Method and apparatus for providing a cone of silence in a cellular communication system
Abstract
(57) [Summary] In a communication network, the remote unit (125) is at least one base station (B).1A) To communicate with another user. The network consists of multiple base stations (B) controlled by a single mobile exchange center (MSC-I).1A-B1F). Multiple base stations (B1A-B1E) Each base station transmits an identifying pilot signal. Auxiliary antennas (130) transmit silent area identification pilot signals, defining areas where communication is prohibited between a set of base stations and their remote units (125). Its remote unit (125) is a proximity set base station (B)2A-B2E), The signal strength of the set of identification pilot signals is measured, and the signal strength of the silent area identification pilot signal is measured. The remote unit (125) is the first base station (B) with which the remote unit (125) has established communication.1A) To send the pilot intensity measurement report to the Mobile Exchange Center (MSC-I). Remote unit (125) and 1st base station (B)1AThe handoff of communication established between) begins when the pilot intensity measurement report contains an entry corresponding to the silent area identification pilot signal.

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- 1【特許請求の範囲】 1.遠隔ユニットが少なくとも1つの基地局を介して別のユーザと通信する通 信するネットワークにおいて、 前記ネットワークが移動交換センターによって制御される複数の基地局を含み 、 複数の基地局のセットと前記遠隔ユニットの間の通信が指定された周波数で禁 じられる領域を画定するための方法であって、 識別パイロット信号を前記複数の基地局のそれぞれから送信するステップと、 無音地域識別パイロット信号を補助アンテナから送信するステップと、 前記遠隔ユニットで、近接する基地局のセットに対応する識別パイロット信号 のセットの信号強度を測定するステップと、 前記遠隔ユニットで、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号の信号強度を測定する ステップと、 前記遠隔ユニットが、通信を確立している第1の基地局を介して前記移動交換 センターにパイロット強度測定レポートを報告するステップであって、前記パイ ロット強度測定レポートが、所定のしきい値を超える信号強度を有する測定済み パイロットオフセットのリストを含むステップと、 前記パイロット強度測定レポートが、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号に対応 するエントリを含む場合に、前記遠隔ユニットと前記第1基地局の間で前記確立 された通信のハンドオフを開始するステップと を備えることを特徴とする方法。 2.請求項1記載の方法において、 さらに、前記複数の基地局のそれぞれから1つの共通したパイロットシーケン スを送信するステップを含み、前記複数の基地局のそれぞれが、前記識別パイロ ット信号を提供するように、識別チャネルオフセットで前記共通パイロットシー ケンスを送信することを特徴とする方法。 3.請求項1記載の方法において、 前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、パイロットビーコン装置によって生成さ れることを特徴とする方法。 4.請求項1記載の方法において、 さらに、 アクティブ通信が確立される各基地局に対応するエントリを含むアクティブな 基地局のリストを前記遠隔ユニットに記憶するステップと、 それを通してアクティブな通信は可能である場合があるが、確立されていない 各基地局に対応するエントリを含む候補基地局のリストを前記遠隔ユニットで記 憶するステップと、 前記候補基地局のリストがその中から選択される近接基地局のリストを前記遠 隔ユニットに記憶し、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号に対応する少なくとも1 つのエントリを備えるステップと、 を備えることを特徴とする方法。 5.請求項4記載の方法において、 近接基地局の前記リストが、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号に対応する一連 の連続エントリを備えることを特徴とする方法。 6.請求項1記載の方法において、 さらに、前記移動交換センター内のアクティブ通信制御装置によって通信の前 記ハンドオフを指揮する(direct)ステップを備え、前記アクティブ通信 制御装置が、前記遠隔ユニットが通信を確立したすべての基地局と通信すること ができることを特徴とする方法。 7.請求項6記載の方法において、 前記アクティブ通信制御装置がセレクタであることを特徴とする方法。 8.請求項6記載の方法において、 さらに、前記アクティブ通信制御装置によって、試行されなければならないハ ンドオフのタイプを判断するステップを備えることを特徴とする方法。 9.請求項8記載の前記ハンドオフのタイプが、第2周波数で代替変調技術を 使用して動作中の前記第1基地局に対する第1周波数でコード分割多重アクセス (CDMA)を使用して前記遠隔ユニットと通信している前記第1基地局からの ハンドオフであることを特徴とする方法。 10.請求項9記載の方法において、 前記代替変調技術が周波数変調(FM)であることを特徴とする方法。 11.請求項9記載の方法において、 前記代替変調技術が時分割多重アクセス(TDMA)であることを特徴とする 方法。 12.請求項8記載の方法において、 講じられなければならない前記処置タイプが、CDMAを使用して前記遠隔ユ ニットと第1周波数で通信中の前記第1基地局からCDMAを使用して第2周波 数で通信中の前記第1基地局へのハンドオフであることを特徴とする方法。 13.請求項4記載の方法において、 さらに、アクティブ基地局の前記リストに基づき開始されなければならない処 置のタイプを決定するステップを備えることを特徴とする方法。 14.請求項4記載の方法において、 さらに、アクティブ基地局の前記リストと候補基地局の前記リストに基づき開 始されなければならないハンドオフのタイプを決定するステップを備えることを 特徴とする方法。 15.請求項4記載の方法において、 さらに、アクティブ基地局の前記リストと、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号 が受信される符号位相に基づき開始されなければならないハンドオフのタイプを 決定するステップを備えることを特徴とする方法。 16.請求項1記載の方法において、 前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、第2所定しきい値を超える場合に前記開 始するステップが実行されることを特徴とする方法。 17.請求項2記載の方法において、 前記遠隔ユニットが擬似ランダム雑音(PN)シーケンスによって拡散される スペクトラム拡散信号を使用して前記第1基地局と通信し、前記識別チャネルオ フセットがPNチップ単位で指定されることを特徴とする方法。 18.請求項1記載の方法において、 前記補助アンテナから2地点間信号を送信するステップを含み、前記2地点間 信号が、前記遠隔ユニットと通信するために前記通信ネットワークによって 使用される信号ではないことを特徴とする方法。 19.請求項18記載の方法において、 前記2地点間信号と前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、共通周波数で共通カ バレージエリア内で動作することを特徴とする方法。 20.請求項18記載の方法において、 前記2地点間信号が、前記無音地域識別パイロット信号を送信するために使用 される通信ネットワーク順方向リンク周波数バンドに対応する通信ネットワーク 逆方向リンク周波数バンドで動作することを特徴とする方法。 21.請求項18記載の方法において、 前記2地点間信号が2つの異なる周波数で動作する双方向リンクであり、その 各リンクが通信ネットワーク逆方向リンク周波数バンドで動作し、前記無音地域 識別パイロット信号が、前記2つの通信ネットワーク逆方向リンク周波数バンド の内の1つに対応する通信ネットワーク順方向リンク周波数バンドで動作するこ とを特徴とする方法。 22.請求項1記載の方法において、 前記補助アンテナが2地点間信号を送信するために使用される2地点間アンテ ナと一所に置かれ、前記補助アンテナが、前記2地点間アンテナによって作成さ れるカバレージエリアに大幅に重ならない保護周波数帯カバレージエリアを提供 することを特徴とする方法。 23.請求項22記載の方法において、 第2補助アンテナが前記2地点間アンテナと一所に置かれ、前記第2補助アン テナが、前記2地点間アンテナによって作成される前記カバレージエリアに大幅 に重ならない第2保護周波数帯カバレージエリアを提供し、前記保護周波数帯カ バレージエリアと前記第2保護周波数帯カバレージエリアが、前記2地点間アン テナによって作成される前記カバレージエリアの両側に位置することを特徴とす る方法。 24.請求項1記載の方法において、 前記補助アンテナが2地点間送信機と一所に置かれ、さらに、第2補助アンテ ナから、第2無音地域識別パイロット信号を送信するステップを備え、前記 第2補助アンテナが、前記2地点間送信機によって送信される2地点間信号を受 信するための2地点間受信機と一所に置かれることを特徴とする方法。 25.前記複数の基地局のそれぞれが、擬似ランダム雑音(PN)シーケンス によって拡散される1つの共通したパイロットシーケンスを送信し、前記複数の 基地局のそれぞれが、PNチップ単位で指定される識別チャネルオフセットで前 記共通パイロットシーケンスを送信して前記識別パイロット信号を提供する、請 求項24に記載される方法。 26.前記識別チャネルオフセットが、全システムに及ぶパイロットシーケン スオフセットインデックス増分のすべての倍数(multiples)であり、 前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、連続する一連の前記識別チャネルオフセッ トと対応する、請求項25に記載される方法。 27.前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成 され、前記第2無音地域識別パイロット信号が前記第1識別チャネルオフセット で生成される、請求項25に記載される方法。 28.前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成 され、前記第2無音地域識別パイロット信号が前記識別チャネルオフセットで生 成される、請求項25に記載される方法。 29.前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、パイロットビーコン装置で生成さ れる、請求項28に記載される方法。 30.前記補助アンテナが、2地点間送信機と一所に置かれ、さらに、第2補 助アンテナから、第2無音地域識別パイロット信号を送信するステップを含み、 前記第2補助アンテナが、第2の2地点間送信機と一所に置かれる、請求項1に 記載される方法。 31.前記複数の基地局のそれぞれが、PNチップ単位で指定される識別チャ ネルオフセットで前記共通パイロットシーケンスを送信して前記識別パイロット 信号を提供する、擬似ランダム雑音(PN)シーケンスによって拡散される1つ の共通したパイロットシーケンスを前記複数の基地局のそれぞれから送信する請 求項30に記載される方法。 32.前記識別チャネルオフセットが、全システムに及ぶパイロットシーケ ンスオフセットインデックス増分のすべての倍数であり、前記無音地域識別パイ ロット信号が、連続する一連の前記識別チャネルオフセットと対応する、請求項 31に記載される方法。 33.前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、第1識別チャネルで生成され、前 記第2無音領域識別パイロット信号が、前記第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成 される、請求項32に記載される方法。 34.前記無音地域識別パイロット信号が、第1識別チャネルオフセットで生 成され、前記第2無音地域識別パイロット信号が、第2識別チャネルオフセット で生成される、請求項30に記載される方法。 35.前記第2無音領域識別パイロット信号が、パイロットビーコン装置によ って生成される、請求項34に記載される方法。 36.さらに、 中間中継器で前記無音地域識別パイロット信号を受信するステップと、 前記無音地域識別無音地域パイロット信号を前記中間中継器から再送信するス テップと、 を備える、請求項1に記載される方法。 37.前記中継器が、時分割デュプレックス中継器である、請求項36に記載 される方法。 38.通信システムの領域を設計するための機器であって、前記通信システム が別のユーザと通信するために少なくとも1つの遠隔ユニットによって使用され 、前記通信システムが、それぞれが識別パイロット信号を送信する複数の基地局 を具備し、遠隔ユニットが、近接セットの基地局に対応する識別パイロット信号 のセットの信号強度を測定し、パイロット強度測定メッセージを、通信が確立さ れる第1基地局を介して移動交換センターに報告し、前記機器が、 地域識別パイロット信号を生成するためのパイロットビーコン装置と、 前記2地点間信号が、前記少なくとも1つの遠隔ユニットと通信するために、 前記通信システムによって使用される信号ではない、前記地域識別パイロット信 号と2地点間信号を送信するためのアンテナシステムと、 を含む機器。 39.前記2地点間信号と前記地域識別パイロット信号が、1つの共通周波数 で前記アンテナシステムによって作成される1つの共通カバレージエリアで動作 する、請求項38に記載される機器。 40.前記2地点間信号が、前記通信システムの逆方向リンク周波数内にある 周波数で動作し、前記領域識別パイロット信号が、前記逆方向リンク周波数バン ドで対応する順方向リンク周波数バンド内にある周波数で動作する、請求項38 に記載される機器。 41.前記2地点間信号と前記地域識別パイロット信号が、前記アンテナシス テムによって作成される1つの共通したカバレージエリアで動作する、請求項4 0に記載される機器。 42.前記2地点間信号が2つの異なる周波数で動作する双方向リンクの一部 であり、その各リンクが通信システム逆方向リンク周波数バンドで動作し、前記 地域識別パイロット信号が、前記通信システム逆方向リンク周波数バンドの内の 1つに対応する通信システム順方向リンク周波数で動作する、請求項38に記載 される機器。 43.前記2地点間信号と前記領域識別パイロット信号が、前記アンテナシス テムによって作成される1つの共通した領域で動作する、請求項42に記載され る機器。 44.前記アンテナシステムが、第1カバレージエリア上で前記2地点間信号 を送信するために使用される2地点間アンテナと、前記2地点間アンテナによっ て作成される前記カバレージエリアからオフセットされる第1保護周波数帯カバ レージエリア上で前記領域識別パイロット信号を送信するために使用されるパイ ロット信号アンテナを備える、アンテナのセットである、請求項38に記載され る機器。 45.前記アンテナシステムが、前記2地点間アンテナによって作成される前 記カバレージエリアからオフセットされる前記保護周波数帯カバレージエリアで 第2地域識別パイロット信号を送信するために使用される第2パイロット信号ア ンテナを備え、前記第1保護周波数帯カバレージエリアと前記第2保護周波数帯 カバレージエリアが、前記2地点間アンテナによって作成される前記 カバレージエリアの両側に位置する、請求項44に記載される機器。 46.前記複数の基地局のそれぞれが、擬似ランダム雑音(PN)シーケンス によって拡散される1つの共通したパイロットシーケンスを送信し、前記複数の 基地局のそれぞれが、前記識別パイロット信号を提供するように、PNチップ単 位で指定される識別チャネルオフセットで前記共通パイロットシーケンスを送信 する、請求項45に記載される機器。 47.前記識別するチャネルオフセットが、システム全体パイロットシーケン スオフセットインデックス増分のすべての倍数であり、前記地域識別パイロット 信号が、連続する一連の前記識別チャネルオフセットと対応する、請求項46に 記載される機器。 48.前記地域識別パイロット信号が、第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成さ れ、前記第2領域識別パイロット信号が、前記第1識別パイロット信号が、前記 第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成される、請求項46に記載される機器。 49.前記地域識別パイロット信号が、第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成さ れ、前記第2地域識別パイロット信号が、第2識別チャネルオフセットで生成さ れる、請求項46に記載される機器。 50.さらに、第2地域識別パイロット信号を送信し、前記アンテナシステム によって送信される前記2地点間信号を受信するための前記第2アンテナを具備 する、請求項38に記載される機器。 51.前記複数の基地局のそれぞれが、擬似ランダム雑音(PN)シーケンス によって拡散される1つの共通したパイロットシーケンスを送信し、前記複数の 基地局のそれぞれが、前記識別パイロット信号を提供するように、PNチップ単 位で指定される識別チャネルオフセットで前記共通パイロットシーケンスを送信 する、請求項50に記載される機器。 52.前記識別チャネルオフセットが、システム全体パイロットシーケンスオ フセットインデックス増分のすべての倍数であり、前記地域識別パイロット信号 が、連続する一連の前記識別チャネルオフセットと対応する、請求項51に記載 される機器。 53.前記地域識別パイロット信号が、第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成 され、前記第2地域識別パイロット信号が前記第1識別チャネルオフセットで生 成される、請求項51に記載される機器。 54.前記地域識別パイロット信号が第1識別チャネルオフセットで生成され 、前記第2地域識別パイロット信号が、第2識別チャネルオフセットで生成され る、請求項51に記載される機器。 55.前記領域識別パイロット信号が、パイロットビーコン装置によって生成 される、請求項50に記載される機器。 56.さらに、前記地域識別パイロット信号を受信する中間中継器を具備し、 前記中間中継器から前記地域識別無音地域パイロット信号を再送信する、請求項 38に記載される機器。 57.前記中継器が、時分割デュプレックス中継器である、請求項56に記載 される機器。
2 paragraphs, as filed
Description: TECHNICAL FIELD [Detailed description of the invention]
Methods and Equipment for Providing Cone of Silence in Cellular Communication Systems Background of the invention I. Field of invention The present invention generally relates to a cellular communication system in which a plurality of base stations are arranged. In particular, new for handing off communication between base stations in different cellular systems Regarding improved technology. II. Explanation of related technologies Code division multiple access (CDMA system: code division multiple occess) Modulation technology facilitates communication in the presence of a large number of system users Is one of the technologies for. Time division multiplex access method (TD) as another technical district MA) and frequency division multiple access (FDMA) are known, but CDMA The scheme has significant advantages over these modulation techniques. Multiple access communication system The use of the CDMA scheme in is made by the applicant of the present invention and its disclosure is referenced. "Expanding the spectrum using satellite or terrestrial repeaters" as incorporated herein. SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPL E ACCESS COMMUNICATION SYSTEM USING SA TELLITE OR TERRESTRIAL REPEATERS) " U.S. Patent No. 4, It is disclosed in No. 901,307. This patent covers the majority of transfers, each with a transceiver (remote unit). Users of mobile telephone systems use CDMA spread spectrum communication signals to satellite Communicate through repeaters or ground base stations (also known as base stations or cell sites) , Multi-dimensional access technology is disclosed. According to the CDMA system, frequency spectrum Can be reused multiple times. According to such a CDMA system, other Much higher spectral efficiency compared to multi-dimensional access technology, thereby This has the effect of increasing the capacity of system users. Traditional FM cellular systems used in the United States are generally amplifiers. (AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone Serv) Called ice), AeA Standard EIA / TIA-533 "Mobile Station-Ground Station" Compatibility Specifications (Mobile Station-Land Station Com Explained in detail in the patibility Specification .. In such a conventional FM cellular telephone system, the frequency bar that can be used The band is typically split into channels with a bandwidth of 30 kHz (kHz). Is done. And system service areas vary geographically in size. It may be divided into base station coverage areas. Also, the above usable frequencies Several channels are divided into sets. That frequency set interferes with the same channel Is assigned to the coverage area to minimize the possibility of For example , 7 frequency sets, coverage area is a hexagon of comparable size Consider the system. In this case the frequency set used in one coverage area Will not be used in the 6 closest adjacent coverage areas .. In a traditional cellular system, the remote unit covers two different base stations. To allow the communication connection to continue even when crossing the boundary of the area , Use a handoff scheme. In the AMPS system, The signal strength received from the remote unit by the receiver in the active base station is a predetermined value. Based on receiving a notification that the value has fallen below a low value, another base station has sent another base station. Handoff to the local station begins. The signal strength is reduced because the remote unit is the base station. Indicates that you are near the coverage area boundary. Signal strength level sets a given threshold When it falls below the active base station, the base station adjacent to the system controller is present. Whether to receive a remote unit signal with a signal strength that is preferable to that of the existing base station Ask to decide. The system controller then responds to inquiries from active base stations. , Send a message to the adjacent base station with a handoff request. Active group Each of the base stations adjacent to the ground station is a remote uni on the channel on which it is operating. Use a special scanning receiver that searches for signals from the computer. Adjacent group When one of the geostations reports the appropriate signal level to the system controller, For its adjacent base station, which is now named the target base station A handoff is attempted. Then the handoff is used at the target base station Started by selecting an idle channel from a set of channels .. Control messages are sent to the remote unit and from the current channel to it. Order to switch to a new channel supported by the target base station Order. At the same time, the system controller connects the line from the active base station. -Switch to Get Base Station. This process is called hard handoff. " The term "hard" is a special feature of the handoff "break before make" Used to characterize the symptom. In traditional systems, if the handoff to the target base station is unsuccessful, The line connection is dropped, that is, disconnected. Hard handoff failure occurs There are many reasons for. First, the idle channel that can be used at the target base station If there is no such thing, the handoff can fail. The handoff is virtually the basis Another station using the same channel to actually communicate with a distant base station When receiving a remote unit signal, one of the adjacent base stations is remote It also fails when reporting the reception of a signal from the unit. This reporting error occurred Then, the signal strength from the wrong base station, usually the actual remote unit, drives the communication. The result is that the line connection is transferred to a base station that is inadequate to carry. further, If the remote unit cannot receive the command to switch channels, c The end-off fails. According to actual operation experience, handoff failures occur frequently. Then, the reliability of the system will be significantly reduced. Another common problem with traditional AMPS systems is that remote units Occurs when staying near the boundary between two coverage areas for a long time. This In this situation, the signal level will change as the remote unit repositions, or Other reflective or damped objects in the Baresi area reposition As it goes on, it tends to fluctuate with respect to each base station. Signal level fluctuates And repeated requests to hand off calls here and there between the two base stations The "Taraimawashi" condition that is made may occur. like this Calls are inadvertently disconnected due to additional unnecessary handoffs Probability increases. In addition, repeated handoffs, even if successful, signal May adversely affect quality. According to the applicant of this patent application, "Softphone for communication in CDMA cellular telephone system Methods and systems for providing soft handoff (ME) THOD AND SYSTEM FOR PROVIDING A SOFT HA NDOFF IN COMMUNICATIONS IN A CDMA CELLU LAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM), US Pat. No. 5,101, Issue 501 (issued March 31, 1992) during a CDMA call handoff Methods and systems for providing communication with remote units through multiple base stations Will be disclosed. Use this method of handoff communication in a cellular system So communication is by handoff from the active base station to the target base station It will not be interrupted. This handoff method communicates with the first active base station. Confirm parallel communication with the target base station that will become the second active base station before the end of communication It may be considered a "soft" handoff in that it stands up. Further improved soft handoff technology by the applicant of this patent application 261 No. patent, that is, "CDMA Cellular Communication" issued on November 30, 1993. Soft handoff (MOBILESTA) assisted by mobile stations in the communication system TION ASSISTED SOFT HAND OFF IN A CDMA C ELLULAR COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM) ", US It is disclosed in National Patent No. 5,267,261. With the system of No. 261 patent The soft