Spiro-oxindole compounds and their use as therapeutic agents

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SPIRO-OXINDOLE COMPOUNDS AND THEIR USE AS THERAPEUTIC AGENTS

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Voltage-gated sodium channels, transmembrane proteins that initiate action potentials in nerve, muscle and other electrically excitable cells, are a necessary component of normal sensation, emotions, thoughts and movements (Catterall, W.A., Nature (2001), Vol. 409, pp. 988-990). These channels consist of a highly processed alpha subunit that is associated with auxiliary beta subunits. The pore-forming alpha subunit is sufficient for channel function, but the kinetics and voltage dependence of channel gating are in part modified by the beta subunits (Goldin et al., Neuron (2000), Vol. 28, pp. 365-368). Each alpha-subunit contains four homologous domains, I to IV, each with six predicted transmembrane segments. The alpha-subunit of the sodium channel, forming the ion-conducting pore and containing the voltage sensors regulating sodium ion conduction has a relative molecular mass of 260,000. Electrophysiological recording, biochemical purification, and molecular cloning have identified ten different sodium channel alpha subunits and four beta subunits (Yu, F.H., et al., Sci. STKE (2004), 253; and Yu, F.H., et al., Neurosci. (2003), 20:7577-85).

The hallmarks of sodium channels include rapid activation and inactivation when the voltage across the plasma membrane of an excitable cell is depolarized (voltage-dependent gating), and efficient and selective conduction of sodium ions through conducting pores intrinsic to the structure of the protein (Sato, C., et al., Nature (2001), 409:1047-1051). At negative or hyperpolarized membrane potentials, sodium channels are closed. Following membrane depolarization, sodium channels open rapidly and then inactivate. Channels only conduct currents in the open state and, once inactivated, have to return to the resting state, favoured by membrane hyperpolarization, before they can reopen. Different sodium channel subtypes vary in the voltage range over which they activate and inactivate as well as their activation and inactivation kinetics.

The sodium channel family of proteins has been extensively studied and shown to be involved in a number of vital body functions. Research in this area has identified variants of the alpha subunits that result in major changes in channel function and activities, which can ultimately lead to major pathophysiological conditions. Implicit with function, this family of proteins are considered prime points of therapeutic intervention. NaV1.1 and NaV1.2 are highly expressed in the brain (Raymond, C.K., et al., J. Biol. Chem. (2004), 279(44):46234-41) and are vital to normal brain function. In humans, mutations in NaV1.1 and NaV1.2 result in severe epileptic states and in some cases mental decline (Rhodes, T.H., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 1 (2004),101(30):11147-52; Kamiya, K., et al., J. Biol. Chem. (2004), 24(11) :2690-8;

Pereira, S., et al., Neurology (2004), 63(1):191-2). As such both channels have been considered as validated targets for the treatment of epilepsy (see PCT Published

Patent Publication No. WO 01/38564).

NaV1.3 is broadly expressed throughout the body (Raymond, C.K., et al., op. cit.). It has been demonstrated to have its expression upregulated in the dorsal horn sensory neurons of rats after nervous system injury (Hains, B.D., et al., J. Neurosci. (2003), 23(26):8881-92). Many experts in the field have considered NaV1.3 as a suitable target for pain therapeutics (Lai, J., et al., Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. (2003), (3):291-72003; Wood, J.N., et al., J. Neurobiol. (2004), 61(1):55-71; Chung, J.M., et al., Novartis Found Symp. (2004), 261:19-27; discussion 27-31, 47-54).

NaV1.4 expression is essentially limited to muscle (Raymond, C.K., et al., op. cit.). Mutations in this gene have been shown to have profound effects on muscle function including paralysis, (Tamaoka A., Intern. Med. (2003), (9):769-70). Thus, this channel can be considered a target for the treatment of abnormal muscle contractility, spasm or paralysis.

The cardiac sodium channel, NaV1.5, is expressed mainly in the heart ventricles and atria (Raymond, C.K., et al., op. cit.), and can be found in the sinovial node, ventricular node and possibly Purkinje cells. The rapid upstroke of the cardiac action potential and the rapid impulse conduction through cardiac tissue is due to the opening of NaV1.5. As such, NaV1.5 is central to the genesis of cardiac arrhythmias. Mutations in human NaV1.5 result in multiple arrhythmic syndromes, including, for example, long QT3 (LQT3), Brugada syndrome (BS), an inherited cardiac conduction defect, sudden unexpected nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS) and sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) (Liu, H. et al., Am. J. Pharmacogenomics (2003), 3(3):173-9). Sodium channel blocker therapy has been used extensively in treating cardiac arrhythmias. The first antiarrhythmic drug, quinidine, discovered in 1914, is classified as a sodium channel blocker.

NaV1.6 encodes an abundant, widely distributed voltage-gated sodium channel found throughout the central and peripheral nervous systems, clustered in the nodes of Ranvier of neural axons (Caldwell, J.H., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2000), 97(10): 5616-20). Although no mutations in humans have been detected, NaV1.6 is thought to play a role in the manifestation of the symptoms associated with multiple sclerosis and has been considered as a target for the treatment of this disease (Craner, M.J., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2004), 101(21):8168-73).

NaV1.7 was first cloned from the pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line (Toledo- 2

Aral, J. J., et al., Proc. Natl.Acad. Sci. USA (1997), 94:1527-1532). Its presence at high levels in the growth cones of small-diameter neurons suggested that it could play a role in the transmission of nociceptive information. Although this has been challenged by experts in the field as NaV1.7 is also expressed in neuroendocrine cells associated with the autonomic system (Klugbauer, N., et al., EMBO J. (1995), 14(6):1084-90) and as such has been implicated in autonomic processes. The implicit role in autonomic functions was demonstrated with the generation of NaV1.7 null mutants; deleting NaV1.7 in all sensory and sympathetic neurons resulted in a lethal perinatal phenotype. (Nassar, et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (2004), 101(34):12706-11.). In contrast, by deleting the NaV1.7 expression in a subset of sensory neurons that are predominantly nociceptive, a role in pain mechanisms, was demonstrated (Nassar, et al., op. cit.). Further support for NaV1.7 blockers active in a subset of neurons is supported by the finding that two human heritable pain conditions, primary erythermalgia and familial rectal pain, have been shown to map to NaV1.7 (Yang, Y., et al., J. Med. Genet. (2004), 41(3):171-4).

The expression of NaV1.8 is essentially restricted to the DRG (Raymond, C.K., et al., op. cit.). There are no identified human mutations for NaV1.8. However, NaV1.8-null mutant mice were viable, fertile and normal in appearance. A pronounced analgesia to noxious mechanical stimuli, small deficits in noxious thermoreception and delayed development of inflammatory hyperalgesia suggested to the researchers that NaV1.8 plays a major role in pain signalling (Akopian, A. N., et al., Nat. Neurosci. (1999), 2(6): 541-8). Blocking of this channel is widely accepted as a potential treatment for pain (Lai, J, et al., op. cit.; Wood, J.N., et al., op. cit.; Chung, J.M., et al., op. cit.). PCT Published Patent Application No. WO03/037274A2 describes pyrazole-amides and sulfonamides for the treatment of central or peripheral nervous system conditions, particularly pain and chronic pain by blocking sodium channels associated with the onset or recurrance of the indicated conditions. PCT Published Patent Application No. WO 03/037890A2 describes piperidines for the treatment of central or peripheral nervous system conditions, particularly pain and chronic pain by blocking sodium channels associated with the onset or recurrence of the indicated conditions. The compounds, compositions and methods of these inventions are of particular use for treating neuropathic or inflammatory pain by the inhibition of ion flux through a channel that includes a PN3 (NaV1.8) subunit.

The tetrodotoxin insensitive, peripheral sodium channel NaV1.9, disclosed by Dib-Hajj, S.D., et al. (see Dib-Hajj, S.D., et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA (1998), 95(15):8963-8) was shown to reside solely in the dorsal root ganglia. It has been 3 demonstrated that NaV1.9 underlies neurotrophin (BDNF)-evoked depolarization and excitation, and is the only member of the voltage gated sodium channel superfamily to be shown to be ligand mediated (Blum, R., Kafitz, K.W., Konnerth, A., Nature (2002), 419 (6908):687-93). The limited pattern of expression of this channel has made it a candidate target for the treatment of pain (Lai, J, et al., op. cit.; Wood, J.N., et al., op. cit.; Chung, J.M. et al., op. cit.).

NaX is a putative sodium channel, which has not been shown to be voltage gated. In addition to expression in the lung, heart, dorsal root ganglia, and Schwann cells of the peripheral nervous system, NaX is found in neurons and ependymal cells in restricted areas of the CNS, particularly in the circumventricular organs, which are involved in body-fluid homeostasis (Watanabe, E., et al., J. Neurosci. (2000), 20(20):7743-51). NaX-null mice showed abnormal intakes of hypertonic saline under both water- and salt-depleted conditions. These findings suggest that the NaX plays an important role in the central sensing of body-fluid sodium level and regulation of salt intake behaviour. Its pattern of expression and function suggest it as a target for the treatment of cystic fibrosis and other related salt regulating maladies.

Studies with the sodium channel blocker tetrodotoxin (TTX) used to lower neuron activity in certain regions of the brain, indicate its potential use in the treatment of addiction. Drug-paired stimuli elicit drug craving and relapse in addicts and drug seeking behavior in rats. The functional integrity of the basolateral amygdala (BLA) is necessary for reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behaviour elicited by cocaine-conditioned stimuli, but not by cocaine itself. BLA plays a similar role in reinstatement of heroin-seeking behavior. TTX-induced inactivation of the BLA on conditioned and heroin-primed reinstatement of extinguished heroin-seeking behaviour in a rat model (Fuchs, R.A. and See, R.E., Psychopharmacology (2002) 160(4):425-33).

This closely related family of proteins has long been recognised as targets for therapeutic intervention. Sodium channels are targeted by a diverse array of pharmacological agents. These include neurotoxins, antiarrhythmics, anticonvulsants and local anesthetics (Clare, J.J., et al., Drug Discovery Today (2000) 5:506-520). All of the current pharmacological agents that act on sodium channels have receptor sites on the alpha subunits. At least six distinct receptor sites for neurotoxins and one receptor site for local anesthetics and related drugs have been identified (Cestele, S. et al., Biochimie (2000), Vol. 82, pp. 883-892).

The small molecule sodium channel blockers or the local anesthetics and related antiepileptic and antiarrhythmic drugs, interact with overlapping receptor sites located in the inner cavity of the pore of the sodium channel (Catterall, W.A., Neuron 4 (2000), 26:13-25). Amino acid residues in the S6 segments from at least three of the four domains contribute to this complex drug receptor site, with the IVS6 segment playing the dominant role. These regions are highly conserved and as such most sodium channel blockers known to date interact with similar potency with all channel subtypes. Nevertheless, it has been possible to produce sodium channel blockers with therapeutic selectivity and a sufficient therapeutic window for the treatment of epilepsy (e.g. lamotrignine, phenytoin and carbamazepine) and certain cardiac arrhythmias (e.g. lignocaine, tocainide and mexiletine). However, the potency and therapeutic index of these blockers is not optimal and have limited the usefulness of these compounds in a variety of therapeutic areas where a sodium channel blocker would be ideally suited. Management of Acute and Chronic Pain

Drug therapy is the mainstay of management for acute and chronic pain in all age groups, including neonates, infants and children. The pain drugs are classified by the American Pain Society into three main categories: 1) non-opioid analgesics-acetaminophen, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), including salicylates (e.g. aspirin), 2) opioid analgesics and 3) co-analgesics.

Non-opioid analgesics such as acetaminophen and NSAIDs are useful for acute and chronic pain due to a variety of causes including surgery, trauma, arthritis and cancer. NSAIDs are indicated for pain involving inflammation because acetaminophen lacks anti-inflammatory activity. Opioids also lack anti-inflammatory activity. All NSAIDs inhibit the enzyme cyclooxygenase (COX), thereby inhibiting prostaglandin synthesis and reducing the inflammatory pain response. There are at least two COX isoforms, COX-1 and COX-2. Common non-selective COX inhibitors include, ibuprofen and naproxen. Inhibition of COX-1, which is found in platelets, GI tract, kidneys and most other human tissues, is thought to be associated with adverse effects such as gastrointestinal bleeding. The development of selective COX-2 NSAIDs, such as Celecoxib, Valdecoxib and Rofecoxib, have the benefits of nonselective NSAIDs with reduced adverse effect profiles in the gut and kidney. However, evidence now suggests that chronic use of certain selective COX-2 inhibitors can result in an increased risk of stroke occurrence.

The use of opioid analgesics is recommended by the American Pain Society to be initiated based on a pain-directed history and physical that includes repeated pain assessment. Due to the broad adverse effect profiles associated with opiate use, therapy should include a diagnosis, integrated interdisciplinary treatment plan and appropriate ongoing patient monitoring. It is further recommended that opioids be 5 added to non-opioids to manage acute pain and cancer related pain that does not respond to non-opioids alone. Opioid analgesics act as agonists to specific receptors of the mu and kappa types in the central and peripheral nervous system. Depending on the opioid and its formulation or mode of administration it can be of shorter or longer duration. All opioid analgesics have a risk of causing respiratory depression, liver failure, addiction and dependency, and as such are not ideal for long-term or chronic pain management. A number of other classes of drugs may enhance the effects of opioids or NSAIDSs, have independent analgesic activity in certain situations, or counteract the side effects of analgesics. Regardless of which of these actions the drug has, they are collectively termed "coanalgesics". Tricyclic antidepressants, antiepileptic drugs, local anaesthetics, glucocorticoids, skeletal muscle relaxants, anti-spasmodil agents, antihistamines, benzodiazepines, caffeine, topical agents (e.g. capsaicin), dextroamphetamine and phenothizines are all used in the clinic as adjuvant therapies or individually in the treatment of pain. The antiepeileptic drugs in particular have enjoyed some success in treating pain conditions. For instance, Gabapentin, which has an unconfirmed therapeutic target, is indicated for neuropathic pain. Other clinical trials are attempting to establish that central neuropathic pain may respond to ion channel blockers such as blockers of calcium, sodium and/or NMDA (N-methyl-D-aspartate) channels. Currently in development are low affinity NMDA channel blocking agents for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The literature provides substantial preclinical electrophysiological evidence in support of the use of NMDA antagonists in the treatment of neuropathic pain. Such agents also may find use in the control of pain after tolerance to opioid analgesia occurs, particularly in cancer patients.

Systemic analgesics such as NSAIDs and opioids are to be distinguished from therapeutic agents which are useful only as local analgesics/anaesthetics. Well known local analgesics such as lidocaine and xylocaine are non-selective ion channel blockers which can be fatal when administered systemically. A good description of non-selective sodium channel blockers is found in Madge, D. et al., J. Med. Chem. (2001), 44(2):115-37.

Several sodium channel modulators are known for use as anticonvulsants or antidepressants, such as carbamazepine, amitriptyline, lamotrigine and riluzole, all of which target brain tetradotoxin- sensitive (TTX-S) sodium channels. Such TTX-S agents suffer from dose- limiting side effects, including dizziness, ataxia and somnolence, primarily due to action at TTX-S channels in the brain. 6

Sodium Channels Role in Pain

Sodium channels play a diverse set of roles in maintaining normal and pathological states, including the long recognized role that voltage gated sodium channels play in the generation of abnormal neuronal activity and neuropathic or pathological pain (Chung, J.M. et al., op. cit.). Damage to peripheral nerves following trauma or disease can result in changes to sodium channel activity and the development of abnormal afferent activity including ectopic discharges from axotomised afferents and spontaneous activity of sensitized intact nociceptors. These changes can produce long-lasting abnormal hypersensitivity to normally innocuous stimuli, or allodynia. Examples of neuropathic pain include, but are not limited to, postherpetic neuralgia, trigeminal neuralgia, diabetic neuropathy, chronic lower back pain, phantom limb pain, and pain resulting from cancer and chemotherapy, chronic pelvic pain, complex regional pain syndrome and related neuralgias.

There has been some degree of success in treating neuropathic pain symptoms by using medications, such as gabapentin, and more recently pregabalin, as short-term, first-line treatments. However, pharmacotherapy for neuropathic pain has generally had limited success with little response to commonly used pain reducing drugs, such as NSAIDS and opiates. Consequently, there is still a considerable need to explore novel treatment modalities.

There remains a limited number of potent effective sodium channel blockers with a minimum of adverse events in the clinic. There is also an unmet medical need to treat neuropathic pain and other sodium channel associated pathological states effectively and without adverse side effects. The present invention provides methods to meet these critical needs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is directed to spiro-oxindole compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds and methods of using the compounds and the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention for the treatment and/or prevention of sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions, such as pain. The present invention is also directed to methods of using the compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention for the treatment of other sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions, including, but not limited to central nervous conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression and bipolar disease; cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation; neuromuscular conditions such as restless leg syndrome, 7 essential tremour and muscle paralysis or tetanus; neuroprotection against stroke, glaucoma, neural trauma and multiple sclerosis; and channelopathies such as erythromyalgia and familial rectal pain syndrome. The present invention is also directed to the use of the compounds of the invention and pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds of the invention for the treatment and/or prevention of diseases or conditions, such as hypercholesterolemia, benign prostatic hyperplasia, pruritis, and cancer.

Accordingly, in one aspect, the invention is directed to compounds of formula (I):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00021.tif" id="idf0001" />

wherein: n is 1 or 2; one of J and K is -CH2- and the other is -O-; or both J and K are each -CH2-; R1 is hydrogen, methyl, cyclopropyl, carboxymethyl, (3-carboxy)benzyl, (3- methylsulfonylamino)benzyl, [(3-methylsulfonylamino)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [(3-carboxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [(ethoxy)carbonyl]methyl, 2-cyclopropylethyl, 1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl, 3-methoxypropyl, (6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl, pyridin-3-ylmethyl, [3-(cyano)pyridine-2-yl]methyl, [3-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, 3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl, 4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1.3.4- oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl, [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, (4-methyl- 1.2.5- oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl, pyrazin-2-ylmethyl, pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl, (1-methyl-1 H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl, [2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyridin-5-yl]methyl, [6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl, [6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, {6-[(diphenylmethylidene)amino]pyridin-2-yl}methyl, (5-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-2-yl)methyl, [5-(dimethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, (6-aminopyridin-2-yl)methyl, (6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl, (2-hydroxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, (1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl, (6-aminopyridin-3-yl)methyl, [1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ylmethyl, (5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl, (5-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl, hydrazinocarbonylmethyl, [6-deoxy-D-galactopyranose]-6-yl, (6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)methyl, [3- 8 (methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, (4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl, (3-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl, [(2-imidoformamido)pyridine-5-yl]methyl, (6- cyanopyridin-2-yl)methyl, (6-aminocarbonylpyridin-2-yl)methyl, diphenylmethyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 2-(fluoromethyl)benzyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, 4-fluorophenyl, (2-fluorophenylaminocarbonyl)methyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl, 4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl, 3-(benzyloxy)propyl, (2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl, 4-methoxybutyl, pentyl, isopentyl, hexyl, 3-nitrobenzyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [5- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)pyridin-2- yl]methyl, (3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl, (5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- yl)methyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, 3-methylbutyl, cyanomethyl, 4- hydroxybenzyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 4-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, [6- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl, [4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]methyl, (3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (4-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (5-fluoropyridin-3- yl)methyl, (5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (3,5- difluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl, (2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl, 2-oxobutyl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl, 1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl, (1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl, [2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl, tertbutoxycarbonyl, [1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, (2- methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, (6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl, (1-oxydopyridin- 2-yl)methyl, (3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, [1-(1- methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, morpholin-2- ylmethyl, [4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl, (4-methylmorpholin-2- yl)methyl, (2S)-morpholin-2-ylmethyl, [(2S)-4-methylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl, [5- (difluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, tetrahydro- 2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl, (5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl, (6- chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl, (4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methyl, [(3- methylaminocarbonyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, 1-[2- (aminoethyl)aminocarbonylpyridin-3-yl]methyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, (2R)-1,4- dioxan-2-ylmethyl, 1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl, 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl, 3,5- dimethoxybenzyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, 3-phthalimidopropyl, 3-aminobenzyl, (3- aminocarbonyl)benzyl, (4-aminocarbonyl)benzyl, (3-N,N- dimethylaminocarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(benzyloxy)benzy, 4-fluorobenzyl, 2,3- difluorobenzyl, 3,5-difluorobenzyl, 2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl, [3-(2- fluorophenyl)aminocarbonyl]benzyl, 3-(methoxycarbonyl)benzyl, 4- (methoxycarbonyl)benzyl, 4-(ethoxycarbonyl)benzyl, 3-(dimethylamino- 9 sulfonyl)benzyl, 3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzyl, 4-(3-amino-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzyl, 4-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzyl, 3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl, 2-(difluoromethyl)benzyl, (3-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl, (2- fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl)benzyl, (2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl)benzyl, (2-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl, 3-(amino(hydroxyimino)methyl)benzyl, 2-amino-2-(hydroxyimino)ethyl, (6-(N'-hydroxyformimidamido)pyridin-3-yl)methyl, 2-(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl, (4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl, [(2S)-4- benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]methyl, [4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl, (5-methoxycarbonylfuran-2-yl)methyl, 5-carboxyfuran-2-ylmethyl, 5-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2ylmethyl, [2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl, methylcarbonyl, ethoxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl or [(3aR,5R,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5- b:4',5'-d]pyran-5-yl]methyl; each R2 is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, amino, (hexanylaminocarbonyl)amino, (cyclopentylaminocarbonyl)amino, benzylamino, (cyclohexylaminocarbonyl)amino, methylsulfonylamino, (methyl)carbonylamino, N,N-dimethylaminocarbonyl, (ethyl)carbonylamino, (butyl)carbonylamino, (tert-butyl)carbonylamino, (pentanyl)carbonylamino, (hexanyl)carbonylamino, (methoxymethyl)carbonylamino, cyclobutylcarbonylamino, [2-methoxy(ethoxymethyl)]carbonylamino, (methylsulfonyl)amino, (2-trifluoromethylphenyl)carbonylamino, (cyclohexanyl)carbonylamino, (cyclopentanyl)carbonylamino, (cyclopropanyl)carbonylamino, (phenyl)carbonylamino, bromo, cyano, fluoro, methyl, methoxy, hydroxycarbonyl, methylcarbonyl, pyrrolidinylcarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, methylaminocarbonyl, (2-methoxyethyl)aminocarbonyl, (cyclopropyl)aminocarbonyl, pentylaminocarbonyl, (cyclobutyl)aminocarbonyl, (cyclopentyl)aminocarbonyl, hexanylaminocarbonyl, (cyclohexyl)aminocarbonyl, (4-fluorophenyl)aminocarbonyl, (4-fluorobenzyl)aminocarbonyl, (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)aminocarbonyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin- 2-yl]oxyl, quinolinyl, phenoxycarbonyl, 2-oxochromenyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, morpholinyl, 2-oxopyridinyl, benzyloxyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methoxy, pyridine-2-ylmethoxy, pyridin-2-yloxy, 4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy, 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl, 2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl, 6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl, furan-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 5-hydroxy-1H- 10 pyrazol-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, (6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy, 1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy, 4-fluorobenzyloxy, 3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl, phenoxy, 3-methoxyphenoxy, 4-methoxyphenoxy, 3-morpholin-4-ylphenoxy, 4-fluorophenoxy, 4-methoxyphenyl or 4-phenoxyphenyl; or two adjacent R2's, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused thiazolyl ring, a fused pyridyl ring or a fused dioxinyl ring; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (II):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00022.tif" id="idf0002" />

R3 is hydrogen, methyl, 3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, 2,5-dimethyl-1-(1- methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methyl, (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl, (4-bromo- 2-thienyl)methyl, 1-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl, [2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3- oxazol-4-yl]methyl, [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl]methyl, [5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl, 5-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 4-bromobenzyl, [(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl, cyanomethyl, [5- (trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl, (5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl, (3-chlorothiophen-2- yl)methyl, [3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl]methyl, {2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl, (5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl, [5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl, [1,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylmethyl, (2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, (2-isopropyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)methyl, 3-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)-3-(cyclopropyl)propyl, 4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl, 2-cyanoethyl, (2-bromo-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, [2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl, (2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl, (5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl, [2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl, (5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl, (5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, (2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl, (2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, [2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl, (2-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, (2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, (2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl, 2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl, [5- 11 (trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl, (5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl)methyl, [5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl, (5-tert-butyl-1,2,4- oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl, [5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl, (4- methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl, (3-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl, 2-(1-(methylethyl)aminocarbonylpiperidin-3yl)ethyl, (4-cyanothien-2-yl)methyl, [5-trifluoromethyl-4-(methyl)aminocarbonylfuran-2-yl]methyl, (5-trifluoromethyl-4-aminocarbonylfuran-2-yl)methyl, [5-trifluoromethyl-4- (dimethyl)aminocarbonylfuran-2-yl]methyl, [4-(cyclopropyl)aminocarbonyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]methyl, (2,4-dioxo-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl)methyl, or [4-(methylethyl)aminocarbonyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]methyl; each R4 is independently hydrogen, chloro, bromo, trifluoromethyl, cyano, 6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl or furan-3-yl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (III): (R6)m-[Γ

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00023.tif" id="idf0003" />

wherein: m is 1 or 2; one of L and M is -CH2- and the other is -O-; R5 is hydrogen, methyl, pyridazin-4-ylmethyl, diphenylmethyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 4-hydroxybenzyl, (5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylmethyl, (2-chloro-1-methyl-1 H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, (2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl, tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, 3-methylbutyl, pentyl, 5-(methoxycarbonyl)furan-2-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl, [1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl, 4-methoxycarbonyl-1,3-oxazol-2-yl, 2-fluorobenzyl, 4-fluorobenzyl, benzyl, 4-phenylbenzyl, (3-bromoisoxazol-5-yl)methyl, (5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl, oxetan-2-ylmethyl, (1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl, 3-cyanobenzyl, 4-cyanobenzyl, 4-(2-cyanophenyl)benzyl, 2-[(benzyloxy)methoxy]propyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl, 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl, 2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl, (4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl, [1-(tert- 12 butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl, [(2S)-1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-2- yl]methyl, [1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan- 2-yl]methyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, 4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl, (2-methoxypyrimidin- 5-yl)methyl, (2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl, [(2S)-5- oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl, 2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl, 4-pyridin-2- ylbenzyl, pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl, pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl, pyrazin-2-ylmethyl, (7- fluoro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl, pyridazin-3-ylmethyl, (2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5- yl)methyl, 3-(benzyloxy)benzyl, (1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl, 2H- benzotriazol-2-ylmethyl, 2-methoxycarbonylbenzyl, 4-methoxycarbonylbenzyl, 3-(benzyloxy)propyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, [1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4- yl]methyl, (1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (2S)- pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl, 3-carboxybenzyl, 2-carboxybenzyl, 4-carboxybenzyl, 4- (benzyloxy)benzyl, 4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl, 4-(5- methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl, (5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl)methyl, 4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl, (2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl, 3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl, 3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl, 4-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, morpholin-2-ylmethyl, (4-methylmorpholin-2- yl)methyl, [4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl, 4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzyl, 3-hydroxybenzyl, 4-morpholin-4-ylbenzyl, pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl, [1-((1-methylethyl)aminocarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]methyl, [(2S)-1-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl, 3-(cyclohexylamino)carbonylbenzyl, 3-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[(hexyl)(methyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[(2-ethylbutyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[(2,4- dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[(2- phenylpropyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[((1S)-1- cyclohexylethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 3-[((1R)-1- cyclohexylethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(4-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2- methoxyphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2- fluorophenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(3-chlorophenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2- [(heptyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2-chlorobenzyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2- (piperidin-1-yl)carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(butyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(3- methylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2-fluoro-5- methylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2,3- 13 dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(3-chlorobenzyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 2-[(2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-methoxyphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2- trifluoromethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(phenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(methyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-thiophen-2-ylethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-(amino)carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-(morpholin-1-yl)carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-ethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2,6- dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(3-fluorophenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2,4-dimethylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(thien-2-ylmethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(ethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-methoxyethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-ethoxyethyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(cyclobutyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(1,3-thiazol-2-yl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, 4-[(2-ethylbutyl)amino]carbonylbenzyl, (aminocarbonyl)methyl, [((4-ethylphenyl)amino)carbonyl]methyl, [((2,5- dimethylphenyl)amino)carbonyl]methyl, [(diethylamino)carbonyl]methyl, [(3,3-dimethylbutylamino)carbonyl]methyl, [(3-(1- methylethoxy)propylamino)carbonyl]methyl; [(propylamino)carbonyl]methyl, [(phenyl)(methyl)aminocarbonyl]methyl, [((2,4-dimethylphenyl)amino)carbonyl]methyl, [((2,3-dimethylphenyl)amino)carbonyl]methyl, [((2,6- dimethylphenyl)amino)carbonyl]methyl, (5-carboxyfuran-2-yl)methyl, [5-(dimethylaminocarbonyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, [5-(methylaminocarbonyl)furan-2- yl]methyl, [4-(aminocarbonyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]methyl, [4- ((dimethylamino)carbonyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]methyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, (2S)-2- hydroxypropyl, 2-(benzyloxy)propyl, 2-(4-fluorobenzyloxy)propyl, 2-(pyridin-2-yloxy)propyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxybutyl, 3-aminopropyl, 3- oxopropyl, 3-[(3-methylbutyl)amino]propyl, 3-[butyl(methyl)amino]propyl, 3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]propyl, 3-[(2- trifluoromethoxyphenyl)carbonylamino]propyl or 3-[(2-cyanoethyl)amino]propyl; and each R6 is independently hydrogen, chloro, bromo, fluoro, methyl, cyano, amino, 14 -C(O)H, -CH2-N(CH3)2, (pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl, 6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl, 2- (4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl, benzothiophen-3-yl, 1- methyl-1H-indol-5-yl, 3,5-di(triflouromethyl)phenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 4-(2- methylpropoxy)phenyl, 4-butoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, pyrimidin-5-yl or furan-3-yl; or two R6's, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused dioxinyl ring or a fused pyridinyl ring; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (IV): \

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00024.tif" id="idf0004" />

wherein: q is 1,2 or 3; R7 is hydrogen, (5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl, diphenylmethyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 3-methylbutyl, benzyl, 4-bromobenzyl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, piperidin-4-ylmethyl, (1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl, (5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-ylmethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl, [1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl, 4-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]benzyl or (4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl; and each R8 is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, bromo, chloro, cyano, fluoro, methyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxy, 1-methylethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, benzyloxy, 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, amino, sulfonylamino, methylsulfonylamino, [(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl or (pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino; or two R8 groups, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused dioxinyl ring, a fused thienyl ring, a fused 1,1-dioxothienyl ring, a fused 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl ring, a fused tetrahydropyranyl ring, a fused 2,3-dihydropyrazinyl ring, a fused 3-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl ring or a fused 15 pyrazinyl ring, and the remaining R8 group, if present, is as described above; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (V):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00025.tif" id="idf0005" />

O

O (V) wherein: R9 is hydrogen, diphenylmethyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, (2R)- tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, (2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl, or (2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (VI): wherein: Z is -O- or -N(H)-;

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00026.tif" id="idf0006" />

(VI) R10 is hydrogen, 3-methylbutyl, 4-methoxybenzyl, 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl, 4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl, 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, [4-(hydroxycarbonyl)oxazol-2-yl]methyl, [4-(N,N- dimethylaminocarbonyl)oxazol-2-yl]methyl, (4-cyanomethylcarbonyl)benzyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, (3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl, [4-(methoxycarbonyl)oxazol-2-yl]methyl, 4-(3-amino-1 H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-3-ylmethyl or pyrazin-2-ylmethyl; and R10a is hydrogen, methyl or -NH2; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (VII): 16 wherein: Y is -O- or -S-;

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00027.tif" id="idf0007" />

R11 is hydrogen, diphenylmethyl, 3-methylbutyl, tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl, (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl or (5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (VIII): 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00028.tif" id="idf0008" />

(VIII) 15 wherein: W is a direct bond or -CH2-; and R12 is hydrogen, diphenylmethyl, or (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (IX):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD00029.tif" id="idf0009" />

20 R13 is hydrogen, diphenylmethyl, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, or (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (X): 17

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000210.tif" id="idf0010" />

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (XI):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000211.tif" id="idf0011" />

R1 (XI) wherein: V is -O-, -N(CH3)- or -CH2- and Y is -N(CH3)- or -CH2-; 10 or V is -N(CH3)- or -CH2- and Y is -O-, -N(CH3)- or -CH2-; and R14 is hydrogen, [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl, pyridin-2-ylmethyl, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl or (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (XII):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000212.tif" id="idf0012" />

15 wherein: R1a is hydrogen or (pyridin-2-yl)methyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to compounds of formula (XIII):

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000213.tif" id="idf0013" />

20 18 wherein: E is -O- or -CH2-; J is -O- or -CH2-; U is a direct bond or -CH2-; and R1b is hydrogen, [3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl, diphenylmethyl, or [5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, the invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or as a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods for the treatment of pain in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or lessening the severity of a disease, condition, or disorder in a mammal where activation or hyperactivity of one or more of NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9 is implicated in the disease, condition or disorder, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating a range of sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions in a mammal, for example, pain associated 19 with HIV, HIV treatment induced neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, eudynia, heat sensitivity, tosarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohns disease, pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, arthritic, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, paroxysmal dystonia, myasthenia syndromes, myotonia, malignant hyperthermia, cystic fibrosis, pseudoaldosteronism, rhabdomyolysis, hypothyroidism, bipolar depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sodium channel toxin related illnesses, familial erythermalgia, primary erythermalgia, familial rectal pain, cancer, epilepsy, partial and general tonic seizures, restless leg syndrome, arrhythmias, fibromyalgia, neuroprotection under ischaemic conditions caused by stroke, glaucoma or neural trauma, tachy-arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof, preferably a human, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating a range of sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions in a mammal, preferably a human, by the inhibition of ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel in the mammal, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating or preventing hypercholesterolemia in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a 20 therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating or preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating or preventing pruritis in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides methods of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the methods comprise administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

In another aspect, the invention provides pharmaceutical therapy in combination with one or more other compounds of the invention or one or more other accepted therapies or as any combination thereof to increase the potency of an existing or future drug therapy or to decrease the adverse events associated with the 21 accepted therapy. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition combining compounds of the present invention with established or future therapies for the indications listed in the invention.

In another aspect, this invention is directed to the use of the compounds of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sodium channel-mediated diseases or conditions in a mammal.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

DEFINITIONS

Certain chemical groups named herein may be preceded by a shorthand notation indicating the total number of carbon atoms that are to be found in the indicated chemical group. For example; C7-C12alkyl describes an alkyl group, as defined below, having a total of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, and C4-C12cycloalkylalkyl describes a cycloalkylalkyl group, as defined below, having a total of 4 to 12 carbon atoms. The total number of carbons in the shorthand notation does not include carbons that may exist in substituents of the group described.

In addition to the foregoing, as used in the specification and appended claims, unless specified to the contrary, the following terms have the meaning indicated: "Amino" refers to the -NH2 radical. "Cyano" refers to the -CN radical. "Formyl" refers to the -C(O)H radical. "Hydroxy" refers to the -OH radical. "Nitro" refers to the -NO2 radical. "Oxo" refers to the =O substituent. "Thioxo" refers to the =S substituent. "Trifluoromethyl" refers to the -CF3 radical. "Alkyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing no unsaturation, having from one to twelve carbon atoms, preferably one to eight carbon atoms or one to six carbon atoms, and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., methyl, ethyl, 22 n-propyl, 1-methylethyl (iso-propyl), n-butyl, n-pentyl, 1,1-dimethylethyl (t-butyl), 3-methylhexyl, 2-methylhexyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkyl group may be optionally substituted by one of the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR40, -OC(O)-R40, -N(R40)2, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R40)2, -N(R40)C(O)OR42, -N(R40)C(O)R42, -N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Alkenyl" refers to a straight or branched hydrocarbon chain radical group consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, containing at least one double bond, having from two to twelve carbon atoms, preferably two to eight carbon atoms and which is attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond, e.g., ethenyl, prop-1-enyl, but-1-enyl, pent-1-enyl, penta-1,4-dienyl, and the like. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenyl group may be optionally substituted by one of the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR40, -OC(O)-R40, -N(R40)2, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R40)2, -N(R40)C(O)OR42, -N(R40)C(O)R42, -N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Alkylene" or "alkylene chain" refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing no unsaturation and having from one to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., methylene, ethylene, propylene, n-butylene, and the like. The alkylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a single bond. The points of attachment of the alkylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkylene chain may be optionally substituted by one of the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR40, -OC(O)-R40, -N(R40)2, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R40)2, 23 -N(R40)C(O)OR42, -N(R40)C(O)R42, -N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Alkenylene" or "alkenylene chain" refers to a straight or branched divalent hydrocarbon chain linking the rest of the molecule to a radical group, consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen, containing at least one double bond and having from two to twelve carbon atoms, e.g., ethenylene, propenylene, n-butenylene, and the like. The alkenylene chain is attached to the rest of the molecule through a single bond and to the radical group through a double bond or a single bond. The points of attachment of the alkenylene chain to the rest of the molecule and to the radical group can be through one carbon or any two carbons within the chain. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an alkenylene chain may be optionally substituted by one of the following groups: alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, aryl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclyl, heteroaryl, oxo, trimethylsilanyl, -OR40, -OC(O)-R40, -N(R40)2, -C(O)R40, -C(O)OR40, -C(O)N(R40)2, -N(R40)C(O)OR42, -N(R40)C(O)R42, -N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Aryl" refers to a hydrocarbon ring system radical comprising hydrogen, 6 to 18 carbon atoms and at least one aromatic ring. For purposes of this invention, the aryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may included fused or bridged ring systems. Aryl radicals include, but are not limited to, aryl radicals derived from aceanthrylene, acenaphthylene, acephenanthrylene, anthracene, azulene, benzene, chrysene, fluoranthene, fluorene, as-indacene, s-indacene, indane, indene, naphthalene, phenalene, phenanthrene, pleiadene, pyrene, and triphenylene. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, an aryl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, -R41-OR40, -R41-OC(O)-R40, -R41-N(R40)2, -R41-C(O)R40, -R41-C(O)OR40, -R41-C(O)N(R40)2, -R41-N(R40)C(O)OR42, -R41-N(R40)C(O)R42, -R41-N(R40)S(O)tR42 24 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-N=C(OR40)R40, -R41-S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -R41-S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; each R41 is independently a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Aralkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -Rb-Rc where Rb is an alkylene chain as defined above and Rc is one or more aryl radicals as defined above, for example, benzyl, diphenylmethyl and the like. The alkylene chain part of the aralkyl radical may be optionally substituted as described above for an alkylene chain. The aryl part of the aralkyl radical may be optionally substituted as described above for an aryl group. "Cycloalkyl" refers to a stable non-aromatic monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon radical consisting solely of carbon and hydrogen atoms, which may include fused or bridged ring systems, having from three to fifteen carbon atoms, preferably having from three to ten carbon atoms, and which is saturated or unsaturated and attached to the rest of the molecule by a single bond. Monocyclic radicals include, for example, cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl, cycloheptly, and cyclooctyl. Polycyclic radicals include, for example, adamantyl, norbornyl, decalinyl, 7,7-dimethyl-bicyclo[2.2.1]heptanyl, and the like. Unless otherwise stated specifically in the specification, a cycloalkyl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, cyano, nitro, oxo, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, -R41-OR40, -R41-OC(O)-R40, -R41-N(R40)2, -R41-C(O)R40, -R41-C(O)OR40, -R41-C(O)N(R40)2, -R41-N(R40)C(O)OR42, -R41-N(R40)C(O)R42, -R41-N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-N=C(OR40)R40, -R41-S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -R41-S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; each R41 is independently a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain; and each R42 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "Cycloalkylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbRg where Rb is an alkylene chain as defined above and Rg is a cycloalkyl radical as defined above. The alkylene chain and the cycloalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above. 25 "Fused" refers to any ring system described herein which is fused to an existing ring structure in the compounds of the invention. When the fused ring system is a heterocyclyl or a heteroaryl, any carbon in the existing ring structure which becomes part of the fused ring system may be replaced with a nitrogen. "Halo" refers to bromo, chloro, fluoro or iodo. "Haloalkyl" refers to an alkyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above, e.g., trifluoromethyl, difluoromethyl, trichloromethyl, 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl, 1-fluoromethyl-2-fluoroethyl, 3-bromo-2-fluoropropyl, 1-bromomethyl-2-bromoethyl, and the like. The alkyl part of the haloalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for an alkyl group. "Haloalkenyl" refers to an alkenyl radical, as defined above, that is substituted by one or more halo radicals, as defined above. The alkenyl part of the haloalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for an alkenyl group. "Heterocyclyl" refers to a stable 3- to 18-membered non-aromatic ring radical which consists of two to twelve carbon atoms and from one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, the heterocyclyl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heterocyclyl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized; and the heterocyclyl radical may be partially or fully saturated. Examples of such heterocyclyl radicals include, but are not limited to, dioxolanyl, thienyl[1,3]dithianyl, decahydroisoquinolyl, imidazolinyl, imidazolidinyl, isothiazolidinyl, isoxazolidinyl, morpholinyl, octahydroindolyl, octahydroisoindolyl, 2-oxopiperazinyl, 2-oxopiperidinyl, 2-oxopyrrolidinyl, oxazolidinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl, 4-piperidonyl, pyrrolidinyl, pyrazolidinyl, quinuclidinyl, thiazolidinyl, tetrahydrofuryl, trioxanyl, trithianyl, triazinanyl, tetrahydropyranyl, thiomorpholinyl, thiamorpholinyl, 1-oxo-thiomorpholinyl, and 1,1-dioxo-thiomorpholinyl. Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heterocyclyl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, cyano, oxo, thioxo, nitro, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, -R41-OR40, -R41-OC(O)-R40, -R41-N(R40)2, -R41-C(O)R40, -R41-C(O)OR40, -R41-C(O)N(R40)2, -R41-N(R40)C(O)OR42, -R41-N(R40)C(O)R42, -R41-N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-N=C(OR40)R40, -R41-S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -R41-S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, 26 aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; each R41 is independently a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain; and each R42 is alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "N-heterocyclyl" refers to a heterocyclyl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen. An N-heterocyclyl radical may be optionally substituted as described above for heterocyclyl radicals. "Heterocyclylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbRh where Rb is an alkylene chain as defined above and Rh is a heterocyclyl radical as defined above, and if the heterocyclyl is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclyl, the heterocyclyl may be attached to the alkyl radical at the nitrogen atom. The alkylene chain of the heterocyclylalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for an alkyene chain. The heterocyclyl part of the heterocyclylalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for a heterocyclyl group. "Heteroaryl" refers to a 5- to 14-membered ring system radical comprising hydrogen atoms, one to thirteen carbon atoms, one to six heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of nitrogen, oxygen and sulfur, and at least one aromatic ring. For purposes of this invention, the heteroaryl radical may be a monocyclic, bicyclic, tricyclic or tetracyclic ring system, which may include fused or bridged ring systems; and the nitrogen, carbon or sulfur atoms in the heteroaryl radical may be optionally oxidized; the nitrogen atom may be optionally quaternized. Examples include, but are not limited to, azepinyl, acridinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzthiazolyl, benzindolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzofuranyl, benzooxazolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzothiadiazolyl, benzo[b][1,4]dioxepinyl, 1,4-benzodioxanyl, benzonaphthofuranyl, benzoxazolyl, benzodioxolyl, benzodioxinyl, benzopyranyl, benzopyranonyl, benzofuranyl, benzofuranonyl, benzothienyl (benzothiophenyl), benzotriazolyl, benzo[4,6]imidazo[1,2-a]pyridinyl, benzoxazolinonyl, benzimidazolthionyl, carbazolyl, cinnolinyl, dibenzofuranyl, dibenzothiophenyl, furanyl, furanonyl, isothiazolyl, imidazolyl, indazolyl, indolyl, indazolyl, isoindolyl, indolinyl, isoindolinyl, isoquinolyl, indolizinyl, isoxazolyl, naphthyridinyl, oxadiazolyl, 2-oxoazepinyl, oxazolyl, oxiranyl, 1-oxidopyridinyl, 1-oxidopyrimidinyl, 1-oxidopyrazinyl, 1-oxidopyridazinyl, 1-phenyl-1H-pyrrolyl, phenazinyl, phenothiazinyl, phenoxazinyl, phthalazinyl, pteridinyl, pteridinonyl, purinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrazolyl, pyridinyl, pyridinonyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pryrimidinonyl, pyridazinyl, pyrrolyl, pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinonyl, quinazolinyl, quinazolinonyl, quinoxalinyl, quinoxalinonyl, quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, tetrahydroquinolinyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, thieno[3,2-d]pyrimidin-4-onyl, thieno[2,3- 27 d]pyrimidin-4-onyl, triazolyl, tetrazolyl, triazinyl, and thiophenyl (i.e. thienyl). Unless stated otherwise specifically in the specification, a heteroaryl group may be optionally substituted by one or more substituents selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, halo, haloalkyl, haloalkenyl, cyano, oxo, thioxo, nitro, thioxo, aryl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl, heteroarylalkyl, -R41-OR40, -R41-OC(O)-R40, -R41-N(R40)2, -R41-C(O)R40, -R41-C(O)OR40, -R41-C(O)N(R40)2, -R41-N(R40)C(O)OR42, -R41-N(R40)C(O)R42, -R41-N(R40)S(O)tR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-N=C(OR40)R40, -R41-S(O)tOR42 (where t is 1 to 2), -R41-S(O)pR42 (where p is 0 to 2), and -R41-S(O)tN(R40)2 (where t is 1 to 2) where each R40 is independently hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl; each R41 is independently a direct bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene chain; and each R42 is alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heterocyclyl, heterocyclylalkyl, heteroaryl or heteroarylalkyl. "N-heteroaryl" refers to a heteroaryl radical as defined above containing at least one nitrogen and where the point of attachment of the heteroaryl radical to the rest of the molecule is through a nitrogen atom in the heteroaryl radical. An N-heteroaryl radical may be optionally substituted as described above for heteroaryl radicals. "Heteroarylalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbRi where Rb is an alkylene chain as defined above and Ri is a heteroaryl radical as defined above. The heteroaryl part of the heteroarylalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for a heteroaryl group. The alkylene chain part of the heteroarylalkyl radical may be optionally substituted as defined above for an alkylene chain. "Hydroxyalkyl" refers to a radical of the formula -RbOH where Rb is an alkylene chain as defined above. The -OH group can be attached to any carbon in the alkylene chain. The alkylene chain part of the heteroarylalkyl radical may additionally be optionally substituted as defined above for an alkylene chain. "Analgesia" refers to an absence of pain in response to a stimulus that would normally be painful. "Allodynia" refers to a condition in which a normally innocuous sensation, such as pressure or light touch, is perceived as being extremely painful. "Prodrugs" is meant to indicate a compound that may be converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis to a biologically active compound of the invention. Thus, the term "prodrug" refers to a metabolic precursor of a compound of the invention that is pharmaceutically acceptable. A prodrug may be inactive when administered to a subject in need thereof, but is converted in vivo to an active 28 212400/2 compound of the invention. Prodrugs are typically rapidly transformed in vivo to yield the parent compound of the invention, for example, by hydrolysis in blood. The prodrug compound often offers advantages of solubility, tissue compatibility or delayed release in a mammalian organism (see, Bundgard, H., Design of Prodrugs (1985), pp. 7-9, 21-24 (Elsevier,

Amsterdam)).A discussion of prodrugs is provided in Higuchi, T., et al., "Pro-drugs as Novel

Delivery Systems," A.C.S. Symposium Series, Vol. 14, and in Bioreversible Carriers in Drug

Design, Ed. Edward B. Roche, American Pharmaceutical Association and Pergamon Press, 1987.

The term "prodrug" is also meant to include any covalently bonded carriers, which release the active compound of the invention in vivo when such prodrug is administered to a mammalian subject. Prodrugs of a compound of the invention may be prepared by modifying functional groups present in the compound of the invention in such a way that the modifications are cleaved, either in routine manipulation or in vivo, to the parent compound of the invention. Prodrugs include compounds of the invention wherein a hydroxy, amino or mercapto group is bonded to any group that, when the prodrug of the compound of the invention is administered to a mammalian subject, cleaves to form a free hydroxy, free amino or free mercapto group, respectively. Examples of prodrugs include, but are not limited to, acetate, formate and benzoate derivatives of alcohol or amide derivatives of amine functional groups in the compounds of the invention and the like.

The invention disclosed herein is also meant to encompass all pharmaceutically acceptable compounds of the invention being isotopically-labelled by having one or more atoms replaced by an atom having a different atomic mass or mass number. Examples of isotopes that can be incorporated into the disclosed compounds include isotopes of hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorous, fluorine, chlorine, and iodine, such as 2H, 3H, 11C, 13C, 14C, 13N, 15N, 15O, 17O, 18O, 31P, 32P, 35S, 18F, 36Cl, 123I, and 125I, respectively. These radiolabelled compounds could be useful to help determine or measure the effectiveness of the compounds, by characterizing, for example, the site or mode of action on the sodium channels, or binding affinity to pharmacologically important site of action on the sodium channels. Certain isotopically-labelled compounds of the invention, for example, those incorporating a radioactive isotope, are useful in drug and/or substrate tissue distribution studies. The radioactive isotopes tritium, i.e. 3H, and carbon-14, i.e. 14C, are particularly useful for this purpose in view of their ease of incorporation and ready means of detection.

Substitution with heavier isotopes such as deuterium, i.e. 2H, may afford certain 29 therapeutic advantages resulting from greater metabolic stability, for example, increased in vivo half-life or reduced dosage requirements, and hence may be preferred in some circumstances.

Substitution with positron emitting isotopes, such as 11C, 18F, 15O and 13N, can be useful in Positron Emission Topography (PET) studies for examining substrate receptor occupancy. Isotopically-labeled compounds of the invention can generally be prepared by conventional techniques known to those skilled in the art or by processes analogous to those described in the Preparations and Examples as set out below using an appropriate isotopically-labeled reagent in place of the non-labeled reagent previously employed.

The invention disclosed herein is also meant to encompass the in vivo metabolic products of the disclosed compounds. Such products may result from, for example, the oxidation, reducation, hydrolysis, amidation, esterification, and the like of the administered compound, primarily due to enzymatic processes. Accordingly, the invention includes compounds produced by a process comprising contacting a compound of this invention with a mammal for a period of time sufficient to yield a metabolic product thereof. Such products are typically are identified by administering a radiolabelled compound of the invention in a detectable dose to an animal, such as rat, mouse, guinea pig, monkey, or to human, allowing sufficient time for metabolism to occur, and isolating its coversion products from the urine, blood or other biological samples. "Stable compound" and "stable structure" are meant to indicate a compound that is sufficiently robust to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity from a reaction mixture, and formulation into an efficacious therapeutic agent. "Mammal" includes humans and both domestic animals such as laboratory animals and household pets, ( e.g. cats, dogs, swine, cattle, sheep, goats, horses, rabbits), and non-domestic animals such as wildelife and the like. "Optional" or "optionally" means that the subsequently described event of circumstances may or may not occur, and that the description includes instances where said event or circumstance occurs and instances in which it does not. For example, "optionally substituted aryl" means that the aryl radical may or may not be substituted and that the description includes both substituted aryl radicals and aryl radicals having no substitution. When a functional group is described as "optionally substituted," and in turn, substitutents on the functional group are also "optionally substituted" and so on, for the purposes of this invention, such iterations are limited to five. 30 "Pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient" includes without limitation any adjuvant, carrier, excipient, glidant, sweetening agent, diluent, preservative, dye/colorant, flavor enhancer, surfactant, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, stabilizer, isotonic agent, solvent, or emulsifier which has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration as being acceptable for use in humans or domestic animals. "Pharmaceutically acceptable salt" includes both acid and base addition salts. "Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt" refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free bases, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable, and which are formed with inorganic acids such as, but are not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, and organic acids such as, but not limited to, acetic acid, 2,2-dichloroacetic acid, adipic acid, alginic acid, ascorbic acid, aspartic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, benzoic acid, 4-acetamidobenzoic acid, camphoric acid, camphor-10-sulfonic acid, capric acid, caproic acid, caprylic acid, carbonic acid, cinnamic acid, citric acid, cyclamic acid, dodecylsulfuric acid, ethane-1,2-disulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, formic acid, fumaric acid, galactaric acid, gentisic acid, glucoheptonic acid, gluconic acid, glucuronic acid, glutamic acid, glutaric acid, 2-oxo-glutaric acid, glycerophosphoric acid, glycolic acid, hippuric acid, isobutyric acid, lactic acid, lactobionic acid, lauric acid, maleic acid, malic acid, malonic acid, mandelic acid, methanesulfonic acid, mucic acid, naphthalene-1,5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2-sulfonic acid, 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoic acid, nicotinic acid, oleic acid, orotic acid, oxalic acid, palmitic acid, pamoic acid, propionic acid, pyroglutamic acid, pyruvic acid, salicylic acid, 4-aminosalicylic acid, sebacic acid, stearic acid, succinic acid, tartaric acid, thiocyanic acid, p-toluenesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, undecylenic acid, and the like. "Pharmaceutically acceptable base addition salt" refers to those salts which retain the biological effectiveness and properties of the free acids, which are not biologically or otherwise undesirable. These salts are prepared from addition of an inorganic base or an organic base to the free acid. Salts derived from inorganic bases include, but are not limited to, the sodium, potassium, lithium, ammonium, calcium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, aluminum salts and the like. Preferred inorganic salts are the ammonium, sodium, potassium, calcium, and magnesium salts. Salts derived from organic bases include, but are not limited to, salts of primary, secondary, and tertiary amines, substituted amines including naturally occurring substituted amines, cyclic amines and basic ion exchange resins, such as ammonia, 31 isopropylamine, trimethylamine, diethylamine, triethylamine, tripropylamine, diethanolamine, ethanolamine, deanol, 2-dimethylaminoethanol, 2-diethylaminoethanol, dicyclohexylamine, lysine, arginine, histidine, caffeine, procaine, hydrabamine, choline, betaine, benethamine, benzathine, ethylenediamine, glucosamine, methylglucamine, theobromine, triethanolamine, tromethamine, purines, piperazine, piperidine, N-ethylpiperidine, polyamine resins and the like. Particularly preferred organic bases are isopropylamine, diethylamine, ethanolamine, trimethylamine, dicyclohexylamine, choline and caffeine.

