Structure of tunnel liner and method of fabricating it
Abstract
[Task] We will improve structural strength such as bending performance of tunnel liners, reduce manufacturing costs and assembly costs, speed up assembly work, and facilitate quality control and ensuring dimensional accuracy.
Solution.In a liner 8 used for tunnel lining that is arranged along a tunnel pit wall 7 having an arbitrary cross section such as a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or a horseshoe shape and supports the pit wall, two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the ground side or the inside The steel shell 12 of the tunnel liner, in which at least one face plate 15 on the empty side is made of a flat steel plate, is made of flat chord elements substantially parallel to the tunnel wall surface, and is adjacent to each other in the tunnel circumferential direction. The chord element is characterized in that it is formed in a straight or bent shape along the tunnel wall with a cross section perpendicular to the tunnel axis.

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Projected expiry passed 12 October 2020, 5.9 years ago.
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19 claims: 3 independent, 16 dependent
- 1【特許請求の範囲】 【請求項1】 円形,矩形,馬蹄形等の任意断面形状のトンネル坑壁に沿って配設され、坑壁を支持するトンネル覆工に用いるライナーにおいて、トンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板および地山側あるいは内空側の少なくとも1面が平面の鋼板で構成されたトンネルライナーの鋼殻を用いて、トンネル坑壁面に概ね平行な平板状の弦要素で構成され、トンネル周方向に隣り合う前記弦要素は、トンネル軸に垂直な断面でトンネル坑壁に沿って直線又は屈折して形成されていることを特徴とするトンネルライナーの構造。
- 2【請求項2】 円形,矩形,馬蹄形等の任意断面形状のトンネル坑壁に沿って配設され、坑壁を支持するトンネル覆工に用いるライナーにおいて、前記トンネルライナーは、トンネル坑壁面に概ね平行な平板形状の弦要素により構成され、トンネル周方向に隣り合う前記弦要素はトンネル軸に垂直な断面でトンネル坑壁に沿って形成された直線又は屈折弦材トンネルライナーであり、前記弦要素は、トンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板およびトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれか1面、あるいは両面の面板とで鋼殻を構成し、前記トンネル軸に沿った2面の側板は概ねトンネル坑壁面の法線方向に沿って形成され、前記4面の側板と前記1面あるいは2面の面板は互いに接触する辺が固着して構成されたことを特徴とするトンネルライナーの構造。
- 3【請求項3】 請求項2の鋼殻における地山側と内空側の両面に面板を設けて鋼殻を構成するのに代えて、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれか1面の面と請求項2記載のトンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板および、トンネル軸に沿った2面の側板とで鋼殻を構成し、前記トンネル軸に沿った2面の側板は概ねトンネル坑壁面の法線方向に沿って形成され、前記トンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板の面板の無い側がライナー厚さの位置で、面板と平行に延ばされ、あるいは、複数回同じ方向に折曲げ加工あるいは渦巻き状に曲げ加工されてコンパクトに畳まれており、前記4面の側板と前記1面の面板は互いに接触する辺が固着されていることを特徴とするトンネルライナーの構造。
- 4【請求項4】 円形あるいは矩形,馬蹄形等の任意断面形状のトンネル坑壁に沿って配設され、坑壁を支持するトンネル覆工に用いるライナーにおいて、前記トンネル覆工は、トンネル坑壁面に概ね平行な平板形状の弦要素より構成され、トンネル周方向に隣り合う前記弦要素はトンネル軸に垂直な断面でトンネル坑壁に沿って屈折された形状になっている、屈折弦材トンネル覆工であり、1本のライナーは複数の前記弦要素より構成され、トンネル軸に垂直な2列の複数面の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれか複数面、あるいは、両面のそれぞれ複数の面板と、前記トンネル軸に垂直な側板および前記地山側あるいは内空側の面板のトンネル周方向端部に配設されたトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板とで鋼殻を構成し、このトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板は概ねトンネル坑壁面の法線方向に沿って形成され、前記トンネル軸に垂直な2列複数面の側板と、前記トンネル軸に沿った2面の側板と、前記複数面の面板は互いに接触する辺が固着されていることを特徴とするトンネルライナーの構造。
- 5【請求項5】 前記平板状の弦要素は、複数の面板がフラット又は角形に形成され、トンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板が前記角形形成の角部においてコーナ部補強構造により連結されている請求項2~4のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 6【請求項6】 前記各請求項に記載の鋼殻のトンネル軸方向に垂直な2列の側板部分において、トンネル軸方向に沿って相対する側板間において互いに噛み合い、トンネル坑壁面の法線方向のズレを防ぐ凸状部あるいは凹状部が、それぞれの側板の長手方向と平行に曲げ形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2~5のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 7【請求項7】 トンネル軸方向に垂直な2列の側板の面板の無い側が、ライナー厚さの位置で面板と平行に所要の長さ鋼殻内方に折り曲げ加工され、コンクリート面に平行に延ばされることで請求項6の噛み合いの凹凸を兼ねていることを特徴とする請求項2~5のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 8【請求項8】 前記鋼殻の面板が内空側のみで構成されている鋼殻において、当該鋼殻に充填した地山側のコンクリート表面がトンネル坑壁面形状に沿うように形成されていることを特徴とする請求項2~7のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 9【請求項9】 地山側あるいは内空側のいずれかの面板、あるいは両方の面板に、冷間成形により所要の大きさ,所要のピッチで鋼殻内側方向に突出する凸部を設けたことを特徴とする請求項2~8のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 10【請求項10】 弦要素間の屈折部において、平形状あるいは山形状あるいはT型形状をした鋼板をトンネル坑壁面の法線方向と概ね平行になるように面板屈折部および、トンネル軸方向に垂直な側板に固着して補強する構造を特徴とする請求項2~9のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 11【請求項11】 弦要素間の屈折部において、トンネル周方向の主筋を貫通させる孔を開けた鋼板をトンネル坑壁面の法線方向と概ね平行になるよう面板屈折部に固着して、周方向主筋を貫通させ補強する構造の請求項4に記載の弦要素間の屈折部において、トンネル周方向の主筋を貫通させる孔を開けた鋼板をトンネル坑壁面の法線方向と平行になるように面板屈折部に固着して、周方向主筋を貫通させて補強する構造を特徴とするトンネルライナーの構造。
- 12【請求項12】 前記の鋼殻が、トンネル軸に垂直な2面の側板またはトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板あるいは前記両方の複数面の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれかの面板が、1枚の鋼板を用いて所要の形状に切断され、面板と側板とのそれぞれの辺が冷間で折り曲げ加工されて一体成形され、前記の複数面の側板間の接続する端部がある場合は、その端部が固着されて一体に成形され、必要に応じてその端部に残りの側板が、または残りの面板が、あるいは残りの側板および内空側の面板が固着されていることを特徴とする請求項2~11のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 13【請求項13】 トンネル軸に垂直な2列の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれかの面板が、1枚の片面突起付き鋼板を、その突起が、鋼殻内側方向に突出し、かつトンネル周方向(トンネル軸に垂直な方向)のずれ止めとなる方向に用いて所要の形状に切断され、面板と側板との境界の辺が冷間で折り曲げ加工されて一体成形されていることを特徴とする請求項2~12のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 14【請求項14】 前記鋼殻にはコンクリートが充填されていない請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 15【請求項15】 前記鋼殻にはコンクリートが充填されている請求項1~13のいずれかに記載のトンネルライナーの構造。
- 16【請求項16】 トンネル軸に垂直な2列の側板あるいはトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板、あるいは前記両方の複数面の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれかの面板とを1枚の鋼板を用いて所要形状に切断した後に、当該切り板から、それぞれの辺あるいは前記辺かつ側板折り曲げ部を冷間成型法で所要の角度に折り曲げ加工して一体に成形し、更に前記の側板間の接続する端部がある場合は、その端部を固着し、必要に応じてその鋼殻端部に残りの側板を、あるいは残りの面板を、あるいは残りの側板および面板を固着して、鋼殻を構成することを特徴とする請求項12に記載するトンネルライナーの製作方法。
- 17【請求項17】 請求項7に記載の鋼殻の製作において、1枚の鋼板を用いて所要形状に切断してなる切り板から、隣接する面板間の1本の辺に対応する位置に所要の角度を有する屈折部形状を有し、かつトンネル軸に垂直な側板と面板との平行な2本の辺に対応する位置に直角折曲げ部形状を有するプレス用金型を用いて、それぞれの辺の折曲げ部を同時に冷間プレス成型法で形成し、当該冷間プレス一体成形の加工工程を弦要素毎に繰り返すことを特徴とする請求項12に記載のトンネルライナーの製作方法。
- 18【請求項18】 請求項9の鋼殻の製作において、前記金型が、隣接する面板間の辺に対応する位置に、所要の角度を有する屈折部形状を有し、かつトンネル軸に垂直な側板と面板との辺に対応する位置に直角折曲げ部形状を有し、かつ請求項13に記載の面板の凸部に対応する位置に凹凸の付形されたプレス面を有しており、当該金型を用いて、それぞれの辺の折り曲げ部の鋼殻内側方向に突出する凸部を同時に冷間プレス成形法で一体に形成することを特徴とする請求項17に記載のトンネルライナーの製作方法。
- 19【請求項19】 トンネル軸に垂直な2列の側板と、地山側あるいは内空側のいずれかの面板で構成される一体化した鋼殻部分の製作において、所要の幅を有するコイル状に巻かれた熱間圧延鋼板(ホットコイル)を用いて、前記2列の側板と前記面板との境界の平行な二辺、あるいは前記の二辺でかつ側板折り曲げ部のライナー複数体分を冷間ロール成形法で連続して一体に成形し、その後でトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板と固着させる2面の端面を所要の角度を有する平面で切断して、1つあるいは複数の弦要素よりなるライナー1体分を切り出し、複数の弦要素よりなる場合は、前記の複数面の側板の接続する端部を所要形状で切断し、その後に隣り合う面板間の辺を所要の角度になるよう冷間で折り曲げ加工し、前記の複数面の側板間の接続する端部を固着して一体に成形し、その端面にトンネル軸に沿った2面の側板を固着し、場合により、残りの1面の面板も固着して、鋼殻を作成することを特徴とする請求項16に記載するトンネルライナーの製作方法。
Independent claims19
181 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
【0001】
[Technical field to which the invention belongs]
The present invention is a tunnel liner used for lining various tunnels using a mountain tunnel method, a TBM method, a shield method, etc. The tunnel liner is made of a steel shell, and the steel shell is filled or unfilled with concrete. The present invention relates to the structure of a tunnel liner using a cold-formed steel plate and a method for manufacturing the tunnel liner.
