Illuminator assembly incorporating light emitting diodes

Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]

Illuminator assembly with built-in light emitting diode The present invention relates to an illuminator (illuminator) assembly incorporating a light emitting diode. Vehicle, portable and other features, especially with light emitting diodes with complementary hues Regarding sex white light lighting systems. Background of the invention Due to restrictions on human vision in low-level light environments, night or dark conditions Produces artificial lighting in a state or in an indoor compartment where direct sunlight is blocked White light illuminator systems have long been used to reinforce vision. Therefore, The illuminator should generally be bright enough to see the illuminated object of interest. Possible to have sufficient visual characteristics that can be easily identified, such as color and contrast It is designed to mimic or reproduce the daytime emission conditions as much as possible. Stationary lights in buildings, portable flashlights, and vehicle headlamps and curtsy Various lighting systems, such as lights (automatic lighting for vehicles, etc.), are all about history. Evolved over time, candles and oils, kerosene and gas burners, incandescent lamps and For a wide range of light sources such as halogen bulbs, fluorescent lamps and other arc discharge lamps Traditionally made white light for general purpose lighting, spot lighting or floodlighting I came. White light is unique in that it makes colored or printed images mutually appropriate. Ability and brightness and color between adjacent articles or printed images with different colors Due to its similar unique ability to maintain contrast in such applications Is important. For example, when a photo containing an image is illuminated by white light , The blue map of the panoramic of the sea is from the black map of the volcanic rocks, an observer without any help Easily identified by. But if it is illuminated by a deep red illuminator, The two images of are virtually indistinguishable from each other. Another example is an aerial map Or it arises from the need to properly identify areas of different colors in automotive maps. Self On the map for motor vehicles, white light illuminators have yellow markings and laps for urban areas. Allows easy identification of differences between the white countryside areas of the enclosure. Dark yellow lighting vessel Makes this identification virtually impossible. In the aerial map, the white light illuminator Between the blue markings for some controlled airspaces and the green pattern of the terrain below It makes it possible to distinguish between the two, but the dark red illuminator effectively distinguishes this. Make it impossible. In addition, these color identification and contrast issues are merely accurate identification. It exceeds the need for things. For example, if the subject of study is a book, magazine, newspaper or map Regardless, the operator's eyes are severely tired and uncomfortable during long hours of visual work. It is a well-known fact that high contrast is important to avoid. White Colored illuminators offer a wider range of high contrast and good color discrimination, thereby Avoid the above annoying and dangerous psychological side effects. The widespread evolution and widespread use of white light illuminators is a fast-moving technology and With a phenomenon known as color constancy It has encouraged the acceptance of unsaturated colors as a wide range of "white". Color constancy is ah Slightly unsaturated or approximate white illumination levels and colors over a range of areas set to each other Can vary slightly without substantially changing the perceived color of the object in Refers to the well-known fact. An example of this is slightly amber or green. It is an outdoor scene that can be seen by an observer wearing colored sunglasses. Sunglasses After a short period of time, the observer sees the scene pass through a slightly colored filter. I don't know. Another example is the widespread lighting of homes, shops and public facilities. It is accepting the "white" illuminator as it is. Blueness from various fluorescent lights Incandescent yellow, although tinged or cold white is practically common in office buildings Colored or warm white is the mainstream for residential lighting. Mercury vapor lamp and halo The bright bluish white of metallized metal lamps is common in factory assembly lines, , High-pressure sodium lamp emission is the mainstream of highway floodlighting in rural areas .. The distinguishable shades of each of these light sources will be apparent when compared side-by-side. Nonetheless, these light sources have a relative color vision in the object they illuminate. Generally as a white illuminator, as it is close to unsaturated white, which retains sufficient and substantially constant constancy. It has been accepted. In other words, these light sources are bright under natural lighting conditions. Show the object to be relatively faithful to the bright "true" colors. The suitability of human color vision is limited, but is a very colorful illuminator used? Or with a strongly colored filter with white illumination observed in certain settings If changed, color constancy is not valid. A good example of such lighting is the new dark color. It can be experienced by staring at a pair of regular sunglasses. These glasses If is red, for example, in normal room lighting, removing the glasses will red on white paper Even if you can see the ink line very clearly, it is almost impossible to distinguish it. It will be possible. Another lighting of such action is used for the purpose of outdoor lighting in the countryside It is a low-pressure sodium lamp that is used. This type of lamp is an object or print image Highly saturated yellow that makes it very difficult, if not impossible, to detect and identify It emits light, and as a result, its commercial use has been very limited. I will describe below Uses strong red or amber light emitting diodes (LEDs) as illuminators Prior art attempts, these are not as suitable for depiction of quality as low pressure sodium lamps. Since it emits light in a narrow band, it causes the same problem. Incorporated light source, including assembly, to improve the effectiveness of the white light lighting system Various support structures are typically employed to supply energy or fuel. To. In addition, these systems typically directly direct and project the light they produce. Incorporates various optical elements that enhance, expose, or scatter. Of recent vehicles The headlamp assembly can be from, for example, an incandescent lamp, a halogen or an arc discharge light source. Enclosed electrical connector, double that works together to collimate and disperse the white light of It generally includes a crude injection molded lens and a molded metal-coated reflector. car Backlit illuminators for instrument panels in both or control rooms are typically elaborate light panels. Includes ips ie guides, light scatterers and light extractors. Of course, the traditional white light source that directly produces light by burning fuel has a cheap open flame. Most vehicles, boats, aircraft, and portables, not all or unfavorable Rui is no longer suitable for other uses. Therefore, these light sources are electrically excited. It has been almost completely replaced by a white light source. Furthermore, many modern electricity Target light sources such as incandescent and gas discharge lamps are relatively inefficient and therefore limited. Only available power, only low voltage, or high voltage is desired for safety reasons For vehicles, portable and other unique luminaires used when not good Not optimal. However, since there is no practical alternative, these land vehicles Illuminators for both, boats, aircraft and other areas mentioned above are most often Low, to help operators, passengers or other observers in low level light conditions I have been using a white light illuminator for voltage incandescent lamps. For passenger cars, trucks, vans, etc. In addition, white light illuminators are dome lights, map lights, makeup mirror lights, and inside the car. Lights, headlamps, backup lights, and trunk, engine room And used as a luminaire for number plates. In such a vehicle White light illuminators are instrument centralized panels, door panels, or heaters and ventilation systems. For print indicators on backlit translucent screens such as those found on your panel Also used. Similar uses for white light illuminators are motorcycles, bicycles, electric autos Found in cars and other land vehicles. In aircraft, white light illuminators , In the guest room, illuminate the floor and exit in case of getting on and off and in an emergency, Illuminate each part of the circuit breaker panel and control panel with backlight or edge Used as an indicator lamp for light illumination. Water boats such as ships, boats and submarines In boats, white light illuminators are used in bridges, decks, cabins and engine spaces. Used for lighting. Low voltage for portable and special lighting applications White light illuminator as a handheld, battery-powered flashlight for maintenance or mining Automatic for commercial buildings as a commercial helmet mount or head mount As an emergency lighting that works in a volatile environment, and as an emergency In a wide range of other situations where reliability, low voltage, efficiency and compactness are important It is used as a lighting device. These white light illuminators mentioned above rely mostly exclusively on incandescent lamps as a light source. Yes, but this is even more important because incandescent bulbs are cheap to make in a wide range of forms. This is because it produces a large amount of white light. Nevertheless, incandescent Lights have many disadvantages that must be considered when designing a luminaire assembly. .. Incandescent lamps are fragile and have a short life even in a stable environment, resulting in a large size. It must be replaced frequently due to inconvenience, danger and / or expense. Of this exchange The need is a complex design for all illuminator forms, especially for vehicles. example For example, U.S. Pat. No. 4,087,096, such as Skogler, covers a portion of the interior of the vehicle. It discloses a carrier module for a support light for lighting. This carrier module The solid body and carrier module are removable and attachable to the rear mirror. It has a pair of mounting protrusions for the purpose. This design also makes the module a rearview mirror It has an opening specifically designed to allow the insertion of tools for removal. Take The carrier module allows the incandescent lamp to be easily removed and replaced by the vehicle owner. Is an excellent example of the great design efforts made by mirror manufacturers to ensure that To. In addition to its inherently short life, incandescent lamps are extremely vulnerable to mechanical shock and vibration. I. Automobiles can cause damage to incandescent lamps, especially the filaments that produce their luminescence. Receives terrible shocks and large vibrations during rolling. This is a periodic terrible impact when everything is closed Engine hoods, trunk lids, cabin doors, external mirrors, and more And for lamps mounted on or near the rear hatch or gate This is a particularly severe problem. Aircraft and portable luminaires encounter similar environments and therefore , Another white light source, the time and cost associated with changing lamps at regular intervals It is very advantageous to reduce the amount of money. Incandescent lamps are also thermal / mechanical associated with contact between hot glass bulb walls and fluids at room temperature. It can be easily destroyed by being exposed to moisture due to physical stress. Incandescent lamps also fly It is easily destroyed by stones. Because of this, it burns out or is otherwise permanent Impact and vibrate the light bulb while allowing the incandescent lamp fixture to be removed when it is damaged. Outside the incandescent lamp without taking the ultimate measures to protect it from moisture and foreign matter It is very difficult to incorporate it into the mirror of the part. Incandescent lamps are also inherently difficult to incorporate into vehicles such as automobiles It exhibits electrical properties. For example, when an incandescent light source is first excited by a voltage source, An initial current surge flows through the illusion. Typical of normal operating current is 12 This inrush current, which is 20 times larger, limits the life of the lamp, which is more frequent. Expand the need for illuminator structures that allow for conversion. Inrush current also includes this current Extraordinary considerations are required when designing assisted electrical circuits. Fuse, relay , Mechanical switches, or electrical switches, wiring harnesses, and lamps The air-connected connector must be able to carry this ultimate transition repeatedly. Ba It doesn't become. In addition, the voltage / current (VI) characteristics of incandescent lamps are light output and voltage, current or electricity. Unusual and non-linear, as in each relationship with force. Luminosity of incandescent lamp, Color temperature and service life exponentially fluctuate as a function of applied current or voltage To do. This sensitivity to power fluctuations makes electronic control of incandescent lamps particularly difficult. Make a problem. These are DC power, pulse width modulated DC power, any kind of simple On / off switching, or continuous to any overvoltage condition, no matter how small When exposed to, it is even more susceptible to significant loss of reliability and practical service life. White Thermal lamps also have an inductive resonant voltage transition when combined with a relatively high current load. Therefore, a large inductance that greatly complicates electronic switching and control. Have. Typical square wave DC power for 0.5 amps, 12.8 volt incandescent lamps Ruth modulation circuits are, for example, switching times, intervening lamps, and circuit rest. As high as 30 volts, depending on the inductance, capacitance and resistance of Short transitions can occur. Incandescent lamps also escape low efficiency in converting power into radiated visible white light. I. Although less than 7% of the energy consumed by incandescent lamps is typically emitted as visible light Most of the electrical energy consumed by incandescent lamps is wasted in the form of thermal energy. this That is, for vehicles, aerospace, and ships where the amount of power available to the lighting system is limited. Severe negative results for marine and portable luminaire applications. For these On the way, electricity comes from ship and aircraft generators and automobile synchronous generators. Periodically recharged by solar cells for remote or aerospace applications, Or AC / DC such as a flashlight that can be replaced or recharged by other means Provided by a battery that is recharged with a dapter. Recover battery charge Because these mechanisms are inherently bulky, heavy, and / or expensive It is very inconvenient for illuminators to have low power conversion efficiency when generating visible light. Is. A prominent example of what is important in illuminator efficiency is the electric vehicle. Motorized Bicycles, morphets, motorcycles, cars, golf carts, or even passengers Or in freight transport carts, electric headlamps, backup lamps, etc. The white light