Capacitive-discharge ignition system for internal-combustion engines

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DEPOSIT MINUTES APPLICATION NUMBER MI 94 AT 001663 ............. |_Rega the year one thousand nine hundred (ninety-four, ₍ TWENTYNINE ........._{In the month of} [JULY j the (i | applicant) eopreiiìdicetofi) has (have) submitted it to me under the previous application, accompanied by n. r / W additional sheets for granting the patent toprariportelo

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0001.tif" />

PROSPECTUS A

SUMMARY OF INVENTION WITH MAIN DRAWING, DESCRIPTION AND CLAIM

APPLICATION NUMBER l I reg.A

PATENT NUMBER I

DATE OF OIPOSITE I tl / l ι l / ll I ι I

DATE OF RII ASCIO l I l / | I 1 / | IIII

D. TITLE ι CAPACITIVE DISCHARGE IGNITION SYSTEM FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, WITH FUEL SYSTEM AND ¹ COMBINED TRIGGER.

L

L

L. SUMMARY [

A capacitive discharge ignition system for internal combustion engine; the system comprises a magnet generator having a rotor with a plurality of permanent magnets fixed at equal intervals, wherein at least two adjacent magnets have the same polarity radially facing towards a stator winding comprising at least a first and a second supply and . ignition of an ignition circuit, connected in series and wound on contiguous magnetic cores of the stator. A negative voltage signal of an intermediate output of the series connection of the said coils is sent to a control electrode of an electronic control switch of the ignition capacitor discharge trigger switch, via an electronic control switch activated by a peak detector placed in a branch circuit between the intermediate connection point of the coils, and an intermediate point of a unidirectional voltage divider, placed in derivation from the same charge and ignition coils as the capacitor discharge.

M DRAWING

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FIG. 8 lei g: i il'UT]

DESCRIPTIONS BY INVENTION PATENT

In name:

DUCATI ENERGIAS.PA

• 2 JUL 9, 1934

Deposited * on: at N;

MI94A001663

CAMI&gt; 0 DELI. '1 NVΕΝZ I ONE

The present invention refers to a discharge ignition system capable of working for internal combustion engines, and more particularly it concerns the construction of a permanent magnet generator, also called generator magnet, in combination with a power supply and ignition circuit of the discharge of the ignition capacitor, through which it is possible to obtain an optimal trend of the charging voltage of the capacitor, and a single ignition trigger pulse for each rotation of the generator, eliminating the use of any additional ignition winding inside or outside the generator itself.

The capacitive discharge ignition systems, for mot oc i c1i esi mi, are thus pr i p i upstream from a multipolar electric generator, normally with permanent magnets which, in addition to providing the energy needed for low loads voltage, through a suitable additional winding, also supplies the energy for charging the ignition capacitor. An envelop inc. ì.i κ, ι (discharge ignition trigger, is normally provided internally or externally to the electric generator to provide a coining impulse at ignition at each rotation of the generator.

The most common of the capacitive-discharge electronic ignition circuits generally comprises a winding consisting of one or more click stator coils connected in series to provide the necessary voltage for charging the ignition capacitor. Normally these coils are made up of a very large number of turns of thin wire, for example three to four thousand spiers. a 0.1-0.15 mm diameter wire, necessary to bring the ignition capacitor to a charge voltage between 100 and: 300 Volts. During the rotation of the rotor on which the permanent magnets are placed, an alternating voltage is induced in the stator coils, the positive component of which directly polarizes diodes in series in the capacitor circuit, charging it to the desired voltage. When an impulse is generated from an additional coil in phase With the engine cycle, an electronic switch is activated located in the discharge circuit of the ignition capacitor; the voltage to which the voltage capacitor has previously been charged is then discharged onto the primary winding of the 1KG coil. : .l II,:

, ΤΙίϋΊίΤΙ ignition, generating on 1 secondary a high potential that triggers an electric discharge in the spark plug of the ignition circuit.