Often crystallizations produce a solvate of the compound of the invention. As used herein, the term "solvate" refers to an aggregate that comprises one or more molecules of a compound of the invention with one or more molecules of solvent. The solvent may be water, in which case the solvate may be a hydrate. Alternatively, the solvent may be an organic solvent. Thus, the compounds of the present invention may exist as a hydrate, including a monohydrate, dihydrate, hemihydrate, sesquihydrate, trihydrate, tetrahydrate and the like, as well as the corresponding solvated forms. The compound of the invention may be true solvates, while in other cases, the compound of the invention may merely retain adventitious water or be a mixture of water plus some adventitious solvent. A "pharmaceutical composition" refers to a formulation of a compound of the invention and a medium generally accepted in the art for the delivery of the biologically active compound to mammals, e.g., humans. Such a medium includes all pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents or excipients therefor. "Therapeutically effective amount" refers to that amount of a compound of the invention which, when administered to a mammal, preferably a human, is sufficient to effect treatment, as defined below, of a sodium channel-mediated disease or condition in the mammal, preferably a human. The amount of a compound of the invention which constitutes a "therapeutically effective amount" will vary depending on the compound, the condition and its severity, the manner of administration, and the age of the mammal to be treated, but can be determined routinely by one of ordinary skill in the art having regard to his own knowledge and to this disclosure. "Treating" or "treatment" as used herein covers the treatment of the disease or condition of interest in a mammal, preferably a human, having the disease or condition of interest, and includes: (a) preventing the disease or condition from occurring in a mammal, in particular, when such mammal is predisposed to the condition but has not yet been diagnosed as having it; 32 (b) inhibiting the disease or condition, i.e., arresting its development; (c) relieving the disease or condition, i.e., causing regression of the disease or condition; or (d) relieving the symptoms resulting from the disease or condition, i.e., relieving pain without addressing the underlying disease or condition.

As used herein, the terms "disease" and "condition" may be used interchangeably or may be different in that the particular malady or condition may not have a known causative agent (so that etiology has not yet been worked out) and it is therefore not yet recognized as a disease but only as an undesirable condition or syndrome, wherein a more or less specific set of symptoms have been identified by clinicians.

The compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts may contain one or more asymmetric centres and may thus give rise to enantiomers, diastereomers, and other stereoisomeric forms that may be defined, in terms of absolute stereochemistry, as (R)- or (S)- or, as (D)- or (L)- for amino acids. The present invention is meant to include all such possible isomers, as well as their racemic and optically pure forms. Optically active (+) and (-), (R)- and (S)-, or (D)- and (L)- isomers may be prepared using chiral synthons or chiral reagents, or resolved using conventional techniques, for example, chromatography and fractional crystallisation. Conventional techniques for the preparation/isolation of individual enantiomers include chiral synthesis from a suitable optically pure precursor or resolution of the racemate (or the racemate of a salt or derivative) using, for example, chiral high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). When the compounds described herein contain olefinic double bonds or other centres of geometric asymmetry, and

unless specified otherwise, it is intended that the compounds include both E and Z geometric isomers. Likewise, all tautomeric forms are also intended to be included. A "stereoisomer" refers to a compound made up of the same atoms bonded by the same bonds but having different three-dimensional structures, which are not interchangeable. The present invention contemplates various stereoisomers and mixtures thereof and includes "enantiomers", which refers to two stereoisomers whose molecules are nonsuperimposeable mirror images of one another. A "tautomer" refers to a proton shift from one atom of a molecule to another atom of the same molecule. The present invention includes tautomers of any said compounds.

Also within the scope of the invention are intermediate compounds of the invention and all polymorphs of the aforementioned species and crystal habits thereof. 33

The chemical naming protocol and structure diagrams used herein are a modified form of the I.U.P.A.C. nomenclature system, using the ACD/Name Version 9.07 software program, wherein the compounds of the invention are named herein as derivatives of a central core structure. For complex chemical names employed herein, 5 a substituent group is named before the group to which it attaches. For example, cyclopropylethyl comprises an ethyl backbone with cyclopropyl substituent. In chemical structure diagrams, all bonds are identified, except for some carbon atoms, which are assumed to be bonded to sufficient hydrogen atoms to complete the valency. 10 Thus, for example, a compound of formula (I), as set forth above in the

Summary of the Invention, wherein n is 1, J is -CH2-, K is -O-, R2 is hydrogen and R1 is (2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl; i.e., a compound of the following formula: is named herein as 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-4H-spiro[furo[3,2- 15 g][1,3]benzodioxine-6,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

One embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (I), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (I) wherein J is 20 -O- and K is -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (I) selected from: 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-N-pentyl-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-4'-carboxamide; 25 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8R)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- 34 indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; (R) -3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one; (S) -2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g] [1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6'-isopentyl-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,8'-thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]- 7'(6'H)-one; 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,3',7'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3- f] indole-8,8'-benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxin]-7(6H)-one; 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g] [1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one hydrochloride; 1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 35 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (R) -1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (S) -1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate; 1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8R)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid; N,N-dimethyl-5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxamide; (8S)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 36 4'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4'-bromo-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-5'-carbonitrile; 5'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; phenyl 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxylate; 4',5'-dimethoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4',7'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,8'- furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxin]-7(6H)-one 6'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'- [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one; 7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 37 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one; 4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3'-[2-(fluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'-inden]- 2'(3'H)-one; 3- [(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzonitrile; 1'-(4-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4- [(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzonitrile; 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-{[(8S)-2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl]methyl}benzonitrile; (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (S)-1'-(2-oxobutyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'- one; 1'-[(4-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 38 1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (8R)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5'-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 39 1'-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4'-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile; ethyl 2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxylate; 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (S)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (R)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-hexyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-methoxybutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(3-methoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(3-nitrobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine- 40 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8R)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'- (2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide; 1'-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[2-(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'- indolin]-2'-one; 7'-fluoro-1'-((3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6- b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one; 41 3'-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'-inden]- 2'(3'H)-one; 1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl {5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate; 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; ethyl (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetate; 1'-{[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-bromo-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzoate; methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate; 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-{[(2S)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; ethyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate; 2-[3-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]- 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 2-[3-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]- 1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; (8S)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'- [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one; 42 6'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'- [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one; 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetic acid; 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxylic acid; 3'-[(3-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'- inden]-2'(3'H)-one; 3'-{[3-(methylsulfonyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,1'-inden]-2'(3'H)-one; 2-[(2'-oxo-2,2',3,3'-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'-inden]-3'- yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carbonitrile; (8S)-1'-{[3-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N'-hydroxy-3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide; 1'-[3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid; 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid; N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)ethanimidamide; 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)acetohydrazide; 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3-aminobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 43 one; N-{3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]phenyl}methanesulfonamide; 1'-[(1-oxydopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxylic acid; 1'-[(3-aminopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrobromide; N-{2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]pyridine-3-yl}methanesulfonamide; 1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-{[1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-[(2S)-morpholin-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (8S)-1'-{[(2S)-4-methylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(difluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-methyl-2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- 44 yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide; N-(2-aminoethyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxamide dihydrochloride; N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; 1'-methyl-4'-(2-oxo-2H-chromen-7-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(2-oxopyrrolidin-1-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-morpholin-4-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(2-oxopyridin-1(2H)-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-amino-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)cyclobutanecarboxamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)methanesulfonamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)cyclohexanecarboxamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)cyclopentanecarboxamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)acetamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)cyclopropanecarboxamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)benzamide; 2-methoxy-N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)acetamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)propanamide; 45 N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)pentanamide; 2,2-dimethyl-N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)propanamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)hexanamide; N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'- yl)heptanamide; 2-(2-methoxyethoxy)-N-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)acetamide; 1-hexyl-3-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-4'-yl)urea; 1-cyclopentyl-3-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)urea; 1-cyclohexyl-3-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)urea; N-cyclohexyl-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; N-cyclopentyl-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; 1'-methyl-4'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylcarbonyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-(2-methoxyethyl)-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; N-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; N-hexyl-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-4'-carboxamide; 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; N-(4-fluorophenyl)-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxamide; 4'-amino-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(benzylamino)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 46 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-amino-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g] [1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-hydroxy-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-methyl-4'-(pyridin-2-yloxy)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one 4'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethoxy]-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]oxy}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenoxy]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(benzyloxy)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methoxy}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H- spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one; 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6- b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4'-furan-3-yl-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-methyl-4'-(1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(1-methyl-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'- carbonitrile; 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'- carboxamide; 1'-methyl-4'-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 47 4'-(3,5-dimethylisoxazol-4-yl)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N,1'-dimethyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]- 4'-carboxamide; N-cyclobutyl-1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-4'-carboxamide; N,N,1'-trimethyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-4'-carboxamide; 4'-(3-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4-phenoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-methyl-4'-(3-morpholin-4-ylphenoxy )-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)oxy]-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yloxy)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-methoxyphenoxy)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4-(pyridine-2-ylmethoxy)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1'-methyl-4-(4-fluorobenzyloxy)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 4,-(4-fluorophenoxy)-1,-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]- 2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)- one; 1,-(3-hydroxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)- one; ethyl 2,-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indole]-1,(2,H)- carboxylate; tert-butyl 2,-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indole]-1,(2,H)- carboxylate; 1,-{[(3aR,5R,5aS,8aS,8bR)-2,2,7,7-tetramethyltetrahydro-3aH-bis[1,3]dioxolo[4,5- b:4,,5,-d]pyran-5-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,- 48 indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-deoxy-6-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)- D-galactopyranose; 1'-cyclopropyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-acetyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-acetyl-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(5-hydroxy-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[3-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(3-amino-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-[4-(3-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indole]-5'-carboxamide; 1'-[(6-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-({6-[(diphenylmethylidene)amino]pyridin-2-yl}methyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-morpholin-4-ylpyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g] [1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(dimethylamino)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(6-aminopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 49 1'-[(6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-hydroxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(1-methyl-6-oxo-1,6-dihydropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(6-aminopyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N'-hydroxy-N-{5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}imidoformamide; 1'-([1,2,4]triazolo[1,5-a]pyridin-6-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2S)-2,3-dihydroxypropyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 6-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]pyridine-2-carbonitrile; or 6-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]pyridine-2-carboxamide.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (I) wherein J is -CH2- and K is -O-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is the compound of formula (I) which is 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-4H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,3]benzodioxine-6,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (I) wherein both J and K are each -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (I) selected from: 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (II), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (II) where each R3a is hydrogen.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (II) where 50 each R3a is fluoro.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (II) selected from: tert-butyl 4'-bromo-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-1'(2'H)-carboxylate; 1'-{[2,5-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-bromospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(4-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(1-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile; 7'-(trifluoromethyl)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl [1-cyclopropyl-3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]carbamate; 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propanenitrile; 1'-[(2-bromo-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 51 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile; 1'-[(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 4'-bromo-1'-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile ; 1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile; 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4- yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3] benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-{[2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 52 1'-{2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-{1-[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one hydrogen chloride; 1'-[(3-methyl-2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-isopropyl-3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxamide; 5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]thiophene-3- carbonitrile; 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile; N-Methyl-5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxamide; 5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-2- (trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxamide; N,N-dimethyl-5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]- 2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxamide; N-cyclopropyl-2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]- 53 1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide; N-(1-methylethyl)-2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide; 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-4'-(3-furyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; and 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-{[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-([1,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (7S)-4'-furan-3-yl-1'-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (7R)-4'-furan-3-yl-1'-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (7R)-4'-bromo-1'-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (7S)-4'-bromo-1'-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (7S)-4'-furan-3-ylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (7R)-4'-furan-3-ylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-4'-(tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 6-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrimidine- 54 2,4(1H,3H)-dione.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (III), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (III) wherein each R6 is independently hydrogen, chloro, bromo, fluoro, methyl, cyano, amino, -C(O)H, -CH2-N(CH3)2, (pyrrolidin-1-yl)methyl, 6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl, 2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl, dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl, benzothiophen-3-yl, 1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl, 3,5-di(triflouromethyl)phenyl, 4-phenoxyphenyl, 4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl, 4-butoxyphenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, pyrimidin-5-yl or furan-3-yl.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (III) wherein two R6's, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused dioxinyl ring or a fused pyridinyl ring.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (III) wherein L is -O- and M is -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (III) selected from: (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3S)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1-(pyridazin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 4'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 7'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3- f]indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b]furan]-7(6H)-one; 6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3- f]indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b]furan]-7(6H)-one; 55 4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate; 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate; 1'-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-benzyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(3-bromoisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 56 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzonitrile; 4-((2'-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indoline]-1'- yl)methyl)benzonitrile; 4'-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carbonitrile; 1'-{(2S)-2-[(benzyloxy)methoxy]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo-[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 57 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-chloro-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5- b]furan-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one; (3R)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; (3R)-1'-pentyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3R)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (3R)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; (3S)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 58 one; 1'-[(7-fluoro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridazin-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(2H-benzotriazol-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate; methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate; methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate; 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 5'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-{[1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- 59 yl)methyl]benzoic acid; 1'-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid; 1'-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbonitrile; 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbaldehyde; 4'-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 60 1'-{[4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-morpholin-4-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyrrolidin-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; N-(1-methylethyl)-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxamide; (3S)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3R)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3R)-1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3S)-1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2”(1'H)-one; 1'-{[(2S)-1-methyl-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-(cyclohexylmethyl)-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-methoxyethyl)-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-hexyl-N-methyl-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-ethylbutyl)-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N-(2- phenylpropyl)benzamide; N-[(1S)-1-cyclohexylethyl]-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 61 N-[(1R)-1-cyclohexylethyl]-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-ethylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-fluorophenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(3-chlorophenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-heptyl-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-chlorobenzyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 1'-[2-(piperidin-1-ylcarbonyl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-butyl-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(3-methylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-fluoro-5-methylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-[2-(4-methoxyphenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(3-chlorobenzyl)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-[2-(4-chlorophenyl)ethyl]-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 62 N-(2-methoxyphenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N-[2- (trifluoromethyl)phenyl]benzamide; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N- phenylbenzamide; N-methyl-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-fluorophenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N-(2- thiophen-2-ylethyl)benzamide; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,3-dihydro-1H-inden-5-yl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 1'-[4-(morpholin-4-ylcarbonyl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-(2-ethylphenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(3-fluorophenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N- (thiophen-2-ylmethyl)benzamide; N-ethyl-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-methoxyethyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-ethoxyethyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-cyclobutyl-4-[(2-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3-indol]-1(2H)- yl)methyl]benzamide; 63 4- [(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-N- 1,3-thiazol-2-ylbenzamide; N-(3-fluoro-2-methylphenyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; N-(2-ethylbutyl)-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide; 2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N-(4-ethylphenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N,N-diethyl-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)acetamide; N-(3,3-dimethylbutyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N-[3-(1-methylethoxy)propyl]-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; 2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N- propylacetamide; N-methyl-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N- phenylacetamide; N-(2,5-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N-(2,4-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N-(2,3-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)-2-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 1'(2'H)-yl)acetamide; 5- [(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan- 2-carboxylic acid; N,N-dimethyl-5-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxamide; N-methyl-5-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxamide; 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3- oxazole-4-carboxamide; N,N-dimethyl-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- 64 yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide; 1'-[(2S)-2-hydroxypropyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(2S)-2-(benzyloxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{(2S)-2-[(4-fluorobenzyl)oxy]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2S)-2-(pyridin-2-ylmethoxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(3-hydroxybutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4,4,4-trifluoro-3-hydroxybutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propanal; 1'-{3-[(3-methylbutyl)amino]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-{3-[butyl(methyl)amino]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 1'-{3-[(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)amino]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 3-{[3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]amino}propanenitrile hydrochloride; 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-[(E)-2-(4-fluorophenyl)ethenyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-dibenzo[b,d]thiophen-4-yl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(1-benzothiophen-3-yl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(1-methyl-1H-indol-5-yl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-[4-(2-methylpropoxy)phenyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- 65 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-butoxyphenyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 4'-pyrimidin-5-yl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; and 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6'-(diphenylmethyl)-2',3',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8'- [1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7'(6'H)-one; 3'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,1'-pyrrolo[3,2- f]quinolin]-2'(3'H)-one; 2',3',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8'-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7'(6'H)- one; 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 2-[3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-1H- isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione; 1'-(3-aminopropyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-[3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-2- (trifluoromethoxy)benzamide; or 1'-(4-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one. Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (III) wherein L is -CH2- and M is -O-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (III) selected from: 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (IV), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (IV) wherein 66 each R8 is independently hydrogen, hydroxy, bromo, chloro, cyano, fluoro, methyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxy, 1-methylethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, benzyloxy, 1-(tert- butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, amino, sulfonylamino, methylsulfonylamino, [(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl or (pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (IV) wherein two R8 groups, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused dioxinyl ring, a fused thienyl ring, a fused 1,1-dioxothienyl ring, a fused 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl ring, a fused tetrahydropyranyl ring, a fused 2,3-dihydropyrazinyl ring, a fused 3-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl ring or a fused pyrazinyl ring, and the remaining R8 group, if present, is hydrogen, hydroxy, bromo, chloro, cyano, fluoro, methyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxy, 1-methylethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, benzyloxy, 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, amino, sulfonylamino, methylsulfonylamino, [(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl or (pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (IV) selected from: 1,-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one; 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5,-dioxide; spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5,-dioxide; or 1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5,- dioxide. 1,-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-7,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)- one; 5- (benzyloxy)-1,-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 6- bromo-1,-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 6-(benzyloxy)-1,-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 6-(benzyloxy)-1,-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one; 6-bromo-1,-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)- one; 67 5-bromo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-bromospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl 3-{[1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl]oxy}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)oxy]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; (3S)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; (3R)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-benzyl-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-Fluoro-5-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 68 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; N-{2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-6-yl}methanesulfonamide; 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(trifluoroacetyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; 6-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-hydroxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 6-(1-methylethoxy)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl (3S)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; 6-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; tert-butyl (3R)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; 6-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 69 tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)oxy]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate; (3S)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrogen chloride; (3R)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-[(4-methylpiperazin-1-yl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrogen chloride; 6-hydroxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5- carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5- carbonitrile; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5- (benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6- chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile; 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile; 2.3- dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2.3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile; 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indole]-6-carbonitrile; 70 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; tert-butyl 4-[(5,6-difluoro-2'-oxospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate; 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f] [1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihyrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-methoxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5- carbonitrile; 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5- carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5- carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran- 3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indole]-5-carbonitrile; 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile; 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine- 71 9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 5,6-difluoro-1'-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; N',6-dihydroxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indole]-5-carboximidamide; 6-hydroxy-2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran- 3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile; 6-hydroxy-2'-oxo-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indole]-5-carbonitrile; 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-5-(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 5,6-difluoro-1'-{4-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]benzyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one; 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-chloro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 9-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 9-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 9-fluoro-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 6-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; and 6-chloro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2- f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (V), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (V) selected 72 from the group consisting of: 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine- 9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (VI), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) wherein Z is -O- or -N(H)- and R10a is hydrogen or methyl.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) wherein Z is -O- and R10a is methyl.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) wherein Z is -N(H)- and R10a is hydrogen.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) selected from: 1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-f]indazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-f]indazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-((3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-1,6-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f]indazole-5,3'- indolin]-2'-one; 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole- 5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 73 one; 3-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 3-methyl-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 3-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole- 5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; 3-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-methyl-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one; methyl 2-[(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate; 2- [(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3- oxazole-4-carboxylic acid; N,N-dimethyl-2-[(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxamide; 3- {4-[(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]phenyl}-3-oxopropanenitrile; or 1'-[4-(3-amino-1H-pyrazol-5-yl)benzyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) wherein R10a is -NH2.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VI) selected from: 3-amino-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 3-amino-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one; 3-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 3-amino-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]- 74 2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (VII), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VII) wherein Y is -O-.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (VII) wherein Y is -S-.

Of this embodiment, another embodiment is a compound of formula (VII) selected from: 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (VIII), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VIII) wherein W is a direct bond.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VIII) selected from: 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)- dione; 1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione; or 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'- indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VIII) wherein W is -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (VIII) selected from: 75 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]- 2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione; 1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione; or 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'- indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (IX), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (IX) wherein U is a direct bond.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (IX) selected from: 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)- dione; 3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione; 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'- indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione; or 3- methyl-1'-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d]oxazole-7,3'- indoline]-2,2'(3H,6H)-dione.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (IX) wherein U is -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (IX) selected from: 4- methyl-4,7-dihydrospiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]oxazine-8,3'-indoline]-2',3(2H)-dione; or 4-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'- indole]-2',3(1'H,4H)-dione.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (X), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention, which is 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- ylmethyl]spiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-2',5(1'H,6H)-dione.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (XI), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) wherein both V and Y are each -CH2-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) selected from: 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)- one; 76 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one; or 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3- b]furan]-2(1H)-one.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) wherein V is -O- and Y is -N(CH3)-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) selected from: 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride; or 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) wherein V is -N(CH3)- and Y is -O-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) which is 4-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) wherein V is -CH2- and Y is -O-.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XI) selected from: 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro-[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (XII), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XII) selected from: 6-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]- 2',7(1'H,6H)-dione; or 6-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (XIII), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention.

Of this embodiment, one embodiment is a compound of formula (XIII) selected from: 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 77 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-7,8-dihyrdospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3- g][1,3]benzodioxine-4,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one; or 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene- 5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one.

Another embodiment of the invention is a compound of formula (Ia): 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000214.tif" id="idf0014" />

(Ia) wherein: R15 is as defined for R1, R3, R5, R7, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 or R14 in compounds of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V), formula (VI), formula (VII), formula (VII), formula (VIII), formula (IX) and formula (XI), respectively, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention; R16 is as defined for R2, R4 or R6 in compounds of formula (I), formula (II) and formula (III), respectively, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention; and is a fused ring selected from the following:

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000215.tif" id="idf0015" />

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where J, K, L, M, U, V, W, Y and Z are as described as for the compounds of formula (I), formula (III), formula (VI), formula (VII), formula (VIII), formula (IX), formula (XI) and formula (XIII), as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention; © or is a single substituent (i.e. not a fused ring) on the phenyl ring selected from-N(R26)R27, -OR30 or -C(O)R31 where R26 and R27 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl; 20 78 R30 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl, and R31 is alkyl or haloalkyl; as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

Another embodiment of the invention is a method of treating, preventing or ameliorating a disease or a condition in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of pain, depression, cardiovascular diseases, respiratory diseases, and psychiatric diseases, and combinations thereof, and wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

One embodiment of this embodiment is wherein the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, visceral pain, cancer pain, chemotherapy pain, trauma pain, surgical pain, post-surgical pain, childbirth pain, labor pain, neurogenic bladder, ulcerative colitis, chronic pain, persistent pain, peripherally mediated pain, dental pain, centrally mediated pain, chronic headache, migraine headache, sinus headache, tension headache, phantom limb pain, peripheral nerve injury, and combinations thereof.

Another embodiment of this embodiment is wherein the disease or condition is selected from the group consisting of pain associated with HIV, HIV treatment induced neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, post-herpetic neuralgia, eudynia, heat sensitivity, tosarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome, Crohns disease, pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, arthritic, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, atherosclerosis, paroxysmal dystonia, myasthenia syndromes, myotonia, malignant hyperthermia, cystic fibrosis, pseudoaldosteronism, rhabdomyolysis, hypothyroidism, bipolar depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sodium channel toxin related illnesses, familial erythermalgia, primary erythermalgia, familial rectal pain, cancer, epilepsy, partial and general tonic seizures, restless leg syndrome, arrhythmias, fibromyalgia, neuroprotection under ischaemic conditions caused by stroke or neural trauma, tachy-arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of treating pain in a 79 mammal, preferably a human, by the inhibition of ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel in the mammal, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of treating or preventing hypercholesterolemia in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of treating or preventing benign prostatic hyperplasia in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of treating or preventing pruritis in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as 80 a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of treating or preventing cancer in a mammal, preferably a human, wherein the method comprises administering to the mammal in need thereof a therapeutically effective amount of an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Another embodiment of the invention is the method of decreasing ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel in a cell in a mammal, wherein the method comprises contacting the cell with an embodiment of a compound of the invention, as set forth above, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof.

Specific embodiments of the compounds of the invention are described in more detail below in the Preparation of the Compounds of the Invention.

UTILITY AND TESTING OF THE COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of the invention modulate, preferably inhibit, ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel in a mammal, especially in a human. Any such modulation, whether it be partial or complete inhibition or prevention of ion flux, is sometimes referred to herein as "blocking" and corresponding compounds as "blockers" or "inhibitors". In general, the compounds of the invention modulate the activity of a sodium channel downwards, inhibit the voltage-dependent activity of the sodium channel, and/or reduce or prevent sodium ion flux across a cell membrane by preventing sodium channel activity such as ion flux.

The compounds of the invention inhibit the ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel. Preferably, the compounds are state or frequency dependent modifers of the sodium channels, having a low affinity for the rested/closed state and a high affinity for the inactivated state. These compounds are likely to interact with overlapping sites located in the inner cavity of the sodium conducting pore of the channel similar to that described for other state-dependent sodium channel 81 blockers (Cestele, S., et al., op. cit.). These compounds may also be likely to interact with sites outside of the inner cavity and have allosteric effects on sodium ion conduction through the channel pore.

Any of these consequences may ultimately be responsible for the overall therapeutic benefit provided by these compounds.

Accordingly, the compounds of the invention are sodium channel blockers and are therefore useful for treating diseases and conditions in mammals, preferably humans, and other organisms, including all those human diseases and conditions which are the result of aberrant voltage-dependent sodium channel biological activity or which may be ameliorated by modulation of voltage-dependent sodium channel biological activity.

As defined herein, a sodium channel-mediated disease or condition refers to a disease or condition in a mammal, preferably a human, which is ameliorated upon modulation of the sodium channel and includes, but is not limited to, pain, central nervous conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression and bipolar disease; cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation; neuromuscular conditions such as restless leg syndrome and muscle paralysis or tetanus; neuroprotection against stroke, neural trauma and multiple sclerosis; and channelopathies such as erythromyalgia and familial rectal pain syndrome.

The present invention therefore relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment of sodium channel-mediated diseases in mammals, preferably humans and preferably diseases related to pain, central nervous conditions such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression and bipolar disease; cardiovascular conditions such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation; neuromuscular conditions such as restless leg syndrome and muscle paralysis or tetanus; neuroprotection against stroke, neural trauma and multiple sclerosis; and channelopathies such as erythromyalgia and familial rectal pain syndrome, by administering to a mammal, preferably a human, in need of such treatment an effective amount of a sodium channel blocker modulating, especially inhibiting, agent.

Accordingly, the present invention provides a method for treating a mammal for, or protecting a mammal from developing, a sodium channel-mediated disease, especially pain, comprising administering to the mammal, especially a human, in need thereof, a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention or a pharmaceutical composition comprising a therapeutically effective amount of a 82 compound of the invention wherein the compound modulates the activity of one or more voltage-dependent sodium channels.

The general value of the compounds of the invention in mediating, especially inhibiting, the sodium channel ion flux can be determined using the assays described below in the Biological Assays section. Alternatively, the general value of the compounds in treating conditions and diseases in humans may be established in industry standard animal models for demonstrating the efficacy of compounds in treating pain. Animal models of human neuropathic pain conditions have been developed that result in reproducible sensory deficits (allodynia, hyperalgesia, and spontaneous pain) over a sustained period of time that can be evaluated by sensory testing. By establishing the degree of mechanical, chemical, and temperature induced allodynia and hyperalgesia present, several physiopathological conditions observed in humans can be modeled allowing the evaluation of pharmacotherapies.

In rat models of peripheral nerve injury, ectopic activity in the injured nerve corresponds to the behavioural signs of pain. In these models, intravenous application of the sodium channel blocker and local anesthetic lidocaine can suppress the ectopic activity and reverse the tactile allodynia at concentrations that do not affect general behaviour and motor function (Mao, J. and Chen, L.L, Pain (2000), 87:7-17). Allimetric scaling of the doses effective in these rat models, translates into doses similar to those shown to be efficacious in humans (Tanelian, D.L. and Brose, W.G., Anesthesiology (1991), 74(5):949-951). Furthermore, Lidoderm®, lidocaine applied in the form of a dermal patch, is currently an FDA approved treatment for post-herpetic neuralgia (Devers, A. and Glaler, B.S., Clin. J. Pain (2000), 16(3):205-8). A sodium channel-mediated disease or condition also includes pain associated with HIV, HIV treatment induced neuropathy, trigeminal neuralgia, glossopharyngeal neuralgia, neuropathy secondary to metastatic infiltration, adiposis dolorosa, thalamic lesions, hypertension, autoimmune disease, asthma, drug addiction (e.g. opiate, benzodiazepine, amphetamine, cocaine, alcohol, butane inhalation), Alzheimer, dementia, age-related memory impairment, Korsakoff syndrome, restenosis, urinary dysfunction, incontinence, Parkinson's disease, cerebrovascular ischemia, neurosis, gastrointestinal disease, sickle cell anemia, transplant rejection, heart failure, myocardial infarction, reperfusion injury, intermittant claudication, angina, convulsion, respiratory disorders, cerebral or myocardial ischemias, long-QT syndrome, Catecholeminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia, ophthalmic diseases, spasticity, spastic paraplegia, myopathies, myasthenia gravis, paramyotonia congentia, hyperkalemic periodic paralysis, hypokalemic periodic paralysis, alopecia, anxiety 83 disorders, psychotic disorders, mania, paranoia, seasonal affective disorder, panic disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), phobias, autism, Aspergers

Syndrome, Retts syndrome, disintegrative disorder, attention deficit disorder, aggressivity, impulse control disorders, thrombosis, pre clampsia, congestive cardiac failure, cardiac arrest, Freidrich's ataxia, Spinocerebellear ataxia, myelopathy, radiculopathy, systemic lupus erythamatosis, granulomatous disease, olivo-ponto cerebellar atrophy, spinocerebellar ataxia, episodic ataxia, myokymia, progressive pallidal atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy and spasticity, traumatic brain injury, cerebral oedema, hydrocephalus injury, spinal cord injury, anorexia nervosa, bulimia,

Prader-Willi syndrome, obesity, optic neuritis, cataract, retinal haemorrhage, ischaemic retinopathy, retinitis pigmentosa, acute and chronic glaucoma, macular degeneration, retinal artery occlusion, Chorea, Huntington's chorea, cerebral edema, proctitis, postherpetic neuralgia, eudynia, heat sensitivity, sarcoidosis, irritable bowel syndrome,

Tourette syndrome, Lesch-Nyhan Syndrome, Brugado syndrome, Liddle syndrome,

Crohns disease, multiple sclerosis and the pain associated with multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), disseminated sclerosis, diabetic neuropathy, peripheral neuropathy, charcot marie tooth syndrome, arthritic, rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chondrocalcinosis, atherosclerosis, paroxysmal dystonia, myasthenia syndromes, myotonia, myotonic dystrophy, muscular dystrophy, malignant hyperthermia, cystic fibrosis, pseudoaldosteronism, rhabdomyolysis, mental handicap, hypothyroidism, bipolar depression, anxiety, schizophrenia, sodium channel toxin related illnesses, familial erythermalgia, primary erythermalgia, rectal pain, cancer, epilepsy, partial and general tonic seizures, febrile seizures, absence seizures (petit mal), myoclonic seizures, atonic seizures, clonic seizures, Lennox Gastaut, West Syndome (infantile spasms), multiresistant seizures, seizure prophylaxis (anti epileptogenic), familial Mediterranean fever syndrome, gout, restless leg syndrome, arrhythmias, fibromyalgia, neuroprotection under ischaemic conditions caused by stroke or neural trauma, tachy-arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation and as a general or local anaesthetic.

As used herein, the term "pain" refers to all categories of pain and is recognized to include, but is not limited to, neuropathic pain, inflammatory pain, nociceptive pain, idiopathic pain, neuralgic pain, orofacial pain, burn pain, burning mouth syndrome, somatic pain, visceral pain, myofacial pain, dental pain, cancer pain, chemotherapy pain, trauma pain, surgical pain, post-surgical pain, childbirth pain, labor pain, reflex sympathetic dystrophy, brachial plexus avulsion, neurogenic bladder, acute pain (e.g. musculoskeletal and post-operative pain), chronic pain, persistent pain, 84 peripherally mediated pain, centrally mediated pain, chronic headache, migraine headache, familial hemiplegic migraine, conditions associated with cephalic pain, sinus headache, tension headache, phantom limb pain, peripheral nerve injury, pain following stroke, thalamic lesions, radiculopathy,HIV pain, post-herpetic pain, noncardiac chest pain, irritable bowel syndrome and pain associated with bowel disorders and dyspepsia, and combinations thereof.

Sodium channel blockers have clinical uses in addition to pain. Epilepsy and cardiac arrhythmias are often targets of sodium channel blockers. Recent evidence from animal models suggest that sodium channel blockers may also be useful for neuroprotection under ischaemic conditions caused by stroke or neural trauma and in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) (Clare, J.J. et al., op. cit. and Anger, T. et al., op. cit.).

The present invention also relates to compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using the compounds and pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypercholesterolemia, cancer and pruritis (itch).

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), also known as benign prostatic hypertrophy, is one of the most common diseases affecting aging men. BPH is a progressive condition which is characterized by a nodular enlargement of prostatic tissue resulting in obstruction of the urethra. Consequences of BPH can include hypertrophy of bladder smooth muscle, a decompensated bladder, acute urinary retention and an increased incidence of urinary tract infection. BPH has a high public health impact and is one of the most common reasons for surgical intervention among elderly men. Attempts have been made to clarify the etiology and pathogenesis and, to that end, experimental models have been developed. Spontaneous animal models are limited to the chimpanzee and the dog. BPH in man and the dog share many common features. In both species, the development of BPH occurs spontaneously with advanced age and can be prevented by early/prepubertal castration. A medical alternative to surgery is very desirable for treating BHP and the consequences.

The prostatic epithelial hyperplasia in both man and the dog is androgen sensitive, undergoing involution with androgen deprivation and resuming epithelial hyperplasia when androgen is replaced. Cells originating from the prostate gland have been shown to express high levels of voltage gated sodium channels. Immunostaining studies clearly demonstrated evidence for voltage gated sodium channels in prostatic tissues (Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis. 2005; 8(3):266-73). 85

Hypercholesterolemia, i.e., elevated blood cholesterol, is an established risk factor in the development of, e.g., atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hyperlipidemia, stroke, hyperinsulinemias, hypertension, obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases (CVD), myocardial ischemia, and heart attack. Thus, lowering the levels of total serum cholesterol in individuals with high levels of cholesterol has been known to reduce the risk of these diseases. The lowering of low density lipoprotein cholesterol in particular is an essential step in the prevention of CVD. Although there are a variety of hypercholesterolemia therapies, there is a continuing need and a continuing search in this field of art for alternative therapies.

The invention provides compounds which are useful as antihypercholesterolemia agents and their related conditions. The present compounds may act in a variety of ways. While not wishing to be bound to any particular mechanism of action, the compounds may be direct or indirect inhibitors of the enzyme acyl CoA: cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) that results in inhibition of the esterification and transport of cholesterol across the intestinal wall. Another possibility may be that the compounds of the invention may be direct or indirect inhibitors of cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver. It is possible that some compounds of the invention may act as both direct or indirect inhibitors of ACAT and cholesterol biosynthesis.

Pruritus, commonly known as itch, is a common dermatological condition.

While the exact causes of pruritis are complex and poorly understood, there has long been acknowledged to have interactions with pain. In particular, it is believed that sodium channels likely communicate or propagate along the nerve axon the itch signals along the skin. Transmission of the itch impulses results in the unpleasant sensation that elicits the desire or reflex to scratch.

From a neurobiology level, it is believed that there is a shared complexity of specific mediators, related neuronal pathways and the central processes of itch and pain and recent data suggest that there is a broad overlap between pain- and itch-related peripheral mediators and/or receptors (Ikoma et al., Nature Reviews

Neuroscience, 7:535-547, 2006). Remarkably, pain and itch have similar mechanisms of neuronal sensitization in the peripheral nervous system and the central nervous system but exhibits intriguing differences as well.

For example, the mildly painful stimuli from scratching are effective in abolishing the itch sensation. In contrast, analgesics such as opioids can generate severe pruritus. The antagonistic interaction between pain and itch can be exploited in pruritus therapy, and current research concentrates on the identification of common 86 targets for future analgesic and antipruritic therapy.

Compounds of the present invention have been shown to have analgesic effects in a number of animal models at oral doses ranging from 1 mg/Kg to 100 mg/Kg. The compounds of the invention can also be useful for treating pruritus.

The types of itch or skin irritation, include, but are not limited to: a) psoriatic pruritis, itch due to hemodyalisis, aguagenic pruritus, and itching caused by skin disorders (e.g., contact dermatitis), systemic disorders, neuropathy, psychogenic factors or a mixture thereof; b) itch caused by allergic reactions, insect bites, hypersensitivity (e.g., dry skin, acne, eczema, psoriasis), inflammatory conditions or injury; c) itch associated with vulvar vestibulitis; and d) skin irritation or inflammatory effect from administration of another therapeutic such as, for example, antibiotics, antivirals and antihistamines.

The compounds of the invention are also useful in treating or preventing certain hormone sensitive cancers, such as prostate cancer (adenocarcinoma), breast cancer, ovarian cancer, testicular cancer, thyroid neoplasia, in a mammal, preferably a human. The voltage gated sodium channels have been demonstrated to be expressed in prostate and breast cancer cells. Up-regulation of neonatal NaV1.5 occurs as an integral part of the metastatic process in human breast cancer and could serve both as a novel marker of the metastatic phenotype and a therapeutic target (Clin. Cancer Res.2005, Aug. 1; 11(15): 5381-9). Functional expression of voltage-gated sodium channel alpha-subunits, specifically NaV1.7, is associated with strong metastatic potential in prostate cancer (CaP) in vitro. Voltage-gated sodium channel alpha- subunits immunostaining, using antibodies specific to the sodium channel alpha

subunit was evident in prostatic tissues and markedly stronger in CaP vs non-CaP patients (Prostate Cancer Prostatic Dis., 2005; 8(3):266-73).

The compounds of the invention are also useful in treating or preventing symptoms in a mammal associated with BPH such as, but not limited to, acute urinary retention and urinary tract infection.

The compounds of the invention are also useful in treating or preventing certain endocrine imbalances or endocrinopathies such as congenital adrenal hyperplasia , hyperthyroidism, hypothyroidism, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, rickets, Cushing's

Syndrome, Conn's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism, hypogonadism, hypergonadism, infertility, fertility and diabetes.

The present invention readily affords many different means for identification of sodium channel modulating agents that are useful as therapeutic agents. Identification 87 of modulators of sodium channel can be assessed using a variety of in vitro and in vivo assays, e.g. measuring current, measuring membrane potential, measuring ion flux, (e.g. sodium or guanidinium), measuring sodium concentration, measuring second messengers and transcription levels, and using e.g., voltage-sensitive dyes, radioactive tracers, and patch-clamp electrophysiology.

One such protocol involves the screening of chemical agents for ability to modulate the activity of a sodium channel thereby identifying it as a modulating agent. A typical assay described in Bean et al., J. General Physiology (1983), 83:613642, and Leuwer, M., et al., Br. J. Pharmacol (2004), 141(1):47-54, uses patch-clamp techniques to study the behaviour of channels. Such techniques are known to those skilled in the art, and may be developed, using current technologies, into low or medium throughput assays for evaluating compounds for their ability to modulate sodium channel behaviour. A competitive binding assay with known sodium channel toxins such as tetrodotoxin, alpha-scorpion toxins, aconitine, BTX and the like, may be suitable for identifying potential therapeutic agents with high selectivity for a particular sodium channel. The use of BTX in such a binding assay is well known and is described in McNeal, E.T., et al., J. Med. Chem. (1985), 28(3):381-8; and Creveling, C.R., et al., Methods in Neuroscience, Vol.8: Neurotoxins (Conn PM Ed) (1992), pp. 25-37,

Academic Press, New York.

These assays can be carried out in cells, or cell or tissue extracts expressing the channel of interest in a natural endogenous setting or in a recombinant setting. The assays that can be used include plate assays which measure Na+ influx through surrogate markers such as 14C-guanidine influx or determine cell depolarization using fluorescent dyes such as the FRET based and other fluorescent assays or a radiolabelled binding assay employing radiolabelled aconitine, BTX, TTX or STX. More direct measurements can be made with manual or automated electrophysiology systems. The guanidine influx assay is explained in more detail below in the Biological Assays section.

Throughput of test compounds is an important consideration in the choice of screening assay to be used. In some strategies, where hundreds of thousands of compounds are to be tested, it is not desirable to use low throughput means. In other cases, however, low throughput is satisfactory to identify important differences between a limited number of compounds. Often it will be necessary to combine assay types to identify specific sodium channel modulating compounds.

Electrophysiological assays using patch clamp techniques is accepted as a 88 gold standard for detailed characterization of sodium channel compound interactions, and as described in Bean et al., op. cit. and Leuwer, M., et al., op. cit. There is a manual low-throughput screening (LTS) method which can compare 2-10 compounds per day; a recently developed system for automated medium-throughput screening (MTS) at 20-50 patches (i.e. compounds) per day; and a technology from Molecular

Devices Corporation (Sunnyvale, CA) which permits automated high-throughput screening (HTS) at 1000-3000 patches (i.e. compounds) per day.

One automated patch-clamp system utilizes planar electrode technology to accelerate the rate of drug discovery. Planar electrodes are capable of achieving high-resistance, cells-attached seals followed by stable, low-noise whole-cell recordings that are comparable to conventional recordings. A suitable instrument is the PatchXpress 7000A (Axon Instruments Inc, Union City, CA). A variety of cell lines and culture techniques, which include adherent cells as well as cells growing spontaneously in suspension are ranked for seal success rate and stability. Immortalized cells (e.g. HEK and CHO) stably expressing high levels of the relevant sodium ion channel can be adapted into high-density suspension cultures.

Other assays can be selected which allow the investigator to identify compounds which block specific states of the channel, such as the open state, closed state or the resting state, or which block transition from open to closed, closed to resting or resting to open. Those skilled in the art are generally familiar with such assays.

Binding assays are also available, however these are of only limited functional value and information content. Designs include traditional radioactive filter based binding assays or the confocal based fluorescent system available from Evotec OAI group of companies (Hamburg, Germany), both of which are HTS.

Radioactive flux assays can also be used. In this assay, channels are stimulated to open with veratridine or aconitine and held in a stabilized open state with a toxin, and channel blockers are identified by their ability to prevent ion influx. The assay can use radioactive 22[Na] and 14[C] guanidinium ions as tracers. FlashPlate &amp;amp;

Cytostar-T plates in living cells avoids separation steps and are suitable for HTS.

Scintillation plate technology has also advanced this method to HTS suitability.

Because of the functional aspects of the assay, the information content is reasonably good.

Yet another format measures the redistribution of membrane potential using the FLIPR system membrane potential kit (HTS) available from Molecular Dynamics (a division of Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, NJ). This method is limited to slow 89 membrane potential changes. Some problems may result from the fluorescent background of compounds. Test compounds may also directly influence the fluidity of the cell membrane and lead to an increase in intracellular dye concentrations. Still, because of the functional aspects of the assay, the information content is reasonably good.

Sodium dyes can be used to measure the rate or amount of sodium ion influx through a channel. This type of assay provides a very high information content regarding potential channel blockers. The assay is functional and would measure Na+ influx directly. CoroNa Red, SBFI and/or sodium green (Molecular Probes, Inc.

Eugene OR) can be used to measure Na influx; all are Na responsive dyes. They can be used in combination with the FLIPR instrument. The use of these dyes in a screen has not been previously described in the literature. Calcium dyes may also have potential in this format.

In another assay, FRET based voltage sensors are used to measure the ability of a test compound to directly block Na influx. Commercially available HTS systems include the VIPR™ II FRET system (Aurora Biosciences Corporation, San Diego, CA, a division of Vertex Pharmaceuticals, Inc.) which may be used in conjunction with FRET dyes, also available from Aurora Biosciences. This assay measures sub-second responses to voltage changes. There is no requirement for a modifier of channel function. The assay measures depolarization and hyperpolarizations, and provides ratiometric outputs for quantification. A somewhat less expensive MTS version of this assay employs the FLEXstation™ (Molecular Devices Corporation) in conjunction with FRET dyes from Aurora Biosciences. Other methods of testing the compounds disclosed herein are also readily known and available to those skilled in the art.

These results provide the basis for analysis of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) between test compounds and the sodium channel. Certain substituents on the core structure of the test compound tend to provide more potent inhibitory compounds. SAR analysis is one of the tools those skilled in the art may now employ to identify preferred embodiments of the compounds of the invention for use as therapeutic agents.

Modulating agents so identified are then tested in a variety of in vivo models so as to determine if they alleviate pain, especially chronic pain or other conditions such as arrhythmias and epilepsy, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), hypercholesterolemia, cancer and pruritis (itch) with minimal adverse events, . The assays described below in the Biological Assays Section are useful in assessing the biological activity of the instant compounds. 90

Typically, a successful therapeutic agent of the present invention will meet some or all of the following criteria. Oral availability should be at or above 20%.

Animal model efficacy is less than about 0.1 μg to about 100 mg/Kg body weight and the target human dose is between 0.1 μg to about 100 mg/Kg body weight, although doses outside of this range may be acceptable ("mg/Kg" means milligrams of compound per kilogram of body mass of the subject to whom it is being administered). The therapeutic index (or ratio of toxic dose to therapeutic dose) should be greater than 100. The potency (as expressed by IC50 value) should be less than 10 μM, preferably below 1 μM and most preferably below 50 nM. The IC50 ("Inhibitory Concentration - 50%") is a measure of the amount of compound required to achieve 50% inhibition of ion flux through a sodium channel, over a specific time period, in an assay of the invention. Compounds of the present invention in the guanidine influx assay have demonstrated IC50's ranging from less than a nanomolar to less than 10 micromolar.

In an alternative use of the invention, the compounds of the invention can be used in in vitro or in vivo studies as exemplary agents for comparative purposes to find other compounds also useful in treatment of, or protection from, the various diseases disclosed herein.

Another aspect of the invention relates to inhibiting NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9 activity in a biological sample or a mammal, preferably a human, which method comprises administering to the mammal, preferably a human, or contacting said biological sample with a compound of formula I or a composition comprising said compound. The term "biological sample", as used herein, includes, without limitation, cell cultures or extracts thereof; biopsied material obtained from a mammal or extracts thereof; and blood, saliva, urine, feces, semen, tears, or other body fluids or extracts thereof.

Inhibition of NaV1.1, NaV1.2, NaV1.3, NaV1.4, NaV1.5, NaV1.6, NaV1.7, NaV1.8, or NaV1.9 activity in a biological sample is useful for a variety of purposes that are known to one of skill in the art. Examples of such purposes include, but are not limited to, the study of sodium ion channels in biological and pathological phenomena; and the comparative evaluation of new sodium ion channel inhibitors.

The compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention, as stereoisomers, enantiomers, tautomers thereof or mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts, solvates or prodrugs thereof, and/or the pharmaceutical compositions described herein which comprise a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient and one or more compounds of the invention, as set forth above 91 in the Summary of the Invention, as a stereoisomer, enantiomer, tautomer thereof or mixtures thereof, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate or prodrug thereof, can be used in the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of sodium channel-mediated disease or condition in a mammal.

PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITIONS OF THE INVENTION AND ADMINISTRATION

The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical composition containing the compounds of the invention disclosed herein. In one embodiment, the present invention relates to a composition comprising compounds of the invention in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient or diluent and in an amount effective to modulate, preferably inhibit, ion flux through a voltage-dependent sodium channel to treat sodium channel mediated diseases, such as pain, when administered to an animal, preferably a mammal, most preferably a human patient.

Administration of the compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, in pure form or in an appropriate pharmaceutical composition, can be carried out via any of the accepted modes of administration of agents for serving similar utilities. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention can be prepared by combining a compound of the invention with an appropriate pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, diluent or excipient, and may be formulated into preparations in solid, semi-solid, liquid or gaseous forms, such as tablets, capsules, powders, granules, ointments, solutions, suppositories, injections, inhalants, gels, microspheres, and aerosols. Typical routes of administering such pharmaceutical compositions include, without limitation, oral, topical, transdermal, inhalation, parenteral, sublingual, rectal, vaginal, and intranasal. The term parenteral as used herein includes subcutaneous injections, intravenous, intramuscular, intrasternal injection or infusion techniques. Pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are formulated so as to allow the active ingredients contained therein to be bioavailable upon administration of the composition to a patient. Compositions that will be administered to a subject or patient take the form of one or more dosage units, where for example, a tablet may be a single dosage unit, and a container of a compound of the invention in aerosol form may hold a plurality of dosage units. Actual methods of preparing such dosage forms are known, or will be apparent, to those skilled in this art; for example, see The Science and Practice of Pharmacy, 20th Edition (Philadelphia College of Pharmacy and Science, 2000). The composition to be administered will, in any event, contain a therapeutically effective amount of a compound of the invention, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for treatment of a disease or condition of interest in 92 accordance with the teachings of this invention.

The pharmaceutical compositions useful herein also contain a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, including any suitable diluent or excipient, which includes any pharmaceutical agent that does not itself induce the production of antibodies harmful to the individual receiving the composition, and which may be administered without undue toxicity. Pharmaceutically acceptable carriers include, but are not limited to, liquids, such as water, saline, glycerol and ethanol, and the like. A thorough discussion of pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, diluents, and other excipients is presented in REMINGTON'S PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES (Mack Pub. Co., N.J. current edition). A pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be in the form of a solid or liquid. In one aspect, the carrier(s) are particulate, so that the compositions are, for example, in tablet or powder form. The carrier(s) may be liquid, with the compositions being, for example, an oral syrup, injectable liquid or an aerosol, which is useful in, for example, inhalatory administration.

When intended for oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition is preferably in either solid or liquid form, where semi-solid, semi-liquid, suspension and gel forms are included within the forms considered herein as either solid or liquid.

As a solid composition for oral administration, the pharmaceutical composition may be formulated into a powder, granule, compressed tablet, pill, capsule, chewing gum, wafer or the like form. Such a solid composition will typically contain one or more inert diluents or edible carriers. In addition, one or more of the following may be present: binders such as carboxymethylcellulose, ethyl cellulose, microcrystalline cellulose, gum tragacanth or gelatin; excipients such as starch, lactose or dextrins, disintegrating agents such as alginic acid, sodium alginate, Primogel, corn starch and the like; lubricants such as magnesium stearate or Sterotex; glidants such as colloidal silicon dioxide; sweetening agents such as sucrose or saccharin; a flavoring agent such as peppermint, methyl salicylate or orange flavoring; and a coloring agent.