illuminator in the form of is a very large part of the vehicle's limited power usage frame. Minutes Consume, and therefore these illuminators benefit most from the highly efficient white light illuminators Kake. If a more efficient white light source was available, urge the illuminator Would have required much less power and more power than other systems Power will be available. Alternatively, the power savings with improved luminaires With improved power supply and energy storage or energy exchange mechanism There will be. Another low-efficiency outcome associated with incandescent lamps is compared to other power sources. It produces a large amount of heat for an equal amount of generated light. This is typically 25 Very high bulb wall temperature above 0 ° C and illuminator support, housing, optics Is radiating, convection, to prevent damage or destruction to other nearby vehicle elements The result is a large heat buildup that must be properly dissipated by conduction. .. The characteristic of high heat applied by a normal white light source in an illuminator is that it collimates and directs light. Special for the design and materials of the dedicated reflectors and lenses used to make Has a significant effect on. Design efforts to diffuse heat while preserving optical efficiency Is essentially sensitive to weight and space requirements for vehicles, ships, aircraft and portable Of the space and weight for the luminaire assembly, which is very detrimental to the capable application Add more requirements. Portable illuminators such as hand-held flashlights and head-mounted lamps are white Encountered similar problems arising from the white light source of the hot lamp and the same benefits from the improved system You will benefit. Various gas discharges, electroluminescence, photoluminescence, cathode Incandescent lamps and incandescent lamps, including minescence, chemical luminescence and thermoluminescence Physical mechanisms that produce white rays other than pyroluminescence are available. this The output of a light source using these phenomena can be adjusted to meet the requirements of a particular system. However, these light sources have low luminosity, low efficiency, high voltage requirements, and limited environments. Flexibility, heavy weight, complexity, high cost, low reliability, or short lifespan Used in vehicle, marine, aircraft or portable luminaires because of life The use has been limited. More recently, it illuminates photoelectric light emitting semiconductor devices such as light emitting diodes (LEDs). There is great interest in using it as a light source for bright system. Incandescent lamp Because of its strong color display and relatively low emission output, the previous generation LED is for that purpose. Most of the way are display devices, such as on / off and matrix array indicators, And so on. These applications are still predominant in the LED market today, Recent advances in LED materials, design and manufacturing have been significant in LED luminous efficiency. Higher than incandescent lamps in their recent commercial form It exhibits good luminous efficiency. But even the newest LEDs have a highly saturated narrow band It emits light of various hues that are not clearly white in the range width. As mentioned earlier, that Light in one of the various specifications is essential for most luminaire systems .. Despite the unique color of the LEDs, these LEDs are for vehicles, ships and aviation. Many compared to other traditional low voltage light sources for machine and portable luminaires Offer potential benefits. LEDs are very resistant to shocks and are therefore mechanical Or it has significant advantages over incandescent and fluorescent lamps that can be extinguished by thermal shock. provide. LEDs typically fireflies for 1,000 to 2,000 hours in incandescent lamps Not 200,000 hours compared to 5,000 to 10,000 hours with light lights It has an operating life of 1,000,000 hours. Additional with an apparent color that is different from some constituent color Some have different apparent colors because they produce a color mixture) It is known that the narrow-band spectral emission of the saturated light source can be combined. There is. For example, a typical rainbow when refracted by a prism or discrete droplets of water Observation that white sunlight decomposes into its constituent spectrum as it occurs in In, the basic principle of additional colors is clear. Therefore, the visible white light of the sun is 3 Relation to radiation in the visible spectrum with wavelengths of 80 to 780 nanometers It can be regarded as an additive color mixture of all consecutive hues. An important and common example of additive color mixing is a cathode ray tube (CRT) or liquid crystal display. Most color display screen odors with ray (LCD) elements It is a technology used in. Each of these displays can be used alone or in pairs. Includes subpixels with hues of red, green and blue that can be excited together It consists of a pixel array that can be addressed. For CRT, each sub-pi Xel is excited via cathode luminescence by an engineered electron beam Can be inorganic phosphorus dots. For LCD, each subpixel , A combination of colored die dots that match the switchable LCD shutter. Acts as a reconfigurable filter for the backlight. Izu in these cases The result in this is a brightly colored red subpic to create a perceived yellow color. Can excite cells at the same time as adjacent bright greens that are in close proximity to red That is. Similar combinations of green and blue subpixels are recognized Will make a cyan color. Similar red and blue subpixels The combination will create a perceived magenta color. Red, green and blue Exciting all subpixels in one pixel at the same time means that each subpixel If the brightness of is properly distributed, it will produce a perceived white color. this The relative brightness ratio of each subpixel of different colors makes for a wide range of combinations All that can be actively manipulated and obtained within human vision, including white The result is a series of perceived colors that almost repeats all colors. Inconvenience In addition, displays of these types can exhibit appropriate surface brightness, but these are very Bulky, expensive and complex, with the right amount of lighting used as an effective luminaire It does not project at a certain distance. For example, the brightest and largest television Even the screen only projects dark light across a darkened room. this The lighting levels associated with such dark light are almost inadequate for reading newspapers, It is completely inadequate to identify the subject or color in a detailed photograph. However Such an RGB display that properly reproduces all the colors obtained within human color vision. The capabilities of the Ray system are metameristic (met), which are described in more detail below. It is an excellent example of an important phenomenon known as amerism). LEDs are available in different hues and produce different recognition colors, including recognition white. As you can see, the output of red, blue and green LEDs is also used for CRT in the proper ratio. It is known that they can be combined in a manner similar to that of. For example, U.S. Pat. No. 5,136 In No. 483, Karl-Heinz Schoniger et al. Emission with 12 LEDs arranged to form a lamp or signal lamp It discloses an optical device. Also, Schoniger etc. generate white light. To Also discloses that red, green and blue LEDs need to be used at the same time .. However, such a system is quite complicated, and Schoniger et al. Significance in the light output that an RGB system produces from one LED of the same type to another It does not mention that it is inherently vulnerable to unwanted fluctuations due to fluctuations. Such LED variation is the relative ratio of the actual color mix produced to the desired color mix. It causes error in the rate and makes the system most of the fruit in relation to the great complexity and cost. Disqualify for occasional use. As a result, the subject of interest is fully visible, yet bright enough in color and contra. It can produce white light with sufficient luminosity to irradiate the strike so that it can be easily identified. It is desirable to provide high reliability, low voltage, long life LED illuminators that are possible. I'm sorry. Purpose of the invention Therefore, the main object of the present invention is to project effective white illumination, which is possible when excited. Hues that are combined so that the visual emission complement each other and form a metameristic white illumination. Is to provide a luminaire assembly with multiple LEDs of two types with .. Another object of the present invention is to project effective white illumination and emit visible light when excited. Hues that are additively combined to complement each other and form illumination with a metameristic white color Used in power-limited applications, with multiple LEDs of two types It is to provide a highly efficient illuminator assembly. Yet another object of the present invention is to project effective white illumination and be visible when excited. So that the luminescence complements each other and the beams polymerize to form metameristic white illumination. Illuminator assembly with multiple LEDs of two types with additively mixed hues It is to provide a rearview mirror for automobiles with a built-in body. Yet another object of the present invention is by the photopic illuminance threshold. Central area and mesonic in the restricted surrounding area from the beginning Projects a valid phototopic white light in the light and adds light when excited. Additive binary complementaryar y color mixture or equivalent binary complementary color mixture (equivale) nt binary complementary color mixtur E) Illuminator assembly with multiple LEDs of two groups or types forming Is to provide. Yet another object of the present invention is an operable time to power the illuminator assembly of the present invention. To provide a way. Outline of the invention The above and other objectives that will become apparent as a whole from the specification including the drawings Place multiple light emitting diodes on the support to provide a lightweight and robust illuminator This is achieved by the present invention. In summary, according to the preferred embodiment of the invention, visible emission when excited. Have complementary hues, such as blue-green and amber, and overlap them The mixed beam forms a metameristic white illumination under the conditions that enable sufficient intensity and color quality. Supporting members in the housing with multiple LEDs of two types projected to form The illuminator assembly is provided by mounting on. A brief description of the drawing The subject matter considered to be the present invention is specifically pointed out and articulated in the conclusions herein. Will be billed. The present invention, along with its further objectives and advantages, is similar in number. Best by reference to the following description with respect to the accompanying drawings representing the components. Will be understood. FIG. 1 shows a cross section of an illuminator assembly according to the present invention incorporating a conventional discrete LED. Figure, FIG. 2 shows the invention according to the present invention in which a plurality of LEDs are incorporated in a chip-on-board form. Sectional view of the illuminator assembly, Figure 3 shows the relative spectrum, power vs. wavelength of the standard illuminants A, B and C. A graph plotting amber and blue-green LEDs on a rabbi, Figures 4A, 4B and 4C show the relative space for the amber and blue-green LEDs. Spect for Kuttle Power vs. Wavelength, 50% Neutral Gray Goal Reflectance vs. wavelength, and relative spectral power to the resulting reflected light -A series of graphs plotting each pair of wavelengths, Figure 5 shows photopic vision and scotopic vision. ic vision) as well as estimated mesopic vision) A graph plotting the relative sensitivity of a standard 2 degree observer vs. wavelength, Figure 6 shows the standard two-degree observer-to-wavelength color matching (colo) in photopic vision. r matching) Graph plotting the relative response of the function, Figure 7 shows the location of the Planckian Locus, achromatic. Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location for White Light, CIE Standard Light Sources A, B And C, as well as CIE 19 showing the trajectory of binary additive color mixing from blue and red LEDs 76 Uniform Chromaticity Scale (UCS) Diagram, Figure 8 shows the location of the complete radiator trajectory, the locations of standard illuminants A, B and C, and achromatic white. Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location for Colored Light, from Red, Green and Blue LEDs The trajectory of the ternary addition color mixture, and the variation of the red, green, and blue LEDs. CIE 1976 UCS diagram showing constant trajectory, Figure 9 shows the location of the complete radiator trajectory, standard illuminants A, B, C for achromatic white light. Location, Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location, and Revised Kelly Chi Approximate location of white border moved from Jart, as well as dark red and dark green LEDs CIE 1976 UCS diagram showing the trajectory of binary additive color mixing, Figure 10 shows the location of the complete radiator trajectory, the locations of standard illuminants A, B, and C, and achromatic white. Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location for Light, and Virtually Complete Radiant Trajectory Binar addition from coaxial amber 592 nm and blue-green 488 nm LEDs CIE 1976 UCS diagram showing the trajectory of color mixing, Figure 11 shows the location of the complete radiator trajectory, the locations of standard illuminants A, B, and C, achromatic white. Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location for Light, Moved from Revised Kelly Chart It is substantially coaxial with the approximate location of the white light boundary and the complete radiator locus. CIE 1 showing the trajectory of binary additive color mixing from amber and blue-green LEDs in the range 976 UCS diagram, Figure 12 shows the location of the complete radiator trajectory, the locations of standard illuminants A, B, and C, achromatic white. Revised SAE J578 Boundary Location for Light, and Virtually Complete Radiant Trajectory Binar addition from coaxial amber 584 nm and blue-green 483 nm LEDs CIE 1976 UCS diagram showing the trajectory of color mixing, Figure 13 shows the equivalent 584 nm amber, which is substantially coaxial with the complete radiator locus. And the equivalent 483nm CIE showing the trajectory of binary additive color mixing from a blue-green LED 1976 UCS diagram, FIG. 14A shows an in-vehicle rearview mirror for an automobile incorporating the illuminator assembly of the present invention. The perspective view, and FIGS. 14B and 14C, show Mira in the case of being inserted into the rear view mirror. -Cross section of the element, Figures 15A and 15B are from the map lights of the rearview mirror for automobiles. Specifications for the area defined by the irradiation of FIG. 16 shows an exemplary lighting pattern for an illuminator assembly according to the present invention. FIG. 17 shows the illuminator according to the invention held by an electric color mirror for the interior of an automobile. 