The solution described above, although the one most commonly used, nevertheless had two fundamental drawbacks:

- a non-optimal trend in the charge voltage of the ignition capacitor, which tends to have a bell curve, with a high maximum value, resulting sensitive to the rotation speed of the engine;

- the presence of a separate coil for the ignition signal internal or external to the control of ignition. The use of generator generation, a separate coil for her generation of the ignition trigger signal is inconvenient in many applications as it does not find a comfortable accommodation due to the small overall dimensions that are generally required of these types of acccnsi one plants.

The first drawback can be remedied by using, for example, a condenser charging system which uses a booster as described in a previous patent application by the same applicant IT-M192A002C09.

Also for the second drawback there are some

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0003.tif" />

solutions even if they are not considered optimal. The most widely used is certainly the one represented in figure 1 of the attached drawings which envisages the use of a capacitive discharge ignition system combined with a generator 10 comprising a stator winding Li or a four-pole rotor 11, as schematically indicated.

As can be seen from the same figure 1, this solution does not provide for the use of any additional winding for the generation of the synchronism signal, but it is the same power supply winding Li of the Accorisi on which, in addition to charging the capacitor C through the diode Di through the positive half-waves generated by L.1, with the negative ones I trigger an electronic controlled switch SCR located in the discharge circuit of the capacitor C comprising the primary winding Lp of the high voltage coil whose secondary winding Ls is connected to the spark plug CD. A diode D4 is placed in parallel with the primary winding Lp of the high voltage coil, while a diode D2 and a polarization resistor R] are connected in parallel between the control electrode of the switch which controls 1 'SCR c the output of the 1' winding Li through a polarized diode D3.

During the positive half-waves Di, D2 and D4 are

G

1NG. Etri G l CObOI'J KT 1 polarized directly and therefore the capacitor · C can circulate while 1 'SCR is forbidden, because in R.1 there is no current flowing, being t) 3 reversed polarized.

When the voltage generated by Li becomes negative, then D3 is directly polarized and, by means of the polarization resistance Ri, the SCR control electrode is directly polarized, triggering it, which in turn allows the discharge of the capacitor C on the primary Lp and on the high voltage coil, generating the spark in the CD spark plug.

However, this solution is only applicable in normal four-pole generators where two sparks out of phase by 180 are generated⁶ between them, for each rotation. Since this ignition is generally used on single-cylinder engines, clicks require an ignition for each cycle, it turns out that one of the two sparks generated, while not affecting the operation of the engine, nevertheless contributes to an undue increase in the temperature of the ignition circuit.

There are other solutions of multipolar generators without separate trigger winding which, combined with the circuit of Figure 3, can generate only one spark per revolution, as for example shown c described in patent US-A-4,636,67].

Ί: ι ng

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0004.tif" />

According to this solution, the rotor has a certain number of permanent magnets magnetized, radially, arranged adjacent to each other or having the same North or South polarity turned towards the stator coils, while other magnets have the usual alternation of their North and South polarity.

In addition, the stator of this generator has a polar expansion of a larger circumferential dimension than the polar expansions of the remaining poles of the generator; on this pole of greater size is wound the coil of .1 mint of the accorisi one circuit.

As can be seen from Figure 4 of the U.S. patent, the polar expansion of the power supply coil (s) has a wider width than that of the magnets, whereby the magnetic flux between the adjacent magnets is short-circuited when these have opposite polarity.

Only in the presence of adjacent poles with the same polarity, the magnetic core of the power supply coil can be crossed by the flow and therefore generate a dreamlike as shown in the same figure 4.

This signal is compatible with the electronic ignition circuit of Figure 1 thus generating only one spark per revolution.

The main drawback of this solution,

N'C ;. he g.103 -:)] - gli: iri 'i as shown in figure 4 of the same patent, is that the charge of the ignition capacitor cannot be optimized in the glove, in a 360 ° turn, only one positive half-wave ( 30 ° in the case of a pole generator) or desi, the rial a all accini onc.

Oils to this inconvenience, having a little or a large size, so different from the others, to create further problems of execution dog 1 i avvo .1 gi rii c η same.