handoff process is transmitted by each base station in the system " Controlled based on measurements of the strength of the "pilot" signal on the remote unit .. These pilot intensity measurements are viable base station hando Assist the soft handoff process by facilitating the identification of candidates. More specifically, in the system of patent No. 261 the remote units are adjacent. Monitor the signal strength of the pilot signal from the base station. Of the adjacent base station The coverage area is the coverage area of the base station where active communication is established. It is not necessary to actually touch the border. Pyro from one of the adjacent base stations If the measured signal strength of the signal exceeds the specified threshold, the remote unit Sends a signal strength message to the system controller via the active base station Believe. The system controller refers to the target base station with the remote unit. Command the remote unit to establish communication and over the active base station , Simultaneous communication through the target base station while maintaining communication with the active base station Order to establish faith. This process continues for additional base stations there is a possibility. The signal strength of the pilot corresponding to one base station with which the remote unit is communicating When below a certain level, the remote unit is system-coordinated via the active base station. Report the measured signal strength of the base station to the controller. That system The controller maintains communication through one or more other active base stations. On the other hand, the specified base station so as to terminate the communication through the specified base station And send a command message to the remote unit. This technology is the same cellular system controlled by the same system controller Suitable for transferring calls between base stations within the system, but with a remote unit in another cellular When moving to a coverage area serviced by Stem's base station A further problem arises. One multiple in such a "system-to-system" handoff A miscellaneous factor is that each system is controlled by a separate system controller. , Usually between the base station of the first system and the system controller of the second system , And vice versa, that there is no direct link. The two The stem thereby allows multiple remote unit communications during the handoff process. It will not be executed through the base station. Intersystem phosphorus between two systems Even when the presence of a key can be used to facilitate inter-system soft handoff , The difference in characteristics between the two systems is, in most cases, a soft handoff pro Make Seth even more complicated. When resources are unavailable to perform intersystem soft handoffs From a system, if continuous service must be maintained The "hard" handoff of connecting a line to another system is critical. Between systems End-off is a location where the transfer of line connections between systems is successful. And it has to be done at once. For example, hand off only when: The result is that you have to try. (i) When an idle channel is available at the target base station. (ii) When the remote station is within the range of the target station and the active base station Ki. (iii) The remote station receives a command for it to switch channels. When in a guaranteed position, and Ideally, such a hard handoff between systems would be a variety of systems. Minimize the possibility of "bringing" handoff requests between base stations Must be carried out. These and other disadvantages of existing inter-system handoff technology are As the quality of ruler communication deteriorates and the number of competing cellular systems continues to increase It is believed to further reduce performance. Therefore, of various systems Intersystem handoff technology that ensures call handoff between base stations It is requested. Outline of the invention The present invention is a method and device for identifying an area within a communication network. .. In particular, the cone of silence is a microwave between two points. It is built around the mark. Cone of silence detects pilot signals A pilot signal that functions as a reference signal for a remote unit. is there. Remote unit detects pilot signal corresponding to cone of silence When reporting, the system controller is capable of having its pilot signal ( viable) Display of cone of silence rather than candidate pilot signal Know that. The system controller is a cone of silence pilot signal Use the reception of as a cause to initiate a hard handoff. Other types Handoffs may be performed, but usually hard Off is a handoff of different frequencies from CDMA to CDMA in the system .. The cone of silence pilot signal does not specifically correspond to any base station I. Normally, the cone of silence pilot signal is a microwave link between two points. Provides a directional microwave antenna and a pilot beacon device placed in one place Generated by. Two different cones of sirens that can be used There is a topology. In the first topology, the narrow transmission band is a microwave between two points. Protect both sides of the link. In the second topology, the cone of silence spirot The signal and the two-point microwave link actually overlap the same coverage area. .. A brief description of the drawing The features, objectives, and advantages of the present invention, when interpreted with the drawings, are as follows: It will become clearer from the detailed explanation given in. Figure 1 is an exemplary diagram of a cellular WLL, PCS or wireless PBX system. Ri, Figure 2 shows by the 1st (MSC-I) and 2nd (MSC-II) mobile exchange centers. It has a first cellular system and a second cellular system that are controlled respectively. Indicates a cellular communication network, Figure 3 shows a two-point microwave link between two directional microwave antennas. Indicates a cellular communication system that is located in the same location Figure 4A shows a highly idealized representation of the hard handoff area of an FM system. Show, Figure 4B shows the hard and soft handoff areas of a CDMA system. Shows a highly idealized expression of Figure 4C shows hands that support different frequency handoffs from CDMA to CDMA. It has a highly idealized representation of the off-region and Figure 5 shows a set of internal, transition, and second system base stations, remote unit. Used to demonstrate the functionality of a measurement-oriented hard handoff table, Figure 6 shows the antenna pattern of a base station divided into three sectors. Figure 7 shows the use of detection rules in the same frequency handoff from CDMA to CDMA. Show, Figure 8 shows the detection rules for different frequency handoffs from CDMA to CDMA. Show the way, Figure 9 shows a configuration that provides different frequency handoffs from CDMA to CDMA. Indicates two base stations located in the same location, Figure 10 shows a system that provides services from a CDMA system using another technology. Indicates a handoff to the stem, Figure 11 shows a CDMA to CD using a single base station divided into multiple sectors. Demonstrates an alternative configuration that provides different frequency handoffs to the MA, FIG. 12 is a block diagram of a base station based on the conventional technology constituting the reception diversity. And Figure 13 shows the boundaries with transmit diversity to create path diversity. It is a block diagram of the base station, Figure 14 shows base stations co-located to perform a hard handoff. Represents the purpose Figure 15 shows the overlap of coverage areas to perform a hard handoff. Represents the use of closely placed base stations with multiple parts Figure 16 shows a CDMA system crossed by a microwave link between two points. Shows the use of the "Corn of Silence", and Figure 17 shows the Corn of Silence Coverage Area and Microwave Link Coverage. -The area is crossed by a two-point microwave link that is virtually the same Shows the use of "cone of silence" in CDMA systems. Example Cellular system, wireless exchange (PBX) system, wireless city line (WLL), pa -Sonal Computer System (PCS) system, or something similar An exemplary diagram of a wireless communication system is provided in Figure 1. In the alternative embodiment, the figure One base station may be satellite-based. System illustrated in Figure 1 To facilitate communication between the majority of remote units and multiple base stations It may show a variety of multi-dimensional access modulation techniques. Time division multiplex access method (TD MA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Code Division Multiple Access (MA) CDMA), and Amplitude Modulation (AM) schemes such as Amplitude Compression Single Wave Band Numerous multiple access communication system techniques are known in the technology. However, CDM Spread spectrum modulation techniques in A are these modulations for multiple access communication systems. It has an important advantage over technique. CDMA in multiple access communication systems The use of the technique has been assigned to the assignee of the present invention and incorporated herein by reference. "Spectral diffusion multi-dimensional access communication system using satellite or ground repeater (SPREAD SPECTRUM MULTIPLE ACCESS COMMU NICATION SYSTEM USING SATELITE OR TERR Published on February 13, 1990, entitled "ESTRIAL REPEATERS)" Disclosed in US Pat. No. 4,901,307. Preference disclosed here The preferred embodiment is described with respect to the CDMA system, but the ideas described herein. Many can be used with a wide variety of communication techniques. In U.S. Pat. No. 4,901,307 referenced above, the majority of mobile phones Each stem user uses a CDMA spread spectrum communication signal to satellite Multiple access techniques that allow transceivers to communicate through repeaters or ground base stations Will be disclosed. In using CDMA communication, the same frequency spectrum is different It can be reused multiple times to communicate individual communication signals. Use CDMA With, much higher specs than can be achieved using other multi-dimensional access techniques It can bring about efficiency and thus increase the capacity of system users. Wear. In a typical CDMA system, each base station transmits a unique pilot signal. .. In a preferred embodiment, the pilot signal has one common pseudo-random noise. (PN) Unmodulated direct transmitted continuously by each base station using a spread code It is a tangent sequence spectrum diffusion signal. Each base station or base station sector Sends a common pilot sequence offset in time from other base stations To do. The remote unit is the sign phase of the pilot signal it receives from the base station. The base station can be identified based on the fuset. Also, the pilot signal is Phase reference for non-coherent demodulation and foundation of signal strength measurements used in handoff decisions provide. Seeing Figure 1 again, the system, also known as the Mobile Exchange Center (MSC). The controller and switch 10 typically provide system control to the base station. Includes interface and processing circuit. Controller 10 is the transmission to the appropriate remote station To select the appropriate route from the public switched telephone network (PSTN) for telephone calls to the appropriate base station Control. Controller 10 is from a remote station via at least one base station It also controls the route selection of calls to the PSTN. Controller 10 is via the appropriate base station Direct calls between remote units. A typical wireless communication system includes several base stations having multiple sectors. To do. Base stations divided into multiple sectors are not only independent processing circuits, but also multiple It has a number of independent transmit and receive antennas. The present invention is sectorized It applies equally to each sector of the base station and an independent base station consisting of a single sector. The term base station refers to a base consisting of one sector of a base station or a single sector. It can be assumed to point to either station. Controller 10 is a variety of means such as dedicated telephone lines, fiber optic links May be coupled to the base station by or by a microwave communication link .. FIG. 1 shows exemplary base stations 12, 14, 16 and exemplary remote unit 18. .. The remote unit 18 is a vehicle-based telephone, handheld portable device. , PCS equipment, or fixed-location wireless city line equipment, or other associates It may be a dependent voice or data communication device. Arrow 20A-20B , Indicates a possible communication link between base station 12 and remote unit 18. Arrow 22 A-22B shows a possible communication link between base station 14 and remote unit 18. Su. Similarly, arrows 24A-28B are thoughts between base station 16 and remote unit 18. Indicates the communication link to be used. Base station location to remote units located within its coverage area Designed to provide services. When the remote unit is idle That is, when the call is not in progress, the remote unit is always from each nearby base station. Monitor pilot signal transmission. As shown in Figure 1, the pilot signal is Communication links 20B, 22B and 24, depending on base stations 12, 14, and 16. B Sent to remote unit 18 on each. Generally with forward links The term refers to a connection from a base station to a remote unit. Generally the opposite The term directional link refers to a connection from a remote unit to a base station. In the example shown in FIG. 1, the remote unit 18 is the coverage area of base station 16. May be considered to be inside. As such, the remote unit 18 Pyro from base station 16 at a higher level than the other pilot signals it monitors Tends to receive a signal. Remote unit 18 communicates with traffic channel When the call (ie, telephone call) is initiated, a control message is sent to base station 16. When the base station 16 receives the call request message, the base station 16 signals the controller 10. Let's transfer the called person's phone number. Controller 10 then goes through the PSTN Connect the call to the intended recipient. If the call is initiated from the PSTN, controller 10 has a remote unit Call to a set of base stations located near the location that recently registered its existence Transmit information. In return, the base station broadcasts a paging message. Will When the illustrated remote unit receives its page message, it is closest Respond with a control message sent to the base station. The control message is Notify troller 10 that this particular base station is communicating with a remote unit To. Controller 10 first sends a call to a remote station through this base station. Remote unit 18 leaves the coverage area of an initial base station, eg base station 16. When you go, the communication is transferred to another base station. A processor that sends communication to another base station This is called a handoff. In a preferred embodiment, the remote unit is hand-held. Start and assist the process. "Dual mode wideband spectral diffusion cell" usually simply called IS-95 Mobile Station-Base Station Compatibility Standard for Ra Systems (Mobile Station-B) ase Station Compatibility Standard for Dual-Mode Wideband Spread Spectrum Ce llular System) , according to TIA / EIA / IS-95, remote The "unit-assisted" handoff is initiated by the remote unit itself May be. In addition to performing other functions, the remote unit is next to it. Search used to scan for pilot signal transmissions from adjacent base stations A receiver is provided. One pyro of an adjacent base station, for example base station 12. If the remote unit 18 finds that the signal is greater than the specified threshold, the remote unit 18 Send a message to the current base station, base station 16. Information is via base station 16. Is communicated to the control device 10. When controller 10 receives this information, it is remote A connection can be initiated between station 18 and base station 12. Controller 10 is the base Requests that the station 12 allocate the resource to the call. In a preferred embodiment Base station 12 allocates channel elements to handle calls, such allocations. Report to controller 10 and return. Controller 10 is from base station 12 Notify remote unit 18 via base station 16 to search for signals, base station 1 Inform 2 of the remote station traffic channel parameters. Remote unit 18 , Communicate through both base stations 12 and 16. Remote unit during this process Continues to identify and measure the signal strength of the pilot signal it receives. like this And the handoff assisted by the remote unit is achieved. The process states that the remote unit communicates simultaneously through multiple base stations. In that respect it may be considered a "soft" handoff. Soft hand During the period, the MSC will use the signals received from each base station with which the remote unit is communicating. Can be combined or selected. MSC sends the signal from the PSTN to the remote uni Relays to each base station that is communicating. The remote unit receives it from each base station Combine the signals to produce a combined result. Reviewing soft handoffs, MSC provides centralized control of the process It is clear. Handoffs assisted by remote units are remote Units are not in the same cellular system, that is, controlled by the same MSC Occasionally located within the coverage area of two or more base stations that have not been It tends to be more complicated when it is done. Figure 2 shows the 1st mobile exchange center, the 2nd mobile exchange center, and MSC-I, respectively. 