3D perspective chart plotting the luminosity distribution from the map light, FIG. 18 shows the illuminator according to the invention held by an electric color mirror for the interior of an automobile. Equal luminosity chart, which plots the luminosity distribution from map lights, FIG. 19 shows the illumination according to the present invention held by an electric color mirror for the interior of an automobile. Iso-high illuminance char plotting the illumination pattern at the target from the vessel map light To, FIG. 20 shows the illuminator according to the invention held by a rear view mirror for the interior of an automobile. 50% Neutral Gray Target Surface Illumination Illuminated by Map Lights Plotted contour map, FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of an electronic circuit that can operate to feed the illuminator assembly of the present invention. ,and Figure 22 shows a plot of the specified maximum forward current vs. temperature for a typical LED. And experimentally determined for the LEDs of the invention operated by the circuit of FIG. Forward current vs. temperature plot, as well as microprocessor software control Design current for the LED of the present invention operated by the circuit of FIG. 21 that also incorporates It is a plot against temperature. Detailed explanation The present invention relates to improved luminaires, especially for vehicles, flashlights and special lighting. With respect to white light LED illuminators used in such limited power applications. Ride Things are cars, trucks, vans, buses, recreational vehicles (RVs), bicycles. , Motorcycles and morphets, motorized carts, electric vehicles, electric carts, electricity Bicycles, ships, boats, hovercraft, submarines, aircraft, helicopters, U Land vehicles and boats, including but not limited to air stations and space shuttles It means a manned spacecraft in boats and aircraft. A portable lamp is a camping run Attach to head or helmet like tongue, mining work, mountaineering, and cave exploration It means a lamp, a flashlight in your hand, and so on. Special lighting is power outages, inside buildings Emergency lighting, microscope stage lights, urged in fire or smoke filling, It means the front lighting of a building, the back lighting for signboards, and so on. The present invention is sufficiently clear that the object of interest is visible and easily identifiable. Produces white light with sufficient illuminance to illuminate to produce color and contrast Highly reliable for vehicles that can be tampered with, portable lighting, and special lighting Provides low voltage, long life LED illuminators. The LEDs of the present invention are highly anticipatory It exhibits possible electronic characteristics, DC power supply, pulse width modulation DC power supply and electronic control system. Well suited for use with stems. LEDs are mechanical for millions of cycles Clear reliability or practical life when the rui is electronically switched on / off It does not suffer a loss of life. Luminosity and illuminance from LEDs are subject to a wide range of conditions. Or very close to the linear response function with respect to the applied current and ratio of its strength control Make it relatively easy. Finally, AllnGaP, AIGaAs and GaN LEDs Recent generations produce less visible light incandescent lamps per lumen or candela Compact and lightweight illuminator wiring harness that requires less power and is more cost effective , Fuse, connector, battery, generator, synchronous generator, switch, electronic control device The result is a stationary and optical system. Obviously does not deviate from the teachings of the text, Therefore, the present invention has uses other than the above-mentioned specific uses included in the scope of the present invention. It should be recognized that many cases have been described so far and the present invention Is included in the range of. 1 and 2 show two of the invention using two substantially different forms of LED. The embodiment of the above is shown, and FIG. 1 shows an embodiment incorporating a conventional discrete LED. 2 shows an embodiment in which individual LED chips are incorporated. Traditional discrete LEDs are all skilled in the art, such as color, size, beamwidth, etc. Available in a wide selection of well-known T1, T1-3 / 4, T5, surface mount (SMD) ) Axle lead wiring "poly wiring" and SuperNova, Pirahna also Includes LED devices like high power packages like Brewster lamps Mu. Suitable conventional discrete LEDs are Hewlett-Packard California Opt Electronics Division located in San Jose, Japan, located in Tokyo, Japan Stanley Electronic, N located in Anan City, Tokushima Prefecture, Japan ichia Chemical Industries, and many other associations It is available from manufacturers such as the company. The conventional discrete LED 14 has its general shape and standard printed circuit board set. Due to the ease of processing in standing work, the main form is a general-purpose LED. In Figure 1 In place, it carries multiple conventional discrete LEDs 14 and powers them. The illuminator 10 including the support member 12 shows the spatial relationship between the LEDs. Support member 1 The structure of 2 varies depending on the specific design of LED 14 and illuminator 10 and is conventional A printing circuit board may be used, or a howge in which the illuminator assembly 10 is optionally incorporated. It may be a part of Ng19. In the support member 12, all the LEDs emit light from the illuminator 10. A shape that is aligned with a common point at a given distance or otherwise focused Is. Traditional discrete LEDs 14 are generally metal lead frames 17 each. Or electrical and mechanical connections and internal mechanical supports, semiconductor LED ticks Lead frame 17 with one electrode on the die or chip 16, also Is a conductive adhesive or "die remover" for electrical and mechanical attachment to other substrates Attached part (not shown), other electrodes of chip 16 in the area of lead frame 17 The thin conductor 20 that connects electrically, or the chip 16 itself provides the first electrode and Pre-assembled or pre-assembled, usually including other substrates that are electrically separated from the die mount Consists of a packaged "lamp". Optionally, a small reflector (not shown) is also , Adjacent to the chip 16, further improves light extraction from the device. Finally, a transparent, colored or slightly diffused polymer matrix housing. Body 18 includes chip 16, lead frame 17, light reflector (not shown) and guide To suspend, seal and protect body 20 and provide some desirable optical properties for You can stay. In the conventional discrete LED 14, the polymer matrix housing 18 is the standard. Moldally, optically transparent epoxy, or LED chip 16 and lead foil Any number of lame 17 tops that can be protected from environmental contaminants such as moisture Contains material. As shown in FIG. 1, the polymer matrix housing 18 Furthermore, it can be made integrally with the lens 27, which will be discussed in more detail below. Ri The upper part of the frame 17 is connected to the LED semiconductor chip 16 and the lead frame is flared. The lower part of the housing 17 extends from one end of the housing 18 and is attached to the support member 12, and the wiring 2 It provides an electrical connection to the electronic control circuit 22 via 3. Circuit 22 is LE Exciting, controlling and protecting the D14 and manipulating the lighting produced by these LEDs It can be operated to manage. Many modifications of the electronic control circuit 22 are those skilled in the art. It is well known to the illuminator 10 and will vary depending on the application of the illuminator 10. For example , The electronic control circuit 22 for the flashlight is simply directly connected to the LED 14 and the support member 12. It may be a row of "on / off" switches, batteries, and resistors. However, the text below In the case of a rear view mirror assembly for automobiles, which is described in detail in, circuit 22 is a little more complicated. It will be sloppy. In most traditional discrete LED designs, the housing 18 is the lens 27, the deflector. It also acts as an integral optical element such as 28 or diffuser 29, but separately or secondary light. Academic element 21 is built into the illuminator to improve the performance or appearance of the illuminator 10. Is desirable. Furthermore, the spacing between the conventional discrete LEDs 14 is the individual chips 16 One or more individual LEs of the same or different colors so that they are greater than the spacing between them The D-chip 16 can also be built into one polymer matrix housing 18. To. The second form of LED is exclusively (pre-attached lead frame, dense With individual LED chips consisting of semiconductor LED chips (without closed media, wires, etc.) is there. These are generally shipped in glass bottles or "sticky" Adhered to a diaphragm called the "back", supporting individual LED chips and electrically to this Printed circuit boards, ceramic substrates, or Is placed directly on other structures. When multiple LEDs are mounted in this way, The fruit is "chip-on", which can be incorporated as a small element into other assemblies as a whole. Board "LED. The individual LED chips suitable for the present invention are, to name a few, individual LED chips. , Hewlett-Packard, Showa Denko, Stanley and Available from Cree Research. In Figure 2, chip on -If board LED design is used, illuminator 10 is a printed circuit board, ceramic Simultaneous electrical connection to power the printed circuit board, housing, or LED chip 16. Other structures that can support the individual LED chips 16 while doing so It has a holding member 12. In such a form, the individual LED chip 16 is the support member 1. Placed on 2 and thereby the bulkiness of the conventional discrete type LED 14 in Figure 1. Pre-packaged polymer matrix housing 18 and lead flare Eliminate the 17th. Therefore, the support members 12 are very close to each other and Reflector 26, lens 27, and O And / or place the individual LED chips 16 very close to the secondary optics 21 This flexibility allows for more integrated and optimized systems. like this One or more LED chips 16 into one lens 27 or lens set 27 To or very close to the focal point of a (as shown in regions A and B) And as a result the consistency of the mixed beam that will be projected And improve uniformity. The individual LED chip 16 is very small (about 0.02) cm (0.008 inch) x approx. 0.02 cm (0.008 inch) x approx. 0.02 cm (about 0.008 inch)), with high precision equipment, such as pick-up / stationary machines It can be placed very close to each other. Such a dense pitch interval Has a relatively large size and even greater tolerances associated with manufacturing and assembly In fact, this is not possible with the conventional discrete LED 16 in Figure 1. In addition, care about chip 16 The ability to pack tightly is the ultimate design flexibility to improve the aesthetic appeal of the illuminator 10. Enable sex. In a chip-on-board design, the individual LED chips 16 are guided by thin conductors 20. Conductive die-attach adhesive (not shown) that is electrically connected to the electrical pad 24 ) Attaches to the conductive pad 25. Chip 16 and conductive pad 24 , 25 are placed and held in a relationship separated from each other by the support member 12. L E The D chip 16 has pads 24, 25, and a support portion on the support member 12 and the electronic circuit 22. It is electrically connected via material 12 and wiring 23. Individual LED chips 1 below each lens set 27a in areas A and B The number, color and pattern of 6 can vary from system to system. LED chip glue Selected according to the teaching of the present invention so that the spacing between chips is larger than the spacing between individual chips. Lens set 27a with one or more chips 16 of the same or different colors selected Can be placed below. For example, in region A, the three individual illustrated Two of the LED chips 16 are of the type that emit amber light when excited. The third chip can be of the type that emits blue-green light when excited. Ah Rui can also be of the blue-green type and one of the amber type. Also , Another nearby group of multiple luminaires, as shown in area B of Figure 2, is suitable If you include a large number of complementary color LEDs, eg two blue-green types, then everything in area A LEDs can be one color, eg amber. The reflector 26 has the odor of the traditional discrete LED design described above, as shown in FIG. Or in the chip-on-board design of the LED array shown in Figure 2. Can be used arbitrarily. Reflector 26, when used, is usually a cone, parabola Alternatively, it is an elliptical reflector, typically a metal or metal-coated molded plastic. Made from rustic. The purpose of the reflector 26 is to emit light from the LED chip 16. Collects or aids in the collection of light, making this light even narrower than otherwise produced It is to project to the area irradiated with a strong beam. Chip on board L For ED array designs, the reflector 26 is a selective plating of reflective metal (tin mesh). It is a flat reflector that is generally made integrally with the conductive pad 25. , Radially oriented around the LED chip 16. In this case, of course, they are united The reflector / conductive pad mentioned above for both the reflector 26 and the conductive pad 25. Provides various functions. Suitable reflectors 26 are well known to those of skill in the art and are known to California, USA. Reed Precision Microst in Santa Rosa, U.A. Obtained from a wide range of optical molding and coating companies such as ructures Is done. One or more reflectors used in traditional LED 14 or LED chip 16 26 is substantially consistent with traditional LED 14 or LED chip 16 components Ru Can be combined to create a reflector array that is oriented in this way. As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lens 27 is typically the respective conventional LED1. Light emitted by 4 or LED chip 16 and reflected by any reflector 26 To project this light with a narrower and stronger beam than would otherwise be produced. A working magnifying lens / collimator. Traditional LED14 as shown in Figure 1 In the case of the illuminator 10 using, the lens 27 is one with the polymer matrix housing 18. Made on the body, otherwise made separately from the polymer matrix housing 18. You may. Lens 27 is also substantially around the center of the individual conventional discrete LEDs 14. It may be made as an integral array of lens sets 27a that are consistently matched. Individual LED chips 16 in chip-on-board configuration, as shown in Figure 2. In the case of the illuminator 10 used, the components are LED chip 16, reflector 26 and power. This is a lens set 27a that is oriented in a substantially aligned state with the lenses 24 and 25. Combine one or more lens sets 27a into one array to make a lens 27 Can be In Figure 2, the lens set 27a is (individual LED chips). A radial lens with a concave surface similar to that of a Fresnel lens (facing 16) Shown as an internal total internal reflection (TIR) collimated lens with an icroprism structure Will be done. However, plano-convex, biconvex, aspherical or its Fresnel lens, internal total TIR lens, catadioptric or holographic optics (H) OE) It should be understood that the equivalent is a typical metamorphosis of lens set 27a. is there. Lens 27 or lens set 27a has color, F number, aperture ratio, etc. It is used in a wide range of optical systems well known to those skilled in the art. These are US prec ision lens, Reed Precision Microstruc