【0002】
[Conventional technology]
The segment or liner for lining in the mountain tunnel method, TBM method, and shield method is referred to as a liner here.
【0003】
[Problems to be Solved by the Invention]
Conventionally, the usual annular or horseshoe-shaped tunnel lining shape composed of the plurality of liners is formed by a curved surface along the tunnel pit wall.
【0004】
(A) In the case of an annular or horseshoe-shaped tunnel lining shape. If the tunnel lining shape is a curved surface, it has the advantage that it fits well with the curved surface of the tunnel pit wall, but on the other hand, such a curved tunnel lining is more prominent in production than a polygonal tunnel lining. It is disadvantageous, and even if the tunnel lining is polygonal, if it is a polygon that fits the curved surface of the tunnel wall (for example, about 20 squares is not a problem), it will be composed of curved surfaces along the conventional tunnel wall. Compared to tunnel lining, it is significantly more advantageous in terms of production and can be manufactured at low cost.
【0005】
However, the conventional tunnel lining shape cannot be made into a polygonal shape for the following reasons. When constructing a tunnel lining with a string element (one unit of the tunnel lining composed of multiple members is called in this way) as one liner piece, arrange it in a staggered manner with a deviation of approximately half a piece from the adjacent lining ring. Then, in the polygonal tunnel lining, the sides of the adjacent rings do not match, which hinders the transmission of the jack thrust in the tunnel axial direction. In addition, when trying to stagger the arrangement by half a piece, the length of one side is required to some extent in order to exert the splicing effect, and the number of sides of the polygon is reduced. The cross-sectional force becomes large and it becomes uneconomical. Focusing on the mechanical behavior of each chord element in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis, secondary cross-sectional forces such as bending moment and shear force as a straight beam of fixed or hinges that receive an evenly distributed load outside the plane are generated, and as a tunnel cross section. It is added to the cross-sectional force of. Therefore, the cross section of the member becomes large, which makes it uneconomical. In the case of a shield tunnel, since the separation distance between the inner surface of the iron skin of the shield machine and the outer surface of the segment changes, it becomes difficult for the tail brush to adhere to the outer surface of the segment at the tail seal portion, and the sealing property cannot be ensured. In the case of mountain tunnels, when the liner is pressed against the ground by the expansion of the liner, the effect of restraining the ground on the surface is greatly reduced.
【0006】
(B) In the case of SC segment (liner structure of steel / concrete composite structure). As shown in FIG. 33, in this synthetic liner 1, the two side plates 2 and the one side plate 3 on the ground side are integrally cold press-formed with the same thickness and the curvature of the tunnel. A liner (a jig for fastening bolts or a chuck pin jig is attached to the side plate 2 in order to connect the segments 1 to each other in the tunnel axial direction, and the joint plate 4 on the two surfaces is integrally molded with the side plate 2. It is fixed to both ends of the ground side plate 3 in the circumferential direction, and a jig for fastening bolts is attached to these joint plates 4. The inside of the face plate 3 and the side plate 2 is used to prevent slippage at predetermined intervals. The jigbel steel material is welded and is constructed by filling concrete 6 so that the bolt box 5 can be formed in the steel shell. In this configuration, there are the following problems. In the above configuration, in order to integrally cold press form two side plates and one ground side face plate from one steel plate with a tunnel curvature, the face plates must be uniformly extended for that purpose. It requires pressing under the restraint of the surroundings, and requires advanced technology and special equipment. Further, when there is a face plate on the inner air side, the face plate must be uniformly shrunk, which is difficult to realize. Due to the above, cold roll forming is extremely difficult. On the inner air side, a reinforcing bar having a tensile strength equivalent to that of the face plate on the ground side is required. Further, because of the above, the concrete cannot be resisted against bending in the circumferential direction unless the concrete is filled. Due to the curvature, it is difficult to form deep irregularities on the side plates in the circumferential direction of the tunnel. A special gibber steel material is welded for integration with concrete, which increases the manufacturing cost.
【0007】
(C) In the case of Tokusei 3-59300 (composite segment). This is a synthetic segment in which steel plates with double-sided protrusions with both ends bent are provided facing each other on the inner air side and the ground side of the tunnel, and concrete is cast with a gibber on the inside. There's a problem. In order to ensure the integrity of the steel plate and concrete, a steel plate with protrusions is used and a gibber is provided, but this increases the processing cost. When joining a steel plate with protrusions and a side plate in the circumferential direction by welding, when placing the steel plate with protrusions on the side plate, it is necessary to scrape the protrusions at the joint, and when sandwiching the steel plate with protrusions between the side plates, the steel plate with protrusions High cutting accuracy is required. In any case, it leads to an increase in production cost.
【0008】
(D) In the case of special fair 7-252994 (concrete-filled steel segment). This is a joint structure having a high shear strength, which is formed by forming a concavo-convex shape that meshes with the joint plate or main girder plate of a concrete-filled steel segment in the radial direction of the tunnel and fastening with bolts, but has the following problems. In order to form the uneven shape on a steel sheet, a hot rolling or forging process is required, and the manufacturing cost is relatively high. Since the meshing of unevenness remains due to the restrictions on the manufacturing process and the restrictions on the thickness of the steel sheet, it is indispensable to combine it with bolt tightening. Welding of the joint between the ground side plate, the joint plate, and the main girder plate requires not only strength but also water stoppage, quality control is difficult, and it is difficult to secure dimensional accuracy due to welding strain.