1st cellular system and 2nd cellular system controlled by MSC-II The cellular communication network 30 provided is shown. MSC-I and MSC-II are dedicated telephone lines By various means, such as fiber optic links, or microwave communication links Combined to the base stations of the 1st and 2nd cellular systems, respectively. Will be done. In Figure 2, the coverage area C of the first system, represented by the figure.<sub>1A</sub>-C<sub>1E</sub>Five such exemplary base stations B each provided within<sub>1A</sub>-B<sub>1E</sub>When, Coverage area C of the 2nd cellular system<sub>2A</sub>-C<sub>2E</sub>5 provided in each Base station B<sub>2A</sub>-B<sub>2E</sub>There is. For convenience of explanation, coverage area C in Figure 2.<sub>1A</sub>-C<sub>1E</sub>And C<sub>2A</sub>-C<sub>2E</sub>, And And the coverage area shown in Figure 3 introduced here thereafter is circular or Illustrated as a hexagon, it is highly idealized. In the actual communication environment As such, the base station coverage area can vary in size and shape. Basic The local coverage area is a coverage that is different from the ideal ring or hexagonal shape. It tends to overlap the coverage area boundary that defines the diarea shape. further, Base stations are divided into sectors, such as three sectors, as is well known in technology. Sometimes. Below, coverage area C<sub>1C</sub>-C<sub>1E</sub>And C<sub>2C</sub>-C<sub>2E</sub>These coverages The area is closest to the boundary between the 1st and 2nd cellular systems Therefore, it is sometimes called a boundary or transition coverage area. In each system The rest of the coverage area is called the interior or interior of the coverage area. A quick look at Figure 2 reveals that MSC-II is at base station B.<sub>1A</sub>-B<sub>1E</sub>To communicate with MSC-I has base station B without direct access to<sub>2A</sub>-B<sub>2E</sub>To communicate with It becomes clear that they do not have direct access. MS as shown in Figure 2 CI and MSC-II can communicate with each other. For example "Celular Radio Tele" communication Intersystem Operations) EIA / TIA / IS-41 and its subsequent revisions are in the Sith in Figure 2. Between exchanges in different operating regions as indicated by inter-system data link 34 Set the standard for. Base station B<sub>1C</sub>-B<sub>1E</sub>And base station B<sub>2C</sub>-B<sub>2E</sub>Sof between one of To provide a handoff, a large number of call signals and power control information are required for MSC-I and M. Must pass between SC-II. Connection from the exchange to the exchange Excessive delay due to the delay nature of the system and the large amount of call signal and power control information. Prolongation can be caused and inappropriate resources can be sacrificed. Soft han Another obstacle to providing dooff is the MSC-I controlled cis. The architecture of the system controlled by the system and MSCI-II is enormous. The point is that it can be different. Also used by two systems Power control methods can also be very different. Therefore, the present invention has two systems. Provides a hard handoff mechanism between stems and soft handoff between systems Regarding avoiding complexity and cost. The mechanism for hard handoff can be used in multiple situations. example For example, the system controlled by MSC-II is CDM to communicate the signal. Possible to use FM, TDMA or another method instead of using A There is sex. In such cases, the mechanism for inter-system soft handoff is MSC. Both systems are CDs, even if provided by a system controlled by -I Since soft handoff is possible only when operating with MA, A mode handoff is required. Therefore, the present invention relates to various air intermediaries. Used to hand off a remote unit between two systems that utilize the face You can use it. The second system sends pilot signals and other CDMA beacons Believe it and need to be modified to help start the hard handoff process There is. The system using the pilot beacon was released on March 30, 1995. Submitted, "Assisted by mobile stations for alternative system hard handoffs Methods and equipment for CDMA (METHOD AND APPARATUS FO) R MOBILE UNIT ASSISTED CDMA TO ALTERNATIVE SYSTEM HARD HANDOF For more information on US Patent Application No. 08 / 413,306, which is pending at the same time, entitled "F)" Be explained. The alternative system, both of which are assigned to the assignee of the invention, "Same frequency, time division duplex repeater" submitted on August 31, 1995 (SAME FREQUENCY, TIME-DIVISION-DUPLEX US Patent Application No. 08/522, simultaneously pending, entitled "REPEATER)", It is explained in detail in No. 469. The system was submitted on October 13, 1995 , Transferred to the assignee of the present invention, "Han between various cellular communication systems Methods and equipment for dooff (METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR) HANDOFF BETWEEN DIFFERENT CELLULAR COM MUNICATIONS SYSTEMS) , a simultaneous US patent application Use the pilot beacon device detailed in 08 / 322,817 There are times. Another situation where hard handoff may be effective is remote unit. If you have to change the frequency at which it operates. For example, P Two-point microwave link coexists with CDMA communication system in CS band May work. In Figure 3, the two-point microwave link 140 is directional. Illustrated between the icrowave antenna 130 and the directional microwave antenna 135. Base stations 40, 100, and 110 are provided by a two-point microwave link 140. Avoid the use of frequency bands, thereby avoiding interference between the two systems It may be necessary to avoid it. Directional microwave antenna 130 and directional microphone B-wave antenna 135 is extremely directional, so a two-point microwave link 1 40 has a very narrow field. As such, base station 115, With other base stations in this system like 120, sectors 50 and 70 are between two points. It can operate without interfering with the icro wave link 140. In this way, the remote unit To 125 is a CD in the same frequency band as a two-point microwave link 140. May work on MA channels. Remote unit 125 is a remote unit Base station 110 that does not support communication at the frequency on which it is currently operating When moving towards, base station 115 A soft handoff to District 110 cannot be completed. Instead, base station 1 15 is a hard hang to another frequency band supported by base station 110 It may instruct the remote unit 125 to perform a dooff. Another situation where hard handoff may be effective is the remote unit. But in order to distribute the load more evenly, do not change the frequency at which it is operating This is the case when you have to. For example, within the PCS band, CDMA has a frequency frequency And f<sub>1</sub>And frequency band f<sub>2</sub>Traffic channel in multiple frequency bands like It is communicating with the signal. Frequency band f<sub>2</sub>Is the frequency f<sub>1</sub>More active communication signal If the load is even more intense with, frequency band f<sub>2</sub>From frequency band f<sub>1</sub>What It may be advantageous to reduce the load on some of the active communication signals. negative Frequency band f to achieve load sharing<sub>2</sub>One or more remotes running on Frequency vans by the unit performing an in-system hard handoff De f<sub>2</sub>You are instructed to start working with. The most reliable way to perform a hard handoff is to base station 115 itself Possibly to perform a hard handoff for alternative frequencies in the body is there. Therefore, the remote unit 125 base station a fairly large reliable signal. At some point receiving from 115, the base station 115 goes to the remote station 125, the base station. Command to operate at another frequency supported by 115. Base station 1 15 starts transmitting and the signal transmitted by the remote unit at its new frequency Attempts to receive. Instead, the hard handoff is on the first frequency of base station 115. And may occur between the second frequency of base station 110. These two types of c Neither mode handoff requires inter-system communication. Seeing Figure 2 again, the First Mobile Exchange Center (MSC-I) was designated. Appropriate base station B from PSTN for transmission to remote unit<sub>1A</sub>-B<sub>1E</sub>Call to Control to send. MSC-I covers at least one base station It also controls sending calls to the PSTN from remote units within the rage area. MSC-II is PSTN and base station B<sub>2A</sub>-B<sub>2</sub>Base station B to send calls between<sub>2A</sub><sub></sub>-B<sub>2E</sub>It works in a similar way to manage its behavior. Control messages etc. are IS -Use industry standards such as 41 or later revised standards Is communicated between MSC-I and MSC-II on the inter-system data link 34. There are times. When the remote unit is located within the coverage area of the internal base station, the remote unit To monitor pilot signals from a set of adjacent base stations Gram. The remote unit is located in the coverage area CID, but the cover Consider the case where you are approaching the area C2D. In this example, the remote unit is Base station B<sub>1D</sub>And any other base station (multiple places) with which the remote unit is currently communicating Will be reported to Base Station B<sub>2D</sub>Available signal levels from Will start receiving. The available signal level is received by the remote unit Time spent is one or more quantifiable parameters of the received signal (eg For example, signal strength, signal-to-noise ratio, frame error rate, frame elimination rate, bit error -Rate and / or relative time delay). Prefer In a similar embodiment, this measurement is received by a remote unit. Based on signal strength. Received signal level available on the remote unit Base station B with such detection and signal strength or quality message<sub>1D</sub>To After that report, base station B1D to base station B<sub>2D</sub>By a remote unit of the same frequency to The hard handoff that will be assisted will proceed as follows. (i) Base station B<sub>1</sub>D is base station B<sub>2D</sub>Reported communication of remote units received from No. level, base station B<sub>2D</sub>Recognizing that is controlled by MSC-II Relay to the existing MSC-I. (ii) MSC-I is available from MSC-II on the inter-system data link 34. Channel Resources and Base Station B<sub>2</sub>Inter-system relay line equipment between the two systems in To request. (iii) MSC-II is other information via inter-system data link 34 MSC-I to identify the channels for which communication must be established Meet the demand by supplying information to. In addition, the controller is a base station A channel designated for communication between a remote unit and a relay line resource within B2D. Book flannel. (iv) MSC-I is base station B<sub>1D</sub>Remotely unify new channel information via The remote unit supplies base station B<sub>2D</sub>The time when you have to start communicating with specify. (v) Remote unit and base station B at the specified time<sub>2D</sub>Through a hard handoff between Communication is established. (vi) MSC-II, in contrast to MSC-I, transitions the remote unit into the system Acknowledge that the transfer was successful. One obstacle with this approach is the MSC-I, which receives signals from remote units. , Base station B at a level sufficient to support communication at that time<sub>2D</sub>Received by The point is that we do not know if it will be done. The MSC-I is a remote unit , Base station B<sub>2D</sub>Order to establish communication with. Similarly, base station B<sub>2D</sub>Is remote It is possible that you have not received a usable signal level from the unit. resulting in, Line connections can be dropped during the process of transferring control to the MSC-II There is sex. Error message rather than acknowledgment when line connection is dropped Will be sent from MSC-II to MSC-I. Another obstacle to providing hard handoffs is the CDMA system. It is the nature of the coverage area boundary. For FM systems like Amps, the hippopotamus Rage area The overlapping area is quite large. Communication is far from the coverage area overlap area Areas that can be supported between remote stations and only one of two different base stations And. In the FM system, such coverage area overlap areas are remote. Hard handoffs only when knits are placed in overlapping coverage areas It must be wide because it can occur safely. For example, Figure 4A shows FM Sith. It is a highly idealized expression of the system. Base station 150 and base station 165 are remote Can provide forward and reverse link FM communication to the unit (forward) A link refers to a connection from a base station to a remote unit. With reverse link Refers to the connection from the remote unit to the base station). Within Region 160, both The signal strength from the base station 150 and the base station 165 is the communication with the remote unit 115. It is at a sufficient level to support Shin. Due to the nature of the FM system, the base Stations 150 and 165 are at the same time as remote unit 155 Note that communication is not possible. Hard hand from base station 150 to base station 165 Used between base station 150 and remote unit 155 when off occurs within region 160 A new frequency is passed between base station 165 and remote unit 155 compared to used Used for faith. Base station 165 is the frequency used by base station 150 Base station 165 is nominally base station 150 and it is It does not interfere with communication between remote units that are communicating. Boundary 182 Indicates a location where communication from base station 165 to remote unit 155 is not possible Su. Similarly, boundary 188 allows communication from base station 150 to remote unit 155. Indicates a location that is not capable. Obviously, not only in Figures 4B and 4C, but also in Figure 4A Is not drawn in a certain proportion, and in reality, the coverage area overlaps. The area is relatively small compared to the total coverage area of each base station. When using CDMA soft handoff, communication with only one of the two base stations The existence of overlapping coverage areas that can be fully supported is not significant I. In areas where soft handoffs occur, base stations with two or more communications It is sufficient to be able to maintain reliable communication when established at the same time. C In a DMA system, the active base station and the adjacent base station usually run at the same frequency. To make. Therefore, the remote unit approaches the coverage area of the adjacent base station. Then, the signal level from the active base station drops, and the interference level from the adjacent base station Will increase. Soft handoff is not established due to increased interference from neighboring base stations If not, the connection between the active base station and the remote unit is at risk. Will be. The signal goes to the active base station, not to the next base station The connection is especially at risk when it fades. Figure 4B is a highly idealized representation of a CDMA system. CDMA group The ground station 200 and the CDMA base station 205 have a forward link to the remote unit 155. It is possible to provide CDMA communication with a reverse link. Darkest area 1 Within 70, the signal strength from both base station 200 and base station 205 is base station 20 Remote unit, even if established with 0 or only one of base station 205 Sufficient level to support communication with 155. When the boundary 184 is crossed , Communication through only base station 205 is unreliable. Similarly, cross the boundary 186 And communication through only base station 200 is unreliable. Areas 175A, 170 and 175B have remote units at base stations 200 and 20 Represents the area that would be in a soft handoff between 5. Remote Yu within area 175A Communication link to base station 205 with Knit supports communication by itself Establish communication through both base stations 200 and 205, even if unreliable This improves the overall reliability of the system. Beyond the boundary 180 And the signal level from base station 205 is remote unit 1 even with soft handoff Not enough to support communication with 55. Beyond the boundary 190, the base station Signal levels from 20 communicate with remote unit 155, even with soft handoff Insufficient to support faith. Note that Figures 4A and 4B are drawn with respect to each other. Boundary 180 , 182, 184, 186, 188 and 190 The reference number increases as the distance from base station 150 and base