tures, 3M, Fresnel Optics and Polaroid It is available from a variety of manufacturers, including. One or more secondary optics 21 are mentioned above, with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2 at the same time. Traditional discrete LED design (Figure 1) or LED array die-on board installation Used in the total (Fig. 2). The secondary optical element 21 is refracted, reflected, scattered, interfered with, and absorbed. And the combination of diffusion, projected beam shape or pattern, luminosity distribution , Spectral distribution, orientation, divergence and shadows on other properties of the light produced by the LED sound It is a component to be used. Secondary optics 21 include lens 27, deflector 28 and diffusion. Includes one or more of vessels 29, each of which has a well-known form, otherwise microglue Fresnel equivalent, HOE, binary optics or TIR equivalent, or any other c It may be in the form of ibrid. The deflector 28 is optionally mounted or mounted on the housing 19 or otherwise. Attached to or integrally made with the lens surface 27b by the method of The beam is reflected by the lens 27 and / or) used in the LED illuminator 10. It is used to appropriately direct in an inclined direction with respect to the optical axis of the vessel 26. Deflector 2 8 is usually in deviation mode for deviation angles up to about 35 °, or 35 ° Molded to operate in TIR mode (like a periscope prism) for deviation angles that exceed Clear polycarbonate or acrylic prism. This prism In addition, designed in microgroove form, such as Fresnel equivalent or TIR equivalent Can be manufactured. Furthermore, the diffusion grid, 2 to act as a deflector 28 This prism can be replaced by a value optic or a holographic optic. .. In any of these cases, the deflector 28 is an illuminator that emits light. It is configured as a sheet or slab that substantially covers the entire opening of Uzing 19. Such deflectors are available from the same sources as the lens manufacturers mentioned above. .. The diffuser 29 is optionally mounted or mounted on the housing 19 and has a lens surface. Can be mounted on 27b or deflector surface 28a or otherwise made integrally , To aesthetically hide and physically protect the internal elements of the illuminator, and / or conclude Filter the spectral components of the resulting illuminator beam and / or the beam It is used to narrow, widen or smooth the strength distribution of. This is, for example Helps improve the color and brightness uniformity of the effective illumination projected by the illuminator Get it. Alternatively, the diffuser 29 emphasizes the aesthetics of the illuminator and requires an internal illuminator. Hide the element from the appearance or correct the color of the mixed light projected by the illuminator 10. Because of the unique spectral filter (dichroic or bandpass filter) Such as coloring components or optical coatings) are further incorporated. Diffuser 29 Is usually refracted, reflected, or totally internally reflected by its embossed surface or internal structure or composition. Compression or injection molding to correct collision light by scattering, diffusing, absorbing or interfering Be done It is a transparent polycarbonate or acrylic board. Appropriate holographic expansion Scatterer 29 is available from Physical Optics, Southern California Noh, binary optics Teledyne in Huntsville, Alabama -Available from Brown. It is desirable to have as few optics as possible in practice, and therefore at least Can also combine two members into one integral part. For example, the deflector 28 Fresnel lens or TIR collimator, simply a suitable machined piece By placing it on the flat half of the lens, it is incorporated into the upper surface 27b of the lens 27. be able to. As mentioned earlier, and as shown in Figure 2, the diffuser 29 is Also, attach it to the lens surface 27b or the deflector surface 28a, or make it integrally with it. You can also do it. The procedure for constructing the optical members describes the various types of individual optical members first. It is well known to those skilled in the art to replace it with a solid one. All such unions The skein is intended to be included within the scope of the present invention. Obviously traditional discrete Regardless of whether LED 14 or individual chip 16 is used, those skilled in the art , While remaining within the scope of the present invention, many modifications have not been made in the design of the support member 12. It should be understood that all such modifications are part of the present invention. is there. According to the present invention, a plurality of conventional discrete LEDs 14 and individual LED chips 16 Form a metameristic white light whose emission is complementary and different from each other. It consists of two types that exhibit the recognition hue or the main wavelength to be synthesized. In the present invention Generate light to discuss what "metamerism" and "complementarity" mean We must understand the characteristics of mixing technology and the state in which the light produced by mixing is recognized. Must be. However, in general, the clear "color" of the light that reaches the observer is predominant. It is known to depend on its spectral power distribution and the observer's visual response. .. Therefore, both of these must be investigated. Figure 3 shows the standard white light sources A (curve 301), B (curve 302) and C (f). -This is a graph plotting the relative spectrum, power, and wavelength with respect to 303). To. The standard illuminant is when the illuminant is changed by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE). Complexity resulting from colored objects that encounter appropriate changes in color representation It was developed as a standard to reduce sex. Standard illuminant A is a plan with a temperature of about 2856K It is a light source that has the same relative spectrum and power distribution as the radiator. Plank radiation A vessel, or blackbody radiator, is a body that emits light according to Planck's law because of its temperature. .. A true plank radiator is an ideal abstraction rather than a real light source, but many An incandescent light source emits light having a similar degree of approximation in its spectral composition and color. Example For example, CIE's standard illuminant A can be used for many incandescent lamps such as tungsten and halogen lamps. It closely approximates the emitted light. Therefore, approximately the same relative spectrum power Emission spectrum by demonstrating the temperature of a plank radiator with a cloth It is convenient to characterize the war distribution. Standard illuminants B and C are "true" daylight And sunlight, respectively, but these light sources are compared to the power of daylight and sunlight. And the UV region has too little power. All of these light sources are variations of white light, as can be seen in Figure 3. Has a wide spectrum power distribution. Incandescent light sources typically have their temperature A solid that emits light when the degree is higher than about 1000K, and the amount of radiated power and The apparent color of this radiation is directly related to the temperature of the light source. Most familiar incandescent light sources Flames from the sun, candles or gas lamps, and tungsten filament lamps Is. CIE standard illuminants A (curve 301) and B (curve 302) in FIG. And such a light source similar to C (Curve 303) over a wide range of wavelengths. It is relatively constant and has a spectral power distribution, often referred to as a broadband light source. After that, it has a color that is almost recognized as colorless or white. The divergence of the white light source and the fact Approximate white in the relevant range, which is effectively recognized as white in various areas of If you are within the white border moved from the revised Kelly chart, 2,000K Planck radiators at color temperatures between and 10,000 K, standard illuminants A, B, C, D₆₅Light source close to, and general light source such as fluorescent lamps F1, F2, F7, high voltage nato Includes lithium lamps, xenon lamps, metal halide lamps, kerosene lamps, or candles Substantially distinguished from the colors within the colorless border of SAE J578 along the blackbody curve If it cannot and has color coordinates or tristimulus values that are approximately equal to this color, then the color is It should be considered white within the scope of the present invention. All of these are related to this technology. It is knowledge, and will be collated and discussed in the text below. Unlike the other light sources discussed, LEDs are narrowband light sources. Standard illuminants A and B In addition to and C, Figure 3 shows that one is 592 nanometers (nm) (curve 304). ), Others are narrow band with peak spectrum power emission of 488 nm (curve 305) It shows the spectral power distribution of two LEDs that emit regional radiation. Adjust the figure As you can see, the characteristic spectrum of LEDs is even more similar in wide band. Significantly different from the light source. LED (incandescent lamp, pyroluminescence or caso Because it produces light by electroluminescence (instead of dolminesens) The emission spectrum for LEDs consists of a very narrow band and such semiconductors Determined by the bandgap of the material. Such narrow-band visible light emission characteristics are It is manifested in a very standard manner, which in the present invention is a pronounced hue, Means having a high color purity, i.e. a purity greater than about 0.8, and therefore very color Rich and obviously not white. Despite the narrow band attribute LED light, two carefully The combination of LED radiation selected appears white in color and the color coordinates are standard illuminant A Can form surprisingly lighting that is substantially the same as B or C. The reason for this is, as mentioned earlier, the apparent color of light, such as from a self-luminous source. Depends on the visual response of the observer, in addition to the characteristics of the light from the light source. In addition, non-self Self-luminous body or surface (must be illuminated by a separate light source to be visible The apparent color of the thing) is a little more complicated, the observer's visual response, the body part of the problem Or depending on the spectral reflectance of the surface and the characteristics of the light that illuminates the body or surface Exists. Figure 4A (LED light source spectrum), Figure 4B (50% neutral gray) -Reflective characteristics with respect to the index), and Figure 4C (Spect of the resulting reflected light) As shown in the power distribution P (λ) = S (λ) * R (λ)), the surface or If the body is a "neutral gray" diffuse reflector, this is always dark but illuminated It reflects light that has the same composition as the light source it emits. From the gray side Since the relative spectrum and power distribution of the emitted light is the same as that of the irradiation light source, the irradiation light It will appear to have the same hue as the source itself. If the irradiation light source is white, the surface is Looks white, gray or black (according to its reflectance). Figure 4C shows multiple Ann Emitted from bars and blue-green LEDs, then 50% neutral gray indicator Shows the spectral power distribution resulting from the light reflected from the surface .. As mentioned earlier, the observer's visual response is to the apparent color of synchrotron and reflected light. affect. For example, sensors or receptors in the human eye are equal to all wavelengths of light. Not responding well, different receptors are more sensitive than other wavelengths during periods of low light levels It's big. Conical receptors are active during high light levels, i.e. daylight, and color recognition Take charge. Rod-shaped receptors are active at low light levels and against red It is almost or completely insensitive, but has significant sensitivity to blue light. Figure 5 is the relative sensitivity of the "standard observer" to the wavelength to the spectral irradiation efficiency function. It is a plotted graph. The curve indicated by 501 is photopic (ie, high). Represents the standard observer's visual sensitivity to visible stimuli under low light level) conditions. Curve 502 is a marker for stimuli visible under scotopic (ie, low light level) conditions. Represents the visual sensitivity of a quasi-observer. As is clear, the photopic response (501) is It has a roughly Gaussian shape with a peak of about 555 nm and a scotopic response (502) of about 5. It has a peak at 08 nm. Relative spectral sensitivity under photopic and scotopic vision conditions The difference between them is the enhanced blue response and the reduced red response during the dark, Pulkinje ( Known as the Purkinje) phenomenon. Under scotopic vision conditions, the observation surface is hundreds of candela. It exists when the surface brightness is smaller than / square meter. Photopic vision conditions are observation It exists when the surface has a surface brightness of about 5 candelas / square meter or more. Transition example The enclosure exists between photopic and scotopic vision, which is a presumed typical mesopic response, as shown in Figure 5. Known as twilight (ie, intermediate light level) vision represented by the intermediate curve 503 Be done. Another major difference between photopic, scotopic and mesopic vision is the scotopic condition (very). Inability to discriminate colors at low light levels) and color perception under mesopic vision conditions Another ability is reduced. Differences between photopic, mesopic and scotopic conditions are due to low light level conditions in the illuminator. It is relevant to the present invention as it is used to illuminate the area. Therefore, irradiation Previously, the environment represented scotopic vision conditions during full irradiation (when the eyes adapted to increased lighting). After a while), the environment is in photopic vision. But after adaptation while the eyes are adapting At the "outer edge" of the illumination area, the environment is in mesopic vision. These different lighting The changing sensitivity of the eye to the bell is very important in the design of a proper luminaire. .. The colors recognized during the photopic response are basically three different species in the human eye. It is a function of three variables corresponding to the class of pyramidal receptors. There are also rod-shaped receptors, , These are only important for vision at low light levels and typically have high light levels. It is ignored in the color evaluation in Le. Therefore, a review of spectral power data It is expected that the valence requires the use of three different spectral weighting functions. Figure 6 is the relative response pair wave of the CIE color matching function to the 1931 standard 2 degree observer. The length is plotted.<img file="JP2000513293A_D0001.tif" />Related to the sensitivity of three types of pyramidal receptors in the human eye to wavelength (λ) ..<img file="JP2000513293A_D0002.tif" />It has moderate sensitivity at about 450 nm and almost no sensitivity near 505 nm.