Heat exchanger, reactor using the heat exchanger, and radiation heater

The present invention relates to a heat exchanger, a reactor using the heat exchanger, and a radiant heater, and is particularly suitable for application in the field of thermal engineering for saving energy consumption and the field of environmental technology for purifying air and exhaust gas. It is about.

As one of the methods for improving the performance of the partition type heat exchanger, many attempts have been made to increase the area of the heat transfer body (partition wall) as much as possible within the limited space capacity. Making the shape of the heat transfer body bellows type is typical as one of the methods. In addition, as another method for improving the performance, the flow directions of the two fluids are aligned with each other in the same direction with the heat transfer surface in between, or in the opposite directions. In order to realize such a flow, heat exchangers such as a multi-tube cylindrical structure, a plate type structure in which a large number of press-molded heat transfer plates are stacked, and a spiral type are manufactured.

On the other hand, heat exchange between upstream and downstream for one fluid allows the temperature to be changed only in a part of the flow without consuming too much extra heat energy, in various chemical reactions and heat treatment processes. Thermal energy loss can be reduced. Furthermore, as an integrated self-heat exchanger with catalyst or burner combustion, a method using a self-heat exchanger with a spiral structure (Reference: 39th Combustion Symposium, Presentation No. C145, November 2001) From 21st to November 23rd, Yokohama (Non-Patent Document 1)), Method using rotary heat storage heat exchanger ("50% reduction in fuel consumption, energy environment design gas burner" Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, June 2002 May 25 (Non-Patent Document 2)), a method using a heat storage chamber type heat exchanger that switches the flow path direction at regular intervals (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2001-349524 (Patent Document 1), Document: 39th Combustion Symposium, presentation number C144, November 21-23, 2001, Yokohama (Non-Patent Document 3)) are known.

However, these various types of heat exchangers still have a drawback that the heat exchange area is not sufficient and the production is complicated. There was also room for improvement in terms of heat exchange efficiency and energy consumption.

<patcit num="1"><text>Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2001-349524</text></patcit><nplcit num="1"><text>39th Combustion Symposium, Presentation No. C145, November 21-23, 2001, Yokohama</text></nplcit><nplcit num="2"><text>Method using rotary heat storage type heat exchanger ("Fuel consumption 50% reduction, energy environment design gas burner" Nikkei Sangyo Shimbun, June 25, 2002</text></nplcit><nplcit num="3"><text>39th Combustion Symposium, Presentation No. C144, November 21-November 23, 2001, Yokohama</text></nplcit>

<p> The present invention has been made in view of the actual conditions of the prior art, and has a larger heat transfer area in a limited capacity, is relatively easy to manufacture, and has a leap in heat exchange efficiency. It is an object of the present invention to provide a heat exchanger which can bring about an improvement, and a reactor and a radiant heater using the heat exchanger.</p>

<p> According to the present invention, the above problems are solved by the following technical means. (1) In a heat exchanger having a partition type heat transfer body for separating a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid, the heat transfer body has a bellows shape, and both fluids are mainly gaps in the bellows portion of the heat transfer body. A heat exchanger characterized in that it is configured to flow in parallel or in a countercurrent direction along a ridgeline direction or a valley line direction. (2) In a heat exchanger having a partition type heat transfer body for separating a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid, the heat transfer body has a bellows shape, and both fluids are mainly gaps in the bellows portion of the heat transfer body. At one end or both ends intersecting the ridge of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body, one of the fluids is placed on the opposite side of the heat transfer body. It has a fluid wraparound space for wrapping around the void in the bellows part, and the fluid that wraps around to the opposite side through the fluid wraparound space becomes the other fluid to be heat exchanged and performs heat exchange. A self-heat exchange type heat exchanger characterized by. (3) (a) In a heat exchanger having a partition type heat transfer body for separating a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid. The heat transfer body has a bellows shape, and both fluids are configured to flow mainly in the gap portion of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body along the ridge line direction or the valley line direction, and the heat transfer body has a bellows shape. At one end or both ends intersecting the ridgeline of the bellows portion, a fluid wraparound space portion for allowing one fluid to wrap around the gap portion of the bellows portion on the opposite side of the heat transfer body is provided, and the fluid wraparound space portion is used. A self-heat exchange type heat exchanger in which the fluid that wraps around to the opposite side becomes the other fluid to be heat-exchanged and exchanges heat, and (b) is provided in the fluid wraparound space of the heat exchanger. A reactor characterized by comprising a heating element or a heat absorbing body. (4) The heat exchanger is characterized in that a catalyst that promotes an exothermic reaction is supported on the entire surface of the heat transfer body or the surface in the vicinity of the fluid wraparound space, and a fluid containing the reaction component is used. The reactor according to (3) above. (5) Using a heat transfer body of the heat exchanger having a heat storage property, an exothermic reaction occurs on the entire surface of the heat transfer body of the heat exchanger or the surface of the region near the inlet and outlet of the fluid. A catalyst that promotes the reaction is supported, and an adsorbent that adsorbs the reaction component at a low temperature and releases it at a high temperature is supported on the entire surface of the heat transfer body of the heat exchanger or the surface near the fluid wraparound space. The reactor according to (3) above, wherein a fluid containing the reaction component is used. (6) The above-mentioned (3), wherein a filter for removing fine particles for capturing and removing fine particles is closely arranged on the end face of the heat exchanger on the side where the fluid wraps around. Reactor. (7) The above-mentioned (4), wherein a filter for removing fine particles for capturing and removing fine particles is closely arranged on the end face of the heat exchanger on the side where the fluid wraps around. Reactor. (8) The heat transfer body is provided with a filter function capable of permeating gas and capturing fine particles, and is not provided with a fluid wraparound portion through which the fluid of the heat transfer body wraps around (3). ) Or the reactor according to (4). (9) (a) In a heat exchanger having a partition type heat transfer body for separating a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid. The heat transfer body has a bellows shape, and both fluids are configured to flow mainly in the gap portion of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body along the ridge line direction or the valley line direction, and the heat transfer body has a bellows shape. At one end or both ends intersecting the ridgeline of the bellows portion, a fluid wraparound space portion for allowing one fluid to wrap around the gap portion of the bellows portion on the opposite side of the heat transfer body is provided, and the fluid wraparound space portion is used. A self-heat exchange type heat exchanger in which the fluid that wraps around to the opposite side becomes the other fluid to be heat-exchanged and exchanges heat, and (b) is installed in the fluid wraparound space of the heat exchanger. A radiant heater composed of a combustion burner, wherein a part of a wall separating the fluid wraparound space where the combustion burner is installed and the outside is composed of a heat radiating plate. (10) (a) In a heat exchanger having a partition type heat transfer body for separating a high temperature fluid and a low temperature fluid, the heat transfer body has a bellows shape, and both fluids are mainly bellows portions of the heat transfer body. One fluid is applied to one end or both ends of the heat transfer body at one end or both ends intersecting the ridge line of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body, which is configured to flow in the air gap along the ridge line direction or the valley line direction. It has a fluid wraparound space for wrapping around the gap in the bellows on the opposite side. A self-heat exchange type heat exchanger in which the fluid that wraps around to the opposite side through the fluid wraparound space becomes the other fluid to be heat-exchanged and exchanges heat, and (b) the transfer of the heat exchanger. It consists of a catalyst that promotes an exothermic reaction, which is carried on the entire surface of the hot body or the surface near the fluid wraparound space, and a part of the wall that separates the fluid wraparound space from the outside is composed of a heat radiation plate. A radiant heater characterized by using a fluid containing the reaction component. (11) The self-heat according to (2) above, wherein at least one type of structure having air permeability different from that of the heat transfer body is sandwiched in the gap portion of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body. Replaceable heat exchanger. (12) The self-heat exchange type heat exchanger according to (11) above, wherein the breathable structure serves as a spacer. (13) The self-heat exchange type heat according to (2) above, wherein a functional material such as a catalyst, an adsorbent, a heat storage material, or a filter material is sandwiched in a void portion of a bellows portion of the heat transfer body. Exchanger. (14) The self-heat exchange type heat exchanger according to (2) above, wherein a part of the surface of the heat transfer body is opened and the portion is used as a fluid wraparound portion. (15) The self-heat exchange type heat exchanger according to (14) above, wherein a part of an end portion of the heat transfer body is cut out and used as a fluid wraparound portion. (16) The self-heat exchange type heat exchanger according to (14) above, wherein one or a plurality of openings having a closed circumference are provided on a part of the surface of the heat transfer body, and the openings are provided as the fluid wraparound portion. (17) The self-heat exchange according to (12) above, wherein a non-breathable heat transfer body is used, and the heat transfer body, a spacer structure, and a filter cloth are combined to form the heat transfer body. Mold heat exchanger. (18) The self-heat exchange according to (17) above, wherein the structure is further extended and projected from the end face of the fluid wraparound portion of the heat transfer body, and a filter cloth is formed around the structure in a bellows shape. Mold heat exchanger. (19) A part of the surface of the heat transfer body is opened and used as a fluid wraparound portion, or a part of an end portion of the heat transfer body is cut off and used as a fluid wraparound portion (17). ) Described in the self-heat exchange type heat exchanger. (20) The reactor according to (8) above, wherein the heat transfer body having a filter function is held and formed in a bellows shape by using a spacer structure.</p>