【0009】
An object of the present invention is to provide a structure of a tunnel liner using a cold-formed steel sheet and a method for manufacturing the same, which solves the above-mentioned problems.
【0010】
[Means for solving problems]
In order to solve the above problems, the present invention is configured as follows. The invention of claim 1 is a liner arranged along a tunnel pit wall having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape such as a circular shape, a rectangular shape, or a horseshoe shape, and used for tunnel lining to support the pit wall, and has two side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis. And using the steel shell of the tunnel liner whose at least one surface on the ground side or the inner air side is made of flat steel plate, it is composed of flat chord elements that are almost parallel to the tunnel wall surface and adjacent to each other in the tunnel circumferential direction. The chord element is characterized in that it is formed in a straight line or bent along the tunnel wall with a cross section perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The invention of claim 2 is circular, rectangular, In a liner used for tunnel lining that is arranged along a tunnel pit wall having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape such as a horseshoe shape and supports the pit wall, the tunnel liner is composed of flat plate-shaped chord elements substantially parallel to the tunnel pit wall surface. The chord elements adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the tunnel are straight or refracting chord material tunnel liners formed along the tunnel wall with a cross section perpendicular to the tunnel axis, and the chord elements are two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axis. A steel shell is composed of a side plate and two side plates along the tunnel axis, and one or both side plates on the ground side or the inner air side, and the two side plates along the tunnel axis are generally tunnels. It is formed along the normal direction of the tunnel wall surface, and the four side plates and the one or two side plates are characterized in that the sides in contact with each other are fixed to each other. In the invention of claim 3, instead of forming the steel shell by providing face plates on both the ground side and the inner air side of the steel shell of claim 2, the surface of either the ground side or the inner air side is provided. The steel shell is composed of the two side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the two side plates along the tunnel axis according to claim 2, and the two side plates along the tunnel axis are generally the wall surface of the tunnel. Formed along the normal direction, the side plate of the two side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis is extended parallel to the face plate at the liner thickness position, or bent in the same direction multiple times. It is bent in a spiral shape and folded compactly, and the four side plates and the one side plate are characterized in that the sides in contact with each other are fixed to each other. The invention of claim 4 is circular or rectangular, In a liner used for tunnel lining that is arranged along a tunnel pit wall having an arbitrary cross-sectional shape such as a horseshoe shape and supports the pit wall, the tunnel lining is composed of flat plate-shaped chord elements that are substantially parallel to the tunnel pit wall surface. The chord elements adjacent to each other in the circumferential direction of the tunnel are bent chord material tunnel linings with a cross section perpendicular to the tunnel axis and bent along the tunnel wall. Two rows of side plates composed of the chord elements and perpendicular to the tunnel axis, multiple side plates on either the ground side or the inner air side, or multiple face plates on both sides, and side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis. A steel shell is composed of two side plates along the tunnel axis arranged at the end of the surface plate on the ground side or the inner air side in the tunnel circumferential direction, and the two side plates along the tunnel axis are generally formed. Two rows of side plates formed along the normal direction of the tunnel wall surface and perpendicular to the tunnel axis, two side plates along the tunnel axis, and the sides of the plurality of face plates in contact with each other It is characterized in that it is fixed. In the invention of claim 5, in the flat chord element, a plurality of face plates are formed flat or square, and two side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis are connected by a corner reinforcing structure at the corners of the square formation. It is characterized by being. According to the sixth aspect of the present invention, in the two rows of side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction of the steel shells according to each of the above claims, the side plates are engaged with each other between the side plates facing each other along the tunnel axial direction, and the normal of the tunnel wall surface. It is characterized in that a convex portion or a concave portion that prevents a deviation in the direction is bent and formed in parallel with the longitudinal direction of each side plate. In the invention of claim 7, the non-face plate side of the two rows of side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction is bent inward in the steel shell for a required length parallel to the face plate at the position of the liner thickness, and is parallel to the concrete surface. It is characterized in that it also serves as the unevenness of the meshing according to claim 4 by being extended to. In the invention of claim 8, in a steel shell in which the face plate of the steel shell is composed of only the inner air side, the concrete surface on the ground side filled in the steel shell is formed so as to follow the shape of the tunnel wall surface. Features that And. The invention of claim 9 has a size required by cold forming on either the ground side or the inner air side face plate, or both face plates. It is characterized in that a convex portion protruding inward of the steel shell is provided at a required pitch. According to the invention of claim 10, in the refracting portion between the chord elements, the face plate refracting portion and the tunnel axial direction so that the flat, mountain-shaped or T-shaped steel plate is substantially parallel to the normal direction of the tunnel wall surface. It features a structure that is fixed and reinforced by a side plate that is perpendicular to the side plate. In the invention of claim 11, in the refracting portion between the chord elements, a steel plate having a hole for penetrating the main bar in the circumferential direction of the tunnel is fixed to the refracting portion of the face plate so as to be substantially parallel to the normal direction of the wall surface of the tunnel. In the refracted portion between the chord elements according to claim 5 of the structure for penetrating and reinforcing the main bar in the circumferential direction, a steel plate having a hole for penetrating the main bar in the circumferential direction of the tunnel is parallel to the normal direction of the wall surface of the tunnel. It is characterized by a structure that is fixed to the refracted portion of the face plate and is reinforced by penetrating the main bar in the circumferential direction. In the invention of claim 12, the steel shell has two side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis, two side plates along the tunnel axis, or both of the plurality of side plates, and either the ground side or the inner air side. The face plate is cut into a required shape using a single steel plate, and each side of the face plate and the side plate is cold-bent to be integrally formed, and the connecting ends between the side plates of the plurality of surfaces are formed. If there is a portion, its end is fixed and integrally molded, and if necessary, the remaining side plate, or the remaining face plate, or the remaining side plate and the inner empty side plate are fixed to the end. It is characterized by being. In the invention of claim 13, two rows of side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis and either the ground side or the inner air side face plates project one steel plate with single-sided protrusions, and the protrusions project inward toward the inside of the steel shell. In addition, it is cut into the required shape by using it in the direction to prevent slippage in the tunnel circumferential direction (direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis), and the side of the boundary between the face plate and the side plate is cold-bent and integrally molded. It is characterized by that. The invention of claim 14 is characterized by a structure of a tunnel liner in which the steel shell is not filled with concrete. The invention of claim 15 is characterized by a structure of a tunnel liner in which the steel shell is filled with concrete. The invention of claim 16 is for a tunnel axis. Two vertical rows of side plates, two side plates along the tunnel axis, or both of the multiple side plates and either the ground side or the inner air side are made into the required shape using one steel plate. After cutting, each side or the side and side plate bent portion is bent at a required angle by a cold molding method from the cut plate to be integrally formed, and there is an end portion connecting between the side plates. In the case, the steel shell is formed by fixing the end portion and, if necessary, fixing the remaining side plate, the remaining face plate, or the remaining side plate and the face plate to the steel shell end portion. And. The invention of claim 17 is a position corresponding to one side between adjacent face plates from a cut plate formed by cutting into a required shape using one steel plate in the production of the steel shell according to claim 5. Using a press die having a bending portion shape having a required angle and having a right-angled bending portion shape at a position corresponding to two parallel sides of the side plate and the face plate perpendicular to the tunnel axis. It is characterized in that bent portions on each side are simultaneously formed by a cold press molding method, and the processing process of the cold press integral molding is repeated for each chord element. According to the invention of claim 18, in the production of the steel shell, the mold has a bending portion shape having a required angle at a position corresponding to a side between adjacent face plates, and is perpendicular to the tunnel axis. It has a right-angled bent portion shape at a position corresponding to the side plate and the face plate, and has a pressed surface having an uneven shape at a position corresponding to the convex portion of the face plate according to claim 10. Using the die, the convex portions of the bent portions of the respective sides protruding inward of the steel shell are simultaneously and integrally formed by the cold press forming method. The invention of claim 19 is a coil having a required width in the production of an integrated steel shell portion composed of two rows of side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis and face plates on either the ground side or the inner air side. Using a hot-rolled steel sheet (hot coil) wound around the tunnel, cool the two parallel sides of the boundary between the two rows of side plates and the face plate, or the multiple liners on the two sides and the side plate bent portion. It is continuously molded integrally by the inter-roll molding method, and then fixed to the two side plates along the tunnel axis.