<img file="JP2000513293A_D0003.tif" />(λ) (Curve 603) has a remarkable sensitivity centered around 445 nm. As mentioned earlier, red (monochromatic light source at 700 nm, R in the text below. (Displayed in), green (at 546 nm, and in the text below, the monochromatic light source displayed in G) Like) and blue (at 435 nm, like the monochromatic light source shown in B in the text below) By combining the colors in the proper ratio, virtually any color can be matched accurately. Is known to be. The necessary parts of R, G, B required to match a given color are:<img file="JP2000513293A_D0004.tif" />It can be determined by (λ). First, the amount of power per small, constant-width wavelength interval is for the colors to be matched.<img file="JP2000513293A_D0005.tif" />Used as a weighted function to calculate. That is, X = k [P₁x (λ)₁+ P₂x (λ)₂+ P₃x (λ)₃+ ... P_nx (λ)_n [1] Y = k [P₁y (λ)₁+ P₂y (λ)₂+ P₃y (λ)₃+ ... P_ny (λ)_n [2] Z = k [P₁z (λ)₁+ P₂Z (λ)₂+ P₃Z (λ)₃+ ... P_nz (λ)_n [3] However, k is a constant, P₁,₂,₃,_nIs the entire visible spectrum for the colors to be matched<img file="JP2000513293A_D0006.tif" />It is the magnitude of the color matching function (obtained from the above). Finally, near the above monochromatic light sources R, G, B A similar desired ratio is calculated from the above-calculated tristimulus values of X, Y, and Z using the following equation. Is calculated. That is, R = 2.365X-0.897Y-0.468Z [4] G = -0.515X + 1.426Y + 0.0888Z [5] B = 0.005203X-0.0144Y + 1.009Z [6] Therefore, in the color matching function of FIG. 6, the amount of power per small constant width interval is the spectrum. The R required to match any color, if known for the overall color ( Used as a weighting function to determine the amounts of red), G (green) and B (blue) Can be done. As a practical matter, the R, G and required to match the selected colors B has three radiations at 700nm, 546nm and 435nm respectively Gives the radian intensity of a monochromatic light source (like a laser). Again in Figure 3, the combined emission from the two indicated LEDs (Curve 3). Wideband white, even when 04 and 305) have significantly different spectral compositions The reason why it looks like an optical light source is that the combined radiation is the standard light source B of a broadband light source ( This is because it has the same tristimulus value as curve 302) (as calculated by Equation 1-3). ). This phenomenon is known as metamerism and is an essential feature of the present invention. Metamerism is the emission of two light sources or illuminated objects that are completely different. Color vision with reflected spectral power distribution but with the same tristimulus values and color coordinates Refers to the phase of consciousness. The result of metamerism is two completely different light source pairs (its related different). Additive mixing can result in illumination with exactly the same recognized color. Is. For the principle and application of additive color mixing and metamerism to the present invention, It will be discussed in more detail in the disclosure. Figure 7 shows the CIE 1976 Uniform Chromaticity Scale, commonly referred to as the u'and v'figures. Le (UCS). u', v'figures approximate recognizable color attributes, hue and saturation It is used to conveniently provide numerical coordinates that correlate with each other. The UCS diagram is also Colorometer in a form that is well recognized in technology and relatively easy to understand and use It is also used to describe the results of arithmetic, color mixing and metamerism. Of course, the exact color Recognition will depend on visual conditions and the observer's adaptation and other characteristics. Further To name a few, CIE 1931 double chromaticity charts (x, y charts and generally (Called), like CIELAB, CIELUV, Hunter and Munsell systems Other color coordinate systems are available. For the sake of simplicity, this invention is referred to as CIE 1 Further described in the text below using the 976 UCS system. However, the description of the present invention Regardless of the color system used for, the teachings of the present invention are valid, and therefore. Limited by such exclusive use of the CIE 1976 UCS system. It should be understood that there is no such thing. Again in Figure 7, the color locations in the u', v'figures plot v'and u'. Obtained by here, u'= 4X / (X + 15Y + 3Z) = 4x / (-2x + 12y + 3) [7] v'= 9Y / (X + 15Y + 3Z) = 9y / (-2x + 12y + 3) [8] Also, here, X, Y, and Z are the tristimulus values mentioned above (x and y are CIE1). 931 Chromaticity x, y coordinates supported, provided for convenient conversion). in this way , Any color can be described with respect to its u'and v'values. Figure 7 shows Rank locus (701), SAE J578 boundary for colorless white light (702) U', v'figure for standard illuminants A (703), B (704) and C (705) Indicates each position in, and from the blue (707) and red (708) LEDs The locus of binary additive color mixing (706) is shown. Obviously, against blackbody radiators Corresponding standard illuminants A (703), B (704) and C (705) are plank tracks. It exists along the mark (701). The plank locus has a large portion across the white, or colorless region of the figure, at various temperatures. The curves in the u'and v'figures that combine the colors of the Planck radiator in. Illustrated The colorless white border (702) of SAE J578 is the above-mentioned equation 6 and Transcribed from CIE 1931 chromaticity x, y coordinates using 7, generally , Used to define which is good white light for automobiles (used) Many automotive white lights deviate from these boundaries). Also shown in Figure 7 are red (660 nm) (708) and blue (480 nm) (7). This is the range of colors that can be created by the hypothetical color addition combination of LEDs in 07). Figure 7 is the SA to which the plank trajectory and the color produced by this combination correspond E J578 Indicates whether to move away from the colorless boundary. In fact, these blue and red L The binary addition trajectory (706) from the ED is red, pink, light purple, dark purple, and blue. Has a sensible hue. Therefore, this system is as an improved white light illuminator of the present invention. Will not be suitable. However, a white light illuminator can actually consist of a three-color vote system. As mentioned earlier , RGB combinations, most of each recognized color in the 1976 UCS diagram Can occur. Such a system would be complex and expensive, and / or R -Inevitable unacceptable manufacturing variations inherent in the GB system. This is best illustrated by Figure 8, which is also CIE 1976 UC. S-figure, Planck locus (801) and transformed SAE J578 boundary (802) ) Is shown. In addition, three types of additions that can be made from a combination of hypothetical RG-BLED forms Trajectory of method mixing (803) and associated estimated manufacturing variability (8) 04) is shown. Due to various uncontrolled processes in their manufacture An LED of any given type or color (including red, green and blue) has its emission intensity. Large variation from device to device in terms of luminosity and luminosity and relatively small hues Shows flicker. As can be confirmed by reference to typical LED manufacturing literature, This variation is 1 even if the LEDs being compared are of the same type and hue. From one LED to another, or from one batch to another Can represent a change of 200 percent. Equations 7 and 8 are the u', v'coordinates of the colors. The dependence of the tristimulus values on X, Y, and Z is clearly shown, and Equation 4-6 is a light source. It shows the degree of correlation dependence on the power (that is, strength) of. Thus, RG -B LED intensity and hue variations of the mixed light u', V' It will cause variations in color coordinates. Therefore, the light can be reproduced like white. A large number of RGB LED illuminators with the guarantee of matching the desired color Very difficult to configure. This means that in the hatched area in Figure 8. More shown, it is called the RGB LED manufacturing variability trajectory (804). In this way, the additive color mixing ratio is maintained during the manufacture of the LED and illuminator assemblies. Red, green, blue (RGB) only if an unusual procedure is devised to ensure that ) Can be combined to produce white light in a reproducible manner. This is Envoy Expensive measurements for each LED used, or perhaps a process sensor Includes built-in effective electronic control circuitry to balance LED output in response Would. Supplying 3 different types of LEDs by inventory and handling system Combined with the obvious complexity of doing, with the extra costs associated with such attempts Complexity is a threat and such configurations cannot be adapted to the luminaire applications of the present invention. To. Therefore, in the broadest sense, the present invention is a standard LED light source or equivalent. By additively mixing complementary colors from the two types of colors, almost colorless light is generated. Regarding that. Complementary colors are almost colorless stimuli that are specified when additive colors are mixed, for example. It means two colors that reproduce the tristimulus values of the reference white. Each of these two complementary colors By properly adjusting the ratio of light from, a metameristic white color will result. Produces a tinted color, or also results between two complementary color stimuli Produces the color of. LEDs are the saturated light source of greatest interest with narrow bands of radiation. However, the present invention may achieve similar results with other well-selected narrowband light sources. Clearly teach that. Figure 9 shows two LEs with complementary hues to form a metameristic white light. Wider range of how additive mixing of light from D (901 and 902) can be combined It is a CIE 1976 UCS diagram shown in the sense. Also, the revised Kelly chart and And an approximation of the "white" color region transcribed from the x, y chromaticity diagram of CIE 1931. The boundary (903) is also shown. Kelly chart and 1931 x, y chromaticity chart Although not shown, it is well known in the art. Figure 9 also shows that the radiation is about 650n. Peak wavelengths of m (901) and 500 nm (902) and red and green recognition colors The first embodiment of the present invention using a combination of one or more LEDs having a phase is shown. Su. As the figure shows, this embodiment is a standard light on the Planck locus (906). Produces "white" light placed between sources A (904) and B (905). However, from the above discussion, the substantive inherent in traditional discrete and individual chip LEDs Understand that variability results in changes in the coordinates of the additive color mixture that results Should be. The 650nm LED (901) shown in Figure 9 has a red hue. Within the range of LEDs with peak wavelengths in the range of 635 to 680 nm The 500 nm LED (902) shown in FIG. 9 has a peak wavelength of 492. Within the range of nm and 530 nm and the light falls within the range of LEDs with a green hue Can be. In this embodiment, such variations, especially the plurality of Ls used. Manufacturing variations in the significant strength of the ED result in mixed color coordinates, u', v'To the yellowish pink or yellowish green area of the figure in the plank trajectory On the other hand, the u'and v'charts will be moved in a direction that is substantially at right angles. .. Fortunately, as discussed earlier, it effectively receives a slightly non-white color as white. There is some wealth in the human visual system for entry. Red-orange or red LED light (600 Peak wavelengths between nm and 635 nm or between 635 nm and 680 nm Complementary green LED light (each has) (peak between 492 nm and 530 nm) Similar mixing with (with wavelength), or yellow-green or yellow LED light (530nm) Purple-blue or blue LED light (420 nm) with a peak wavelength between 572 nm Mixing with (or having a peak wavelength between 476 nm) to produce similar results It can function in the same way and is included within the scope of the embodiment of the present invention. It should be understood that Thus, systems such as those mentioned here are other If the parameters of (such as the effective illuminance to be projected) are also not satisfied, the main issue It will function as an embodiment of Ming. A more desirable embodiment is that the light from the two types of LEDs overlaps and is white. Mix with sufficient intensity and proper ratio to be an effective illuminator that projects light. Sea urchin with peak wavelengths of 592 nm (1001) and 488 nm (1002), Multiple LEs in two different formats, each with an amber and a blue-green perceived hue Figure 1 of the CIE 1976 UCS diagram showing a complementary combination of binary from D to light. Shown at 0. Their spectra are very different from those of any standard illuminant But when viewed by a "standard" human observer, the Amber LED (100) The mixed output of 1) and the blue-green LED (1002) is surprisingly a standard light source. Looks almost the same as B (1003) or C (1004). In Figure 10 , Nominally mixed u', v'coordinates with dotted line (1006) between standard illuminants B and C It occurs at the intersection (1005) of the plank locus (1007). In the embodiment LED color u', v'coordinates are Planck locus (1007) and SAE J57 8 Mark the end point of the line segment that is substantially coaxial with the long axis of the colorless white boundary of Any variation in strength resulting from flicker is very close to the Planck locus (1007) Produces color along an axis that remains within the boundaries of other widely accepted definitions of white It becomes. This is the manufacturing process and control electronics associated with illuminators. Significantly simplifies the cost, which reduces overall manufacturing costs and makes commercialization more practical To. In addition, many types and hues of currently available LEDs are consumed. Two desirable types of L for the present invention with respect to the light emitted relative to electric power We found that ED has a very high luminous efficiency. These are California Hewlett-Packard Optoelectronics located in San Jose, San Jose Transparent board AlInGaP amber LED available from the X division and Japan Nichia Chemical Industrie located in Anan City, Tokushima Prefecture It is a GaN blue-green LED available from s. Figure 11 shows the problem of manufacturing variability within the context of the other white definitions. Therefore, the embodiment of the present invention is further amplified. Amber (572nm (11) Peak radiation between 03) and 600 nm (1104)) and blue-green (476 nm (476 nm) Hatched between 1105) and peak radiation between 492 nm (1106)) It is approximately possible for the lines (1101 and 1102) to produce metameristic white light. To the hue variation of the LED at any of the termination points for a given embodiment It shows the range that can be placed. LED is the basic semiconductor material and LED spectrum emission Solid-state devices containing one or more dopants that affect morphism So dopi to intentionally correct the peak wavelength emitted by the LED You can adjust the level of other process parameters. Furthermore, ahead As mentioned in, certain irregular variations also occur, affecting additive color mixing. However, in the embodiment of the present invention, variations larger than usual variations are allowed. Will be done. This is between the hatched lines (1101 and 1102) and the char A large part of the area within the monochromatic locus (1107) is the plank locus (1108). , Marked area (1109) corresponding to the revised Kelly boundary for white, or none Area with hatch corresponding to revised SAE J578 border for color white (11) As in 10), it overlaps with the area generally recognized as white and called white. Therefore, this The The result is a modest variation in LED strength and hue of the embodiments. All additive colors fall under one of the white areas. In this figure, the hues are union. An ambassador that complements the hue range of blue-green LEDs that form virtually white light when passed -Clearly shows what the LED range can be. In the most desirable embodiment of the invention, the light from two types of LEDs is effective white. 