<p> According to the present invention, since the above-mentioned configuration is adopted, a heat exchanger having a large heat exchange surface and relatively easy to manufacture in a limited capacity and a dramatically improved heat exchange efficiency, and a heat exchanger which is self-contained. It is possible to provide heat exchange type reactors, self-heat exchange reactors that combine self-heat exchangers with catalytic reactions, combustion burners, etc., and energy-saving radiant heaters.</p>

Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described based on preferred examples.

(1st Example) --- Corresponding to the invention of claim 1. FIG. 1 shows a heat exchanger according to the first embodiment of the present invention in a three-dimensional perspective perspective view. The heat exchanger of this embodiment has a bellows type heat transfer body (BF). In this bellows type heat transfer body (BF), the partition wall separating the high temperature fluid 1 and the low temperature fluid 2 or 2'has a bellows type (bellows type or accordion type) structure. Both end faces (A and A') intersecting the ridgeline of the bellows portion of the bellows type heat transfer body (BF) are sealed by being brought into close contact with the upper and lower walls of the heat exchanger via a sealing material (not shown) or the like. Has been done. Further, both ends (a and a') of the heat transfer body (BF) parallel to the ridgeline of the bellows portion are welded or sealed with the side walls (C, C') constituting both side surfaces of the heat exchanger (Fig.). It is sealed by sticking it through (not shown). Regarding the front and rear side surfaces (B and B') of the heat exchanger facing the ridgeline of the heat transfer body (BF), the distance between the ridgeline portion of the heat transfer body (BF) and the side surface (B and B') of the container is bellows. It is sufficiently smaller than the pitch of, and the entrances and exits (D, D', E, E') of the two fluids are above and below the front and rear sides (B and B') facing the ridgeline of the heat transfer body (BF). It is provided near both ends.

By adopting the above structure, two fluids with different temperatures entering from the front and back entrances are aligned with each other in the direction of the ridge of the bellows with the bellows type heat transfer body (BF) separated from each other. Flow (flows 1 and 2) or countercurrent (1 and 2') can be realized. Further, by forming the heat transfer body in a bellows type structure, a large heat transfer area can be obtained in a limited capacity. Further, the bellows type heat transfer body is relatively easy to manufacture, and the heat exchange efficiency is dramatically improved.

The triangular wave type is illustrated here as the cross-sectional shape of the heat transfer body (BF), but the present invention is not limited to this, and a corrugated type or a flat plate type in which only the ridgeline portion is semicircular may be used. The heat transfer body (BF) may be formed by bending foil-shaped stainless steel, or may be formed by molding a plate-shaped ceramic material before firing into a bellows shape and then firing. In addition, as a method of preventing damage or deformation of the bellows-type heat transfer body due to external compressive force, the above-mentioned foil-shaped stainless steel or plate-shaped ceramic surface before firing is made uneven, or a corrugated plate is formed into a corrugated ridgeline. It may be bent in a direction not perpendicular to or parallel to the bellows type so that adjacent bellows surfaces are in contact with each other.