A 12-pole generator is also known from US-A-4,537,174 in which the supply winding of the ignition capacitor is wound on two contiguous polar expansions of identical angular magnitude and in which the cup rotor comprises a plurality of permanent magnets that follow one another for the entire circumference only with alternating polarity; also in this generator a signal generation winding is used. triggering of the discharge, external to the generator, with the consequent disadvantages and drawbacks p the c ced cnt erne nt erifcriti.

Allt&gt; st &lt;ato current US-A-4,636,67.1 constitutes the closest document starting from the trouble defining the character st i that the innovatives of the invert onc.

SOMMAR 10 DE 1.1. '1 NV l; N ZI ΟΝ E

The object of the present invention is to propose an NG.

I.OJiLRTl capacitive discharge ignition system for internal combustion engines, which uses a multipolar permanent magnet generator, devoid of the traditional separate winding for generating the discharge trigger signal which, in addition to providing only one spark per revolution, reducing the thermal stresses also allow to optimize the charge of the ignition capacitor by using several positive half-waves per revolution, obtaining dimensions of the stator poles substantially equal to each other.

The above can be achieved by means of a capacitive charge ignition system for internal combustion engines, according to the characteristics of the preceding claim. I n pa r t. ic ο 1 are, 1 'i mp ian t. o di a co ensi ο nc according to the invention is characterized in that the stator winding of charging the capacitor, and triggering the discharge, comprises at least a first and second coil connected in series and wound in the opposite direction on two adjacent magnetic cores with the click of the mouse the intermediate point of the series connection of the coils is in turn connected to a pilot electrode of a switch electronic control of the capacitor discharge, by means of a third electronic control switch which is activated by the same negative voltage signal.

1NG. ], UI C.pFoT.f)] ', 1; k'J' J taken from the intermediate connection point of the two coils, under the control of a peak detector connected to the Ira said intermediate point to the charging coils do] capacitor, and an intermediate point of a unidirectional voltage divider placed in derivation from the same charging coils as the capacitor.

OF THE VE DESCHI ZIoNE OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will be further described below with reference to the attached drawings, in which:

Fig. 1 Using the wiring diagram of an ona1c radio ignition system;

Fig. 2 is a section view, showing a generator according to the invention in a first operating condition;

<td>Fig.</td><td>3 is a section similar to that of the figure</td>

<td>pi or &lt;cdcnt e</td><td>of a gcricriitorc in a second condition</td>

<td>operaii goes,</td><td>with the rotor moved one polar step;</td>

Fig. 4 is a diagram showing the voltage generated by the coils of the winding d: the charge of the capacitor;

Fig. 5 shows the voltage generated by the other coil of the capacitor charging winding;

F'ig. 6 shows the trend of the voltage of the peak detector, for the generation of the trigger signal of the discharge;

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0005.tif" />

: Ί '' l l -Π 1

Fig. 7 shows the sum of the voltages generated by both the charging coils of the capacitor;

Fig. 8 is one if the circuit hibernates the entire system, according to the invention;

Fig. 9 is a detail of a booster circuit which can be used with the circuit of the previous figure, for optimizing the charge of the acc. Ensistor.

1, the invention will be described below with reference to figures 2 to 9 clicks illustrating a preferential embodiment, omitting from which I will again describe figure 1 relating to a circuit known per se.

Figuiis 2 shows a permanent magnet generator according to the invention, of the 12-pole type; the generator comprises a cup rotor 12 made of magnetic material, for example made of iron, comprising and a plurality of permanent magnets 13, for example twelve, fixed internally to the circular side wall 14 of the rotor, at equally spaced angular intervals. Since twelve magnets have been supplied, as illustrated, the angular pitch between adjacent magnets is therefore 30 *. Each magnet 13 is magnetized in a radial direction so that the polarities are all oriented towards the coils of an internal stator, in the manner?

