
【0187】
When the initialization / retransmission command and the initialization command Code5 shown in the above embodiment are realized by one command in this way, a special value that is not used in the initialization / retransmission command shown in the above embodiment is added. The initialization / retransmission command held as information may be used as a command having the same function as the initialization command Code5 to be sent first.
【0188】
Further, as described in each of the above embodiments, when memory management information such as a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area or an initialization command is transmitted again, an image is shown as shown in FIGS. 13 and 14. The header information including the memory management information may be transmitted separately from the frame data, instead of being included in the header information added to the frame data related to the encoding of the above. That is, the above-mentioned command to be retransmitted may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. Further, it may be recorded in another area of the storage medium.
【0189】
Furthermore, in the present embodiment, when the initialization command is retransmitted, the picture number (initialization frame number) of the picture to which the initialization command is first attached is added to the initialization resend command as additional information. Also when retransmitting a command of memory management information such as a command indicating a memory area to be released and a command specifying a picture to be moved from a short-time storage memory to a long-time storage memory shown in each of the above-described embodiments. Of course, the picture number (information that identifies the picture) of the coded picture that was first transmitted with the command may be included as a parameter and transmitted. By doing so, it is possible to detect which picture was transmitted when the transmission error occurred.
【0190】
(Embodiment 9) Next, the image coding method and the image decoding method in the ninth embodiment will be described.
【0191】
The feature of this embodiment is that when the memory management information is transmitted a plurality of times, the timing of processing based on the memory management information transmitted from the second time onward is changed.
【0192】
When decoding the data obtained by repeatedly encoding the memory management information shown in the above embodiment, the image signal accompanied by the memory management information is always decoded before processing the repeatedly sent memory management information. It was. As a specific example, the case where the command for releasing an unnecessary memory area described in the second embodiment is transmitted a plurality of times will be described again with reference to FIG.
【0193】
It is assumed that the picture of picture number 12 shown in FIG. 15 is encoded by attaching the command of Code 1 shown in FIG. 18, and further, the picture of picture number 11 is also associated with the command of Code 1 and encoded. At this time, the decoding is performed according to FIG.
【0194】
First, Code 1 attached to the picture with picture number 12 is decrypted (Step 110). Next, the picture with picture number 12 is decoded (Step 111). Here, if Code 1 that should have been originally attached to the picture with picture number 12 is missing in the middle of transmission (No in Step 112), the processing related to this frame ends.
【0195】
The picture with picture number 11 is decoded next to the picture with picture number 12 in the transmission order. First, Code 1 encoded with the picture of picture number 11 is decoded (Step 110). Next, the picture with picture number 11 is decoded (Step 111). If this Code1 is transmitted without being lost during transmission, Code1 which is a memory release command exists in the decoded memory management information (Yes in Step112), so that the next process (Step113) is reached.
【0196】
Here, since the memory is not released when the decoded picture of picture number 12 is decoded before the picture of picture number 11 is decoded (No in Step 113), the memory release process is performed (No in Step 113). Step114).
【0197】
As shown in the above specific example, when a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area is transmitted multiple times, execution of a command to be executed for a picture (picture number 12) for which the first command was not originally executed is executed. However, after the decoding process of the image signal of the picture (picture number 11) sent later, the command execution is delayed.
【0198】
Therefore, in the present embodiment, a method for solving the above problems will be described with reference to FIGS. 22, 23, and 24. FIG. 22 is a correspondence diagram showing the relationship between the memory management information and the command used in the present embodiment.
【0199】
In FIG. 22, Code indicates the command number, the command indicates the content of the command, the additional information indicates the additional information added to the command, and the processing position indicates the timing of executing the command.
【0200】
The difference from FIG. 11 is that in FIG. 22, CodeA1 to CodeA4 are executed after the image decoding process, while CodeA6 to CodeA9 corresponding to CodeA1 to CodeA4 are executed before the image decoding process. This is the point that was used as a command.
【0201】
Then, when the memory management information is repeatedly sent, the command of the memory management information to be encoded first is set to the command (executed after decoding the image) whose processing position is after decoding (CodeA1 to CodeA4), and is repeated (2). The command to be encoded (after the second time) is the command (CodeA6 to CodeA9) whose processing position is before decoding (executed before decoding the image).
【0202】
As a result, even if the memory management information sent first is missing, the command that should be executed with the memory management information originally sent can be executed early, and problems such as delay can be less likely to occur.