FIG. 2A is a front perspective view of the structure shown in FIG. 1 as viewed from the entrance / exit side of the fluid 1. D and E are the same entrances and exits of fluid 1 as in Fig. 1. The entrances D'and E'of the fluid 2 are provided on the back side of each. In addition, b and b'are the ridgeline and valley line of the bellows type heat transfer body (BF) seen from the front, respectively. The overall shape of the bellows-type heat transfer body (BF) is not limited to the rectangular parallelepiped shown here. For example, as shown in Fig. 2 (b), the inflow and outflow parts of the fluid are expanded like a fan. The flow resistance of this portion may be reduced. Further, as shown in FIG. 2 (c), the entire bellows type heat transfer body may be a fan type. By doing so, the flow velocity of the fluid can be changed along the flow, and more efficient heat exchange may be achieved.

Further, the shape of FIG. 2C can be formed as shown in FIG. 3 in which the shape of FIG. 2C is circularly rotated in the circumferential direction. In this case, the ends of the heat transfer bodies (BF) parallel to the ridgeline are sealed by means such as welding or close contact with each other via a sealing material. Each symbol in Fig. 3 indicates each part corresponding to Fig. 1. Similar to Fig. 1, D, E, D', E'are the entrances and exits of fluids 1 and 2 (2'), respectively, and by changing the direction of fluid 2, the parallel flow (2) is also countercurrent (2'). ). This structure requires sealing on the outer and inner cylinder surfaces A and A'. However, by making such a cylindrical shape, both ends (a and a'in FIG. 1) parallel to the ridgeline of the bellows disappear. As for the surfaces B and B', as in the case of FIG. 1, the distance between the ridge of the heat transfer (BF) and the side surface of the container should be sufficiently smaller than the pitch of the bellows, and there is no need to seal.

Further, although it is also cylindrical, a structure in which bellows-type heat transfer bodies are arranged as shown in FIG. 4 is also possible. Each symbol in Fig. 4 also shows each part corresponding to Fig. 1. In this case, the heat transfer body (BF) is placed in the space sandwiched between the outer cylinder B and the inner cylinder B'. At the end faces (A and A') perpendicular to the ridgeline of the heat transfer body (BF), the respective container surfaces and the heat transfer body (BF) are sealed by means such as being brought into close contact with each other via a sealing material. In addition, both ends parallel to the ridgeline of the heat transfer body (BF) need to be in perfect contact with each other or welded to seal the fluid from leaking to the opposite surface of the heat transfer body (BF). As in the case of the structure of FIG. 3, the sealing portion with the container wall at this portion disappears and becomes unnecessary. On the other hand, on the B and B'planes, as in the case of FIG. 1, the distance between the ridgeline of the heat transfer body (BF) and each plane should be sufficiently smaller than the pitch of the bellows on each plane, and a seal is necessary. Absent.

(Second Example) --- Corresponding to the Invention of Claim 2 The heat exchanger according to the second embodiment according to the present invention is shown in FIG. The heat exchanger of this embodiment is a partition type heat exchanger for two fluids having the structure shown in FIG. 1, and is a pair of fluid inlets / outlets (D,) located on opposite sides of a bellows type heat transfer body (BF). Instead of D', E, E'), D is the entrance, D'is the exit, and one end (A') of the heat transfer fluid (BF) is not tightly sealed, but the entrance (D). It is characterized by providing a fluid wraparound space (F) for wrapping the fluid entering from the heat transfer body (BF) on the opposite surface side. Other configurations are the same as those in the first embodiment.

By adopting such a structure, one fluid becomes a self-heat exchange type heat exchanger in which one fluid flows toward each other with a bellows type heat transfer body (BF) sandwiched between the upstream and the downstream. Further, by applying the same deformation, any of the heat exchangers of FIGS. 2, 3 and 4 can be made into the corresponding self-heat exchanger.

In addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the heat exchanger of this embodiment seals pipes and fluids as compared with a self-heat exchanger using a conventional heat exchanger structure represented by a multi-tube cylindrical type. The structure for this purpose is greatly simplified, and even if the number of bellows is increased, the whole and the seal structure are not complicated at all, and a self-heat exchanger with extremely high heat exchange efficiency can be obtained.

FIG. 6 (a) is a front perspective view of the structure of the self-heat exchanger shown in FIG. In the figure, b is the ridgeline and b'is the valley line (corresponding to the ridgeline of the bellows on the opposite side). In the second embodiment, the fluid wraparound space (F) where the temperature becomes the extreme value does not necessarily have to be one place, and as shown in FIG. 6 (b), the center of the heat transfer body (BF) in the ridge line direction. By providing the fluid inlet / outlet (D, D') in the portion, the fluid flowing in from the inlet (D) is diverted in the vertical direction, and the space portions (F, F') adjacent to the different end faces of the heat transfer bodies (BF) respectively. After wrapping around at), you may join and exit from the exit (D'). By doing so, the seal between the heat transfer body (BF) and the container wall on the surface (A) becomes unnecessary.

Furthermore, Fig. 6 (c) shows a self-heat exchanger that has an entrance / exit in the center and a fluid diverges as shown in Fig. 6 (b). The overall shape is further circular, and both ends of the heat transfer body (BF) intersecting the ridgeline share the same fluid wraparound space (F). In this modified example, there is an advantage that the sealing on the end face of the bellows portion becomes unnecessary while the space portion (F) where the temperature becomes the extreme value is made in one place.

(Third Example) --- Corresponding to the invention of claim 3 The reactor based on the self-heat exchanger having the structure shown in FIG. 5 will be described below. The reactor shown in Fig. 7 is based on the self-heat exchanger shown in Fig. 5, and is integrated with the self-heat exchanger in which a heating element (heater) or a heat absorber (G) is incorporated in the fluid wraparound space (F). It is a reactor. In a reactor having such a structure, heat is transferred between the inflow fluid having a low temperature (high) and the outflow fluid heated (cooled) through a space (F) having a maximum (minimum) temperature. , Even if the space (F) becomes quite hot (low temperature), the temperature at the outlet (D') with respect to the entrance (D) does not become so high (low) (for example, the temperatures at D, F, D'are different. 20 ° C, 700 ° C, 90 ° C). Such a structure can be used as a reactor that can reduce the energy (electric power) for heating when it is necessary to heat the fluid for thermal reaction but the temperature at the time of taking out the fluid is not changed as much as possible. Therefore, it can be expected to be applied to all chemical reaction devices.