'1 XG. 1.11 0 '-: · ΡΊ'Ί shown. More precisely, according to the present invention, three adjacent magnets 1 3Λ, 1 3B and 130 have the same North and South polarity, that is to say they have homonymous poles all oriented in the same radial direction towards the stator coil, while the remaining magnets indicated alternately with 13D c 13E, have poles North c South that is to say of opposite polarities, normally alternating with each other, as shown.

In figure 2, the reference 14 also indicates the stator of the generator, always in ferro-magnetic material, the trouble is provided with twelve pole pieces 15, having the same polar pitch as the magnets 13, ending with an enlarged polar toaster shaped like T, having the same circumferential length equal to or slightly less than 1.1 'amplitude ci rconf erences to .1 c of the magnets 13.

Horn shown in the same figure, on ten expansions then 13C, 13D c 13E, the trotting low voltage coils are wound connected in series with each other, while on the remaining two expansions then pulls 1 3Ά c 13B are wound two coils A and B intended only for 11'a 1 power supply and ignition control.

More closely, the two coils A c B are seriously connected to each other, have the same number of spi c and are wound in opposite directions so as to

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0006.tif" />

ώΙΌΒΙΕΊΊ generate two alternating voltages ν_Λ and Vp of equal value in phase between them, die can be added.

The coils A and B also have two extreme outputs Al or B.1, as well as an intermediate output X common to both, as shown.

Figure 3 of the drawings shows a view of the generator similar to those of Figure 2, slightly modified in that the cup rotor 12 is now rotated counterclockwise by a polar step, that is to say 30 °, with respect to the stator 14; for all the rest, figure 3 corresponds to the gifts, the paths and to figure 2.

Figures 4 and 5 show the trend of the alternating voltages generated V_TO c Vp of each individual coil A c B while figure 7 shows the voltage V ^ + Vp, sum of the previous ones.

As can be seen, each of the two power supply coils A c P. of the ignition circuit generates an alternating voltage which is canceled when there is no variation in flux, in pcirt ico.1 when the coil passes between adjacent magnets having the same polarity facing the stator.

Since the two supply coils A and B are adjacent to each other, displaced by a polar pitch, wound in the opposite direction to each other and with the bond in serious, the resulting voltages V /. c Vp, although resulting

4

NG. 1,1 The same and in phase mutually, the zero voltage zones of length equal to a double polar step but displaced between them by 30 °, i.e. by one polar pole.

It follows that the sum of the two voltages is in phase with the previous ones and will have the zero voltage zone of length equal to a polar pitch only.

Referring now again to Figures 4 to 7 and Figure 8, we will describe the ignition circuit and its mode of operation, according to the present invention.

In figure 8 with 12 the magnetic rotor has been schematically indicated, while with A and B there are indicated n ox 'a rne n 1 and 1 and two coils of 1 medium and 1 ignition circuit which, as previously reported, they are equal to tr &lt;*, have the same number of coils and are wound in the opposite direction on two contiguous magnetic cores of the rotor.

The output Hi of the coil B is connected to ground or defines the negative terminal, while the other output Al of the coil A is connected to the positive terminal of the

<td>capacitor of</td><td>accents onc</td><td>C1</td><td>via a diode D.1</td><td> •</td>

<td>With Lp and Lì</td><td>x in the figure</td><td> 8</td><td>have been indicated</td><td>inolir e</td>

<td>The chin</td><td>primary c</td><td></td><td>gu e 1 lo sec on dario</td><td>of a</td>

<td>high coil</td><td colspan="2">voltage that</td><td>feed the candle</td><td>CD, in</td>

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0007.tif" />

which has a primary circuit Bp 1 connected in scric to a discharge circuit of the capacitor C1, comprising a controlled switch RCR connected in the manner shown. Cori 1) 5 a diode for the recirculation of the current in Bp has been indicated, while with R4 the polarization resistance of the electrode G for the control of the refreshment SCR or other switch and equivalent electronic trigg er for triggering the discharge of the discharge has been indicated CI capacitor.