【0203】
Hereinafter, the processing procedure when the command of FIG. 22 is used will be described with reference to FIGS. 23 and 24. FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing the image coding method in the present embodiment, and shows the operation of the image coding device 100 shown in FIG.
【0204】
In FIG. 23, the image is first encoded (Step B0). After coding, the unnecessary area (image that will not be referenced in future coding) is investigated in the memory (Step B1), and it is determined whether there is an unnecessary memory area (Step B2). If there is an unnecessary memory area (Yes in Step B2), the post-decoding memory management information is encoded (Step B3), assuming that the command to release the unnecessary memory area is executed after decoding the image signal, and it is unnecessary. Free memory area (Step B4). On the other hand, if there is no unnecessary memory area (No in Step B2), Step B3 and Step B4 are not operated.
【0205】
Next, whether the memory information control unit 101 encodes a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area as memory management information in association with the coding of the image encoded immediately before (the image before the coding target). Judge (Step B30). If it is not encoded (No in Step B30), the process ends, and if it is encoded (Yes in Step B30), the management information coding unit 105 issues a command to release the unnecessary memory area for decoding the image signal. The pre-decoding memory management information is encoded (Step B31) as the one to be executed before, and the process is terminated.
【0206】
In addition, when the command to release the unnecessary memory area is encoded along with the coding signal of the image encoded immediately before in Step B30, the command is encoded again, but it is attached to the immediately preceding image. It may be attached to an image several images before, and may be further encoded as memory management information by repeating the above command and transmitted along with a plurality of images.
【0207】
Next, the procedure for decoding the encoded data according to the procedure of FIG. 23 will be described with reference to FIGS. 24 and 15. FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing the image decoding method according to the present embodiment, and shows the operation performed by the image decoding apparatus 200 shown in FIG.
【0208】
In the following description, in FIG. 15, the picture of picture number 12 is encoded with the Code A1 command shown in FIG. 22, and further, the picture of picture number 11 is encoded with the Code A6 command attached. And. As shown in FIG. 13, CodeA1 is assigned to the frame header Frm12Hdr of the frame Frm12 of the picture number 12, and CodeA6 is assigned to the frame header Frm11Hdr of the frame Frm11 of the picture number 11.
【0209】
Note that the image decoding device receives the command to release the same image area in the memory a plurality of times unless the command disappears due to a transmission line error. Therefore, in the image decoding method performed by the image decoding apparatus, even if a command for reopening an already released image is received, it must be determined that the image is correctly received without processing as an error.
【0210】
First, the decoding process for the picture of picture number 12 will be described. In FIG. 24, first, the memory management information of the picture of picture number 12 is decoded (Step B5), and it is investigated whether the memory management information is the memory management information before decoding (Step B7). Since this memory management information (Code A1) is post-decoding memory management information (No in Step B7), the image signal of picture number 12 is decoded. Then, as described above, since the memory management information (Code A1) is the memory management information after decoding (Yes in Step B9), the memory is released (Step B11), and the processing related to the memory management information of the picture of picture number 12 is completed. To do.
【0211】
On the other hand, when Code A1 of the memory management information is missing, it is not determined to be the memory management information before decoding in Step B7 (No in Step B7), and it is also the memory management information after decoding in Step B9. No judgment is made (No in Step B9), only the decoding of the image signal of picture number 12 is performed (Step B6), and the processing related to the memory management information of picture number 12 ends.
【0212】
Next, the decoding process for the frame of picture number 11 will be described with reference to FIG. 24. First, the memory management information of picture number 11 is decoded (Step B5), and it is investigated whether the memory management information is the memory management information before decoding (Step B7). Since Code A6 is the memory management information before decryption (Yes in Step B7), it is investigated whether the memory has been released (Step B8). In the process of picture number 12, if CodeA1 is executed, the memory has already been released (Yes in Step B8), so the memory release process (Step B10) is not performed and the image signal of picture number 11 is decoded (Step B6). .. Then, it is determined whether the memory management information is for post-decoding (Step B9), but since Code A6 is pre-decoding memory management information (No in Step B9), processing related to the memory management information of the picture with picture number 11. Is finished.
【0213】
However, if the memory management information of the picture number 12 is missing due to the lack of packets in the transmission process and the memory is not released in the process related to the picture number 12, the memory must be released in the process related to the picture number 11. It is judged (No in Step B8), and the memory is released in the next step (Step B10). After the memory is released, the image signal of picture number 11 is decoded (Step B6). Since CodeA6 is the memory management information before decoding (No in Step B9), the process related to the memory management information of the picture of the picture number 11 ends.