&lt;Theoretical estimation of the performance of the third example&gt; The performance of the self-heat exchange reactor of the third example shown in Fig. 7 is roughly estimated. Assuming that the bent shape of the bellows-shaped ridge (or valley) of the heat transfer body (BF) is semicircular and the heat transfer surfaces are parallel to each other, the heat conduction in this case sandwiches a parallel flat plate. However, it can be regarded as heat transfer between different fluids. The total area of the bellows surface is A (m)²), The heat transfer rate from the high temperature fluid to the low temperature fluid across this heat transfer surface is K (W / m).² K), suppose that the distance between adjacent bellows is d (m). Surface spacing d = 10^-3When it is about (= 1 mm), it is expected that the flow of the fluid in this reactor on the order of 1 m / s becomes laminar. In the laminar flow flowing between parallel plates, the heat transfer rate h (W / m) between the wall surface and the high-temperature and low-temperature fluids.²-K) is given by h = 140/17 × λ / D under the condition that the heat flux is constant (a countercurrent self-heat exchange reactor can be approximated under this condition). Here, the coefficient 140/17 is a dimensionless number usually called a Nusselt number, which is a value analytically determined under given conditions. λ is the thermal conductivity of the fluid (W / m · K), D is the dimension called the representative length, and D = 2d in the case of a parallel flat plate. Also, K = 1 / 2h. Summarizing these equations, we end up with K = 35/17 × λ / d. In Fig. 7, assuming that a heating element is used, the calorific value is assumed to be Q (W), and the heat capacity flow rate of the fluid (assuming that there is no temperature dependence) is μC._pAssuming that the heat exchanger is ideally insulated and does not dissipate heat other than exhaust heat at (J / K · s), the fluid inlet temperature T_iAnd outlet temperature T_{o o}Relationship is T_{o o}-T_i= Q / (μC_p). However, where μ is the mass flow rate (kg / s) of the fluid, C_pRepresents the constant pressure specific heat (J / kg · K) of the fluid. In addition, the fluid temperature T flowing into the fluid wraparound (F)_riAnd the fluid temperature T that flows out from the fluid wraparound (F)_roBetween T_ro-T_ri= Q / (μC_p) Holds. Here, the heat exchange rate φ, which means how much heat was transferred from the high temperature side fluid to the low temperature side fluid, is φ = (T._ro-T_{o o}) / (T_ro-T_i), φ = (T_ro-T_{o o}) / (T_ro-T_{o o}+ T_{o o}-T_i) = (T_ro-T_{o o}) / (T_ro-T_{o o}+ Q / (μC_p)) And then μC_p(T_ro-T_{o o}) = KA (T_{o o}-T_i) = 35/17 × λ / d A Q / (μC_p) From φ = (35/17 × λ / d A) / (μC)_p+ (35/17 × λ / d A)) (1).

Using equation (1), the length is 1600 mm and the width is 200 mm (that is, A = 0.32 m).²) Rectangle thin plate is bent into 40 faces at intervals of 40 mm, and the bellows type heat transfer body (BF) with adjacent faces spacing of 1 mm (= d) is 20 ° C air (density ρ = 1.166 kg / m³, Constant pressure specific heat C_p= 1005J / kg K), the air flow velocity v (L / s) and the heat exchange rate assuming that the operating conditions of the heat exchanger are constant around 20 ° C and λ (= 0.0257W / m K). Table 1 shows the results of finding the relationship of φ. In this case, μ is μ = ρv × 10^-3 Calculated as (2).

<tables num="1"><img file="JP2004069293A_D0001.tif" /></tables>

The volume V of this heat exchanger formed in a bellows shape is only about 0.32 L. Therefore, the space velocity when v = 1L / s is 3600v / V = 11250h.^-1Will be. Even at such a high space velocity, if the heat transfer body (BF) can be completely bent into a parallel plate type as assumed in the calculation, it is expected to exhibit extremely high performance with a heat exchange rate of 93.5%. Will be done. Similarly, higher spatial velocity v = 2L / s (SV = 22500h)^-1), 3L / s (SV = 33750h)^-1), But high heat exchange rates of 87.8% and 82.8% can be obtained, respectively.

&lt;Performance verification experiment of the 3rd example&gt; Next, Table 2 shows the results of examining the performance of a prototype reactor (Unit 1) having the same dimensions as the above calculation example. A stainless steel foil with a thickness of 0.03 mm was used as the heat transfer material. In addition, a Kanthal wire was provided in the fluid wraparound part (F) as a heating element, and about 50 W was generated by energization. Heat exchange performances of 78, 69, and 68% were obtained at v = 1, 2, and 3 L / s, respectively.

<tables num="2"><img file="JP2004069293A_D0002.tif" /></tables>

(Fourth Example) --- Corresponding to the Invention of Claim 4 Fig. 8 shows the reactor according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention. In this reactor, heating in the reactor described in FIG. 7 is performed by a catalytic reaction of reaction components contained in the fluid. In the self-heat exchanger having the structure shown in FIG. 5, this reactor supports the catalyst (H) on the entire surface of the heat transfer body (BF) or the surface near the end face around which the fluid wraps, and is integrated with the self-heat exchanger. It is a modified catalytic reactor. In this reactor, by integrating the self-heat exchange structure having a bellows-type heat transfer surface with a high heat exchange rate and the monolith-type catalyst carrier structure, the temperature of the reaction fluid is eventually changed as in the case of FIG. Sufficient temperature for catalytic reaction can be obtained inside the reactor without raising it so much (for example, the temperatures at D, F and D'are 20 ° C, 300 ° C and 50 ° C, respectively), and the reaction is highly efficient and energy-saving. Can be realized.

&lt;Performance verification experiment of the 4th example&gt; In order to actually verify the performance of the self-heat exchange type catalytic reactor of the fourth embodiment, stainless steel foils with a thickness of 0.03 mm, a width of 200 mm, and a length of 2720 mm were used as heat transfer bodies at intervals of 40 mm at right angles to the longitudinal direction. A rectangular parallelepiped bellows-shaped heat transfer body as shown in Fig. 5 was prepared by bending it into a total of 68 surfaces and having an overall shape of about 40 × 40 × 200 mm. At this time, the distance between adjacent surfaces of the bent heat transfer bodies was about 0.59 mm. Further, after coating an alumina-supported platinum catalyst in a range of about 40 mm in width from the end face on the side where the fluid of the heat transfer body wraps around to the fluid inlet / outlet direction, the heat transfer body was placed in a rectangular parallelepiped container made of a stainless steel plate having a thickness of 0.6 mm. This container was provided with entrances and exits corresponding to D and D'in Fig. 5, and air containing a low concentration of volatile organic compounds (VOC) was circulated. Table 3 shows the removal performance and heat exchange performance results of each VOC for this prototype No. 2. These VOCs with a concentration of 0.3% or less contained in room temperature air are decomposed by 90% or more by self-oxidation only by the heat generated by its own oxidation without applying auxiliary heat from the outside except at the time of ignition. I was able to continue. For toluene, the flow rate is 1.1 L / min (SV = 12400h)^-1) With a relatively high spatial velocity, CO with a removal rate of about 94% for toluene with a concentration of about 0.1%.₂And H₂Completely decomposed into O.