Again with reference to figure 8, the circuit comprises an electronic switch '1 for driving the 1' of the circuit breaker

SCR primer discharges, a third electronic control switch T1 under the control of a peak detector;

peak includes the inversely polarized diode D4, the capacitor C2 and a resonance

R6 to the latter. L¹ the ni emitters Tl or the peak detector constitute uri and the eu i to control 1d between the output terminal

X gap between coils A and

B is the midpoint

Y of a stench made of

R2 were erected by the diode diode 1) 3, connected to rcz i ones orra 1 c in turn constituted by the rcsistorc R3 parallel to the coils Λ and B previously referred;

overall they define a bridge circuit writing in which Tl ò ig

NC. 1,111 G1 C &lt;1O], O]!]: 1 &lt;Ί'1 place no] main branch to be activated when the bridge is unbalanced by a negative voltage of the bob ina A c ο 11 cgataa .1 ter in na 1 encgativo , between the voltage in the coil B with the tied! to the positive terminal, that is to 0.1, is zero.

More precisely, the electronic control switch T.1 in the illustrated case consists of an NPN transistor with polarization resistance R7 in parallel between the base B and 1 'cmct.tit gold E, while the collector C is connected, through the resisting RI, at the base B of the 1 electronic pilot switch T2, in turn constituted by a PNP transistor having the collector C connected to the 1 * cl ctt control rod G dcll'SCR, and the emitter E connected to a positive voltage source, for example to the positive side of the ignition capacitor Cl through the rcsistorc R8; with R5 the polarization resistance of T2 has also been indicated »

Finally, in figure 8, number 17 indicates a booster circuit for optimizing the charge of the capacitor Cl, as for example is described in the previous question! Patent JT-M192A002809 of the same applicant is shown in detail in the diagram of figures! 9 later described.

The operation of the circuit of figure 8 results

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0008.tif" />

be the following: the supply coils A and B as previously reported, supply two alternating voltages and Vjj in phase and equal to each other, except when one of the coils passes from a magnet 13Λ with a South polarity, to a subsequent magnet 13B with the same South polarity, while the other coil B passes from a magnet 130 always with the same South polarity to a subsequent magnet 131) with North polarity or opposite to the previous one.

In the first case there is no voltage generation as there is no variation in magnetic flux, while in the second case there is voltage generation.

Therefore, when the sum voltage (figure 7) is positive, then the coils A and B will charge the ignition capacitor Cl through the diode Di.

In questions phase 1 'SCR or others) equivalent switch for triggering the Cl discharge, it cannot be piloted, Testing prohibited since, being the diodes D2 and D3 of the voltage limb polarized in the opposite direction, no current will flow through the voltage divider whereby the voltage at point Y will be 0, or negative with respect to the voltage at point X, preventing D4 in this case from causing the action of any current in the branch branch of the bridge consisting of the peak detector and the electronic control switch T1.

.1 Ρ JNG. THERE! I Gl COl.ODPRVl

The electronic switch 3'1 will therefore be disabled like J. the electronic switch T2.

When the voltage V ^ is equal to Vp and both negative sofie, the resistances R2 and R3 being equal to each other, as pure the voltage drops on the diodes D2 c DB, it will result that the voltage on V ^ straddling RB and DB I will be equal to the voltage Vpp straddling R2 and D2, in turn equal to the voltages ν_Λ and Vp; therefore, between the points X and Y of the derivative pilot circuit, there will be no potential differentiation and the control switch TI will also be turned off in this case as well as the driving switch T2 of l .1 'will also be turned off nt SCR trigger emitter of the condenser C1 discharge.

Similarly, when V ^ is equal to 0 and Vp is negative, the diode D4 will be polarized in the opposite direction and the switch 3'J will want a new blanking, like the switches T2 and SCR.

An unbalanced click condition will allow the SCR to be activated, as shown in figure 6, and therefore to trigger the discharge of the capacitor C.1 and the spark in the spark plug CD, consisting of 1 .1 ' the st a nt and T of figure 6 in which Vp is equal to 0, while it is negative, so that the diodes D2, DB and D4 are all in conduction

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0009.tif" />

INO. .. bl'IGI Cty&gt; 1 the Κ-Ί I

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0010.tif" />

rie · with the voltage at point Y greater than the voltage at point X.