When the pharmaceutical composition is in the form of a capsule, for example, a gelatin capsule, it may contain, in addition to materials of the above type, a liquid carrier such as polyethylene glycol or oil.

The pharmaceutical composition may be in the form of a liquid, for example, an elixir, syrup, solution, emulsion or suspension. The liquid may be for oral administration or for delivery by injection, as two examples. When intended for oral administration, preferred composition contain, in addition to the present compounds, one or more of a sweetening agent, preservatives, dye/colorant and flavor enhancer. 93

In a composition intended to be administered by injection, one or more of a surfactant, preservative, wetting agent, dispersing agent, suspending agent, buffer, stabilizer and isotonic agent may be included.

The liquid pharmaceutical compositions of the invention, whether they be solutions, suspensions or other like form, may include one or more of the following adjuvants: sterile diluents such as water for injection, saline solution, preferably physiological saline, Ringer,s solution, isotonic sodium chloride, fixed oils such as synthetic mono or diglycerides which may serve as the solvent or suspending medium, polyethylene glycols, glycerin, propylene glycol or other solvents; antibacterial agents such as benzyl alcohol or methyl paraben; antioxidants such as ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite; chelating agents such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; buffers such as acetates, citrates or phosphates and agents for the adjustment of tonicity such as sodium chloride or dextrose. The parenteral preparation can be enclosed in ampoules, disposable syringes or multiple dose vials made of glass or plastic. Physiological saline is a preferred adjuvant. An injectable pharmaceutical composition is preferably sterile. A liquid pharmaceutical composition of the invention intended for either parenteral or oral administration should contain an amount of a compound of the invention such that a suitable dosage will be obtained. Typically, this amount is at least 0.01% of a compound of the invention in the composition. When intended for oral administration, this amount may be varied to be between 0.1 and about 70% of the weight of the composition. Preferred oral pharmaceutical compositions contain between about 4% and about 50% of the compound of the invention. Preferred pharmaceutical compositions and preparations according to the present invention are prepared so that a parenteral dosage unit contains between 0.01 to 10% by weight of the compound prior to dilution of the invention.

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be intended for topical administration, in which case the carrier may suitably comprise a solution, emulsion, ointment or gel base. The base, for example, may comprise one or more of the following: petrolatum, lanolin, polyethylene glycols, bee wax, mineral oil, diluents such as water and alcohol, and emulsifiers and stabilizers. Thickening agents may be present in a pharmaceutical composition for topical administration. If intended for transdermal administration, the composition may include a transdermal patch or iontophoresis device. Topical formulations may contain a concentration of the compound of the invention from about 0.1 to about 10% w/v (weight per unit volume).

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may be intended for rectal 94 administration, in the form, for example, of a suppository, which will melt in the rectum and release the drug. The composition for rectal administration may contain an oleaginous base as a suitable nonirritating excipient. Such bases include, without limitation, lanolin, cocoa butter and polyethylene glycol.

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may include various materials, which modify the physical form of a solid or liquid dosage unit. For example, the composition may include materials that form a coating shell around the active ingredients. The materials that form the coating shell are typically inert, and may be selected from, for example, sugar, shellac, and other enteric coating agents.

Alternatively, the active ingredients may be encased in a gelatin capsule.

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention in solid or liquid form may include an agent that binds to the compound of the invention and thereby assists in the delivery of the compound. Suitable agents that may act in this capacity include a monoclonal or polyclonal antibody, a protein or a liposome.

The pharmaceutical composition of the invention may consist of dosage units that can be administered as an aerosol. The term aerosol is used to denote a variety of systems ranging from those of colloidal nature to systems consisting of pressurized packages. Delivery may be by a liquefied or compressed gas or by a suitable pump system that dispenses the active ingredients. Aerosols of compounds of the invention may be delivered in single phase, bi-phasic, or tri-phasic systems in order to deliver the active ingredient(s). Delivery of the aerosol includes the necessary container, activators, valves, subcontainers, and the like, which together may form a kit. One skilled in the art, without undue experimentation may determine preferred aerosols.

The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention may be prepared by methodology well known in the pharmaceutical art. For example, a pharmaceutical composition intended to be administered by injection can be prepared by combining a compound of the invention with sterile, distilled water so as to form a solution. A surfactant may be added to facilitate the formation of a homogeneous solution or suspension. Surfactants are compounds that non-covalently interact with the compound of the invention so as to facilitate dissolution or homogeneous suspension of the compound in the aqueous delivery system.

The compounds of the invention, or their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, are administered in a therapeutically effective amount, which will vary depending upon a variety of factors including the activity of the specific compound employed; the metabolic stability and length of action of the compound; the age, body weight, general health, sex, and diet of the patient; the mode and time of administration; the rate of 95 excretion; the drug combination; the severity of the particular disorder or condition; and the subject undergoing therapy. Generally, a therapeutically effective daily dose is (for a 70 Kg mammal) from about 0.001 mg/Kg (i.e., 0.07 mg) to about 100 mg/Kg (i.e., 7.0 g); preferably a therapeutically effective dose is (for a 70 Kg mammal) from about 0.01 mg/Kg (i.e., 0.7 mg) to about 50 mg/Kg (i.e., 3.5 g); more preferably a therapeutically effective dose is (for a 70 Kg mammal) from about 1 mg/Kg (i.e., 70 mg) to about 25 mg/Kg (i.e., 1.75 g).

The ranges of effective doses provided herein are not intended to be limiting and represent preferred dose ranges. However, the most preferred dosage will be tailored to the individual subject, as is understood and determinable by one skilled in the relevant arts. (see, e.g., Berkowet al., eds., The Merck Manual, 16th edition, Merck and Co., Rahway, N.J., 1992; Goodmanetna., eds.,Goodman and Cilman's The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 10th edition, Pergamon Press, Inc., Elmsford, N.Y., (2001); Avery's Drug Treatment: Principles and Practice of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, 3rd edition, ADIS Press, LTD., Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, MD. (1987), Ebadi, Pharmacology, Little, Brown and Co., Boston, (1985); Osolci al., eds., Remington's Pharmaceutical Sciences, 18th edition, Mack Publishing Co., Easton, PA (1990); Katzung, Basic and Clinical Pharmacology, Appleton and Lange, Norwalk, CT (1992)).

The total dose required for each treatment can be administered by multiple doses or in a single dose over the course of the day, if desired. Generally, treatment is initiated with smaller dosages, which are less than the optimum dose of the compound. Thereafter, the dosage is increased by small increments until the optimum effect under the circumstances is reached. The diagnostic pharmaceutical compound or composition can be administered alone or in conjunction with other diagnostics and/or pharmaceuticals directed to the pathology, or directed to other symptoms of the pathology. The recipients of administration of compounds and/or compositions of the invention can be any vertebrate animal, such as mammals. Among mammals, the preferred recipients are mammals of the Orders Primate (including humans, apes and monkeys), Arteriodactyla (including horses, goats, cows, sheep, pigs), Rodenta (including mice, rats, rabbits, and hamsters), and Carnivora (including cats, and dogs). Among birds, the preferred recipients are turkeys, chickens and other members of the same order. The most preferred recipients are humans.

For topical applications, it is preferred to administer an effective amount of a pharmaceutical composition according to the invention to target area, e.g., skin surfaces, mucous membranes, and the like, which are adjacent to peripheral neurons 96 212400/2 which are to be treated. This amount will generally range from about 0.0001 mg to about 1 g of a compound of the invention per application, depending upon the area to be treated, whether the use is diagnostic, prophylactic or therapeutic, the severity of the symptoms, and the nature of the topical vehicle employed. A preferred topical preparation is an ointment, wherein about 0.001 to about 50 mg of active ingredient is used per cc of ointment base. The pharmaceutical composition can be formulated as transdermal compositions or transdermal delivery devices ("patches"). Such compositions include, for example, a backing, active compound reservoir, a control membrane, liner and contact adhesive. Such transdermal patches may be used to provide continuous pulsatile, or on demand delivery of the compounds of the present invention as desired.

The compositions of the invention can be formulated so as to provide quick, sustained or delayed release of the active ingredient after administration to the patient by employing procedures known in the art. Controlled release drug delivery systems include osmotic pump systems and dissolutional systems containing polymer-coated reservoirs or drug-polymer matrix formulations. Examples of controlled release systems are given in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,845,770 and 4,326,525 and in P. J. Kuzma et al., Regional Anesthesia 22 (6): 543-551 (1997).

The compositions of the invention can also be delivered through intra-nasal drug delivery systems for local, systemic, and nose-to-brain medical therapies. Controlled Particle Dispersion (CPD)™ technology, traditional nasal spray bottles, inhalers or nebulizers are known by those skilled in the art to provide effective local and systemic delivery of drugs by targeting the olfactory region and paranasal sinuses.

The invention also relates to an intravaginal shell or core drug delivery device suitable for administration to the human or animal female. The device may be comprised of the active pharmaceutical ingredient in a polymer matrix, surrounded by a sheath, and capable of releasing the compound in a substantially zero order pattern on a daily basis similar to devises

used to apply testosterone as desscribed in PCT Published Patent Application No. WO 98/50016.

Current methods for ocular delivery include topical administration (eye drops), subconjunctival injections, periocular injections, intravitreal injections, surgical implants and iontophoresis (uses a small electrical current to transport ionized drugs into and through body tissues). Those skilled in the art would combine the best suited excipients with the compound for safe and effective intra-occular administration.

The most suitable route will depend on the nature and severity of the condition 97 being treated. Those skilled in the art are also familiar with determining administration methods (e.g., oral, intravenous, inhalation, sub-cutaneous, rectal etc.), dosage forms, suitable pharmaceutical excipients and other matters relevant to the delivery of the compounds to a subject in need thereof.

COMBINATION THERAPY

The compounds of the invention may be usefully combined with one or more other compounds of the invention or one or more other therapeutic agent or as any combination thereof, in the treatment of sodium channel-mediated diseases and conditions. For example, a compound of the invention may be administered simultaneously, sequentially or separately in combination with other therapeutic agents, including, but not limited to: • opiates analgesics, e.g. morphine, heroin, cocaine, oxymorphine, levorphanol, levallorphan, oxycodone, codeine, dihydrocodeine, propoxyphene, nalmefene, fentanyl, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, meripidine, methadone, nalorphine, naloxone, naltrexone, buprenorphine, butorphanol, nalbuphine and pentazocine; • non-opiate analgesics, e.g. acetomeniphen, salicylates (e.g. aspirin); • nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), e.g. ibuprofen, naproxen, fenoprofen, ketoprofen, celecoxib, diclofenac, diflusinal, etodolac, fenbufen, fenoprofen, flufenisal, flurbiprofen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, ketoprofen, ketorolac, meclofenamic acid, mefenamic acid, meloxicam, nabumetone, naproxen, nimesulide, nitroflurbiprofen, olsalazine, oxaprozin, phenylbutazone, piroxicam, sulfasalazine, sulindac, tolmetin and zomepirac; • anticonvulsants, e.g. carbamazepine, oxcarbazepine, lamotrigine, valproate, topiramate, gabapentin and pregabalin; • antidepressants such as tricyclic antidepressants, e.g. amitriptyline, clomipramine, despramine, imipramine and nortriptyline; • COX-2 selective inhibitors, e.g. celecoxib, rofecoxib, parecoxib, valdecoxib, deracoxib, etoricoxib, and lumiracoxib; • alpha-adrenergics, e.g. doxazosin, tamsulosin, clonidine, guanfacine, dexmetatomidine, modafinil, and 4-amino-6,7-dimethoxy-2-(5- methane sulfonamido-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinol-2-yl)-5-(2-pyridyl) quinazoline; • barbiturate sedatives, e.g. amobarbital, aprobarbital, butabarbital, butabital, mephobarbital, metharbital, methohexital, pentobarbital, phenobartital, secobarbital, talbutal, theamylal and thiopental; 98 • tachykinin (NK) antagonist, particularly an NK-3, NK-2 or NK-1 antagonist, e.g. (aR, 9R)-7-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethyl)benzyl)]-8,9,10,11-tetrahydro-9-methyl-5-(4-methylphenyl)-7H-[1,4]diazocino[2,1-g][1,7]-naphthyridine-6-13-dione (TAK-637), 5-[[2R,3S)-2-[(1R)-1-[3,5-bis(trifluoromethylphenyl]ethoxy-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-4-morpholinyl]-methyl]-1,2-dihydro-3H-1,2,4-triazol-3-one (MK-869), aprepitant, lanepitant, dapitant or 3-[[2-methoxy5- (trifluoromethoxy)phenyl]-methylamino]-2-phenylpiperidine (2S,3S); • coal-tar analgesics, in particular paracetamol; • serotonin reuptake inhibitors, e.g. paroxetine, sertraline, norfluoxetine (fluoxetine desmethyl metabolite), metabolite demethylsertraline, '3 fluvoxamine, paroxetine, citalopram, citalopram metabolite desmethylcitalopram, escitalopram, d,l-fenfluramine, femoxetine, ifoxetine, cyanodothiepin, litoxetine, dapoxetine, nefazodone, cericlamine, trazodone and fluoxetine; • noradrenaline (norepinephrine) reuptake inhibitors, e.g. maprotiline, lofepramine, mirtazepine, oxaprotiline, fezolamine, tomoxetine, mianserin, buproprion, buproprion metabolite hydroxybuproprion, nomifensine and viloxazine (Vivalan®)), especially a selective noradrenaline reuptake inhibitor such as reboxetine, in particular (S,S)-reboxetine, and venlafaxine duloxetine neuroleptics sedative/anxiolytics; • dual serotonin-noradrenaline reuptake inhibitors, such as venlafaxine, venlafaxine metabolite O- desmethylvenlafaxine, clomipramine, clomipramine metabolite desmethylclomipramine, duloxetine, milnacipran and imipramine; • acetylcholinesterase inhibitors such as donepezil; • 5-HT3 antagonists such as ondansetron; • metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonists; • local anaesthetic such as mexiletine and lidocaine; • corticosteroid such as dexamethasone; • antiarrhythimics, e.g. mexiletine and phenytoin; • muscarinic antagonists, e.g., tolterodine, propiverine, tropsium t chloride, darifenacin, solifenacin, temiverine and ipratropium; • cannabinoids; • vanilloid receptor agonists (e.g. resinferatoxin) or antagonists (e.g. capsazepine); • sedatives, e.g. glutethimide, meprobamate, methaqualone, and 99 dichloralphenazone; • anxiolytics such as benzodiazepines, • antidepressants such as mirtazapine, • topical agents (e.g. lidocaine, capsacin and resiniferotoxin); • muscle relaxants such as benzodiazepines, baclofen, carisoprodol, chlorzoxazone, cyclobenzaprine, methocarbamol and orphrenadine; • anti-histamines or H1 antagonists; • NMDA receptor antagonists; • 5-HT receptor agonists/antagonists; • PDEV inhibitors; • Tramadol®; • cholinergic (nicotinc) analgesics; • alpha-2-delta ligands; • prostaglandin E2 subtype antagonists; • leukotriene B4 antagonists; • 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors; and • 5-HT3 antagonists.

Sodium channel-mediated diseases and conditions that may be treated and/or prevented using such combinations include but not limited to, pain, central and peripherally mediated, acute, chronic, neuropathic as well as other diseases with associated pain and other central nervous disorders such as epilepsy, anxiety, depression and bipolar disease; or cardiovascular disorders such as arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and ventricular fibrillation; neuromuscular disorders such as restless leg syndrome and muscle paralysis or tetanus; neuroprotection against stroke, neural trauma and multiple sclerosis; and channelopathies such as erythromyalgia and familial rectal pain syndrome.

As used herein "combination" refers to any mixture or permutation of one or more compounds of the invention and one or more other compounds of the invention or one or more additional therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, "combination" may include simultaneous or sequentially delivery of a compound of the invention with one or more therapeutic agents. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, "combination" may include dosage forms of a compound of the invention with another therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, "combination" may include routes of administration of a compound of the invention with another therapeutic agent. Unless the context makes clear otherwise, "combination" 100 212400/2 may include formulations of a compound of the invention with another therapeutic agent.

Dosage forms, routes of administration and pharmaceutical compositions include, but are not limited to, those described herein.

KITS-OF-PARTS

The present invention also provides kits that contain a pharmaceutical composition which includes one or more compounds of the invention. The kit also includes instructions for the use of the pharmaceutical composition for modulating the activity of ion channels, for the treatment of pain, as well as other utilities as disclosed herein. Preferably, a commercial package will contain one or more unit doses of the pharmaceutical composition. For example, such a unit dose may be an amount sufficient for the preparation of an intravenous injection. It will be evident to those of ordinary skill in the art that compounds which are light and/or air sensitive may require special packaging and/or formulation. For example, packaging may be used which is opaque to light, and/or sealed from contact with ambient air, and/or formulated with suitable coatings or excipients.

PREPARATION OF THE COMPOUNDS OF THE INVENTION

The compounds of the invention are prepared by the methods disclosed herein and by methods similar to those described in PCT Published Patent Application, WO 2006/110917 and to those described in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2008/046049.

It is also understood that one skilled in the art would be able to make in a similar manner as described below the compounds of the invention by reference to the disclosures of PCT Published Patent Application, WO 2006/110917 by using the appropriate starting materials and modifying the parameters of the synthesis as needed. In general, starting components may be obtained from sources such as Sigma Aldrich, Lancaster Synthesis, Inc., Maybridge, Matrix Scientific, TCI, and Fluorochem USA, etc., or synthesized according to sources known to those skilled in the art (see, e.g., Smith, M.B. and J. March, Advanced Organic Chemistry: Reactions, Mechanisms, and Structure, 5th edition (Wiley, December 2000)), or may be prepared as described in PCT Published Patent Application, WO 2006/110917, or may be prepared by methods disclosed herein.

Protecting groups may be added or removed in accordance with standard 101 techniques, which are known to one skilled in the art and as described herein.

The use of protecting groups is described in detail in Greene, T.W. and P.G.M. Wuts, Greene's Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis (2006), 4th Ed., Wiley. The protecting group may also be a polymer resin such as a Wang resin or a 2-chlorotrityl- 5 chloride resin.

It will also be appreciated by those skilled in the art, although such protected derivatives of compounds of this invention may not possess pharmacological activity as such, they may be administered to a mammal and thereafter metabolized in the body to form compounds of the invention which are pharmacologically active. Such 10 derivatives may therefore be described as "prodrugs". All prodrugs of compounds of this invention are included within the scope of the invention.

All of the compounds described below as being prepared which may exist in free base or acid form may be converted to their pharmaceutically acceptable salts by treatment with the appropriate inorganic or organic base or acid. Salts of the 15 compounds prepared below may be converted to their free base or acid form by standard techniques. It is understood that all polymorphs, amorphous forms, anhydrates, hydrates, solvates and salts of the compounds of the invention are intended to be within the scope of the invention. Furthermore, all compounds of the invention which contain an acid or an ester group can be converted to the 20 corresponding ester or acid, respectively, by methods known to one skilled in the art or by methods described herein.

Alternatively, the compounds of the invention can be synthesized following the procedures set forth below in REACTION SCHEMES 1-27 where, unless indicated otherwise, q is 1 or 2, each X is halo, preferably bromo or chloro, R" is an alkyl group, 25 R15 is as defined for R1, R1a, R1b, R3, R5, R7, R9, R10, R11, R12, R13 or R14 in compounds of formula (I), formula (II), formula (III), formula (IV), formula (V), formula (VI), formula (VII), formula (VII), formula (VIII), formula (IX), formula (XI), formula (XII) and formula (XIII), R16 is as defined for R2, R4 or R6 in compounds of formula (I), formula (II) and ©is formula (III), and is defined as one of the following: 102

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000218.tif" id="idf0018" />

ch3 ch3 ch3

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000219.tif" id="idf0019" />

N and

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000220.tif" id="idf0020" />

N where J, K, L, M, U, V, W, Y and Z are as described as for the compounds of formula (I), formula (III), formula (VI), formula (VII), formula (VIII), formula (IX), formula (XI) and formula (XIII). 5 Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ia), Formula (Iaa) and Formula (Iab)

Compounds of formula (Ia), formula (Iaa) and formula (Iab) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEMES 1 and 2 below where R50a, R50b, R50c and R50d are each independently independently hydrogen, 10 hydroxy, bromo, chloro, cyano, fluoro, methyl, trifluoroacetyl, methoxy, 1-methylethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, benzyloxy, 1-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, pyrrolidin-3-yloxy, amino, sulfonylamino, methylsulfonylamino, [(tert-butoxycarbonyl)pyrrolidin-3-yl]amino, 6-methoxypyridin-3-yl, 5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, amino(hydroxyimino)methyl or (pyrrolidin-3-yl)amino; or R50a and R50b, or R50b and R50c, 15 or R50c and R50d, together with the adjacent carbons to which they are attached, form a fused dioxinyl ring, a fused thienyl ring, a fused 1,1-dioxothienyl ring, a fused 1,2,5-oxadiazolyl ring, a fused tetrahydropyranyl ring, a fused 2,3-dihydropyrazinyl ring, a fused 3-methyl-4,5-dihydroisoxazolyl ring or a fused pyrazinyl ring, and the remaining R50a, R50b, R50c and R50d group, if present, is as described above: 103 REACTION SCHEME 1

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000221.tif" id="idf0021" />

(Ia)

Compounds of formula (101), formula (102), formula (104), formula (105), formula (110), and formula (112) are commercially available or can be prepared

5 according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

As set forth above, compounds of formula (Ia) are prepared by first alkylating an isatin compound of formula (101) with the chloro or bromo compound of formula 10 (102) to afford the product of formula (103). Alternatively, an indole compound of formula (110) is iodinated with iodine and alkylated with the chloro or bromo compound of formula (102) to afford the product of formula (111). Oxidation of (111) with ruthenium (III) chloride monohydrate and sodium periodate gives the isatin product of formula (103). Alternatively, treatment of an aniline compound of formula (112) with 104 oxalyl chloride gives the istain compound of formula (103). The phenol compound of formula (104) is treated with a Grignard reagent of formula (105) at low temperature (0 °C) to form the phenoxymagnesium halide intermediate which reacts with the ketocarbonyl group of the isatin compound of formula (103) in a solvent, such as, but not 5 limited to, methylene chloride or tetrahydrofuran, to afford the oxindole of formula (106). The compound of formula (107) is obtained after the removal of the hydroxyl group at C-3 position of the oxindole by treating the compound of formula (106) with a silane such as, but not limited to, triethylsilane. The compound of formula (107) can also be achieved by treating the compound of formula (106) with thionyl 10 chloride/triethylamine then reduction with zinc dust. The compound of formula (107) is treated with an alkylating reagent such as, but not limited to, chloroiodomethane or 1,2-dibromoethane with a base, such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate, in a solvent, such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide to afford the compound of formula (Ia) of the invention via intramolecular cyclization. Alternatively,

15 compound (107) is treated with a silyl compound, such as, but not limited to, trimethylsilyl chloride to generate a silyl ether intermediate which is treated with ytterbium (III) trifluoromethanesulfonate and formaldehyde to afford the compound of formula (108). The compound of formula (108) can also be obtained by treating the compound of formula (107) with a base, such as, but not limited to, LiOH, iPr2NH, LDA 20 and subsequently reacting with formaldehyde. Intramolecular cyclization of the compound of formula (108) via Mitsunobu reaction in the presence of a phosphine reagent such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, or trimethylphosphine, and azadicarboxylate of diethyl, diisopropyl or di-tert-butyl, or W,W,W',W-tetramethylazodicarboxamide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, 25 tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, or dichloromethane, affords the compound of formula (Ia) of the invention.

Compounds of formula (Ia), (Iaa) and (Iab) can also be prepared by the method illustrated below in REACTION SCHEME 2 where q, R15, R16, R50a, R50b, R50c and R50d are as defined above, and PG is a nitrogen-protecting group: 105 10 15 REACTION SCHEME 2

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000222.tif" id="idf0022" />

(201)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000223.tif" id="idf0023" />

R15OCOCl (206) 50c

R15-X or

R15-OH (204) or R15-B(OH)2 (205)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000224.tif" id="idf0024" />

R50b R50c (Ia) (R16)q —

(R15CO)2O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000225.tif" id="idf0025" />

^or1 (R16)q4 50a

R

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000226.tif" id="idf0026" />

50b

R 50c

R ^r1 (Iaa) (Iab)

Compounds of formula (203), formula (204), formula (205), formula (206) and formula (207) are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by methods disclosed herein.

Compounds of formula (201) where PG is a nitrogen-protecting group such as, but not limited to, diphenylmethyl, are synthesized through the sequence as shown in REACTION SCHEME 1 above. When the protecting group is diphenylmethyl, it is removed under a high pressure of hydrogen such as 60-120 psi to form the oxindole compound of formula (202); it can also be removed by the treatment of compound of formula (201) with triethyl silane and trifluoroacetic acid at 70 °C to 100 °C. The formation of the compound of formula (Ia) is achieved by alkylation of the compound of formula (202) with an alkylating reagent R15-X (203), where X is chloro, bromo, iodo, or OTs, alternatively, when X is chloro, the reagent is generated from the corresponding alcohol (204) by reacting with a chlorinating reagent such as, but not limited to, thionyl chloride or N-(chloromethylene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (Vilsmeier reagent)) in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride, sodium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide, lithium hydroxide, or cesium carbonate, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide, tetrahydrofuran, 2-butanone, acetone, acetonitrile or the combination of any two of them, in the presence or absence of potassium iodide.

Alternatively, reaction of compound of formula (202) with an alcohol (204) under Mitsunobu reaction conditions in the presence of a phosphine reagent such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, or trimethyl phosphine, and 20 106 azadicarboxylate of diethyl, diisopropyl, di-ferf-butyl or N,N,N',N- tetramethylazodicarboxamide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, or dichloromethane, provides the compound of formula (Ia).

Alternatively, reaction of compound of formula (202) with a boronic acid (205) in 5 the presence of a copper reagent such as, but not limited to, cupric acetate, and 4-(N,N-dimethylamino)pyridine, a base such as, but not limited to, sodium hexamethyldisilazide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene provides the compound of formula (Ia).

Alternatively, when R15 is an aryl or heteroaryl group in compound (203), 10 compound (203) reacts with compound (202) in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium (II) acetate, a ligand such as, but not limited to, 9,9-dimethyl-4,5-bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene and a base such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, 1,4-dioxane to provide the product of of formula (Ia). 15 In general, treatment of compound of formula (202) with a base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride or triethylamine, and a chloroformate reagent such as, but not limited to, ethyl chloroformate or di-ferf-butyl dicarbonate provides the carbamate compound of formula (Iaa). Treatment of compound of formula (202) with an acylating reagent such as, but not limited to, acetic anhydride provides the 20 compound of formula (Iab).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ib) and Formula (Ic)

Compounds of formula (Ib) and (Ic) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods

( Ga N set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 3 where —N is a N-heterocycly, PG is 25 nitrogen protecting group, q and R16 and are as defined above, R17 and R18 are each independently hydrogen or alkyl, and R19 is hydrogen, alkyl or aryl: 107 REACTION SCHEME 3

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000227.tif" id="idf0027" />

5 PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. Compounds of formula (303) and formula (305) are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art.

In general, compounds of formula (Ib) and formula (Ic) are prepared by the procedure set forth above in REACTION SCHEME 3 by deprotection of compounds of 10 formula (301) using methods known to one skilled in the art to generate the compounds of formula (302). Reductive amination of (302) with an aldehyde or a ketone (303) in the presence of a reducing agent such as, but not limited to, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride, or alternatively with formaldehyde and formic acid in refluxing water, provides the amine compound of formula (Ic). 15 In another aspect, the urea compounds of formula (Ib) are prepared by treating an amine compound of formula (302) with an isocyanate in the presence of a base, such as, but not limited to, triethylamine or diisopropylethylamine, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dichloromethane or chloroform. 108

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Id)

Compounds of formula (Id) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 4 where q and R16 and 1—' are as defined above, Q is an alkylene chain, an aralkyl group, or a heteroarylalkyl group (where -CN is a subsituent on the aryl radical of the aralkyl group or on the heteroaryl radical of the heteroarylalkyl group) and R20 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl or cycloalkyl: REACTION SCHEME 4

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000228.tif" id="idf0028" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000229.tif" id="idf0029" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000230.tif" id="idf0030" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000231.tif" id="idf0031" />

(403) N r20

yR

O 10

Compounds of formula (401) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. REACTION SCHEME 4 illustrates a schematic synthesis of oxadiazole compounds for formula (Id). Compounds of formula (402) can be obtained by treating the compound of formula (401) with hydroxylamine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethyl sulfoxide. A compound of formula (402) is converted to a compound of formula (Id) by reacting with an appropriately substituted anhydride or acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine (also as a solvent) in a microwave reactor at a high temperature such as 170 °C. Alternatively, the oxadiazole 15 109 ring formation is accomplished by reacting compound (402) with an appropriately substituted anhydride or acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, diisopropylamine, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dichloromethane.

Alternatively, a compound of formula (402) can react with an appropriately 5 substituted acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, diisopropyl amine, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dichloromethane to lead to the formation of compound of formula (403), which is then treated with a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine (also as a solvent) in a microwave reactor at a high temperature such as 170 °C to provide the compound of formula (Id). 10 Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ie) and Formula (If)

Compounds of formula (Ie) and formula (If) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the fA) methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 5 where q, R16 and Dx are as defined above,

N is a N-heteroaryl, and R21 and R22 are each independently 15 hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, or aryl or R21 and R22, together with the nitrogen to which they are both attached, form an optionally substituted N-heteroaryl or N-heterocycl: REACTION SCHEME 5 (R16) N'R21 O-R21 110

Compounds of formula (501) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 5 above illustrates a schematic synthesis of 5 compounds of formula (Ie) and formula (If). A compound of formula (Ie) is obtained by treating the compound of formula (501) with an amine such as, but not limited to, dimethylamine, piperidine or morpholine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylfromamide at a high temperature, such as 120 °C.

In another aspect, compound of formula (If) is obtained by treating the 10 compound of formula (501) with an oxide nucleophile such as, but not limited to, sodium methoxide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylfromamide at high temperature such as 120 °C.

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ig)

Compounds of formula (Ig) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above 15 in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth p) below in REACTION SCHEME 6 where where q, R16 and 1—' are as defined above, Q is an alkylene chain, an aralkyl group or a heteroarylalkyl group (where -C(O)OR23 is a substituent on the aryl radical of the aralkyl group or on the heteroaryl radical of the heteroarylalkyl group), R23 is alkyl, and R24 and R25 are each independently hydrogen, 20 alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or heteroaryl: 111 REACTION SCHEME 6

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000232.tif" id="idf0032" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000233.tif" id="idf0033" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000234.tif" id="idf0034" />

3

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000235.tif" id="idf0035" />

(603) 10 15

Compounds of formula (601) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 6 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds as formula (Ig). An ester compound of formula (601) is converted to the corresponding carboxylic acid of formula (602) by treatment of the ester compound of formula (601) with a base such as, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide, in a mixed solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or methanol with water. The acid compound of formula (602) can be converted to a mixed anhydride, by treatment with iso-butyl chloroformate in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, N-methylmorpholine, or the corresponding acid chloride, by treating with oxalyl chloride in the presence of catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene, dichloromethane or chloroform. The mixed anhydride reacts directly with, or the acid chloride react with, in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, triethylamine or diisopropyl ethylamine, a primary or secondary amine to form the amide compound (603). When R24 and R25 are each hydrogen, the compound of formula (603) reacts with N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetyl in a solvent such as, but not limited to, 1,4-dioxane to generate an intermediate that reacts with hydrazine to form the triazole compound of (Ig). 20 112

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ih), Formula (Ii), Formula (Iia), Formula (Iib),

Formula (Iic), Formula (Ij), Formula (Ik), Formula (Ika), Formula (Ikb), Formula (Ikc), Formula (Ikd), Formula (Ike) and Formula (Ikf)

Compounds of formula (Ih), formula (Ii), formula (Iia), formula (Iib), formula (Iic), 5 formula (Ij), formula (Ik), formula (Ika), formula (Ikb), formula (Ikc), formula (Ikd), formula (Ike) and formula (Ikf) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEMES 7 and 8 wherein q, R15, R16, R20, and —are as defined

A above, NX is aryl or heteroaryl, R26, R27, and R28 are each independently 10 hydrogen, alkyl, optionally substituted aryl or optionally substituted heteroaryl, and R35 is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 7

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000236.tif" id="idf0036" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000237.tif" id="idf0037" />

(R16)q

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000238.tif" id="idf0038" />

28

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000239.tif" id="idf0039" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000240.tif" id="idf0040" />

35 113 REACTION SCHEME 8 HN-π-

R35-s=o^^N

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000241.tif" id="idf0041" />

(Ikf)

R bHt

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000242.tif" id="idf0042" />

1s (801)

R 26

N 27

R

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000243.tif" id="idf0043" />

1s (Ika)

HN R60^

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000244.tif" id="idf0044" />

1s (Ikb)

R 28

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000245.tif" id="idf0045" />

(Ij) 1s

R

NC

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000246.tif" id="idf0046" />

(Ik)

R

HN

HN^ R35 O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000247.tif" id="idf0047" />

1s (Ikc)

R r26-n R2

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000248.tif" id="idf0048" />

(Ikd)

R

HO-N

W

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000249.tif" id="idf0049" />

(802)

R

O'N

"* / x R20^N

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000250.tif" id="idf0050" />

(Ike)

R

Compounds of formula (701) and formula (801) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, compounds of formula (Ih), formula (Ii), formula (Iia), formula (Iib), formula (Iic), formula (Ij), formula (Ik), formula (Ika), formula (Ikb), formula (Ikc), formula (Ikd), formula (Ike) and formula (Ikf) are synthesized as shown in REACTION SCHEME 7 or REACTION SCHEME 8. Compound of formula (701) or formula (801) reacts with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) with or without a ligand such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, a base such as, 10 114 but not limited to, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium tert-butoxide, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene, dioxane or tetrahydrofuran, to provide the amino compound of formula (Iia) or formula (Ika) (See Muci, A. R. et al., Topics in Current Chemistry (2002), 219:131).

Alternatively, compound of formula (701) or formula (801) reacts with a cyclised lactam type of compound in the presence of a copper catalyst such as, but not limited to, copper (I) iodide, a ligand such as, but not limited to, 8-hydroxyquinoline or rac-trans-N,N'-dimethylcyclohexane-1,2-diamine, a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethyl sulfoxide provides the product of formula (Iia) or formula (Ika).

Alternatively, the carboxylic acid compound of formula (702) reacts with diphenyl phosphorazidate in the presence of an amine such as, but not limited to, triethylamine and tert-butanol in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene gives a tert-butyloxycarbonyl protected amino intermediate that leads to the formation of the amino compound of formula (Iia), where R26 and R27 are each hydrogen, upon acidic treatment.

Compound (701) or (801) reacts with an alkyl, vinyl, aryl or heteroaryl boronic acid or an alkyl, vinyl, aryl or heteroaryl stannane reagent in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) with or without a ligand such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, a base such as, but not limited to, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate, or sodium bicarbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethoxyethane, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran to provide the coupled product of formula (Ih) or (Ij) (See Kotha, S. et al., Tetrahedron (2002), 58:9633 and Miyaura, N. et al., Chem. Rev. (1995), 95:2457 and Farina, V. et al., Org. React. (1997), 50:1).

Compound (701) or (801) reacts with sodium cyanide, zinc cyanide or tributyltin cyanide and potassium cyanide in the presence of a nickel catalyst such as, but not limited to, nickel(II) chloride or a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and a ligand such as, but not limited to, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N- dimethylformamide, 1-methylpyrrolidinone or acetonitrile to provide the cyano compounds of formula (Ii) or formula (Ik) (See Marcantonio, K.M. et al., Org. Lett. (2004), 6:3723-5 and Yang, C. et al., Org. Lett. (2004), 6:2837-40). 115

Compound (701) reacts with a sodium sulfonate such as, but not limited to, sodium methanesulfonate in the presence of a copper catalyst such as, but not limited to, copper iodide, and the sodium salt of L-proline in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethyl sulfoxide to provide the sulfone product of formula (Iib).

In compound of formula (Ika), when R26 and R27 are each hydrogen, it is coupled with a carboxylic acid, carried out by one skilled in the art, to provide the amide compound of formula (Ikb). Alternatively, treatment of the amino compound of formula (Ika) with an amine in the presence of a coupling agent such as, but not limited to, trichloromethyl chloroformate provide the urea compound of formula (Ikc).

Compound (801) reacts with an alcohol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium acetate and a ligand such as, but not limited to, 1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphonium)propane bis(tetrafluoroborate) and a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide to provide the ester compound of formula (Ij), where R28 is -COOR25 (where R25 is as defined above). When R25 is phenyl, the ester compound of formula (Ij) is treated with an amine in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide to provide the amide compound of formula (Ikd). Alternatively, the ester compound of formula (Ij) is hydrolyzed using a base such as, but not limited to, lithium hydroxide or sodium hydroxide to afford an acid that can couple with an amine, carried out by one skilled in the art, to provide the amide compound of formula (Ikd). Alternatively, the hydrolysis of a nitrile compound of formula (Ik) with aqueous sodium carbonate and hydrogen peroxide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, ethanol provides the primary amide compound of formula (Ikd).

Alternatively, compounds of formula (802) can be obtained by treating the compound of formula (Ik) with hydroxylamine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethyl sulfoxide. A compound of formula (802) is converted to a compound of formula (Ike) by reacting with an appropriately substituted anhydride or acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine (also as a solvent) in a microwave reactor at a high temperature such as 170 °C.

Alternatively, when R26 and R27 are each hydrogen, compounds of formula (Iia) and (Ika) react with a sulfonyl chloride reagent such as, but not limited to, methanesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dichloromethane or chloroform to provide the sulphonamide product of formula (Iic) and (Ikf). 116

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Im) and Formula (Ima)

Compounds of formula (Im) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 9 wherein q, R15, R16, R20, R26 and R27 are as described 5 above: REACTION SCHEME 9

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000251.tif" id="idf0051" />

(901)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000252.tif" id="idf0052" />

(Im) R26

N R27

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000253.tif" id="idf0053" />

(902)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000254.tif" id="idf0054" />

R20 (Ima) 10 15 20

Compounds of formula (901) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, compounds of formula (Im) and formula (Ima) are synthesized as shown in REACTION SCHEME 9. A compound of formula (901) reacts with a primary or secondary amine in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium (II) acetate, tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium(0) or tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) with or without a ligand such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tri(o-tolyl)phosphine, 1,1'- bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl, a base such as, but not limited to, sodium carbonate, cesium carbonate or sodium tert-butoxide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene, dioxane, or tetrahydrofuran to provide the amino compound of formula (Im) (See Muci, A. R. et al., Topics in Current Chemistry (2002), 219:131). 117

Compound (901) reacts with sodium cyanide, zinc cyanide or tributyltin cyanide and potassium cyanide in the presence of a nickel catalyst such as, but not limited to, nickel(II) chloride or a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium acetate, tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) and a ligand such as, but not limited to, tri(o- 5 tolyl)phosphine, 1,1'-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene or 2-(di-tert-butylphosphino)biphenyl in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide, 1-methylpyrrolidinone or acetonitrile to provide the cyano compounds of formula (902) (See Marcantonio, K.M. et al., Org. Lett. (2004), 6:3723-5 and Yang, C. et al., Org. Lett. (2004), 6:2837-40). 10 A compound of formula (902) is treated with hydroxylamine and with an appropriately substituted anhydride or acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine (also as a solvent) in a microwave reactor at a high temperature such as 170 °C to provide the oxadiazole product of formula (Ima). Preparation of Compounds of Formula (In) and (Ina) 15

Compounds of formula (In) and (Ina) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 10 wherein R15, R26, R27 and defined above, and R29 is -C(O)H, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl or formyl: © are as REACTION SCHEME 10 O\ OA) O\ Oa --- Br-£ T =O -O * R29—π- "N "N \ R15 R15 (1001) (1002)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000255.tif" id="idf0055" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000256.tif" id="idf0056" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000257.tif" id="idf0057" />

(Ina) (1003)

When R29 = C(O)H

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000258.tif" id="idf0058" />

Compounds of formula (1001) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in 20 118 PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, compounds of formul (In) can be synthesized as shown in REACTION SCHEME 10. Treatment of a compound of formula (1001) with a lithium reagent such as, but not limited to, n-butyllithium or t-butyllithium in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or diethyl ether, generates an anion that reacts with

an electrophile to provide the compound of formula (1002). When the electrophile is N,N-dimethylformamide, an aldehyde compound of formula (1002) where R29 is C(O)H is obtained, which reacts with an amine under reductive amination conditions, in the presence of a reducing agent such as, but not limited to, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride, to provide the amine compound of formula (In).

Alternatively, treatment of a compound of formula (1001) with an alcohol such as, but not limited to, benzyl alcohol, phenol or substituted aryl and heteroaryl hydroxy compounds in the presence of a copper reagent such as, but not limited to, copper (I) iodide, a ligand such as, but not limited to, 3,4,7,8-tetramethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and a base such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene provides the ether compound of formula (Ina).

Alternatively, treatment of a compound of formula (1001) with a lithium reagent such as n-butyl lithium or t-butyl lithium, a boron reagent such as, but not limited to, trimethyl borate, followed by oxidation with hydrogen peroxide affords the hydoxy compound of formula (1003). Treatment of a compound of formula (1003) with an aryl or heteroaryl halide in the presence of a copper reagent such as, but not limited to, copper (I) iodide, a ligand such as, but not limited to, 1-butyl-1H-imidazole and a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, toluene provides the ether compound of formula (Ina).

Alternatively, treatment of a compound of formula (1003) with a base such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide and reaction with a halo reagent R27-X gives the ether compound of formula (Ina).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Io)

Compounds of formula (Io) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 11 wherein q, R15 and R16 are as defined above and R30 is alkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl: 119 REACTION SCHEME 11

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000259.tif" id="idf0059" />

(1101) (1102)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000260.tif" id="idf0060" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000261.tif" id="idf0061" />

Compounds of formula (1101) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in 5 PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 11 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Io). The benzyl protecting group of (1101) is removed selectively by hydrogenation under one atm pressure of hydrogen with a catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium on carbon in a solvent such as, but not limited to, 10 methanol, to provide the compound of formula (1102). The reaction of compound of formula (1102) with an alcohol (R30-OH) under Mitsunobu reaction conditions in the presence of a phosphine reagent such as, but not limited to, triphenylphosphine, tributylphosphine, or trimethyl phosphine, and azadicarboxylate of diethyl, diisopropyl, di-ferf-butyl or W,W,W',W'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide in a solvent such as, but not 15 limited to, tetrahydrofuran, ethyl acetate, or dichloromethane, provides the compound of formula (Io).

Alternatively, treatment of compound of formula (1102) with a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate or sodium hydride in a solvent such as, but not limited to N,N-dimethylformamide or tetrahydrofuran and reaction with an alkyl halide 20 R30-X provides the compound of formula (Io).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ip)

Compounds of formula (Ip) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above 120 in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 12 wherein R", q, R15 and R16 are as defined above, and R31 is alkyl or haloalkyl: 5 REACTION SCHEME 12

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000262.tif" id="idf0062" />

10 15 20 PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. Compounds of formula (105) are commercially available.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 12 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Ip). Treatment of the alcohol compound of formula (1201) with a Grignard reagent of formula (105) at low temperature (0 °C) forms a phenoxymagnesium halide intermediate which reacts with an electrophile such as, but not limited to, trifluoroacetic anhydride in a solvent, such as, but not limited to, methylene chloride or tetrahydrofuran, to afford a compound of formula (Ip).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iq), Formula (Ir) and Formula (Is)

Compounds of formula (Iq), formula (Ir) and formula (Is) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 13 wherein q, R16, R26, R27 R 32 and are as defined above, and Qa is an C1-C3alkylene chain, R32 is hydrogen or alkyl, and R33 is hydrogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclyl: 121 REACTION SCHEME 13 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000263.tif" id="idf0063" />

(1301)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000264.tif" id="idf0064" />

(1302)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000265.tif" id="idf0065" />

(R16)q-Ti-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000266.tif" id="idf0066" />

(Ir) N-R26

R

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000267.tif" id="idf0067" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000268.tif" id="idf0068" />

(Is)

Compounds of formula (1301) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. Compounds R33-X are commercially available.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 13 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iq), formula (Ir) and formula (Is). The oxygen protecting group in the compound of formula (1301) is removed by using the method known to one skilled in the art to provide the alcohol compound of formula (1302). Alkylation with a halide (bromo, chloro or bromo) reagent (R33-X) in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate, sodium hydride or potassium carbonate, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide, provides the compound of formula (Iq). When R32 is a hydrogen in the compound of formula (1302), the primary alcohol is oxidized by an oxidant such as, but not limited to, 1,1,1-tris(acetyloxy)-1,1-dihydro-1,2-benziodoxol-3-(1H)-one (Dess-Martin periodinane) to form its corresponding aldehyde compound of formula (1304), which reacts with an amine under reductive amination conditions, in the presence of a reducing agent such as, but not limited to, sodium cyanoborohydride or sodium triacetoxyborohydride, to provide the amine compound of formula (Ir). In another aspect, the aldehyde compound of formula (1304) reacts with a nucleophile such as, but not limited to, methyl magnesiumbromide or the combination of trifluoromethyltrimethylsilane and cesium fluoride to form the compound of formula (Is). 20 122

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (It)

Compounds of formula (It) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 14 wherein q, R16 and k' are as defined above, and 5

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000269.tif" id="idf0069" />

is an optionally substituted N-heterocyclyl: REACTION SCHEME 14

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000270.tif" id="idf0070" />

(1401)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000271.tif" id="idf0071" />

10 15 20

Compounds of formula (1401) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 14 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (It). Treatment of a compound of formula (1401) with formaldehyde in the presence of an optionally substituted N-heterocyclyl, such as, but not limited to, 4-methylpiperazine or piperidine, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, methanol, provides the compounds of formula (It).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iu)

Compounds of formula (Iu) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 15 wherein X, q, R16 and are as defined above and O is an optionally substituted N-heteroaryl or an optionally substituted N-heterocyclyl and R34 is alkyl or aralkyl: 123 REACTION SCHEME 15 Ο

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000272.tif" id="idf0072" />

ο ο

Compounds of formula (1501) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in 5 PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. Compounds R34-X are commercially available.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 15 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iu). Treatment of a compound of formula (1501) with a base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride and an alkylating reagent (R34-X) in a 10 solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide provides the compound of formula (Iu). Alternatively, the alkylation is accomplished by reacting the compound of formula (1501) with an alkylating reagent such as, but not limited to diemthyl sulfate under phase transfer reaction conditions using a base such as, but not limited to sodium hydroxide, a phase transfer catalyst such as, but not limited to 15 tetrabutylammonium bromide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, aqueous tetrahydrofuran to provide the compound of formula (Iu).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iv) and (Iva)

Compounds of formula (Iv) and (Iva) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods 20 set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 16 wherein R15R20 and are as defined above: 124 REACTION SCHEME 16 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000273.tif" id="idf0073" />

(1601)

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000274.tif" id="idf0074" />

(1602)

Br

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000275.tif" id="idf0075" />

(1603)

R

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000276.tif" id="idf0076" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000277.tif" id="idf0077" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000278.tif" id="idf0078" />

Compounds of formula (1601) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 16 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iv) and (Iva). Treatment of a compound of formula (1601) with a vinyl ether such as, but not limited to, butyl vinyl ether in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium (II) acetate, a ligand such as, but not limited to, 1,3-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane and a base such as, but not limited to, potassium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide provides the compound of formula (1602). Bromination of (1602) with phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide gives the bromo compound of formula (1603). Reaction of (1603) with a sulphur containing reagent such as, but not limited to, thioacetamide or thiourea gives the thiazole compounds of formula (Iv). Alternatively, treatment of (1602) with a strong base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride followed by the reaction with diethyl carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran gives the dicarbonyl compound of formula (1604), which is cyclised with hydrazine to provide the pyrazole compound of formula (Iva). 20 Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iw)

Compounds of formula (Iw) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth 125 below in REACTION SCHEME 17 wherein q, R16 and 1—y are as defined above, and ©

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000279.tif" id="idf0079" />

nh2 is an optionally substituted N-heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 17

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000280.tif" id="idf0080" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000281.tif" id="idf0081" />

10 15

Compounds of formula (1701) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 17 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iw). Treatment of a compound of formula (1701) with N,N-dimethylformamide dimethyl acetal gives the imidoformamide compounds of formula (1702), which upon treatment with trifluoroacetic anhydride in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran provides the cyclized compounds of formula (Iw).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Ix)

Compounds of formula (Ix) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth

R below in REACTION SCHEME 18 where q and R16 and are as defined above, Qb is an alkylene chain or an aralkyl group and R35 is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 18 20

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000282.tif" id="idf0082" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000283.tif" id="idf0083" />

(R16)q-TT

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000284.tif" id="idf0084" />

Comds of formula (1801) can be prepared according to methods known to 126 one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 18 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Ix). Treatment of a compound of formula (1801) with hydrazine 5 gives the amino compounds of formula (1802), which upon reaction with an acylating reagent, carried out by one skilled in the art, provides the amide compound of formula (Ix).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iy) 10 15

Compounds of formula (Iy) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 19 where q, R16 and are as defined above, Q is an alkylene chain, an aralkyl group, an aryl or a heteroaryl group (where -CONH2 is a substituent on the aryl radical of the aralkyl group and on the heteroaryl radical of the heteroarylalkyl group) and R35 is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 19

(R16)q-TT

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000285.tif" id="idf0085" />

(R16)q-£

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000286.tif" id="idf0086" />

(R16)qY

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000287.tif" id="idf0087" />

' /zNYR35 0-(7 ¥

O-N

Compounds of formula (1901) and (1902) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. 20 In general, REACTION SCHEME 19 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iy). Treatment of a compound of formula (1901) with an amide acetyl such as, but not limited to, dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal in a solvent such as, but not limited to, 1,4-dioxane, followed by reaction with hydroxylamine in the presence of acetic acid gives the oxadiazole compound of formula (Iy). 25 Alternatively, treatment of the acid compound of formula (1902) with oxalyl chloride in the presence of a catalytic amount of N,N-dimethylformamide generates the corresponding acyl chloride, which upon reaction with an amidine compound such as, but not limited to, N-hydroxyacetamidine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, pyridine provides the oxadiazole product of formula (Iy). 127 10 15 20

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iz)

Compounds of formula (Iz) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 20 where q and R16 and k' are as defined above, Q is an alkylene chain, an aralkyl group, an aryl group or a heteroaryl group: REACTION SCHEME 20 (R16)q-rr

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000288.tif" id="idf0088" />

(R16)q-TT

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000289.tif" id="idf0089" />

(R16)q-it

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000290.tif" id="idf0090" />

Compounds of formula (2001) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 20 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Iz). Treatment of a compound of formula (2001) with a strong base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride affords the cyano compound of formula (2002). Reaction of (2002) with hydrazine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, ethanol, provides the pyrazole compound of formula (Iz).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Iza)

Compounds of formula (Iza) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth O) below in REACTION SCHEME 21 where q, R16, R20 and are as defined above,

Qb is an alkylene chain or an aralkyl group, or an aryl or heteroaryl group and R20 is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 21

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000291.tif" id="idf0091" />

128

Compounds of formula (2101) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 21 illustrates a schematic synthesis of 5 compounds of formula (Iza). Treatment of the ester compound of formula (2101) with hydrazine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, ethanol gives the hydrazide compound of formula (2102), which upon reaction with an appropriately substituted anhydride or acyl chloride in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, pyridine (also as a solvent) provides the oxadiazole product of formula (Iza). 10 Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izb)

Compounds of formula (Izb) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 22 where R15 and

R are as defined above: REACTION SCHEME 22 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000292.tif" id="idf0092" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000293.tif" id="idf0093" />

20 25 (2201) (Izb)

Compounds of formula (2201) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 22 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Izb). Treatment of the furan compound of formula (2201) with hydrogen in the presence of a palladium catalyst such as, but not limited to, palladium on carbon in a solvent such as, but not limited to, ethyl acetate or methanol provides the tetrahydrofuran product of formula (Izb).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izc)

Compounds of formula (Izc) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth © below in REACTION SCHEME 23 where R16 and are as defined above, and 129 © is a a nitrogen-containing heteroaryl: REACTION SCHEME 23 10 (R16)anr

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000294.tif" id="idf0094" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000295.tif" id="idf0095" />

Compounds of formula (2301) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 23 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Izc). Treatment of compound of formula (2301) with an oxidant such as, but not limited to, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dichloromethane provides the N-oxide product of formula (Izc).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izd) and (Ize)

Compounds of formula (Izd) and (Ize) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 24 where q, R15 and R16 are as defined above: 15 REACTION SCHEME 24

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000296.tif" id="idf0096" />

Compounds of formula (2401) and (2402) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. 5 Compounds (2404) and (2405) are commercially available.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 24 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Izd) and (Ize). Treatment of compound of formula (2401) with hydrazine in a solvent such as, but not limited to, dimethoxyethane followed by reaction with isoamyl nitrite and hypophosphorous acid in a solvent such as, but not 10 limited to, ethanol provides the indazole product of formula (Izd).