<tables num="3"><img file="JP2004069293A_D0003.tif" /></tables>

In painting factories, air pollution caused by volatile organic compounds (so-called VOC, volatile organic compounds) such as toluene and xylene has become a problem. However, if this reactor is used, for example, air containing 0.1% of toluene does not require additional heating energy, and by using an oxidation catalyst such as a platinum catalyst, only the heat generated by catalytic combustion of toluene is used. As a result, the reaction temperature can be maintained and oxidative decomposition can be performed. That is, this reactor can be expected to be applied to equipment for treating low-concentration volatile organic pollutants in the air.

(Fifth Example) --- Corresponding to the invention of claim 5. FIG. 9 shows the reactor according to the fifth embodiment of the present invention. In the self-heat exchanger having the structure shown in FIG. 5, this reactor gives the heat transfer body (BF) heat storage property, and further, the entire surface of the heat transfer body (BF) or the region near the fluid inlet / outlet. A catalyst (H) that reacts the reaction components contained in the fluid is supported on the surface, and the entire surface of the heat transfer body (BF) or the surface of the region near the end face side of the heat transfer body (BF) to which the fluid wraps around. It has a structure in which an adsorbent (I) that adsorbs the reaction component at a low temperature and desorbs it at a high temperature is carried.

According to this reactor, under transient reaction conditions in which the fluid temperature gradually rises, the reaction component is captured by adsorbing the reaction component on the adsorbent (I) while the temperature is low. As the fluid temperature rises, it is heated from the part near the inlet and outlet of the heat transfer body (BF), but the heating of the side part where the fluid wraps around is considerably delayed due to the heat storage property of the heat transfer body (BF). For this reason, by the time the heating spreads throughout the heat transfer body (BF) and the reaction components once adsorbed are desorbed, the temperature near the fluid outlet becomes even higher and the conditions under which a catalytic reaction occurs are achieved. , The reaction component is decomposed with high efficiency and does not go out to the discharge side. A reactor having such a structure is suitable as an automobile exhaust gas converter for treating hydrocarbons discharged when the engine is started, which is easy to be emitted when the engine is started and which is difficult to process with a conventional catalytic converter due to the low exhaust gas temperature. Is.

(Sixth Example) --- Corresponding to the Invention of Claim 6 FIG. 10 shows the reactor according to the sixth embodiment of the present invention. This reactor is a reactor integrated with a self-heat exchanger equipped with a heating element (G) having the structure shown in FIG. It has a structure that is in close contact with the end face.

According to this reactor, by arranging the filter (J) in the space (F) where the temperature is the highest, the inlet and outlet temperature of the fluid can be such as fine particles composed of carbon and high boiling point organic components that can be decomposed at high temperature. It is a self-regenerating filter trap that can be processed without increasing the temperature so much and not applying much heat energy. Particulate matter (PM) in diesel engine exhaust gas, especially solid carbon content (soot) in it, cannot be quickly oxidized and removed unless it reaches 600 ° C or higher. In the past, there was a technology that intermittently raises the exhaust gas temperature to this extent to oxidize (PM) captured by the filter and regenerate the filter, but the energy (fuel) required for this is considerable. It was. However, according to this reactor, there is an advantage that it is possible to obtain a temperature at which PM oxidation occurs rapidly without applying much energy. In this reactor, if a PM oxidation catalyst containing Mo, V, etc. is supported on the filter (J), the temperature to be reached can be lowered to 500 ° C or 400 ° C. It is also possible to further reduce the energy loss. This reactor can be applied as a self-regenerating diesel particulate filter.

(7th Example) --- Corresponding to the invention of claim 7. FIG. 11 shows the reactor according to the 7th embodiment according to the present invention. In the self-regenerating filter trap described with reference to FIG. 10, this reactor has a structure in which heating is performed by a catalytic reaction instead of providing a heating element (G). That is, this reactor is provided with a filter (J) for capturing and removing fine particles on the end face of the heat transfer body (BF) on the side where the fluid wraps around.

According to this reactor, the temperature in the filter (J) can be raised to a required level by adding the catalytic reaction component as much as necessary to the fluid. As in the case of FIG. 10, this reactor can be used as a self-regenerating filter trap that processes PM in the exhaust gas of a diesel engine. By performing the heating by catalytic oxidation of the fuel, the heat energy utilization efficiency is higher than that through the heating element, which is more practical. This reactor can also be applied as a self-regenerating diesel particulate filter.

(8th Example) --- Corresponding to the invention of claim 8 FIG. 12 shows the reactor according to the 8th embodiment according to the present invention. This reactor uses a porous material (K) having a filter function as the heat transfer body (BF) in the self-heat exchanger having the structure shown in FIG. The structure is such that the space (F) is eliminated and the heat transfer body (BF) and the surface (A') are sealed.

In a reactor of this structure, the fluid entering from the inlet (D) passes through the heat transfer body wall, exits to the opposite side, and is discharged from the outlet (D'). During that time, the fine particles suspended in the fluid are captured on the surface of the heat transfer body. In this reactor, the heat transfer element (BF) is supported by a catalyst that promotes a catalytic oxidation reaction, and the reaction components are added to the fluid before entering the reactor, as in the case of FIG. 8 or FIG. In addition, the heat transfer body and filter itself is heated by the heat generated by the catalytic reaction. Furthermore, due to the self-heat exchange type flow path structure similar to that in Fig. 5, the temperature rises toward the lower part of the heat transfer body, and it is realized below the region where fine particles are decomposed and removed. The degree of filter regeneration (easiness of fluid permeation) may be grasped by means such as measuring the differential pressure before and after the reactor, and the degree of heating of the reactor may be adjusted until the required level is reached.