【0214】
By making the command executed before decoding the image signal for the retransmission portion in this way, it is possible to reduce the delay in executing the command even if the command sent first is missing.
【0215】
As a specific example, the case where the memory management information is CodeA1 and CodeA6 has been described, but the same processing can be realized even when CodeA2 and CodeA7 are used, and the same processing is performed even when CodeA3 and CodeA8 and CodeA4 and CodeA9 are used. It is feasible with.
【0216】
It is also possible to use the initialization command CodeA5 shown in FIG. 22 as the post-decoding memory management information and the initialization retransmission command Code6 shown in FIG. 18 as the pre-decoding memory management information in pairs.
【0217】
When one post-decoding memory management information and a plurality of pre-decoding memory management information are added as header information in one frame, a plurality of pre-decoding memory management information is used for post-decoding memory management. It is better to process the information before the information.
【0218】
That is, the pre-decoding memory management information may be added to the beginning of the header information shown in FIG. 13 for encoding. Further, depending on the combination of the instructions shown in FIGS. 25 (a) and 25 (b), whether the memory management information is the pre-decoding management information or the post-decoding management information is set as another information. The command shown in the form of may be realized.
【0219】
FIG. 25 (a) is a correspondence diagram showing the contents of the command and additional information. FIG. 25 (b) is a correspondence diagram showing the command execution timing (processing position). FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing a command of memory management information in the header information of the coded signal.
【0220】
In FIG. 26, the coded signal of the frame FrmB has a frame header FrmBHdr and frame data such as MBa and MBb, and the frame header FrmBHdr has code information CodeD and the like as header information.
【0221】
At this time, for example, as shown in FIG. 26, the frame header FrmBHdr of the frame FrmB may be the code information CodeD of the command, the FlagD indicating the processing position, and the additional information AddD indicating the additional information of the command from the beginning. If there is no additional information, the command CodeE and the FlagE indicating the processing position may be added to the frame header FrmBHdr as shown in Fig. 26. The processing of Step B7 and Step B9 shown in FIG. 24 can be optimized by setting a Flag indicating the processing position instead of an Add indicating additional information immediately after the Code indicating the command.
【0222】
Also, in order to distinguish whether the command execution timing is before or after decoding the image signal, a new command indicating the processing position of the command is used, and the position of the command indicating the processing position in the frame header of the command. The command located earlier may be executed after decoding, and the command located after the position in the frame header of the command indicating the processing position may be executed before decoding. As a result, when there are multiple commands, the execution timing (processing position) of each command can be indicated by one command, and the information to be sent is reduced compared to the case where a flag indicating the processing position is sent for each command. , The coding efficiency is improved.
【0223】
A specific example will be described with reference to FIG. 27. FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing commands for memory management information in header information of other coded signals.
【0224】
In FIG. 27, the coded signal of the frame FrmC has the frame header FrmCHdr and the frame data such as MBa and MBb, and the frame header FrmCHdr contains the command CodeF, the command dif, and the command as header information in this order from the front. CodeG, additional information AddG, and command CodeH are located.
【0225】
Then, it is determined whether or not the command dif indicating the processing position is in the frame header FrmCHdr, and the command CodeF before the command dif indicating the processing position is executed after decoding the frame FrmC, and the command CodeG and the command after the command dif are executed. CodeH may be executed before decoding the frame FrmC. In this case, if there is no command dif indicating the processing position, all the commands in the frame header FrmCHdr will be executed after the decoding processing of the frame FrmC.
【0226】
As described in each of the above embodiments, a header added to the image coding signal when memory management information such as a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area or an initialization command is transmitted again. The header information including the memory management information may be transmitted separately from the encoded signal of the image, instead of being included in the information and transmitted. That is, the above-mentioned command to be retransmitted may be transmitted as a separate stream, for example, instead of being in the same stream as the encoded picture. Further, it may be recorded in another area of the storage medium.
【0227】
(Embodiment 10) Next, Embodiment 10 of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, the unit for coding is different from each of the above-described embodiments. That is, when a command for releasing an unnecessary memory area is transmitted a plurality of times in the first embodiment, the memory management information stream CtlStr and the image coding stream VideoStr corresponding to the above command shown in FIG. 1 are images (pictures). Although it was encoded in units, in the present embodiment, one frame may be encoded in slice units as in the stream structure shown in FIG. 28.