Treatment of compound of formula (2401) with either acetohydroxamic acid (2404) or acetone oxime (2405) in the presence of a base such as, but not limited to, cesium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide provides the isooxazole product of formula (Ize). Alternatively, treatment of compound 15 of formula (2402) with hydroxylamine gives the imidamide intermediate of formula (2403), which undergoes intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction provides the isooxazole product of formula (Ize).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izf)

Compounds of formula (Izf) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above 20 in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 25 where q, R15 and R16 are as defined above: REACTION SCHEME 25

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000297.tif" id="idf0097" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000298.tif" id="idf0098" />

(R'°)qq ' (R'e)q-iT R15 R15 (2501) (Izf)

Compounds of formula (2501) can be prepared according to methods known to 25 one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in pct published patent application WO 2006/110917.

In general, Reaction Scheme 25 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Izf). Treatment of compound of formula (2501) with an oxidant such as, but not limited to, 3-chloroperbenzoic acid in a solvent such as, but not limited 131 to, dichloromethane provides the dioxide product of formula (Izf). Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izg)

Compounds of formula (Izg) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth ©, below in REACTION SCHEME 26 where q, R15, R16, R23 and are as defined above: REACTION SCHEME 26

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD000299.tif" id="idf0099" />

(R16)q^

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002100.tif" id="idf0100" />

10 15

Compounds of formula (2601) can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in PCT Published Patent Application WO 2006/110917. Compounds of formula (2603) and formula (2607) are commercially available or can be prepared according to methods known to one skilled in the art or by methods disclosed herein.

In general, REACTION SCHEME 26 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (Izg). Treatment of compound of formula (2601) with hydrazine gives the reduced compound of formula (2602). Treatment of (2602) with a strong base such as, but not limited to, sodium hydride in a solvent such as, but not limited to, N,N-dimethylformamide followed by reaction with a substituted 2-F-nitrobenzene gives the compound of formula (2604). Treatment of (2604) with a strong base such as, but not limited to, lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran and reaction with methyl cyanoformate of formula (2605). Reduction of (2605) with hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst, palladium on carbon, in a solvent such as, but not limited to, methanol gives the cyclised product of formula (2606). 20 132

Compound of formula (2606) is alkylated with the chloro or bromo compound of formula (2607) to afford the product of formula (Izg).

Preparation of Compounds of Formula (Izh)

Compounds of formula (Izh) are compounds of the invention, as set forth above in the Summary of the Invention. They may be prepared by the methods set forth below in REACTION SCHEME 27 where q, R15, R16 and © are as defined above: REACTION SCHEME 27 (R16)q-rr

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002101.tif" id="idf0101" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002102.tif" id="idf0102" />

Compounds of formula (2701) can be prepared according to methods known to 10 one skilled in the art or by the methods disclosed herein or by the methods disclosed in pct published patent application WO 2006/110917.

In general, Reaction Scheme 27 illustrates a schematic synthesis of compounds of formula (izh). Treatment of compound of formula (2701) with iodochloromethane or diiodomethane in the presence of a base such as, but not 15 limited to, cesium carbonate in a solvent such as, but not limited to, tetrahydrofuran or N,N-dimethylformamide provides the cyclized product of formula (Izh).

The following Preparations, which are directed to the preparation of intermediates used in the preparation of the compounds of the invention, the following Examples, which are directed to the preparation of the compounds of the invention, 20 and the following Biological Examples are provided as a guide to assist in the practice of the invention, and are not intended as a limitation on the scope of the invention. PREPARATION 1

Synthesis of 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 25 A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-ol (4.0 g, 24.0 mmol) in 133 anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 12.0 mL, 24.0 mmol). The resultant suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h and isatin (3.1 g, 21.2 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 48 h and was diluted with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (80 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 50 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was triturated with boiling ethyl acetate (10 mL), filtered and dried in vacuo to afford 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.11 g, 62%) as an off-white microcrystalline solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) S 10.34 (s, 1H), 10.02 (br s, 1H), 8.85 (br s, 1H), 7.78 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.74 (m, 4H), 2.77 (br s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 313.1 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol- 2-one A mixture of 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.81 g, 15.4 mmol) and 48% aqueous hydroiodic acid (25 mL) was heated at reflux for 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was diluted with water (50 mL) and ethyl acetate (50 mL). The mixture was briefly sonicated, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (20 mL) and dried in vacuo to afford 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.52 g, 99%) as a pale yellow solid: MS (ES+) m/z 297.2 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 1,3-d/'s(hydroxymethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6- yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) suspension of 3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.66 g, 12.4 mmol), p-formaldehyde (1.85 g, 61.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) and water (30 mL) was added dropwise a solution of sodium hydroxide (2.96 g, 74.1 mmol) in water (30 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1.5 h, and acidified to pH 5 by the dropwise addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid and was diluted with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 50 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The crude product was purified by column 134 chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (67 to 100% gradient) to afford 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.80 g, 41%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 9.79 (br s, 1H), 7.75 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.80 (m, 3H), 6.21-6.14 (m, 1H), 5.95 (br s, 1H), 5.26-5.18 (m, 1H), 5.06-4.98 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.56 (m, 1H), 3.84-3.76 (m, 1H), 2.80 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 379.0 (M + 23). PREPARATION 2

Synthesis of 6-bromo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one A. Synthesis of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-bromophenol (4.4 g, 25.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added iso-propylmagnesium chloride (12.7 mL, 2 M tetrahydrofuran solution, 25.4 mol) slowly at 0 oC. The mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min at 0 oC, then the solvent was removed in vacuo. Dichloromethane (100 mL) was added, followed by the addition of a solution of 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline- 2,3-dione (5.0 g, 16.9 mol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) at 0 oC. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, quenched by the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo. The obtained solid was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to afford 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.4 g, 81%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.49-5.83 (m, 9H), 5.13-4.71 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 449.9 (M - 17), 451.9 (M -17). B. Synthesis of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A mixture of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.5 g, 11.8 mmol), triethylsilane (20.0 mL, excess) and trifluoroacetic acid (20.0 mL, excess) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was treated with diethyl ether to form a suspension. The filtration gave 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.3 g, 82%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.91 (br s, 1H), 7.36 (t, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 135 1H), 6.92 (dd, J = 8.5, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.35 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 4.95 (s, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 452.0 (M + 1), 450.0 (M + 1). C. 6-bromo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one

To a stirred solution of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.3 g, 9.5 mmol), chloroiodomethane (1.8 mL, 25.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added cesium carbonate (9.9 g, 30.5 mmol) under Argon. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was treated with diethyl ether/hexanes to afford 6-bromo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.46 g, 78%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (td, J = 7.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.03 (m, 3H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.42-6.37 (m, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.5, 161.5, 151.8, 141.4, 131.6, 129.3, 128.0, 124.5 (d), 124.0, 114.2, 112.6 (d), 109.2 (d), 80.1, 57.5, 36.9; MS (ES+) m/z 463.9 (M + 1), 465.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 3

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-methoxy-4-methylphenol (Jorgensen, E. C., et al., J. Med. Chem. (1971), 14:1199-202) (7.5 g, 54.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (160 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (29.0 mL, 2 M in tetrahydrofuran, 58 mmol) at 0 °C. The resultant mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min followed by the addition of 1-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione (10.4 g, 36.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (300 mL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution (2 x 200 mL). The ethyl acetate layer was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (19.10 g) as a crude brown oil: MS (ES-) m/z 450.3 (M - 1). 136 B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred mixture of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (15.4 g, 34.1 mmol) and triethylsilane (15 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15 mL) at 0 °C. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was recrystallized from diethyl ether (25 mL) in a Branson ultrasonic bench top water bath to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (11.0 g, 74%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.16 (m, 12H), 7.11-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.57-6.49 (m, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 5.08 (s, 1H), 3.63 (s, 3H), 2.03 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 436.3 (M + 1). PREPARATION 4

Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a stirred solution of 4-chloroisatin (9.10 g, 50.0 mmol) in N, N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) was added sodium hydride (2.20 g, 55.0 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h, followed by the addition of bromodiphenylmethane (14.80 g, 56.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from diethyl ether and hexanes to afford 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (14.20 g, 81%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.17 (m, 11H), 6.98-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.42 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 369.9 (M + 23), 371.9 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 3A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3-methoxy-4-methylphenol, and 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione, 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (87%) as a beige solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (br s, 1H), 7.36-7.16 (m, 10H), 7.05-7.01 (m, 137 2H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.45-6.38 (m, 2H), 4.57-4.49 (m, 2H), 4.03 (br s, 1H), 3.13-2.91 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 505.9 (M + 1), 507.9 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (9.25 g, 19.1 mmol) in dichloromethane (25 mL) was added triethylsilane (10 mL). The mixture was cooled to 0 °C followed by the addition of trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) slowly over 5 min. The resultant mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 5 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated in diethyl ether (25 mL) in a Branson ultrasonic bench top water bath to afford 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (8.90 g, quantitative) as a beige solid: MS (ES+) m/z 468.0 (M + 1), 470.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 5

Synthesis of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-bromophenol (11.9 g, 69.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (160.0 mL) at 0 °C was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran, 38.0 mL, 76.1 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, then 1-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione (10.0 g, 34.6 mmol) was added. The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue obtained was dissolved in ethyl acetate (400.0 mL) and washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution (3 x 100.0 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Purification by flash chromatography with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes afforded 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (11.7 g, 70 %) as a beige solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ9.09 (br s, 1H), 7.47-7.16 (m, 11H), 7.12-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.92-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.72-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.51-6.45 (m, 1H), 4.57 (br s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 484.2 (M + 1), 486.2 (M + 1). 138 B. Synthesis of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- indol-2-one

To an ice cold stirred solution of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (13.1 g, 27.1 mmol) in triethylsilane (25.0 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (25.0 mL). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 64 h, then concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Recrystallization from diethyl ether (25.0 mL) in a Branson ultrasonic bench top water bath afforded 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.1 g, 79%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.17 (s, 1H), 7.407.03 (m, 13H), 6.99-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.79-6.74 (m, 2H), 6.58-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H); MS (ES-) m/z 468.2 (M - 1), 470.2 (M - 1). PREPARATION 6

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3,4-dimethylphenol (2.50 g, 20.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL ) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (10.2 mL, 2.0 M tetrahydrofuran solution, 20.40 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir for 1 h at 0 °C, then the solvent was removed in vacuo. Dichloromethane (200 mL) was added, followed by the addition of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (5.00 g, 15.95 mmol). The mixture was stirred for 54 h at ambient temperature, quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was washed with water, brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography to give 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.10 g, 73%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.27 (m, 10H), 7.08-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 1H), 6.81-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.49-6.46 (m, 1H), 2.15 (s, 3H), 2.02 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 418.1 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5- 139 dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (93%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.34-7.27 (m, 11H), 7.06-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.55-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 2.17 (s, 3H), 2.12 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 420.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 7

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a stirred solution of 5-fluoroisatin (6.00 g, 36.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) was added sodium hydride (1.60 g, 40.0 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h followed by the addition of bromodiphenylmethane (10.0 g, 38.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 7 h, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, the residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexanes to give 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione (6.30 g, 52%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ DDD7.39-7.27 (m, 11H), 7.04-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.46-6.42 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 354.2 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (99%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.94 (s, 1H), 7.36-7.19 (m, 11H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.82-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.48-6.38 (m, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.38 (br s, 1H), 3.06-3.00 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 466.4 (M - 1). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3- 140 dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (94%): mp 179-181 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ7.36-7.19 (m, 11H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.77-6.69 (m, 2H), 6.45-6.39 (m, 2H), 5.04 (s, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.10-3.02 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 452.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 8

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4A, and making noncritical variations using 6-fluoroisatin (Sadler, P. W., J. Org. Chem. (1956), 21(2):169-70) to replace 4-chloroisatin, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (76%): mp 167-169 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δΞΙΞΙ 7.41-7.27 (m, 11H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.30-6.26 (m, 1H), 5.82-5.80 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 354.1 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (84%): mp 147-149 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.20 (m, 11H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.79-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.20-6.17 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 450.1 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5- 141 yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (99%): mp 121-123 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) N 7.36-7.16 (m, 11H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.77-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.25-6.21 (m, 1H), 5.00 (s, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.083.01 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 451.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 9

Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4- methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 3-methylbenzo[d]isoxazol-6-ol (Iranpoor, N., et al., Tetrahedron Lett. (2006), 47:8247) to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (76%): mp 199-201 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 7.52 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.75 (m, 5H), 4.83 (AB, 2H), 3.71 (s, 3H), 2.77 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 417.0 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4- methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.70 g; 8.9 mmol) and triethylsilane (8.4 mL, 52.6 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (7.0 mL, 90.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 57 h, concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was washed with diethyl ether-hexanes (1:2) to afford 3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.34 g, 93%): mp 195-197 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 7.37 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.19-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.03-6.81 (m, 6 H), 6.42 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.46 (s, 1H), 5.04 (Aq, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 401.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 10

Synthesis of 1-benzhydryl-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)indolin-2-one 142 A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3- hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (95%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 9.50-9.00 (br, 1H), 7.48 7.41 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.25 (m, 8H), 7.22-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.56-6.46 (m, 2H), 4.43-4.00 (br, 1H), 3.81 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 456.1 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 3B, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (73%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.33-8.84 (br, 1H), 7.41-7.25 (m, 9H), 7.22-7.04 (m, 4H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.71 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 12.2 Hz, 1H), 6.56-6.49 (m, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 3.84 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 440.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 11

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 4-fluorophenol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (76%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.47-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.19 (m, 10H), 7.14-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.94-6.87 (m, 3H), 6.62-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.53-6.45 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 448.0 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 3B, and making non 143 critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (78%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.26 (m, 9H), 7.22-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 7.056.97 (m, 1H), 6.96-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.68-6.61 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.16 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 410.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 12

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol- 2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 3-methoxyphenol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (99%): MS (ES+) m/z 420.2 (M - 17), 460.2 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H- indol-2-one

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (27.9 g, 63.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (200 mL) were added trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL ) and triethylsilane (1.5 mL) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was refluxed for 15 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatograph using 25% ethyl acetate in hexane to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.40 g, 27%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.40-7.18 (m, 11 H), 7.13-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.67-6.64 (m, 1H), 6.57-6.52 (m, 1H), 6.41 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H). PREPARATION 13

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 144 A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (88%) as a pale yellow powder: mp 210-212 °C (water); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 9.08 (br s, 1H), 7.427.24 (m, 11H), 6.97-6.79 (m, 4H), 6.54 (br s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.13 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 176.8, 143.0, 142.7, 138.3, 137.8, 128.5, 128.4, 128.3, 128.0, 127.6, 127.4, 123.7, 121.6, 120.8, 115.6, 110.8, 103.3, 74.1, 64.4, 63.8, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 488.2 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (quantitative) as a pale pink solid: mp 157-160 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 9.19 (br s, 1H), 7.42-7.27 (m, 10H), 6.98-6.91 (m, 3H), 6.88-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.69-6.63 (m, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.11 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 176.2, 149.2, 142.8, 142.6, 138.2, 137.8, 135.8, 130.1, 128.6, 128.4, 128.3, 128.2, 127.7, 1275, 126.8, 123.6, 121.7, 118.9, 117.0, 110.6, 103.8, 64.3, 63.8, 57.4, 47.4; MS (ES+) m/z 450.3 (M + 1). PREPARATION 14

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H- chromen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of chroman-7-ol (Cube, R.V., et al., B/oorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2005), 15(9):2389-93) (0.55 g, 3.66 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (11 mL) under nitrogen was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.4 mL, 2 M in 145 tetrahydrofuran, 4.8 mmol). The resulting solution was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min. A suspension of 1-(diphenylmethyl)indoline-2,3-dione (1.16 g, 3.70 mmol) in dichloromethane (4 mL) was added. The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min, then warmed to ambient temperature and stirred for 15.5 h. The reaction was diluted with saturated ammonium chloride solution (10 mL) and the organic solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The residual mixture was diluted with water (50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (7:3) to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.37 g, 81%) as a light yellow solid: mp 204-206 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.90 (s, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J = 5.6, 3.2 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.23 (m, 10H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.52-6.47 (m, 3H), 4.23 (s, 1H), 4.121 (dd, J = 5.7, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 2.53 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.95-1.87 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 486.1 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (81%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 207-210 °C (hexanes): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.43 (br s, 1H), 7.37-7.22 (m, 11H), 7.09-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.99 (s, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.56-6.50 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.05 (s, 1H), 4.15-4.08 (m, 2H), 2.68-2.51 (m, 2H), 1.97-1.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.1, 155.4, 154.9, 143.4, 137.5, 137.4, 128.8, 128.7, 128.6, 128.5, 128.1, 127.9, 127.3, 125.9, 122.9, 115.8, 114.6, 112.8, 106.7, 66.5, 58.8, 47.3, 24.4, 22.6; MS (ES+) m/z 448.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 15

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5- benzo-dioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 14A, and making non 146 critical variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]dioxepin-7-ol (Lange, J., et al., Heterocycles (2000), 53(1):197-204) to replace chroman-7-ol, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzo-dioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (70%) as a pale orange solid: mp 115-118 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.25 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.29 (m, 11H), 6.98-6.80 (m, 4H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.14-3.98 (m, 4H), 2.10-2.02 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 150.9, 148.9, 143.3, 143.0, 138.2, 137.8, 132.5, 128.5, 128.4, 128.3, 128.1, 127.6, 127.4, 123.7, 122.5, 121.7, 120.2, 110.8, 107.7, 74.0, 70.71, 70.65, 57.3, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 502.1 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5- benzodioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)- 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzodioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (91%) as an off-white powder: mp 193-195 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (br s, 1H), 7.39-7.27 (m, 9H), 7.237.20 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.53-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 4.25-3.99 (m, 4H), 2.22-2.06 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.9, 151.7, 151.6, 145.3, 143.3, 137.4, 137.1, 128.9, 128.8, 128.6, 128.4, 128.2, 128.0, 126.5, 126.1, 123.1, 120.2, 118.2, 112.9, 112.0, 71.0, 70.8, 58.9, 47.2, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 464.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 16

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3- benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) suspension of 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol (Fujita, et al., Synthesis (1982):62-9) (10.3 g, 68.9 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (34.4 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 68.9 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h, and 1-benzhydrylindoline- 147 2.3- dione (18.8 g, 59.9 mmol) and anhydrous dichloromethane (150 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 6 days and was allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was diluted with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 χ 200 mL) and the combined organic solution was washed with brine (2 χ 200 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (3/1), followed by recrystallization from hexanes/ethyl acetate to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.10 g, 10%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.41 (br s, 1H), 7.63-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.47-7.32 (m, 10H), 7.15 (s, 1H), 7.04-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.96-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (br s, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 445.2 (M -17). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 1B, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (87%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 447.4 (M + 1). PREPARATION 17

Synthesis of 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one A. Synthesis of 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]- 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 14A, and making noncritical variations using 6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one (Loudon and Ogg, J. Chem. Soc., 1955:739-743 ) to replace chroman-7-ol, 7-[1- (diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H- 1.4- benzoxazin-3(4H)-one was obtained (27%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.44 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.25 (m, 11H), 7.01-6.77 (m, 4H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 148 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.38-6.27 (m, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H), 3.19 (s, 3H); MS (ES-) m/z 491.5 (M - 1). B. Synthesis of 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy- 4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

To a solution of 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (4.0 g, 8.1 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (1.8 mL, 24.4 mmol) was added triethylsilane (3.9 mL, 24.4 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10 to 100% gradient) to afford 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (2.66 g, 71%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.28 (m, 10H), 6.99-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.89-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 4.90 (s, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 477.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 18

Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one A. Synthesis of 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 7-amino-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (10.0 g, 56 mmol) in water (80 mL) was added concentrated sulfuric acid (17 mL).

After stirring at 0 °C for 10 min, a solution of sodium nitrite (4.1 g, 59 mmol) in water (10 mL) was added dropwise. After stirring for 0.5 h, the reaction mixture was added dropwise to a solution of cupric sulfate (50 g) in water (300 mL) at reflux. Once the addition was complete, the reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was extracted with ethyl acetate (5 χ 200 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by trituration with ice-cold ethyl acetate (25 mL) and the solid was collected by vacuum filtration, air-dried and dried under high vacuum to afford 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (3.22 g, 32%) as a tan solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.40 (s, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.56 (s, 2H), 3.21 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 180.1 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]- 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 16A, and making non- 149 critical variations using 7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one to replace 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol, 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one was obtained (74%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.54 (s, 1H), 7.55 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 10H), 6.99-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.86-6.80 (m, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.35-6.30 (m, 2H), 4.61 (s, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 475.0 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy- 4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 17B, and making noncritical variations using 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one to replace 7-(1-benzhydryl-3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one, 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-7-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one was obtained (65%) as an amorphous solid: MS (ES+) m/z 477.4 (M + 1). PREPARATION 19

Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one A. Synthesis of 5-{[fer(-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a solution of 5-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (Itoh, et al., J. Org. Chem. 2002 (67):7424-7428) (1.00 g, 6.6 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added imidazole (0.54 g, 7.9 mmol), followed by chloro-tert-butyldimethylsilane (1.10 g, 7.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (0 to 50% gradient) to afford 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (1.53 g, 87%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.04 (br s, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.60-6.53 (m, 2H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.19 (s, 6H). B. Synthesis of 5-{[fer(-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)- one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (1.45 g, 5.4 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (0.26 g, 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 6.6 mmol). The reaction mixture 150 was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min followed by the addition of iodomethane (1.0 mL, 16 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and diluted with water (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 χ 20 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with water (5 χ 20 mL) and brine (2 χ 20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (0 to 25% gradient) to afford 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (1.26 g, 83%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.02 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.35 (s, 3H), 0.99 (s, 9H), 0.20 (s, 6H). C. Synthesis of 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (1.20 g, 4.3 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added dropwise tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride (4.7 mL, 1 M in tetrahydrofuran, 4.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added ethyl acetate (10 mL) and a 1 M solution of hydrochloric acid (20 mL) and the resultant suspension was sonicated for 5 min. The product was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with ethyl acetate (10 mL), air-dried and dried under high vaccum to afford 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (0.47 g, 67%) as a pink solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.52 (br s, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H); MS (ES-) m/z 164.2 (M - 1). D. Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]- 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 16A, and making noncritical variations using 5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol, 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one was obtained (66%) as a pink solid: MS (ES+) m/z 461.1 (M - 17). E. Synthesis of 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy- 3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 9B, and making non 151 critical variations using 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one was obtained (98%) as a yellow amorphous solid: MS (ES+) m/z 463.4 (M + 1). PREPARATION 20

Synthesis of 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one A. Synthesis of 6-{[fe/f-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)- one

To a solution of 6-hydroxy-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (4.9 g, 32 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (40 mL) was added imidazole (2.6 g, 39 mmol) and chloro-tert-butyldimethylsilane (5.4 g, 35 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL). The resultant suspension was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated /n vacuo. The residue was taken up in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) and cooled to 0 °C. To this solution was added sodium hydride (1.6 g, 60% dispersion in mineral oil, 39 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min. Iodomethane (6.1 mL, 97 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated /n vacuo and the residue was taken up in water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 χ 100 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with water (2 χ 100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated /n vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (5/1) to afford 6-{[tert- butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (6.55 g, 72%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) S 6.79-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.69-6.64 (m, 1H), 3.36 (s, 3H), 0.98 (s, 9H), 0.17 (s, 6H). B. Synthesis of 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 19C, and making noncritical variations using 6-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 5-{[tert-butyl(dimethyl)silyl]oxy}-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one, 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one was obtained (99%) as a tan solid: 1H 152 NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) N9.50 (br s, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 2.1

Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 3.27 (s, 3H); MS (ES-) m/z 164.2 (M - 1). C. Synthesis of 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]- 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 15A, and making noncritical variations using 6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-5-ol, 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one was obtained (46%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) N9.62 (br s, 1H), 7.64 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.06-6.71 (m, 5H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 479.1 (M + 1). D. Synthesis of 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy- 3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 17B, and making noncritical variations using 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 7-(1-benzhydryl-3-hydroxy-2-oxoindolin-3-yl)-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-3(4H)-one, 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one was obtained (73%) as a pale pink solid: MS (ES+) m/z 463.4 (M + 1). PREPARATION 21

Synthesis of 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4A, and making noncritical variations using 7-chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 4-chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (38%) as an orange solid: mp 172-173 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 7.71-7.60 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.27 (m, 11H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 1H). B. Synthesis of 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol (0.52 g, 3.8 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.1 mL, 153 2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 4.2 mmol). The resultant suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h and followed by the addition of 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (2.11 g, 15.5 mmol) in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (0% to 50% gradient) to afford 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.12 g, 95%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.43 (s, 1H), 7.56-7.18 (m, 13H), 6.99-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 4.56 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.10 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H). C. Synthesis of 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (64%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.53 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.20 (m, 13H), 7.01-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 4.82 (s, 1H), 4.48 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.03 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H). PREPARATION 22

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4A, and making noncritical variations using 7-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione (Kalia, N., et al., J. Med. Chem. 2007; 50:21-39) to replace 4-chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (56%) as an orange solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.52-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.30 (m, 10H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.99 (br s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 353.9 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 21B, making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 7- 154 chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: mp 121-122 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.44 (s, 1H), 7.62 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.29 m, 10H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.93-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.78-6.65 (m, 2H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.14 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 467.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 23

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-7-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4A, and making noncritical variations using 4-fluoro-7-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione (Cassebaum, J. Prakt. Chem. (1960) 12:91-92) to replace 4-chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-7-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (45%) as a brown solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38-7.27 (m, 11 H), 6.81 (s, 1H), 6.71 (dd, J = 8.3, 8.3 Hz, 1H), 2.27 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 367.7 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 21B, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-7-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-chloro-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (56%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.88 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.09 (m, 11H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 2H), 6.60 (br s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.54 (m, 2H), 4.08 (s, 1H), 3.13-2.94 (m, 2H), 2.28 (br s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 503.8 (M + 23). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-7-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: MS 155 (ES+) m/z 465.7 (M + 1). PREPARATION 24

Synthesis of 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-((5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 4-bromophenol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one was obtained (62%) as a white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.31 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.38-6.32 (m, 1H), 5.00-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.09 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 449.9 (M - 17), 451.3 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 17B, and making noncritical variations using 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one to replace 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one, 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.78 (br s, 1H), 7.44-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.36-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.73-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.37-6.32 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 5.00-4.85 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 452.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 25

Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6-isopentyl-6H-thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7(8H)-one A. Synthesis of 6-(3-methylbutyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione

To a stirred solution of 6H-thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione (2.83 g, 13.9 mmol) in a mixture of anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (80 mL) 156 was added cesium carbonate (23.0 g, 70 mmol) at ambient temperature. The deep purple mixture was stirred for 0.5 h followed by the addition of 1-bromo-3-methylbutane (4.15 mL, 35.0 mmol) in one portion. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and poured into 800 mL of ice-water and extracted with ethyl acetate. The orange solution was filtered through Celite, dried over magnesium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness and the residue was triturated with diethyl ether to afford 6-(3-methylbutyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione (2.2 g, 57%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.36 (s, 1H), 8.38 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.58 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.47 (m, 2H), 0.94 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 6H). B. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(3- methylbutyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 6-(3-methylbutyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(3-methylbutyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one was obtained (46%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.00 (s, 1H), 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (s, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.15 (s, 4H), 3.813.59 (m, 2H), 1.79-1.55 (m, 1H), 1.56-1.42 (m, 2H), 0.93 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 427.0 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(3-methylbutyl)- 6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 12B, and making noncritical variations using 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6-isopentyl-6H-thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7(8H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(3-methylbutyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one was obtained (93%): MS (ES+) m/z 411.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 26

Synthesis of 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7-one 157 A. Synthesis of 6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-2,3-dihydro-6H- [1,4]dioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione

To a stirred solution of 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-7,8-dione (Lackey and Sternbach, Synthesis 1993:993-997) (3.08 g, 15.0 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (150 mL) was added sodium hydride (0.9 g, 60% in mineral oil, 22.5 mmol) at ambient temperature. The deep purple mixture was stirred for 20 min followed by the addition of 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan (3.80 g, 16.5 mmol) in one portion. The dark solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was mixed with water (150 mL) and stirred. The fine orange precipitation was filtered off and dried to afford 6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione (4.13 g, 78%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.76-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.45-6.40 (m, 1H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.42-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.28-4.20 (m, 2H). B. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol- 7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3, 4-dimethylphenol, and 6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7(3H)-one was obtained (76%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.08 (s, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.74-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.36-6.32 (m, 1H), 4.84 (dd, J = 48.7, 16.3 Hz, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.20 (m, 4H), 4.16 (s, 1H), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 471.9 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/1indol- 7-one

To a solution of 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7(3H)-one (1.81 g, 3.70 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) were added triethylsilane (6.0 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) at 0 °C. The resultant mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness to afford 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran- 5-yl)-6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3- 158 f]indol-7-one (1.70 g, 97%): MS (ES+) m/z 473.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 27

Synthesis of 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7(3H)-one A. Synthesis of 6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3-dihydro-6H- [1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indole-7,8-dione

To a stirred solution of 2H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-7,8(3H,6H)-dione (2.05 g, 10.0 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) was added cesium carbonate (4.4 g, 12.0 mmol) at ambient temperature. The dark mixture was stirred for 1 h, followed by the addition of (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (3.07 g, 12.0 mmol) in one portion and potassium iodide (0.66 g, 4.0 mmol). The dark mixture was stirred at 70° C for 16 h. The mixture was poured into 5% hydrochloric acid solution (300 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was separated, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (30 to 50% gradient) to afford 6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyll-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione (0.59 g, 20%): MS (ES+) m/z 290.2 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-[(2R)- tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3, 4-dimethylphenol, and 6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyll-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyll-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one was obtained: Rf 0.45 (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 1/1); MS (ES+) m/z 408.1 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 12B, and making noncritical variations using 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-6-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- 159 ylmethyl]-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7-one was obtained (76%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.27-9.07 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 6.72-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.99-4.89 (m, 1H), 4.62-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.08 (m, 5H), 3.943.57 (m, 4H), 3.18-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.93-1.78 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.55 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 410.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 28

Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7-one A. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6-((5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-flindol-7(3H)- one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[bl[1,4ldioxin-6-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and 6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[bl[1,4ldioxin-6-yl)-6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7(3H)-one was obtained (80%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.78 (s, 1H), 7.07-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.60-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.51-6.47 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.35 (m, 1H), 6.31-6.25 (m, 1H), 4.89-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.34-4.04 (m, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 487.9 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/1indol- 7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26C, and making noncritical variations using 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[bl[1,4ldioxin-6-yl)-6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7(3H)-one to replace 8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-((5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7(3H)-one, 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one was obtained (89%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.69 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.74 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.06 (m, 8H). 160 PREPARATION 29

Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate salt A. Synthesis of 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[d][1,4]oxazin-7-ol

To a -78 °C solution of 7-bromo-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazine (90%, 10.40 g, 41.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (70 mL) under nitrogen was slowly added n-butyllithium solution (1.4 M in hexanes, 32 mL, 45 mmol) and the resulting suspension was stirred at -78 °C for 35 min. Trimethyl borate (6.0 mL, 54 mmol) was then added dropwise and the clear solution was stirred at -78 °C for 25 min and at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction was cooled to 0 °C and aqueous hydrogen peroxide (8.2 mL, 35%, 95 mmol) was slowly added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min and at ambient temperature for 5 h. The insoluble material was removed by filtration and the filter cake was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was taken up into ethyl acetate (100 mL) and was acidified with hydrochloric acid (100 mL, 1 M). The layers were separated and the organic solution was extracted with water (2 x 50 mL). The combined aqueous solution was neutralized to pH ~ 6-7 with 5 M sodium hydroxide and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). This organic solution was washed with brine (200 mL) and dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (2:1) to afford 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin- 7-ol_(6.04 g, 89%) as a light brown solid: mp 84-87 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) S 6.59 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.40-6.28 (m, 2H), 5.42 (br s, 1H), 4.30 (dd, J = 4.2, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 3.19-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) S 149.1, 145.6, 130.5, 114.7, 108.0, 104.1, 65.3, 49.8, 40.1; MS (ES+) m/z 166.1 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin- 6-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 21B, and making noncritical variations using 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-ol to replace 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol, and 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione to replace 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (56%) as a colourless powder: mp 184-186 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 8.63 (s, 1H), 161 7.24-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.13 (s, 1H), 7.00-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.59 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H), 4.20 (t, J = 4.1 Hz, 2H), 3.14-3.09 (m, 2H), 2.80 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 153.8, 145.8, 144.1, 142.8, 139.3 (q, J = 42 Hz), 132.7, 128.9, 128.5, 123.7, 122.2, 119.6, 119.1 (q, J = 266 Hz), 114.1, 112.3, 109.1, 108.3, 103.1, 74.7, 64.9, 49.2, 39.4, 36.4; MS (ES+) m/z 461.2 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate salt

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of triethylsilane (1.1 mL, 6.9 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (6.5 mL) was slowly added 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.00 g, 2.18 mmol) portionwise as a solid. The resulting brown solution was warmed to reflux and stirred under nitrogen for 2 h. The reaction was cooled and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The residue was precipitated from ethyl acetate/hexanes and collected by filtration to afford 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate salt (1.09 g, 90%) as a light grey powder: mp 143-148 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.98 (br s, 2H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.056.92 (m, 3H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.08 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.21 (m, 2H), 3.23-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.77 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 445.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 30

Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate A. Synthesis of 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4A, and making noncritical variations using isatin to replace 4-chloroisatin, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace bromodiphenylmethane, 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (47%) as a thick red oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60-7.54 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.17 (m, 1H), 3.92-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.69 (m, 2H), 2.13-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.85 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.65 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 183.5, 158.8, 151.8, 138.5, 125.3, 123.8, 117.7, 111.7, 68.4, 44.7, 29.3, 25.8; MS (ES+) m/z 232.1 (M + 1). 162 B. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin- 6- yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 13A, and making noncritical variations using 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-7-ol to replace chroman-7-ol, and 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- 1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (91%) as a pale grey solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 8.94 (s, 0.4H), 8.80 (s, 0.6H), 7.52-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.08 (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.51 (s, 0.4H), 4.44 (s, 0.6H), 4.29-4.17 (m, 3H), 3.90-3.64 (m, 4H), 3.17-2.99 (m, 2H), 2.58 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.78 (m, 3H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (diastereomers) (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.4, 179.2, 149.4, 149.3, 146.2, 143.2, 143.0, 130.2, 130.1, 129.8, 129.6, 125.9, 125.7, 123.6, 123.5, 117.6, 112.7, 112.4, 110.4, 110.3, 107.4, 79.3, 79.2, 76.9, 76.7, 68.3, 68.2, 65.3, 49.5, 44.7, 44.6, 39.5, 29.3, 29.1, 25.7, 25.6; MS (ES+) m/z 419.1 (M + 23). C. Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1- [(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 12B, and making noncritical variations using 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate was obtained (93%) as a pink solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) (diastereomers) δ 9.07 (br s, 1H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.63, 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.24, 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.71, 4.68 (s, 1H), 4.32-4.11 (m, 3H), 3.85-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.14 (m, 2H), 2.79, 2.75 (s, 3H), 1.98-1.61 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 381.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 31

Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin- 7- yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 14A, and making non- 163 critical variations using 4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-benzo[b][1,4]oxazin-6-ol (McMurtrey, K.D., et al., J. Org. Chem. (1970), 35(12):4252-3) to replace chroman-7-ol, and 1- [(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1- (diphenylmethyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H- 1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (92%) as a pale brown solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 9.21 (d, J = 13.6 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.25-4.06 (m, 3H), 3.87-3.63 (m, 4H), 3.27-3.17 (m, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.02-1.74 (m, 3H), 1.71-1.57 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) N 179.8, 179.7, 151.54, 151.52, 143.1, 143.0, 138.0, 137.4, 130.12, 130.10, 129.32, 129.29, 126.1, 126.0, 123.8, 114.8, 114.6, 113.1, 113.0, 110.4, 110.3, 103.5, 79.11, 79.06, 76.9, 76.7, 68.32, 68.26, 64.6, 48.9, 44.6, 38.5, 29.3, 29.1, 25.7, 25.6; MS (ES+) m/z 418.9 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1- [(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of triethylsilane (1.3 mL, 8.2 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (8 mL) was added dropwise a solution of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.04 g, 2.62 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL). The resulting solution was warmed to reflux and stirred under nitrogen for 90 min. Once cooled, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to afford 3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate as a light brown foam: MS (ES+) m/z 381.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 32

Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)- tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 6A, and making noncritical variations using 4H-benzo[d][1,3]dioxin-7-ol to replace 3,4-dimethylphenol, and (R)-1-((tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 366.2 (M - 17). 164 B. Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 9B, and making noncritical variations using 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (84%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 368.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 33

Synthesis of (S)-2-(benzyloxymethoxy)propyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate

To a stirred solution of (2S)-2-[(benzyloxy)methoxy]propan-1-ol (Banfi, L., et al., J. Org. Chem. (1984), 49:3784-90) (11.40 g, 0.058 mol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) and pyridine (20 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride ( 11.0 g, 0.057 mol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h, diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with water, 5% hydrochloric acid solution, water and brine; dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo.

The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford (S)-2- (benzyloxymethoxy)propyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (17.10 g, 84%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) JD 7.77 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.36-7.25 (m, 7H), 4.71 (s, 2H), 4.59-4.48 (m, 2H), 4.02-3.93 (m, 3H), 2.41 (s, 3H), 1.19-1.11 (m, 3H). PREPARATION 34

Synthesis of 2-(bromomethyl)-7-fluorobenzofuran A. Synthesis of ethyl 7-fluorobenzofuran-2-carboxylate A mixture of 3-fluoro-2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (5.00 g, 35.7 mmol), potassium carbonate (9.85 g, 71.4 mmol), and ethyl bromoacetate (4.30 ml, 39.3 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (70 mL) was heated at 100 °C for 16 h. The mixture was diluted with water (500 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate, 49/1 —&gt;9/1) to afford ethyl 7-fluorobenzofuran-2-carboxylate (3.86 g, 52%) as a yellowish oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 7.56-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.14 (m, 2H), 4.46 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 1.43 (t, J = 7.1 165

Hz, 3H). B. Synthesis of (7-fluorobenzofuran-2-yl)methanol

To a stirred solution of ethyl 7-fluorobenzofuran-2-carboxylate (3.70 g, 17.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (70 mL) was added lithium aluminum hydride (6.7 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 13.3 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h and solid sodium sulfate decahydrate (15.0 g) was added slowly in portions. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min and at ambient temperature for 30 min. The solid was filtered off and washed with ethyl acetate (3 x 150 mL). The combined filtrate was washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate, 7/1^4/1) to afford (7-fluorobenzofuran-2-yl)methanol (2.4 g, 81%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.69 (m, 1H), 4.82-4.78 (m, 2H), 2.07-2.01 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 167.1 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 2-(bromomethyl)-7-fluorobenzofuran A mixture of (7-fluorobenzofuran-2-yl)methanol (1.38 g, 8.31 mmol), tetrabromomethane (4.41 g, 13.3 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (2.61 g, 9.97 mmol) in dichloromethane (42 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate, 49/1) to afford 2-(bromomethyl)-7-fluorobenzofuran (1.85 g, 97%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.77 (m, 1H), 4.60 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 35

Synthesis of (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate To a cooled (0 °C) solution of (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methanol (Kim, H.Y., et al.,

Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2005), 15:3207-11) (2.02 g, 17.1 mmol) and pyridine (14 mL, 173 mmol) in dichloromethane (11 mL) was added p-toluenesulfonyl chloride (3.85 g, 20.2 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 0 °C for 20 min and at ambient temperature for an additional 15.5 h. The solution was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL) and was washed sequentially with hydrochloric acid (100 mL, 2 M), water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (2:1 to 3:2) to afford (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (3.40 g, 73%) as a colorless solid: mp 53-54 °C 166 (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.79 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 4.02 (dd, J = 10.8, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.95 (dd, J = 10.5, 4.5 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.50 (m, 6H), 3.35 (dd, J = 11.6, 9.8 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 295.0 (M + 23). PREPARATION 36

Synthesis of (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 35, and making non critical variations using (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methanol (Kim, H.Y., et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2005), 15:3207-11) to replace (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methanol, (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate was obtained (79%) as a colorless solid: mp 53-55 °C (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.78 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 4.01 (dd, J = 10.5, 5.4 Hz, 1H), 3.94 (dd, J = 10.4, 4.7 Hz, 1H), 3.82-3.50 (m, 6H), 3.34 (dd, J = 11.2, 10.1 Hz, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 145.2, 132.7, 130.0, 128.1, 72.4, 68.8, 67.8, 66.5, 66.4, 21.8; MS (ES+) m/z 294.9 (M + 23). PREPARATION 37

Synthesis of 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5- yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of sesamol (7.32 g, 53.1 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) were added a solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride (2.0 M in tetrahydrofuran, 30.1 mL, 60.2 mmol) at 0 °C under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, followed by the addition of 7-bromo isatin (8.0 g, 35.4 mmol). The suspended mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with a saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (300 mL) and ethyl acetate (250 mL), and the phases were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), and the combined organic solution was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude solid was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried under the reduced pressure to afford 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one_(9.8 g, 77%) as a light yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.64 (s, 1H), 9.18 (s, 1H), 7.33 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (s, 1H), 6.84-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.92 (dd, J = 6.1, 0.8 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 363.8 167 (M + 1), 365.8 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol- 2-one

To a solution of 7-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (9.50 g, 27.3 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (24 mL) at 0 °C was added triethyl silane (6.12 g, 52.8 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The reaction was quenched by the addition of hexanes and diethyl ether mixture (2:1, 300 mL). The precipitate was filtered, washed with hexanes and ether mixture (100 mL). The solid was dried under reduced pressure to afford 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (8.40 g, 93%) as an off-white powder: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.67 (s, 1H), 9.26 (s, 1H), 7.337.31 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.78 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.91 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 347.9 (M + 1), 349.9 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a mixture of 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (8.40 g, 24.1 mmol), para-formaldehyde (2.88 g, 96.0 mmol) and water (80 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (3.84 g, 96.0 mmol) at 0 °C. The dark green solution was stirred at 0 °C for 4 h. The mixture was acidified with 3 N hydrochloride to pH 4 and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined ethyl acetate solution was washed with 25% ammonium chloride solution (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was treated with toluene (300 mL) to give an off white precipitate. The precipitate was filtered and dried under reduced pressure to give 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.80 g, 53%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.48 (s, 1H), 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.87-6.74 (m, 2H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 2H), 5.03 (br, 1H), 4.12 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H); MS (ES-) m/z 376 (M - 1), 378 (M - 1). PREPARATION 38

Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-[(5-chlorothiphen-2-yl)methyl] 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 168 A. Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-[(5-chlorothiophen-2- yl)methyl]-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a pale yellow solution of 4-(benzyloxy)phenol (9.01 g, 45.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100.0 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (26.3 mL, 52.5 mmol, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred for 0.5 h followed by the addition of 1-((5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl)indoline- 2,3-dione (8.31 g, 30.0 mmol) in portions. The reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. The reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated ammonium chloride solution (50.0 mL) and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with saturated ammonium chloride solution (2 x 25.0 mL), brine (2 x 25 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate to afford 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyll-1-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyll-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.90 g, 28%) as a colourless solid: mp 174-175 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.45 (br, 1H), 7.40-7.27 (m, 7H), 7.14 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.3, 152.6, 149.790, 141.7, 136.8, 135.8, 130.4, 130.1, 129.1, 128.6, 127.9, 127.6, 126.3, 126.2, 126.0, 125.9, 124.3, 120.2, 116.3, 114.4, 109.6, 79.1, 70.6, 39.2; MS (ES+) m/z 478.2 (M - 1), 476.2 (M - 1). B. Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-[(5-chlorothiophen-2- yl)methyl] -1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyll-1-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyll-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.90 g, 10.3 mmol) in dichloromethane (100.0 mL) were added trifluoroacetic acid (12.9 g, 113.2 mmol) and triethylsilane (13.2 g, 113.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h, then concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The gummy residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (100.0 mL), washed with water (3 x 100.0 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried to afford 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyll-1-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyll -1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.90 g, 61%) as a colourless solid: mp 173-175 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.11 (s, 1H), 7.3-7.27 (m, 5H), 7.18 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 169 7.06 (dd, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.97-6.86 (m, 3H), 6.79-6.68 (m, 3H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.91 (s, 2H), 4.84 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.9, 151.5, 149.7, 142.8, 138.8, 137.8, 130.2, 128.8, 128.2, 128.1, 128.1, 128.0, 127.4, 126.8, 125.2, 124.2, 122.7, 117.6, 117.6, 116.3, 114.9, 109.1, 70.2, 48.1, 38.6; MS (ES+) m/z 464.3 (M + 1), 462.3 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl1-1-[(5-chlorothiphen-2-yl)methyl1 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a mixture of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl1-1-[(5-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl1 -1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.80 g, 6.07 mmol), para-formaldehyde (0.73 g, 24.3 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10.0 mL) was added an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (0.97 g, 24.3 mmol) in water (10.0 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction solution was stirred for 2 h, then quenched by the addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution (30.0 mL). The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 50 mL), brine (50.0 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether, filtered and dried to afford 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl1-1-[(5-chlorothiphen-2-yl)methyl1 3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.71 g, 91%) as a colourless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 494.2 (M + 1), 492.3 (M + 1). PREPARATION 39

Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl1-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl1-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-(benzyloxy)phenol (8.7 g, 43.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (22.7 mL, 2 M tetrahydrofuran solution, 45.4 mmol) slowly at 0 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir for 30 min at 0 °C, and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. Dichloromethane (100 mL) was added, followed by the addition of a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (12.4 g, 39.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16 h, and quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The organic layer was washed with water, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The obtained solid was recrystallized 170 from ethyl acetate/hexanes to afford 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1- (diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (19.60 g, 97%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.49-7.43 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.25 (m, 13H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.72-6.62 (m, 2H), 6.51-6.44 (m, 1H), 6.39 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 536.3 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one A mixture of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.0 g, 19.5 mmol), triethylsilane (15.6 mL, 97.5 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (15.0 mL, 195 mmol) was mixed and stirred for 20 min at 0 °C. The mixture was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether to afford 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.40 g, 76%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44-7.25 (m, 14H), 7.23-7.17 (m 2H), 7.11-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 1H), 6.55-6.49 (m, 1H), 6.46 (dd, J = 8.6, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 5.09 (s, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 498.3 (M + 1). PREPARATION 40

Synthesis of N'-hydroxy-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide

To a stirred solution of 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzonitrile (1.30 g, 32.9 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (10 mL) was added 50% wt solution of hydroxylamine in water (2 mL). The reaction was heated with stirring at 80 °C for 1 h, then cooled to ambient temperature and the product was precipitated by adding distilled water (25 mL). The solid was filtered and air dried to afford N'-hydroxy-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide (1.32 g, 93%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.17 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.03 (m, 13H), 6.99-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.796.74 (m, 2H), 6.58-6.50 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 428.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 41

Synthesis of 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]ethanimidamide A stirred solution of 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-hydroxyacetimidamide (0.40 g, 1.0 mmol), diisopropylamine (0.16 171 g, 1.6 mmol) and cyclopropane carbonyl chloride (0.16 g, 1.6 mmol) in

dichloromethane (20 mL) was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature. The colorless solid that precipitated from the solution was filtered, washed with water (5 mL) and diethyl ether (5 mL) to afford 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]ethanimidamide as a colorless solid (0.25 g,53 %): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 7.31 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.64 (br s, 2H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.43 (ABq, 2H), 1.75-1.67 (m, 1H), 0.86-0.73 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 176.9, 171.9, 156.5, 153.6, 148.9, 144.8, 141.9, 130.8, 130.0, 128.6, 117.4, 108.8, 104.4, 101.8, 104.5, 101.8, 104.4, 101.8, 93.0, 77.5, 58.4, 11.7, 8.45, 8.42; MS (ES+) m/z 456.1 (M + 1), 478.1 (M + 23). PREPARATION 42

Synthesis of N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethanimidamide

To a mixture of 2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile (2.00 g, 6.25 mmol) in ethanol (40 mL) and dimethyl sulfoxide (5 mL) was added hydroxylamine (25.0 g, 1.6 mL, 50% wt solution in water). The reaction solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h to form a colourless precipitate.