In addition, according to this reactor, an alternating sealing type fine particle filter that has been widely used in the past (Fig. 13, L is a porous wall with a filter function, M is a sealing material that alternately closes the flow path entrance / exit of a honeycomb structure). It is also possible to obtain a filter area density similar to that of the above, and since it has a self-heat exchange ability, it is possible to regenerate the filter with less waste of heat energy. This reactor can also be applied as a self-regenerating diesel particulate filter.

(9th Example) --- Corresponding to the Invention of Claim 9 Next, a radiant heater based on the self-heat exchanger having the structure shown in FIG. 5 will be described. FIG. 14 shows a radiant heater according to a ninth embodiment of the present invention. In the self-heat exchanger shown in Fig. 5, this radiant heater has a combustion burner (N) in the space (F) around which the fluid wraps, and heat conductivity and heat radiation in a part of the wall that separates the space (F) from the outside. It has a structure equipped with a heat radiation plate (P) with a high rate. In this radiant heater, a gas containing a combustion oxidant such as air that reacts with fuel (O) is used as the fluid.

According to such a structure, by transferring the heat of the combustion exhaust gas to the inflow gas having a low temperature, it is possible to obtain a highly efficient radiant heater with less heat energy to be discarded in the combustion exhaust gas. This radiant heater can be applied as an energy-saving gas combustion heater with little heat energy loss to the combustion exhaust gas.

(10th Example) FIG. 15 shows a radiant heater according to the 10th example according to the present invention. This radiant heater is a radiant heater that uses a catalytic reactor integrated with the self-heat exchanger shown in FIG. 8, and has thermal conductivity and heat in a part of the wall that separates the space (F) around which the fluid wraps and the outside. It has a structure equipped with a thermal radiation plate (P) with a high radiation rate. In this radiant heater, a fluid containing a reaction component that undergoes an exothermic reaction due to the action of the catalyst may be used. Normally, an oxidation catalyst such as platinum may be used as the catalyst, and a mixture of hydrocarbons and air may be used as the fluid. ..

According to such a structure, most of the exhaust heat carried by the fluid generated by the catalytic reaction is transferred to the inflow fluid having a low temperature to obtain a highly efficient radiant heater with less exhaust heat energy to be discarded in the fluid. Can be done. This radiant heater can also be applied as an energy-saving gas combustion heater with little heat energy loss to the combustion exhaust gas.

The examples of the present invention have been described above, but next, some typical modifications of the examples of the present invention will be described.

(Modification 1) In the second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2), in the second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2), the heat transfer body (BF) is separated from the heat transfer body (BF) in the gap portion of the bellows portion. At least one type of breathable structure is sandwiched between them. Then, this structure is made to act as a spacer. In FIG. 16, as the structure, a stainless wire mesh piece (m, m') having almost the same shape as one bent surface of the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF) is used, and these are used as the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF). It is sandwiched between all the voids. By sandwiching such a structure, the heat transfer surface spacing becomes uniform, heat radiation in the voids of the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF) is blocked, and heat insulation in the flow path direction is increased, while the heat insulation property in the flow path direction is increased. Effects such as increased heat transfer through the structure between adjacent heat transfer surfaces, uniform temperature in the direction perpendicular to the flow path, and increased mechanical strength of the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF) as a structure. Can be obtained, and heat exchange performance and durability can be improved. In order to improve the air permeability and reduce the pressure loss in the heat exchanger, it is necessary to use a material having a large aperture ratio, that is, a large mesh spacing (opening ratio) with respect to the diameter of the wire used for the net. desirable. The mesh direction may be square with respect to the ridge (or valley line) of the heat transfer body (BF) as shown in FIG. 16 or oblique as shown in FIG. 17 (a). Also, instead of using a wire mesh piece that has a cut surface of the wire wire at the end, as shown in Fig. 17 (b), if the wire wire is bent into a loop shape and processed into a wire mesh shape, the heat transfer body ( It is possible to prevent the BF) and the filter material shown below from being damaged at the end of the wire.

Next, an example of the demonstration result of the above-mentioned modification 1 is shown. Table 4 shows a bellows-shaped heat transfer body in which stainless steel foil with the same dimensions as the first prototype, that is, 0.03 mm thick, 1600 mm long, and 200 mm wide, is bent at 40 mm intervals at right angles to the length direction. Regarding BF), alumina-supported platinum catalysts are supported on both surfaces with a width of about 100 mm near the fluid wraparound side, and a plain woven stainless steel wire mesh (opening ratio 73.9%) with a wire diameter of 0.45 mm and 8 mesh is used with the mesh direction as the square 40. It shows the performance of a self-heat exchange type catalytic reactor (prototype No. 3) in which 39 structures cut into a rectangle of × 175 mm are sandwiched between bellows-shaped voids. In this case, the gap between the gaps was about 1 mm. For all VOCs, the reaction continued in a self-oxidizing manner under the reaction conditions shown in Table 4. As is clear from the results in Table 3, the heat exchange rate improved by 10% or more under the same flow velocity condition even though the heat transfer body area was about 2/3. In the case of toluene, the heat exchange rate reaches 92% under the flow rate condition of 0.64 L / s. Along with this, the VOC concentration at which catalytic combustion can be continued by self-oxidation becomes remarkably small, and the reaction proceeds even at a low concentration of 0.023% with toluene under the same flow velocity condition. In addition, the VOC removal rate is also significantly improved compared to the second prototype. For example, a high spatial velocity with a flow velocity of 2.92 L / s (= 32800 h)^-1) But 0.06% toluene is self-oxidizing with a 99% removal rate of CO₂And H₂Completely decomposed into O.