【0228】
Encoding in slice units means that slice 1 of frame 1 in FIG. 28 has headers 1-1, ctlStr1 and VideoStr1-1, and slice 2 of frame 1 has headers 1-2, ctlStr1 and VideoStr1-2. In addition, the header, the memory management information stream CtlStr, and the image coding stream VideoStr are encoded for each slice of each frame. After encoding with the image coding device, the image coding device outputs a data stream. The slice is a synchronization return unit, is a band-shaped area composed of one or a plurality of blocks, and a picture is composed of a plurality of slices. A picture is a basic coding unit corresponding to one image, and a block is a basic coding / decoding unit.
【0229】
Further, as described above, the content when the memory management information stream CtlStr is transmitted multiple times is the same information in the same frame. By using the same information, it is possible to omit the addition of this memory management information stream CtlStr in slice units. For example, information indicating whether or not multiple transmissions are omitted in the slice is added to the header of the slice, and "0" is set when the transmission of the above command is omitted in the slice. Is transmitted in the slice (when not omitted), "1" is added. A specific example is shown in FIG. 29 (a), which will be described below. The header and image-coded stream VideoStr in slices 1 to 3 in frame 1 are different. On the other hand, slice 1 and slice 2 have the same memory management information stream CtlStr1, and slice 1 of information "1" indicating that the same memory management information stream CtlStr1 is encoded in a plurality of slices in the same frame. And slice 2 each have. In addition, slice 3 has information "0" indicating that the memory management information stream CtlStr1 is omitted. As a result, when transmission is omitted in the slice, the memory management information stream CtlStr can be referred to by referring to the memory management information stream CtlStr in the slice indicated by "1" above, such as the first slice. Can be omitted, and the number of bits can be reduced.
【0230】
That is, the information "0" indicating that the memory management information stream CtlStr1 described above is omitted is a slice (slice 3) that does not have information for specifying the picture to be removed, and specifies the picture to be removed. This is information indicating that the information that specifies the picture to be removed is referred to when the information to be removed is referred to.
【0231】
Such a method of making it possible to omit the addition of the memory management information stream CtlStr is effective because it is unlikely that the memory management information stream CtlStr will be lost multiple times in the transmission process.
【0232】
Further, when the presence / absence of the memory management information stream CtlStr can be determined without the information indicating that the memory management information stream CtlStr is omitted, this may be omitted as shown in FIG. 29 (b). For example, if the beginning of the memory management information stream CtlStr can be distinguished from the beginning of the image-coded stream VideoStr, whether there is information indicating whether the memory management information stream CtlStr1 is encoded as shown in Fig. 29 (b). The discrimination can be confirmed by whether or not there is predetermined information at a predetermined position from the beginning of each slice.
【0233】
Such a method of making the addition of the memory management information stream CtlStr optional is effective in reducing the number of times the memory management information stream CtlStr is encoded and reducing the number of bits.
【0234】
Although the coding has been described above, the decoding of one frame can be performed in slice units in the same manner. When the command for releasing the unnecessary memory area is transmitted a plurality of times in the second embodiment, the image decoding apparatus 200 shown in FIG. 3 has the management information stream CtlStr and the image code shown in FIG. 28 corresponding to the above command. The stream structure having the conversion stream VideoStr is separated, and each is input in the image (picture) unit, but each may be input in the slice unit.
【0235】
In the coding / decoding in other embodiments, one frame may be encoded / decoded in slice units in the same manner. Further, the coding method / decoding method shown in the above-described first to tenth embodiments can be applied to mobile communication devices such as mobile phones and car navigation systems, and photographing devices such as digital video cameras and digital still cameras. It can be mounted by a semiconductor such as LSI. In addition to the transmission / reception type terminal that has both an encoder and a decoder, there are three possible implementation formats: a transmitter terminal with only an encoder and a receiving terminal with only a decoder.
【0236】
(Embodiment 11) Next, Embodiment 11 of the present invention will be described. In the present embodiment, a program for realizing the configuration of the image coding method or the image decoding method shown in the first to tenth embodiments is further recorded on a storage medium such as a flexible disk. By doing so, the processing shown in the above embodiment can be easily performed in an independent computer system.
【0237】
FIG. 30 is an explanatory diagram of a case where the image coding method or the image decoding method of the first embodiment is carried out by a computer system using a flexible disk storing the image decoding method.