【0011】
BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION
Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. Further, in each figure, the equivalent elements will be described with the same reference numerals. FIGS. 1 to 3 show three types of tunnel cross-sectional shapes in which the liner of the present invention was implemented, and FIG. 1 shows the liner 8 arranged along a tunnel wall 7 excavated in a circular (annular) cross section. For example, FIG. 2 shows an example in which the liner 8 is arranged along a tunnel wall 7 excavated in a horseshoe-shaped cross section, and FIG. 3 shows an example in which the liner 8 is arranged along a tunnel wall 7 excavated in a rectangular cross section. An example of the arrangement is shown. In each of the above figures, the backfill material 11 is filled between the liner 8 and the ground 10.
【0012】
4 to 6 are diagrams of an embodiment corresponding to claim 1 of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a breaking perspective view showing a liner 8 having an open sandwich composite structure. In this example, the liner 8 has a steel shell 12 which is a chord element along two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and along the tunnel axis. It is composed of two side plates 14 and a flat face plate 15 on either the ground side or the inner air side.
【0013】
The two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are formed substantially along the normal method of the tunnel wall surface, and the four surfaces including the side plates 14, that is, the side plates 13, 14 and the one surface (or two surfaces described later) are included. The sides of the face plate 15 that come into contact with each other are fixed (partially integrated).
【0014】
Further, in FIG. 4, reinforcing bars 22 are arranged at predetermined intervals in the tunnel circumferential direction and the tunnel axial direction at positions where a predetermined concrete cover can be secured on the empty side of the steel shell 12 in the tunnel, and are inside the steel shell 12. Stuffed concrete 16 has been cast. The two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are fitted with a connecting shaft 17 having a male screw connecting the liner rings and between the liners and the connecting shaft 17. A hole 18 is provided. Inside the side plates 14 and 15, a bolt box 19 is provided at a position corresponding to the fitting hole 18, and the filling concrete 16 is placed so that the concrete 16 does not flow into the bolt box 19. In some cases, the concrete 16 is not filled in the steel shell 12.
【0015】
In the liner 8 shown in FIG. 5, two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are formed of thin steel plates, and the convex portion 20 and the concave portion 21 that prevent deviation in the tunnel radial direction are bent and formed by cold pressing. The convex portion 20 and the concave portion 21 of each side plate 14 of the liner adjacent to each other in the tunnel circumferential direction are shaped to mesh with each other in the tunnel radial direction.
【0016】
Each of the liners 8 in FIGS. 4 and 5 has an open sandwich structure, and in order to further strengthen the bond between the filled concrete 16 and the steel shell 12, the configurations shown in FIGS. 6 (A) to 6 (D) are used. It is good to do. In FIG. 6 (A), a reinforcing bar 23 is welded to the inner surface of the face plate 15 as shown in the figure, and the tip of the reinforcing bar 23 is bent so as to be connected to the reinforcing bar (main bar) 22, or the same figure (B). ), The filled concrete 16 is configured to be more firmly integrated with the steel shell 12 by welding a gibber bar 25 to the inner surface of the face plate 15.
【0017】
In the example of FIGS. 6 (A) and 6 (B), the liner 8 has an open sandwich structure, but as shown in FIGS. 6 (C) and 6 (D), face plates 15 are provided on two surfaces, the ground side and the inner air side. It may have a box sandwich structure.
【0018】
In the liner 8 having a sandwich structure shown in FIG. 6 (C), inside the steel shell 12, the two inner and outer face plates 15 are reinforced by welding with a connecting plate 24, and the liner 8 is reinforced with the inner-filled concrete 16. We are trying to achieve a stronger integration. In the sandwich structure liner 8 shown in FIG. 6 (D), in addition to the connecting plate 24 shown in FIG. 6 (C), a gibber bar 25 is welded to the inner surface of each face plate 15 to form a padded concrete 16. We are trying to further integrate.
【0019】
7 to 10 are diagrams of embodiments corresponding to claim 3 of the present invention. In the examples shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, in the two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis, the side without the face plate 15 is at the liner thickness position and is along the surface of the filled concrete 16 as the bent portion (flange) 26. The required length is bent inward of the steel shell 12 and extended parallel to the concrete surface. The bent portion 26 improves the strength of the steel shell 12, and the filled concrete 16 and the steel shell. It is firmly integrated with 12.
【0020】
In the liner 8 of FIG. 9, instead of the bent portion 26 of FIGS. 7 and 8, the side of the side plate 13 without the face plate 15 is bent or spirally bent in the same direction a plurality of times at the position of the liner thickness. Therefore, the entrainment portion 27 improves the filling at the time of placing concrete, and the concrete 16 and the steel shell 12 are firmly integrated.
【0021】
FIGS. 10 (A) to 10 (D) show a cross-sectional view of the structure of the steel shell 12 in which the steel shell 12 itself is reinforced and the steel shell 12 is firmly integrated with the filled concrete 16. The steel shell 12 in FIG. 10 (A) is the same as the liner 8 in FIGS. 7 and 8 except that the concrete is not filled.
【0022】
In the liner 8 of FIG. 10 (B), an L-shaped reinforcing frame 30 having the same cross-sectional structure as the side plate 13, that is, an L-shaped reinforcing frame 30 having a bent portion 26 at the tip of the upright portion 28 is welded to the inner intermediate portion of the face plate 15. The liner 8 in FIG. 10 (C) has two reinforcements having a cross-sectional structure parallel to the side plate 13 and the same cross-sectional structure as the side plate 13, that is, a winding portion 27 at the tip of the upright portion 28, at a portion near the middle portion of the inner surface of the face plate 15. The frame 29 is welded. The liner steel shell 12 in FIG. 10 (D) is reinforced with a T-shaped cross section such as CT shaped steel or unequal side angle steel instead of the intermediate reinforcing frame 30 having an L-shaped cross section in the steel shell 12 in FIG. 10 (B). An example in which the frame 31 is welded is shown.
【0023】
Each liner 8 shown in FIGS. 10 (A) and 10 (D) becomes a steel shell with improved strength without filling the concrete 16, and when the concrete 16 is filled, the concrete 16 and the steel shell 12 are formed. Will be firmly integrated.
【0024】
FIG. 11 shows the liner 8 of the embodiment corresponding to claim 4. The liner 8 has a polygonal side surface, and a plurality of single-sided plates 15 formed by connecting a plurality of single-sided plates 15 via a bending line 33 are provided on either the ground side or the inner air side (the illustrated example is the ground side). Be done. In addition, two single-sided plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis provided corresponding to each single-sided plate 15 are provided, and the adjacent single-sided plates 13 are connected to each other by a separation line 36 at a predetermined angle. I'm doing it. A plurality of side plates 37 are configured as a whole, and polygonal steel shells 12 formed by arranging two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are shown at both ends of the plurality of face plates 34 in the tunnel circumferential direction.
【0025】
Also in this steel shell 12, reinforcing bars 22 are arranged vertically and horizontally, and filled concrete 16 is filled. Further, the two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel shaft are provided with a connecting shaft 17 for connecting the liner rings and a fitting hole 18 thereof, and the two side plates 14 parallel to the tunnel shaft are fitted to each other. A convex portion 20 and a concave portion 21 are formed so as to prevent the liner 8 from shifting in the radial direction of the tunnel.