station 200 increases. Add. As such, a soft handoff area between boundaries 180 and 190 The area is the largest area. FM coverage area weight between boundaries 182 and 188 The multiple areas are within the CDMA soft handoff area. CDMA "Hard Hand O" The "F" area is the narrowest area between boundaries 184 and 186. A place where base station 200 belongs to the first system and base station 205 belongs to the second system. In that case, the base station 200 and the base station 205 cannot communicate with the remote unit 155 at the same time. Note that there are some things that can happen. Therefore, communication is from base station 200 to base station 2 If it needs to be transferred to 05, the hardware from base station 200 to base station 205 End-off needs to be performed. Hard handoffs have a high probability of success In order to do so, the remote unit is a CDMA harvester between boundaries 184 and 186 in region 170. Note that it must be located in the Dohandoff area. The obstacle is har Dehandoff area 170 is severely narrow and remote measure 155 is hard handoff area Very little time to move into and out of 170 Is in the fact that there is. In addition, the remote unit 155 It is difficult to identify if it is within the hard handoff area 170. Far Once determined that the distant unit 155 is within the hard handoff area 170 Then, for which base station and when a hard handoff needs to occur Judgment must be made about it. The present invention addresses these issues. The first aspect of the present invention not only requires a hard handoff, but is successfully achieved. Hard handoff to areas within the coverage area and to which of the base stations will be A system and method for determining if you need to try. Shown in Figure 3 The side-by-side arrangement of the hexagons is highly idealized. The system is real When placed at the edge, the resulting coverage area has a very different shape. There is. Figure 5 shows a more realistic representation of a set of base stations. Base station T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>3</sub>When Base station I<sub>1</sub>-I<sub>3</sub>Is the first communication controlled by system 1 controller 212 It is part of the system. Base station I<sub>1</sub>-I<sub>3</sub>Is only in contact with other base stations in the same system It is an inner base station. Base station T<sub>1</sub>-T<sub>3</sub>Belongs to another operating system A transition base with a coverage area bordering the coverage area of the base station A station or boundary base station. Base station S<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>3</sub>To system controller 214 Therefore, it is a part of the second system that is controlled. Base station S<sub>3</sub>, Base station I<sub>1</sub>-I<sub>3</sub>, O And base station T<sub>2</sub>-T<sub>3</sub>The outermost dark concentric circles that surround the area communicate with the corresponding base station. Shows the idealized coverage area of a base station where can be established. base station<sub>S1</sub>-S<sub>2</sub>When Base station T<sub>1</sub>The outermost dark wavy line surrounding is more realistic for the corresponding base station Indicates a coverage area. For example, wavy line 228 covers base station S1. Represents an area. The shape of the coverage area is the trees, hills, and the shape of the coverage area. And other obstacles, as well as antennas in the coverage area The location in which the base station is located, such as height, number, reflectance, and high building height. It is greatly influenced by the shape. Realistic coverage area simplifies drawings Therefore, it is not shown for each base station. In a real system, some of the base stations are sectorized, like three sectors. May be done. Figure 6 shows the antenna parameters of a base station divided into three sectors. Show the turn. To simplify the drawing, the base station divided into three sectors Not shown in FIG. The concept of the present invention is directly suitable for sectorized base stations. Can be used. In Figure 6, coverage area 300A is represented by the finest width line. Coverage area 300B is represented by the media width line. Coverage area 3 00C is represented by the darkest line. Three coverage areas shown in Figure 6 A is a shape created by a standard directional dipole antenna. Cover The edge of the area is to support the communication of the remote unit through that sector. It can be thought of as a location that receives the required minimum signal level. Remote Uni Perceived by the remote unit as it moves into that sector The signal strength received from the base station increases. The remote unit at point 302 is Communication is possible through Kuta 300A. Remote unit at point 303 is sector 300 Can communicate with A through sector 300B. The remote unit at point 304 is a sector Can communicate through 300B. Remote unit moves past the edge of a sector And communication through that sector can degrade quality. Figure 6 base station and figure Remote software operating in soft handoff mode between adjacent base stations not shown The knit will be located near one end of the sector. The base station 60 in FIG. 3 is a base station that is further idealized and divided into three sectors. Represent. Each of the base stations 60 exceeds 120 degrees in the base station coverage area. There are three sectors to cover. The power indicated by the uninterrupted line 55 Sector 50 with the baresi area is covered by the coarse dashed line 75. Overlaps the coverage area of sector 70 with the area. Sector 50 is fine Sector 80 with coverage area as indicated by dashed line 80 also overlaps .. For example, location 90, indicated by X, is sector 50 and sector 70. Located within both coverage areas. In general, a base station increases the number of remote units that can communicate through the base station. On the other hand, total interference with remote units located within the coverage area of the base station Reduce power. For example, sector 80 is a remote unit at location 90. Remote uni located in sector 80 because it does not send the intended signal to Written by communication with base station 60 of a remote unit at location 90 Not interfered with. For remote units located at location 90, the total interference is sector 50 Received contributions from 70, and base stations 115 and 120. At location 90 Remote unit may be in soft handoff with sectors 50 and 70 .. Remote units at location 90, at the same time, base stations 115 and 120 throats May be in soft handoff with one or both. Soft handoffs assisted by a remote unit depend on that remote unit Based on the pilot signal strength of multiple base station sets To make. An active set is a set of base stations where active communication is established. Is. The next set has a level of signal strength sufficient to establish communication A set of base stations surrounding an active base station, including a base station with a high probability. A candidate set is a strong pilot signal at a signal level sufficient to establish communication. A set of base stations with a degree. When communication is first established, the remote device communicates through the first base station. The active set includes only the first base station. Remote unit is active set , Candidate set, and proximity set base station pilot signal strengths are monitored. When the pilot signal of a proximity set base station exceeds a predetermined threshold level, the base Stations are added to the candidate set and removed from the proximity set by remote units. That far The remote unit communicates a message to the first base station that identifies the new base station. Shi Whether the stem controller establishes communication between the new base station and the remote unit Judge whether. Once the system controller decides to establish, the system The controller establishes identification information about the remote unit and communication with it. Send a message to a new base station with the command. Also, the message is , Identify a new active set that includes the first base station and the new base station. Remote Yu Knit searches for the information signal transmitted by the new base station and passes through the first base station. Communication with this new base station is established without terminating the communication. This process is You can continue at the base station. When a remote unit communicates through multiple base stations, it is active. Continue to monitor the signal strength of base stations in the candidate set and proximity set. Ak The signal strength corresponding to the base station of the Tibset has a predetermined threshold for a predetermined time period. When dropped below a value, the remote unit reports the event. Generate and send a message for. The system controller is a remote unit Receive this message through at least one of the base stations with which it is communicating. The system controller communicates through a base station with a weak pilot signal strength. May decide to exit. When the system controller decides to terminate the communication through the base station, the base station Generates a message that identifies the new active set. That new Active set is a base station through which communication must be terminated the Not included. A base station through which communication is established sends a message to a remote unit. Send to. In addition, the system controller terminates communication with the remote unit. Communicate information to the base station for this purpose. Remote unit communication is thus new It is sent only through the base station specified in the active set. When the remote unit is in soft handoff, the system controller is activated. Receives decrypted packets from each of the base stations that are members of the Tibset Believe. The system controller transmits from that set of signals to the PSTN. You have to create one single signal for. Within each base station, one The signals received from the remote unit passed through are decoded in this way. The multiple signals received in the above are combined before they are fully utilized. Decoding from each base station The converted result is provided to the system controller. Once the signal is decoded Then, the signal cannot be easily and advantageously "combined" with other signals. Prefer In a similar embodiment, the system controller is located at a base station with established communication. You must choose between multiple decoded signals that correspond one-to-one. More Also advantageous decoded signals are selected from the set of signals from the base station and other signals Is simply discarded. In addition to the soft handoff, the system is a "softer" hand May use off. A softer handoff is usually one common basis. Refers to handoffs between local sector sectors. One common base station sector is Han between sectors of one common base station because they are much more intimately connected Dooff is an undecrypted day rather than selecting decrypted data It can be executed by combining data. The present invention is a softer hand It applies equally regardless of which system the system is available on. Sof Each of the Tarhandoff processes is assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Submitted on October 10, 1993 and now abandoned, "One Common Methods and equipment for performing handoffs between base station sectors (METHOD AN) D APPARATUS FOR PERFORMING HANDOFF BET WEEN SECTORS OF A COMMON BASE STATION) " Titled, US Patent Application No. 08 / 405,611. In a preferred embodiment, the selection process is a selector bank subsystem (SB). Executed by the system controller in S). SBS is a selector set To be equipped. Each selector handles active communication for one remote unit .. At the end of the line connection, the selector is assigned to another active remote unit Is done. The selector governs all modes of control function for both remote units and base stations. Determine. The selector sends and receives messages from the base station. Such a message As an example, the round-trip delay between the base station and the remote unit changes by the threshold amount. It is a message sent by the base station each time. Also, the selector is a base station Can be instructed to send a message to the remote unit. This An example of such a message would be a pilot intensity measurement message to the remote unit ( It is sent to the base station that orders the provision of PSMM). Of these signals The use of both is described in more detail below. Most common practice In the example, it doesn't have to be the selector that controls the handoff process. Even in such a style of communication control device, a function delegated to a selector in a preferred embodiment. Can be executed. When the remote unit establishes communication with the base station, the base station addresses the remote unit. The corresponding round trip delay (RTD) can be measured. The base station is in time, Position its transmission to the remote unit based on universal time. So The signal is transmitted from the base station to the remote unit over the wireless airlink. Sent The signal requires a certain amount of time to move from the base station to the remote unit. Far The remote unit is from the base station to position the transmission it sends back to the base station. Use the signal to receive. Time position adjustment of the signal received by the base station from the remote unit By comparing the alignment with the positioning of the signal transmitted by the base station to the remote unit The base station can determine the round-trip delay. Round-trip delay is a remote unit with the base station It can be used to estimate the distance between the two. According to the preferred embodiment Therefore, whenever the round-trip delay changes by more than a predetermined amount, the base station has a round-trip delay. To the selector. One aspect of the invention is to acte to identify the location of a remote unit. Round-trip delay between the remote unit and the base station that are members of the ive set and the candidate set To use. Round-trip delay between a remote unit that is a member of a candidate set and a base station Getting is somewhat more than finding the round-trip delay of the members of the active set It's sloppy. Base stations that are members of the candidate set demodulate signals from remote units Therefore, the round-trip delay cannot be measured directly by the candidate base station. Remote unit containing pilot signal information for members of the candidate set and active set The message sent from Knit to the base station is the pilot intensity measurement message ( It is called PSMM). PSMM responds to requests from base stations or close proximity The signal strength of the base station of the station has exceeded the threshold value, or the signal strength of the base station of the candidate set However, there is a certain amount because it exceeds the strength of one of the base stations in the active set. Or sent by a remote unit due to the expiration of the handoff drop timer Is done. Four parameters control the soft handoff process. First, Pyro The detection threshold, T ADD, is the pilot of the base station that is a member of the proximity set. The signal strength must not be exceeded in order to be classified as a member of the candidate set. Specify the level that must be. Pilot drop threshold, T DROP Is a pilot message of a base station that is a member of the active set or candidate set No. strength must drop below that to trigger the timer Specify a level that does not. The duration of the triggered timer depends on T TDROP Is specified. Pilot after the time specified by T TDROP has passed If the signal strength is still below the T DROP level, the remote unit , Starts removing the corresponding base station from the set it currently belongs to. Acty Busset vs. Candidate Set Comparison Threshold T COMP is for members of the Candidate Set Pilot signal strength is a member of the active set to trigger PSMM -Set the amount that must exceed the pilot signal strength. These four pas Each of the parameters is stored in the remote unit. Of these four parameters Each is programmed to a new value by a message sent by the base station Can be fixed. PSMM contains two pieces of information regarding the present invention. That PSMM is active For each pilot signal corresponding to a base station that is a member of a set or candidate set Includes records for. First, PSMMs include a measure of signal strength. Second, PS The MM includes a reference for the pilot signal phase. The remote unit is a candidate set pie The pilot signal phase is measured for each lot signal. Pilot signal phase is a candidate The phase of the earliest available multipath component of the pilot signal, To be the earliest available multipath component of members of the active set By comparison, it is measured on a remote unit. The pilot signal phase is , May be measured with a relative PN chip. Providing the fastest signal to arrive The base station pilot signal in the active set is called the reference pilot signal. Be exposed. The system controller reciprocates the pilot