【0238】
FIG. 30 (b) shows the appearance, cross-sectional structure, and flexible disc of the flexible disc when viewed from the front, and FIG. 30 (a) shows an example of the physical format of the flexible disc which is the main body of the recording medium. The flexible disk FD1 is built in the case F, and a plurality of track Trs are concentrically formed on the surface of the disk from the outer circumference toward the inner circumference, and each track is divided into 16 sectors Se in the angular direction. ing. Therefore, in the flexible disk in which the program is stored, the image coding method as the program is recorded in the area allocated on the flexible disk FD1.
【0239】
Further, FIG. 30 (c) shows a configuration for recording / reproducing the above program on the flexible disk FD1. When recording the above program on the flexible disk FD1, the image coding method or the image decoding method as the program is written from the computer system Cs via the flexible disk drive FDD. When the above image coding method is constructed in the computer system by the program in the flexible disk FD1, the program is read from the flexible disk FD1 by the flexible disk drive FDD and transferred to the computer system Cs.
【0240】
In the above description, a flexible disk is used as the recording medium, but an optical disk can also be used in the same manner. The recording medium is not limited to this, and any recording medium such as an IC card or ROM cassette that can record a program can be used in the same manner.
【0241】
Further, the image coding method / image decoding method shown in the above embodiment is performed by using a semiconductor such as an LSI for a mobile communication device such as a mobile phone or a car navigation system or a photographing device such as a digital video camera or a digital still camera. It can be implemented. In addition to the transmission / reception type terminal that has both an encoder and a decoder, there are three possible implementation formats: a transmitter terminal with only an encoder and a receiving terminal with only a decoder.
【0242】
Here, application examples of the image coding method and the image decoding method shown in the first to tenth embodiments and the system using the same will be described. FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing the overall configuration of the content supply system ex100 that realizes the content distribution service. The communication service provision area is divided into desired sizes, and base stations ex107 to ex110, which are fixed radio stations, are installed in each cell.
【0243】
This content supply system ex100 is, for example, a computer ex111, a PDA (personal digital assistant) ex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, and a camera via the Internet service provider ex102 and the telephone network ex104, and the base stations ex107 to ex110 on the Internet ex101. Each device such as the mobile phone ex115 with is connected.
【0244】
However, the content supply system ex100 is not limited to the combination as shown in FIG. 31, and any combination may be used for connection. Further, each device may be directly connected to the telephone network ex104 without going through the base stations ex107 to ex110, which are fixed radio stations.
【0245】
The camera ex113 is a device capable of shooting moving images such as a digital video camera. In addition, the mobile phone is a PDC (Personal Digital Communications) system, a CDMA (Code Division Multiple Access) system, a W-CDMA (Wideband-Code Division Multiple Access) system, or a GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications) system mobile phone. Alternatively, it may be PHS (Personal Handyphone System) or the like.
【0246】
Further, the streaming server ex103 is connected from the camera ex113 through the base station ex109 and the telephone network ex104, and live distribution based on the coded data transmitted by the user using the camera ex113 becomes possible. The captured data may be encoded by the camera ex113 or by a server or the like that performs data transmission processing. Further, the moving image data taken by the camera ex116 may be transmitted to the streaming server ex103 via the computer ex111. The camera ex116 is a device that can shoot still images and moving images such as a digital camera. In this case, the moving image data may be encoded by either the camera ex116 or the computer ex111. Further, the coding process is performed by the LSI ex117 of the computer ex111 and the camera ex116. Note that the image coding / decoding software may be incorporated into some storage medium (CD-ROM, flexible disk, hard disk, etc.) that is a recording medium that can be read by a computer ex111 or the like. Further, the moving image data may be transmitted by the mobile phone ex115 equipped with a camera. The moving image data at this time is the data encoded by the LSI of the mobile phone ex115.
【0247】
In this content supply system ex100, the content photographed by the user with the camera ex113, the camera ex116, etc. (for example, a video of a live music) is encoded and transmitted to the streaming server ex103 in the same manner as in the above embodiment. On the other hand, the streaming server ex103 streams the above content data to the requested client. Clients include a computer ex111, a PDAex112, a camera ex113, a mobile phone ex114, and the like, which can decode the encoded data. By doing so, the content supply system ex100 can receive the encoded data at the client and play it back, and further realize personal broadcasting by receiving it in real time at the client, decoding it, and playing it back. It is a system that makes it possible.
【0248】
The image coding method or the image decoding method shown in each of the above embodiments may be used for coding and decoding of each device constituting this system. A mobile phone will be described as an example.