The assembly 1) 4, C2, RG of figure 8 constitutes an optional peak regulator which is used to avoid any false triggering of the SCR switch due to the possi bi 1 fingers erο nze ma gne tic he ne ci ci renit i of the coils A and B or for any tolerances on the resistors R2 and R3.

Therefore, when the voltage difference between the points Υ ο X referred to above will be greater than the sum of the voltages Vp ^ -i Vp₂^{4 V}BB relating to the voltage drop on 1) 4, on C2 and base irei and omit toro of TJ, then T1 will enter conduction and, through the current limiting resistor Ri, then ventilate the basic · of the mill PN'P that having its emitter connected to a positive voltage source, will control the control electrode G of the SCR, sending it into conduction.

In this condition, the ignition condenser Ci can be discharged on the primary winding I, p of the high voltage coil which will generate a high voltage on the secondary Is capable of triggering a spark in the spark plug._fa CD ignition.

When C.1 has discharged, the current circulating in

Lp yes. will close again on the recirculation diode D5.

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0011.tif" />

As ; li ec eden t. homo nt and reported, in figure 8 the flexible use of a booster 17 has also been shown which, although not indispensable, nevertheless allows an efficient charge of C1.

The possible solution of the booster circuit 17 is schematically represented in figure 9 which will be described below for the purpose of a complete illusion of the kidneys. Figure 9 is connected to the charging circuit of the ignition condenser in the purities 1,2 and indicated in the same figures.

In particular, the circuit of figure 9 comprising an electronic switch Si and made stench R9 or equivalent circuit for supplying a voltage comparator CP1 with a voltage V2 proportional to the current circulating through an electronic circuit breaker Yes, to check, by means of the output voltage V4, apply them to the input of a rapid opening and closing terfacci of the switch itself.

In fact, a repeated »rapid opening and closing of the time

It is possible to obtain the charge of the capacitor C1 at a value of substantially calculated according to the output voltage of the electric generator and the operating mode of the engine. The opening and the

NO. . LI'IGl COI .oj'.l I ('1' closing of the .1 'circuit-breaker It is controlled by the voltage compartment CP1 which is powered at its inputs with the voltage V2, indicative of the current flowing through the circuit-breaker itself, with a voltage V3 supplied by the capacitor C3 supplied with the voltage VC of the capacitor CI, to maintain an operating state of the comparator CP1, or through another device designed to provide a derivative function of the increase in the voltage of the ignition capacitor C1 during each single partial charge of the capacitor itself, nor a reference voltage VK9 indicative of the maximum level of voltage V2 and therefore of the maximum current of the The switch Si with respect to which the comparator CP1 commands the opening or closing in rapid succession of the circuit breaker st.

With CP2 in figure 9, a CP1 inhibition device has also been indicated which is suitable for defining the maximum voltage level VC of the capacitor C1, and a second reference voltage VR2 to prevent the operation of CP1 to keep Si open, when VC reaches or I tend to exceed the maximum level allowed for the charging voltage of the switching capacitor.

Carrier », the V5 output of CP2 is sent to a

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0012.tif" />

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0013.tif" />

handing inlet of CP1 for the above purpose. Finally, PS has schematically indicated a power supply circuit for the various functional blocks of the stoma.

From what has been said and shown in the attached drawings it will therefore be clear that the present solution provides a new solution by which it is possible to obtain, in the absence of a separate coil for triggering the discharge of the condenser, only one spark per revolution, making it available at the same time a greater number of pulses for charging the consenting capacitor.

It is therefore understood that what has been said and shown with reference to the attached drawings has been given purely by way of explanation: for example the electronic switches TI and T2 could be made not only with NPN and PNP transients, but with channel MOS transistors; N, respectively with P-channel MOS transistors, without thereby departing from the innovative principles.

of the invention claimed.

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0014.tif" />

, 5

<img file="ITMI941663A1_D0015.tif" />