signal phase using the following equation: Can be converted to an estimate of the delay. RTD<sub>can1</sub>= RTD<sub>ref</sub>+ 2 * (Pilot phase<sub>can1</sub>-ChannelO ffset<sub>can1</sub><sup>*</sup>PilotInc) Equation 1 in this case, RTD<sub>can1</sub>= Calculated estimate of round-trip delay for base stations with entries in the candidate set Is. RTD<sub>ref</sub>= Round trip delay reported to the reference pilot signal. Pilot Phase<sub>can1</sub>= Remote unit reported by PSMM on a PN chip basis It is a phase based on the perceived general-purpose time of the knit. ChannelOffet<sub>can1</sub>= Candidates that are unitless numbers The channel offset of the base station. Pilot Inc = System-wide seek in units of PN chips per channel Offset index increment. Round trip delay reported to reference pilot signal, RTD<sub>ref</sub>Depends on the corresponding base station Is provided to the selector. The round-trip delay of the reference pilot signal is with the remote unit. , As a basis for estimating round-trip delay between base stations that are members of the candidate set Useful. In a preferred embodiment, the remote unit has a sign phase of the pilot signal. Each base station has the same pie in time so that the base stations can be identified based on the offset Send the lot sequence offset. Pilot sequence offset in Dex Increment, Pilot Inc, base station pilot signal turned off by it The code phase offset increment that is set. Candidate base station channel off-set Channel Offsett<sub>can1</sub>Which of the code phases divides into the weather capture base station Show if it can be hit. Pilot Phase, the relative phase of candidate base stations<sub>can1</sub><sub></sub>Measured by a remote unit compared to the reference pilot signal per PN chip It is the sign phase offset of the candidate base station so as to be. Pilot Phase<sub>can1</sub>Is reported to the PSMM base station. ChannelOffsetcan1 And Pilot Inc are known to the selector. If there is no delay in the transmission in the system, the phase of the candidate base station is channel off. Set, Channel Offset<sub>can1</sub>And the whole system pilot sequence It would be the product of the offset index increment Pilot Inc. Transmission to system Due to the delay, the remote unit has a reference pyro with various varying delays. It perceives both the signal and the candidate base station pilot signal. System-guided P N offset (= Channel Offset)<sub>can1</sub>And Pilot Inc) Perceived pilot offset (= Pilot Phase)<sub>can1</sub>) , The reference pilot signal, and the pilot signal of the candidate base station There is a relative offset between the issues. If the difference is negative, the reference base station and remote uni The RTD between the stations is greater than the RTD between the candidate base station and the remote unit. Remote Yu The difference perceived by the knit reflects only the forward link relative delay. That The forward link relative delay is doubled to take into account the full round trip delay. For example, the system-wide pilot sequence offset index increment is It is a 64PN chip, and it is assumed that the following information is used as the basis for measuring the round-trip delay. Determine. xxxx (base station Id = 12) xxxx (base station Id = 14, relative offset 52PN) xxxx (base station Id, relative offset -15PN) In a preferred embodiment, each base station or base station sector has the same pyroc in time. The sequence offset is transmitted and the base station identification is transmitted as a pilot signal. Can be considered as the channel PN offset used by the base station .. In addition, base stations 12 and 14 (assumed to refer to the base station shown in Figure 1) Is a member of the active set and R measured by base stations 12 and 14 TD measurements are reported as 137PN chip and 244PN chip respectively Suppose. Noted to the right of the pilot phase and round trip delay data for base station 14 is the calculation. Relative offset. The measured pilot phase of base station 14 is 94 It is an 8PN chip. The fixed offset of base station 14 is the base station ID (14 ), Pilot sequence offset increment equal to 896PN chip (64) Is equal to the product of. Measured pilot phase and base station pilot phase The difference between the fusets is the relative offset between the base station and the remote unit. In this case, it is a 52PN chip (= 948-896). Base station 14 is Acte Since it is a member of the ive set, base station 14 makes round-trip delay measurements directly, so Use these numbers to calculate the round trip delay between base station 14 and the remote unit It is unnecessary to do that. However, since base station 16 is a member of the candidate set, round-trip delay measurement is the basis. Not done directly by the ground station 16 but used by equation 1 above to find the round trip delay It must be. In the case of base station 16, the parameters are as follows. RTD<sub>ref</sub>= 137PN chip Pilot Phasecan = 1009PN chip Channel Offset<sub>can1</sub>= 16, and Pilot Inc = 64PN chips per channel Plugging these numbers directly into equation 1 gives 107 PN. There is a round-trip delay between the remote unit called Pup and the base station 16. Noted above Thus, to find the absolute offset of a candidate base station, ChannelO ffset<sub>can1</sub>The product of Pilot Inc and Pilot Inc yields a -15PN chip in this case. Let Pilot Phase<sub>can1</sub>Is deducted from. One interesting note is the basis Round-trip delay between base station 16 and remote unit is less than round-trip delay between base station 12 That is the point. The first way to identify the location of a remote unit is with a special remote unit measuring finger. Depends on the use of directed hard handoff (MDHO) states. Minimize processing impact To suppress, the system allows any member of the active set to transition base stations Only when marked, it will be in MDHO state. In an alternative embodiment, the system is Enter MDHO state only when all members of the Tibset are transition base stations To. In the third embodiment, the system has only one base station in the active set. However, the MDHO state is entered only when the base station is a transition base station. Fourth In the embodiment, sufficient processing resources are available so that the MDHO state is always active. Exists. While in the MDHO state, the selector is a member of the active set. Monitor the round trip delay and calculate the round trip delay for the members of the candidate set. MDHO The MDHO state may end after the state that triggers the state changes. The MDHO state is based on the MDHO table. In the MDHO table, each row Coverage area Represents a section of coverage area that is an overlapping area. To the above As defined, the coverage area overlap area is a remote unit and two different An area supported by only one of the base stations. each The line contains a set of base station identification numbers and a list of round-trip delay ranges. round trip The delay range is specified in terms of minimum round trip delay and maximum round trip delay. Network planning tools or empirical to use MDHO tables One of the data is used and the appropriate action is taken for each set of regions and for each region. To identify. Instead, rule-based systems, or expert systems, It could be used to create MDHO tables. As noted above , Figure 5 shows a set of inner, transition, and second system base stations, remote unit. Used to demonstrate the functionality of a measurement-oriented hard handoff table. base station The shaded line around is the reciprocating delay delay measurement threshold. For example, base station S<sub>2</sub>To The shaded line 222 circled is the base station S.<sub>2</sub>To the remote unit on the shaded line 222 Direct path represents a location with a round-trip delay of 200 PN chips .. Base station S<sub>2</sub>The shaded wire 220 that surrounds the circle is located on the shaded wire 222. Base station S for knit<sub>2</sub>The direct route from is a round trip called 220PN chip Represents a location that indicates a delay. Therefore, shaded wire 220 and shaded wire 222 Any remote unit located between the 200PN chip and 220PN chip Will show a round trip delay between. Similarly, base station T<sub>1</sub>The shaded line 226 surrounding the base station T<sub>1</sub>From shaded line 226 The direct route to the remote station located above shows a round trip delay of 160 PN chip Represents a location. Base station T<sub>1</sub>The shaded line 224 surrounding the base station T<sub>1</sub>Shading from The direct route to the remote unit located on line 224 is a 180PN chip, which is a round trip. Represents a location that indicates a delay. Therefore, shaded wire 224 and shaded wire 226 The remote unit located between is between the 160PN chip and the 180PN chip. Will indicate a recovery delay. Also, base station S<sub>1</sub>The shaded line 232 surrounding the base station S<sub>1</sub>From shaded line 232 The direct route to the remote unit to be placed shows a round-trip delay of 170 PN chip. Represents an application. Base station S<sub>1</sub>The shaded line 230 surrounding the base station S<sub>1</sub>From shaded line The direct route to the remote unit located at 230 is a round-trip delay of 18 OPN chip Represents a location that indicates extension. Therefore, of the shaded wire 230 and the shaded wire 232 The remote unit located in between is base station S<sub>1</sub>With respect to 170 and 180 PN chips Will show a round trip delay between. As noted above, it does not take a direct route between the remote unit and the base station. Lucipas signals are produced by reflective elements in the environment. The signal is a direct route If not taken, the round trip delay will be increased. The earliest signal to arrive is the remote uni It is a signal that takes the shortest path between the station and the base station. Approximate round-trip delay Therefore, it is the earliest arriving signal that is measured with the present invention. Note that special areas can be identified by round-trip delays between various base stations. .. For example, coverage areas 240 and 242 are remote units and base stations T.<sub>1</sub>Between Round trip delay is between 160PN chip and 180PN chip, remote unit and base Ground station S<sub>2</sub>The round-trip delay between is between the 200PN chip and the 220PN chip. It can be identified by the facts. Coverage area 242 is further outbound Base station S, no matter what the recovery delay<sub>1</sub>When the pilot signal from This fact further defines it. Located within area 240, currently base station T<sub>1</sub><sub></sub>Appropriate measures for remote units communicating with CDMA base station S<sub>2</sub>Against Suppose you are performing the same frequency hard handoff. In addition, the ground In region 242, the total interference is very high, so the only alternative is base station S.<sub>1</sub>By To perform a hard handoff to a supported amps system Suppose. Table I shows some of the exemplary MDHO tables. The first column is which hippopotamus Rage area Indicates whether the overlapping area corresponds to a row in the MDHO table. Example For example, coverage area 242 corresponds to coverage area N at table I, Coverage area 240 corresponds to coverage area N + 1 at Table I. Remote units located within coverage area 242 are coverage area 240 Note that it matches the parameters specified in. In the exemplary embodiment , MDHO tables are carefully traversed and specified in numerical order The first region that matches the specified parameter is the region with the specified set of parameters. The only way to compare to N + 1 is already region N as a possible location It is selected to be if it is excluded. In the second column, the first base station I D enters. The third column shows the round-trip delay that corresponds to the coverage area indicated by the row. The range of is included. Columns 4 and 5 are columns 6 and 7. As the column shows, the pair of the second base station ID and the round trip delay is shown. Base station ID and round trip delay More columns may be added to indicate the set of. In a preferred embodiment, the MDHO table is a selector bank subsystem. It is stored in the controller (SBSC). SBSC is a proximity list and pilot A pilot database that provides fusets, and this other for standard operation Already remember such data needs. In a preferred embodiment, the selector is new Every time a ready-to-drink PSMM is received, and any RTD of the active base station Whenever a significant amount of measurement changes, the SCSC will access the MDHO table. Request to set. 1) Coverage area 2) RTD range 3) Treatment 4) System ID 5) Target BSId Table I The column named Action indicates that the location of the remote unit is in the coverage area. Describe the actions that must be taken when mapping to one of. Less than There are several exemplary types of treatments that may be taken, such as. System Hard handoff from CDMA base station to Amps, Hard handoff from in-system base station CDMA to Amps, Hard handoff from in-system base station CDMA to CDMA, Hard handoff from system-to-system CDMA to CDMA at different frequencies, and Same frequency CDMA hard handoff from system-to-system CDMA. More round trip delay information needed to locate remote units If required, the T ADD and T DROP thresholds are remote units. Can be modified when is in the MDHO state. T_DROP threshold and TA By reducing both DD thresholds, the lower pilot signal strength, Qualify the corresponding base stations for membership in candidate sets and active sets And the lower pilot signal strength is a longer candidate set before being dropped And stay in the active set. Bases listed in Candidate and Active sets An increased number of geostations can be used to locate remote units. Increase the number of total data points. T ADD and T DROP system-wide When reduced, each remote unit in the handoff is a system resource from two base stations It can have a negative effect on the use of space. Reserve resources at each base station Minimize the number of remote units in the handoff to complete and maximize capacity It is desirable to suppress it to. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, T ADD and T DROP is reduced only at transition base stations. Also specified by TTDROP The length of time that is spent drops below T_DROP and then the base station is active. Can be increased to increase the amount of time remaining in the g. In a preferred embodiment, the second system is the frequency used in the first system. If you have not already transmitted a CDMA pilot signal from a number of boundary base stations The second system is modified to transmit pilot signals or other CDMA beacons Corrected and mentioned above, U.S. Patent Application No. 08 / 413,306 and U.S. Patent Application No. 0 Helping initiate a hard handoff as detailed in 8 / 522,469 To. In an alternative embodiment, is the system already a boundary base station with CDMA pilot signals? The boundary base station of the second system does not create a pilot signal even if it is not transmitted from , Base station S<sub>1</sub>-S<sub>3</sub>There is no entry in the base station ID column of the MDHO table corresponding to .. Pilot beacon device is affected by microwave link between two points It may also be used at inner base stations to help identify the region. In some situations, a sign as a means of identifying the location of a remote unit Eliminates the use of auxiliary base stations, thereby leaving only active base station information and remote It may also be possible to determine the unit location. For example, clever net With network planning, coverage area overlap areas Can be effectively identified using only the round-trip delay of members of the active set There is a possibility that it can be done. As noted above, the non-sectored base station simplifies the drawing. For this is shown in Figure 5. In reality, the existence of sectorization is where the remote unit is located Help the location discovery process by narrowing the potential area. For example, figure Note the geometry of base station 60 in 3. Base station 6 before round trip delays are taken into account The coverage area of 0 is divided into 6 different areas. That is, the sector Area covered only by 50, covered by sector 50 and sector 70 Area, and area covered only by sector 70, sector 70 and sector Area covered by data 80, area covered only by sector 80, And the area covered by sector 80 and sector 50. 