【0249】
FIG. 32 is a diagram showing a mobile phone ex115 using the image coding method and the image decoding method described in the above embodiment. The mobile phone ex115 is an antenna ex201 for transmitting and receiving radio waves to and from the base station ex110, images of a CCD camera, etc., a camera unit ex203 capable of taking still images, an image taken by the camera unit ex203, and an antenna ex201. Display unit ex202 such as liquid crystal display that displays the decoded data of received video, etc., main unit consisting of operation key ex204 group, audio output unit ex208 such as speaker for audio output, audio input To save encoded or decoded data such as audio input unit ex205 such as a microphone, captured video or still image data, received mail data, video data or still image data, etc. It has a slot portion ex206 for mounting the recording media ex207 on the recording media ex207 and the mobile phone ex115. The recording medium ex207 is an EEPROM (Electrically Erasable and) which is a non-volatile memory that can be electrically rewritten or erased in a plastic case such as an SD card. It stores a flash memory element, which is a type of Programmable Read Only Memory).
【0250】
Further, the mobile phone ex115 will be described with reference to FIG. 33. The mobile phone ex115 has a power supply circuit unit ex310, an operation input control unit ex304, and image coding for the main control unit ex311 which is designed to collectively control each part of the main body unit provided with the display unit ex202 and the operation key ex204. Unit ex312, camera interface unit ex303, LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) control unit ex302, image decoding unit ex309, multiplex separation unit ex308, recording / playback unit ex307, modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, and audio processing unit ex305 via the synchronization bus ex313. Connected to each other.
【0251】
The power circuit unit ex310 activates the camera-equipped digital mobile phone ex115 in an operable state by supplying power to each unit from the battery pack when the call ends and the power key is turned on by the user's operation. ..
【0252】
Based on the control of the main control unit ex311 consisting of CPU, ROM, RAM, etc., the mobile phone ex115 converts the voice signal collected by the voice input unit ex205 in the voice call mode into digital voice data by the voice processing unit ex305. This is spread spectrum processed by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, digital-to-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing are performed by the transmission / reception circuit unit ex301, and then transmitted via the antenna ex201. In addition, the mobile phone ex115 amplifies the received data received by the antenna ex201 in the voice call mode, performs frequency conversion processing and analog-digital conversion processing, spectrum despread processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, and analog voice by the voice processing unit ex305. After converting to data, this is output via the audio output unit ex208.
【0253】
Further, when the e-mail is transmitted in the data communication mode, the text data of the e-mail input by the operation of the operation key ex204 of the main body unit is sent to the main control unit ex311 via the operation input control unit ex304. The main control unit ex311 performs spread spectrum processing of text data by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, digital-to-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing by the transmission / reception circuit unit ex301, and then transmits the text data to the base station ex110 via the antenna ex201.
【0254】
When transmitting image data in the data communication mode, the image data captured by the camera unit ex203 is supplied to the image coding unit ex312 via the camera interface unit ex303. Further, when the image data is not transmitted, the image data captured by the camera unit ex203 can be directly displayed on the display unit ex202 via the camera interface unit ex303 and the LCD control unit ex302.
【0255】
The image coding unit ex312 has a configuration including the image coding device described in the present invention, and is a coding method using the image data supplied from the camera unit ex203 in the image coding device shown in the above embodiment. It is converted into coded image data by compression coding by, and this is sent to the multiplex separation unit ex308. At the same time, the mobile phone ex115 transmits the sound collected by the voice input unit ex205 during imaging by the camera unit ex203 to the multiplex separation unit ex308 as digital voice data via the voice processing unit ex305.
【0256】
The multiplex separation unit ex308 multiplexes the coded image data supplied from the image coding unit ex312 and the audio data supplied from the audio processing unit ex305 by a predetermined method, and the multiplexed data obtained as a result is a modulation / demodulation circuit unit. Spread spectrum processing is performed by ex306, digital-to-analog conversion processing and frequency conversion processing are performed by the transmission / reception circuit unit ex301, and then transmission is performed via the antenna ex201.
【0257】
When receiving the data of the moving image file linked to the homepage etc. in the data communication mode, the received data received from the base station ex110 via the antenna ex201 is subjected to spectrum despreading processing by the modulation / demodulation circuit unit ex306, and the resulting multiplexing is performed. The data is sent to the multiplex separator ex308.
【0258】
Further, in order to decode the multiplexed data received via the antenna ex201, the multiplexing separator ex308 separates the multiplexed data into a bit stream of image data and a bit stream of audio data, and synchronizes the data. The encoded image data is supplied to the image decoding unit ex309 and the audio data is supplied to the audio processing unit ex305 via the bus ex313.