5 Overlapping and mixing at an appropriate ratio with sufficient intensity to project the light Peak wavelengths of 84nm (1201) and 483nm (1202), amber and blue -2 of light from multiple LEDs of 2 different types, each with a perceived hue of green Use value-complementary combinations. When plotted on a color chart, the implementation The u'and v'coordinates of the light emitted by the LED in the form of are as shown in Figure 12. , Standard illuminants A (1205), B (1206) and C (1207) The end of interconnecting the coaxial line segment (1203) with the part of the mark locus (1204) It represents an end point. As mentioned earlier, variations in strength and hue are irregularities that occur during LED manufacturing. It is a natural by-product of regular variability. However, in the case of the embodiment of the present invention Focused on the illuminator assembly to compensate for LED-specific manufacturing variability Greatly eliminates the need for manufacturing and electronic controls during intensive processes. this child Is the line (1203) connecting the u'and v'coordinates of the desired LED of the present invention, and 20 Best fits the part of the plank locus (1204) from 00K to 10000K It is shown by a substantially coaxial relationship with the linear approximation. Further operate Process control, inventory control, material handling and Electronic circuit design is further simplified. This substantial simplification adds to the manufacturing cost. Produces white light, which is the only light color required for embodiments of the present invention. To increase the ability of the present invention to project. The flexibility of the present invention combines the terminal components of the binary complementary LED light mixture described above. It is further increased by the application of the additive color technology to be made. There are two types of this attempt mentioned above. Uses partial additive synthesis of non-colored LEDs to produce effective binary phase capture corresponding to the LEDs in It is best understood by referring to Figure 13, which shows that it is present. Hue 1301-1 307 represents the radiation from the LED as shown below, and hue 1301 is 420 nm. Purple-blue or blue for LEDs with peak wavelengths between or between 476 nm and color Phase 1302 for LEDs with peak wavelengths between 476 nm and 492 nm Blue-green, hue 1303 has a peak wavelength between 492 nm and 530 nm Green for one LED, hue 1304 is between 530nm and 572nm Yellow-green or yellow for LEDs with wavelengths, hue 1305 is 572n Amber and hue for LEDs with peak wavelengths between m and 605 nm 1306 is red for LEDs with peak wavelengths between 605 nm and 635 nm -Orange, hue 1307 has a peak wavelength between 635 nm and 680 nm Red for LED. One or more LEDs with hue 1306 or 1307 And hue 1304 additive color mixing of light from one or more LEDs has the same hue And union to make light with substantially the same saturation as LED light with hue 1305 I can make you. Thus, the radiation is hue 1306 or 1307 and 1 By the additive color mixing of the light emitted from two types of LEDs featuring 304, An equivalent or alternative to the umber LED is synthesized. Similarly, hue 1301 From one or more LEDs with, or one or more LEDs with hue 1303 Additive color mixing of light is substantially the same saturation as an LED with the same hue and hue 1302. Can be synthesized to make light with, which allows the blue-green LED in Figure 11 Combined with equivalents or alternatives. The non-complementary partial combination of LED lights is the above binary complementary color mixing termination member. This partial set when used to synthesize an equivalent or alternative to one The resulting light from the alignment is with its binary or effective binary complementary component. Mixed and projected through the lens and / or other optics for effective conditions etc. Form a fair-skinned illumination. This can be important in commercial practice and If one due to rapid growth in market acceptance or insufficient LED manufacturer capacity Long-term supply disruption is common for these types of LEDs. As mentioned earlier, this Such destruction is an alternative L that is more readily available to form a considerable complementary component. By using a partial combination of EDs, it is alleviated in the case of the present invention. Figure 14A-Figure 14C shows the map light inside the rear view mirror inside the car. Although the illuminator of the present invention to be incorporated is shown, the illuminator of the present invention is replaced with a safety lamp. Or it should be understood that it can be incorporated into an external rearview mirror as a "paddle" light. is there. The rear view mirror 130 of an automobile has a rear wall 132a, a top, a bottom and an end. A housing 132 consisting of a peripheral side wall 132b with a wall is provided. Peripheral wall object 132 b defines a front opening for receiving the mirror element 134. Mounting bracket G (not shown) uses the rear view mirror 130 to the front window (not shown) of the car or Provided for mounting on a lidliner (not shown). The mirror element 134 is shown in the figure. A conventional prismatic mirror element as shown in 14B may be used, or as shown in FIG. 14C. Electro-optic anti-glare (reducing brilliance) mirror elements as shown may be sufficient, or tricks A well-known liquid crystal dimming mirror element may be used. Figure 14B shows a conventional prismatic mirror element However, the mirror element 134 does not deviate from the scope of the present invention. Well-known in this technology, including electrochromic anti-glare mirror elements It should be understood that it is intended to indicate any mirror element of. For example FIG. 14C shows the front, each having a conductive layer 154 arranged on opposite sides. Electrochromic with part glass element 150 and rear glass element 152 A simplified cross-sectional view of the mirror is shown. Attached to the back of the rear glass element 152 Elek placed between the reflective layer 156 and the two glass elements (150, 152) Trochromic medium 158 is also shown. A place where the electrochromic antiglare mirror element is replaced as the mirror element 134 In this case, the patent table below is generally for electro-optical devices, especially electrochromic retrospective. Illustrative teaching of mirrors and related circuits is given. Published February 20, 1990 HJ Byker U.S. Pat. No. 4,902,108 "Single Used Internally Compartment, self-erasing solution phase electrochromic device solution And how to use it (Single-Compartment, Self-Era) sing, Solution-Phase Electrochromic D evices Solutions for Use Therein, and Uses Thereof) , Bechtel, etc. issued on May 5, 1992 Canadian Patent No. 1,300,945 "Automatic Rear View Mirror System for Automotive" (Automatic Rearview Mirror Systemfo r Automotive Vehicles) , published July 7, 1992 HJ Byker U.S. Pat. No. 5,128,799 "Variable Reflectance Automotive Mi Ra (Variable Reflectance Motor Vehicl e Mirror) , HJ Byker, etc., published on April 13, 1993. National Patent No. 5,202,787 "Electro-Opt I c Device) , JH Bechtel, published April 20, 1993. U.S. Pat. No. 5,278,693 "Control System for Automatic Rearview Mirrors (Con) trol System For Automatic Rearview M irrors) , US such as DA Theiste published on January 11, 1994 National Patent No. 5,278,693 "Colored Solution Phase Electrochromic Mirror (T) inted Solution-Phase Electrochromic Mirrors) , published January 18, 1994 by HJ Byker, USA Patent No. 5,280,380 "UV Stabilization Composition and Method (UV-Stabi) lized Compositions and Method) , 1994 HJ Byker U.S. Pat. No. 5,282,077, issued January 25, 2014 Variable Reflectance Mirror , HJ Byker, US Pat. No. 5,294, issued March 15, 1994, No. 376 "Bipyridinium Salt So" lutions) , HJ Byker's US patent issued August 9, 1994 No. 5,336,448 "Electrochromic containing bipyridinium salt solution Devices (Electrochromic Devices with Bip) yridinium Salt Solutions) , January 18, 1995 US Pat. No. 5,434,407, such as FT Bauer issued by Japan, "Optical Pipe Automatic Rearview Mirr to incorporate or Incorporating Light Pipe) , 1995 9 WL Tonar U.S. Pat. No. 5,448,397, Issued May 5, "For Automotive" Outside Automatic Rearvi ew Mirror for Automotive Vehicles) , US Pat. No. 5,451 by JH Bechtel et al. Issued September 19, 1995 , No. 822 "Electronic Control Sy ste m) ". Each of these patents has been assigned as in the present invention and includes collation. Each disclosure is incorporated in its entirety for reference. According to an embodiment of the present invention, the peripheral side wall 132b of the housing of the mirror 130 The bottom has two openings 14 arranged inside so that part of the vehicle is illuminated through It has 0a and 140b. Two sets of multiple LEDs 114 are power supplies (not shown) And / or part of the interior of the vehicle opens when excited by the electronic control unit 122 Arranged inside housing 130 so that it is illuminated via 140a and 140b Placed. As shown in Figure 14A, the opening 140a covers the driver portion inside the vehicle. Illuminate, so that opening 140b illuminates the passenger part of the vehicle, opening 140a and 140b is arranged towards the opposite end of the bottom of the peripheral side wall 132b. Right side driving mode For mirrors designed for some foreign vehicles, of course, the opening 140a Corresponding to the passenger part of the vehicle, the opening 140b will correspond to the driver part. Howe LED114 to illuminate the interior of the vehicle through openings 140a, 140b Incorporating into the Jing 132 is a prior art incandescent map light as shown below Has many advantages over. Incandescent illuminators operate by heating metal filaments and of this heat Most radiate, conduct, and convect from the light bulb. This heat is the mirror housing Internal mirror assembly or other component, eg electrochromic anti-glare required It must be dissipated to reduce the chance of damage to the element, compass, etc. This The mechanism for dissipating heat is a heat sink assisted by conduction and convection heat transfer. Some optics that can be assisted by ventilation or blowers to improve convection, or radiant heat transfer A feature part such as an element or coating. All of these are typically mi Add an undesired combination of weight, volume, cost or complexity to the Ra assembly To do. In addition, incandescent lamps emit light equally in all directions. This means that the light of the vehicle Some issues such as having to incorporate a large reflector to direct the occupant Produces. These reflectors also occupy a considerable amount of space and transfer weight to the mirror assembly. Add. Furthermore, the light from the incandescent light source, which is not reflected by the reflector, is sent to the driver. Can cause rare (glare) and also incorporate glare and / or amber light Any electrochromic anti-glare caused by incorrect input to the sensor Proper operation of the layer can be prohibited. Conventional discrete form with integrated optics or separate light Regardless of the semiconductor die here, which has an academic background, the LED is very small and therefore The reflector assembly or other optics used with these optics is a mirror assembly. It does not add significant weight or volume to the solid. Furthermore, a place to further reduce the size Even if you do, you can combine several LED chips into one package. As weight is applied to the mirror assembly, greater stress is applied to its mounting structure. Its resonance characteristics change. In particular, the mounting part is attached to the inner surface of the front window with adhesive. Even with the type, there is greater stress on the mounting mechanism due to increased weight It can lead to early failure of the mounting mechanism. This increased weight also reduces the resonant frequency and shakes Clarity of the image reflected by the mirror while driving the vehicle, which can result in increased dynamic amplitude to degrade. It s a safety issue. in addition to Rukoto, failure or the increase in premature attachment portion Signs of vibration will be clearly unpleasant for vehicle-owned vehicles. As cars become more complex, more optional elements are mirrored It is being incorporated into the For example, remote keyless approach system, compass, Indications for orientation, tire pressure, temperature, etc. are being incorporated into the mirror housing is there. Since the mirror housing has limited space, each inside the housing It is necessary to reduce the volume of the components. Cool the incandescent lamp and collimate the light The extra space required to do so significantly includes the inclusion of these other desirable feature members. Make it complicated. On the contrary, LEDs do not operate at high temperatures, which causes heat dissipation problems and measures against heat dissipation. Less likely to cause spatial problems associated with. Individual LED chips are very small, typically about 0.02 cm x 0.02 c m x 0.02 cm (0.008 inch x 0.008 inch x 0.008 inch) Because of the dimensions of, these chips are conventional discrete LEDs or chip-on-bo For the most part, LED LEDs can perform their intended function with much greater efficiency. It approximates a point light source better than the incandescent filament and collimating optics of the minute. The resulting LED illuminator will be more evenly and accurately adjusted and directed in strength. Project the distribution. LEDs typically compare to an incandescent lamp life of 1,000 to 2,000 hours Has an unusually long life. A typical LED is its design, manufacturing process and dynamics It lasts between 200,000 and 2 million hours, depending on the crop situation. led Is also much more robust than incandescent bulbs, mechanical shock and vibration, thermal shock And the resistance to the collision of flying foreign matter is large. LED is also an incandescent lamp system Substantial on / off switching transition states that cause substantial reliability problems Can withstand. The benefits of longevity and reliability are important and when combined with their inherent robustness , The advantage of using LEDs is remarkable. Amber LED using the method specified in military specification HDBK-217F-1 (Hewlett-Packard part number HLMT-DL00) in the circuit of Figure 21 Power consumption of 0.72W from, and Philip format operating at 13.0V Compared to 192 lamps, it shows a significant difference in the calculated failure rate. this The result is that incandescent lamps have a failure rate of 99.83% over the same period, Amber LEDs show a failure rate of 0.17%. In external rear view mirrors, these problems are even worse with shock and vibration streaks. Depending on the situation, as well as the main outdoor environment rain, snow, temperature fluctuations, UV radiation dew Further magnified by exposure to the environment such as output and humidity. This is the outside rear LEDs must protect the incorporation of incandescent lamps into visual mirrors from these factors It makes it even more difficult in that it does not. Map light assembly of car interior mirrors, Or prevent the failure