【0026】
12, FIG. 13 (A) further show an embodiment corresponding to claim 6, FIGS. 13 (B) and 13 (C) show a modification thereof, and FIG. 12 (D) shows claim 7. The embodiment corresponding to is shown. The polygonal liner 8 shown in FIGS. 12 and 13 (A) has a sandwich synthetic liner structure in which a plurality of face plates 34 are provided on the ground side and the inner air side of the tunnel, and is a single surface having two sides perpendicular to the tunnel axis. A convex portion 40 and a concave portion 41 are formed on the one-side plate 13 so as to be fitted to each other to prevent the liner 8 from being displaced in the tunnel radial direction. These configurations are different from the liner 8 of FIG. 11, and other configurations are the same as the synthetic structure liner 8 of FIG.
【0027】
13 (B) and 13 (C) are different from the liner 8 of the same (A) in the cross-sectional shape of the convex portion 40 and the concave portion 41 provided on the side plates 13 on the two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axis. That is, while the convex portion 40 and the concave portion 41 in FIG. 13 (A) have a chevron cross section, the convex portion 40 and the concave portion 41 in FIGS. It has a semicircular cross section. Further, in the liner 8 of FIG. 13 (D), the convex portion 38 and the concave portion 39 are provided on both sides of the side plates 13 on the two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axial direction so as to have an inside-out opposite relationship when viewed in the radial direction of the tunnel. A convex portion 40 and a concave portion 41 that fit each other are provided, and the side without the face plate 15 and the convex portion 39 side are folded inward along the concrete surface at the position of the liner thickness. An example is shown in which the side plate 13 on the side of the recess 3 is bent 79 and extends to the outer side of the steel shell and parallel to the concrete surface to form an engaging portion 80, which also serves as an meshing unevenness.
【0028】
Liner 8 shown in FIG. 14 and FIG. 15 is to respond to claim 8 which is an embodiment that. The liner 8 shown in FIG. 14 has the same structure as the steel shell 12 of the liner 8 shown in FIG. 5, but the filling shape of the filling concrete 16 filled in the steel shell 12 is different from that of FIG. That is, in the liner 8 of FIG. 14, the face plate 15 of the steel shell 12 is configured on the inner air side, and the steel shell 12 is filled so as to rise from the steel shell 12 on the ground side of the filled concrete 16. The concrete surface 35 is formed in a curved shape so as to follow the shape of the tunnel wall surface.
【0029】
The steel shell 12 of the liner 8 shown in FIG. 15 is a polygonal liner 8 in which the steel shell 12 of the liner 8 shown in FIG. 14 is integrally connected in the tunnel circumferential direction, and the polygonal liner 8 also has this polygonal liner 8. , The concrete surface 35 on the ground side of the filling concrete 16 filled in the steel shell 12 so as to rise from the steel shell 12 is formed in a curved shape so as to follow the shape of the tunnel pit wall surface.
【0030】
The steel shell 12 of the polygonal liner 8 shown in FIG. 16 is shown as an embodiment corresponding to claims 9 and 10, and the face plate 15 located on either the ground side or the inner air side of the liner 8 (FIG. 16). (In the example, the ground side) or both face plates (the ground side is omitted) are provided with convex portions 42 protruding inward of the steel shell at a required size and a required pitch by cold forming, whereby the face plate 15 is provided with a convex portion 42. An example is shown in which the filling concrete 16 and the steel shell 12 are more firmly integrated by improving the strength and suppressing the deviation from the concrete.
【0031】
Further, in the liner 8 of FIG. 16, the partition plate is formed so that the end portion is applied to the inner surface of the face plate 15 and the inner surface of the corner portion along the position of the bending line 33 between the adjacent single face plates 15. 43 is arranged, and the edge of the partition plate 43 and the joint between the face plate 15 and the side plate 13 are fixed by welding.
【0032】
Liner 8 in FIG. 17 is shown as an embodiment corresponding to claim 10. In this polygonal liner 8, a plurality of single-sided plates 15 are connected via a bending line 33 to form a single-sided plate 34 on the ground side or the inner air side, as in the liner 8 of FIG. It has a plurality of side plates 37 composed of a single side plate 13 provided on two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axis corresponding to the one-side plate 15, and two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis, and further has two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The side of the side plate 13 without the plurality of face plates 34 is parallel to the face plate 15 as a plurality of bent portions 26 (the whole is referred to as a plurality of bent portions 46) at the position of the liner thickness, and the required length is inside the steel shell 12. When the steel shell 12 is bent and stretched parallel to the concrete surface when concrete is poured, the strength of the steel shell 12 is improved by the bent portion 26, and when the concrete is filled, the inside thereof. The stuffed concrete 16 and the steel shell 12 are firmly integrated. Further, in the liner 8 of FIG. 17, both ends are provided on the inner surface of the face plate 15 and the inner surface side of the bent portion 26 along the position of the bending line 33 between the adjacent single face plates 15 as in the case of FIG. The partition plate 43 is arranged so as to be inserted, and the end edges of both ends of the partition plate 43 and the joint portion between the face plate 15 and the side plate 13 and the bent portion 26 are fixed by welding.
【0033】
FIG. 18 is an embodiment corresponding to claim 11, which is an example of modification of the steel shell 12 in the liner 8 of FIG. That is, in the liner 8 of FIG. 18, a plurality of reinforcing bar insertion holes 44 are formed in the partition plate 43, and a plurality of main bars 45 formed by bending in a shape similar to the plurality of face plates 34 are inserted into the respective reinforcing bar insertion holes 44. By filling the steel shell 12 with the filling concrete 16 (not shown), the filling concrete 16 is reinforced by the main bar 45, and the strong integration with the steel shell 12 is further enhanced.
【0034】
19 and 20 are the respective embodiments corresponding to claim 12, and show a diagram in the middle of manufacturing the liner 8 shown in the above-described embodiment. In all of the liner 8 manufacturing methods described later, cold bending of a thin steel sheet is a common technical idea.
【0035】
FIG. 19 shows a process in the middle of manufacturing the liner 8 having an open sandwich structure, and the face plate 15 on either the ground side or the inner air side is cut into a required shape using one steel plate. , Each side 47 of the face plate 15 and the side plates 13 on the two sides perpendicular to the tunnel axis is cold-bent at a predetermined R2t (R: bending radius) to be integrally formed, and the end of the side plate 13 is formed into the tunnel axis. An example is shown in which the side plates 14 on two sides along the line are fixed by welding to form a steel shell 12.
【0036】
FIG. 20 shows an example of configuring the liner 8 having a sandwich structure. As shown in Fig. (B), one steel plate is used to cut into the figure shown, and the face plate 15 and the two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the tunnel via the rectangular bending line 48. The two side plates 14 along the shaft are formed by unfolding flatly, and the side plates 13 and 14 on the four sides are coldly bent and processed via the bending line 48, and the ends of the side plates 13 and 14 are formed. The parts are fixed by welding 49 to form a steel frame 59 whose five surfaces are closed and one side is open, and the opening surface of the steel frame 50 is closed by a face plate 15 to form a liner 8 having a sandwich structure.
【0037】
FIG. 21 shows another embodiment corresponding to claim 16. The liner 8 shown in the figure is the same as the steel shell 12 of the polygonal and open sandwich structure liner 8 shown in FIG. 11, and the steel shell 12 is cut into a predetermined shape and integrated. An example of molding is shown. In the figure, a plurality of side plates 37 composed of a plurality of face plates 34 in which three single face plates 15 are connected in series via a bending line 33, and two single side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis on both sides thereof. A V-shaped cut portion 51 is formed at the end of the adjacent single side plate 13, and two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are formed at the end of the plurality of face plates 34.
【0038】
Further, the side plate 14 along the tunnel axis is pressed through a bending line 52, and a convex portion 20 and a concave portion 21 are formed on both side plates 14, respectively.
【0039】
By bending a flat steel plate punched into the above shape through each bending line 33,53,54, the single face plates 15 are bent so as to form a polygon, and each side plate 13,14. Is bent at a predetermined angle with respect to the face plate 15, and the joint edges of the side plates 13 and 14 are fixed by welding to form a liner 8 having a polygonal open sandwich structure having a plurality of face plates 34. At this time, when the two single side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis are bent at a predetermined angle, their end faces are smoothly joined to each other via the V-shaped cut portion 51, and the joined portion is smoothly welded 49. Can be fixed.