【0259】
Next, the image decoding unit ex309 has a configuration including the image decoding device described in the present invention, and decodes a bit stream of image data by a decoding method corresponding to the coding method shown in the above embodiment. By doing so, the reproduced moving image data is generated and supplied to the display unit ex202 via the LCD control unit ex302, whereby the moving image data included in the moving image file linked to the homepage, for example, is displayed. At the same time, the audio processing unit ex305 converts the audio data into analog audio data and then supplies the audio data to the audio output unit ex208, whereby, for example, the audio data contained in the moving image file linked to the homepage is reproduced. To.
【0260】
Not limited to the above system example, digital broadcasting by satellite and terrestrial broadcasting has recently become a hot topic, and as shown in FIG. 34, at least an image coding device or an image of the above embodiment is also used in a digital broadcasting system. Any of the decoding devices can be incorporated. Specifically, in the broadcasting station ex409, a bit stream of video information is transmitted via radio waves to a communication or a broadcasting satellite ex410. In response to this, the broadcasting satellite ex410 transmits radio waves for broadcasting, receives the radio waves with a home antenna ex406 equipped with satellite broadcasting receiving equipment, and receives the radio waves such as TV (receiver) ex401 or set-top box (STB) ex407. The device decodes the bit stream and plays it back. Further, the image decoding device shown in the above embodiment can also be mounted on the playback device ex403 that reads and decodes the bit stream recorded on the storage medium ex402 such as a recording medium such as a CD or DVD. In this case, the reproduced video signal is displayed on the monitor ex404. It is also conceivable to mount an image decoding device in a set-top box ex407 connected to a cable ex405 for cable TV or an antenna ex406 for satellite / terrestrial broadcasting, and reproduce this on a TV monitor ex408. At this time, the image decoding device may be incorporated in the television instead of the set-top box. It is also possible for the car ex412 having the antenna ex411 to receive a signal from the satellite ex410 or the base station ex107 or the like and reproduce the moving image on the display device such as the car navigation ex413 which the car ex412 has.
【0261】
Further, the image signal can be encoded by the image coding apparatus shown in the above embodiment and recorded on a recording medium. Specific examples include a recorder ex420 such as a DVD recorder that records an image signal on a DVD disc ex421 and a disc recorder that records an image signal on a hard disk. It can also be recorded on the SD card ex422. If the recorder ex420 is provided with the image decoding device shown in the above embodiment, the image signal recorded on the DVD disc ex421 or the SD card ex422 can be reproduced and displayed on the monitor ex408.
【0262】
The car navigation system ex413 may be configured by excluding the camera unit ex203, the camera interface unit ex303, and the image coding unit ex312 from the configurations shown in FIG. 33, and the same applies to the computer ex111 and the television (receiver). ) Ex401 etc. can also be considered.
【0263】
In addition, terminals such as the mobile phone ex114 are implemented in three types: a transmitter / receiver terminal having both an encoder and a decoder, a transmitter terminal having only an encoder, and a receiving terminal having only a decoder. Can be considered.
【0264】
As described above, the image coding method or the image decoding method shown in the above-described embodiment can be used for any of the above-mentioned devices / systems, and by doing so, the effects described in the above-described embodiment can be obtained. Obtainable.
【0265】
The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiment, and various modifications or modifications can be made without departing from the scope of the present invention.
【0266】
[Effect of the invention]
As described above, according to the image coding method and the image decoding method according to the present invention, an image coding method and an image decoding method that can be correctly restored even if some memory management information is lost due to a transmission line error. Then, it is possible to realize an image coding method and an image decoding method in which referenceable reference image candidates are more appropriately selected to improve the coding efficiency, and the practical value thereof is high.
[Simple explanation of drawings]
FIG. 1 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image coding apparatus of the present invention.
FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to the first embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing a configuration of an image decoding device of the present invention.
FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing an image decoding method according to the second embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 5 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to the third embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 6 is a flowchart showing an image decoding method according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 7 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 8 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to the seventh embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 10A is an explanatory diagram showing the relationship between a picture number of an image, a saved picture number, and a transmission order, and FIG. 10B shows a picture number to be decoded, a saved picture number, and a picture number to be deleted. (C) is a relationship diagram showing another relationship between the picture number to be decoded, the stored picture number, and the deleted picture number.
FIG. 11 is a correspondence diagram showing a command of memory management information in the present invention.