3 sectors Network to direct stations divided into two systems only along the boundary between the two systems Pilot Bees within System 2 Boundary Base Stations, when Cplanning is used The use of computers and the use of candidate base station round-trip delay determination can be eliminated. Each base station in the system was initially unloaded as measured in decibels. Unloaded receiver path and desired pie measured in decibels The total lot power is calibrated to be equal to a constant. This calibration constant is Consistent throughout the base station system. The system can be overloaded And (that is, when the remote unit starts communicating with the base station), the reverse link hand The off boundary effectively approaches the base station. Therefore, forward phosphorus To mimic the same effect in the network, the compensation network increases as the load increases. Reverse link received at the base station by reducing pilot power Maintain a constant relationship between power and pilot power transmitted by the base station. order A processor that balances the directional link handoff boundary with the reverse link handoff boundary "Cellular" was issued on August 20, 1996 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. -From the forward link handoff boundary to the reverse link handoff boundary in the communication system Methods and equipment for balancing (METHOD AND APPARATUS FO) R BALANCING THE FORWA RD LINK HANDOFF BOUNDARY TO THE REVERSE LINK HANDOFF BOUNDARY IN A CELLULAR CO MMUNICATION SYSTEM), US Pat. No. 5,548 , Called base station suspension, described in detail in No. 812. The hibernation process can adversely affect operation in the MDHO state. Re And referring to Figure 4B, the power transmitted by base station 200 is transferred to base station 205. Therefore, when compared to the transmitted power, the coverage area overlap boundary is a base. Move closer to station 200 and farther from base station 205. Its signal level is Affects round-trip delay between remote unit and base station at any one location Not reachable. Therefore, when the actual boundaries may have changed, MDHO The table will continue to identify the same location as appropriate for the handoff. There are multiple ways to deal with the dormancy issue. One way is coverage area heavy MDHO table so that multiple regions remain valid regardless of the current state of dormancy To sufficiently narrow the demarcated coverage area overlap area remembered in the bull To. The second way to deal with the problem of base station hibernation is to dispose of base station hibernation. You can either open or limit it. The pause mechanism operates with a forward link signal, Forcibly imitates the natural reaction of the reverse link to the load level for the forward link performance Make it imitate. Therefore, with the elimination of pauses, the boundary accompanies the load on the reverse link. Changes, and thus load remains a factor even if the system does not take advantage of hibernation Risk is not removed. A third way to address the issue of base station outages is through network planning. It is. Used by the Boundary Base Station of the 2nd System by the Boundary Base Station of the 1st System Traffic channel signal at the frequency to be used (ie, active remote unit) If no special signal is transmitted, the effect of pause is minimized. Boundary base station Sends a pilot signal from the pilot beacon device, Pilot Bee Because the traffic channel signal is not created when using the computer device, The effects of beam suspension are minimized. Pilot beacon device The power output by will remain constant over time. The fourth way to deal with the problem of base station hibernation is a rule-based system. By using. If the boundary base station is dormant, the hibernation parameters are each It is transmitted from the base station to the system controller. System controller hibernates Update the MDHO table based on the current value of. Usually system controller La increases the round-trip delay value of the MDHO table, reflecting the effects of pauses. The effects of pauses are not a problem at all in most situations. These boundary areas Network planning because it was a technical problem and a business problem in the past Usually tries to place a boundary between two systems in a low traffic area Make an effort. The lower the amount of traffic, the smaller the impact of pauses. When it is desirable to remember and avoid accessing MDHO tables There is. In such cases, other methods may be used to achieve the handoff. Wear. For example, in an alternative embodiment, two means are used to trigger a handoff. Used. The first method is called a detection rule. Certain base stations (or base station sec Ta) is called the reference base station, R. The remote unit is the reference base station coverage In the rear, when it reports the detection of the trigger pilot signal PB, select Data is a dataset (R, P<sub>B</sub>) With the target base station determined by Trigger a dooff. Detection rules are usually used with pilot beacon devices Used, but not always used with pilot beacon devices. The second method is called the hand-down rule. Certain base The station is referred to as a border base station. Base station with only one remote unit active set The base station is a boundary base station, and the reference pilot signal has a round-trip delay. If the threshold is exceeded, the selector triggers a handoff. Instead, a remote unit The active set includes only base stations that are boundary base stations, and the reference pilot communication When the round-trip delay exceeds the threshold, the selector triggers a handoff. Normal, The threshold varies between base stations and is independent of the rest of the active set. Han The dodown procedure is determined by the current reference pilot. The handdown rule is the first set of rules for measurement-oriented handoffs. It could be a rule. A base station of another system, called a boundary base station It is required that there is a coverage area bordering the coverage area of the station Note that it is not. Handdown rules include intersystem handoffs and systems Can be used for both inner handoffs. Both detection and handdown rules depend on the physical characteristics of the system. there is a possibility. The use of these two rules is divided into base station placement, multiple sectors Ne, such as sector orientation within the base station to be split, and the physical placement of the antenna. It can put a strain on the design of the work. When a remote unit or base station attempts to initiate a call within a border base station, the remote unit Knit and the base station exchange outgoing messages on the access channel. preferable In the embodiment, a fictitious channel manager resides in the base station and is an access channel. Control the flannel. Fictitious channel manager is calculated from the outgoing message Check the round-trip delay estimate. When the round-trip delay estimate exceeds the threshold, a fictitious channel machine The mobile exchange center, which the neighbor may order the base station, sends to the remote unit. Notify you to send a redirection message To. The service fix message is to amplifier a remote unit with an amplifier function. May be directed to a system or another CDMA frequency or system. Redirect The message also depends on the type of service requested by the remote unit To do. If a data connection is required rather than a voice connection, un The push system may not be able to support the connection. For this reason, take The action taken should generally depend on the function and status of the remote unit. Not. Usually, each remote station in the system has a class name that specifies its function. It has been kicked. The current status of the remote unit is queried by the base station The decision can be made based on the information returned. Figure 7 shows the use of detection rules in the same frequency handoff from CDMA to CDMA. Will be explained. The remote unit is System S in the CIA / C2 region<sub>1</sub>From system S<sub>2</sub>Suppose you move to. As the remote unit approaches C2, it Begins to perceive the pilot signal transmitted by it. Use discovery rules Then C<sub>1A</sub>If is the reference base station, the selector is coverage area C<sub>1A</sub>And in one place Request a handoff to the placed Amps base station. As noted above Hard handoff from one FM amps system to another FM amps system Hardware from a CDMA system to another CDMA system operating at the same frequency It can be achieved in a real area that is much larger than the end-off. Boundary base station C Between the DMA base station coverage area and the Amps base station coverage area, 1 There must be a one-to-one mapping or at least a significant amount of overlap Note that. If you switch to FM amps operation, the system between FM systems The probability of a successful inter-tem hard handoff is high. Figure 8 shows the use of detection rules in different frequency handoffs from CDMA to CDMA. I will explain how to use it. In Figure 8, System S<sub>2</sub>In the area corresponding to, the system S2 has a frequency. Number f<sub>2</sub>Communicating with the traffic channel signal at frequency f<sub>1</sub>Traffic It is shaded to indicate that it is not communicating with the channel signal. In Figure 8 Is system S<sub>1</sub>The area corresponding to is System S<sub>1</sub>Is the frequency f<sub>1</sub>In traffic Communicating with channel signals, but with frequency f<sub>2</sub>Now with the traffic channel signal Not shaded to indicate that it is not in communication. System S1 or cis Pilot beacon device operating at one or both boundary base stations of the system S2 It may or may not be present. If there is a pilot beacon device, check Outgoing rules can be used. Instead, C<sub>1A</sub>And C<sub>1B</sub>Is the only active set Once the round-trip delay measurement exceeds the threshold, the hand Down rules can be applied. In either case, the handoff is C<sub>1A</sub>Ma Or C<sub>1B</sub>It will be done for Amps base stations located in one of them. The configuration of FIG. 8 has a great advantage over the configuration of FIG. Figure 4C shows Figure 4A and Figure Handoff regions that utilize two different CDMA frequencies that follow the same format as 4B It is a very idealized notation. In Figure 4C, base station 205 is the base station 205. And the base station, as represented by the dashed transmission arrow coming out of the remote unit 155. Not transmitting traffic channel signals at the same frequency as 200. Boundary 189 is a reliable communication for it, frequency F<sub>1</sub>With remote unit 15 Represents a point that can be established between 5 and base station 200. The land between boundary 180 and boundary 189 In area 176, base station 205 operates a pilot beacon device while communicating with base station 200. When equipped, the remote unit 155 detects the pilot signal from the base station 205. Represents the area that can be created. Comparison between Figures 4B and 4C reveals the advantages of handoffs at different frequencies To do. If base station 205 is not transmitting a pilot signal, from base station 205 There is no interference with the signal between base station 200 and remote unit 155. Base station 20 When 5 is transmitting a pilot signal, base station 205 to base station 200 and remote unit The amount of interference for the pilot signal to the signal between the knit 155 is the base station 205 Much less interference than if you are sending a traffic channel signal Absent. Therefore, boundary 189 is much closer to base station 205 than boundary 186. Become. Boundary 181 is a reliable communication for it, frequency F<sub>2</sub>With remote unit 1 Indicates a point that can be established between 55 and base station 205. Between boundary 181 and boundary 190 Region 178 is the frequency of base station 200 while communicating through base station 205. If equipped with a pilot beacon device operating on F2, base station 200 Represents the area where these pilot signals can be detected. Again, boundary 181 Note how close it is to base station 200 than boundary 184. Boundary 181 and Boundary Region 174 between 189 is frequency F<sub>1</sub>At frequency F2 from base station 200 at Indicates an area where a handoff of communication to base station 205 or vice versa can be achieved. area Note how much 174 is larger than Region 170 in Figure 4B. Region 174 The larger size is a great advantage for the hard handoff process. Two different The fact that different frequencies are used means that the same frequency or different frequencies are used. Communication transfer is "break before make" hard handoff on either side Due to its characteristics, it does not significantly affect the hard handoff process. Different frequencies The only slight disadvantage of this case is that the remote unit goes from frequency 1 to lap 2. The point is that a certain amount of time is required to switch the operation to the wave number. To. In a preferred embodiment, both the base station and the remote unit have different transmissions than those for reception. Use the frequency for transmission. Figure 4C and other figures, and two different CDMA operating cycles In the text explaining the handoff between wavenumbers, the text and drawings are for simplicity. To specify the use of a set of transmit and receive frequencies (Frequency F)<sub>1</sub>Noyo Even if you are referring to a single frequency, the transmit frequency and receive after the handoff is done. It is assumed that both frequencies are different. Seeing Figure 8 again, System S<sub>2</sub>Each base station of<sub>1</sub>To work with You don't have to stop. System S<sub>2</sub>Boundary base station and perhaps the next layer of inner base stations Is frequency F<sub>1</sub>You just need to stop working with. System S<sub>2</sub>In Side base stations are CDMA, FM, or TDMA, or two-point micro Frequency F for wave link or any other function<sub>1</sub>Possibility to use There is. Figure 9 still shows another alternative embodiment of the transition region between the two systems. Figure 9 The configuration requires cooperation between the service providers of system 1 and system 2. , Most appropriate if the two systems belong to the same service provider there is a possibility. Figure 9 offers different frequency handoffs from CDMA to CDMA Base station B to serve, placed in two locations, or placed in virtually one location<sub>1</sub>And B<sub>2</sub>To Shown. Both base station B1 and base station B2 cover coverage area 310 It is a two-divided base station that provides the service. System S<sub>1</sub>Base station B<sub>1</sub>Is sector α Frequency F of both sector and sector β<sub>1</sub>Provides CDMA services in System S<sub>2</sub>Base Station B<sub>2</sub>Is the frequency F<sub>2</sub>CDMA services in both sector α and sector β in provide. Note that coverage area 310 is crossed by highway 312 I mean. The remote unit has a frequency of F<sub>1</sub>Using System S<sub>1</sub>From coverage A standard in-system soft handoff, call control as it moves into the 310 The base station B<sub>1</sub>, Used to move to sector β. Remote unit is highway 31 If you keep going down 2, the soft handoff or softer handoff will be used. Shin to base station B<sub>1</sub>, Sector β to base station B<sub>1</sub>, Move to sector α. Base station B<sub>1</sub>Sector Handdown when α is the only sector in the active set Rule is frequency F<sub>2</sub>So, base station B<sub>2</sub>System S<sub>2</sub>Handoff bird to sector B Apply moth. Handoffs for remote units moving from system S2 to system S1 are at the base Sector α of station B2 and base station B<sub>1</sub>It occurs in the same way between sectors β of. Base station B<sub>1</sub><sub></sub>Sector α is placed in one place with sector β of base station B2, and base station B<sub>2</sub>Sector α is the base In each case, the remote unit is a tar because it is located in one place with the sector β of the ground station B1. Hard handoff without fear of not being in the coverage area of the Get Base Station Can be completed safely. The configuration in Figure 9 has several advantages. System S<sub>1</sub>From Han to System S2 The area where the dooff is executed is System S<sub>2</sub>From system S<sub>1</sub>Handoff to Since it is not the same area as the area to be played, the probability of a tampering situation is minimized. .. For example, system S<sub>1</sub>From system S<sub>2</sub>The area where the handoff to is executed is Stem S<sub>2</sub>From system S<sub>1</sub>Virtually the same as the area where the handoff to is performed If you enter the handoff area and then stop moving or move within the area far away Separate units are handed off to one system and then to another system. Return to. The configuration of FIG. 9 introduces spatial hysteresis. Once the remote unit , System S in the lower half of coverage area 310<sub>1</sub>Transfer control from system S2 When moved, the remote unit becomes base station B<sub>2</sub>Sector α is the active unit of the remote unit It changes direction and covers coverage area 3 so that it is the only member of the System S unless completely re-entering the upper half of 10<sub>1</sub>Do not transition control back to right. As in the configuration of FIG. 8, each base station in system 2 has a frequency of F.