of the incandescent lamp built into the safety lamp assembly of the external mirror of the car Regardless of the steps taken to do, these lamps cover the entire mirror assembly. A life short enough that a means to replace the bulb must be provided without the need to replace it Have a life. Unfortunately, designs that allow easy replacement are typically protective. It is not effective and increases the possibility of early failure. This is because the light bulb is due to environmental factors Makes the design and manufacture of protective work difficult and expensive. On the other hand, LEDs are very Has a long life and is generally resistant to damage from vibrations, shocks and other environmental effects Very strong resistance. Therefore, the LED is the life of the mirror assembly and the vehicle itself. Much longer lasting, mirror assembly design provides a means to replace LEDs It does not need to be included. The white light LED illuminator of the present invention can be very compact, and therefore the prior art Rear view mirror of a car in a much more aesthetically pleasing way than the incandescent light system of the art Can be incorporated into. Finally, the incandescent lamp, when first excited, heats up to an incandescent state, and therefore Very until it requires an inrush current that can be 12-20 times the normal operating current of the LED Has low electrical resistance. This plunge condition causes a great deal of thermomechanical stress on the lamp filler. Imposing on the ment and generally part of the rated service life (much shorter than the vehicle's service life) Contributes to premature failure. Inrush current is also available on power supplies, connectors, wiring harnesses, Inside the illuminator system, such as fuses and relays, or other attached to it Iterative to a large transition state in which all of these components are applied to the electronic components Stresses so that they must be designed to withstand the exposure. LED , Has no inrush current and therefore avoids all of these problems. The "bloom time" for an incandescent lamp, that is, the incandescent lamp is first applied with its supply voltage. The time it takes to fully brighten after being squeezed is very long, 0.2 for many lamps. Over seconds. Very fast response times are not required for vehicle map lights, but As described below, fast response characteristics are advantageous for electronic control of strength and color mixing ratio. is there. In addition, there are binary complementary color metameristic white LED lights such as research to assist the lamp. The use of bright equipment is due to its ability to quickly brighten during electronic urging such as strobes. Benefit from it. According to an embodiment of the present invention, a plurality of LEs behind each opening 140a, 140b. D114 synthesizes light from two groups to project effective white illumination Any combination of two types of LEDs with hues where the radiation interpolates with each other. (Alternatively, a significant binary component formed from a non-complementary subcombination of LED light It can be a combination), but as mentioned earlier, the openings 140a and 140b. Desirable LED 114 placed in each is a pair of amber LED and blue-green LED It is a match. When excited, these two types of LEDs are complementary color hues. When combined with the proper proportions of light, the resulting beam is heavy. Mixing so that it becomes an effective illuminator that projects virtually white light with sufficient intensity. To do. In particular, the Opt-Electronics Division of Hewlett-Packard Company At least two amber LEDs, such as the transparent board AIInGaP format, are open Nichia Chemical in mouth 140a and 140b respectively At least one blue-green LE, such as the GaN format from Industries Should be combined with D, the most desirable combination is openings 140a, 140b 3 or 4 ambassadors for 2 or 3 blue-green LEDs in each -LED. This combination is inside the vehicle to help passengers when reading the map White light is produced by effective lighting that illuminates a part of. As mentioned earlier, effective illumination of an area occurs at a distance from the illuminator. .. Effective lighting is an important feature of the present invention in the art of map light for automobiles. Is partially determined by the vehicle manufacturer's specifications. For example, Figure 15 shows one self Illuminators acceptable to motor vehicle manufacturers for rearview mirrors with integrated map lights Indicates what is required as. Illuminance measurement is on the driver's side at points 1-13 Must be recorded for (1501). The average illuminance at points 1-15 is Must not be less than 80 looks with a minimum measurement of points not less than 13 looks And the average illuminance at points 6-9 is not less than 11.5 looks these points Must not be less than 30 looks with a minimum measurement of, flat at points 10-13 Uniform strength should not be greater than 30 looks (to avoid glare). Of illuminance Measurements must be recorded for the passenger side (1502) at points 14-26 The average illuminance at points 14-18 is 13 looks with a minimum measurement of these points. Must not be smaller and less than 80 looks, a minimum measurement of these points Is not less than 11.5 looks and the average illuminance at points 19-22 looks 30 Must not be smaller than S, and the average illuminance at points 23-26 is greater than 30 looks I have to listen. FIG. 16 schematically shows how the illuminator 10 of the present invention satisfies the above specifications. doing. A cross-sectional view of the illuminator 10 similar to the illuminator in FIG. 1 is shown, but in the car. At a distance R1 which is about 55.9 cm (22 inches) for the map light of the mirror of the part Five conventional discrete T1-3 / 4 LED14s (3) illuminate the target surface in By amber (16010) and two blue-green (1602)). T1- The points indicated by T7 typically indicate minimum and / or maximum illuminance requirements. Represents a reference point for a goal. The figure also shows complementary hues, eg blue-green (16). Two different types that emit light with 02) and amber (1603) Shows overlapping beams from the LEDs of. Multiple beams, these are LE Mixes when going out of D, producing greater illuminance and metameristic white light binary compensation Overlapping to produce a complete additive color mixture. Like the flashlight of the illuminator of the present invention Single amber LED and single blue-green LED of the types mentioned above It should be understood that it is sufficient to use a plurality of. Of course, electric self Other uses of illuminators, such as turntable headlamps, meet industrial and regular specifications. More various LEDs are needed to make up. An important criterion for an effective illuminator is that the projected light is within a reasonable operating range. It must meet the requirements for accepting white light as mentioned above. .. The complementary additive color mixture of the present invention is projected from a plurality of constituent LEDs of the illuminator. Because it depends on the overlap of the meters, each illuminator of the present invention has a well-mixed metamerism. It is important to understand that it has a minimum working distance for white light. Actually According to the LED array and the associated optics used in a given embodiment , This distance will fluctuate widely. Typically good beam mixing (and therefore good beam mixing) A balanced additive mixed light combination that produces reasonably uniform white light) with each LED Minimum operation about 10 times the average distance (1604) between multiple its closest color components Requires range (1605). This minimum operating range for good beam mixing Very dependent on application requirements and optics used, but much larger multiples It can be a perfect LED pitch interval. Incorporated into the internal rear view mirror assembly The field of the map light illuminator of the automobile of the present invention as shown in FIGS. 14 and 16. Combined, typical dimensions between multiple complementary traditional discrete T1-3 / 4 LEDs (1604) ) Is about 1.02 cm (0.4 inch), which is the best for reasonably uniform white lighting. The short distance is about 30.5 cm (12 inches). Designated items in the embodiment The markers are about 55.9 cm (22 inches) apart, so is it for uniform white lighting? The minimum operating range does not matter. The illuminator of the present invention is shorter than this specified range ( It should also be noted that the illumination is projected over a range (and beyond). However , The color and illuminance level of the projected light is typically the shorter the range. Uniform is not it. Pitch spacing between LEDs, array size of multiple LEDs in the illuminator, and The characteristics of the collimating optics and diffuser used are the structure of the illuminator beam. Determine the distribution of light. Fortunately, these are most of the far-field strength distributions. Combination, aperture, beam blocking angle, color uniformity, and effective uniform white illumination It can be adjusted to meet the minimum operating range. Electric bicycle headra In the case of a pump, the prescribed distance to effective white lighting is approximately 1.5 meters (5 feet). ), And conventional discrete LEDs are suitable as multiple LEDs in an illuminator. Deer And in the case of instrument panel display backlight, the given distance for effective uniform lighting , Approximately 0.64 cm (0.25 inch) or less, with a small F number lens set The chip-on-board LED array used will almost certainly be required. Again in Figure 16, the mixing levels of the five LEDs, as well as the illumination output, are distances. Depends on R1 (1603) and also on distance D (1604) between complementary LEDs To do. If multiple LEDs are tightly packaged with each other, the light will project relatively short Thorough mixing at a distance improves the illuminance of the beam combined with color uniformity. Multiple The pitch spacing D (1604) between the number of complementary LEDs is (Chip on Board L). Spotlight from about 0.05 cm (0.020 inch) (for ED array) Up to about 7.6 cm (3 inches) or more for various floodlight applications It can vary widely, but it is desirable to be as small as possible. Conventional discrete LEDs It often has its own one-piece optics assembly, so how much these are mutual There is a limit to how tightly it can be packaged. Used to collect the above data Five T1-3 / 4 LEDs in a row about 1.0 cm (0.4 inches) apart Was placed. Regardless of whether traditional discrete LEDs or individual dies are used Directing the light generated by the optics to the desired surface, as described above, the lens, magnifying By using one or more of sprinklers, reflectors, holographic films, etc. Should be incorporated into the luminaire assembly to affect the distribution of the generated intensity Is. For the car map light illuminators in Figures 14 to 20, Nichia's Two blue-green GaN T1-3 / 4 LEDs operating at 24.5mA , Hewlett-Packard's Three Amber TS AIInGaP T1- The 3/4 LED operated at about 35mA. Physical Opti Illuminated by cs's 10 degree embossed holographic light shaping diffuser (LSD) It was used to smooth and distribute the beam of the vessel. FIG. 17 shows the initial stage from the embodiment of the map light illuminator inside the automobile of the present invention. Each three-dimensional display of the strength distribution of is shown. Gau of this plotted face The illuminator is a monotonic function that changes smoothly with respect to the angular deflection from the primary optical axis of the illuminator. It is easily processed so as to become. In contrast, many prior art illuminators are strong. Tends to be irregular and localized vision in the target area where it is illuminated It can cause sensational distortion. Figure 18 shows the strength sentiment shown in Figure 17 for the same illuminator. It is a two-dimensional isointensity contour plot that amplifies the information. In order for LED illuminators to be efficient, as mentioned earlier, metameristic white light The beams projected from multiple LEDs are phased so that complementary color mixing occurs. Must overlap each other. In addition, the illuminator is relevant even in low ambient light conditions. To illuminate an object or surface at a distance at a light level that allows effective visual identification Sufficient strength must be projected in the desired direction. Effective visual identification is individual Requires color contrast and illuminance contrast between objects or images in This means that there is enough light for color vision to occur, i.e. photopic or mesopic conditions. Request. Photopic vision is larger than about 5 candelas / square meter (5 nits) Mesopic vision occurs when looking at an object or surface with a degree of about 0.5 candelas / square. Valid when looking at objects or surfaces with surface illuminance greater than metric (0.5 nit) Can be expected. Neutral gray, Lambert For surfaces that are ian) and have a reflectance of 50% or more, therefore about 30 le -Men / sqm (30 looks) and 3 lumens / sqm (3 lux) With the illuminance of (x), photopic and mesopic vision levels of surface illuminance occur. 1 from this aspect For illuminators that are meters less, therefore required for photopic and mesopic vision The strength is 30 candelas and 3 candelas, respectively. Strength, brightness and illumination The relationship between degrees is well known in the art and will not be discussed in more detail in the text. FIG. 19 shows the illuminance climbing of the illumination pattern projected from the illuminators of FIGS. 17 and 18. It is shown in the high figure. The data shown shows that the target distance from the illuminator is about 55.9 cm. Taken by a cosine-corrected illuminometer from a target that was (22 inches). Figure 17 , As in the values in Figures 18 and 20, the values shown are the first powers. Represents the initial value taken within about 30 seconds. Comparing Figures 19 and 15 , The illuminator of the present invention meets the requirements of automobile manufacturers for map lights of automobile internal mirrors. It indicates that it will or exceed this. Less than 30 looks depending on the manufacturer The lighting level in the external target area where is required is actually about 7 in the case of the present invention. Note that it's just looks. This is another minimum illumination requirement (80 ruts) Achieved without compromising (such as in the goal center) which must be larger than the And show the excellent directional control achieved in the present invention. This is the driver The most disturbing light for you is the incandescent light of the prior art due to the LED illuminator of the present invention. It offers a significant safety advantage of much less. This advantage requires an illuminator To a place that can be directed to the desired place and does not require very little lighting Therefore, it can also be applied to makeup mirrors, reading lamps and dome lights. Need In short, the LED illuminator of the present invention shines light where it is needed and needs this light. It is even more effective when moving away from areas that are not available. Figure 20 shows an eye with a hypothetical neutral gray Lambertian reflectance of 50%. A simplified brightness map of the elevation surface is shown. Photopic vision level of surface brightness is maintained Note the large area (2001). In the present invention, this area is In addition, the smallest size plot where the projected illumination has a metameristic white color as specified above. Match the region. For this reason, the goal is maximum color contrast and luminance contrast. Observe the best possible visual discrimination, matched in the tightest central part of the area Give to the person. The inventor said that the effective bright white lighting area (50% neutral gray target) The outside (2002) of (corresponding to the photopic level of brightness) is white We have found that it is achieved by making it slightly out of the acceptable definition of. Surprisingly, outside this area (2002), the color of the light from the illuminator is auxiliary It is not visible without equipment. This is because the brightness of the surface is mesopic from the photopic threshold. And as the condition of scotopic vision declines, the human visual ability to clearly recognize color This is because it comes off quickly. Therefore, for good color rendering and contrast White must be projected over the entire photopic vision area, and the surrounding mesopic vision It can also be valid for bright areas. But for economics (eg around the goal) Reduces the total amount of LED light of a given hue that must be generated or projected onto the area For), the illuminator has a slightly non-white color in the surrounding mesopic and scotopic vision areas. It is projected to the region (2002). Such a photopic threshold is generally associated with a surface brightness of about 5 nits or more, which is 50%. Approximately 30 looks pair to Lambert surface with neutral gray reflectance It can be converted to the corresponding "photopic illuminance threshold". 