FIG. 12 is a flowchart showing a command execution procedure according to the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 13 is a schematic diagram showing a relationship between header information and frame data in the coded signal of each picture.
FIG. 14 is a schematic diagram showing commands for memory management information in header information of coded signals.
FIG. 15 is an explanatory diagram showing a relationship between a picture number of each image, a stored picture number, and a transmission order.
FIG. 16 is a flowchart showing a method of encoding an initialization command.
FIG. 17 is a flowchart showing a method of decoding a coded initialization command.
FIG. 18 is a correspondence diagram showing commands for memory management information used in the eighth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 19 is a flowchart showing an image coding method using the initialization retransmission command in the present invention.
FIG. 20 is a flowchart showing a method of decoding a coded initialization retransmission command in the present invention.
FIG. 21 is an explanatory diagram showing another relationship between a picture number of each image, a stored picture number, and a transmission order.
FIG. 22 is a correspondence diagram showing a command of memory management information used in the ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 23 is a flowchart showing an image coding method according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 24 is a flowchart showing an image decoding method according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention.
FIG. 25 (a) is a correspondence diagram showing a command content and additional information, and FIG. 25 (b) is a correspondence diagram showing a command execution timing.
FIG. 26 is a schematic diagram showing commands for memory management information in header information of coded signals.
FIG. 27 is a schematic diagram showing commands for memory management information in header information of other coded signals.
FIG. 28 is a schematic diagram showing a data stream structure encoded in slice units.
29 (a) and 29 (b) are schematic views showing a data stream structure encoded in slice units.
FIG. 30 (a), (b), and (c) all store programs for realizing the image coding method and the image decoding method of the first to tenth embodiments of the present invention by a computer system. It is explanatory drawing about the storage medium for this.
FIG. 31 is a block diagram showing an overall configuration of a content supply system in which the image coding method and the image decoding method according to the present invention are used.
FIG. 32 is an external view showing an example of a mobile phone in which the image coding method and the image decoding method according to the present invention are used.
FIG. 33 is a block diagram showing a configuration of the mobile phone.
FIG. 34 is a configuration diagram showing a configuration of a digital broadcasting system in which the image coding method and the image decoding method according to the present invention are used.
FIG. 35 (a) is an explanatory diagram of image coding in which an image selected from a plurality of reference images stored in a memory is referred to and encoded, and FIG. 35 (b) is a configuration of a memory in which an image is stored. It is a block diagram which shows.
FIG. 36 (a) is a flowchart showing a conventional image coding method, and FIG. 36 (b) is a flowchart showing a conventional image decoding method.
FIG. 37 (a) is another flowchart showing a conventional image coding method, and FIG. 37 (b) is another flowchart showing a conventional image decoding method.
FIG. 38 (a) is still another flowchart showing a conventional image coding method, and FIG. 38 (b) is still another flowchart showing a conventional image decoding method.
[Explanation of symbols]
100 Image coding device 101 Memory information control unit 102 Short-time storage memory management unit 103 Long-time storage memory management unit 104 Non-storage memory management information unit 105 Management information coding unit 106 Reference image selection unit 107 Storage area specification unit 108 Reference area specification Unit 109 Image memory 110 Image coding unit 111 Image decoding unit 112 Variable length coding unit 113 Counter 114 Counter 200 Image decoding device 201 Memory information control unit 202 Short-time storage memory management unit 203 Long-time storage memory management unit 205 Management Information decoding unit 207 Storage area specification unit 208 Reference area specification unit 209 Image memory 210 Image decoding unit 212 Variable length decoding unit Cs Computer system FD Flexible disk FDD Flexible disk drive
39 sheets
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| US7889788B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| JP2006229457A | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
| WO2007069579A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | Search report |
70 members in 17 offices
Priority claims6
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| EP1381238A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| TWI262024B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| US7167591B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2007041646A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2004088723
- Application
- 49711
Titles2
- Japanese
- 画像符号化方法および画像復号化方法
- English
- Image coding method and image decoding method
Classification
- CPC, 13
- H04N19/103
- H04N19/127
- H04N19/577
- H04N19/159
- H04N19/70
- H04N19/172
- H04N19/46
- H04N19/61
- H04N19/174
- H04N19/89
- H04N19/423
- H04N19/573
- H04N19/58
- IPC, 13
- H04N19 127
- G06T9 00
- H04N19 159
- H04N19 172
- H04N19 423
- H04N19 50
- H04N19 503
- H04N19 577
- H04N19 58
- H04N19 65
- H04N19 70
- H04N19 89
- H04N19 91