The solid was filtered. The residue was washed with water (3 x 20 mL) and dried to afford N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethanimidamide (1.88 g, 85%) as a colourless solid: mp 235-238 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 9.20 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 8.6, 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 5.49 (s, 2H), 4.70 (ABq, 2H), 4.29 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 177.1, 155.7, 148.7, 147.9, 143.0, 142.1, 132.3, 129.1, 123.7, 123.3, 120.5, 110.0, 103.9, 101.8, 93.6, 80.2, 57.8, 40.3; MS (ES+) m/z 354.18 (M + 1), 337.2 (M - 17). PREPARATION 43

Synthesis of 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzonitrile

To a solution of 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.97 g, 3.46 mmol) in 2-butanone (25 mL) were added cesium carbonate (3.39 g, 10.39 mmol) and α-bromo-m-tolunitrile (0.85 g, 4.33 mmol). The mixture was heated to reflux for 2 h, cooled to ambient temperature, and filtered. The solid was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated /n vacuo, the residue was purified by 172 column chromatography with ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:5 - 1:1), followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate and diethyl ether to afford 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1benzonitrile (1.26 g, 92%) as a colorless solid: mp 187-193 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.61-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.43 6.41 (m, 2H), 5.11-4.70 (m, 4H), 4.53 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 162.0, 161.4, 141.5, 137.5, 132.6, 131.9, 131.6, 130.7, 129.9, 128.9, 124.3, 123.9, 120.2, 119.9, 118.7, 118.4, 113.1, 108.8, 93.4, 80.5, 72.5, 57.7, 43.4, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 394.8 (M + 1). PREPARATION 44

Synthesis of N'-hydroxy-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1benzenecarboximidamide

To a solution of 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1benzonitrile (1.15 g, 2.92 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (20 mL) was added hydroxylamine (50% wt in H2O, 2 mL, 32.67 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 80 °C for 3 h, cooled to ambient temperature. The precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with water and diethyl ether and dried in vacuo to afford N'-hydroxy-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H) yl)methyl1 benzenecarboximidamide (0.85 g, 68%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.61 (m, 1H), 7.96 (m, 1H), 7.51 (m, 1H), 7.38 (m, 2H), 7.16 (m, 2H), 7.01 (m, 1H), 6.75 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.09 (d, 1H, J = 15.7 Hz), 4.98 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.83 (m, 3H), 4.70 (d, 1H, J = 9.0 Hz), 4.49 (t, 2H, J = 8.6 Hz), 2.96 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 427.8 (M + 1). PREPARATION 45

Synthesis of 6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl1oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one To a solution of 6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (3.0 g, 11.8 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) under nitrogen were added imidazole (1.97 g, 28.9 mmol) and triisopropylsilyl chloride (6.03 mL, 28.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was extracted twice with ethyl acetate (50 mL), the combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, and the filtrate was concentrated and purified by flash chromatography with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes to give 6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl1oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (2.68 g, 69% yield) as colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.48-8.08 (br, 173 1H), 7.29-6.90 (m, 4H), 6.10 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 2.1Hz, 1H), 6.35 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 1.34-0.98 (m, 21H). PREPARATION 46

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.46 g, 6.0 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen was added sodium hydride (0.24 g, 6.0 mmol). The above mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 20 min, then (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4- methylbenzenesulfonate (1.69 g, 6.6 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min, then heated to 60 °C for 5 h. The reaction was quenched with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride (10 mL), poured into water (15 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 40 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with water (2 χ 50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.70 g, 58%) as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.14-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.53 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.34-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.66 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.34-0.98 (m, 21H); MS (ES+) m/z 494.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 47

Synthesis of 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one A. Synthesis of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3,4-difluorophenol (10.33 g, 79.4 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) at 0 °C under nitrogen was added isopropyl magnesium chloride (39.7 mL, 79.4 mmol), and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. Tetrahydrofuran was removed by rotary evaporation, and the residue was redissolved in anhydrous dichloromethane (140 mL). The solution was cooled to 0 °C under nitrogen, then N-benzhydryl isatin (13.77 g, 43.9 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature. After 3 days, the reaction was quenched with aqueous saturated ammonium chloride (60 mL) and 174 concentrated in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in ethyl acetate (150 mL) and washed with water (2 χ 100 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was precipitated from diethyl ether to yield 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (12.08 g, 61%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.23 (br s, 1H), 7.477.44 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.21 (m, 9H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 11.2, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J = 11.2, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.56-6.51 (m, 1H), 4.13 (br s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 426.2 (M -17). B. Synthesis of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (11.72 g, 26.4 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (60 mL) under nitrogen was added triethylsilane (10.55 mL, 66.0 mmol), and the reaction mixture was stirred for 16 h. Following concentration in vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography (30% ethyl acetate in hexanes). Precipitation from diethyl ether/hexanes followed by filtration yielded 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.29 g, 56%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.27 (br s, 1H), 7.37-7.12 (m, 12H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 11.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J = 11.2, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.58-6.56 (m, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 428.2 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.30 g, 14.7 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) under argon was added cesium carbonate (14.4 g, 44.2 mmol), followed by the addition of chloroiodomethane (3.21 mL, 44.2 mmol) dropwise. After 20 h, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and re-dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL) and water (50 mL). The aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (6 χ 50 mL). Some product was filtered off as a colorless precipitate. The combined organic solution was washed with water (2 χ 150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. Precipitation from diethyl ether/hexanes afforded 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (4.51 g, 70%) as a colorless solid: mp 213-216 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.26 (m, 10H), 7.15-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.08-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.78 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J = 8.4 175

Hz, 1H), 6.44 (dd, J = 9.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 156.6 (d, J = 11.0 Hz), 151.2 (dd, JC-F = 248.2, 14.5 Hz), 145.6 (dd, JC-F = 241.5, 13.85 Hz), 141.7, 137.4, 137.1, 131.5, 128.8, 128.8, 128.7, 128.3, 128.3, 128.1, 128.0, 124.2 (dd, J = 6.4, 3.3 Hz), 123.8, 123.3, 112.4, 111.5 (dd, J = 20.4, 1.6 Hz), 100.1 (d, J= 22.4), 80.8, 58.9, 57.5; MS (ES+) m/z 440.2 (M + 1), 462.2 (M + 23). D. Synthesis of 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (6.06 g, 13.8 mmol) in methanol (100 mL), ethyl acetate (25 mL) and acetic acid (1 mL) under argon in a steel bomb was added palladium (20% on activated carbon, nominally 50% H2O, 2.0 g, 3.76 mmol). The bomb was put under hydrogen (50 psi) and heated at 65 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through celite and washed with ethyl acetate (15 mL) and methanol (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated and the residue was precipitated from methanol. Filtration afforded 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.63 g, 96%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 200 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J = 9.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.7, 156.70 (d, J = 10.9), 151.3 (dd, JC-F = 248.7, 14.3 Hz), 145.7 (dd, JC-F = 241.6, 13.8 Hz), 140.3, 131.6, 129.4, 124.0, 123.7, 123.4 (dd, J = 6.3, 3.1 Hz), 111.9 (d, J = 20.4 Hz), 110.7, 100.1 (d, J = 22.4 Hz), 80.7, 58.4; MS (ES+) m/z 274.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 48

Synthesis of N'-hydroxy-3-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)propanimidamide

To a stirred solution of 3-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)propanenitrile (2.00 g, 6.0 mmol) in dimethyl sulfoxide (15.0 mL) was added hydroxylamine (50% wt solution in water, 1.6 mL, 24 mmol). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then the product was precipitated upon addition of water/ethanol (3:1, 100 mL). The solvent was decanted and the remaining solid was triturated in distilled water (75 mL). The solid was filtered and air-dried to afford N'-hydroxy-3-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)propanimidamide as a colorless solid (2.00 g, 91%): MS (ES+) m/z 368.2 (M + 1). 176 PREPARATION 49

Synthesis of 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- indol-2-one

To a solution of 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol (4.86 g, 22.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added dropwise a solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride (49.6 mmol, 24.8 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran) over 10 min at 0 oC. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min upon which time 4-chloroisatin (4.00 g, 22.0 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h and quenched by the addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid (25.0 mL) and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 30.0 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with hot diethyl ether to afford 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.70 g, 95%) as a beige solid: mp 250-253 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.30, (s, 1H), 9.04 (s, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.12 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.88 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.1, 148.6, 147.0, 145.6, 139.6, 130.6, 130.1, 129.6, 122.3, 118.6, 108.9, 108.4, 101.1, 97.4, 75.8; MS (ES-) m/z 304.2 (M -17), 302.2 (M -17). PREPARATION 50

Synthesis of 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one To a solution of 4-chloro-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.00 g, 18.8 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (70.0 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (30.7 g, 269 mmol) and triethylsilane (18.0 mL, 13.1 g, 113 mmol) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (100.0 mL) and the solid was filtered. The solid was triturated with diethyl ether to afford 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.71 g, 83%) as a colourless solid: mp 210-225 °C (dec.); MS (ES+) m/z 304.1 (M + 1), 302.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 51

Synthesis of 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a suspension of 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- 177 indol-2-one (4.5 g, 14.9 mmol), para-formaldehyde (1.78 g, 59.4 mmol) in water (50.0 mL) was added the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2.38 g, 59.4 mmol) in water (10.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 2 h and quenched with 10% hydrochloric acid (50.0 mL). The precipitate was filtered and washed with water (100.0 mL). The filtrate was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50.0 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate and diethyl ether to afford 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3- bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.91 g, 72%) as a colourless solid: mp &gt; 210 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 9.04 (s, 1H), 7.17 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (s, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.87 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 2H), 5.03 (q, J = 10.8 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (br, 1H), 4.64 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 177.9, 150.3, 146.9, 146.8, 139.9, 129.1, 129.0, 128.6, 122.7, 116.0, 108.8, 107.6, 101.2, 97.7, 63.6, 63.3, 56.6; MS (ES+) m/z 364.2 (M + 1), 346.2 (M -17). PREPARATION 52

Synthesis of 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one To a solution of 4-chloro-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1,3- bis(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.63 g, 10.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (100.0 mL) was added tributylphosphine (2.53 g, 12.5 mmol) at 0 °C followed by the solution of di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (2.88 g, 12.5 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (25.0 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h followed by the additon of ammonium hydroxide (100.0 mL). The reaction mixtuture was continued to stir for another 2 h. The reaction was quenched with 10% aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid (100.0 mL). The reaction solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100.0 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.98 g, 31%) as a colourless solid: mp 175-185 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 10.81 (s, 1H), 7.24 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.90 (d, J = 2.5 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, J = 9.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 178.4, 157.0, 148.8, 144.2, 141.9, 130.9, 130.3, 129.2, 123.0, 117.5, 109.4, 103.3, 101.9, 93.3, 77.8, 58.9; MS (ES+) m/z 318.3 (M + 1), 316.3 (M + 1). 178 PREPARATION 53

Synthesis of 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)- N'-hydroxyethanimidamide

To a solution of 4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile (1.81 g, 5.10 mmol) in ethanol (25.0 mL) and dimethylsulfoxide (3.0 mL) was added hydroxylamine (0.67 g, 20.4 mL) at ambient temperature. The yellow reaction solution was stirred for 2 h upon which time yellow precipitate formed. The precipitate was filtered, washed with water (100.0 mL) and dried under vacuum to afford 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-hydroxyethanimidamide (1.54 g, 78%) as a fluffy yellow solid: mp 180-185 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) J 9.20 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.60 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H), 5.54 (br, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, J = 9.6 Hz, 2H), 3.68 (s, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) J 176.8, 156.6, 148.9, 147.7, 145.1, 141.9, 130.8, 129.9, 128.5, 123.5, 117.5, 109.1, 103.7, 101.9, 93.2, 77.5, 58.4, 40.9; MS (ES+) m/z 388.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 54

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one A mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.37 g, 4.89 mmol), 5-(chloromethyl)-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one (1.34 g, 5.38 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.39 g, 7.34 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (8.0 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 11 h and filtered. The solid was washed with ethyl acetate and the filtrate was washed with water (3 x 15 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 1'-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.56 g, 25%): mp 195-202 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.04 (m, 3H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.84 (s, 2H), 5.27 (br, 1H), 5.02-4.96 (m, 1H), 4.91-4.87 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.14-3.96 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.68 (m, 1H), 3.55-3.44 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) J 178.9, 158.5, 155.9, 149.0, 142.4, 142.2, 131.7, 129.4, 124.0, 123.9, 119.2, 109.6, 102.8, 101.6, 93.7, 80.3, 74.9, 58.1, 43.5, 43.1; MS (ES+) m/z 403.2 (M + 23), 381.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 55

Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 179 A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol (9.63 g, 69.7 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added dropwise a solution of isopropyl magnesium chloride (92.9 mmol, 46.5 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran) over 30 min at 0 oC. 7-Trifluoromethylisatin (4.00 g, 22.0 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 4 h and the reaction was quenched by the addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid (25.0 mL) and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 30.0 mL), brine (3 x 30.0 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with hot diethyl ether to afford 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (13.6 g, 83%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 9.21 (s, 1H), 7.38 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.22 (s, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.2, 148.6, 147.3, 141.0, 139.9, 135.7, 127.9, 125.3, 124.3, 121.7, 119.8, 110.1, 107.2, 101.2, 97.7, 73.9; MS (ES-) m/z 352.2 (M - 1). B. Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.06 g, 20.0 mmol) in anhydrous trifluoroacetic acid (21.0 mL, 9.12 g, 80 mmol) was added triethylsilane (12.8 mL, 9.30 g, 80.0 mmol) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 0.5 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with water (50.0 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 150 mL). The organic solution was washed with saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 75 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether to afford 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.94 g, 88%) as colourless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.81 (s, 1H), 9.25 (br, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 4.65 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.7, 150.5, 147.4, 140.5, 140.1, 133.3, 127.8, 124.3, 124.2, 121.6, 115.5, 110.8, 110.3, 101.3, 98.2, 48.1; MS (ES+) m/z 338.3 (M + 1). 180 C. Synthesis of 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7- (trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a suspension of 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.64 g, 16.7 mmol), para-formaldehyde (1.78 g, 59.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20.0 mL) and water (50.0 mL) was added the aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide (2.68 g, 66.9 mmol) in water (30.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and quenched with 10% hydrochloric acid (50.0 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50.0 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.56 g, 73%) as a fluffy solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.63 (s, 1H), 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (s, 1H), 6.94 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.88 (s, 2H), 5.03 (br, 1H), 3.97 (ABq, J = 9.9 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 180.5, 150.3, 146.8, 141.5, 140.0, 136.0, 127.5, 123.8, 121.0, 117.7, 109.7, 108.4, 101.2, 97.9, 60.2, 55.2; MS (ES+) m/z 390.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 56

Synthesis of 7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.10 g, 11.7 mmol) in ethyl acetate (100.0 mL) was added tributylphosphine (3.4 mL, 2.83 g, 13.9 mmol) at 0 °C followed by the solution of di-ferf-butyl azodicarboxylate (3.22 g, 13.9 mmol) in ethyl acetate (50.0 mL). The reaction solution was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min followed by the additon of 10% hydrochloric acid (50.0 mL). The reaction solution was washed with 10% hydrochloric acid (2 x 50.0 mL), saturated ammonium chloride (3 x 50 mL) and brine (3 x 50 mL). The organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography to afford 7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (3.59 g, 88%): mp 245-248 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.02 (s, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.90 (d, J = 3.1 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.4, 156.0, 148.9, 139.7, 134.9, 128.3, 125.8, 125.7 (m),

122.9, 119.7, 112.0, 111.4 (m), 103.6, 101.9, 93.7, 80.4, 57.5; MS (ES+) m/z 350.3 (M 181 + 1). PREPARATION 57

Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate

To a mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.96 g, 3.41 mmol) in 2-butanone (17 mL) and acetone (17 mL) were added cesium carbonate (3.79 g, 11.6 mmol) and N-Boc-3-(2-bromoethyl)piperidine (1.00 g, 3.42 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and washed with acetone (2 x 50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 30% gradient) to give tert-butyl 3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.48 g, 88%) as a white powder: mp 64-67 oC (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.30 (dt, J = 7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (dt, J = 7.5, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.10 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.86 (dd, J = 6.0, 1.0 Hz, 2H), 4.90 (dd, J = 9.0, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J = 9.0, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 3.90-3.69 (m, 4H), 2.97-2.86 (m, 1H), 2.77-2.68 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.761.16 (m, 15H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.8, 154.8, 148.8, 142.3, 142.2, 142.1, 132.4 (2), 128.9, 124.0, 123.2, 119.4 (2), 108.5, 102.9, 101.4, 93.6, 80.4, 79.4, 58.1, 38.2, 33.5, 30.7, 30.7, 30.6, 30.5, 28.4, 24.3; MS (ES+) m/z 515.4 (M + 23). PREPARATION 58

Synthesis of 3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethyl]piperidine

To a solution of tert-butyl 3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (1.48 g, 3.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (4 mL) at 0 oC. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was diluted in dichloromethane (100 mL) and washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate solution (2 x 30 mL), water (30 mL), and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness to give 3-[2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethyl]piperidine (0.72 g, 60%): MS (ES+) m/z 393.4 (M + 1). 182 PREPARATION 59

Synthesis of ethyl 5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylate

To a solution of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (4.26 g, 15.10 mmol) in 2-butanone (120 mL) was added cesium carbonate (14.76 g, 45.30 mmol) and ethyl 5-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylate (Lyalin, V.V.; et al., Zhurnal Organicheskoi Khimii (1984), 20(4):846) (4.80 g, 15.90 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at 60 °C to70 °C for 18 h, cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The solid was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated /n vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate and hexanes to afford ethyl 5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylate (4.65 g, 61%): mp 162-164 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) S 7.23-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.86-5.85 (m, 2H), 5.05-4.87 (m, 3H), 4.68-4.64 (m,

1H), 4.31 (q, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 1.32 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) S 177.2, 160.4, 155.9, 150.6, 149.1, 143.5, 142.5, 141.1, 132.0, 129.1, 124.2, 124.0, 120.7, 120.0,119.0, 116.4, 111.1, 108.7, 103.0, 101.6, 93.7, 80.4, 61.7, 58.2, 36.7, 13.9; MS (ES+) m/z 502.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 60

Synthesis of 5-((2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)methyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid

To a solution of ethyl 5-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylate (1.30 g, 2.59 mmol) in ethanol (8 mL) and water (1.7 mL) was added sodium hydroxide (0.12 g, 3.00 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 45 min, concentrated /n vacuo to remove ethanol. To the residue was added water (15 mL) and the mixture was acidified to pH~3 by 10% hydrochloric acid at 0 °C. The resulting mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated /n vacuo to give 5-((2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)methyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-carboxylic acid (1.03 g, 84%): mp 195-197 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 7.13-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.90-5.88 (m, 2H), 5.11-4.96 (m, 2H), 4.80-4.66 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) S 177.0, 161.9, 155.8, 152.3, 148.9, 142.2, 141.9, 141.5, 132.1, 129.3, 124.1, 123.8, 122.2, 120.6, 120.1, 117.0, 111.8, 109.7, 103.1, 101.9, 93.8, 80.1, 183 57.9, 36.7; MS (ES-) m/z 472.0 (M - 1). PREPARATION 61

Synthesis of 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1- 2'(1'H)-one A suspended mixture of 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (1.12 g, 4.0 mmol), 4-bromobenzyl bromide (1.00 g, 4.0 mmol) and cesium carbonate (6.50 g, 20.0 mmol) in butanone (20 mL) was refluxed for 3 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The solid was washed with acetone (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 20% to 80% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (1.60 g, 89%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.49-6.98 (m, 7H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.08-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.9, 161.9, 161.3, 141.8, 134.8, 132.7, 132.0, 129.2, 128.7, 124.0, 123.6, 121.7, 120.0, 120.0, 118.8, 109.0, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 43.6, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 448.1 (M + 1), 450.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 62

Synthesis of methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate A suspended mixture of 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (1.00 g, 3.3 mmol), methyl 2-(chloromethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (2.00 g, 11.4 mmol) and cesium carbonate (4.00 g, 12.3 mmol) in butanone (50 mL) was refluxed for 5 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and filtered. The solid was washed with acetone (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 30% to 70% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate (0.88 g, 61%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.27-6.91 (m, 4H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.12 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.6, 161.9, 161.2, 161.2, 159.2, 145.0, 141.0, 133.6, 132.5, 129.0, 124.1, 120.1, 119.9, 199.1, 108.8, 93.2, 80.5, 72.4, 57.7, 52.3, 37.2, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 419.2 (M + 1). 184 PREPARATION 63

Synthesis of 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid A suspended mixture of methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate (0.88 g, 2.1 mmol) and sodium hydroxide (4.00 g, 10.0 mmol) in water (50 mL) and methanol (50 mL) was stirred at 60 oC for 2 h. The reactiom mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove most of methanol and acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid to pH 1-2. The solid residue was filtered off, washed with water (50 mL) and dried in vacuo to afford 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.64 g, 75%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.24 (s, 1H), 7.29-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 5.08 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.44 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.80 (m, 2H); MS (ES-) m/z 403.4 (M -1). PREPARATION 64

Synthesis of methyl 2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate A suspended mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.60 g, 5.70 mmol), methyl 2-(chloromethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate (1.00 g, 5.70 mmol) and cesium carbonate (3.71 g, 11.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was refluxed for 16 h. The reaction mixture was cold down to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was treated with water (20 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 20% to 30% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford methyl 2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate (2.19 g, 92%) as a colorless solid: mp 183-185 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.86 (s, 1H), 7.28 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.41 (S, 1H), 5.90 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 2H), 5.23-5.17 (m, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.2, 161.3, 160.2, 155.6, 148.8, 146.9, 142.3, 142.0, 132.8, 132.4, 129.4, 124.1, 123.9, 120.4, 109.7, 103.9, 101.9, 93.7, 80.0, 57.9, 52.3, 37.4; MS (ES+) m/z 421.2 (M + 1). 185 PREPARATION 65

Synthesis of 2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1- 1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid

To a solution of methyl 2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate (1.17 g, 2.79 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) was added a solution of sodium hydroxide (0.45 g, 11.1 mmol) in water (5 mL).

The mixture was stirred at reflux for 16 h. After cooling down to ambient temperature, the mixture was acidified with concentrated hydrochloric acid (2 mL). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo to remove most of tetrahydrofuran and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 25 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether and ethyl acetate to afford 2-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylic acid (0.65 g, 58%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.07 (br, 1H), 8.74 (s, 1H), 7.29 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 6.04 (s, 2H), 5.20-5.08 (m, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.1, 162.2, 159.9, 155.7, 148.8, 146.4, 142.2, 142.1, 133.8, 132.2, 129.4, 124.1, 123.9, 120.3, 109.7, 103.8, 101.9, 93.7, 80.0, 57.8, 31.2; MS (ES+) m/z 407.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 66

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b1furan-3,3'-indolin1-2'-one

To a stirred solution of 4'-bromo-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b1furan-3,3'-indolin1-2'-one (0.64 g, 1.8 mmol) in 2-butanone (25 mL) was added cesium carbonate (1.75 g, 5.3 mmol) followed by 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan (0.51 g, 2.2 mmol). The mixture was refluxed for 16 h, cooled to ambient temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate from 3:1 to 1:1) to afford 4'-bromo-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b1furan-3,3'-indolin1-2'-one (0.82 g, 90%) as a colorless solid: mp 165-167 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27-7.10 (m, 2H), 6.92 (td, J = 6.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.44-6.33 (m, 3H), 5.15-4.96 (m, 2H), 4.91-4.76 (m, 2H), 4.53 (dt, J = 8.6, 1.9 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 162.4, 162.2, 151.6, 143.4, 141.8 (q, J = 43.0 Hz), 130.2, 127.7, 120.0, 119.7, 118.8 (q, J = 267.1 Hz), 118.4, 117.0, 112.6, 109.5, 107.7, 92.9, 77.1, 72.4, 59.0, 37.0, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 505.8 (M + 1), 507.8 (M 186 + 1). PREPARATION 67

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3- hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3-fluoro-4-methoxyphenol (Niemann, M. B. J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1941), 63:609) (4.60 g, 32.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) at 5 oC was added a 2 M solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (18.0 mL, 36.0 mmol). Tetrahydrofuran was removed under reduced pressure and dichloromethane (60 mL) was added. To the solution was added a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (8.00 g, 25.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) at 5 oC and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution (5 mL). The reaction mixture was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography with 40% to 90% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.60 g, 57%) as a pink solid: MS (ES+) m/z 438.3 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (6.60 g, 14.5 mmol) in dichloroethane (100 mL) were added triethylamine (4.55 g, 45.0 mmol) and thionyl chloride (3.57 g, 30.0 mmol) at 0 oC. The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h. The reaction mixture was cooled down to ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) and acetic acid (10 mL) and zinc dust (6.54 g, 100.0 mmol) were added in small portions at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 20% to 80% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.10 g, 17%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 440.2 (M + 1). 187 C. Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indoll-2'(1'H)-one A suspended mixture of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(4-fluoro-2-hydroxy-5-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.10 g, 2.5 mmol), chloroiodomethane (0.70 g, 4.0 mmol) and cesium carbonate (2.60 g, 8.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 24 h. The reaction mixture was filtered. The solid was washed with acetone (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with a 20% to 70% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.49 g, 43%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 452.0 (M + 1). D. Synthesis of 6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one A suspended mixture of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.49 g, 1.09 mmol), triethylsilane (0.23 g, 2.0 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (0.57 g, 5.0 mmol) was refluxed under nitrogen for 5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature and concentrated under reduced pressure. The oily residue was sonicated with hexanes (10 mL) for 10 min and a solid product was filtered off to afford 6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.29 g, 92%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 9.28 (s, 1H), 7.37-6.91 (m, 4H), 6.74 (d, J = 11.0 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 180.0, 155.2, 154.9, 154.7, 151.9, 142.9, 142.7, 140.2, 132.1, 129.2, 124.1, 123.6, 122.7, 122.7, 110.4, 109.0, 108.9, 100.0, 99.7, 80.5, 58.8, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 285.8 (M + 1). PREPARATION 68

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 7-fluoro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26A and making noncritical variations using 7-fluoroisatin to replace 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione, and bromodiphenylmethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 7-fluoro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (80%): MS (ES+) m/z 353.7 (M + 23). 188 B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a cooled (0 °C) suspension of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ol (0.47 g, 3.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (12 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 1.7 mL, 3.3 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h, and 7-fluoro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (1.0 g, 3.0 mmol) and anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) were added. The reaction mixture was allowed to stir for 19 h at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and was diluted with saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL). The phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 χ 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 8% to 66% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.22 g, 84%) as an off-white solid : MS (ES+) m/z 475.0 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.27 g, 8.8 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (100 mL) at 0 °C was added triethylsilane (2.8 mL, 18 mmol) and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 66% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.5 g, 61%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 465.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 69

Synthesis of 4'-(bromoacetyl)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 4'-acetyl-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.15 g, 0.41 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added phenyltrimethylammonium tribromide (0.16 g, 0.41 mmol) and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h. Water (30 mL) was added and, after stirring for 5 min, the mixture was partitioned between brine 189 (30 mL) and ethyl acetate (30 mL). The aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 χ 20 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (20 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford a heavy yellow oil. The oil was dissolved in dichloromethane (4 mL) and diethyl ether (30 mL) was added, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with diethyl ether (10 mL), air-dried and dried under high vaccum to afford 4'-(bromoacetyl)-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.125 g, 70%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.93-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.22-4.02 (m, 6H), 3.28 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 429.4 (M + 1), 431.4 (M + 1). PREPARATION 70

Synthesis of ethyl 3-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)-3-oxopropanoate

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.11 g, 2.8 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) at ambient temperature was added diethyl carbonate (0.26 mL, 2.1 mmol) and the mixture was heated at reflux for 5 min. 4'-Acetyl-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol) was added in one portion and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and poured into water (75 mL). The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 10% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane, followed by recrystallization from dichloromethane/diethyl ether to afford ethyl 3-(1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-4'-yl)-3-oxopropanoate (0.235 g, 39%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.50-7.43 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 4.974.78 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.03 (m, 6H), 3.89 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H), 1.16 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 445.8 (M + 23). PREPARATION 71

Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 190 A. Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 2,2-difluoro-1,3-benzodioxol-5-ol (Jacobus et al., WO 2004/4048320) (1.15 g, 6.60 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran at 0 °C was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 3.3 mL, 6.6 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h and 1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione (1.95 g, 6.60 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 96 h. A saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (30 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 30 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2 χ 30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography eluted with a 0% to 35% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes afforded 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.54 g, 73%) as a pale orange solid: MS (ES+) 451.3 (M - 17). B. _Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.50 g, 5.32 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) at 0 °C was added triethylsilane (4.2 mL, 26 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (12 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred for 72 h and was concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 30% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes afforded 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.81 g, 75%) as a colorless amorphous solid: MS (ES+) m/z 454.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 72

Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1- (methoxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 71A and making noncritical variations using 1-(methoxymethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (Trost and Frederiksen, 191

Angew. Chem. Intl. Ed. Engl. 2005, 44(2):308-310) to replace 1-{[5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (48%) as a tan amorphous solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 9.20 (br s, 1H), 7.50-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 4.45 (br s, 1H), 5.15-5.04 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H). B._Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 71B and making noncritical variations using 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-(methoxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (85%) as a colorless amorphous solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 7.47-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.20 (m, 2H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 3.25 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 320.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 73

Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 1H-indole-2,3-dione (2.08 g, 14.1 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (40 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% dispersion in mineral oil, 1.18 g, 29.6 mmol) and the resultant purple suspension was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min. To the aforementioned suspension was added, via cannula over a period of 10 min, a solution of 2-(chloromethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (Li, J. WO 2006/34004 ) (3.27 g, 14.1 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for 2.5 h and poured into a cooled (0 °C), well-stirred mixture of brine (60 mL) and water (60 mL). The resultant orange suspension was sonicated for 5 min, allowed to warm to ambient temperature and filtered. The filter cake was washed with water (100 mL) and hexanes (100 mL), air-dried and dried under high vaccum to afford 1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione (3.21 g, 74%) as an orange solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 8.59 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 8.00 192 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (s, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 307.3 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure described in PREPARATION 71A and making noncritical variations using 1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (32%) as a tan amorphous solid: MS (ES+) m/z 481.2 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure described in PREPARATION 71B and making noncritical variations using 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)- 1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (91%) as a colorless amorphous solid: MS (ES+) m/z 465.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 74

Synthesis of 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one A. Synthesis of 6-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indole-7,8- dione

To a cooled (0 °C) solution of 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione (Lackey and Sternbach, Synthesis 1993:993-997) (1.73 g, 8.42 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (28 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 0.37 g, 9.26 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and bromodiphenylmethane (2.39 g, 9.69 mmol) was added. After stirring at ambient temperature for 16 h, further bromodiphenylmethane (0.42 g, 1.68 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 8 h and then diluted with water (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were 193 washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography, eluted with a 35% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 6-(diphenylmethyl)- 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione (0.7 g, 22%) as a red solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.28 (m, 10H), 7.16 (s, 1H), 6.94-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 4.27- 4.14 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 371.9 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1- benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 6-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one was obtained (94%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES-) m/z 506.1 (M - 1). C. Synthesis of 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one A mixture of 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one (0.78 g, 1.5 mmol), triethylsilane (1.2 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (1.2 mL) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and then at ambient temperature for 1 h. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo to afford crude 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one (100%): MS (ES+) m/z 492.1 (M +1). PREPARATION 75

Synthesis of 1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-f1quinolin-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-/1quinoline-1,2(3H)-dione

To a stirred solution of 1H-pyrrolo[3,2-f1quinoline-1,2(3H)-dione (Bramson, H. N. et al. J. Med. Chem. 2001, 44 (25):4339-4358) (0.15 g, 0.76 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 0.04 g, O. 98 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and 4-methoxybenzyl bromide (0.16 mL, 1.1 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and was diluted with water (100 mL) and 194 ethyl acetate (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (50 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated /n vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography eluted with a 50% to 65% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline-1,2(3H)-dione (0.20 g, 82%) as a red solid: MS (ES+) m/z 319.0 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 1-hydroxy-1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4- methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinoline-1,2(3H)-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 1-hydroxy-1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin- 2-one was obtained (58%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 455.0 (M + 1). D. Synthesis of 1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-flquinolin-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 74C and making noncritical variations using 1-hydroxy-1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-flquinolin-2-one to replace 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-hydroxy-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one, 1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-flquinolin-2-one was obtained (37%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 438.9 (M+1). PREPARATION 76

Synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yllbenzonitrile A. Synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3- dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile

To a stirred solution of 2,4-dihydroxybenzonitrile (4.33 g, 32.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) and 1,2-dichloroethane (400 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (17.7 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 35.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and at ambient temperature for 2 h, and 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (8.58 g, 32.1 mmol) was added to the 195 reaction mixture. The mixture was stirred at reflux for 18 h, cooled to 0 °C and 5% v/v hydrochloric acid was added. The organic layer was separated and washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/1) to afford 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile (10.30 g, 79%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.81 (s, 1H), 10.35 (s, 1H), 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.84 (m, 4H), 6.75-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 384.8 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol- 3-yl]benzonitrile

To a stirred suspension of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile (10.3 g, 25.5 mmol) and triethylsilane (12.3 mL, 77.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (100 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10.0 mL, 129 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in hexanes to afford 2,4-dihydroxy- 5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile (9.70 g, 98%): mp 162-163 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ 10.84 (s, 1H), 10.47 (s, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.28 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.13-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.78 (m, 5H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.72 (s, 1H), 4.92-4.73 (m, 3H), 3.69 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 386.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 77

Synthesis of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile A. Synthesis of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3- dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile

To a stirred solution of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzonitrile (8.00 g, 58.3 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (500 mL) and tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (29.2 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 58.4 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and at ambient temperature for 2 h. 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (15.0 g, 56.1 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 156 h. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C and 10% w/v hydrochloric acid was added. The phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. 196

The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/1) to afford 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl1benzonitrile (12.30 g, 54%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.05 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.76 (m, 7H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 3.72 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H- indol-3-yl1benzonitrile

To a stirred suspension of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[3-hydroxy-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl1benzonitrile (12.0 g, 29.7 mmol) in triethylsilane (14.2 mL, 88.9 mmol) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10.0 mL, 129 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 168 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to afford 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl1benzonitrile (10.5 g, 90%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.12 (m, 7H), 6.94 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 3H), 5.07 (s, 1H), 4.88 (ABq, 2H), 3.75 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 388.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 78

Synthesis of 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4- methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-ol (Lindemann, et al Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie 1927, 456:308) (3.10 g, 20.8 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (200 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (10.4 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 20.8 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and then at ambient temperature for 2 h. 1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (5.3 g, 19.8 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 120 h. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C and 5% w/v hydrochloric acid was added. The organic phase was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/1) to afford 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (0.87 g, 10%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.68 (s, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.37- 197 6.76 (m, 10H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H), 2.46 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 415.0 (M - 1). B. Synthesis of 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4- methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred suspension of 3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol- 6-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (0.84 g; 2.0 mmol) in triethylsilane (3.0 mL, 18.7 mmol) was added trifluoroacetic acid (15.0 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50 °C for 26 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to afford 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (0.74 g, 92%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-6.80 (m, 10H), 5.29 (s, 1H), 4.87 (ABq, 2H), 3.74 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 400.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 79

Synthesis of 4-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a stirred solution of 4-bromoisatin (90.4 g, 400 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (400 mL) was added cesium carbonate (196.0 g, 600 mol) at ambient temperature. The reaction mixture was stirred for 30 min, iodomethane (37.4 mL, 600 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The solid was removed by filtration, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was triturated in water and washed with diethyl ether to afford 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione (82.0 g, 85%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.95-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.68-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.49 (m, 1H), 3.50 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6- yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ol (36.0 g, 230 mmol) in dichloromethane (1000 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (120 mL, 2.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 240 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 1 h and 4-bromo-1-methyl-1H-indole-2,3-dione (48.0 g, 200 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 22 h and 5% w/v hydrochloric acid was added at 0 °C. The organic layer was separated, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated 198 in vacuo and the residue was triturated in methanol and washed with diethyl ether to afford 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (63.4 g, 80%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.80 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.03 (s, 1H), 4.17-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.08 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 373.8 (M - 17), 375.8 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 4-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of 4-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (61.0 g; 155 mmol) and triethylsilane (75.0 mL, 456 mmol) in dichloromethane (300 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (48 mL, 623 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in methanol and washed with diethyl ether to afford 4-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (57.0 g, 97%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δΐ 7.31-7.17 (m, 3H), 6.87-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 4.97 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.18 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 376.1 (M + 1), 378.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 80

Synthesis of methyl 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8-carboxylate A. Synthesis of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 79A, and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione to replace 4-bromoisatin, 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione was obtained (68%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.09 (s, 1H), 6.74 (s, 1H), 4.41-4.38 (m, 2H), 4.27-4.24 (m, 2H), 3.08 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ; MS (ES+) m/z 220.2 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 6-methyl-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

To a solution of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione (3.00 g, 13.7 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) was added hydrazine monohydrate (25 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at reflux for 4 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate/hexanes to afford 6-methyl-2,3,6,8- 199 tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one (2.46 g, 87%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.12 (m, 4H), 3.36 (s, 2H), 3.00 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 206.2 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3- flindol-7-one

To a stirred solution of 6-methyl-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one (1.03 g, 5.01 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.26 g, 6.5 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, 1-fluoro-2-nitrobenzene (0.70 mL, 6.6 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h, 10% w/v hydrochloric acid (10 mL) was added at 0 °C and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/2) to afford 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol- 7-one (0.41 g, 24%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 8.05-8.01 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.51 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 5.28 (s, 1H), 4.28-4.18 (m, 4H), 3.21 (s, 3H). D. Synthesis of methyl 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-6H- [1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-8-carboxylate

To a stirred solution of 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindol-7-one (0.40 g, 1.2 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) was added lithium bis(trimethylsilyl)amide (1.0 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 1.5 mL, 1.5 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 10 min, methyl cyanoformate (0.12 mL, 1.5 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. 10% w/v hydrochloric acid (5 mL) was added at 0 °C and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/2) to afford methyl 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-8-carboxylate (0.21 g, 44%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 7.92-7.89 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.21-4.14 (m, 4H), 3.65 (s, 3H), 3.12 (s, 3H). 200 PREPARATION 81

Synthesis of 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6- yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 4-bromo-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26A and making noncritical variations using 4-bromoisatin to replace 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-7,8-dione, and bromodiphenylmethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 4-bromo-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione was obtained (78%) as a red solid: MS (ES+) m/z 413.8 (M + 23), 415.8 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 4-bromo-1-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) □δ 9.06 (s, 1H), 7.44-7.28 (m, 10H), 6.98-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.08 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 566.1 (M + 23), 568.1 (M + 23). C. Synthesis of 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin- 6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (86%): as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) □δ 9.05 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.28 (m, 10H), 6.98-6.87 (m, 3H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 4H). PREPARATION 82

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one 201 A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-iodo-4-fluoroindole (8.85 g, 20.7 mmol) in a mixture of acetonitrile (25 mL) and water (5 mL) was added ruthenium (III) chloride monohydrate (0.30 g, 1.45 mmol) and sodium periodate (13.3 g, 62.2 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL), washed with water (3 x 25 mL), saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (3 x 25 mL) and brine (3 χ 25 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was crystallized from acetonitrile to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione (1.73 g, 25%) as an orange solid: mp 168-171 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.49-7.41 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.28 (m, 10H), 6.86 (dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.3, 157.8, 157.7 (d, 1JC-F = 261.0 Hz), 150.6 (d, 3JC-F = 6.0 Hz), 139.7 (d, 2JC-F = 10.0 Hz), 137.0, 128.5, 128.3, 127.8, 110.7 (d, 2JC-F = 19.5 Hz), 108.8 (d, 4JC-F = 2.9 Hz), 106.4 (d, 3JC-F = 18.2 Hz), 28.7; MS (ES+) m/z 332.2 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 1A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 2-methylbenzo[d]thiazol-5-ol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace isatin, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (83%) as a colourless solid: mp 209-211 °C (dec.); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.15 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.27 (m, 11H), 7.01 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.61 (dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 6.16 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.14 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.2, 157.9 (d, 1JC-F = 248 Hz), 147.1, 145.0 (d, 3JC-F = 8.7 Hz), 142.7, 137.7 (d, 2JC-F = 30.9 Hz), 135.4, 130.1 (d, 3JC-F = 8.7 Hz), 128.4 (d, 3JC-F = 13.9 Hz), 128.3 (d, 3JC-F = 8.4 Hz), 127.5 (d, 3JC-F = 11.9 Hz), 119.4, 117.9 (d, 2JC-F = 18.9 Hz), 116.1, 109.3 (d, 2JC-F = 20.3 Hz), 107.2 (d, 4JC-F = 2.1 Hz), 103.1, 73.0, 64.2, 63.7, 57.5; MS (ES+) m/z 506.0 (M + 23). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.74 g, 3.60 mmol) in 202 dichloromethane (40 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (1.64 g, 14.4 mmol) and triethylsilane (1.68 g, 14.4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.54 g, 92%) as a colourless solid: mp 115-118 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 9.17 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.26 (m, 11H), 7.01 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (s, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J = 8.8, 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (s, 1H), 4.20-4.14 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.2, 157.9 (d, 1JC-F = 248 Hz), 147.1, 145.0 (d, 3JC-F = 8.7 Hz), 142.7, 137.7 (d, 2JC-F = 30.9 Hz), 135.4, 130.1 (d, 3JC-F = 8.7 Hz), 128.4 (d, 3JC-F = 13.9 Hz), 128.3 (d, 3JC-F = 8.4 Hz), 127.5 (d, 3JC-F = 11.9 Hz), 119.4, 117.9 (d, 2JC-F = 18.9 Hz), 116.1, 109.3 (d, 2JC-F = 20.3 Hz), 107.2 (d, 4JC-F = 2.1 Hz), 103.1, 73.0, 64.2, 63.7, 57.5; MS (ES+) m/z 467.9 (M + 1) PREPARATION 83

Synthesis of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 1A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[bl[1,4ldioxin-6-ol to replace 2-methylbenzo[dlthiazol-5-ol, and 1-(4-fluorophenyl)indoline-2,3-dione (Coppola, G.M Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry 1987, (24):1249) to replace isatin, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (23%) as a beige solid: mp 195-200 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.12 (s, 1H), 7.47-7.41 (m, 4H), 7.26 (s, 1H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.63 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.14 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.3, 160.9 (d, 1JC-F = 245 Hz), 147.1, 143.9, 142.6, 135.6, 132.0, 131.2 (d, 4JC-F = 2.9 Hz), 128.6 (d, 3JC-F = 8 Hz), 124.0, 122.4, 121.2, 116.4 (d, 2JC-F = 22.8 Hz), 115.1, 108.2, 103.4, 74.4, 64.3, 63.7, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 390.0 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 1-(4-Fluorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 82C and making non 203 critical variations using 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (59%) as a colourless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 7.51-7.39 (m, 4H), 7.17 (dd, J = 7.6 Hz, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 4.19-4.12 (m, 4H): MS (ES+) m/z 378.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 84

Synthesis of 4-(chloromethyl)-1-fluoro-2-methoxybenzene To a solution of (4-fluoro-3-methoxyphenyl)methanol (Claudi, et al., J. Med.

Chem. 1990, 33(9):2408) (0.90 g, 5.76 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (10 mL) was added thionyl chloride (0.84 mL, 12 mmol) and anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo to afford 4-(chloromethyl)-1-fluoro-2-methoxybenzene (0.73 g, 72%) as a brown oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.05-6.86 (m, 3H), 4.53 (s, 2H), 3.88 (s, 3H). PREPARATION 85

Synthesis of 2-(chloromethyl)-3,5-difluoropyridine hydrochloride To a solution of (3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl)methanol (Almedia et al., WO 08/117050) (2.15 g, 14.8 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) at 0 °C was added N,N-dimethylformamide (2 drops) and thionyl chloride (2.0 mL, 27 mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(chloromethyl)-3,5-difluoropyridine hydrochloride (2.31 g, 78%) as a brown oil: Rf = 0.71 (EtOAc/Hexanes, 1/1). PREPARATION 86

Synthesis of 2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoropyridine hydrochloride To a solution of methyl 4-fluoropicolinate (0.50 g, 3.20 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (20 mL) at -78 °C was added slowly lithium aluminum hydride (0.15 g, 4.00 mmol). The solution was stirred at -78 °C for 2 h and water (1 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford (4-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methanol as a pale yellow oil. To a solution of this oil in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added thionyl chloride (1.0 mL, 13 mmol) and the solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 204 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to afford 2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (0.42 g, 71%) as a beige solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.53-8.47 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.74 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 87

Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione

To a solution of 5-bromoisatin (10.0 g, 44.4 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (100 mL) at 0 °C was added slowly sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 3.90 g, 97.7 mmol). The solution was stirred for 30 min and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (11.2 g, 44.4 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and poured into ice water (1.3 L) with vigourous stirring, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration to afford 5-bromo-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (4.93 g, 35%) as a orange solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ D8.55-8.50 (m, 1H), 7.72-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.88 (m, 1H), 5.03-4.99 (m, 2H). B. Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6- yl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol (2.55 g, 16.8 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (100 mL) at 0 °C added isopropylmagnesium chloride (2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 10.0 mL, 19.9 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 20 min and 5-bromo-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (4.85 g, 15.3 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (25 mL) was added and the mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with ethyl acetate (250 mL) and the solid collected by filtration to afford 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.26 g, 98%) as a beige solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.20 (s, 1H), 8.71 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 8.06 (dd, J = 7.80 Hz, 1H), 7.63-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.52 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (s, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.10 (m, 4H). 205 C. Synthesis of 5-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(pyridin- 2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a suspension of 5-bromo-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.60 g, 8.10 mmol) in triethylsilane (10 mL) at 0 °C was added trifluoroacetic acid (40 mL). The solution was allowed to warm to ambient temperature over 2 h and was stirred for a further 4 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and ethyl acetate were added to the residue, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration and washed sequentially with diethyl ether and hexanes to afford 5-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.03 g, 100%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.59-8.55 (m, 1H), 7.90-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 6.82-6.68 (m, 2H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 5.17-4.93 (m, 2H), 4.84 (s, 1H), 4.23-4.06 (m, 4H). MS (ES+) m/z 452.9 (M + 1), 454.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 88

Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26A and making noncritical variations using 5-bromoisatin to replace 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione, and bromodiphenylmethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (76%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.74-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.46-7.20 (m, 11H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H). B. Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 87B and making noncritical variations using 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 5-bromo-1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (64%) as a pale yellow solid: MS (ES+) m/z 525.9 (M - 17), 527.9 (M -17). 206 C. Synthesis of 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 82C and making noncritical variations using 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (85%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 527.8 (M + 1), 529.8 (M + 1). PREPARATION 89

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 7-bromo-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,4]dioxine A solution of 5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (1.54 g, 10.0 mmol) and 1-bromopyrrolidine-2,5-dione (1.8 g, 10 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was heated at reflux for 0.5 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo.

The residue was taken up in dichloromethane (50 mL) and washed with water (50 mL). The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography eluted with a 0% to 30% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes afforded 7-bromo-5-fluoro-2,3- dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (2.04 g, 87%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 233.6 (M + 1). B. Synthesis of 8-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,4]dioxin-6-ol

To a solution of 7-bromo-5-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (15.1 g, 64.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (160 mL) at -78 oC was added a 1.6 M solution of n-butyllithium in hexanes (45 mL, 73 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at -78 oC for 15 min and trimethyl borate (8.5 g, 82 mmol) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature, stirred for 48 h and cooled to 5 °C. 35% w/w aqueous hydrogen peroxide (12.6 mL, 129.6 mmol) was added, the reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 3 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (200 mL) and the organic phase was washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and brine (50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography 207 eluted with a 0% to 70% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes afforded 8-fluoro-2,3- dihydrobenzo[b1[1,41dioxin-6-ol (6.5 g, 59%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 153.0 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)- 3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A 100 mL round-bottom flask was charged with 8-fluoro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b1[1,41dioxin-6-ol (6.4 g, 37 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (60 mL). A 2 M solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (20.0 mL, 40.0 mmol) was added at 5 oC and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and dichloromethane (60 mL) was added, followed by a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (10.9 g, 35.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 5 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and stirred for a further 16 h. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (30 mL) was added and the phases were separated. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo.

Trituration of the residue in methanol (30 mL) afforded 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro- 7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.8 g, 64%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 506.0 (M + 23). D. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 82C and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace1-(diphenylmethyl)- 4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (85%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 467.9 (M + 1). PREPARATION 90

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A 500 mL round-bottom flask was charged with chroman-6-ol (9.2 g, 61 mmol) and tetrahydrofuran (120 mL). A 2 M solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (32.5 mL, 65.0 mmol) was added at 5 oC and the reaction mixture was stirred for 15 min and concentrated in vacuo. To the residue was added 208 dichloromethane (180 mL), followed by a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (18.8 g, 60.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (180 mL) at 5 oC. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 24 h. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (7 mL) was added and the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the residue in methanol/water (1/100, 200 mL) afforded 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one. A mixture of the 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, triethylsilane (23.2 g, 200 mmol), trifluoroacetic acid (50.0 g, 438 mmol) and dichloromethane (200 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the residue in diethyl ether (150 mL) afforded 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (24.3 g, 90%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 448.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 91

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of benzo[b]thiophen-5-ol (1.39 g, 9.25 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) at 5 °C was added a 2 M solution of isopropylmagnesium chloride in tetrahydrofuran (5.0 mL, 10 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 5 °C for 15 min and concentrated in vacuo. To the residue were added 1,2-dichloroethane (100 mL) and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (2.5 g, 8.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and stirred for 48 h. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (10 mL) was added and the phases were separated. The organic phase was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 20% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.2 g, 59%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 486.0 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 82C and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6- 209 yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (94%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 448.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 92

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4- yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 472.0 (M + 23). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A mixture of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (21.8 g, 48.5 mmol), triethylsilane (50 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (100.mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then heated to 45 °C for 1.5 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.94 g, 52%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.90-10.00 (br s, 1H), 7.61-7.31 (m, 10H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 7.06-6.89 (m, 4H), 6.55 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.57 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 456.0 (M + 23). PREPARATION 93

Synthesis of 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[d][1,4]dioxin-6-ol

To a solution of 6-hydroxy-1,4-benzodioxane (1.52 g, 10 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added N-chlorosuccinimide (1.33 g, 10 mmol) at 210 ambient temperature. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 15% to 30% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 7-chloro-2,3- dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol (1.79 g, 96%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.02 (s, 1H), 6.83 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 4.27-4.16 (m, 4H). B. Synthesis of 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1- (diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 7-chloro-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (18%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 522.1 (M + 23), 524.1 (M + 23). C. Synthesis of 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1- (diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2B, and making noncritical variations using 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44-7.27 (m, 10H), 7.08-6.78 (m, 4H), 6.49-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.76 (s, 0.5H), 5.30 (s, 0.5 H), 5.27 (s, 0.5H), 5.03 (s, 0.5H), 4.39-4.25 (m, 2H), 4.063.90 (m, 1H), 3.75-3.50 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 484.3 (M + 1), 486.3 (M + 1). PREPARATION 94

Synthesis of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 3,4-difluorophenol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3- 211 hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 9.23 (br s, 1H), 7.47-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.21 (m, 9H), 7.18-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.90 (s, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 11.2, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (dd, J = 11.2, 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.56-6.51 (m, 1H), 4.13 (br s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 426.2 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2B, and making noncritical variations using 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (56%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 9.27 (br s, 1H), 7.37-7.12 (m, 12H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.87 (dd, J = 11.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J = 11.2, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.58-6.56 (m, 1H), 5.12 (s, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 428.2 (M + 1). PREPARATION 95

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8- tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 5,6,7,8-tetrahydro-2-naphthol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) N 8.73 (s, 1H), 7.52-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.327.28 (m, 10H), 7.09 (dd, J = 5.6, 3.2 Hz, 2H), 6.95 (s, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.51-6.48 (m, 2H), 4.31 (s, 1H), 2.70 (br s, 2H), 2.52 (br s, 2H), 1.72 (br s, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 444.1 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2- yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2B, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 3-(4-bromo-2- 212 hydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.41 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.29 (m, 9H), 7.24-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.07 (m, 2H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.80 (s, 1H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.56-6.53 (m, 1H), 5.13 (s, 1H), 2.73 (br s, 2H), 2.602.56 (m, 2H), 1.74 (br s, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 446.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 96

Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1H-indole- 2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26A and making noncritical variations using 4,5-dimethoxyindoline-2,3-dione to replace 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4ldioxino[2,3-flindole-7,8-dione, 4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione was obtained (51%) as a red solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.22 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.12 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.70 (m, 2H), 4.94 (s, 2H), 3.96 (s, 3H), 3.72 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5- dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[bl[1,4ldioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (s, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.33-6.25 (m, 2H), 4.89-4.71 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.02 (m, 4H), 3.99 (s, 1H), 3.83 (s, 6H). C. Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1- {[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to 213 replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.86 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.66-6.60 (m, 2H), 6.32-6.25 (m, 2H), 5.11 (s, 1H), 4.94-4.76 (m, 2H), 4.23-4.07 (m, 5H), 3.84 (s, 3H), 3.74 (s, 3H). PREPARATION 97

Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7- dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 4,7-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione (1.8 g, 8.7 mmol) in anhydroud N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) at ambient temperature was added cesium carbonate (11.4 g, 35.0 mmol), The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min and 1-bromo-2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethane (2.35 mL, 17.4 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, concentrated in vacuo to a small volume and poured into ice water (300 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate and the combined organic extracts were filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. Trituration of the residue in hexanes afforded 4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione (2.2 g, 82%).