50% Neutral Gu The Leh Lambertian reflector is, in a statistical sense, the actual object and surface that is illuminated. A good reference plane for high percentiles. The electronic control unit 122 transmits the illuminance of a plurality of LEDs 14, 16 and 114 through a circuit. To excite, control, and manage. Those skilled in the art can substantially perform the same function As you can see, there are too many electronics, but Figure 21 shows the map light of a car. It shows the currently desirable circuit design. Q1 (MPSA06) and Q2 (Q2N3904) form a constant current source To. The base current of Q1 is the current limiting resistor R due to port 0 of the microprocessor. Supplied via 2, Q2 flows to R1 and therefore to D1-D3 of the amber LED Adjust the base current of Q1 to maintain a substantially constant current. This adjustment The point is set by the cut-in voltage at the base-emitter junction of Q2. Details The explanation is as follows. Port 0 of microprocessor U1 to excite D1 to D3 of the LED The voltage at must be raised. This is the base of transistor Q1 Current flowing through I_{b (Qt)}To increase. This increases the collector current of Q1 Let me. Q1 collector current I_{c (Q1)}And the current flowing from power supply V1 to D1-D3 Is substantially the same as the current flowing through R1. This is the emitter current I of Q1_{E (}_Q1)Is its collector current I_{c (Q1)}And base current I_{B (Q1)}Equal to the sum of The flow is substantially smaller than the collector current (typically by a factor of 100). this child When Can also be expressed in the following equation form (Equation 9-11). I_{E (Q1)}= I_{C (Q1)}+ I_{B (Q1)} [9] I_{B (Q1)}&lt;&lt; I_{C (Q1)} [Ten] I_{E (Q1)} I_{C (Q1)} [11] As the current flowing through R1 increases, the voltage at the base of Q2 increases. Q2 Base-emitter cut-in voltage V_{BE (Q1)}Once you reach, Q2 Current I_{B (Q1)}Begins to increase exponentially, which is further the collector current I of Q2_{c (Q2)}of Cause an increase. Q2 divides the current from the base of Q1 and collects the current of Q1. To prevent further increase in. The LED current is approximately V according to Equation 12._{BE (Q2)}/ R Set to 1 amp. I_{C (Q1)} V_{BE (Q2)}/ R1 [12] (Approximately 36mA at 25 degrees Celsius, V_BE= 0.68V, and R = 19 ohms) R1 If the current flowing through the circuit decreases for some reason, the voltage at R1 decreases and the voltage at Q2 decreases. Reduce the base current and even its collector current. This is my via R2 Allow more current supplied by the cross processor U1 to flow to the base of Q1 , This will increase the collector and emitter currents of Q1. this That is, it tries to return the R1 current, and therefore the current flowing through D1-D3, to its original value. .. The emitter-base cut-in voltage of a silicon transistor such as Q2 is about 2.5 mV / Kelvin degree rate (ΔV_{BE (Q2)}) Decreases, so the emitter of Q1 The current flowing through the collector and D1-D3 is about (ΔV)_{BE (Q2)}/ R1) Amps / Ke It will decrease at a rate of rubin degree (in this case, about 132 μA / Kelvin degree). Q3 (MPSA06) and Q4 (Q2N3904) form different constant current sources To be done. The base current of Q3 is the microprocessor's base current via the current limiting resistor R4. Supplied by port 1 (P1). Q4 follows R3, so blue-green LED D Adjust the base current of Q3 to maintain a substantially constant current flowing through 4-D5 To do. The operation of this current source is with the current source that drives the amber LED (D1-D3). It is virtually the same. In this design, two current sources are used: blue-green L Allows different maximum current ratings for ED and amber LEDs and is independent Allows utility cycle control and thus two color illumination intensities. Some uses , Use a single current source or a simple current limiting resistor, and / or) blue-green L It may allow ED and amber LEDs to be connected in series. A series of required number of LEDs If the forward drop of the string is too close to the supply voltage, then multiple current sources will also May be required. Such temperature-dependent current drive puts the LED under normal (low temperature) conditions. It is driven by the maximum forward current or a current very close to it, and even if the temperature rises, L There is no risk of overloading the ED. Figure 22 shows the desired amber LED. Specified maximum forward current vs. temperature plot (2201), as well as the circuit described above. Exponentially determined forward current vs. temperature probe for LEDs of the present invention in (2202) is shown. As you can see, the LED is about 4 at -40 ° C It can operate at 2mA, about 36mA at 25 ° C, and 31mA at 85 ° C. others Therefore, the LED operates very close to its maximum forward current at low temperatures, said times. The path keeps the forward current of LEDs D1-D5 within specifications when the temperature rises to 85 ° C. Automatically adjust to stop. Therefore, we decided to use the circuit shown in FIG. More, when the illuminator is mainly used (typically the coldest at night), the minimum surroundings During the period of light, the output from the LED is maximized and the maximum ambient light, i.e. the illuminator, is one. Decreased in daylight when not in general use (typically the hottest during the day). The cost required to maximize the profit of LED illuminators and achieve this profit And to minimize complexity, the LED has its maximum tolerance for the main temperature conditions. It is very important to operate at or very close to the capacity current rating. The resulting thermal over-negative of these LEDs when operated at high operating temperatures One traditional way to avoid loading is to specify the LED at the maximum specified operating temperature. 2 at a constant current set at a relatively low level within a certain level, for example 80 ° C At 5mA, it was to permanently mitigate the LED to work. But, This is L without damaging the LEDs when larger capacity circuits are used. At low temperatures when it is relatively difficult to drive the ED (and the output is relatively high) The lighting output was significantly reduced. Another traditional method is to measure the ambient temperature and automatically reduce the LED at relatively high temperatures. I used a thermistor for the circuit, which complicates the circuit design and, more importantly, , Has substantially increased the cost of the circuit. In the circuit of the present invention, the maximum permissible LED output is achieved at all operating temperatures, which is relatively multiple. Approximately 70% increase in lighting output at typical night temperatures compared to non-cluttered circuits A new, inexpensive (and therefore commercially feasible) way to ensure that it is achieved. To. LEDs have a typical incandescent operating current of about 0.35 amps or more, many amps. It has a much lower operating current of about 30-70mA. This relatively low operating power The flow is a metal oxide silicon field effect transistor required for electronic control circuits for incandescent lamps. Much cheaper than Gista (MOSFET), cheaper such as MPSA06 Allows Ipolar Transistors Q1-Q4 to be used for LED drivers To do. In addition to the reduced production cost, the bipolar transistor of the present invention has a peripheral The LED is automatically reduced when the ambient temperature rises. Microprocessor U1 from LED D1-D5, as those skilled in the art will realize You can manage and manipulate the output of. For example, remove any voltage from port 0 By doing so, the base voltage for Q1 becomes zero, and the light emitted from D1-D3 Only the light emitted from D4-D5 will illuminate the interior of the vehicle. Similarly, the voltage from port 1 can be removed and only amber light is inside the vehicle. It will illuminate the part. More importantly, the basis for Q1 and Q3 LED D1-D3 or D4-D by modulating each phase current The emission of any of 5 can be modulated by the microprocessor U1. Further Also, blue-green light (or different LEDs are selected according to the above metameristic teachings Amber generated from D1-D3 for the amount of (other combinations) if done The "quantity" of light is simply to control the modulation of the voltage from port 0 and port 1. Therefore, it can be changed. Control of this ratio is a characteristic inside the vehicle, eg For example, the color and size are slightly different from the illuminator to maintain maximum readability. It is especially important in map lights because it guarantees a "white" color emission. Pa By allowing loose width modulation, the circuit design makes the modulated data non-volatile. Memory U2 (Electrically Erasable Programmable Read-Only Memory (EEPR) Store in OM)), and depending on the vehicle to which the mirror assembly is mounted Allows easy changes. Furthermore, the time series multiplexization is D1-D. Allows you to quickly turn 3 and D4-D5 on and off one by one, resulting in Make sure these are never really at the same time. The lighting generated in this way is a person In an illuminator where the time constant of the visual response between is slow and the human eye is rapidly and sequentially excited. Depends on the inability to recognize the rapidly changing colors of the illumination projected by the complementary LED Naturally, it is achromatic and effective. In the case of the LED illuminator, when the LED is blooming The on / off time is very fast and the sequential frequency is Can be very expensive. Additive color mixing occurs, and therefore from two additive color components of color mixing Light from vehicle illuminators looks white, even with a small time delay between the presence of lights To. In addition to color manipulation, the microprocessor U1 LEs for the purpose of thermal mitigation The D current can be pulse width modulated. Internal or external temperature measuring means (TH) The microprocessor U1 equipped with 1) is "software-controlled temperature compensation Shown by the curve (2203) in Figure 22 displayed as "Design Current for" LE to follow the manufacturer's specified current rating very accurately at each temperature D current can be modulated. For thermal mitigation of microprocessor control The current limiting means is greater than or equal to the maximum design current for software control Or it must provide a current equal to this. Amba in the case of Figure 22 -For LEDs D1-D3, the current limiting means provide at least 48mA There must be. This changes the value of R1 in Figure 21 to 14 ohms. Need to be. At 70 degrees Celsius, the microprocessor U1 has an index table. Average using other means to determine the proper duty cycle The current flow through D1-D3 in Figure 21 to reduce the current to a safe level. Ruth width modulation is started. Alternatively, R1 in FIG. 21 is smaller than the manufacturer's limit. Set to 10 ohms for 68mA drive current to maintain average current , Duty cycle can be set to 70%. As you can see, The desired average current as long as the drive current does not exceed the LED manufacturer's peak current rating. Infinite number of currents and duty cycles that can be used to maintain of There is a combination. The present invention has been described in detail for a rearview mirror incorporating an illuminator. .. However, those skilled in the art will find that the illuminators of the present invention are dome lights, makeup mirror lights, etc. Headlamps, as well as engine and trunk compartment lights You will find that it is used for other vehicle applications such as. Assembling the illuminator according to the present invention The dome light assembly or decorative mirror assembly to be included is the housing and one or more. The lens and the electronic control device according to the teaching of the text will be provided. housing Minor modifications to lenses and electronic controls will be apparent to those skilled in the art. In addition to vehicle embodiments, the present invention provides high efficiency, high reliability, long life, low In a non-vehicle embodiment that requires a compact and effective white light illuminator with voltage It is used without departing from the teachings of the text. Such uses A flashlight in your hand, a head or hell for mining or mountaineering, to name a few Lamps to attach to the mat, work lighting for volatile environments where explosions are dangerous, upper building Illuminators that are difficult to maintain areas such as, in emergencies that are automatically urged in commercial buildings Includes lighting or backup lighting, and microscope stage lights. again, Small modifications to housings, lenses and electronic controls will be apparent to those skilled in the art And therefore, the use of these vehicle and non-vehicle illuminators is in the present invention. It should be understood that it falls within the scope. The present invention has been described in detail in the text according to its preferred embodiments. Many modifications, without substantially deviating from the novel teachings and advantages of the present invention. And changes are possible by those skilled in the art. Therefore, all such amendments are claims. It should be included within the scope of the invention as set forth in, and is therefore indicated in the text. Not by the details and means of describing the embodiments, but only by the claims. It should be limited. Within the claims, the description of the device and function is equal. It is intended to include the structures described in the text as carrying out the construction. This For this reason, nails use a cylindrical surface that holds wooden parts together, while screws use wooden parts. In the point that the spiral surface is used in the fixing environment and the nail and the screw have an equal structure. And nails and screws are not structural equalities.