<tables num="4"><img file="JP2004069293A_D0004.tif" /></tables>

(Modification 2) In the eighth embodiment (corresponding to claim 8), in the eighth embodiment (corresponding to claim 8), a material having a filter function is formed into a bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF) by using a spacer structure. Is. According to a modified example in which a structure as a spacer is sandwiched between heat transfer body gaps, a material with weak structural strength, which was previously thought to be difficult to use as a heat transfer body, is also used as a bellows type heat transfer body (BF). It becomes possible to do. FIG. 18 shows a bellows-shaped heat transfer body in which a heat-resistant filter cloth (FC) having a function of capturing combustible fine particles such as particulate matter discharged from a diesel engine is combined with the structure (m, m'). It was used as BF) (self-heat exchanger type filter trap). One side of the filter cloth (FC) is made by folding one end of the filter cloth (FC) to increase the thickness (R part in Fig. 18 (a)), folding it in a bellows shape, and compressing it from the lateral direction. The side void is closed by the filter cloth (FC) itself at one end in the bellows-like longitudinal direction. Put this in a rectangular parallelepiped container with a flow path entrance and exit, close the end face of the side where the filter is not folded back with an appropriate sealing material (s in Fig. 18 (b)), and the folded part (R) of the filter cloth (FC) is on the outside. A self-heat exchange type filter trap can be obtained by closely contacting the folded portion and the heat exchanger container or by using an appropriate sealing material (not shown). That is, FIG. 18 (b) is a front perspective view of this structure, but the fluid containing combustible fine particles (typically the combustion exhaust gas) entering from the front entrance (D) of the figure is a spacer (typically, combustion exhaust gas). The spacer (m') is placed by passing through the filter cloth (FC) in the highly breathable part where fine particles are not captured so much while moving downward through the front gap where m) is placed. It flows upward through the gap on the back side and is discharged from the exit (D') on the back side. During this time, self-heat exchange is performed between the outward route side and the return route side.

Further, in FIG. 19 (a), not only one end of the filter cloth (FC) similar to that in FIG. 18 (a) is folded to increase the thickness, but also the other end is folded to the opposite side to increase the thickness. , A front perspective view of a self-heat exchanger type filter trap in a bellows shape using a spacer (m: placed on the front side, m': placed on the back side). In this way, both ends of the bellows-shaped gap are alternately sealed. As a result, the sealing material (s) shown in FIG. 18 (b) becomes unnecessary, and the structure as a self-heat exchange type filter trap can be simplified. In addition, in this alternately sealed bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF), as shown in Fig. 19 (b), the fluid inlet (D) may be brought upward instead of the front side as in the past. It is possible. The exit (D') is on the back side as in FIG. 19 (a). By setting the inlet at this position, the fluid can easily flow evenly into the plurality of outward gaps of the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF), so that the heat exchange performance and the fine particle trapping function are improved. Of course, in this case, the flow path direction can be opposite.

(Modification 3) In the second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2), in the second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2), a catalyst, an adsorbent, a heat storage material, and a filter material are provided in the voids of the bellows portion of the heat transfer body (BF). It is sandwiched between functional materials such as. In Examples 4, 5 and 8, it was assumed that the catalyst, the adsorbent and the heat storage material were all used as the heat transfer body (BF) or were directly supported by the heat transfer body (BF). Is a material in which these functional materials are sandwiched in a heat transfer body gap separately from the heat transfer body (BF).

The first of the third modification is a structure in which a functional material such as a catalyst, an adsorbent, and a heat storage material is supported on the spacer structure used in the first modification. Further, the second of the present modification 3 uses a structure that has both a role as a spacer and a functional material. For example, a method such as filling the voids with pellet-type catalysts having a substantially constant particle size and appropriate mechanical strength can be used. Further, in the third modification of the third modification, there is a structure in which a functional material is sandwiched in addition to the spacer structure.

Here, FIG. 20 shows a third example of the present modification 3. This example shows the vicinity of the end where the fluid wraps around the bellows-shaped heat transfer body (BF) sandwiching the spacers (m: outward path side and m': return path side) similar to those shown in FIG. Is. In this vicinity, a band-shaped heat-resistant cloth (CL) carrying a functional material such as a catalyst is further sandwiched between the heat transfer body (BF) and the spacer (m'). By sandwiching the functional material separate from the heat transfer body (BF) in this way, it is possible to place the functional material only on the outward or inbound side as a self-heat exchanger, and various performance improvements can be achieved. Can be done.

Moreover, the empirical example of the third above-mentioned example (FIG. 20) of this modification 3 is shown. Table 5 shows a self-heat exchanger with a wire mesh structure (m, m') of the same size and structure as the prototype No. 3 except that the catalyst was not supported on the heat transfer body (BF). Performance of a self-heat exchange type catalyst reactor (prototype No. 4) in which a strip-shaped, heat-resistant cloth (CL) carrying a platinum catalyst with a length of 1600 mm and a width of 40 mm is sandwiched only on the return path side near the fluid wraparound end. It is shown. Compared to the results in Table 4, the heat exchange rate under the same conditions is improved by about 2%. Regarding ethylene, it has a high space velocity (22300h) with a flow velocity of 1.98L / s.^-1), But a high heat exchange rate that is almost equal to the theoretical value shown in Table 1 is obtained. It is considered that this is because, in addition to the effect of the spacer structure (m, m') described above, the catalytic reaction occurs only on the return path side, so that the arrangement is such that heat exchange is easy to the upstream side (outward path side).

<tables num="5"><img file="JP2004069293A_D0005.tif" /></tables>

Compared to the prototype No. 4, a mulite heat-resistant cloth (CL) carrying vanadium pentoxide, which has a filter function and a carbon oxidation catalyst, is adhered to the end face of the fluid wraparound part of the heat transfer body (BF). Then, the gas flow path direction was opposite to that in Table 5, that is, the prototype No. 5 was made so that the catalyst carrier was on the outward path side, and the performance as a self-heat exchange type filter trap was verified. The fluid used here is room temperature air in which carbon black is suspended at 0.1 to 1 mg / L, and imitates diesel exhaust gas. To raise the reaction temperature, further H with respect to air₂Was added at 1.5%. The flow velocity of this mixed gas was 0.33 L / s. As a result, H₂Due to the heat of reaction and self-exchange function when the reactor is oxidized on a platinum catalyst, the average temperature T at the folded part of this reactor_roAscended to 567 ° C, and the amount of carbon black that passed through this prototype without being captured was 0.109 g (= W)._C) And CO produced by the oxidation of carbon black₂Amount of incinerated carbon calculated from CO and 0.175g (= W)_COx) Obtained carbon removal rate φ (= W)_COx/ (W_C+ W_COx) × 100) was 62%. In addition, the above T_roAnd entrance temperature 29 ° C (T)_i), Outlet temperature 123 ° C (T)_{o o}The heat exchange rate obtained from) was about 83%.