【0040】
FIG. 22 (A) is shown as another embodiment corresponding to claim 16. In the figure, the multi-faceted plate 34 of the polygonal liner 8 is bent so as to be on the empty side in the tunnel, contrary to the case of FIG. 21, and both ends of the multi-faceted plate 34 are provided with convex portions 20. Two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis having the concave portion 21 are integrally bent and formed. Further, the two side plates 37 perpendicular to the tunnel axis are cut by a steel plate as a separate member from the multi-face plate 34, and are integrally formed with a constant width along the polygonal shape of the multi-face plate 34, and at both ends. It is formed by providing a convex portion 55 and a concave portion 56.
【0041】
Then, the side surfaces of the two side plates 37 perpendicular to the tunnel axis are applied to both end faces of the polygonal multi-sided plate 34 having the two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis, and the contact portion is welded. By fixing, an open sand type polygonal liner in which the plurality of face plates 34 are located on the inner air side is formed.
【0042】
FIG. 22 (B) is a modification of FIG. 22 (A), and this polygonal liner 8 differs from the polygonal liner 8 of FIG. 22 (A) in the configuration of the two side plates 13 along the tunnel axis. That is, in the polygonal liner 8 of FIG. 22 (B), by cutting one steel plate into a predetermined shape, a plurality of face plates 34 located on the inner air side and two single side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis are formed. And, two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are formed. In this case, the cut-off portion 57 of the two single-sided plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis whose ends are cut opens in a V shape when the multi-faceted plate 34 refracts and forms a polygon with the intermediate portion convex. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 22 (B), a connecting plate 58 having a predetermined shape is applied to the inside of the cut-off portion 57, and both sides thereof are welded and fixed to the inside of the single side plate 13. As a result, the V-shaped gap is closed, and when the filled concrete in the steel shell is poured, the concrete does not flow out from the V-shaped gap, and each single side plate 13 is also connected and reinforced.
【0043】
Each of the liners 8 shown in FIGS. 23, 24, 25, and 26 is a polygonal liner 8 formed so that the plurality of face plates 34 are on the tunnel ground side, and one steel plate is formed into a predetermined shape. An example of cutting and bending through each bending line to integrally mold is shown. Further, the difference between the liner 8 of FIGS. 23 and 24 and the liner 8 of FIGS. 25 and 27 is that in the latter polygonal liner 8, the face plate 15 is formed on the two single side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis. The bent portion 26 is bent inward of the required length steel shell 12 along the surface of the filled concrete 16 on the side without the liner and at the position of the liner thickness, and extends parallel to the concrete surface. The strength of the steel shell 12 is improved by the bent portion 26, and the filled concrete 16 and the steel shell 12 are firmly integrated, whereas in FIGS. 23 and 24, the bent portion is formed. 26 is not provided.
【0044】
The polygonal liners 8 and 8 shown in FIGS. 23 and 25 are formed by cutting one steel plate into the shapes shown in FIGS. 24 and 26, respectively, and then cold-pressing at the bending line 52 along the tunnel axis. A convex portion 20 and a concave portion 21 are formed on the two side plates 14, and (in FIG. 26, the convex portion 40 is formed on the two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis via a bending line 60. The concave portion 41 is formed, and then the single face plate 15 and the two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are bent via the bending lines 33, 53, 54 (Fig. In 26, a bent portion 26 is formed via a bent line 59), and the abutting end portions of each single side plate 13 are fixed by welding to form the steel shell 12 of each figure (B). To do. After that, a partition plate 43 having a reinforcing bar insertion hole 44 is provided at a corner to which the single face plate 15 is connected, and the reinforcing bar insertion hole 44 is arranged through the circumferential main bar 45, and the filled concrete 16 is placed in the steel shell 12. It is cast to form a polygonal liner 8 with an open sandwich synthetic structure.
【0045】
27 and 28 show a modified example of the steel shell 12 shown in FIG. 1, and each FIG. 27 is structurally the same as the steel shell 12 shown in FIG. 10, but is different from the steel plate member used for this. The manufacturing method is different. In FIG. 27, for example, using two channel steels with lips, the liner component 61 is arranged perpendicular to the tunnel axis and at intervals parallel to each other, and is intermediate between each web, that is, between the face plate portions 62. By connecting with the connecting face plate 63 by welding 49, it has two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis having a bent portion 26 at the tip and a reinforcing frame 65 having a bent portion 26 at the tip near the middle. The steel shell 12 is composed.
【0046】
In the liner 8 of FIG. 28, the liner constituent members 64 are arranged perpendicular to the tunnel axis and at intervals parallel to each other by using three lip entangled channel steels in which the lip portion is wound. By connecting the webs, that is, the face plates 62 with two intermediate connecting face plates 63 by welding 49, the side plates 13 on the two surfaces perpendicular to the tunnel axis having the inwardly wound portion 27 at the tip and the side plates 13 closer to the middle. A steel shell 12 having a plurality of reinforcing frames 65 having a entangled portion 27 at the tip thereof, and having good concrete filling property and improved strength is configured.
【0047】
FIG. 29 shows an embodiment corresponding to claim 13, wherein the liner 8 shown in the figure has two rows of side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and a face plate 15 on either the ground side or the inner air side. However, it is necessary to use one steel plate with single-sided ridge 66 in a direction in which the ridge 66 protrudes inward of the steel shell 12 and serves as a slip stopper in the tunnel circumferential direction (direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis). It is cut into a shape, and the side 47 of the boundary between the two rows of side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the face plate 15 is cold-bent and integrally formed, and the two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis are welded to both end faces. The liner 8 having an open sandwich structure is formed by being fixed with.
【0048】
FIG. 30 is a diagram showing a manufacturing process of the liner 8 shown in FIG. 21. The liner 8 shown in the figure has two side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis, two side plates 14 along the tunnel axis, and one face plate 15 on either the ground side or the inner air side. After cutting into a required shape using a steel plate, each side 47 is bent at a required angle R by a cold molding method from the cut plate to be integrally formed, and further, between the side plates 13 and 14 described above. The connecting ends are fixed by welding to form a steel shell.
【0049】
FIG. 31 is an embodiment corresponding to claim 18. In the example of FIG. (A), in the production of the steel shell 12, the bending portion shape 67 having a required angle θ at a position corresponding to one side between the cut plates of the steel plate and the adjacent face plates 15 is provided. A male die 69 for pressing and a female die 70 for pressing corresponding to the side plate 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the bending angle bending portion shape 68 at the positions corresponding to the two sides parallel to the face plate 15 are used. The method of repeating the cold press integral molding process of forming the face plate 15 and the side plate 13 of the liner 8 by the cold molding method by bending and forming the bent portions of each side at the same time is shown. ing. Further, in the example of FIG. 31 (B), the male press die 69 has a large number of concave dies 71 on the pressing surface 72, and the female press die 70 corresponds to the pressing surface 72 on the receiving surface 73. It has a large number of convex molds 74, and the concave mold 71 and the convex mold 74 are integrally provided with a large number of inwardly facing convex portions 42 on the face plate 15.
【0050】
FIG. 32 shows an embodiment corresponding to claim 19 showing a cold roll forming process constituting a liner 8 having a large number of inwardly convex protrusions 42 on a face plate 15. That is, in this example, one long steel plate is passed through a large number of cold rolls (not shown) to form a face plate 15, two rows of side plates 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis, and a convex portion 40 provided therein. The steel shell is formed by forming the concave portion 41 and passing the face plate 15 between the pair of rolls 77 and 78 on which the convex mold 75 and the concave mold 76 are formed, respectively, at the final roll forming step of the cold roll forming process. An example is shown in which the convex portion 42 protruding inward is integrally molded by a cold roll molding method.