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (53%): MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1- [2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3- 214 dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy- 1-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (89%) as a yellow solid: MS (ES+) m/z 446.0 (M + 1). PREPARATION 98

Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one A. Synthesis of 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3- Z1indole-7,8-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 97A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione (Lackey and Sternbach, Synthesis 1993:993-997) to replace 4,7-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione, 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione was obtained (82%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.05 (s, 1H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 4.37-4.32 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.17 (m, 2H), 3.74 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.56 (t, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 3.50-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.36-3.30 (m, 2H), 3.14 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b1[1,41dioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-7,8-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one was obtained (19%): MS (ES+) m/z 441.9 (M - 17). C. Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2- methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-/1indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7-one was obtained (54%) as a pale yellow solid: MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1). 215 PREPARATION 99

Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one A. Synthesis of 6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione

To a mixture of 1,3-benzo[d]thiazol-6-amine (10.0 g, 66.6 mmol) and 4-anisaldehyde (8.5 mL, 70 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (350 mL) at ambient temperature was added sodium triacetoxyborohydride (28.2 g, 133.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and 1 N aqueous sodium hydroxide was added. The organic layer was concentrated in vacuo to a small volume, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration to afford N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-benzo[d]thiazol-6-amine (16.5 g, 90%) as a colorless solid. A mixture of oxalyl chloride (6.1 g, 48 mmol) and N-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-benzo[d]thiazol-6-amine (1.3 g, 4.8 mmol) in a sealed tube was heated at 140 °C for 1 h. The mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature during which time a precipitate was deposited. The solid was filtered, washed with hexanes and dried to afford 6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione (1.2 g, 76%) as an orange solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.32 (s, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.87 (s, 2H), 3.68 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4- methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-ol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indole-7,8-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one was obtained (39%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 477.1 (M + 1). C. Synthesis of 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4- methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 8-hydroxy-8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)- 216 6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 461.1 (M + 1). PREPARATION 100

Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 3-(benzyloxy)phenol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (75%): MS (ES+) m/z 496.0 (M - 17). B. Synthesis of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using [4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3-[4-(benzyloxy)- 2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 9.01 (s, 1H), 7.45-7.16 (m, 15H), 7.13-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.55-6.49 (m, 1H), 6.49-6.42 (m, 1H), 5.10 (s, 1H), 4.99 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 101

Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 4-(benzyloxy)phenol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (76%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 217 8.63 (s, 1H), 7.46-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.21 (m, 15H), 7.13-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J= 8.8 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.86 (dd, J= 8.8, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.52-6.45 (m, 2H), 4.85 (s, 2H), 4.53 (s, 1H). B. Synthesis of 3-f5-(benzvloxv)-2-hvdroxvphenvl1-1-(diphenvlmethyl)-1,3-dihydro- 2/7-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making non-critical variations using 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-1,3-dihydro-2/7-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy- 3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2/7-indol-2-one, 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2/7-indol-2-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) £8.51 (brs, 1H), 7.41-7.16 (m, 16H), 7.10-7.03 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.96 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.58-6.48 (m, 2H), 5.17 (s, 1H), 4.92 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 102

Synthesis of 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)benzene A. Synthesis of 1-(difluoromethvl)-2-methylbenzene

To a solution of o-tolualdehyde (5.00 g, 41.6 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (50 mL) was added a solution of (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (6.70 g, 41.6 mmol) in anhydrous dichloromethane (30 mL) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 16 h at ambient temperature and saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 150 mL) and diethyl ether (100 mL). The combined organic phases were dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant liquid was purified by column chromatography and eluted with dichloromethane to afford l-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylbenzene (2.90 g, 49%) as a yellow liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) £7.48 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.35 (dd, J= 7.0, 7.0 Hz, 2H), 7.24 (dd, J= 14.9, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.70 (m, 1H), 2.42 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 1-(bromomethvl)-2-(difluoromethyl)benzene

To a solution of 1-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylbenzene (2.90 g, 20.4 mmol) in carbon tetrachloride (50 mL) was added /V-bromosuccinimide (3.63 g, 20.4 mmol) and 2,2'-azob/s(2-methylpropionitrile) (0.167 g, 1.02 mmol). The mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h. Further 2,2'-azob/s(2-methylpropionitrile) (0.167 g, 1.02 mmol) was added, the mixture was heated at reflux for 4 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted 218 with dichloromethane (175 mL) and washed with water (2 x 175 mL) and saturated sodium bicarbonate (150 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered,and concentrated in vacuo. The resultant residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 10% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)benzene as a yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58-7.56 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.37 (m, 3H), 6.95 (t, JH-F = 55.2 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 103

Synthesis of [3-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethanol hydrochloride A. Synthesis of 3-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine

To a solution of 2-methylpyridine-3-carbaldehyde (3.8 g, 31.4 mmol) in dichloromethane (60 mL) was added (diethylamino)sulfur trifluoride (4.14 mL, 31.4 mmol). After 16 h at ambient temperature, the reaction was quenched by the addition of saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (200 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (200 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (200 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 30% gradient of diethyl ether in dichloromethane to afford 3-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine (2.56 g, 57%) as a yellow liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J = 7.8, 5.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.72 (m, 1H), 2.63 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 3-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine-1-oxide

To a solution of 3-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine (2.56 g, 17.9 mmol) in dichloromethane was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (6.01 g, 26.8 mmol) at ambient temperature. After stirring for 2 h, the mixture was diluted with a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (4 x 50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to afford 3-(difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine-1-oxide as a yellow oil (2.22g, 78%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.36 (d, J = 6.5 Hz, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (m, 1H), 6.80-6.70 (m, 1H), 2.57 (s, 3H). C. Synthesis of [3-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methanol hydrochloride 3-(Difluoromethyl)-2-methylpyridine-1-oxide (2.22 g, 14.0 mmol) and acetic anhydride (10 mL, 100 mmol) were heated at 80 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diethyl ether (100 mL) was added and the 219 mixture was washed with a 1 M aqueous sodium hydroxide (100 mL), water (50 mL), and brine (50 mL). The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in methanol (70 mL) and potassium carbonate (20.2 g, 14.6 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, concentrated in vacuo and the residue was taken up in water and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL). The organic phase was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in anhydrous diethyl ether and the product was precipitated by the addition of a 4 M solution of hydrogen chloride in 1,4-dioxane to afford [3-(difluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethanol hydrochloride (0.700 g, 26%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) ΐδ 9.89 (s, 2H), 8.81 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.38 (m, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H). PREPARATION 104

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a solution of 2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-ol (3.60 g, 23.7 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (80 mL) at 0 °C was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (11.8 mL, 2 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 23.7 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 45 min, concentrated in vacuo, and 1,2-dichloroethane (60 mL) was added. The mixture was cooled to 0 °C and a solution of 1-benzhydrylindoline-2,3-dione (4.94 g, 15.8 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (70 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 60 h, and heated to 83 °C and stirred for 3.5 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, concentrated in vacuo and saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (250 mL) was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (250 mL followed by 2 x 100 mL). The organic phase was washed with water (150 mL) and brine (150 mL), dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate and a solid was precipitated by the addition of hexanes to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.10 g, 69%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.14 (s, 1H), 7.43-7.30 (m, 9H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.97-6.79 (m, 3H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.44 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H) 6.26 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22 (s, 4H). 220 B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) Ώδ 9.11 (s, 1H), 7.39-7.24 (m, 9H), 6.95-6.79 (m, 3H), 6.58 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.35-6.30 (m, 2H), 4.21 (s, 4H). PREPARATION 105

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 26A and making noncritical variations using 4,6-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 2,3-dihydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-7,8-dione, and bromodiphenylmethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1H-indole- 2,3-dione was obtained (90%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.49-7.19 (m, 10H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.21 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.87 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.70 (s, 3H). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4- benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 2A and making noncritical variations using 4-(benzyloxy)phenol to replace 3-bromophenol, and 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1H-indole-2,3-dione to replace 1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indoline-2,3-dione, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (50%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.81 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.16 (m, 10H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 6.14 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.64 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.92 (s, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.49 (s, 3H). 221 C. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)- 4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 4C, and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one was obtained (92%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35-7.25 (m, 8H), 7.21-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 6.17 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.68 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (s, 1H), 4.244.10 (m, 4H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 3.48 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 1H). PREPARATION 106

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one A. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one

To a stirred solution of quinoxalin-6-ol (King et al.; J. of the Chem.Society 1949:3012.) (11.2 g, 76.66 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (800 mL ) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (38.3 mL, 2.0 M THF solution, 76.60 mmol) at -40 °C to-30 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 2 h, followed by the addition of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-1H-indole-2,3-dione (20.00 g, 63.84 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (400 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h, and quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 1000 mL). The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol, 100/1) to give 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.0 g, 34%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.21 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 7.97-7.92 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.54-7.49 (m, 4H), 7.46-7.35 (m, 6H), 7.14 (s, 1H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.56-6.52 (m, 1H). B. Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- indol-2-one

To thionyl chloride (60 mL) was added 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(7- 222 hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (3.0 g, 6.53 mmol) at -10 oC. The resulting reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in acetic acid (150 mL), followed by the addition of zinc dust (4.50 g, 68.81 mmol). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 40 min. The solids were filtered out. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography (dichloromethane/methanol 200/1) to give 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.40 g, 83%): MS (ES+) m/z 444 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1

Synthesis of 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzothiazole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one H3

To a cooled (-78 °C) solution of 1,3-bis(hydroxymethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl- 1,3-benzothiazol-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (1.70 g, 4.7 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added tri-n-butylphosphine (0.80 mL, 5.7 mmol), followed by diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.05 mL, 6.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and was stirred for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to 0 °C and a 28% aqueous solution of ammonia (10 mL) was added. The reaction mixture was stirred for 1 h at 0 °C and was acidified to pH 6 by the dropwise addition of 10% aqueous hydrochloric acid. The reaction mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 50 mL) and the combined organic solution was washed with brine (2 χ 50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated. The resultant solid was triturated with diethyl ether (50 mL), collected by vaccum filtration, washed with diethyl ether (20 mL) and dried under high vaccum to afford 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzothiazole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (1.03 g, 70%): mp &gt; 250 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 10.75 (br s, 1 H), 7.89 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.86 (m, 3H), 4.86-4.74 (m, 2H), 2.60 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) N 177.7, 160.1, 148.9, 141.7, 138.5, 132.7, 128.6, 128.0, 123.4, 122.7, 122.1, 119.9, 109.7, 108.3, 80.9, 57.8, 20.0; MS (ES+) m/z 309.1 (M + 1). 223 EXAMPLE 1.1

Syntheisis of 1'-[(6-methylpyridin-2-yl)methyl1-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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5 To a mixture of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)- one (0.23 g, 0.79 mmol), 6-methyl-2-pyridinemethanol (0.13 g, 1.07 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.30 g, 1.14 mmol) in benzene (10 mL) under nitrogen was slowly added a solution of diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.22 g, 1.27 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (6 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16.5 h. The 10 solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was taken up into 2 M sodium carbonate (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 30 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (2:1) gave 1'-[(6-methylpyridin-2- 15 yl)methyl1-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.13 g, 41%) as a colorless solid: mp 183-185 °C (hexanes/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.56 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.23 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.958 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.956 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.11 20 (m, 2H), 2.59 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 158.2, 155.4, 154.7, 144.8, 142.2, 138.4, 138.2, 132.3, 129.0, 124.0, 123.7, 122.9, 121.2, 118.8, 111.8, 109.8, 99.6, 80.3, 64.7, 64.1, 58.3, 45.7, 24.1; MS (ES+) m/z 401.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.2

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'- 25 indol1-2'(1'H)-one 224 10 15 20 25

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To a mixture of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-gl[1,4lbenzodioxine-8,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.30 g, 1.00 mmol), 3-pyridinemethanol (0.15 mL, 1.50 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.36 g, 1.36 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (7 mL) under nitrogen was slowly added a solution of diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.29 g, 1.67 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (3 mL). The resulting mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 21 h. The solvents were removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was taken up into 2 M sodium carbonate (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (2 χ 30 mL). The combined organic solution was dried with sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The filterate was purified by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/isopropanol (49:1, increased to 29:1) to give a mixture of the desired product and triphenylphosphine oxide. This material was acidified with 1 M hydrochloric acid (30 mL) and extracted with diethyl ether (3 χ 30 mL). The aqueous solution was made basic with 5 M sodium hydroxide and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 30 mL). Once dried with sodium sulfate, the organic solution was concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-gl[1,4lbenzodioxine-8,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.22 g, 57%) as a colorless solid: mp 142-143 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.93-8.47 (m, 2H), 7.79 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 5.09 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.924 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.919 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 148.0, 147.5, 144.9, 141.5, 138.5, 137.0, 132.2, 129.1, 124.3, 124.0, 120.8, 111.5, 109.0, 99.6, 80.2, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 41.7; MS (ES+) m/z 386.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.3

Synthesis of 1'-{[2,5-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one 225

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To a stirred solution of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.84 g, 3.0 mmol) and (1-isopropyl-2,5-dimethyl-1H-pyrrol-3-yl)methanol (0.50 g, 3.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) was added dropwise tributylphosphine 5 (0.90 g, 1.5 mmol). The solution was cooled to 0 °C and diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.78 g, 4.5 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h then quenched with saturated ammonium chloride (50 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (200 mL), dried on magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography 10 with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15 % to 50 % gradient) to afford 1'-{[2,5-dimethyl-1-(1-methylethyl)-1H-pyrrol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.32 g, 24%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-171 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 7.27-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.85-5.82 (m, 2H), 5.77 (br s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.69 (ABq, 2H), 4.37 (sep, J = 15 7.0 Hz, 1H), 2.33 (s, 3H), 2.22 (s, 3H), 1.43 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) J 194.7, 177.2, 155.9, 148.7, 142.9, 142.2, 132.5, 128.7, 127.0, 125.5, 123.6, 122.9, 119.9, 113.0, 109.6, 107.6, 103.2, 101.4, 93.5, 80.5, 58.2, 47.3, 37.0, 22.2, 14.1, 11.5; MS (ES+) m/z 431.20 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.4 20 Synthesis of 5-(benzyloxy)-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-

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To a stirred solution of 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-3-hydroxymethyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.71 g, 5.52 mmol) in 25 anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (60 mL) was added dropwise tributylphosphine (1.39 g, 6.90 mmol). The solution was cooled to 0 °C and di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (1.59 226 g, 6.90 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 20 min then quenched with aqueous 10% hydrochloric acid (50 mL). The aqueous solution was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL), brine (3 x 50 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (20%) to give 5-(benzyloxy)-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.36 g, 90%) as a colorless solid: mp 132-135 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.33-7.21 (m, 7H), 7.16-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.02 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90-6.32 (m, 2H), 6.21 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (ABq, 2H), 4.82 (s, 2H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.6, 155.0, 153.6, 141.9, 138.6, 137.4, 132.0 130.3, 129.4, 128.8, 128.2, 128.1, 127.9, 127.1, 124.3, 123.8, 116.6, 110.8, 110.0, 109.9, 79.4, 70.4, 58.1, 38.9; MS (ES+) m/z 476.3 (M + 1), 474.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.5

Synthesis of 7'-bromospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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O &gt;

O

To a suspended mixture of 7-bromo-3-(6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (4.70 g, 12.4 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) was added tributylphosphine (3.8 mL, 15.5 mmol), followed by additional of di-tert-butyl azodicarboxylate (3.58 g, 15.5 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (25 mL) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction was quenched by addition of saturated aqueous ammonium chloride solution (150 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 200 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 30% gradient) to give 7'-bromospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.4 g, 53%) as a colorless solid: mp 240 °C (dec.); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 10.88 (s, 1H), 7.34 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J = 8.1, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.93 (dd, J = 2.9, 0.8 Hz, 2H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.1, 155.3, 148.2, 141.6, 141.1, 134.2, 131.4, 123.8, 122.8, 119.4, 103.1, 102.0, 101.3, 93.1, 79.9, 58.8; 227 MS (ES+) m/z 360.2 (M + 1), 362.2 (M + 1); MS (ES-) m/z 358.2 (M - 1), 360.2 (M - 1). EXAMPLE 1.6

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15 20

To an ice-cold stirring suspension of (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methanol (0.338 g, 2.4 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL) was added a solution of N-(chloromethylene)-N-methylmethanaminium chloride (0.36 g, 2.8 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min and then transferred to a suspended mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.56 g, 2.0 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.95 g, 6.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and filtered. The solid was washed with acetone (100 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 30% gradient) to give 1'-[(3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.50 g, 60%) as a colorless solid: mp 132-136 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.34 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.93 (d, J = 1.0 Hz, 2H), 5.08 (s, 2H), 4.82 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.03 (m, 1H), 1.19 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 168.9, 166.3, 155.2, 148.3, 141.6, 141.5, 131.4, 128.8, 123.6, 123.2, 119.5, 109.1, 102.8, 101.3, 101.1, 93.2, 79.5, 57.2, 35.6, 25.8, 21.2; MS (ES+) m/z 405.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.7 25 Synthesis of 1'-[(4-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one 228

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 1.6 and making non-critical variations using (4-bromothiophen-2-yl)methanol to replace (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methanol, 1'-[(4-bromo-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 5 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.59 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.18 (m, 4H), 7.06 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.93 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5, 155.4, 148.4, 141.7, 141.4, 140.9, 131.6, 129.2, 128.9, 123.8, 123.7, 123.3, 119.6, 109.4, 108.0, 10 102.7, 101.5, 93.4, 79.7, 57.4, 38.1; MS (ES+) m/z 478.1 (M + 23), 480.1 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 1.8

Synthesis of 1'-(1-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 1.6 and making non-critical variations using benzofuran-2-ylmethanol to replace (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methanol, 1'-(1-benzofuran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (44%) as a colorless solid: mp 167-168 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.60 (dd, J = 7.0, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H,), 20 7.33-7.19 (m, 5H), 7.05 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.94 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 2H), 5.15 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.84 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5, 155.3, 154.3, 152.2, 148.4, 141.8, 141.7, 131.6, 128.8, 127.8, 124.4, 123.6, 123.2, 123.0, 121.1, 119.7, 110.9, 109.5, 105.2, 102.9, 101.5, 93.3, 79.7, 57.5, 37.2; MS (ES+) m/z 412.3 (M + 1). 229 EXAMPLE 1.9

Synthesis of 1'-{[2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazol-4-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

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o &gt; CH3

To a mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.281 g, 1.0 mmol) and (2-methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)oxazol-4-yl)methanol (0.18 g, 1.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) was added tributylphosphine (0.30 g, 1.5 mmol) at 0 °C, followed by additional of Ν,Ν,Ν',Ν'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide (0.26 g, 1.5 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 1 h and stirred at ambient 10 temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was quenched with aqueous ammonium chloride (25%, 50 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 X 40 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (30 mL), dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 30% gradient) to give 1'-{[2- 15 methyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-oxazol-4-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'- indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.30 g, 68%) as a colorless solid: mp 136-137 °C (diethyl ether/hexane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7. 32 (ddd, J = 7.7, 1.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 7.6, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.93 (dd, J = 5.0, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 4.98 (q, J = 16.4 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (dd, J = 20.8, 9.4 Hz, 2H), 2.46 (s, 20 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5, 163.6, 155.1, 148.2, 141.9, 141.5, 137.6 (d, 3JCF = 2.1 Hz), 133.5 (q, 2JCF = 42.7 Hz), 131.6, 128.7, 123.5, 123.0, 119.8, 119.2 (q, 1JCF = 266.9 Hz), 109.0, 103.0, 101.3, 93.1, 79.3, 57.2, 34.9, 13.4; MS (ES+) m/z 445.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.10 25 Synthesis of (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one and (3S)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one 230

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mL) and methyl tert-butyl ether (2.0 mL) were added and the mixture was submicron 5 filtered. The mixture was injected onto a Waters LC/MS autopurification system (Waters Inc., Milford, MA) equipped with a CHIRALPAK-IA (Chiral Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA) HPLC column (21 mm i.d. χ 250 mm length, 20 qm particle diameter) and was eluted over a run time of 20 min with methyl ttert-butyl ether/acetonitrile (9/1) at a flow rate of 15 mL/min with UV detection at 254 nm. 35 10 replicate injections were performed under these conditions, corresponding to a total of 1.40 g of the racemate. Following resolution, the appropriate fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the resultant solid was triturated with methanol (15 mL), collected by vacuum filtration and dried under high vacuum.

The first enantiomer to elute was (3S)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 15 b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one, which was obtained as a colorless solid with a 67% recovery (0.472 g): mp 255-256 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.56 (br s, 1H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.98-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.43 (m, 2H), 2.992.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.7, 131.0, 160.6, 141.8, 133.0, 128.6, 20 123.8, 122.3, 120.8, 119.7, 119.0, 109.7, 92.4, 79.9, 72.1, 57.3, 28.4; MS (ES+) m/z 278.0 (M + 1).

The second enantiomer to elute was (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one, which was obtained as a colorless solid with a 60% recovery (0.423 g): mp 256-257 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.56 25 (br s, 1H), 7.26-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.98-6.89 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.43 (m, 2H), 2.992.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.7, 131.0, 160.6, 141.8, 133.0, 128.6, 123.8, 122.3, 120.8, 119.7, 119.0, 109.7, 92.4, 79.9, 72.1, 57.3, 28.4; MS (ES+) m/z 278.0 (M + 1). 231 EXAMPLE 1.11

Preparation of (R)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b1[1,41dioxine-8,3'-indolin1-2'-one and (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002114.tif" id="idf0114" />

(R) (S) 5 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.14 g)

was dissolved in hot dimethylsulfoxide (0.4 mL). Acetonitrile (0.4 mL) and methyl tertbutyl ether (2.2 mL) were added and the mixture was submicron filtered. The mixture was injected onto a Waters LC/MS autopurification system (Waters Inc., Milford, MA) equipped with a CHIRALPAK-IA (Chiral Technologies, Inc., West Chester, PA) HPLC 10 column (30 mm i.d. χ 250 mm length, 20 pm particle diameter) and was eluted over a run time of 60 min with methyl tert-butyl ether/acetonitrile (98/2) at a flow rate of 30 mL/min with UV detection at 254 nm. Following resolution, the appropriate fractions were concentrated to dryness in vacuo and the resultant solid was triturated with water (30 mL), collected by vacuum filtration and dried under high vacuum. 15 The first enantiomer to elute was (R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, which was obtained as a colorless solid; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.12 20 4.07 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 296.0 (M + 1); [afe -36.61 (c 1.0, DMSO).

The second enantiomer to elute was (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, which was obtained as a colorless solid; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 25 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.12 4.07 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 296.0 (M + 1); [a1D +36.65 (c 1.0, DMSO). EXAMPLE 1.12

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl1methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one 232 10 15 20

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To a mixture of (3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methanol hydrochloride (5.0 g, 23.14 mmol) and thionyl chloride (5.0 g, 42.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) at 0 oC were added two drops of N,N-dimethylformamide. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 16 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was dissolved in N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL). To the above solution were added (8S)-2,3-dihydrospyro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (4.72 g, 15.98 mmol), cesium carbonate (16.3 g, 50.03 mmol) and potassium iodide (1.0 g, 6.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was warmed up to 90 oC and stirred under nitrogen for 2.5 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure, and the residue was treated with water (50 mL) and sonicated for 0.5 h. The suspension was filtered, and washed with water (50 mL), dried under reduced pressure. The solid crude product was subjected to column chromatography with dichloromethane/ethyl acetate (1:100 - 1:4) to afford (8S)-1'-{[3- (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospyro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (5.45 g, 75%) as a colorless solid: mp 164-165 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.62 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.20 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J = 7.7, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.23-6.82 (m, 4H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.21 (ABq, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.18-4.04 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ177.5, 155.0, 152.9, 152.8, 144.5, 143.3, 138.2, 135.5, 135.4, 132.4, 129.1, 126.1, 124.1, 123.9, 123.7, 123.4, 123.3, 122.8, 122.5, 122.0, 112.2, 109.4, 99.0, 79.6, 64.6, 64.0, 57.7, 42.4, 42.3; MS (ES+) m/z 454.9. EXAMPLE 1.13 25 Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 233

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002116.tif" id="idf0116" />

and tributylphosphine (1.26 g, 6.23 mml) in tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) at 0 °C was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (1.15 g, 6.62 mmol). The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to ambient temperature and stirred for 48 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate (100 mL) and filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved in dichloromethane (150 mL), washed with 1 M hydrochloric acid in water (3 x 30 mL), 1 M sodium hydroxide in water (3 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was sonicated with methanol (30 mL), and the solid product was filtered off to afford (8S)-1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridine-2-yl]methyl}-2,3- dihydrospyro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.54 g, 87%). To a mixture of (8S)-1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridine-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospyro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.54 g, 3.12 mmol) and ammonium formate (1.0 g, 15.86 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was added 10% palladium on carbon (0.5 g). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was cooled to ambient temperature, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography with dichloromethane-methanol (20:1 - 10:1) to afford (8S)-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospyro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.93 g, 50%) as a colorless solid: mp 256-258 °C (chloroform - hexane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.23-6.85 (m, 6H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.97 (ABq, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.08-3.91 (m, 2H), 3.78-3.56 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 178.4, 155.3, 152.9, 145.7, 144.6, 142.2, 138.3, 137.3, 132.1, 128.8, 124.3, 124.0, 123.7, 122.5, 120.5, 111.7, 109.5, 99.4, 79.7, 64.4, 63.4, 58.2, 44.9; MS (ES+) m/z 402.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.14

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g] [1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one: 234 ο

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002117.tif" id="idf0117" />

Br

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 1.2 and making non-critical variations using (5-bromopyrid-2-yl)methanol to replace 3-pyridinemethanol, 1'-[(5-bromopyridin-2-yl)methyl1-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1 [1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1- 5 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (32%) as a colorless solid: mp 201-202 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.63 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 7.79 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.15 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.11 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.3, 154.1, 10 150.6, 144.7, 141.9, 139.7, 138.3, 132.2, 128.9, 123.9, 123.6, 123.1, 121.0, 119.9, 111.6, 109.4, 99.4, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.5; MS (ES+) m/z 465.1 (M + 1), 467.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.15

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl1methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- 15 f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

Cl

F3C

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 1.6 and making non-critical variations using (5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3-yl)methanol to replace (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methanol, 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan-3- 20 yl1methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (35%) as a colorless solid: mp 114-116 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.55 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.34 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.28 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.87 (s, 2H), 4.96 (ABq, 2H), 4.82, (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25 177.8, 156.0, 155.2, 149.1, 142.4, 141.4, 137.7, 135.1, 131.9, 129.2, 129.1, 127.8, 127.1, 125.9, 124.7, 124.2, 123.9, 121.6, 119.2, 113.9, 108.6, 106.6, 102.8, 101.6, 235 93.8, 80.3, 58.2, 34.4; MS (ES+) m/z 540.3 (M + 1), 542.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.16

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002118.tif" id="idf0118" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 1.6 and making non-critical variations using (5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl)methanol (Nakatani et al., EP 2002/743670) to replace (3-isopropylisoxazol-5-yl)methanol, 1'-{[5-chloro-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- 10 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 180-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) J 7.26-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.84 (d, J = 5.3 Hz, 2H), 4.92 (s, 2H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) J 177.3, 156.2, 148.9, 142.4, 141.6, 139.6 (q, J = 37.9 Hz), 132.0, 128.9, 128.7, 124.1, 123.6,122.7, 119.0, 15 110.6, 108.9, 103.4, 101.5, 93.6, 80.9, 58.2, 37.2, 33.5; MS (ES+) m/z 478.3 (M + 1), 480.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 1.17

Synthesis of 1'-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20 A 10 mL pressure tube was charged with spiro[furo[2,3-/][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.28 g, 1.0 mmol), 3-bromo-5-methoxypyridine (0.26 g, 1.4 mmol), palladium (II) acetate (0.038 g, 0.2 mmol), 9,9-dimethyl-4,5- bis(diphenylphosphino)xanthene (0.14 g, 0.24 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.46 g, 1.4 25 mmol) and 1,4-dioxane (1.2 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 25 236 min under microwave irradiation and allowed to cool to ambient temperature. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (20 mL) and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue purified by column chromatography eluted with a 0% to 15% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes 5 to afford 1'-(5-methoxypyridin-3-yl)spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.097 g, 25%) as a brown solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ8.37 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 7.39-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.18-7.09 (m, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.88 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 2H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 156.3, 156.0, 149.1, 142.5, 141.9, 138.9, 137.3, 131.9, 10 129.1, 129.0, 128.2, 124.5, 119.2, 118.5, 109.6, 103.0, 101.6, 93.7, 80.7, 58.5, 56.0; MS (ES+) m/z 389.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002119.tif" id="idf0119" />

20 25

To a mixture of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.6 g, 24.4 mmol) and cesium carbonate (23.8 g, 73.1 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100 mL) was added chloroiodomethane (6.35 g, 36.6 mmol) under nitrogen. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h, then filtered through a pad of silica and rinsed with tetrahydrofuran (500 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was recrystallized from diethyl ether (20 mL) to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (7.9 g, 72 %) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.417.27 (m, 10H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.1, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.55-6.49 (m, 2H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.86 (ABq, 2H), 3.80 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 160.2, 159.2, 141.8, 137.8, 137.4, 132.9, 128.70, 128.66, 128.48, 128.46, 128.2, 128.0, 127.9, 124.2, 123.8, 123.1, 119.6, 112.2, 93.8, 80.4, 58.7, 57.7, 55.6, 16.1; MS (ES+) m/z 448.3 (M + 1). 237 EXAMPLE 2.1

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002120.tif" id="idf0120" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 4-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (49%) as a 10 colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 479.9 (M + 1), 481.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.2

Synthesis of 6-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002121.tif" id="idf0121" />

To a stirred solution of 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3- 15 dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (10.1 g, 22.6 mmol) and cesium carbonate (22.1 g, 67.8 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (100.0 mL) was added chloroiodomethane (5.88 g, 33.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h, then filtered through a pad of silica gel followed by tetrahydrofuran rinses (500.0 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, and recrystallized from diethyl ether (20.0 mL) in a Branson 20 ultrasonic bench top water bath to afford 6-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (7.3 g, 67%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.44-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.15-7.09 (m, 2H), 7.07-6.90 (m, 4H), 6.56-6.49 (m, 2H), 5.03 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 482.1 (M + 1), 484.0 (M + 1). 238 EXAMPLE 2.3

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002122.tif" id="idf0122" />

10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-hydroxy-3-(2-hydroxy-4,5-dimethylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: mp 193195 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38-7.32 (m, 10H), 7.146.92 (m, 4H), 6.75-6.78 (m, 1H), 6.55-6.50 (m, 1H), 6.37-6.31(m, 1H), 4.99-4.94 (m, 1H), 4.73-4.65 (m, 1H), 2.20 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 159.0, 141.7, 138.4, 137.7, 137.4, 132.8, 129.4, 128.6, 128.4, 128.1, 127.9, 127.8, 126.3, 123.8, 123.0, 112.2, 111.4, 79.7, 58.7, 57.8, 20.3, 19.3; MS (ES+) m/z 432.3 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 2.4

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002123.tif" id="idf0123" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 20 variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 228-229 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25 7.39-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 6.90-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.72-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.42-6.38 (m, 3H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.02-2.97 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 464.1 (M + 1). 239 EXAMPLE 2.5

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002124.tif" id="idf0124" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-6-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (87%) as a 10 colorless solid: mp 194-196 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ7.42-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.10-7.04 (m, 2H), 6.67-6.61 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.39 (m, 2H), 6.23-6.19 (m, 1H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 463.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.6 15

Synthesis of 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-fl[1,2lbenzisoxazole-5,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002125.tif" id="idf0125" />

20 25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-5-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3- methylspiro[furo[3,2-fl[1,2lbenzisoxazole-5,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 138-139 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.35 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 7.21-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.09 (m, 1 H), 6.96 ( d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.94-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.79 ( d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.16-4.79 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.45 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 412.9 (M + 1). 240 EXAMPLE 2.7

Synthesis of 1'-benzhydryl-6-(benzyloxy)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002126.tif" id="idf0126" />

To a stirred solution of 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)- 5 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (7.4 g, 14.8 mmol), chloroiodomethane (2.7 mL, 37.0 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was added cesium carbonate (15.4 g, 47.4 mmol) under argon. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated under vacuum. The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 1/5) followed 10 by the treatment with diethyl ether/hexanes to afford 1'-benzhydryl-6-(benzyloxy)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one (4.1 g, 55%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.25 (m, 15H), 7.16-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.62-6.38 (m, 4H), 5.03-4.90 (m, 3H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 510.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.8 15

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002127.tif" id="idf0127" />

O, CH3 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.22 (m, 10H), 7.16-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.92 (m, 3H), 6.60 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.54-6.48 (m, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 452.1 (M + 1). 25 241 EXAMPLE 2.9

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002128.tif" id="idf0128" />

F

Ph

Ph

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 5 variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol- 2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (56%) as a colorless solid: mp 182-184 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.43-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.84 (m, 5H), 6.56-6.49 (m, 10 1H), 6.39-6.32 (m, 1H), 5.01 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 159.3, 156.8, 156.1, 141.7, 137.5, 137.2, 131.9, 130.3, 130.2, 128.8, 128.7, 128.6, 128.4, 128.3, 128.1, 127.9, 123.8, 123.3, 116.5, 116.1, 112.4, 110.9, 110.8, 110.6, 110.2, 80.3, 58.8,58.0; MS (ES+) m/z 444.0 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 2.10 15 Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one CH3

Ph

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)- 20 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.27 (m, 10 H), 7.16-6.92 (m, 4H), 6.59-6.49 (m, 3H), 6.37 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 434.3 (M + 1), 456.3 (M + 23). 25 EXAMPLE 2.11

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'- indol1-2'(1'H)-one 242

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002129.tif" id="idf0129" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- 5 methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: mp 183-185 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.28 (m, 10H), 7.15 (dd, J = 6.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.04-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.52-6.48 (m, 2H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 10 4.15-4.10 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.3, 144.7, 141.8, 138.4, 137.7, 137.5, 132.6, 128.83, 128.75, 128.5, 128.44, 128.36, 128.02, 127.98, 123.9, 123.2, 121.5, 112.3, 111.6, 99.5, 80.4, 64.6, 64.0, 58.8, 57.9; MS (ES+) m/z 462.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.12 15 Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1chromene-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-6-yl)-1,3- 20 dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1chromene-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as an off-white solid: mp 208-211 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.29 (m, 10H), 7.16 (dd, J = 6.6, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (s, 1H), 7.05-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.52 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.41 25 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J = 243 5.1, 5.1 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 1.94-1.86 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 160.1, 156.3, 141.8, 137.9, 137.5, 132.9, 128.75, 128.73, 128.53, 128.52, 128.2, 128.00, 127.96, 132.9, 132.8, 123.2, 121.3, 115.2, 112.3, 98.9, 80.3, 66.6, 58.8, 57.5, 24.8, 22.3; MS (ES+) m/z 460.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.13

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-hl[1,5lbenzodioxepine-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002130.tif" id="idf0130" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 10 variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(8-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,5-benzo-dioxepin-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-hl[1,5lbenzodioxepine-9,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (75%) as a pale pink solid: mp 165-168 °C (ethyl acetate/methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 15 7.42-7.28 (m, 10H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.04-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.29-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.03 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.93 (m, 1H), 2.24-2.01 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 156.9, 153.1, 146.4, 141.8, 137.7, 137.6, 132.5, 128.9, 128.8, 128.6, 128.44, 128.41, 128.0, 124.0, 123.4, 123.2, 116.1, 112.3, 103.6, 20 80.7, 70.92, 70.88, 58.8, 57.8, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 476.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.14

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzoxazole-7,3'-indoll-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002131.tif" id="idf0131" />

3 25 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-6-yl)-1,3- 244 dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzoxazole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: mp 240-242 °C (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.66 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 2H), 5 7.45-7.29 (m, 9H), 7.11-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.89 (t, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.01 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 5.41 (d, J = 5.7 Hz, 1H), 2.47 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.1, 164.5, 151.3, 146.2, 143.7, 138.6, 138.0, 137.3, 129.9, 129.8, 129.0, 128.9, 128.8, 128.3, 128.0, 127.7, 124.6, 122.8, 114.0, 112.7, 111.8, 110.7, 88.7, 75.8, 58.6, 14.8; MS (ES+) m/z 497.1 (M + 39). 10 EXAMPLE 2.15

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002132.tif" id="idf0132" />

nu/^Ph

Ph

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 15 variations using 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl1-7-hydroxy-4- methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indole1-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (32%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.47-7.23 (m, 11H), 7.19 20 7.10 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (s, 2H), 3.01 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 489.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.16

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzoxazole-7,3'-indole1- 25 2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002133.tif" id="idf0133" />

245

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3- 5 methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: mp 228-229 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.28 (m, 10H), 7.15-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.38 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 157.7, 155.3, 142.0, 137.7, 137.4, 137.2, 133.2, 132.1, 129.0, 128.9, 10 128.6, 128.5, 128.3, 128.2, 124.0, 123.5, 122.6, 112.6, 105.4, 92.0, 80.6, 59.1, 58.0, 28.5; MS (ES+) m/z 475.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.17

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002134.tif" id="idf0134" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 5-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1- 20 methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione was obtained (65%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.47-7.28 (m, 11H), 7.187.11 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.64 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.18 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 475.0 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 2.18

Synthesis of 7'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 246

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002135.tif" id="idf0135" />

Pti

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy- 5 5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 7'-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.45-7.06 (m, 14H), 6.38-6.32 (m, 2H), 4.75 (s, 2H), 4.48 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.94 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H). EXAMPLE 2.19 10 Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

H

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5- 15 yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy- 5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: mp 81-82 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.44-7.23 (m, 10H), 7.18-7.22 (m, 1H), 6.94 (br s, 1H), 6.85-6.78 (m, 1H), 6.45 (s, 20 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.52-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.08-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.33 (br s, 3H); m/z 477.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.20

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'ldifuran- 3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one 247 F Ph^Ph

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 7-fluoro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy- 5 5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 183-184 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 7.45-7.22 (m, 10H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.98 (s, 1H), 6.44-6.43 (m, 2H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); 10 MS (ES+) m/z 463.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.21

Synthesis of 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 variations using 3-[4-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(3-methylbutyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2,(1,W)-one was obtained (67%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 0 07.41-7.28 (m, 7H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.04-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.87 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.44 20 6.30 (m, 1H), 5.00 (s, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 3.87-3.64 (m, 2H), 1.71-1.56 (m, 3H), 0.98 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 414.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.22

Synthesis of 6-bromo-1,-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran- 3,3,-indolin]-2,-one 248

Br

C O CF3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(4-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- 5 methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-bromo-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ7.30 (ddd, J = 7.9, 7.9, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.03 (m, 3H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.42-6.37 (m, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 10 4.86 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.5, 161.5, 151.8, 141.4, 131.6, 129.3, 128.0, 124.5 (d), 124.0, 114.2, 112.6 (d), 109.2 (d), 80.1, 57.5, 36.9; MS (ES+) m/z 463.9 (M + 1), 465.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.23 15

Synthesis of 5-bromo-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002137.tif" id="idf0137" />

CF3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(5-bromo-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)indolin-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 5-bromo-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.36-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.17-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.8 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.78-6.72 (m, 2H), 6.39 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 5.07-5.87 (m, 3H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.1 20 249

Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 463.9 (M + 1), 465.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.24

Synthesis of 6'-isopentyl-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b1[1,41dioxine-8,8'-thiazolo[5,4-e1indol1-7'(6'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002138.tif" id="idf0138" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b1[1,41dioxin-6-yl)-6-isopentyl-6H-thiazolo[5,4-e1indol-7(8H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6'-isopentyl-3,7-dihydro-2H- 10 spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b1[1,41dioxine-8,8'-thiazolo[5,4-e1indol1-7'(6'H)-one was obtained (17%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-171 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.89 (s, 1H), 8.18 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.30-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.17-4.08 (m, 2H), 4.03-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.90-3.75 (m, 1H), 1.911.51 (m, 3H), 1.04 (d, J = 6.1 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 423.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 2.25

Synthesis of 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H- spiro[[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b1furan1-7(6H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002139.tif" id="idf0139" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 20 variations using 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan- 2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indol-7(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,41dioxino[2,3-f1indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b1furan1-7(6H)-one was obtained (42%) as a colorless solid: 25 mp 189-191 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.77-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.52- 250 6.45 (m, 2H), 6.43-6.36 (m, 2H), 4.91 (ABq, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.27-4.14 (m, 4H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 161.8, 161.0, 151.9, 143.9, 140.1, 135.2, 124.9, 120.2, 120.0, 118.8, 113.6, 112.6 (d, J = 2.8 Hz, 1C), 109.2, 98.8, 93.1, 80.4, 72.4, 64.6, 64.0, 57.5, 37.0, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 485.9 5 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.26

Synthesis of 6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b]furan]-7(6H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002140.tif" id="idf0140" />

10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-5-yl)-6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,5',6'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3- 15 f]indole-8,3'-benzofuro[6,5-b]furan]-7(6H)-one was obtained (39%) as a colorless solid: mp 220-225 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.64-6.60 (m, 1H), 6.516.46 (m, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 4.72 (dd, J = 84.4, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.51 (dd, J = 8.6, 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.25-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.13 (m, 2H), 3.94-3.82 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.643.52 (m, 1H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.94-1.80 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.60 20 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 421.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.27

Synthesis of 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,3',7'-tetrahydro-2'H-

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25 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 251 variations using 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxin-6-yl)-6-((5- (trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-6,8-dihydro-2H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7(3H)-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-2,3,3',7'-tetrahydro-2'H-spiro[[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,8'-benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxin]-7(6H)-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: mp 176-178 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.75-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.49-6.43 (m, 2H), 6.37-6.31 (m, 1H), 6.22-6.16 (m, 1H), 4.87 (ABq, 2H), 4.69 (ABq, 2H), 4.26-4.04 (m, 8H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3 δ 177.2, 155.0, 152.0, 151.9, 144.6, 144.0, 140.1, 138.3, 135.2, 124.3, 120.9, 113.7, 112.6, 112.6, 111.5, 109.1, 99.3, 98.9, 80.0, 64.6, 64.5, 64.0, 63.9, 57.8, 37.0; MS (ES+) m/z 501.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.28

Synthesis of 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate salt to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained. To a suspension of 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.59 g, 1.3 mmol) in methanol (8.5 mL) was added 4 M hydrochloric acid in 1,4-dioxane (1.5 mL, 6.0 mmol) and the resulting solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 35 min. The solvent was removed and the residue was dried under reduced pressure. The residue was then precipitated by addition of hexanes, sonicated and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. This process was repeated several times, until the solid formed a fine suspension in hexanes. The material was then collected by filtration and air-dried to afford 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride (0.60 g, 94%) as a pale gray 252 powder: mp 105 °C (dec.) (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.33 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 3H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.25-6.19 (m, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 2H), 3.27-3.18 (m, 2H), 2.68 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 157.2, 153.2, 147.9, 141.9, 139.6 (q, J = 42.0 Hz), 131.3, 129.0, 123.9, 123.4, 121.5, 119.0 (q, J = 267 Hz), 114.2 (q, J = 2.8 Hz), 112.4, 109.9, 109.3, 98.8, 79.9, 62.7, 57.1, 48.8, 48.6, 41.5, 36.6; MS (ES+) m/z 457.1 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd. for C24H19FN2O4-HCl: C, 58.49; H, 4.09; N, 5.68; Found: C, 58.85; H, 3.74; N, 5.37. EXAMPLE 2.29

Synthesis of 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride

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variations using 3-(7-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid. Following the procedure described in EXAMPLE 2.28 and making non-critical variations using 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo-[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl1-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo-[3,2-g1[1,41benzoxazine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt;135 °C (dec.) (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) (diastereomers) δ 7.83 (br s, 1H), 7.36-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.22 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.51 (br s, 1H), 6.44, 6.40 (br s, 1H), 4.82-4.59 (m, 2H), 4.38-4.26 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.14 (m, 1H), 3.87-3.69 (m, 3H), 3.66-3.59 (m, 1H), 3.36-3.24 (m, 2H), 2.78, 2.75 (br s, 3H), 2.02-1.72 (m, 3H), 1.68-1.55 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) (diastereomers) δ 176.8, 158.2, 157.8, 148.3, 143.1, 142.9, 253 131.5, 131.2, 128.9, 128.8, 123.6, 123.5, 122.9, 122.3, 114.0, 113.3, 109.9, 109.8, 98.9, 79.9, 79.8, 75.7, 75.6, 67.3, 62.3, 57.0, 48.9, 43.9, 43.7, 42.3, 42.1, 28.7, 28.5, 25.2, 25.1; MS (ES+) m/z 393.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.30

Synthesis of 4-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one CH3

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10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(6-hydroxy-4-methyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-7-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one trifluoroacetate to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 138-140 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.26 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 6.122, 6.117 (s, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.13 (dd, J = 4.5, 4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.99-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.23 (dd, J = 4.5, 4.2 Hz, 2H), 2.87 (s, 3H), 2.07-1.83 (m, 3H), 1.81-1.67 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.5, 178.3, 156.1, 143.1, 142.9, 139.0, 137.8, 132.7, 132.6, 128.7, 128.6, 123.84, 123.76, 123.2, 116.41, 116.35, 110.26, 110.22, 109.7, 109.4, 94.4, 80.2, 80.1, 77.3, 76.8, 68.38, 68.35, 64.5, 58.3, 49.2, 44.64, 44.58, 39.0, 29.4, 29.0, 25.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 393.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.31

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-4H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,3]benzodioxine-25 6,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 254

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O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(7-hydroxy-4H-1,3-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4- 5 methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- ylmethyl]-4H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,3]benzodioxine-6,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (3%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.38-6.99 (m, 4H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.30 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (ABq, 2H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71-4.61 (m, 3H), 4.30-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.64 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.60 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75MHz, CDCl3) δ 10 177.8, 177.8, 160.5, 160.5, 153.9, 142.8, 142.7, 132.3, 132.2, 128.8 (2C), 123.6, 123.3, 122.4, 122.3, 119.6 (2C), 113.9, 109.6, 109.5, 99.2, 91.2, 80.3, 76.9, 68.2, 68.1, 66.2, 57.5 (2C), 44.7, 44.6, 29.2, 29.0, 25.6, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 379.9 (M + 1), 401.8 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 2.32 15 Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

V A suspension of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (5.1 g, 11.8 mmol), 1,2-dibromoethane (4.7 g, 25.0 20 mmol) and cesium carbonate (24.4 g, 75.0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) was stirred under argon at ambient temperature for 16 h and at 50 oC for 7 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography with dichlromethane/methanol (100 /1-20/1) to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'- 25 indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.11 g, 39%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 459.8 (M + 1). 255 EXAMPLE 2.33

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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O

O 10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 479.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.34

Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-

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variations using 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-

20 7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%) as an off-white solid: mp 59-60 °C (recrystallized from the melt); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.217.15 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.02 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.79-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.44-6.40 (m, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.12-4.83 (m, 3H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.7, 157.0, 151.8, 144.7, 142.2, 141.7, 141.5, 138.5, 135.4, 25 132.0, 131.4, 129.6, 128.6, 124.2, 122.4, 120.7, 117.1, 112.8, 109.6, 109.3, 104.6, 94.4, 80.6, 58.0, 37.1; MS (ES+) m/z 465.7 (M + 1). 256 EXAMPLE 2.35

Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one

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O

O

F

F 10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(2,2-difluoro-6-hydroxy-1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (10%) was obtained as a pale yellow solid: mp 176-178 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.29 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 157.1, 144.7, 143.1, 138.4, 132.0, 131.7, 129.5, 124.0, 123.8, 122.5, 108.7, 104.8, 94.4, 80.8, 58.2, 26.9; MS (ES+) m/z 331.9 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 2.36

Synthesis of 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-

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(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 2,2-difluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yllmethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-fl[1,3lbenzodioxole-7,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (23%) as a colorless solid: mp 200-201 °C 25 (ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 8.75 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.62-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.10-6.84 (m, 4H), 5.42 (d, J = 17.4 Hz, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 17.4 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 257 13C NMR (75 MHz, acetone-d6) δ 177.6, 158.1, 153.5, 153.4, 144.9, 144.0, 138.6, 135.7, 132.8, 129.9, 126.9, 125.3, 124.9, 124.6, 124.0, 123.7, 123.3, 109.9, 106.6, 98.4, 81.3, 58.7, 42.9; MS (ES+) m/z 477.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.37 5 Synthesis of 6,-(diphenylmethyl)-2,,3,,5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,8,-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7,(6,H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 6-(diphenylmethyl)-8-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)- 10 2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2- hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6,-(diphenylmethyl)-2,,3,,5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8,-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7,(6,H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 504.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.38 15

Synthesis of 3,-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,1,-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin]-2,(3,H)-one

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20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-3-(4-methoxybenzyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 3,-(4-methoxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,1,-pyrrolo[3,2-f]quinolin]-2,(3,H)-one was obtained (9%) as a yellow solid: mp 169-170 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H), 7.92 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.28 (m, 4H), 6.92-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.17-5.06 (m, 2H), 4.97-4.88 (m, 2H), 4.58-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 25 258 3.09-2.82 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.1, 162.2, 161.0, 159.3, 148.0, 144.6, 140.2, 130.9, 128.8, 127.8, 127.6, 124.8, 122.4, 120.4, 119.8, 118.9, 114.4, 113.9, 93.4, 79.6, 72.4, 58.5, 55.3, 43.9, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 451.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.39

Synthesis of 6-hydroxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indolel-5-carbonitrile

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10 15 20

To a stirred solution of 2,4-dihydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yllbenzonitrile (9.40 g, 24.3 mmol) and chloroiodomethane (4.40 mL, 60.4 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (250 mL) was added cesium carbonate (23.8 g, 73.0 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h and 5% w/v hydrochloric acid was added. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 200 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water and brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate to afford 6-hydroxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indolel-5-carbonitrile (2.57 g, 26%): mp 112-114 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.32 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.16 (m, 4H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 3H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 4.93-4.77 (m, 4H), 3.68 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 398.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.40

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indolel-5-carbonitrile

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259

To a stirred solution of 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl1benzonitrile (10.50 g, 27.03 mmol) and chloroiodomethane (5.00 mL, 68.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (200 mL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (50 mL) was added cesium carbonate (26.40 g, 81.02 mmol) under nitrogen. The reaction mixture 5 was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1/3) to afford 6-fluoro-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole1-5-carbonitrile (5.27 g, 48%): mp 142-143 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.11-7.02 10 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.85 (m, 4H), 6.77 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.12-4.75 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 400.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.41

Synthesis of 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,21benzisoxazole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

15 MeO

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N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,2-benzisoxazol-6-yl)-1-(4-methoxybenzyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3- 20 methylspiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,21benzisoxazole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (17%): mp 183-184 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.21 (m, 3H), 7.13-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.05 (s, 1H), 7.03-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.86 (m, 3H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 5.07-5.00 (m, 2H), 4.79-4.74 (m, 2H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 412.8 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 2.42

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one 260

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002155.tif" id="idf0155" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 4-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (66%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) Βδ 7.47-7.16 (m, 12H), 6.85 (s, 1H), 6.82-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 5.92 (s, 1H), 5.66 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.14 (m, 4H). 10 EXAMPLE 2.43

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002156.tif" id="idf0156" />

15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.40 and making noncritical variations using 4-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-methyl-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile, 4'-bromo-1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23-7.14 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.93 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H), 3.24 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 387.9 (M + 1), 389.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.44

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 261 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002157.tif" id="idf0157" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-4-fluoro-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: mp 196-198 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.46-7.26 (m, 10H), 7.19 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 6.1 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (s, 1H), 6.83 (dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.46 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.83 (q, J = 9.6 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (dd, J = 5.3, 3.2 Hz, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.3, 157.9 (d, 1JC-F = 247 Hz), 144.3, 143.8 (d, 3JC-F = 8.4 Hz), 137.2 (d, 3JC-F = 13.6 Hz), 130.5 (d, 3JC-F = 8.6 Hz), 128.1, 127.8 (d, 3JC-F = 9.0 Hz), 119.2, 117.3 (d, 2JC-F = 19.0 Hz), 110.4, 110.0 (d, 2JC-F = 19.7 Hz), 107.8 (d, 4JC-F = 2.8 Hz), 98.7, 77.5, 64.1, 63.5, 58.6, 55.8 (d, 4JC-F = 2.8 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 480.0 (M + 1), 15 EXAMPLE 2.45

Synthesis of 1'-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002158.tif" id="idf0158" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical 20 variations using 1-(4-fluorophenyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3- dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(4-fluorophenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 210-212 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.63-7.59 (m, 2H), 25 7.45-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.10 (dd, J = 7.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.8

Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 4.80 (q, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.21-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C 262 NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.1, 161.2 (d, 1JC-F = 245 Hz), 154.6, 144.1, 143.0, 137.7, 131.6, 130.4 (d, 4JC-F = 2.9 Hz), 129.4 (d, 3JC-F = 8.9 Hz), 128.6, 123.7, 123.3, 121.1, 116.4 (d, 2JC-F = 22.8 Hz), 111.5, 109.0, 98.6, 79.6, 64.1, 63.5, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 390.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.46

Synthesis of 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-4,-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002159.tif" id="idf0159" />

10 15 20 A 10 mL microwave reaction vessel was charged with 4,-bromo-1,-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one (0.38 g, 1.40 mmol), tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0.080 g, 0.14 mmol), quinolin-3-ylboronic acid (0.20 g, 2.3 mmol), 2 M aqueous sodium carbonate (1.8 mL) and N,N-dimethylformamide (3.mL). The reaction mixture was irradiated at 150 °C for 15 min in a microwave reactor. The reaction was repeated and both reaction mixtures were combined, poured into distilled water (75 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (150 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (3 x 50 mL) and brine (100 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 20% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-4,-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one (0.29 g, 35%) as a light yellow solid: MS (ES+) m/z 589.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.47

Synthesis of 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-4,-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one 263