(Modified Example 4) This modified example 4 is a self-heat exchange type heat exchanger having the same function as that of the second embodiment (corresponding to claim 2), in which a part of the heat transfer body surface is opened. This is the fluid wraparound part. The fluid wraparound portion (F) of the self-heat exchange type heat exchanger described in the second embodiment uses the end face formed by bending the heat transfer body (BF) in a bellows shape as it is, but in the vicinity of this. The first modification of this modification 4 is to arbitrarily form the boundary and the shape of the space around which the fluid wraps by making a partial cut in the end of the heat transfer body. A specific example is shown in FIG. 21 (a). This is a fluid wraparound (Q) formed by cutting a part of the heat transfer body (BF) into a trapezoidal shape on one bent surface of the bellows type heat transfer body (BF). Other surfaces may be cut jointly with this, or may be cut at different locations or by changing the cut shape to a triangle, rectangle or other shape. In this way, the fluid wraparound space can be formed without providing a gap between the heat transfer body (BF) and the sealing material (s').

In the second embodiment of the present modification 4, in the second embodiment, an opening having a closed circumference is provided on each bent surface of the heat transfer body (BF), and the opening is used as a fluid wraparound portion. An example is shown in Fig. 21 (b). In this method, a circular opening (S) is provided at a position away from the fluid inlet / outlet of each bent surface of the bellows type heat transfer body (BF). At this time, the fundamental difference from FIG. 21 (a) is that the opening does not overlap with the end of the heat transfer body (BF) and occupies a closed planar region. As shown in the figure, there may be a plurality of openings (S) for each bent surface, or one opening (S). By providing such an opening (S), it is possible to form a flow path for self-heat exchange without having to bother to provide a space for fluid wraparound on the end face of the heat transfer body.

(Modification 5) This modification 5 is a combination of a non-breathable heat transfer body (BF), a spacer structure, and a filter cloth. That is, in the modified example 1 in which the heat transfer body (BF) and the spacer structure (m, m': for example, wire mesh) are combined, the structure is further extended from the end face of the fluid wraparound portion of the heat transfer body (BF). A filter cloth (FC) is formed in a bellows shape around it. FIG. 22 shows an example of the present modification 5. As shown in FIG. 22 (a), a rectangular spacer (m') is sandwiched on the return path side of the non-breathable heat transfer body (BF). At that time, the end of the spacer (m') is arranged so as to protrude from the fluid wraparound end face of the heat transfer body (BF). Next, cover a part of the heat transfer body (BF) and the protruding part of the spacer (m') with a filter cloth (FC) that is formed in a bellows shape and has a thickness (R) by folding the end. .. Further, a spacer (m) is sandwiched between the outbound path side gaps so as not to overlap the R portion and to straddle both the filter cloth (FC) and the heat transfer body (BF). FIG. 22 (b) is a cross-sectional view taken out on a plane perpendicular to the heat transfer surface, which more clearly shows the positional relationship of these components. Since the filter cloth (FC) extends further from the end face of the heat transfer body (BF) and the tip is sealed at the folding part, the fluid passes through the filter cloth (FC) and sandwiches the spacer (m') on the return path side. As a result, it functions as a self-heat exchanger equipped with a filter trap. The folding direction of the filter cloth (FC) may be reversed to seal the end of the gap on the return path side (right side of FIG. 22 (b)).

(Deformation Example 6) This Deformation Example 6 is a self-heat exchange type filter trap that combines a heat transfer body (BF) having the shape of Deformation Example 4, a spacer structure (m, m'), and a filter cloth. FIG. 23 shows two examples of this modification 6. In FIG. 23 (a), instead of projecting the spacer from the end of the heat transfer body, a notch as shown in FIG. 21 (a) is made at the end of the heat transfer body, and the filter cloth (FC) and the structure for the spacer ( By arranging m, m'), a ventilation part (Q) having a filter function is formed without protruding the outer path side spacer (m) from the end of the heat transfer body. In this way, the end faces of the heat transfer body (BF) and the spacer (m) can be aligned, and assembly as a filter trap becomes easy. Further, using a heat transfer body (BF) having an opening that does not overlap with the end of the heat transfer body as shown in FIG. 21 (b), a filter cloth (FC) and a spacer structure are used as shown in FIG. 23 (b). (m, m') may be placed. In this way, the end faces of the heat transfer body (BF), filter cloth (FC), and spacer (m') overlap (the end face of the spacer (m) is retracted by R from these), and it is assembled as a filter trap. Becomes even easier.

<figref num="1">It is a three-dimensional perspective view which shows the heat exchanger of the 1st Example by this invention.</figref><figref num="2">(a) is a front perspective view of FIG. 1, and (b) and (c) are front perspective views of a modified example.</figref><figref num="3">It is a figure which shows another example of 1st Example.</figref><figref num="4">It is a figure which shows another example of 1st Example.</figref><figref num="5">It is a perspective view which shows the heat exchanger which concerns on 2nd Example by this invention.</figref><figref num="6">(a) is a front perspective view of FIG. 5, and (b) and (c) are another front perspective views.</figref><figref num="7">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of the 3rd Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="8">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of 4th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="9">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of the 5th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="10">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of 6th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="11">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of the 7th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="12">It is a front perspective view which shows the reactor of 8th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="13">It is explanatory drawing of the alternating sealing type particulate filter.</figref><figref num="14">It is a front perspective view of the radiant heater of the 9th Example based on the self-heat exchanger according to the present invention.</figref><figref num="15">It is a front perspective view of the radiant heater of the tenth embodiment based on the self-heat exchanger according to this invention.</figref><figref num="16">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 1.</figref><figref num="17">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 1.</figref><figref num="18">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 2.</figref><figref num="19">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 2.</figref><figref num="20">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 3.</figref><figref num="21">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 4.</figref><figref num="22">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 5.</figref><figref num="23">It is explanatory drawing of the modification 6.</figref>

Code description

BF Bellows-type heat transfer body 1 High temperature fluid 2, 2'Low temperature fluid A, A'Both ends a, a'Both ends B, B'Front and rear sides C, C'Wall D, D', E, E'Gateway F Fluid Wrap-around space G Heat-generating body or heat-absorbing body H Catalyst I Adsorbent J Filter K Porous material L Porous wall M Sealing material N Combustion burner O Fuel P Thermal radiator plate m, m'Spacer R Folded part FC Filter cloth CL cloth s, s'Seal material S, Q Opening