【0051】
In each embodiment of the present invention, an example is shown in which a single liner 8 and a polygonal liner 8 are implemented mainly on a circular or horseshoe-shaped tunnel wall. However, as described above, the present invention can also be applied to a liner used for a tunnel wall having a rectangular cross section shown in FIG. In that case, as shown in the figure, in the straight portion of the rectangular tunnel wall 7, the liner 8 composed of the face plate, the side plate perpendicular to the tunnel axis, and the side plate along the tunnel axis is linearly arranged, and in the corner portion, the liner 8 is arranged in a straight line. A multi-sided plate in which two single-sided plates are connected at a right-angled bend, a multi-side plate in which two rows of single-side plates perpendicular to the tunnel axis are connected at a right-angled bend, and two side plates along the tunnel axis. It is composed of a corner part right angle liner 8 composed of and. Further, the present invention includes a case where the concrete 10 is filled in the steel shell 12 and a case where the concrete 10 is not filled.
【0052】
The operation of each embodiment according to the present invention will be described. (1) As shown in each figure, since the liner 8 is configured to have a polygonal shape for arrangement and installation, the steel shell 12 of the liner 8 constituting the lining is formed in the direction of the face plate 15 and the tunnel axis. The side plate 14 along the line and the side plate 13 perpendicular to the tunnel axis can be manufactured at low cost by cutting, welding, caulking, bonding, or the like, or by bending the plate only. Then, as a result of skeleton analysis as a ring, if the number of sides of the polygon is approximately icosagon, both ends fixed or the straight line of the hinge that receives the out-of-plane evenly distributed load generated in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis of each chord element. It was found that the secondary cross-sectional force of the bending moment and shearing force as a beam was suppressed to an increase of 10% to 30% in the case of a circular shape. Therefore, the increase in the cross section of the member is relatively small, and the total manufacturing cost can be reduced by reducing the processing cost. (2) As shown in FIG. 4, when the steel shell 12 is used as a formwork, it has a flat plate shape, so that it is easy to place concrete. (3) Further, the joint in the liner 8 may be bolted through a normal bolt box or joint hardware. In the case of a normal mountain tunnel, tensile strength is not required for the inter-ring joint, so the inter-ring joint may be a fitting joint between a male pin and a female hole. In this case, labor saving and efficiency of assembly work can be achieved. In the case of a circular tunnel such as a mountain tunnel or a shield tunnel with good ground, the axial compressive force is predominant in the circumferential direction and the bending moment is small, so the joint between pieces is almost always in the compressed state in all cross sections and peaks. The tunneling joint may be fitted with irregularities only for shear transmission in the radial direction. In this case, not only labor saving and efficiency improvement of the assembly work but also molding can be performed only by bending the steel plate, resulting in low cost. (4) Furthermore, the structure of the liner body is an open sandwich structure in which the steel face plate 14 is an axial force member and the steel circumferential steel plate is a shear reinforced steel plate, or a box consisting of two steel plate face plates 14. It has a sandwich structure and has structural characteristics with a large cross-sectional coefficient. Therefore, it is possible to withstand the secondary cross-sectional force described in (1) applied to the circumferential cross-sectional force, which is a characteristic of polygonal lining, with an economical cross-section. Further, as shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, when the liner 8 has an open sandwich structure, the main reinforcement in the circumferential direction and the force distribution reinforcement in the tunnel axial direction are arranged on the concrete release surface side. When the circumferential axial compressive force is predominant with respect to the circumferential bending moment, the face plate 15 and the filling concrete 16 naturally adhere to each other to maintain almost integrity, and the tunnel axial side plate 14 is discretely prevented from slipping. No special anti-slip is required, but if the circumferential bending moment is relatively large, use a steel plate with protrusions on the face plate 15, or studs with heads, sharkies, etc., as shown in Fig. 6. Take the usual anti-slip measures. These also help prevent peeling between the face plate 15 and the concrete 16. When the shearing force is relatively large, a stirrup using stud reinforcing bars, or a shear reinforcing bar or a shear reinforcing steel plate such as a tie bar, a tie plate, or a web steel plate is provided. (5) As shown in FIGS. 7 and 8, when the liner 8 has an open sandwich structure, the reinforcing bar is replaced by providing the bent portion 26 on the concrete surface side, or the steel shell 12 is combined with the reinforcing bar. The adhesion with the concrete 16 is improved, and the function of the circumferential side plate 14 as a shear reinforcing steel plate is improved. Further, as shown in FIG. 9, by folding the concrete 16 compactly as the winding portion 27, the castability of the concrete 16 is improved, and at the same time, in the case of a bolt joint, the installation of the bolt box and the tightening of the bolts become easy. (6) As shown in FIG. 10, by using the side plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis as a web steel plate, a steel structure liner having upper and lower flanges and having high bending performance can be obtained. The tunnel axial length of the liner 8 is restricted by the limitation of the effective width of the face plate 15 and the strength of the face plate 15 against soil water pressure, but the steel shells shown in FIGS. 10 (B) to 10 (D) solve the problem. And the cross-sectional performance is also improved. Therefore, it easily resists the secondary cross-sectional force applied to the circumferential cross-sectional force, which is a characteristic of polygonal lining, and at the same time, in the case of bolt joints, it is easy to install the bolt box and tighten the bolts. Become. (7) The structure of the polygonal liner 8 shown in Fig. 11 realizes labor saving and efficiency improvement in liner assembly work at the site. In addition, structural reliability is improved by reducing the number of joints between pieces (circumferential direction). Further, the staggered arrangement is possible, and the decrease in the strength and rigidity of the joint between pieces can be reinforced by the splicing effect of the adjacent ring. When the polygonal liner 8 is integrally manufactured, the number of welded parts and steel materials is reduced, the economy is improved, and in the case of a shield tunnel, the water stoppage reliability is also improved. (8) Since each surface of the liner 8 is flat in the polygonal structure shown in FIG. 12, the side plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis can be easily bent (that is, concave portion 41 and convex portion 40). The shape is now possible. In addition, the radial shear strength between rings is improved. (9) Due to the liner structure of FIG. 13 (D) (which is a combination of FIGS. 7 and 12), the manufacturing cost is low. (10) In the liner 8 of FIGS. 14 and 15, concrete 16 is cast using a curved formwork, which can be applied to the expansion method of a mountain tunnel. In addition, the tail seal of the shield tunnel becomes possible, and it can be applied to the shield method. Furthermore, the circumferential axis compression force becomes smooth, and the additional bending moment and shear force due to the polygonal shape are alleviated. (11) In the liner 8 of FIG. 16, since the steel plate 12 has a polygonal structure and becomes a flat plate, the protrusions (convex portions 42) can be easily processed in the cold forming process. That is, it is a low-cost slip prevention structure. In (12) (liner 8 in FIG. 17), the reinforcing steel plate (that is, the partition plate 43) is welded to the face plate 15 and the main girder (that is, the side plate 13 and the bent portion 26) at the corners of the polygon, and the steel face plate. Out-of-plane deformation at the 15 bends is suppressed. In addition, the resistance mechanism against earth pressure of the face plate 15 is reinforced. (13) In the liner 8 of FIG. 18, the reinforcing steel plate (that is, the partition plate 43) is welded to the face plate 15 and the main girder (that is, the side plate 13) at the corners of the polygon, and the reinforcing bar (main bar 45) penetrates the effective portion thereof. It is installed so that it suppresses out-of-plane deformation of the reinforcing bars and the steel face plate 15. It also serves as a slip stopper. Furthermore, these functions are realized at low cost. (14) Since each liner 8 shown in FIGS. 19 to 26 has a flat surface on each surface of the steel shell 12, it can be easily bent in the cold and integrally molded. As a result, the number of welded parts and steel materials is reduced, the economy is improved, and in the case of a shield tunnel, the water stop reliability is also improved. By reducing the number of welded parts, it becomes possible to suppress welding strain and improve the machining accuracy of the steel shell 12. In the liner 8 of FIG. 22 (B), when the face plate 15 is on the inner air side and the side plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis and the face plate 15 are integrally bent, the end faces of the side plates to be connected are separated from each other. Therefore, this point is solved by connecting by welding a connecting steel plate (connecting plate 58) or the like. (15) In the liner 8 shown in FIGS. 27 and 28, a plurality of units having the same shape and dimensions, which are integrally formed by simply bending the steel plate, are welded via a connecting steel plate (that is, a connecting face plate 63) which is a face plate. Since a steel tunnel liner with the required dimensions can be manufactured simply by welding with or the like, the manufacturing cost is low. In addition, the number of welded parts is reduced, and the cost can be reduced in this respect as well. (16) In the liner 8 of FIG. 29, since each surface of the steel shell 12 is composed of a flat surface, it is possible to perform cold bending using a steel plate with a single-sided protrusion, and a single-sided ridge 66 is attached. It has become possible to integrally mold the face plate 15 and the side plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the tunnel axis. As a result, not only the face plate 15 but also the side plate 13 has protrusions, so that the unity with the filled concrete is improved, and at the same time, the number of welded parts is reduced, the economy is improved, and the manufacturing accuracy is improved. (17) In the liner 8 of Fig. 30, the steel shell shape can be formed by cutting according to the developed view using a hot coil of the required width and bending it cold like origami, so welding is minimized. It can be suppressed to, and the manufacturing cost becomes low. In addition, the manufacturing accuracy is improved. (18) According to the liner manufacturing method of FIG. 31 (A), it is sufficient to manufacture a die in which only the bent portion of each side of the liner is used as a press surface, and the die cost is relatively low and the manufacturing is easy. Further, by manufacturing a compact mold using one string element as a unit and sequentially pressing each string element, a tunnel liner steel shell composed of a plurality of string elements can be manufactured at low cost. Further, in the case of FIG. 31 (B), the final steel shell shape can be formed at the same time by using a mold having a bent portion on each side and a face plate portion having the required unevenness. It can be molded at the same manufacturing cost. (19) In the liner manufacturing method shown in FIG. 32, the face plate 15 and the side plate 13 in the direction perpendicular to the axis can be continuously cold-formed by a multi-stage roll using a hot coil having a required width. Even when it is shaped, it can be easily continuously molded, and the manufacturing cost is low. Especially in the case of mass production, the cost reduction becomes remarkable. In the case of claim 15, if a required uneven shape is attached to the final roll, it is possible to form a slip-preventing protrusion shape of the face plate with almost no cost increase.