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002160.tif" id="idf0160" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.46 and making noncritical variations using 4-phenoxyphenylboronic acid to replace quinolin-3-ylboronic acid, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-gl[1,4lbenzodioxine-8,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 630.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.48

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indolel-6-carbonitrile 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002161.tif" id="idf0161" />

15 A 10 mL microwave reaction vessel was charged with 6-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one (0.51 g, 1.1 mmol), nickel chloride hexahydrate (0.25 g, 1.1 mmol), sodium cyanide (0.10 g, 2.1 mmol) and 1-methyl-2-pyrolidinone (1 mL). The solution was irradiated at 200 °C for 20 min in a microwave reactor. The solution was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) and filtered. The filtrate was washed with brine (3 x 15 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo . The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 15% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indolel-6-carbonitrile (0.50 g, 100%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ □ 17.44-7.22 (m, 10H), 7.21-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.14-6.93 (m, 5H), 6.72 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H). 20 264 EXAMPLE 2.49

Synthesis of 5'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002162.tif" id="idf0162" />

5 To a solution of 5-bromo-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1- (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (2.00 g, 4.40 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (25 mL) was added cesium carbonate (4.30 g, 13.2 mmol) and chloroiodomethane (0.85 g, 4.9 mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and poured into water (100 mL). The mixture was extracted with 10 ethyl acetate (3 x 50 mL) and the combined ethyl acetate extracts were washed with brine (2 x 35 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in dichloromethane/diethyl ether (2/5, 14 mL) to afford 5'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (1.44 g, 72%) as a beige solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (dichloromethane/diethyl 15 ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ D8.57-8.52 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 3H), 7.26-7.16 (m, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.97-4.87 (m, 2H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.9, 155.2, 155.1, 149.6, 144.9, 141.1, 138.4, 137.2, 134.2, 131.7, 127.0, 122.9, 121.7, 120.4, 116.1, 111.7, 111.1, 99.5, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.2, 20 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 465.0 (M + 1), 467.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.50

Synthesis of 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002163.tif" id="idf0163" />

25 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.48 and making non- 265 critical variations using 5'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 6-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-5'- 5 carbonitrile was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: mp 198-199 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDO3) 8.56-8.52 (m, 1H), 7.65-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.51 (dd, J = 8.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.20 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, 10 CDCl3) δ 177.1, 155.2, 154.4, 149.7, 146.0, 145.1, 138.6, 137.2, 133.9, 133.4, 127.2, 123.1, 122.0, 119.8, 118.7, 111.6, 110.2, 106.7, 99.7, 79.8, 64.5, 63.9, 57.8, 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 412.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.51

Synthesis of 5'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002164.tif" id="idf0164" />

nu/^Ph

Ph

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 5-bromo-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4- 20 methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 5'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 539.9 (M + 1), 541.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.52 25

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002165.tif" id="idf0165" />

To a 10 mL reaction vessel was added tri-o-tolylphosphine (0.022 g, 0.075 266 mmol), palladium acetate trimer (0.013 g, 0.020 mmol), triethylamine (0.13 g, 1.30 mmol), N,N-dimethylformamide (1.5 mL), tetramethyltin (0.20 g, 1.1 mmol) and 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.50 g, 0.93 mmol). The reaction vessel was sealed, heated at 110 °C for 16 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and poured into water (50 mL). The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL) and the combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo . The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with 15% ethyl acetate in hexanes followed by recrystallization from diethyl ether to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.38 g, 86%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 476.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.53

Synthesis of phenyl 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002166.tif" id="idf0166" />

To a high pressure steel reaction vessel were added 4'-bromo-1'-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (10 g, 26 mmol), palladium acetate (0.35 g, 1.55 mmol), 1,3-bis(dicyclohexylphosphonium)propane bis(tetrafluoroborate) (0.64 g, 1.0 mmol), phenol (2.92 g, 31.0 mmol), potassium carbonate (5.34 g, 39.8 mmol), activated 4A molecular sieves (4.00 g) and N,N-dimethylformamide (30.0 mL). The reaction vessel was purged with nitrogen for 10 min, sealed, pressurized with carbon monoxide to 150 psi and stirred at 120 °C for 82 h. The mixture was poured into water (100 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 100 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with brine (2 x 50 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 15% to 75% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes followed by recrystallization form dichloromethane/diethyl ether to afford phenyl 1'-methyl-2'-oxo-1',2,2',3-tetrahydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indole]-4'-carboxylate (3.30 g, 30%) as a colorless solid: mp 184-186 °C (diethyl ether); 267 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDO3) δ 07.85 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.11 (m, 4H), 6.84-6.78 (m, 2H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.11 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.18-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.29 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 451.92 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 2.54

Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl1methyl}-7,8-dihyrdospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-g1[1,31benzodioxine-4,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one A 100 mL flask was charged under argon with 3-hydroxy-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3- 10 dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine-2-yl1methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one (0.46 g, 1.0 mmol), chloroiodomethane (0.36 g, 2.0 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.3 g, 4.0 mmol) and anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (50 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue was purified by column 15 chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl1methyl}-7,8-dihyrdospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-g1[1,31benzodioxine-4,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.16 g, 34%) as an off-white solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.14 (m, 3H), 6.95-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.68 (s, 20 1H), 6.57 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 5.70 (ABq, 2H), 5.21 (ABq , 2H), 4.25-4.01 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.3, 152.3, 152.2, 147.8, 144.1, 143.3, 138.9, 134.3, 134.2, 134.2, 134.1, 130.7, 130.2, 129.2, 125.6, 125.2, 124.8, 124.4, 124.0, 123.5, 122.2, 122.0, 114.9, 114.2, 108.7, 105.3, 88.3, 77.2, 64.5, 64.0, 41.8, 41.7. 25 EXAMPLE 2.55

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one 268

O

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002167.tif" id="idf0167" />

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002168.tif" id="idf0168" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-fluoro-7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-gl[1,4lbenzodioxine-8,3'-indoll-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 479.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.56

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-glchromene-3,3'-indoll-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002169.tif" id="idf0169" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-3,4-dihydro-2H-chromen-7-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- 15 methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H- spiro[furo[2,3-glchromene-3,3'-indoll-2'(1H)-one was obtained (93%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 460.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.57

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-fl[1lbenzofuranl-2(1H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002170.tif" id="idf0170" />

269

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-1-benzothiophen-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3- 5 f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one was obtained (54%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 460.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.58

Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5,-dioxide 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002171.tif" id="idf0171" />

To a solution of 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one (1.12 g, 2.44 mmol) in dichloromethane (50 mL) at ambient temperature was added 3-chloroperbenzoic acid (77% w/w, 0.65 g, 2.9 mmol) and the mixture was stirred for 16 h. The reaction mixture was diluted with dichloromethane (100 mL), 15 washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (3 x 150 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 20% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3,-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5,-dioxide (0.98 g, 82%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) 20 m/z 492.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.59

Synthesis of 1,-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002172.tif" id="idf0172" />

25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)-1,3- 270 dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (50%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.82 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.58-6.92 (m, 15H), 6.55 (d, J = 5 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 446 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.60

Synthesis of 6-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.40 and making noncritical variations using 3-(7-chloro-6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-5-yl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile, 6-chloro-1'- 15 (diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (65%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-7.26 (m, 10H), 7.20-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.11 (s, 1H), 7.03-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.78 (s, 1H), 6.50-6.45 (m, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.12-3.84 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 496.2 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 2.61

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(4,5-difluoro-2-hydroxyphenyl)-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H- 25 indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)- 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- 271 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 213-216 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.26 (m, 10H), 7.15-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.08-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.78 (dd, J = 10.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (dd, J = 9.0, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.03 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 5 156.6 (d, J = 11.0 Hz), 151.2 (dd, JC-F = 248.2, 14.5 Hz), 145.6 (dd, JC-F = 241.5, 13.9

Hz), 141.7, 137.4, 137.1, 131.5, 128.8, 128.8, 128.7, 128.3, 128.3, 128.1, 128.0, 124.2 (dd, J = 6.4, 3.3 Hz), 123.8, 123.3, 112.4, 111.5 (dd, J = 20.4, 1.6 Hz), 100.1 (d, J = 22.4), 80.8, 58.9, 57.5; MS (ES+) m/z 440.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.62 10 Synthesis of 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(3-hydroxy-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalen-2-yl)- 15 1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5- methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.32 (m, 10H), 7.17-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.07 (s, 1H), 7.05-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 20 4.96 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 2.73 (br s, 2H), 2.54 (br s, 1H), 1.72 1.70 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 457.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.63

Synthesis of 4',5'-dimethoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25 272

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002176.tif" id="idf0176" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,5-dimethoxy-1-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1 5 (diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4',5'-dimethoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl1methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%): mp 62-65 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.80 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.74-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.38-6.32 (m, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.90 (ABq, 2H), 4.85-4.81 (m, 2H), 10 4.18-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 3.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 155.6, 152.3, 152.2, 149.9, 146.6, 144.6, 137.9, 135.1, 125.0, 120.3, 112.7, 111.1, 109.2, 103.7, 99.1, 78.2, 64.5, 63.9, 60.4, 57.7, 56.3, 37.1; MS (ES+) m/z 503.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.64 15 Synthesis of 4',7'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002177.tif" id="idf0177" />

variations using 3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,7-dimethoxy-1-[2-(2-20 methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2- hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 4',7'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl1-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (24%): mp 109-110 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.80 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 25 4.26-4.03 (m, 6H), 3.81 (s, 3H), 3.77-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 3.49-3.43 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.4, 155.6, 150.4, 273 144.1, 139.7, 137.6, 131.0, 120.2, 119.5, 113.4, 111.1, 106.1, 98.7, 71.9, 69.8, 68.8, 64.5, 63.8, 59.0, 57.5, 56.4, 56.0, 41.2; MS (ES+) m/z 457.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.65

Synthesis of 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,2,,3,3,-tetrahydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,8,-furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxin]-7(6H)-one 10 15 20 25

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002178.tif" id="idf0178" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3,6,8-tetrahydro-7H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol-7-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,2,,3,3,-tetrahydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,8,-furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxin]-7(6H)-one was obtained (74%): mp 146-148 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 4.67 (ABq, 2H), 4.27-4.03 (m, 8H), 3.98-3.65 (m, 4H), 3.65-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 155.0, 144.4, 143.8, 139.6, 138.2, 136.4, 124.7, 121.4, 113.3, 111.5, 99.3, 99.2, 80.1, 71.9, 70.4, 68.1, 64.6, 64.5, 64.1, 63.9, 59.0, 57.8, 40.3; MS (ES+) m/z 455.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.66

Synthesis of 6,-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8,-

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variations using 8-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-6-(4-methoxybenzyl)-6,8-dihydro-7H-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol-7-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 6,-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8,-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7,(6,H)-one 274 was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.76 (s, 1H), 7.99 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 7.05 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.99 (ABq, 2H), 4.86 (ABq, 2H), 4.25-4.04 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 473.1 (M + 1). 5 EXAMPLE 2.67

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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To a stirred solution of 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.22 g, 0.44 mmol) in dichloromethane (3 mL) at ambient 10 temperature was added iodotrimethylsilane (0.12 g, 0.61 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (2.25 g, 67%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.467.25 (m, 10H), 7.17-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.57-6.37 (m, 15 2H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 6.24-6.12 (m, 1H), 5.70 (s, 1H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H). EXAMPLE 2.68

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-

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20 To a solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1- 2'(1'H)-one (2.9 g, 6.9 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL) was added at ambient temperature potassium carbonate (2.9 g, 21 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 10 min and 2-bromoethyl methyl ether (1.9 g, 14 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at 40 °C for 7 h, allowed to cool to ambient 25 temperature and poured into water (300 mL), causing a precipitate to be deposited. 275

The solid was collected by filtration to afford 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.84 g, 85%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46-7.22 (m, 10H), 7.16-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.03-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.89-6.74 (m, 2H), 6.57-6.45 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.23 (m, 1H), 4.85 (ABq, 5 2H), 3.92-3.87 (m, 2H), 3.72-3.55 (m, 2H), 3.39 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE 2.69

Synthesis of 5-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

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10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 3-[5-(benzyloxy)-2-hydroxyphenyl]-1-(diphenylmethyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 5-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (88%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.26 (m, 15 15H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.06 (s, 1H), 7.05-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.55-6.46 (m, 1H), 6.30-6.23 (m, 1H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H), 4.79 (s, 2H). EXAMPLE 2.70

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.68 and making non critical variations using 5-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.22 (br s, 1H), 25 7.30-7.08 (m, 10H), 7.02-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.85-6.75 (m, 2H), 6.65-6.49 (m, 276 2H), 6.38-6.26 (m, 1H), 6.13-6.02 (m, 1H), 4.65 (ABq, 2H). EXAMPLE 2.71

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.68 and making noncritical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.447.25 (m, 10H), 7.15-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.04 (s, 1H), 7.00-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.58-6.44 (m, 3H), 6.41-6.33 (m, 1H), 4.86 (ABq, 2H), 4.15-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.66 (m, 2H), 3.41 (s, 3H). EXAMPLE 2.72

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,41benzodioxine-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(5-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,41benzodioxine-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (85%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) Τδ 7.47-7.22 (m, 12H), 7.10 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8 ,1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (s, 1H), 6.58 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 20 277 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.04 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.27 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 148.8, 144.7, 142.0, 137.6, 137.5, 131.6, 129.3, 128.7, 128.5, 128.3, 128.1, 127.9, 127.7, 127.6, 123.9, 122.9, 122.4, 113.8, 111.0, 109.9, 80.1, 64.1, 63.9, 58.1, 57.1; MS (ES+) m/z 5 461.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.73

Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-yl)-4,6-dimethoxy-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(2-hydroxy-4-methoxy-5-methylphenyl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was 15 obtained (96%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.24 (m, 10H), 6.97 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 6.04 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.69 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.21-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.62 (s, 3H), 3.47 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 522.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 2.74 20 Synthesis of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002187.tif" id="idf0187" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.40 and making noncritical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(7-hydroxyquinoxalin-6-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 2-fluoro-4-hydroxy-5-[1-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2-oxo-2,3- 278 dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]benzonitrile, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (34%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.46 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.07-8.04 (m, 1H), 7.63-6.86 (m, 15H), 6.55-6.52 (m, 1H), 5.10 (ABq, 2H). EXAMPLE 3

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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3 10 15 A stirred solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (7.2 g, 16.1 mmol), triethylsilane (15 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (50 mL) was refluxed for 14 h. The solution was concentrated in vacuo and precipitated from hexanes to afford 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.9 g, 86%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.54 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.95-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.68 (ABq, 2H), 3.73 (s, 3H), 1.91 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.2, 160.4, 158.9, 142.2, 133.4, 129.1, 124.4, 124.2, 122.7, 120.3, 118.5, 110.2, 94.3, 80.1, 58.0, 56.0, 16.0; MS (ES+) m/z 282.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.1

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 25 &gt;200 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.80 (s, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.84 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 8.7, Hz, 2H), 2.92 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 182.8, 166.0, 165.8, 148.3, 134.9, 134.3, 133.8, 127.1, 279 123.9, 123.2, 122.4, 113.4, 96.5, 81.8, 76.6, 62.4, 32.9; MS (ES+) m/z 313.9 (M + 1), 315.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.2

Synthesis of 6-bromospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002190.tif" id="idf0190" />

N

H

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 6-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-bromospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as 10 a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 316.1 (M + 1), 318.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.3

Synthesis of 5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one Η

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 15 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (88%) as a colorless solid: mp 206-207 °C (ethyl acetate /hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ10.5 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.73 20 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 4.68 (ABq, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 1.99 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.9, 159.1, 142.2, 138.0, 133.3, 129.1, 127.0, 124.2, 124.1, 122.7, 111.2, 110.2, 79.5, 58.2, 20.2, 19.1; MS (ES+) m/z 266.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.4

Synthesis of 5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25

H 280

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-5,-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one to replace 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one, 5,-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 5 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one was obtained (91%) as a colorless solid: mp 257-259 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.35 (s, 1H), 6.86-6.73 (m, 3H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 4.64 (ABq, 2H), 4.43 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.93-2.90 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 298.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.5 10 Synthesis of 6,-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002191.tif" id="idf0191" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6,-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one to replace 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5- 15 methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one, 6,-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 249-251 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.74 (s, 1H), 7.18-7.13 (m, 1H), 6.79-6.42 (m, 2H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.99 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 298.0 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 3.6

Synthesis of 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002192.tif" id="idf0192" />

To a stirred solution of 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-/][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.00 g, 7.76 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (6.8 mL, 76.8 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 22 h, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was basified with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic solution was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was 25 281 concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (gradient 30% to 80%) to give 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f1[1,21benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (1.72 g, 76%): mp 226-227 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-ds) δ10.82 (s, 1H), 7.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 5 1H), 7.27 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.04 (m, 2 H), 6.97-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.89 (AB, 2H), 2.40 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 292.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.7

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002193.tif" id="idf0193" />

H 10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 222-225 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.33 (s, 1H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.85 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.9, 157.2, 149.3, 149.1 (d, J = 12.4 Hz), 146.1, 140.2, 132.2, 129.1, 123.8 (d, J = 42.8 Hz), 118.6 (d, J = 7.1 Hz), 110.7, 110.4, 96.3, 80.5, 58.6, 56.4; MS (ES+) m/z 286.2 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 3.8

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002194.tif" id="idf0194" />

F

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-fluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, 5-fluoro-spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (87%): mp 224-226 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.65 (s, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.87 (m, 4H), 6.58 (dd, J = 8.0, 2.7 Hz, 1H), 25 282 4.80 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.2, 158.9, 157.1, 142.3, 132.4, 131.3, 131.1, 129.5, 124.3, 122.8, 116.5, 116.2, 111.0, 110.9, 110.7, 110.4, 80.2, 58.4; MS (ES+) m/z 260.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.9

Synthesis of 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002195.tif" id="idf0195" />

ch3 Η .0

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 10 2'(1'H)-one, 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (98%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ8.23-8.11 (br, 1H), 7.30-6.90 (m, 4 H), 6.69 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (dd, J = 8.4, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 268.3 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 3.10

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt;250 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.09 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 25 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.3, 154.6, 144.0, 141.7, 137.7, 132.5, 128.7, 123.7, 122.2, 121.4, 111.1, 109.8, 98.6, 79.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.6; MS (ES+) m/z 296.3 (M + 1). 283 EXAMPLE 3.11

Synthesis of 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002196.tif" id="idf0196" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical

5 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzo-dioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 235-236 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.60 (s, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J 10 = 7.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.78 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.14-4.01 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.87 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.97 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.2, 156.3, 152.5, 145.8, 141.8, 132.4, 128.8, 123.8, 123.7, 122.3, 115.6, 109.8, 103.0, 79.8, 70.7, 57.6, 31.9; MS (ES+) m/z 310.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 3.12

Synthesis of 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one ^CHa

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: mp 242-244 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.20 (br s, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.93 (m, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.8 25 Hz, 1H), 5.96 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.42 (d, J = 5.0 Hz, 1H), 2.41 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.2, 165.2, 151.4, 146.1, 142.0, 138.2, 130.6, 130.1, 125.0, 123.1, 114.3, 111.5, 110.9, 88.4, 76.3, 14.6; MS (ES+) m/z 331.1 (M + 39). 284 EXAMPLE 3.13

Synthesis of 3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002197.tif" id="idf0197" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 5 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (88%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.64 (br s, 1H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 1H), 10 7.09 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.01-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.2, 157.0, 154.5, 141.8, 136.2, 132.8, 132.4, 128.9, 123.8, 122.3, 122.0, 109.9, 104.9, 92.3, 79.8, 57.8, 28.2; MS (ES+) m/z 309.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.14 15

Synthesis of 1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002198.tif" id="idf0198" />

20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione was obtained (53%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.69 (br s, 1H), 7.307.25 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.92 (m, 2H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 4.82 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.20 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.2, 156.1, 154.2, 142.5, 141.9, 132.4, 128.9, 126.0, 124.0, 122.4, 109.9, 104.0, 93.9, 79.8, 57.8, 28.1; MS (ES+) m/z 308.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.15

Synthesis of 7'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25 285

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002199.tif" id="idf0199" />

Cl

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 7-chloro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5- 5 methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 7'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.01 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.00-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 10 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.5, 161.0, 160.5, 139.4, 134.7, 128.4, 123.4, 122.3, 120.1, 119.8, 118.9, 113.8, 92.3, 79.8, 72.0, 58.0, 28.2; MS (ES+) m/z 313.7 (M + 1), 315.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.16

Synthesis of 7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

F 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 7-fluoro-1-(diphenylmethyl)-3-(6-hydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1-benzofuran-5-yl)-1,3-dihydro-2H-indol-2-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (97%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 20 250 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.01 (s, 1H), 7.30 (d, J = 8.0

Hz, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.00-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (m, 2H), 2.95 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.5, 161.0, 160.5, 139.4, 134.7, 128.4, 123.4, 122.3, 120.1, 119.8, 118.9, 113.8, 92.3, 79.8, 72.0, 58.0, 28.2; MS (ES+) m/z 298.0 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 3.17

Synthesis of 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one 286

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002200.tif" id="idf0200" />

ch3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5- 5 methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (diethylether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.84 (s, 1H), 7.12-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.72-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 4.78-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.50 (t, J =8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.97 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.20 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 311.9 10 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.18

Synthesis of 6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

OH

H A suspension of 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- 15 indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.60 g, 1.2 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was degassed by bubbling through nitrogen for 1 h before palladium hydroxide on carbon (20%, 0.08 g, 0.12 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred under 120 psi hydrogen at 60 °C for 16 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue obtained was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexanes to 20 afford 6-hydroxy-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one (0.25 g, 83%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.86-9.35 (br, 2H), 7.19 (td, J = 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.96-6.84 (m, 2H), 6.42 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.17 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 254.1 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 3.19

Synthesis of tert-butyl (3S)-3-{[1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl]oxy}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 287 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002201.tif" id="idf0201" />

To a solution of 1,-(diphenylmethyl)-6-hydroxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-2,(1,H)-one (0.45 g, 1.07 mol), tert-butyl (3R)-3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.60 g, 3.22 mmol) and triphenylphosphine (0.70 g, 2.68 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (50 mL) was added diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.42 mL, 2.68 mmol) slowly at 0 oC. The mixture was stirred fo 16 h at ambient temperature, then concentrated in vaccuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes - 1:2) to afford tertbutyl (3S)-3-{[1,-(diphenylmethyl)-2,-oxo-1,,2,-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-6-yl]oxy}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate as an oil (0.52 g, 83%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.25 (m, 10H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.91 (m, 3H), 6.58-6.43 (m, 3H), 6.38-6.25 (m, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.65-3.36 (m, 4H), 2.22-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 611.3 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 3.20 15

Synthesis of tert-butyl (3S)-3-[(2,-oxo-1,,2,-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-6-yl)oxy]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002202.tif" id="idf0202" />

20 A suspension of tert-butyl (3S)-3-{[1,-(diphenylmethyl)-2,-oxo-1,,2,-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-6-yl]oxy}pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.50 g, 0.85 mmol) in methanol (20 mL) was degassed by bubbling through nitrogen for one hour before palladium hydroxide on carbon (20%, 0.084 g) was added. The mixture was stirred under 120 psi hydrogen at 60 °C for 48 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The obtained residue was recrystallized from ethyl acetate and hexanes to afford tert-butyl (3S)-3-[(2,-oxo-1,,2,-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3,-indol]-6-yl)oxy]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.25 g, 70%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.01 (br s, 1H), 7.29-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (dd, J = 8.3, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 25 288 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (s, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.64-3.37 (m, 4H), 2.22-1.96 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 445.0 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 3.21

Synthesis of 6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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A solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.61 g, 1.32 mmol) and triethylsilane (0.67 mL, 4.2 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (4.5 mL) was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 2.5 h. Once cooled, the reaction was diluted with water (40 mL) and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 25 10 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried (sodium sulfate), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was dissolved into 10% diethyl ether in dichloromethane (5 mL) and, after standing at ambient temperature, yielded a colorless precipitate. This material was collected by filtration and washed with hexanes. Drying in air provided 6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2- 15 g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.25 g, 63%) as a colorless solid. An additional portion (0.14 g, 37%) of product was also recovered by concentrating the filtrate and triturating the residual solid with hexanes: mp 216-220 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.58 (s, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.98-6.91 (m, 2H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.61 (d, 20 J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.05 (dd, J = 5.1, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 2.61-2.45 (m, 2H), 1.84-1.77 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.6, 159.5, 155.4, 141.8, 132.9, 128.6, 123.8, 123.6, 122.3, 121.4, 114.8, 109.7, 97.9, 79.5, 66.0, 57.3, 23.9, 21.7; MS (ES+) m/z 294.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.22 25 Synthesis of 1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)- dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002204.tif" id="idf0204" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 289 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.62 (br s, 1H), 7.29-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 4.80 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.07 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.1, 163.3, 156.7, 146.2, 141.9, 132.3, 128.9, 124.0, 123.9, 122.9, 122.3, 109.9, 99.1, 80.3, 67.1, 57.7, 28.0; MS (ES+) m/z 322.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.23

Synthesis of 4-methyl-4,7-dihydrospiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]oxazine-8,3'-indoline]-2',3(2H)-dione CH3 I 3

N^O A solution of 7-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-6-hydroxy-4-methyl-2H-1,4-benzoxazin-3(4H)-one (3.4 g, 7.1 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was deoxygenated for 1 h with dry argon. Cesium carbonate (8.1 g, 25 mmol) and chloroiodomethane (1.5 mL, 21 mmol) were added and the heterogeneous reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the pad was washed with ethyl acetate (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 70% gradient) to afford 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one. To a solution containing 6-[1-(diphenylmethyl)-2-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-indol-3-yl]-5-hydroxy-3-methyl-1,3-benzoxazol-2(3H)-one (1.0 g, 20 mmol), in trifluoroacetic acid (10 mL) was added triethylsilane (1.6 mL, 10 mmol) and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and the crude product was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 60% gradient) to afford 4-methyl-4,7-dihydrospiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]oxazine-8,3'-indoline]-2',3(2H)-dione (0.52 g, 78%) as an off-white solid: mp &gt; 250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.63 (s, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.87 (s, 1H), 6.36 (s, 290 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (s, 2H), 3.26 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.0, 164.4, 156.0, 141.7, 139.2, 132.2, 130.7, 128.8, 123.7, 123.0, 122.2, 110.8, 109.8, 97.8, 79.7, 67.0, 57.6, 28.1; MS (ES-) m/z 321.2 (M - 1). EXAMPLE 3.24

Synthesis of 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g1chromene-5,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g1chromene-5,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g1chromene-5,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (63%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.33 (s, 1H), 7.32-6.90 (m, 4H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.80-4.71 (m, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.37-4.29 (m, 1H), 2.93 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.30-2.13 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.7, 160.6, 155.5, 140.5, 135.9, 128.3, 124.0, 123.8, 123.0, 120.3, 112.1, 110.1, 98.5, 71.9, 62.0, 48.5, 32.4, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 293.8 (M + 1) EXAMPLE 3.25

Synthesis of (3S)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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20 6-Methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (2.16 g, 0.10 g

per run) was resolved on a semi-prep chiral IA column with 10% acetonitrile in tertbutyl methylether. (3S)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was isolated as a crystalline colorless solid (0.96 g, 89% recovery): ee &gt; 99 % (analytical chiralpak IA, 1:1 acetonitrile/ tert-butyl methylether); mp &gt;250 °C; 1H NMR 25 (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 4.81-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.95 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.2, 160.4, 158.9, 142.2, 133.4, 129.1, 124.4, 124.2, 122.7, 120.3, 118.4, 110.2, 94.3, 80.1, 58.0, 291 56.0, 16.0; MS (ES+) m/z 282.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.26

Synthesis of (3R)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 6-Methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.16 g, 0.10 g per run) was resolved on a semi-prep chiral IA column with 10% acetonitrile in tertbutyl methylether. (R)-6-methoxy-5-methyl-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one was isolated as a crystalline colorless solid (0.81 g, 75% recovery): ee &gt; 99 % (analytical chiralpak IA, 1:1 acetonitrile/ tert-butyl methylether); mp &gt;250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 10.57 (s, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.6, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 4.81-4.74 (m, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 3.77 (s, 1H), 1.95 (s, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.2, 160.4, 158.9, 142.2, 133.4, 129.1, 124.4, 124.2, 122.7, 120.3, 118.4, 110.2, 94.3, 80.1, 58.0, 56.0, 16.0; MS (ES+) m/z 282.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 3.27

Synthesis of 7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

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mL) was added triethylsilane (0.6 mL, 3.7 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 1 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes, followed by sequential trituration in acetonitrile and ethyl acetate, 25 to afford 7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.101 g, 26%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 314.2 (M + 1). 292 EXAMPLE 3.28

Synthesis of 2',3',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8'-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7'(6'H)-one

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To a solution of 6'-(diphenylmethyl)-2',3',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8'-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-f]indol]-7'(6'H)-one (0.5 g, 1.0 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (7 mL) was added triethylsilane (0.47 mL, 3.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 3.5 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in methanol to afford 2',3',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,8'-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/]indol]-7'(6'H)-one (0.076 g, 23%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.30 (s, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 4.66 (ABq, J = 36.8, 9.2 Hz, 2H), 4.54-4.44 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.11 (m, 4H), 3.02-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.8, 160.8, 160.4, 143.3, 138.7, 135.4, 125.1, 120.9, 119.5, 118.9, 113.0, 99.0, 92.2, 79.7, 72.0, 64.2, 63.7, 57.1, 28.3; MS (ES+) m/z 337.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.29

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

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To a stirred solution of 6-methoxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile (0.50 g, 1.2 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL) was added trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1.0 mL, 11 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was basified with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography to afford 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile (0.34 g, 96%): mp 185-186 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.46 (s, 1H), 7.30-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.97-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 293 4.91 (ABq, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 292.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.30

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3.29 and making noncritical variations using 6-fluoro-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace of 6-methoxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile, 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (85%): mp 222-224 10 15 20 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-da) δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 7.40-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.23 (m, 2H), 7.17-7.15 (m, 1H), 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 4.91 (ABq, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 280.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.31

Synthesis of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione

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A suspension of methyl 6-methyl-8-(2-nitrophenyl)-7-oxo-2,3,7,8-tetrahydro-6H-[1,4]dioxino[2,3-/]indole-8-carboxylate (0.21 g, 0.54 mmol) and 10% w/w palladium on carbon (0.1 g) in methanol (20 mL) was hydrogenated at 1 atm and at ambient temperature for 20 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography to afford 6-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione (0.07 g, 40%): MS (ES+) m/z 323.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.32 25 Synthesis of 4'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 294

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A mixture of 4'-bromo-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'/-/)-one (5.38 g, 9.96 mmol), triethylsilane (7.93 mL, 49.8 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (25.9 mL, 348 mmol) was heated at 75 °C for 8 h. 5 The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated in diethyl ether, purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 25% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichioromethane to afford 4'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1 '/7)-one (1.79 g, 48%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) Ώδ 10.89 (s, 10 1H), 7.27 (dd, J= 7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J= 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J= 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 5.98 (s, 1H), 5.63 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.12 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 176.3, 148.7, 145.1, 144.3, 139.1, 133.0, 128.7, 126.8, 120.0, 112.6, 112.2, 110.2, 105.4, 87.7, 77.6, 64.7, 64.3; MS (ES+) m/z 359.6 (M+1), 361.6 (M+1). EXAMPLE 3.33 15 Synthesis of 4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'/-/)-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002214.tif" id="idf0214" />

A solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'/-/)-one (1.18 g, 2.45 mmol) and triethylsilane (1.21 20 g, 9.84 mmol) in trifluoroacetic acid (20 mL) was heated at 65 °C for 16 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo . The residue was recrystallized from Λ/,Λ/'-dimethylformamide/water to afford 4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'/-/)-one (0.65 g, 84%) as a colourless solid: mp 282-285 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 10.83 (s, 1H), 7.30 25 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 5.9 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 4.71 (dd, J= 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (dd, J= 5.3, 3.2 Hz, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 176.3, 160.9 (d, 1 JC-f = 244 Hz), 147.0, 143.3 (d, 2JC.F = 96.3 Hz), 135.5, 131.9, 131.2 (d, 4JC.F = 2.9 Hz), 128.6, 128.5, 123.2 (d, 2JC.F = 120 Hz), 116.4 (d, 3JC-f = 22.8 Hz), 115.1, 108.2, 103.3, 74.3, 64.2, 63.7; MS (ES+) m/z 313.1 295 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.34

Synthesis of 4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3- 10 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (99%) as a light yellow solid: mp 221-224 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.79 (s, 1H), 8.41 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 1H), 7.75-7.68 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.84 (s, 1H), 4.42 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.25 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.25-4.05 15 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 179.0, 155.1, 150.5, 146.9, 144.6, 142.6, 138.3, 136.4, 135.5, 131.8, 130.1, 129.5, 129.1, 128.6, 127.3, 127.0, 124.8, 123.0, 111.2, 110.4, 98.9, 78.27, 64.7, 64.2, 58.4; MS (ES+) m/z 422.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.35

Synthesis of 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002216.tif" id="idf0216" />

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 296 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (74%) as 5 an off-white solid: mp 243-246 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.638.53 (m, 2H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.74-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.57-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.36-7.19 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.96 (s, 1H), 5.28 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.34 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 150.3, 149.6, 147.2, 144.8, 142.7, 10 138.2, 137.2, 136.3, 135.7, 131.2, 130.4, 129.7, 129.2, 128.0, 126.9, 128.0, 126.9, 125.6, 122.9, 122.7, 121.8, 111.3, 109.5, 99.6, 64.6, 64.1, 58.4, 46.3; MS (ES+) m/z 463.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.36

Synthesis of 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile

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To a suspension of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile (1.9 g, 4.4 mmol) in triethylsilane (5.0 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (10.0 mL). The solution was heated at reflux for 6 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo to obtain 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1- 20 benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile (0.86 g, 74%) as a colorless solid which was carried forward without purification MS (ES+) m/z 263.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.37

Synthesis of 5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

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To a suspension of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.33 g, 0.70 mmol) in triethylsilane (2 mL) was added trifluoroacetic acid (5 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C for 16 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo to afford 5'- 25 297 methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.21 g, 60%): MS (ES+) m/z 309.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.38

Synthesis of 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)- 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 313.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.39

Synthesis of 7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one 15

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20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one was obtained (68%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 293.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.40

Synthesis of spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5'-dioxide

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298

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5'-dioxide to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5' 5 dioxide was obtained (43%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 11.0110.88 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.40-6.96 (m, 6H), 6.40-6.30 (m, 1H), 5.07-4.80 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 165.5, 141.8, 135.1, 131.6, 130.1, 128.9, 128.1, 127.2, 126.5, 124.8, 124.0, 123.3, 111.3, 110.9, 80.9, 56.7; MS (ES+) m/z 325.8 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 3.41

Synthesis of spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]- 15 2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one, spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (88%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt;220 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 11.69 (s, 1H), 8.96-8.89 (m, 1H), 8.47-8.40 (m, 1H), 8.16-7.70 (m, 4H), 5.93 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 280.0 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 3.42

Synthesis of 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 25 variations using 6-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2- f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2- 299 f1[1,41benzodioxine-9,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: mp 255-257 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 10.66 (s, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92-6.85 (m, 2H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H), 4.14-3.92 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 151.0, 141.6, 5 138.9, 138.1, 131.0, 128.7, 123.5, 122.2, 117.3, 117.1, 109.6, 104.8, 81.1, 64.4, 63.6, 57.3; MS (ES+) m/z 330.1 (M + 1), 332.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.43

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f1[1,41benzodioxine-9,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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Η 10 15 20 6-chloro-1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-/1[1,41benzodioxine-9,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (2.1 g, 4.24 mmol) was suspended in methanol (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (80 mL) in a steel bomb and palladium on carbon (20% w/w, 0.45 g) was added. The bomb was pressurized with hydrogen gas (120 psi) and the mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue triturated with ethyl acetate to afford 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f1[1,41benzodioxine-9,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.522 g, 42%) as a colorless solid: mp 259-261 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.27-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.096.88 (m, 3H), 6.70 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.59 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.12-3.90 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 181.0, 157.5, 142.4, 141.3, 139.6, 133.9, 129.8, 124.5, 124.0, 119.0, 117.1, 111.0, 102.9, 82.4, 66.0, 65.2, 59.1; MS (ES+) m/z 296.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.44

Synthesis of 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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To a solution of 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (6.06 g, 13.8 mmol) in methanol (100 mL), ethyl acetate (25 mL) and acetic acid (1 mL) in a steel bomb was added palladium on carbon (20% w/w, 2.0 g). The 25 300 bomb was pressurized with hydrogen (50 psi) and the reaction mixture was heated at 65 °C for 16 h. The reaction mixture allowed to cool to ambient temperature and was filtered through a pad of diatomaceous earth. The pad was washed with ethyl acetate (15 mL) and methanol (50 mL). The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo and the residue 5 was triturated in methanol to afford 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.63 g, 96%) as a colorless solid. mp &gt; 200 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00 (s, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (dd, J = 9.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.7, 156.70 (d, JC-F = 10.9 Hz), 151.3 (dd, 10 JC-F = 248.7, 14.3 Hz), 145.7 (dd, JC-F = 241.6, 13.8 Hz), 140.3, 131.6, 129.4, 124.0, 123.7, 123.4 (dd, JC-F = 6.3, 3.1 Hz), 111.9 (d, JC-F = 20.4 Hz), 110.7, 100.1 (d, JC-F = 22.4 Hz), 80.7, 58.4; MS (ES+) m/z 274.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.45

Synthesis of 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1-(diphenylmethyl)-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-

20 b]furan]-2(1H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 230 oC; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.13 (s, 1H), 7.33-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 2.76-2.72 (m, 2H), 2.58-2.56 (m, 2H), 1.71 (t, J = 3.2 Hz, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 180.5, 158.7, 140.4, 139.0, 132.9, 130.2, 128.8, 25 126.0, 124.1, 123.6, 123.3, 110.3, 110.2, 79.6, 58.6, 30.0, 29.0, 23.2, 23.0; MS (ES+) m/z 292.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.46

Synthesis of 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 301

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (69%): mp 172-174 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.06 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.97-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.89-6.82 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.03-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.35 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 312.0 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 3.47

Synthesis of 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (30%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.38 (s, 1H), 7.24-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.157.07 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.96-6.88 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.61 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.43-6.35 (m, 1H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H), 4.13-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.67 (m, 2H), 3.42 (s, 1H). EXAMPLE 3.48

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'- 302 indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1 H)-one was obtained (30%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) Ίδ 10.56 (s, 1H), 7.23 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 0.5 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.2 5 Hz, 1H), 6.99-6.90 (m, 2H), 6.21 (ABq, 2H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 4.26 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.3, 148.7, 144.5, 141.8, 132.3, 129.2, 128.6, 123.8, 122.5, 122.2, 114.1, 109.7, 80.2, 64.1, 63.9, 57.7; MS (ES+) m/z 295.9 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 3.49

Synthesis of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one

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H 15 20

To a solution of 6'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one (1.9 g, 4.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (40 mL) and trifluoroacetic acid (40 mL) was added at ambient temperature trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (1.8 mL, 20 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and concentrated in vacuo. Water was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic extracts were washed with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate and water, dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with 50% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one (0.65 g, 44%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.86 (s, 1H), 9.06 (s, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.68 (s, 2H), 4.19-4.01 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 353.1 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 3.50

Synthesis of 4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical 303 variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%): 5 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.42 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 6.15 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 4.58 (ABq, 2H), 4.17-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.72 (s, 3H), 3.58 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 356.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 3.51

Synthesis of spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 3 and making non-critical variations using 1'-(diphenylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1'-(diphenylmethyl)-6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (22%): mp 15 206-207 °C (ethyl acetate /hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 10.78 (s, 1H), 8.68-8.61 (m, 2H), 8.06 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.21-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.03-6.86 (m, 3H), 6.96 (ABq, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 289.8 (M+1). EXAMPLE 4

Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 20 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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A mixture of 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one (0.28 g, 1.0 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran (0.36 g, 2.0 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.00 g, 3.0 mmol) was stirred in butanone at 80 °C for 3 h. Upon 25 cooling to ambient temperature, the reaction mixture was filtered, and the filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was subjected to column chromatography with ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:5 - 1:1) to afford 1'-(tetrahydro-2H- 304

pyran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.31 g, 82%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) 1δ 7.38 - 6.94 (m, 4H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s,1H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.50 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.01 -3.61 (m, 4H), 3.37 (t, J = 11.1 Hz, 1H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 1.97-1.27 (m, 6H); 13C 5 NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3)^ 178.1 (2C), 161.7 (2C), 161.3, 161.2, 143.2, 143.1, 132.8, 132.7, 128.6 (2C), 123.5, 123.1, 123.1, 120.6, 120.5, 119.8 (2C), 119.0, 118.9, 109.7, 93.2, 93.1, 80.6, 75.7, 75.5, 72.3, 68.4 (2C), 57.7, 57.6, 45.8, 45.7, 29.6, 29.5, 29.1, 25.8, 23.0; MS (ES+) m/z 378.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.1 10 Synthesis of 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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A mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.05 g, 3.73 mmol), 4-bromobenzyl bromide (1.21 g, 4.84 mmol) and cesium carbonate (1.84 g, 5.65 mmol) in 2-butanone (25 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The

15 mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (9:1, increased to 1:1) to afford 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.42 g, 84%) as a colorless solid: mp 148-150 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.48 (d, J 20 = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 5.88 (s, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 156.1, 149.1, 142.5, 141.9, 134.9, 132.3, 132.2, 129.3,

129.1, 124.2, 123.8, 122.0, 119.4, 109.3, 103.1, 101.7, 93.8, 80.6, 58.4, 43.7; MS 25 (ES+) m/z 452.0 (M + 1), 450.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.2

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 305

O

O 10

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N r

Cl N.

CH

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(2-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (42%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ 7.42-7.01 (m, 4H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.03 (ABq, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDChP δ 177.7, 162.0, 161.4, 141.7, 141.7, 132.0, 129.1, 124.2, 124.0, 123.8, 120.1, 119.8, 119.6, 118.8, 110.5, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 37.8, 31.0, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 408.0 (M + 1), 410.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.3

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002236.tif" id="idf0236" />

15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (30%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) 1δ 7.31-6.98 (m, 4H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.69 (m, 4H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.64 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.3, 161.7, 161.3, 142.8, 132.8, 128.7, 123.6, 123.2, 120.5, 119.8, 118.9, 109.6, 93.2, 80.7, 76.8, 72.4, 68.2, 57.7, 44.6, 29.1, 29.0, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 364.1 (M + 1). 20 306 EXAMPLE 4.4

Synthesis of 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002237.tif" id="idf0237" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (58%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.36-6.84 (m, 4H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.88-3.64 10 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.90 (m, 2H), 1.75-1.54 (m, 3H), 0.99 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 161.7, 161.3, 142.4, 133.1, 128.7, 123.9, 123.1, 120.4, 119.8, 118.8, 108.5, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 38.8, 36.2, 29.1, 26.1, 22.6, 22.5; MS (ES+) m/z 350.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.5 15 Synthesis of 1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002238.tif" id="idf0238" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (S)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 20 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran,1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (56%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.48 (d, J = 1.51 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.50 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.32-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.64 (m, 4H), 2.96 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.63 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25 178.3, 178.2, 161.7, 161.3, 142.9, 142.9, 142.8, 132.8, 132.7, 128.7, 128.7, 123.7, 307 123.6, 123.2, 119.0, 118.9, 109.6, 109.5, 93.1, 80.7, 80.7, 76.9, 76.8, 72.4, 68.3, 68.2, 57.7, 57.7, 44.7, 44.6, 29.3, 29.1 (2C), 25.7, 25.6; MS (ES+) m/z 364.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.6

Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-5 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002239.tif" id="idf0239" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-5,6- 10 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (69%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-6.85 (m, 4H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.97 (ABq, 2H), 3.77-3.52 (m, 2H), 3.403.28 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.38 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 161.8, 161.4, 142.8, 132.8, 128.8, 124.1, 123.3, 120.2, 119.9, 15 118.8, 108.6, 93.3, 80.8, 72.4, 67.5, 57.7, 46.1, 33.9, 30.8, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 378.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.7

Synthesis of methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002240.tif" id="idf0240" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using methyl 5-(chloromethyl)furan-2-carboxylate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate was obtained (70%) as a 20 308 colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ □ 7.28-6.23 (m, 5H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 3.49 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.05-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 161.9, 161.3, 158.8, 153.5, 144.2, 141.4, 132.6, 128.9, 124.0, 123.8, 120.1, 120.0, 119.0, 110.2, 5 109.0, 93.2, 80.5, 72.4, 57.7, 52.0, 37.4, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 418.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.8

Synthesis of 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002241.tif" id="idf0241" />

O \

A 10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(iodomethyl)-1,4-dioxane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (48%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.45 (d, J =8.1Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 4.65 (ABq, 15 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.99-3.33 (m, 9H), 3.05-2.85 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.2, 178.1, 161.8, 161.8, 161.3, 161.2, 142.6, 132.7, 132.6, 128.8, 128.7, 123.8, 123.7, 123.4, 120.3, 120.2, 120.0, 119.9, 118.9, 118.8, 109.5, 109.3, 93.2, 80.6, 80.5, 73.2, 72.4, 69.3, 69.2, 66.7, 66.6, 66.4, 57.6, 41.7 (2C), 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 380.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 4.9

Synthesis of 1'-{[1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl1methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002242.tif" id="idf0242" />

25 variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazole to replace 2- 309 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-{[1-methyl-3-(trifluoromethyl)-1H-pyrazol-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (32%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.296.84 (m, 4H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.89 (s, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 5 Hz, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 161.9, 161.4, 141.6, 139.9, 139.4, 138.9, 138.4, 132.5, 131.9, 128.9, 124.1, 123.7, 123.4, 120.0, 119.9, 119.8, 118.8, 115.4, 108.8, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.6, 39.7, 34.0, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 442.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.10 10 Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002243.tif" id="idf0243" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2 15 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (45%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42-6.83 (m, 4H), 6.44 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.88 (dd, J = 8.9, 1.9 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.89-3.24 (m, 6H), 3.08-2.86 (m, 2H), 2.26-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.29 (m, 20 5H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 178.0, 161.8, 161.4, 161.3, 142.5, 142.4, 132.8, 132.8, 128.8, 124.0 (2C), 123.4, 120.2, 120.1, 120.0, 119.9, 118.8 (2C), 108.6, 93.2, 93.2, 80.8, 72.4 (2C), 71.2, 71.0, 68.5, 68.4, 57.7 (2C), 42.5, 42.4, 34.8, 29.1, 27.5, 27.4, 25.1, 24.8; MS (ES+) m/z 378.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.11 25 Synthesis of methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate 310

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002244.tif" id="idf0244" />

(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-5 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.17 (s, 1H), 7.27-6.91 (m, 4H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.12 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 161.9, 161.2 (2C), 159.2, 145.0, 141.0, 133.6, 132.5, 129.0, 124.1, 120.1, 119.9, 199.1, 108.8, 93.2, 80.5, 72.4, 10 57.7, 52.3, 37.2, 29.0. EXAMPLE 4.12

Synthesis of 1'-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002245.tif" id="idf0245" />

15 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-(bromomethyl)-2-fluorobenzene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(2-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-6.81 (m, 8H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 5.02 (ABq, 2H), 20 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.08-2.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) □ δ 178.0, 162.3, 161.9, 161.4, 159.0, 141.9, 132.7, 129.7, 129.7 (2C), 129.6, 128.9, 124.7, 124.6, 123.9, 123.5, 122.9, 122.7, 120.2, 120.0, 119.0, 115.8, 115.5, 109.1, 109.0, 93.3, 80.7, 72.4, 57.8, 37.6, 37.5, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 387.9 (M + 1). 311 EXAMPLE 4.13

Synthesis of 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002246.tif" id="idf0246" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-(bromomethyl)-4-fluorobenzene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) Ίδ 7.41-6.94 (m, 7H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s,

10 1H), 4.91 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (Abq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.08-2.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) Ίδ 178.0, 164.0, 161.9, 161.4, 160.7, 141.9, 132.8, 131.7, 131.6, 129.3, 129.2, 128.7, 124.0, 123.5, 120.2, 120.0, 118.8, 116.0, 115.7, 109.1, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 43.5, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 387.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.14 15 Synthesis of 1'-benzyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002247.tif" id="idf0247" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using benzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1' 20 benzyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) Ίδ 7.43-6.96 (m, 8H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.96 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) Ίδ 178.0, 161.8, 161.4, 142.2, 135.8, 132.8, 128.9, 128.7, 127.8, 127.4, 123.9, 123.4, 120.3, 120.0, 118.9, 25 109.3, 93.3, 80.7, 72.4, 57.8, 44.2, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 369.9 (M + 1). 312 EXAMPLE 4.15

Synthesis of 1'-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002248.tif" id="idf0248" />

10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(chloromethyl)biphenyl to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(biphenyl-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (39%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) Ώδ 7.67-6.81 (m, 13H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.86 (ABq, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.09-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) Ώδ 178.0, 161.9, 161.4, 142.1, 140.8, 140.5, 134.8, 132.8, 128.8, 127.9, 127.6, 127.5, 127.1, 123.9, 123.5, 120.3, 120.0, 118.9, 109.3, 93.3, 80.7, 72.4, 57.8, 43.9, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 445.9 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.16

Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002249.tif" id="idf0249" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-(bromomethyl)tetrahydrofuran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) Ώδ 7.39-6.89 (m, 4H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.01-3.54 (m, 6H), 3.04-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.89-2.75 (m, 1H), 2.10-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.68 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) Ώδ 178.1, 178.0, 161.8, 161.3, 142.4 20 313 (2C), 132.8 (2C), 128.8, 124.0 (2C), 123.4, 120.2, 120.1, 119.9 (2C), 118.7, 118.6, 108.4, 108.3, 93.2 (2C), 80.6, 72.3, 71.1, 70.9, 67.6, 67.5, 57.6, 42.8, 42.7, 38.0 (2C), 29.8 (2C), 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 364.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.17 5 Synthesis of 1'-[(3-bromoisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Br

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)isoxazole to replace 2 10 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(3-bromoisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (58%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.36-6.88 (m, 4H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 5.05 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) 1δ 178.1, 161.7, 161.2, 142.8, 132.6, 128.6, 123.6, 15 123.2, 120.3, 119.8, 118.8, 109.4, 93.1, 80.6, 76.9, 72.3, 68.2, 57.6, 44.6, 29.2, 29.0, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 438.7 (M + 1), 440 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.18

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Br

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-bromo-5-(bromomethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (94%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, 20 314 CDCl3) ΏΏδ 7.33-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.28 (dd, J = 23.3, 3.3 Hz, 2H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.88 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCh) Ώδ 177.4, 161.8, 161.2, 151.0, 141.5, 132.7, 128.7, 123.8, 123.6, 121.6, 120.1, 119.9, 118.9, 112.3, 111.4, 109.0, 93.2, 80.4, 72.4, 57.6, 37.0, 5 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z : 437.7 (M + 1), 439.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.19

Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002250.tif" id="idf0250" />

10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydrofuran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (64%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) ΏΏδ 7.37-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.48 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 15 4.50 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.31-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.65 (m, 4H), 2.96 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.64 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCh) Ώδ 178.3, 178.2, 161.7, 161.2, 142.8 (2C), 132.7, 132.6, 128.7, 123.6, 123.2, 120.4 (2C), 119.8, 118.9 (2C), 109.5, 109.4, 93.1, 80.7, 80.6, 76.9, 76.8, 72.3, 68.2, 68.1, 57.6 (2C), 44.6, 44.5, 29.2, 29.0, 25.6, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 363.8 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 4.20