<sub>1</sub>To use Stopping is not necessary in the configuration of Figure 9. System S<sub>2</sub>Boundary base station and Perhaps the next layer of the inner base station is frequency F<sub>1</sub>Need to stop using It is only. The inner base station in System 2 can be CDMA or FM or TDMA Or to send a microwave link between two points, or for other functions Frequency F<sub>1</sub>May be used. Also, in Figure 9, the base station has exactly two segments. It is not necessary to include data, and a considerable number of sectors will be available. Figure 10 shows a system in which a CDMA system provides services using another technology. Shows the situation that forms the boundary between the two. This situation can be handled in a similar fashion as in Figure 8. Figure 10 shows a special topology in Detroit, Michigan, USA. Detroit on the other hand It borders Canada on the side of. The river defines the boundary between Detroit and Canada. Several bridges cross the river and connect the two countries. On the US side of the river, CDMA system S<sub>1</sub>Is deployed. On the Canadian side of the river , TDMA system S2 is deployed. Choice for both US and Canadian It operates an ampus system in addition to the digital technology that has been developed. System deto Remote units that move on the Loit side are probably soft handoffs and softer hans. Dooff and continuously in CDMA coverage. However, the remote unit is a hippopotamus Within the coverage of sector α of the rage area CA, or in the coverage area CC When it is only in Kuta α, it is a group to the Amps base stations that are grouped together. The end-off uses a hand-down rule, and once the round-trip delay exceeds a predetermined threshold. It will be triggered when you get it. The remote unit on the water responds to the selected RTD threshold Sometimes it stays within the CDMA coverage area, sometimes it doesn't. is there. Network planning is one for Amps base stations based on transition sectors When you can decide at will and these sectors are the only sectors in the active set The antenna is properly pointed and the base station is placed so that the call does not drop. Must be guaranteed. Figure 14 shows a telecommunications carrier operating two systems grouping two base stations together. An embodiment of the present invention can be shown. FIG. 14 is a graphic notation. Coverage Rear C1A has frequency f<sub>1</sub>System S that works with<sub>1</sub>Corresponds to the inner base station of. Hippopotamus Rage area C<sub>1B</sub>Is the frequency f<sub>1</sub>System S that works with<sub>1</sub>Corresponds to the transition base station of .. Pilot Beacon P1 is Coverage Area C<sub>2A</sub>Frequency to be grouped together Number f<sub>1</sub>It is a pilot beacon device that operates in. Coverage area C2A Frequency f<sub>2</sub>Corresponds to the inner base station in system S2 that operates in. Coverage Jeri A C<sub>2B</sub>Is the frequency f<sub>2</sub>System S that works with<sub>2</sub>Corresponds to the transition base station in. Pyro The beacon P2 has a frequency f2 that is grouped with the coverage area C1A. It is a pilot beacon device that operates in. In the configuration of FIG. 14, base station C<sub>1B</sub>And base station C<sub>2B</sub>Hard handoff between, but remote Unit is system S<sub>1</sub>Must be run as it moves between and system S2 Note that it must be. The inner base station is the frequency at which the hard handoff takes place Frequency f because no traffic channel signal is transmitted by number<sub>1</sub>Base station at C<sub>1B</sub>And coverage area C<sub>1B</sub>And C<sub>2</sub>Reliability of communication between remote units located in Is expensive. Similarly, frequency f<sub>2</sub>Base station C at<sub>2B</sub>And coverage area C<sub>1B</sub>And C<sub>2B</sub>In The reliability of communication between the remote units located is also high. One problem with the configuration in Figure 14 is coverage area C.<sub>1B</sub>And C<sub>2B</sub>Is placed in one place It is placed. There are usually two systems for arranging base stations together. Some adjustment is required depending on the question of the operator. Two systems communicate differently When operated by a carrier, the carrier wants to share a physical facility I have something to think about. Also, putting them all together raises regulatory issues. There is a possibility. Figure 15 shows coverage area C<sub>1B</sub>And coverage area C<sub>2B</sub>Is complete It is similar to FIG. 14 except that it is not placed together. This example The principle of is applied to the case where two base station coverage areas are substantially overlapped. In the spatial hysteresis area, almost two coverage areas are offset from each other. Is reduced by the amount. If you use either Figure 14 or Figure 15, the operation is the same and quite simple Is. System S<sub>1</sub>The remote unit that moves inside towards system S2 is the best First, frequency f<sub>1</sub>Coverage area C using<sub>1A</sub>Is communicating with. Remote unit Frequency f as it approaches the two combined coverage areas<sub>1</sub><sub></sub>Soft handoff at coverage area C<sub>1B</sub>Used to transfer communication to .. Remote unit is system S<sub>2</sub>Continue towards, the remote unit is Pyro Start detecting the pilot signal from Tobea P1. Coverage in active set Area C<sub>1B</sub>Only base stations corresponding to and / or pyro Coverage when the pilot signal strength of signal P1 exceeds a certain threshold The Area C<sub>1B</sub>From the base station corresponding to, coverage area C<sub>2B</sub>To the base station corresponding to Hard handoff is performed. Remote unit is system S<sub>2</sub>Continue towards Soft handoff, but coverage Area C<sub>2B</sub>Base station corresponding to and coverage area C<sub>2A</sub>Between the base stations corresponding to Used to transition communications. Reciprocal operation is System S<sub>2</sub>From system S<sub>1</sub>Used to complete the handoff to. The configurations of FIGS. 14 and 15 they introduce some measure of spatial hysteresis. It is similar to the configuration in FIG. 9 in that it does. For example, system S<sub>1</sub>From system The connection of the remote unit moving to S2 is represented by the dashed line 356. Remote Yu Until the knit reaches the location indicated by arrow 350, it is Baresi Area C<sub>1B</sub>On the side of the base station corresponding to, frequency f<sub>1</sub>System S in<sub>1</sub>By Note that you will remain serviced. Similarly, System S<sub>2</sub>From sis Tem S<sub>1</sub>The connection of the remote unit moving to is represented by the dashed line 354. To. The remote unit is until it reaches the location indicated by arrow 352. It's coverage area C<sub>2B</sub>As it is serviced by the corresponding base station Become. Therefore, between arrows 350 and arrow 352, communication is provided to the remote unit. The service provided is which system communicates when the remote unit enters the area. Depends on what was provided. The remote unit is a hand between the two systems Without turning off, you may move around within the area between arrows 352 and 350. Seeing Figure 4B again, another solution to the hard handoff dilemma The solution is to increase the size of the hard handoff area 170. The area One of the very narrow reasons is due to the effects of fading. Hard hand off Remote units located within Region 170 are within Base Station 200 or Base Station 205. The signal goes to the active base station because it can only establish communication with either Where fading is related, but not fading with respect to inactive base stations In that case, the interference from the inactive base station will be considerable. Expand the size of the area However, one way to increase the reliability of communications within the region is to use remote uni in this region. Minimize the amount of fading experienced by the patient. Diver Citi is one approach to mitigating the detrimental effects of fading Is. There are three main types of diversity. That is, the time diver City, frequency diversity, and spatial diversity The city. Time diversity and frequency diversity expand the spectrum Unique to distributed CDMA systems. Spatial diversity, also known as path diversity, is a common signal. It is created by multiple signal paths of. Path diversity varies Spectral diffusion processing by separately receiving and processing signals arriving with delay It can be used advantageously through. Both examples of route diversity utilization are assignments of the present invention. "CDMA Cellular Telephone" issued on March 31, 1992, transferred to a person SOFT HANDOFF IN A CDMA C ELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM) "US Patent No. Issue 5,101,501 and "CDMA Cellular" issued on April 28, 1992 -Diversity receiver in telephone system (DIVERSITY RECEIVE) R IN A CDMA CELLULAR TELEPHONE SYSTEM) " Explained in US Pat. No. 5,109,390. Broadband CDM route diversity due to the existence of a multipath environment Can be provided to the A system. Two or more signal paths larger than one chip period Created with key differential path delay, separate for single base station or remote unit receiver Two or more receivers can be used to receive the signal ( The required one-chip path delay differential is a means of achieving time tracking in the receiver. Is a function of). After the signals are received separately, they are before the decryption process Diversity can be combined. Therefore, it was combined from multiple routes The total energy is used in the decoding process and thus of the decoding process Increase energy and accuracy. Multipath signals are usually fading independence Is shown. That is, different multipath signals usually do not fade at the same time. .. Therefore, if the outputs of the two receivers can be diversity-coupled, then both Significant performance loss occurs only when multipath signals are fading at the same time Live. Again, referring to Figure 4B, it is assumed that base station 200 is the active base station. To do. Two separates from base station 200 received by remote unit 155 If there are signal components, the two separate signals are independent or nearly independent. Stand up and fading. Therefore, the overall signal from base station 200 is 1 Do not experience the deep fades that occur when receiving only individual separate signals. That As a result, the signal from base station 205 is transmitted from base station 200 to remote unit 155. The likelihood of dominating the issue is even less. Rather than relying on naturally and statistically created multipath signals Can be introduced artificially. A typical base station has two receiving antennas There is one transmitting antenna. In most cases, the transmitting antenna is the receiving antenna. It is the same as one of them. Such a base station configuration is shown in FIG. In FIG. 12, the transmitter 330 also feeds the signal to the antenna 334. It supplies a transmission signal to Lexa 332. Antenna 334 receives the first received signal Supplying to port 1 of the machine 338, the antenna 336 sends the second received signal of the receiver 338. Supply to port 2. In the receiver 338, the received signals of port 1 and port 2 are different. Received in pieces and then combined before decryption for maximum benefit. antenna In 334 and antenna 336, the signal from each antenna is the signal received from the other. Is configured to fade independently. From antennas 334 and 336 After the received signal is fed to various receivers and the signal is demodulated in receiver 338 The signal received by antenna 334 is at least 1PN because it is not coupled to It is important to be offset from the signal received by the antenna 336 by the amount of the chip direction. Not big. Used by a second diplexer to introduce diversity into the system in Figure 12 The transmitted signal is coupled to the previously receive-only antenna through a delay line. Such a configuration is shown in FIG. In FIG. 13, the transmitter 330 also feeds the signal to the antenna 334. Supply a transmission signal to Lexa 332. In addition, the transmitter 330 has a delay line 340 And diplexer 342, and antenna 336 (in most basic examples) Supply a transmit signal (including the same signal as the original transmit signal). As in Figure 12 In addition, antenna 334 and antenna 336 receive from each antenna in the remote unit The signals to be generated are configured to be individually faded. Both Fagin because both signals are received by the remote unit through a single antenna In addition to the independence of the two signals, the remote unit can distinguish the signals separately. It must be sufficiently separated in time. Delay line to antenna 336 Therefore, the emitted signal distinguishes the signal from the remote unit, and the remote unit distinguishes the signal. Based on the signal from antenna 334 so that they can be received and modulated separately Add enough delay to reach with a delay of more than one chip. Prefer In one embodiment, the diversity base station configuration of FIG. 13 is used only with boundary base stations. Will be done. In an alternative embodiment, the delay line 340 comprises a gain adjusting element. Its gain adjustment factor The level of the signal transmitted by antenna 336 is determined by antenna 334. It can be used to adjust relative to the transmitted signal. Of this configuration The advantage is that the signal from antenna 336 does not significantly interfere with other signals in the system. That is the point. However, the signal from the antenna 336 and from the antenna 334 The signal level relative to the bell is when the signal from antenna 334 is fading. It will be quite. Therefore, in a preferred embodiment, the signal from antenna 334 If you experience a deep fade with respect to the remote unit, the signal from antenna 336 The issue is large enough to provide reliable communication for the duration of its fade. Only when at least one remote unit is located in the hard handoff area , It may be advantageous to supply the signal from the antenna 336. This technique Can be applied to any of the following alternative embodiments: A further different embodiment carries another set of signals for transmission on antenna 336. May create a separate signal path. In this embodiment, the base station is which far Which remote unit needs diversity (that is, which remote unit is c) Whether it is located in the dead handoff area) is determined. Sent on antenna 336 The set of signals is traffic for remote units in hard handoff areas It may contain only channel and pilot signals. Instead, with paging Synchronous channel transmission could also be included. It will be noted directly above As such, at least one remote unit is in a hard handoff area Supply pilot and other signals from antenna 336 only when located in May be advantageous. Remote units that require diversity For example, a remote unit that requires transmission power greater than some threshold It could be identified by detection or based on round trip delay. Two Using a transmitter reduces the net amount of power transmitted and therefore the base For remote units in hard handoff area 170 that are communicating with station 205 Interference in the system, including interference that may occur, will be reduced. In Figure 13, the dashed line 34 8 is the second implementation where two separate signal paths are used to carry different sets of signals An example is shown. The required delay between the two signals is induced within transmitter 330. Is assumed. Also note that the second radiator does not need to be grouped with the base station. It doesn't become. It is separated by a large distance and is located near the hard handoff boundary there's a possibility that. Instead, diverge using a previously receive-only antenna Instead of transmitting a tee signal, the signal could be transmitted from a separate antenna. Separate antennas are highly oriented to focus energy in the hard handoff area It will be a sex spot antenna. A particularly advantageous configuration is by using different signal paths with separate antennas. May be achieved. In this case, even more diversity is separate The signal transmitted by the antenna of P is nominally assigned to transmitter 330. Can be achieved by allocating a PN offset that is different from the N offset There is a potential. In this way, the base station covers the antenna with a separate remote unit. Upon entering the rage area, perform a softer handoff. Separate PN offset Use to know when the remote unit is located within the hard handoff area It is effective in separating. The examples are different in order to provide the same results. It can be realized with the above topology. It is also noted that there are multiple ways to introduce diversity into the system. To. For example, the effect of fading is the phase of the signal from the diversity antenna. Can be minimized by vacillation. phase Upset can create deep fades in channels Multipathing It confuses the amplitude and phase alignment of the issue. An example of such a system is 1996 Issued July 25, 2014 and assigned to the assignee of the invention, "Indoor Microcellulara" -Antenna system for multipath diversity in communication systems (ANTEN) NA SYSTEM FOR MULTIPATH DIVERSITY IN AN INDOOR MICROCELLULAR COMMUNICATION SY STEM) is described in detail in US Pat. No. 5,437,055. The harmful effects of fading on the body are CDM by controlling the transmitted power. Further control within the A system to some extent. Is it a base station by a remote unit? Fade that reduces the power received from the base station increases