【0053】
[Effect of the invention]
According to the structure of the tunnel liner of the present invention and the manufacturing method thereof, the structural strength such as the bending performance of the liner is improved, and further, the manufacturing cost and the assembly cost are reduced, the assembly work is accelerated, the quality control and the dimensional accuracy are ensured. Can be facilitated.
[Simple explanation of drawings]
[Figure 1]
Sectional drawing which carried out the liner of this invention on a circular tunnel pit wall.
[Figure 2]
Sectional drawing which carried out the liner of this invention on a horseshoe-shaped tunnel pit wall.
[Fig. 3]
Sectional drawing which carried out the liner of this invention on a rectangular tunnel pit wall.
[Fig. 4]
A breaking perspective view of a liner having an open sandwich structure according to an embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 5]
A broken perspective view of a liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 6]
(A), (B), (C), (D) are cross-sectional views of the synthetic structure liner of different embodiments of the present invention.
[Fig. 7]
A broken perspective view of a liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 8]
Sectional view of FIG.
[Fig. 9]
Sectional drawing which concerns on the other modification of FIG.
[Fig. 10]
(A), (B), (C), and (D) are cross-sectional views of steel shells of different embodiments of the present invention.
[Fig. 11]
A breaking perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 12]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 13]
(A) is a cross-sectional view of FIG. 12, and (B), (C), and (D) are cross-sectional views shown as a modification of FIG. (A).
[Fig. 14]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment.
[Fig. 15]
A perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure shown as a modification of FIG.
[Fig. 16]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 17]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 18]
FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 19]
The exploded perspective view which shows as the manufacturing process of the steel shell shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 20]
(A) and (B) are an exploded perspective view and a developed view of a steel shell manufacturing process shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 21]
(A) and (B) are an exploded perspective view and a developed view of a steel shell manufacturing process shown as another embodiment.
[Fig. 22]
(A) and (B) are an exploded perspective view and a developed view of a steel shell shown as the other two embodiments.
[Fig. 23]
(A) and (B) are a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view of the steel shell thereof.
[Fig. 24]
A development view of the steel shell in FIG. 23 (B).
[Fig. 25]
(A) and (B) are a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view of the steel shell thereof.
[Fig. 26]
The development view of the steel shell of FIG. 25 (B).
[Fig. 27]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a steel shell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 28]
FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view of a steel shell according to still another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 29]
An exploded perspective view of a steel shell according to another embodiment of the present invention.
[Fig. 30]
(A) and (B) are a perspective view of a polygonal liner having an open sandwich structure according to another embodiment of the present invention, and a perspective view of the steel shell thereof.
[Fig. 31]
(A) and (B) are perspective views of two examples of cold press molding dies used in the present invention.
[Fig. 32]
(A) and (B) are a perspective view of a steel shell in the process of being manufactured and a perspective view of a roller with a protrusion used for this.
[Fig. 33]
(A) is a perspective view of a conventional tunnel liner, and (B) is an exploded perspective view of the steel shell.
[Explanation of symbols]
1 Synthetic liner 2 side plate 3 face plate 4 Fitting plate 5 volt box 6 concrete 7 Tunnel wall 8 liner 10 Ground 11 Backing material 12 steel shell 13 side plate 14 side plate 15 face plate 16 concrete 17 connecting shaft 18 Fitting hole 19 bolt box 20 Convex part 21 Concave part 22 Rebar 23 Reinforcing bar 24 connecting plate 25 Gibel muscle 26 Bent part 27 Entrainment part 28 Standing part 29 Reinforcement frame 30 Reinforcement frame 31 Reinforcement frame 33 Bending line 34 Multi-faceted plate 35 concrete surface 36 Bending line 37 Multiple side plates 38 Convex 39 dent 40 Convex part 41 Concave part 42 convex part 43 divider 44 Reinforcing bar insertion hole 45 Main line 46 Multiple bends 47 sides 48 Bending line 49 Welding 50 steel frame 51 V-shaped cut part 52 Bending line 53 Bending line 54 Bending line 55 recess 56 Convex 57 Separation 58 Connecting board 59 Bending line 60 Bending line 61 Liner components 62 Face plate 63 Connecting face plate 64 Liner components 65 Reinforcement frame 66 Single-sided protrusion 67 Refractive part shape 68 Folded part shape 69 Male mold for press 70 Female mold for press 71 concave 72 Pressing surface 73 Receiving surface 74 Convex 75 convex 76 concave 77 rolls 78 rolls 79 Bending part 80 Engagement part
10 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10
Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| US8920074B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Search report |
| WO2019149604A1 | Cited by | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | International search |
| CN111894630A | Cited by | China | Search report |
| US2010284748A1 | Cited by | United States of America | Pre-grant |
| US11492019B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
| JP2009293223A | Cited by | Japan | Examiner |
| CN116291607A | Cited by | China | Search report |
| CN111699300A | Cited by | China | Search report |
1 member in 1 office
Priority claims2
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 2000312216 | Japan | A | |
| JP20000312216 | – | – | – |
Members1
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2002122000AThis record | Japan | A |
1 legal event, as the office reported them to INPADOC
Events
| Event | Code | |
|---|---|---|
| Application deemed to be withdrawn because no request for examination was validly filedWithdrawnJAPANESE INTERMEDIATE CODE: A300A300 | A300 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2002-122000
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2002122000
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP2002122000
- Application
- 312216
- Application, DOCDB
- 2000312216
- Application, EPODOC
- JP20000312216
Titles2
- Japanese
- 【発明の名称】トンネルライナーの構造とその製作方法
- English
- [Title of Invention] Structure of Tunnel Liner and Method for Manufacturing The Structure
Classification
- IPC, 2
- E21D11 14
- B21D47 00