the power transmitted by the base station By doing so, it can be compensated. The power control function follows the time constant Operate. Depending on the time constant of the power control loop and the length of the fade time, the system The fade can be compensated by increasing the transmission power of the base station. base station The nominal power level transmitted from to the remote unit is determined by the remote unit. It could be raised when it is within the area where the dooff is performed. Increase again A remote unit that requires the power is available, for example, based on a round trip delay. Can be identified by reporting a pilot signal that exceeds the threshold. Needed Is transmitted by increasing the power transmitted to those remote units The net amount of power generated is reduced, thus reducing the total interference of the system. A hard handoff must be performed as noted above in connection with Figure 3. One situation is that the remote unit has a frequency at which it operates within a single system. It is a situation where the number has to be changed. For example, such a handoff is C Different frequency handoffs from DMA to CDMA can occur at system boundaries Works co-existing with the CDMA communication system, or all tigers With a two-point microwave link that transitions a Fick channel signal to a single frequency May be done to avoid interference. In Figure 3, microwave phosphorus between two points 140 is a directional microwave antenna 130 and a directional microwave antenna 13 Illustrated between 5. Directional microwave antenna 130 and fingers The directional microwave antenna 135 is extremely directional, so it is a two-point microphone. Rowave Link 140 has a very narrow field. As such, the basis Of systems like ground stations 115, 120, and sectors 50, 70, and 80 Other base stations can operate without interference with the two-point microwave link 140. To. In a preferred embodiment, the CDMA signal is transmitted at a microwave frequency. The two-point link that intersects the system, therefore, has a microwave frequency Interfere only if it works. The two-point link in the most common example is Can operate at frequencies higher or lower than what is commonly referred to as microwave frequencies To. Although the techniques described here are appropriate for such hard handoffs, Normally, two base stations whose handoff must be completed in the meantime are the same controller Hard hands in the system in that they are completed and controlled by the trawler F has advantages over hard handoff between systems. Figure 11 shows multiple sectors Different frequencies from CDMA to CDMA using only one base station split into An alternative embodiment for providing a number of handoffs is shown. Base station B<sub>1A</sub>And base station B<sub>1B</sub>of Both have two directional sectors named sector α and sector β .. Base station B<sub>1A</sub>Then, sector α and sector β have frequencies f<sub>1</sub>Works with. Base station B<sub>1B</sub>so Is sector α and sector β is frequency f<sub>2</sub>Works with. Base station B<sub>1A</sub>And base station B<sub>1B</sub>Both Both are one omnidirectional operating at a different frequency than the directional sector in the base station. It has a sex sector γ. For example, base station B<sub>1A</sub>Then, sector γ is frequency f<sub>2</sub>Works with , Base station B<sub>1B</sub>Then, sector γ is frequency f<sub>1</sub>Works with. Figure 11 uses the handdown rule. Its omnidirectional sector γ is called 0 It is marked as a boundary sector where a round-trip delay threshold is set, and either of the γ sectors is What is the round trip delay if it is the only base station in the active set It means that the handoff is triggered immediately, regardless of whether or not. γ sector Not really the boundary sector between the two systems, but from the perspective of the remote unit Note that the actions taken are the same. The remote unit Frequency f<sub>1</sub>In system S<sub>1</sub>From the coverage area bordering the inner border to base station B<sub>1A</sub>In When moving, soft handoff is used and base station B<sub>1A</sub>Communication with sector α Established and soft handoffs or softer handoffs are used and their connections Base station B<sub>1A</sub>Move to sector β of. Then soft handoff is used , Base station B labeled Boundary Base Station<sub>1B</sub>Transfer the connection to sector γ of. Base station B<sub>1B</sub>Base station B as soon as sector γ of<sub>1B</sub><sub></sub>Hard handoff is performed from sector γ to sector β of base station B1B. In this configuration as well, the operation is once frequency f<sub>2</sub>When moved to, the remote unit becomes a base station B<sub>1A</sub>In the coverage area of sector γ, it is the only member of the active set The operation is frequency f unless it gets in to the extent that<sub>1</sub>In that it is not returned to Note that it introduces spatial hysteresis. It also uses 3 different sectors The choice to use is whether the base station, which is divided into most of the multiple sectors, has three sectors. Therefore, the base station equipment that can be used usually supports three sectors. Also note that we rely on the fact that we do. As such , A design that uses three sectors makes practical sense. Needless to say More or even fewer sectors will be available. These are two different situations in which such a configuration can be used. Figure 11 Configuration is a location where all traffic must change frequency Can be used in In such cases, base station B<sub>1A</sub>Base station on the left side of Is the frequency f<sub>2</sub>Base station B without using<sub>1B</sub>The base station to the right of is using frequency f1 do not. In such cases, all the distance that goes into one side and exits from the other side The distant unit must transition frequencies. In the alternative situation, base station B<sub>1B</sub>Right of The base station on the side is, for example, the frequency f in that region of the microwave link.<sub>1</sub>Forbidden to use Frequency f<sub>2</sub>Use only. However, base station B<sub>1A</sub>Base on the left side of The station has a frequency f<sub>1</sub>Or frequency f<sub>2</sub>It can work with either. In such a case Is base station B<sub>1B</sub>From base station B<sub>1A</sub>All of the remote units moving to, some lap Wave number f<sub>2</sub>From frequency f<sub>1</sub>Transition to, or none transition. Two-point microwave link or one spectrum needs to be cleared A second very different way of dealing with other areas is shown in Figure 16. Figure 1 In 6, the "cone of silence" is indicated by beams 364 and 366 As such, it is built around the two-point microwave link 140. That cone of Silence is a power that acts as a reference signal for the remote unit that detects it. It is an irot signal. Remote unit supports its cone of silence When reporting the detection of the pilot signal, the system controller will pilot The signal is a cone of silence rather than a viable candidate pilot signal Understand that it is a display of. Its system controller is the Cone of Siles Stimulation to initiate a hard handoff to receive the corresponding pilot signal Used as. Other types of handoffs can be performed, but usually performed The handoffs that are made are different frequencies from CDMA to CDMA in the system. It is an end-off. The interesting aspect of the Corn of Silence is the Corn of Silence Pilot Shin The point is that the issue does not correspond to any base station in particular. Usually corn of sa The Ilens pilot signal is in one place with the directional microwave antennas 130 and 135. Generated by the placed pilot beacon device. Can be used 2 There are different types of cone-of-silence topologies. The first shown in Figure 6 In the topology, the beams 364 and 366 are actually two-point microwave phosphorus. A narrow transmission band that protects either side of the 140. No. 1 shown in Figure 17 In two topologies, beams 360 and 362 are pilot signal transmission coverageers. Define the rear edge. In Figure 17, the pilot signal coverage area and between the two points The microwave link 140 coverage area actually overlaps the same area. Connoisseur Usually, the beams 364 and 366 are two separate antennas separate from the microwave antenna. Created by Tena. Beams 360 and 362 are the same as the microwave signal Tena, different but slightly wider than the same antenna or said microwave antenna Created by an antenna that defines a large coverage area. In the first topology of Fig. 16, the cone of silence pilot signal has two grounds. Point-to-point microwave link moves at the same frequency as the cone of silence pilot signal Even when it is made, it has the advantage of not interfering with the microwave link between two points. In the first topology, the remote unit does not detect the signal and does not change the frequency. When passing through the silence pilot signal beam, the connection drops It is pushed or the connection continues, causing interference in the microwave link between the two points. It has the disadvantage that it may cause it. In addition, the power is low and the remote unit is bee. If applied to a remote unit while located within 364 and 366, the remote unit Can not detect the pilot signal and can cause interference in the microwave link There is. Microwave links can be bidirectional, and as such, links Operation may require two CDMA frequency channels. One fruit In the example, two CDMA reverse link channels are used for two-point microwave phosphorus. Cleared to process the Two different forward link cones of siles Two pilot signals cleared for a two-point microwave link Cone of silence coverage for each of the reverse link channels Sent in the area. In this way, the two pilot signals are frequency divers. Two points without interfering with the actual communication between the two directional antennas for the city Overlaps the inter-microwave link coverage area. Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the pilot signal is a microwave link between two points. Coexist with a two-point microwave link at the same frequency without causing too much interference There is a possibility that it can be done. The CDMA pilot signal has a wide band and low power spectrum. It is a scattered signal. This type of signal is just a gau for other types of communication systems. It is perceived as noise. Invites considerable interference due to the unique CDMA signal characteristics Without guidance, it will uniquely be able to coexist with other communication systems. The distance between the two-point microwave link antenna is that of a typical base station Much larger than the distance between the edges of the demarcating coverage area. Therefore The delay that the remote unit perceives the cone of silence pilot signal is the cell It can be significantly longer than the delay normally associated with a Ra system. That's right As a matter of fact, the cone of silence pilot signal is a continuous pilot signal. It may need to be recognized as one of the offsets. For example , Cone of silence The delay induced by the pilot signal is between the pilot signals. The perceived pilot signal offset is greater than the normal offset of Continued Mapping to the pilot signal offset. A typical system is 7 And that is, this kind of behavior is usually a problem as it uses only the 8th offset. There is no. The set of offsets where the cone of silence signal is expected is remote. Knit has these beliefs in the same way it searches for other proximity list entries. Added to the proximity set to search for issues. When the cone of silence pilot signal is detected, the action taken is to act. Respond to the base station for which active communication is established. Same cone of silence pilot The signal itself crosses many base station coverage areas, so the pilot signal itself Most information about the location of remote units and the actions that need to be taken Do not provide. The base station and the frequencies that must be handed off are pie It is based on the members of the active set when the lot signal is perceived. Ma The action to be taken is determined by the members of the active set and the candidate set. Will be done. In addition, the action taken is the Corn of Silence Pilot Information Will be based on the perceived PN offset of the issue. Also, the Corn of Siren Spa Take action until the signal strength of the ilot signal exceeds the second high threshold. The above may be advantageous. The cone of silence pilot signal The same pilot signal offset provides the entire system because it provides very little information Used by the body to protect multiple different two-point microwave links. In Figure 16 , Beams 364 and 366 all have the same or 4 different PN offsets Can work with. If the distance between the two two-point microwave link antennas becomes too long, the pie It may be necessary to use repeaters to extend the coverage of lot signals There is a potential. Methods and equipment for providing repeaters in CDMA systems are available in 199. "Same frequency, time division" submitted on August 31, 5 and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Duplex repeater (Same Frequency, Time-D) ivision-Duplex Repeater) ", a simultaneous pending U.S.A. It is explained in detail in Patent Application No. 08 / 522,469. Instead, a series that provides the same or different offset pilot sequences Antenna narrows the cone of silence area even narrower, accurately and reliably It can be installed along a microwave-like path to determine. Many of the concepts of the invention can be combined. For example, in-system and system Detection and handdown rules that provide both spatial hysteresis between physics Can be used with a typical coverage area configuration. Is the rule CDMA? To provide maximum benefits such as the use of different frequency handoffs in CDMA It can also be combined with other network planning configurations. Soft hand The parameters that control the off-process are members of the candidate set and the active set. Can be increased to increase the number of-. Base station outages may also increase. Far The concept of remote unit measurement oriented hard handoff is the space within and between systems. Can be combined with a physical coverage area configuration that provides both hysteresis it can. It also has a handoff of different frequencies from CDMA to CDMA. Other network planning configurations to provide maximum benefits, such as use Can also be combined with. Previous description of preferred embodiments can be made or used by one of ordinary skill in the art. Provided to do so. Various modifications to these examples will be made to those skilled in the art. The general principles set forth herein, which are readily apparent, do not use the features of the present invention. Can be applied to other embodiments. Therefore, the present invention is described in the examples shown herein. Consistent with the principles and new features disclosed herein, not intended to be limited Must be given the widest range that has been done.
18 sheets
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Every citation, both ways
| Document | Relation | Office | Cited during |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014078968A | Cited by | Japan | Search report |
| US7583633B2 | Cited by | United States of America | Applicant |
16 members in 12 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 651368 | United States of America | – | |
| 65136896 | United States of America | A | |
| 65136896 | United States of America | A | |
| 9708670 | United States of America | W | |
| 9708670 | United States of America | W | |
| 651368 | – | – | – |
| PCTUS199708670 | – | – | – |
| US19960651368 | – | – | – |
| WO1997US08670 | – | – | – |
Members16
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2256435A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO9744969A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| AU3075897A | Australia | A | |
| WO9744969A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| US5828661A | United States of America | A | |
| FI982518A0 | Finland | A0 | |
| FI982518A | Finland | A | |
| FI982518A7 | Finland | A7 | |
| EP0900509A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| BR9712088A | Brazil | A | |
| IL127173A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| AU715780B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| KR20000015938A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| CN1262847A | China | A | |
| JP2000511376AThis record | Japan | A | |
| RU98123039A | Russian Federation | A |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2000-511376
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2000511376
- Publication, EPODOC
- JP2000511376
- Application
- 9542708
- Application, DOCDB
- 54270897
- Application, EPODOC
- JP19970542708
Titles2
- Japanese
- 【発明の名称】セルラー通信システムでコーンオブサイレンスを提供するための方法及び機器
- English
- INDUSTRIAL APPLICABILITY A method and an apparatus for providing a cone of silence in a cellular communication system.
Classification
- CPC, 4
- H04W36/0058
- H04W16/32
- H04W48/12
- H04W36/0079
- IPC, 2
- H04W16 32
- H04W36 14