Synthesis of 1'-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 25 variations using oxetan-2-ylmethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- 315 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(oxetan-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (28%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.41 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.044.90 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.30 (m, 4H), 4.08-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.91 (t, J = 8.6 5 Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.33 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 177.8, 161.5, 161.0 (2C), 143.5, 143.4, 132.5, 132.4, 129.0, 128.9, 123.8, 123.7, 123.3, 121.0 (2C), 120.3, 119.3, 119.2, 110.3, 110.2, 92.9 (2C), 80.3 (2C), 79.8, 79.6, 72.5, 68.0, 57.3 (2C), 45.8 (2C), 28.8, 28.7, 25.0, 24.7; MS (ES+) m/z 349.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.21 10 Synthesis of 1'-[(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-3-ium chloride to replace 2 15 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(1-ethyl-1H-imidazol-5-yl)methyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-6.95 (m, 4H), 6.41 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.04-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.80-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.30 (m, 4H), 4.08-3.76 (m, 2H), 2.91 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 2.70-2.56 (m, 1H), 2.44-2.33 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 20 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 177.8, 161.5, 161.0 (2C), 143.5, 143.4, 132.5, 132.4, 129.0, 128.9, 123.8, 123.7, 123.3, 121.0 (2C), 120.3, 119.3, 119.2, 110.3, 110.2, 92.9 (2C), 80.3 (2C), 79.8, 79.6, 72.5, 68.0, 57.3 (2C), 45.8 (2C), 28.8, 28.7, 25.0, 24.7; MS (ES+) m/z 349.8. EXAMPLE 4.22 25 Synthesis of 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzonitrile 316

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one (0.97 g, 3.46 mmol) in 2-butanone (25 mL) were added cesium carbonate (3.39 g, 10.39 mmol) and α-bromo-m-tolunitrile (0.85 g, 4.33 mmol). The mixture was heated 5 to reflux for 2 h, cooled to ambient temperature, and filtered. The solid was washed with ethyl acetate. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, the residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate-hexanes (1:5 - 1:1), followed by recrystallization from ethyl acetate and diethyl ether to afford 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzonitrile (1.26 g, 10 92%) as a colorless solid: mp 187-193 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.61-7.58 (m, 3H), 7.47-7.44 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.71 (m, 1H), 6.436.41 (m, 2H), 5.11-4.70 (m, 4H), 4.53 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 3.09-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 162.0, 161.4, 141.5, 137.5, 132.6, 131.9, 131.6, 130.7, 129.9, 128.9, 124.3, 123.9, 120.2, 119.9, 118.7, 118.4, 113.1, 108.8, 93.4, 80.5, 72.5, 15 57.7, 43.4, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 394.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.23

Synthesis of 4-((2'-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)methyl)benzonitrile

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20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4.22 and making non critical variations using 4-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile to replace α-bromo-m-tolunitrile, 4-((2'-oxo-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indoline]-1'- yl)methyl)benzonitrile was obtained (88%) as a colorless solid: mp 69-71 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73-7.56 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.00 25 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.47-6.38 (m, 2H), 4.99 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 395.0 (M + 1). 317 EXAMPLE 4.24

Synthesis of 4'-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carbonitrile

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5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-bromomethyl-2-cyanobiphenyl to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 4'-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]biphenyl-2-carbonitrile was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-194 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ7.74 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 10 7.63 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.6, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.39 (m, 6H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.09-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 161.9, 161.4, 144.8, 142.1, 137.7, 133.9, 133.0, 132.8, 130.1, 129.3, 128.9, 127.8, 124.0,

15 123.6, 120.2, 120.0, 119.0, 118.7, 111.1, 109.3, 93.3, 80.7, 72.4, 57.8, 43.9, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 471.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.25

Synthesis of 1'-{(2S)-2-[(benzyloxy)methoxy]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-

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2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-{(2S)-2-[(benzyloxy)methoxy]propyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (61%) as a 318 colorless solid: mp 49-52 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3,)(diastereomers) δ 7.36-7.22 (m, 4H), 7.20-6.99 (m, 5H), 6.44 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.61 (m, 4H), 4.56-4.33 (m, 4H), 4.28-4.13 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.70 (m, 2H), 1.29 (dd, J = 6.1, 3.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.1, 161.6 (2), 143.0 5 (2), 137.6 (2), 132.7 (2), 128.7 (2), 128.5, 127.8 (2), 127.6 (2), 123.8 (2), 123.2 (2), 120.3 (2), 119.9 (2), 119.0, 109.6 (2), 93.2 (2), 93.0 (2), 80.7 (2), 72.4 (2), 71.5 (2), 69.5 (2), 57.6 (2), 46.2 (2), 29.0 (2), 18.3 (2); MS (ES+) m/z 479.9 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.26

Synthesis of 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 10 b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one

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variations using 6-(bromomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b1[1,41dioxine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-5,6- 15 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (86%) as a colorless solid: mp 173-175 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.02 Hz, 1H), 6.86-6.80 (m, 4H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 15.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 20 4.24 (s, 4H), 3.09-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.9, 161.4, 143.8, 143.3, 142.3, 132.9, 129.1, 128.8, 123.9, 123.4, 120.6, 120.4, 120.0, 119.1, 117.7, 116.5, 109.5, 93.3, 80.8, 72.5, 64.45, 64.41, 57.8, 43.7, 29.2; MS (ES+) m/z 428.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.27 25 Synthesis of 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one 319

O

O

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O

N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(bromomethyl)-2,1,3-benzoxadiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6- 5 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-171 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.06 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 8.01 (s, 1H), 7.49 (dd, J = 9.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.12-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.14-4.97 (m, 2H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.35 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.82 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.9, 10 161.7, 161.2, 149.3, 148.9, 142.4, 141.8, 133.2, 132.7, 129.2, 124.2, 123.8, 120.9, 120.4, 119.4, 117.3, 113.5, 109.8, 93.0, 80.4, 72.6, 65.4, 57.4, 43.7, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 411.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.28

Synthesis of 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 15 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(bromomethyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-5,6- 20 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: mp 162-164 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.12-8.04 (m, 2H), 7.63 (dd, J = 9.3, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.09 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.23-5.05 (m, 2H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 320 4.73 (d, J = 9.5 Hz, 1H), 4.55-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.04-2.82 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.8, 161.7, 161.2, 154.7, 154.2, 142.5, 139.0, 132.6, 130.2, 129.2, 124.2, 123.7, 122.3, 120.9, 120.4, 119.6, 119.3, 109.9, 93.0, 80.3, 72.6, 57.5, 43.5, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 427.9 (M + 1). 5 EXAMPLE 4.29

Synthesis of 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 10 variations using 4-benzyl-2-(chloromethyl)morphine to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (10%) as a colorless solid: mp 65-70 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35-7.00 (m, 9H), 6.496.39 (m, 2H), 4.92-4.84 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.49 (m, 3H), 3.93-3.42 (m, 7H), 3.02-2.54 (m, 15 4H), 2.22-2.00 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 469.1(M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.30

Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo-[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

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20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical

variations using tert-butyl 3-(bromomethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo-[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (85%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.30 (dd, J 25 = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.2, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 321 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.95-3.44 (m, 3H), 3.41-3.27 (m, 1H), 3.24-3.13 (m, 1H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.82-2.68 (m, 1H), 2.05-1.92 (m, 1H), 1.82-1.69 (m, 1H), 1.46 (s, 9H), 0.93-0.85 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 485.3 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.31 5 Synthesis of tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

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BOC

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4.22 and making noncritical variations using (S)-tert-butyl 2-(tosyloxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (Fuji, 10 K., et al., J. Am. Chem. Soc. (1989), 111(20):7921-5) to replace a-bromo-m-tolunitrile, tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.37-7.25 (m, 2H), 7.20-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.54-6.41 (m, 2H), 4.96-4.88 (m, 1H), 4.70-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.534 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.527 (t, J = 15 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.85 (m, 1H), 3.80-3.67 (m, 1H), 3.49-3.22 (m, 2H), 3.05-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.77 (m, 4H), 1.48 (s, 4.5H), 1.42 (s, 4.5H); MS (ES+) m/z 485.1 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.32

Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 20 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using tert-butyl 4-(tosyloxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 25 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 322 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (d, J = 14.0, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 3.08-2.92 (m, 2H), 2.75-2.61 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.60 (m, 2H), 5 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.33-1.22 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 499.2 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.33

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: mp 166-169 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.01 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.82 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.34 (m, 2H), 5.11 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.81 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.60 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 162.2, 162.0, 151.6, 143.1, 141.8 (q, J = 43.0 Hz), 131.6, 130.0, 128.7, 124.6, 118.8 (q, J = 267.1 Hz), 119.7, 118.4, 117.1, 112.7, 109.5, 107.2, 92.9, 77.1, 72.4, 58.2, 37.1, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 461.9 (M + 1), 463.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.34

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-25 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002263.tif" id="idf0263" />

323

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 4'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 78-82 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.32-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.056.92 (m, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 4.96 (dd, J = 9.1, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.59 (m, 1H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 2.12-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.76-1.61 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.0 (2), 162.1 (2), 162.0, 144.7, 131.1 (2), 129.8 (2), 128.7 (2), 123.9, 119.4 (2), 118.4 (2), 117.5 (2), 108.1 (2), 92.9, 77.5, 76.9 (2), 72.3, 68.2 (2), 58.1 (2), 44.9 (2), 29.1 (2), 29.0 (2), 25.6 (2); MS (ES+) m/z 397.9 (M + 1), 399.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.35

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002264.tif" id="idf0264" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4'-bromo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (75%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-141 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) (diastereomers) δ 7.307.10 (m, 3H), 6.42-6.37 (m, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.63 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.46 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.18-4.05 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.52 (m, 4H), 2.93 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.01-1.67 (m, 3H), 1.64-1.49 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.5 (2), 162.2, 161.8, 145.7, 130.9, 130.2 (2), 126.6, 119.9 (2), 119.0 (2), 118.9 (2), 118.1, 92.5, 77.5, 76.3, 76.1, 72.5, 67.7 (2), 65.4, 58.7, 44.5, 29.0 (2), 28.7, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1), 445.9 (M + 1). 324 EXAMPLE 4.36

Synthesis of 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002265.tif" id="idf0265" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(3-methylbutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was 10 obtained (64%) as a colorless solid: mp 134-137 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.89-3.80 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.63 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.59 (m, 3H), 1.00 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 15 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 155.4, 144.6, 142.5, 138.3, 132.8, 128.9, 124.0, 123.2, 121.3, 111.6, 108.6, 99.4, 80.2, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 38.9, 36.3, 26.2, 22.7, 22.6; MS (ES+) m/z 366.3 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C22H23NO4: C, 72.31; H, 6.34; N, 3.83; Found: C, 72.21; H, 6.31; N, 3.55. EXAMPLE 4.37 20 Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002266.tif" id="idf0266" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 25 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 4- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'- 325 (tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 129-131 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 (ddd, J = 7.9, 7.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 2H), 4.03-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.74 (dd, J = 13.8, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 3.55 (dd, J = 13.8, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.42-3.30 (m, 2H), 2.20-2.03 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.56 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.40 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 144.7, 142.8, 138.4, 132.5, 128.9, 124.2, 123.4, 121.1, 111.5, 108.7, 99.5, 80.4, 67.6, 67.5, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 46.2, 34.0, 30.93, 30.86; MS (ES+) m/z 394.2 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C23H23NO5: C, 70.21; H, 5.89; N, 3.56; Found: C, 70.15; H, 5.92; N, 3.20. EXAMPLE 4.38

Synthesis of 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002267.tif" id="idf0267" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (45%) as a colorless solid: mp 158-166 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.31-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 0.5H), 6.22 (s, 0.5H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 0.5H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 0.5H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 0.5H), 4.63 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 0.5H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.93 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.82 (m, 1H), 3.74-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.33 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.81 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.31 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 177.89, 177.80, 155.30, 155.27, 144.61, 143.25, 143.11, 138.34, 132.46, 132.35, 128.78, 128.73, 123.66, 123.64, 123.19, 123.17, 121.51, 121.45, 111.76, 111.62, 109.90, 109.77, 99.41, 99.36, 80.14, 75.75, 75.58, 68.57, 68.53, 64.63, 64.02, 58.08, 58.04, 45.83, 45.77, 29.70, 29.57, 25.88, 23.13; MS (ES+) m/z 394.2 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C23H23NO5: C, 70.21; H, 5.89; N, 3.56; Found: C, 70.03; H, 5.97; N, 3.17. 326 EXAMPLE 4.39

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002268.tif" id="idf0268" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]- 10 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained

(94%) as a colorless solid: mp 91-95 °C (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (dd, J = 7.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J 15 = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.59 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 155.4, 144.8, 141.9, 141.7, 138.5, 131.6, 129.3, 124.8, 124.0, 123.8, 120.7, 119.5, 111.5, 110.7, 99.6, 80.3, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 38.2, 31.0; MS (ES+) m/z 426.2 (M + 1), 424.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.40 20 Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002269.tif" id="idf0269" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.28 and making noncritical variations using 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3- 25 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1-methyl-1'- 327 {[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: 207-208 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- 5 d6) δ 7.80 (s, 1H), 7.40 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.31 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.30 (s, 2H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.15 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.70 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 154.8, 144.2, 141.8, 141.7, 137.9, 132.1, 128.6, 123.6, 123.5, 121.0, 120.9, 118.0, 111.9, 109.8, 98.6, 79.9, 64.2, 63.6, 10 57.3, 35.8, 31.9; MS (ES+) m/z 426.2 (M + 1), 424.2 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C22H18ClN3O4-HCl-H2O: C, 55.24; H, 4.43; N, 8.78; Found: C, 55.51; H, 4.18; N, 8.58. EXAMPLE 4.41

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002270.tif" id="idf0270" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 20 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 208-209 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.15 (m, 4H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.21 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.68 25 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.10 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 155.6, 155.3, 149.6, 144.6, 142.2, 138.3, 137.1, 132.2, 128.9, 123.8, 123.5, 122.8, 121.6, 121.1, 111.8, 109.6, 99.4, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.2, 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 387.2 (M + 1). 328 EXAMPLE 4.42

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002271.tif" id="idf0271" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 2.28 and making non critical variations using 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzo-dioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 1-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydro-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 10 hydrochloride was obtained (89%) as a pale yellow powder: mp 206-208 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (dd, J = 4.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 8.13 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.65-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.26 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 5.24 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 15 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 154.7, 153.5, 146.2, 144.2, 142.2, 141.2, 137.8, 131.9, 128.8, 124.2, 123.6, 123.23, 123.21, 121.2, 111.7, 109.3, 98.7, 79.5, 64.2, 63.6, 57.3, 43.3; MS (ES+) m/z 387.2 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C23H18N2O4-HCl-0.3H2O: C, 64.42; H, 4.62; N, 6.53; Found: C, 64.72; H, 4.55; N, 6.13. EXAMPLE 4.43 20 Synthesis of 1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002272.tif" id="idf0272" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 25 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (S)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(2S)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3- 329 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (69%) as a colorless solid: mp 173-175 °C (methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.32-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.67 (m, 4H), 2.09-1.66 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.1, 177.9, 155.3, 144.6, 143.0, 142.9, 138.4, 132.4, 132.3, 128.9, 128.8, 123.8, 123.7, 123.3, 121.4, 121.3, 111.7, 111.6, 109.8, 109.5, 99.4, 80.3, 80.2, 77.1, 76.8, 68.35, 68.31, 64.6, 64.0, 58.09, 58.06, 44.7, 29.4, 29.0, 25.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 380.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.44

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002273.tif" id="idf0273" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%) as a colorless solid: mp 174-176 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.32-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.67 (m, 4H), 2.09-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.66 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.1, 177.9, 155.3, 144.6, 143.0, 142.9, 138.4, 132.4, 132.3, 128.9, 128.8, 123.8, 123.7, 123.3, 121.4, 121.3, 111.7, 111.6, 109.8, 109.5, 99.4, 80.29, 80.26, 77.1, 76.8, 68.4, 68.3, 64.6, 64.0, 58.10, 58.08, 44.7, 29.4, 29.1, 25.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 380.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.45

Synthesis of 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 330

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002274.tif" id="idf0274" />

A mixture of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.30 g, 1.03 mmol), 2-(iodomethyl)-1,4-dioxane (0.31 g, 1.35 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.52 g, 1.58 mmol) in 2-butanone (7 mL) was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 4 h. Once cooled, the reaction was diluted with ethyl acetate and the suspension was filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/ diethyl ether (14:1) to afford 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one as an inseparable mixture with unreacted lactam (0.36 g). A mixture of this material, benzyl bromide (0.12 mL, 1.00 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.50 g, 1.55 mmol) in 2-butanone (7 mL) was then stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 15 h. Work-up as described above and purified by flash column chromatography with (hexanes/ethyl acetate) (2:1, increased to 1:1) afforded 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.24 g, 58%) as a colorless solid, along with 1'-benzyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one (0.09 g, 24%) as a colorless solid. Characterization for 1'-(1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one: mp 160-165 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.26-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.01-7.09 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 0.5H), 6.21 (s, 0.5H), 4.88 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 0.5 Hz), 4.87 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 0.5H), 4.64 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 0.5H), 4.63 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 0.5H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.76-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.47-3.37 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 177.9, 177.8, 156.3, 155.3, 144.71, 144.69, 142.72, 142.66, 138.42, 138.39, 132.4, 132.3, 128.91, 128.85, 123.9, 123.8, 123.5, 121.3, 121.1, 111.7, 111.6, 109.6, 109.4, 99.49, 99.46, 80.2, 80.0, 73.32, 73.29, 69.4, 69.2, 66.8, 66.7, 66.52, 66.48, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 58.0, 41.85, 41.76; MS (ES+) m/z 396.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.46

Synthesis of 1'-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one 331 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002275.tif" id="idf0275" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 3,4-dimethoxybenzyl bromide (Oguri, T., et al., Chem. Pharm. Bull. (1977), 25:2287-91) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(3,4-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (100%) as a colorless solid: mp 209-211 °C (hexanes/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92-6.80 (m, 4H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.09 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.86 (s, 3H), 3.84 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 149.5, 148.8, 144.7, 142.2, 138.4, 132.4, 128.9, 128.4, 124.0, 123.5, 121.3, 120.0, 111.5, 111.2, 110.5, 109.5, 99.6, 80.1, 64.6, 64.0, 58.2, 56.02, 55.99, 44.1; MS (ES+) m/z 446.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.47

Synthesis of 1'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-

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replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 3,5-dimethoxybenzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(3,5-dimethoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (97%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-195 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H 25 NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.23-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 332 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 2H), 6.37 (t, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.76 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 161.3, 155.4, 144.7, 142.2, 138.5, 138.2, 132.3, 129.0, 123.9, 123.5, 5 121.2, 111.6, 109.5, 105.4, 99.8, 99.6, 80.2, 64.6, 64.0, 58.2, 55.5, 44.3; MS (ES+) m/z 446.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.48

Synthesis of 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002277.tif" id="idf0277" />

variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 6-(bromomethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (Capilla, A.S. et al., Tetrahedron, 15 (2001), 57:8297-304) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(2,3-dihydro- 1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (100%) as a colorless solid: mp 120-123 °C (hexanes/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.4, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.85-6.79 (m, 4H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 20 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.23 (s, 4H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.4, 144.7, 143.8, 143.3, 142.3, 138.4, 132.4, 129.0, 128.9, 123.9, 123.4, 121.2, 120.5, 117.8, 116.5, 111.8, 109.5, 99.5, 80.4, 64.6, 64.44, 64.41, 64.0, 58.2, 43.8; MS (ES+) m/z 444.0 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.49

Synthesis of (R)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 333 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002278.tif" id="idf0278" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (R)-(2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, (R)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (92%) as a colorless solid: mp 64-68 °C (methanol/water); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.76-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.3, 152.2, 144.8, 141.8 (q, J = 43.0 Hz), 141.5, 138.5, 132.2, 129.1, 124.2, 123.9, 120.9, 118.9 (d, J = 267 Hz), 112.8 (d, J = 2.8 Hz), 111.6, 109.3, 109.0, 99.5, 80.1, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 37.1; MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.50

Synthesis of (S)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002279.tif" id="idf0279" />

20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (S)-(2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, (S)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 25 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 53-56 °C (methanol/water); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.74 334 (dd, J = 2.1, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.3, 152.2, 144.8, 141.8 (q, J = 43.0 Hz), 141.5, 138.5, 132.2, 129.1, 124.2, 123.9, 120.9, 5 118.9 (q, J = 267 Hz), 112.8 (q, J = 2.8 Hz), 111.6, 109.3, 109.0, 99.5, 80.1, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 37.1; MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.51

Synthesis of (S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002280.tif" id="idf0280" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H- 15 pyran, (S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 144-146 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (dd, J = 5.1, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.73 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 2H), 7.22 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 20 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.4, 155.3, 148.6, 144.8, 142.0, 138.4, 138.2, 132.2, 129.0, 124.0, 123.7, 123.3, 122.3, 121.1, 111.8, 109.7, 99.5, 80.3, 64.6, 64.0, 58.2, 45.5; MS (ES+) m/z 387.0 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.52

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one 335

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002281.tif" id="idf0281" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2 5 (bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 198-200 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.15 (m, 4H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (s, 1H), 10 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (td, J = 8.7, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 155.2, 154.9, 148.6, 142.1, 138.3, 132.1, 129.1, 128.9, 127.6, 124.0, 123.7, 123.3, 122.3, 109.7, 107.2, 104.0, 80.1, 71.8, 58.6, 45.5, 30.4; MS (ES+) m/z 370.9 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.53

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2- g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002282.tif" id="idf0282" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 20 variations using 6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydro-5H-spiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (57%) as an off- 25 white solid: mp 151-156 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.32-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.02 (m, 3H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.644, 4.640 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.11 (dd, J = 5.4, 4.8 Hz, 2H), 336 3.99-3.69 (m, 4H), 2.63-2.52 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.85 (m, 5H), 1.79-1.67 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.3, 178.2, 160.2, 156.3, 143.0, 132.8, 132.7, 128.8, 128.7, 123.88, 123.86, 123.82, 123.76, 123.3, 121.1, 121.0, 115.24, 115.20, 109.7, 109.5, 98.9, 80.43, 80.40, 77.1, 77.0, 68.4, 68.3, 66.7, 57.8, 57.7, 44.8, 44.7, 5 29.4, 29.1, 25.8, 25.7, 24.8, 24.7, 22.4; MS (ES+) m/z 378.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.54

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002283.tif" id="idf0283" />

10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- 15 h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (97%) as a colorless solid: mp 162-164 °C (water/methanol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.76-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.39 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz,

20 1H), 4.29-4.21 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.91 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.00 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.1, 156.8, 153.2, 152.1 (q, J = 1.3 Hz), 146.4, 141.8 (q, J = 42.9 Hz), 141.4, 132.1, 129.1, 124.2, 124.0, 122.9, 118.9 (q, J = 267 Hz), 116.1, 112.8 (q, J = 2.7 Hz), 109.4, 109.0, 103.6, 80.4, 70.91, 70.90, 58.0, 37.1, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 457.9 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.55

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 337

O

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002284.tif" id="idf0284" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 5 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%) as a colorless solid: mp 122-123 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.15 (m, 4H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 10 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.24 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.02-3.94 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.02 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 156.8, 155.4, 153.1, 149.1, 146.3, 142.1, 137.7, 132.2, 129.0, 124.0, 123.7, 123.1, 123.0, 121.9, 116.2, 109.6, 103.6, 80.5, 70.87, 70.85, 58.1, 45.9, 32.2; MS (ES+) m/z 401.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.56

Synthesis of 2-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-

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replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 2-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-138 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, 25 CDCl3) δ 7.60 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.08 (m, 1H), 7.03-6.92 (m, 3H), 5.03 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.12-4.01 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.60 (m, 338 1H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 1.93-1.61 (m, 3H), 1.06-1.00 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 169.3, 160.4, 149.4, 142.8, 132.9, 129.1, 128.7, 123.6, 122.8, 122.2, 120.4, 108.6, 108.4, 81.1, 58.2, 39.2, 36.1, 26.0, 23.0, 22.5, 20.3; MS (ES+) m/z 378.5 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.57

Synthesis of 2-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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N &gt;“CHs

S 10 15 20 25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 2-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (44%) as a colorless solid: mp 186-187 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.66-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.34-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.91 (m, 3H), 5.04-4.97 (m, 1H), 4.78-4.72 (m, 1H), 4.073.93 (m, 3H), 3.52-3.35 (m, 3H), 2.52 (s, 3H), 2.32-2.15 (m, 1H), 2.07-1.95 (m, 1H), 1.91-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.57-1.42 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 169.3, 160.6, 149.2, 143.1, 132.7, 129.1, 128.7, 123.7, 123.0, 122.3, 119.9, 108.7, 108.5, 81.5, 67.9, 62.4, 58.1, 46.6, 34.3, 30.9, 20.2, 14.6; MS (ES+) m/z 407.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.58

Synthesis of 2-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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N

5&gt;— CH

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 339 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 2-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (52%) as a colorless solid: mp 188-190 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.377.30 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.98-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.00-5.93 (m, 1H), 5.43-5.38 (m, 1H), 4.42-4.26 (m, 1H), 4.05-3.75 (m, 4H), 2.35-2.33 (m, 3H) 2.09-1.79 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.6, 175.3, 164.4, 164.3, 151.2, 151.1, 146.2, 146.1, 144.9, 144.6, 138.7, 138.6, 130.5, 130.4, 129.6, 124.6, 124.4, 123.0 (2C), 114.0, 113.9, 111.8, 111.6, 110.6, 110.5, 110.3, 109.8, 88.7, 88.4, 76.1, 76.0, 68.5, 68.3, 44.7, 44.4, 29.8, 28.9, 26.2, 25.7, 14.7, 14.6; MS (ES+) m/z 414.9 (M + 39). EXAMPLE 4.59

Synthesis of 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-methyl-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1H-spiro[furo[3,2-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (69%) as as an off-white solid: mp 79-81 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.04 (m, 3H), 6.63-6.62 (m, 1H), 6.39-6.32 (m, 1H), 4.96-4.92 (m, 1H), 4.72-4.67 (m, 1H), 4.54 (s, 2H), 4.37-4.26 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.85 (m, 2H), 3.82-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.15 (s, 3H), 2.13-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.98-1.88 (m, 2H), 1.78-1.65 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7 (2C), 163.9 (2C), 157.4, 157.3, 146.9 (2C), 143.1, 142.6, 132.2, 131.9, 129.2, 129.1, 124.4 (2C), 123.8 (2C), 123.5, 123.1, 122.8, 109.8, 109.7, 109.6, 100.1 (2C), 80.8, 80.6, 76.9, 76.2, 68.4, 68.2, 67.7, 58.1 (2C), 44.9, 44.6, 29.3, 29.1, 28.5, 28.4, 25.7 (2C); MS (ES+) m/z 429.1 (M + 23), 407.1 (M + 1). 340 EXAMPLE 4.60

Synthesis of 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1H,1'H)-dione was obtained (32%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (toluene/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.03 (m, 3H), 6.90-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.994.92 (m, 1H), 4.75-4.67 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.25 (m, 1H), 4.01-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.21 (m, 3H), 2.14-1.85 (m, 3H), 1.79-1.65 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 157.0, 156.9, 155.0, 143.5 (2C), 143.1, 142.6, 132.2, 131.9, 129.3, 129.2, 126.2, 124.1, 123.8, 123.6, 109.8, 109.8, 103.1, 103.0, 94.7 (2 C), 80.5, 80.4, 77.1, 76.3, 68.4, 68.2, 58.2 (2C), 45.0, 44.7, 29.3, 29.2, 28.3, 28.2, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 393.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.61

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1- 20

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25 variations using 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless 341 solid: mp 151-153 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ7.27 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.156.98 (m, 3H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.61 (m, 4H), 3.78 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.63 (m, 4H), 1.99 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.3 (2), 160.3, 159.1, 142.9 (2), 132.6 (2), 128.7 5 (2), 124.2 (2), 123.7 (2), 119.5 (2), 119.2 (2), 109.5 (2), 93.7, 80.4 (2), 77.0 (2), 68.2 (2), 57.9, 55.5, 44.6 (2), 29.1 (2), 25.6 (2), 15.9 (2); MS (ES+) m/z 366.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.62

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-

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variations using 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 15 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 142-144 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.67-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.00 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 2.00 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 160.3, 159.2, 155.7, 149.5, 20 142.5, 142.2, 137.1, 132.6, 128.7, 124.3, 123.8, 123.5, 122.8, 121.7, 119.5, 119.2, 109.5, 93.8, 80.3, 58.0, 46.1, 22.6, 16.0; MS (ES+) m/z 373.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.63

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-

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342 variations using 6-methoxy-5-methylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2"(1'H)-one, 6-methoxy-5-methyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: mp 180-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5 7.28 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.43 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (dd, J = 8.9, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.79 (s, 3H), 3.43-3.31 (m, 1H), 1.99 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.71-1.26 (m, 5H); MS (ES+) m/z 380.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.64 10 Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 15 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2"(1'H)-one, 5-fluoro-6-methoxy- 1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: mp 131-133 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.13-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.61-6.55 (m, 1H), 6.47-6.39 (m, 1H), 4.96-4.89 (m, 1H), 4.71-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.76 (m, 5H), 3.73-3.59 (m, 2H), 3.42-3.30 (m, 1H), 20 1.91-1.79 (m, 1H), 1.70-1.27 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 177.4, 157.10, 157.08, 157.05, 157.03, 149.2, 149.0, 148.8, 146.1, 143.2, 143.0, 131.9, 131.8, 128.9, 128.8, 123.52, 123.50, 123.18, 123.15, 119.4, 119.3, 119.2, 110.6, 110.5, 110.3, 110.2, 109.9, 109.8, 96.2, 80.4, 75.6, 75.4, 68.4, 68.3, 57.96, 57.95, 57.92, 56.4, 45.7, 45.6, 29.5, 29.4, 25.7, 23.0; MS (ES+) m/z 384.2 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.65

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol1- 2'(1'H)-one 343

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5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and 2 5 (bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%) as a colorless solid: mp 142-144 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.59-8.53 (m, 1H), 7.65 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.10 (m, 4H), 7.01 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 10 1H), 5.20 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 5.03-4.90 (m, 2H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 157.2 (d), 155.4, 149.6, 149.3, 149.1, 149.0, 146.1, 142.1, 137.1, 131.8, 129.0, 123.8, 123.6, 122.8, 121.6, 119.0 (d), 110.7, 110.4, 109.6, 96.3, 80.5, 58.1, 56.4, 46.0; MS (ES+) m/z 377.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.66 15 Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-

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variations using 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 20 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)- (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (42%) as a colorless solid: mp 106-116 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.14 25 6.98 (m, 3H), 6.58 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49-6.40 (m, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.64 (m, 7H), 2.09-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.76-1.61 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 177.5, 157.1, 149.3, 149.1, 148.9, 146.1, 344 142.8, 131.9, 131.7, 129.0, 128.9, 123.7, 123.6, 123.3, 119.3, 119.2, 110.6, 110.5, 110.3, 110.2, 109.8, 109.6, 96.3, 80.6, 76.7, 68.2, 68.1, 58.0, 56.4, 44.6, 29.2, 29.0, 25.7, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 370.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.67 5 Synthesis of 1'-benzyl-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002296.tif" id="idf0296" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and benzylbromide 10 to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-benzyl-5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (86%) as a colorless solid: mp 160162 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.26 (m, 5H), 7.20 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.43 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.83 15 (d, J = 15.5 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.86 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.3, 173.3, 166.3, 165.6, 147.9, 137.5, 133.7, 128.5, 128.0, 126.1, 124.9, 124.6, 114.2, 97.5, 84.9, 77.3, 62.0, 47.6, 33.5; MS (ES+) m/z 376.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.68

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002297.tif" id="idf0297" />

variations using 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, and (R)- 25 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- 345 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 6-methoxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless liquid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.32-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.16-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.61 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 5 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.10-1.66 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.0, 177.9, 162.0, 161.4, 142.9, 142.8, 132.4, 132.3, 128.7, 128.6, 123.6, 123.5 (2C), 123.4, 123.2, 121.0, 120.9, 109.6, 109.3, 107.4 (2C), 96.5, 80.5, 80.4, 76.8, 76.7, 68.2, 68.1, 57.5, 55.5, 44.5 (2C), 29.2, 28.9, 25.6, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 352.1 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 4.69

Synthesis of 6-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 20

To a stirred solution of 6-bromospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.3 g, 4.3 mmol) in 2-butanone (40.0 mL) was added cesium carbonate (4.2 g, 12.9 mmol) and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (1.4 g, 5.4 mmol). The reaction was refluxed for 16 h, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 6-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.75 g, 100%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 400.0 (M + 1), 402.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.70

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002299.tif" id="idf0299" />

346

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2,3,6,7-tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, acetone to replace butanone, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2 5 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-2,3,6,7-

tetrahydrospiro[furo[3,2-g]chromene-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (43%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.36-6.93 (m, 4H), 6.76-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 3.5 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.98 (ABq, 2H), 4.80-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.45 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.36-4.28 (m, 1H), 2.92 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 2.23-2.16 (m, 2H); 13 C 10 NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 179.3, 160.6, 155.5, 152.2, 152.1, 141.8, 141.6, 141.3, 135.2, 128.3, 124.1, 123.5, 123.5, 120.6, 120.4, 117.0, 112.6 (2C), 112.5 (2C), 112.1, 109.1, 108.6, 98.6, 71.8, 62.0, 47.8, 36.7, 32.4, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 441.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.71

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 15 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one CH3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4.22 and making noncritical variations using (4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)(methyl)sulfane to replace a-bromo-m-tolunitrile, 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z: 416.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.72

Synthesis of 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 347

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002300.tif" id="idf0300" />

&gt;

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (R)-3-bromomethyl-2-pyrrolidinone to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 5 2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)- one, 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: mp 121-130 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.34 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.06 (m, 4H), 6.48 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.15 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 5.82 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 2H), 4.86-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.64 (dd, J = 10 9.3, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 4.13-4.06 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.83 (m, 2H), 2.43-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.88 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 177.9, 177.4, 177.3, 154.7, 154.6, 147.5, 147.4, 141.2, 140.8, 140.8 136.0, 130.8, 130.6, 127.3 127.2, 127.0, 126.3, 123.4, 122.0, 121.9, 121.9 118.0, 117.8, 107.4, 101.1, 100.0, 99.9, 91.3, 91.3, 78.8, 78.7, 56.8 (2C), 51.4, 51.2, 43.2 (2C), 27.6, 22.6, 18.6; MS (ES+) m/z 401.2 (M + 23), 379.2 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.73

Synthesis of (2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile

CN

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using chloroacetonitrile to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 20 spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: mp 170-172 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.38 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (dt, J = 7.7, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 25 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 4.94 (ABq, J = 17.9 Hz, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, J = 9.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 155.8, 148.9, 142.232, 141.0, 131.9, 129.4, 124.3, 124.3, 119.8, 116.0, 109.7, 103.5, 101.9, 93.8, 80.1, 57.8, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 321.3 (M + 1). 348 EXAMPLE 4.74

Synthesis of 7'-(trifluoromethyl)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002301.tif" id="idf0301" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-bromomethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 7'-(trifluoromethyl)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (43%) as a colorless solid: mp 95-98 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.59 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.36 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 5.86 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 2H), 5.23 (ABq, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.6, 156.0, 152.2, 149.3, 142.7, 141.4 (q), 139.1, 135.1, 127.9, 127.0 (m), 122.9 (d), 121.1 (d), 119.3 (d), 118.7, 113.4 (q), 112.5, 108.2, 102.8, 101.7, 93.7, 80.8, 56.9, 39.4; MS (ES+) m/z 498.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.75

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-20 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002302.tif" id="idf0302" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3- 25 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained 349 (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 165-166 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.66 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.70 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.91 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.9, 156.2, 149.2, 5 142.4, 139.9 (2C), 138.7, 135.4, 129.1, 127.4, 127.2, 126.9, 125.9, 123.9, 119.4, 111.5, 103.5, 102.0, 93.9, 80.7, 56.5, 42.3; MS (ES+) m/z 481.2 (M + 1), 479.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.76

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002303.tif" id="idf0303" />

(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 7'-(trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 15 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]-7'- (trifluoromethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (51%) as a colorless solid: mp 101-103 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.61 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.48 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (s, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 2H), 5.08 (ABq, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 3.21-3.16 (m, 1H), 20 1.22 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 178.7, 177.4, 156.0, 150.7, 149.0, 142.3, 140.7, 135.6, 128.7, 125.7, 124.5 (d), 123.6, 119.8, 113.3, 111.5 (m), 103.9, 101.9, 93.8, 80.8, 56.6, 43.3, 32.8, 23.3; MS (ES+) m/z 489.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.77

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 25 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002304.tif" id="idf0304" />

350

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-chloromethyl-2-isopropyloxazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)- 5 one, 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (11%) as a colorless solid: mp 75-77 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.42 (s, 1H), 7.26 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.15 (s, 1H), 5.83 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 1H), 1.30 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO- 10 d6) δ 177.3, 169.4, 155.8, 148.9, 142.3, 141.8, 135.3, 135.1, 132.2, 128.9, 123.8, 123.5, 119.5, 109.6, 103.1, 101.5, 93.6, 80.3, 58.2, 36.6, 28.5, 20.4, 20.3; MS (ES+) m/z 405.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.78

Synthesis of tert-butyl [1-cyclopropyl-3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002305.tif" id="idf0305" />

(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 20 2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)- one, tert-butyl [1-cyclopropyl-3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]carbamate was obtained (91%) as a fluffy yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.11 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 5.83 25 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 2H), 4.88 (dd, J = 8.9, 7.0, Hz, 1 H), 4.69 (br, 1H), 4.62 (dd, J = 8.9, 1.7

Hz, 1 H), 3.93-3.73 (m, 2H), 2.99 (br, 1H), 2.14-1.81 (m, 2H), 1.30 (s, 9H), 0.95-0.80 (m, 1H), 0.58-0.19 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 177.3, 155.9, 155.7, 155.6, 148.8, 142.3, 142.2, 132.4, 129.0, 123.9, 123.3, 119.5, 119.4, 108.6, 103.1, 351 103.0, 101.5, 93.6, 80.4 (2C), 65.9, 58.2, 37.8, 37.5, 32.9, 32.7, 28.4, 16.1 (2C), 15.3, 3.9, 3.8, 3.0, 2.9; MS (ES+) m/z 501.3, (M + 23), 479.28 (M + 1), 423.2 (M - 56), 379.3 (M - 100). EXAMPLE 4.79 5 Synthesis of 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl1spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002306.tif" id="idf0306" />

10 2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[4-(methylsulfanyl)benzyl1spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (86%) as a colorless solid: mp 128-130 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.28-7.19 (m, 5H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.8 15 Hz, 1H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 2H), 4.87-4.79 (m, 3H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 2.40 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.3, 155.9, 148.8, 142.6, 142.2, 137.8, 133.3, 132.1, 129.3, 128.4, 126.6, 124.2, 123.6, 120.1, 109.9, 103.3, 101.9, 93.8, 80.4, 57.9, 43.2, 15.1; MS (ES+) m/z 418.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.80 20 25

Synthesis of 3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)propanenitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002307.tif" id="idf0307" />

O &gt;

O

Following the procedure as described in PREPARATION 44 and making noncritical variations using 3-bromopropionitrile to replace α-bromo-m-tolunitrile, and spiro[furo[2,3-f1[1,31benzodioxole-7,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2”(1'H)-one, 3-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3- 352 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propanenitrile was obtained (86%) as a colorless solid: mp 200-202 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.32 (ddd, J = 7.6, 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.24 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (ddd, J = 7.4, 7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 2.2 Hz, 2H), 4.69 (ABq, J = 9.3 5 Hz, 2H), 4.10-3.88 (m, 2H), 2.95 (t, J = 6.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.1, 155.8, 148.8, 142.2, 141.9, 132.3, 129.3, 124.1, 123.7, 120.1, 119.1, 109.8 103.6, 101.9, 93.7, 80.3, 57.9, 35.9, 16.2; MS (ES+) m/z 335.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.81

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-bromo-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- 10 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002308.tif" id="idf0308" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-bromo-(5-bromomethyl)thiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]- 15 2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)- one, 1'-[(2-bromo-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (94%) as a colorless solid: mp 215-217 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.81 (s, 1H), 7.34-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (ddd, J = 7.3, 7.3, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.89 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (s, 20 2H), 4.69 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 155.9, 148.9, 142.9, 142.2, 141.7, 138.2, 136.4, 132.1, 129.4, 124.3, 123.9, 119.9, 109.7, 103.4, 101.9, 93.8, 80.2, 57.8, 36.3; MS (ES+) m/z 458.9 (M + 1), 456.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.82

Synthesis of 1'-{[2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- 25 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002309.tif" id="idf0309" />

F3C 353

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazol-2-amine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-{[2-amino-4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (4.0%) as a colorless solid: mp 165-167 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.39 (br, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 6.7 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.69 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.91 (s, 2H), 5.02 (ABq, 2H), 4.70 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 167.9, 155.9, 148.9, 142.2, 141.8, 134.7 (q, 1JCF = 135 Hz), 132.1, 129.5, 124.5, 123.9, 123.8 (m), 119.9, 109.2, 103.2, 101.9, 93.9, 80.2, 57.8, 40.9; MS (ES+) m/z 462.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.83

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-5-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002310.tif" id="idf0310" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-bromomethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 6-fluoro-5-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 6-fluoro-5-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (43%) as a colorless solid: mp 132134 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.71-6.67 (m, 2H), 6.62 (d, J = 12.1 Hz, 1H), 6.34 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 16.3 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 12.8 Hz, 1H), 4.45 (d, J = 12.7 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 433.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.84

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile 354

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002311.tif" id="idf0311" />

N

O

O &gt;

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using chloroacetonitrile to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6 5 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-2'- oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile was obtained (94%) as a colorless solid: mp 122-123 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.41 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.27 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.11 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.90 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 2H), 4.95 (ABq, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, 10 DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 156.7, 149.2, 143.0, 141.9, 131.1, 130.4, 128.4, 124.6, 116.8, 115.8, 108.8, 103.3, 101.9, 93.4, 77.6, 58.3, 29.2; MS (ES+) m/z 355.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.85

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one NH2 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-amino-(5-chloromethyl)thiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)- 20 one, 1'-[(2-amino-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a yellow solid: mp 230-235 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.24 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.93 (s, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.89 (s, 2H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.67-4.59 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.6, 166.8, 155.9, 148.9, 25 146.8, 143.9, 142.3, 131.8, 129.6, 129.6, 124.3, 120.3, 109.9, 109.8, 103.1, 101.9, 93.9, 80.4, 57.8, 14.8; MS (ES+) m/z 394.3 (M + 1). 355 EXAMPLE 4.86

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002312.tif" id="idf0312" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-bromospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-bromo-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-

10 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 85-87 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.19-7.11 (m, 2H), 6.88-6.85 (m, 2H), 6.76 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 5.87 (d, J = 5.8 Hz, 2H), 4.97 (ABq, 2H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 157.2, 156.9, 149.3, 143.3, 142.1, 136.3, 130.3, 129.8, 127.7, 126.3, 126.0, 120.2, 116.1, 107.9, 102.6, 101.6, 93.3, 77.2, 59.5, 15 39.4; MS (ES+) m/z 490.3 (M + 1), 488.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.87

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002313.tif" id="idf0313" />

20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-193 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.72 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 25 356 1H), 7.03 (s, 2H), 6.73 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 5.95 (dd, J = 4.0, 0.7 Hz, 2H), 5.29 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 2H), 4.78 (dd, J = 20.4, 9.6 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 155.5, 148.7, 143.2, 141.8, 137.6, 133.6, 133.2, 128.8, 127.9, 126.6, 126.5, 123.7, 118.5, 116.9, 103.0, 101.5, 93.4, 92.6, 79.5, 56.4, 40.0; MS (ES+) m/z 437.3 (M + 1), 5 439.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.88

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002314.tif" id="idf0314" />

10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-isopropylthiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indole]-7'-carbonitrile was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: mp = 162-163 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.66 (dd, J = 8.0, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J = 7.4, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.39 (s, 1H), 7.19 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 5.25 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 3.28-3.15 (m, 1H), 1.26 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.5, 176.9, 155.4, 149.7, 148.6, 144.0, 141.8, 133.8, 133.1, 128.4, 123.4, 119.0, 116.5, 114.3, 103.1, 101.5, 93.3, 93.1, 79.4, 56.5, 40.9, 32.4, 22.7; MS (ES+) m/z 446.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.89

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-25 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 357

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002315.tif" id="idf0315" />

O

O

Cl &gt;

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-5-(chloromethyl)thiophene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- 5 indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2"(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chloro-2-thienyl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 167-168 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.36 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.207.18 (m, 2H), 7.08 (dd, J = 8.0, 0.7 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.12 10 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.1, 156.2, 148.5, 143.3, 141.5, 137.5, 130.5, 129.8, 127.8, 127.7, 127.3, 126.5, 123.6, 116.5, 108.3, 102.4, 101.4, 92.9, 77.0, 57.8, 38.7; MS (ES+) m/z 446.2 (M + 1), 448.2 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.90

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-bromomethyl-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 2 20 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-2-furyl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (43%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.36 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.08 25 (dd, J = 0.7 Hz, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.1, 156.1, 152.7, 148.6, 143.4, 141.5, 139.5 (q, 2JCF = 42 Hz), 358 130.5, 129.7, 127.9, 123.6, 118.8 (q, 1JCF = 267 Hz), 116.6, 114.0 (d, 3JCF = 3 Hz), 109.9, 108.2, 102.2, 101.4, 92.9, 76.9, 57.9, 36.7; MS (ES+) m/z 464.3 (M + 1), 466.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.91

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002316.tif" id="idf0316" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-isopropylthiazole to replace 2 10 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-1'-[(2-isopropyl-1,3-thiazol-4-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: mp 147-148 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.47 (s, 1H), 7.31 15 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 5.94 (s, 2H), 5.09 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 16 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.7 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.5, 176.1, 156.1, 149.5, 148.5, 144.1, 141.4, 130.3, 129.6, 128.1, 123.2, 116.9, 115.2, 108.5, 102.7, 101.4, 92.8, 76.9, 57.9, 40.2, 32.4, 22.7, 22.6; MS (ES+) m/z 455.3 (M + 1), 457.3 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 4.92

Synthesis of 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4- yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one H3C. ,XH3 13C·.

Nx CH3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 359 variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-isopropylthiazole to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-[6-(dimethylamino)pyridin-3- yl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-[6- (dimethylamino)pyridin-3-yl]-1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3] benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: mp 164-165 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.58 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 7.49 (s, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.82-6.76 (m, 2H), 6.42-6.37 (m, 3H), 5.96 (d, J = 19.0 Hz, 2H), 5.11 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 4.42 (d, J = 9.4 Hz, 1H), 3.29-3.20 (m, 1H), 2.99 (s, 6H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.5, 176.9, 157.9, 155.4, 149.9, 148.3, 146.6, 142.6, 141.5, 136.8 (2C), 129.2, 128.8, 125.2, 121.7, 121.1, 115.3, 108.6, 104.3, 102.6, 101.3, 93.2, 77.2, 57.8, 37.6, 32.4, 22.8, 22.7; MS (ES+) m/z 541.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.93

Synthesis of 3'-[2-(fluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002317.tif" id="idf0317" />

Chem. (1994), 59(14):3821-3829) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 3'-[2-

(fluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'-inden]-2'(3'H)-one was obtained (53%) as a colorless solid: mp 188-190 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) □δ 7.50 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.35 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.69-5.60 (m, 2H), 5.10-4.98 (m, 2H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.3, 155.3, 144.7, 142.8, 138.3, 135.3 (d, JC-F = 2.8 Hz), 134.2 (d, JC-F = 15.5 Hz), 132.1, 130.4 (d, JC-F = 7.1 Hz), 130.0 (d, JC-F = 3.3 Hz), 129.3, 128.1, 126.9 (d, JC-F 360 = 1.8 Hz), 124.2, 123.6, 121.5, 111.7, 109.9, 99.3, 82.9 (d, JC-F = 160.6 Hz), 80.1, 64.7, 64.1, 57.8, 55.4; MS (ES+) m/z 439.9 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.94

Synthesis of 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-5 yl)methyl1benzonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002318.tif" id="idf0318" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using α-bromo-m-tolunitrile to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6 10 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b'1difuran-3,3'-indol1-2"(1'H)-one, 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine-8,3'-indol1-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl1benzonitrile was obtained (66%) as a colorless solid: mp 173-178 °C (ethyl acetate/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.60-7.63 (m, 3H), 7.44-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.05 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.93-4.97 15 (m, 3H), 4.66-4.69 (m, 1H), 4.13-4.17 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 144.8, 141.5, 138.4, 137.4, 132.1, 131.8, 131.7, 130.9, 129.9, 129.0, 124.3, 123.9, 120.7, 118.4, 113.1, 111.4, 108.8, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 43.4; MS (ES+) m/z 410.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.95 20 Synthesis of 1'-(4-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002319.tif" id="idf0319" />

variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-1-fluoro-2-methoxybenzene to replace 225 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g1[1,41benzodioxine- 361 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(4-fluoro-3-methoxybenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 161-163 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.23-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 5 2H), 6.94-6.77 (m, 3H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.09-5.04 (m, 1H), 4.97-4.91 (m, 1H), 4.71-4.61 (m, 2H), 4.19-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.83 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 155.2, 153.6, 150.4, 148.1, 144.7, 141.9, 138.3, 132.2, 128.8, 124.0, 123.6, 121.0, 119.8, 116.1, 112.4, 111.3, 109.2, 99.5, 79.9, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 56.2, 43.8; MS (ES+) m/z 433.8 (M + 1). 0 EXAMPLE 4.96

Synthesis of 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002320.tif" id="idf0320" />

15 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H- pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4-[(2'-oxo- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzonitrile 20 was obtained (85%) as a colorless solid: mp 69-72 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.67-7.58 (m, 2H), 7.49-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.69 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 410.9 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.97

Synthesis of 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 362

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002321.tif" id="idf0321" />

N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)isoxazole (0.20 g, 0.84 mmol) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 5 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 209-212 °C (ethyl acetate/ hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.28-8.25 (m, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.42 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.23-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, 10 J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52-6.47 (m, 2H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.11 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 168.8, 155.3, 150.9, 144.7, 141.9, 138.4, 138.0, 132.2, 128.9, 128.0, 126.9, 126.5, 126.2, 124.1, 123.6, 120.9, 111.5, 109.2, 99.5, 98.9, 80.2, 64.5, 64.0, 58.1, 43.9, 29.7; MS (ES+) m/z 453.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.98

Synthesis of 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one CF3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 20 variations using 5-chloromethyl-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%) as a colorless solid: mp 25 204-207 °C (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 8.74 (d, J = 1.6 Hz, 1H), 363 7.82 (dd, J = 8.1, 1.6 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.03-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.11 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 149.0, 147.9 (q, J = 139.5 Hz), 5 144.8, 141.2, 138.4, 136.5, 134.9, 132.1, 129.1, 124.4, 124.1, 121.4 , 120.8 (q, J = 10.8 Hz), 120.5, 111.4, 108.6, 99.6, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 41.3; MS (ES+) m/z 429.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.99

Synthesis of 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'- 10 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002322.tif" id="idf0322" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(4-(bromomethyl)phenyl)isoxazole (0.20 g, 0.84 mmol) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole- 15 5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(4-isoxazol-5-ylbenzyl)-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (60%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-194 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.25 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.47 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.09 (m, 2H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.75 (d, J = 20 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.32 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.15 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 2.45 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.3, 169.0, 164.0, 158.2, 155.0, 150.8, 141.9, 137.4, 130.5, 129.4, 127.8, 126.8, 123.8, 123.7, 123.1, 118.0, 109.7, 108.9, 108.0, 98.9, 81.4, 56.4, 53.5, 44.1, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 449.9 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.100

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 364

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002323.tif" id="idf0323" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (Cai, Z. et al. US 2007/0072831) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3 5 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: mp 174-176 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.40 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 10 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.98-4.88 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, J = 8.9

Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 160.2, 157.2, 155.3, 151.5, 151.5, 144.7, 142.0, 138.3, 137.8, 137.5, 132.2, 128.8, 124.1, 123.9, 123.8, 123.6, 122.9, 122.8, 121.0, 111.6, 109.4, 99.4, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.4; MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.101

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002324.tif" id="idf0324" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 20 variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (Weidmann, K. et al., J. Med. Chem. (1992), (35):438) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was

25 obtained (25%) as a colorless solid: mp 247-249 °C (dichloromethane/ether); 1H NMR 365 (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.35 (td, J = 4.6, 1.34 Hz, 1H), 7.43-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.80-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.31 (dd, J = 16.2, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (dd, J = 16.2, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 159.6, 156.2, 5 155.2, 145.4, 145.3, 144.5, 142.9, 142.8, 142.2, 138.3, 132.6, 128.6, 124.3, 123.8, 123.3, 123.1, 121.3, 112.2, 109.0, 99.2, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 40.7; MS (ES+) m/z 404.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.102 10

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002325.tif" id="idf0325" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 15 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-4'-quinolin-3-yl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: mp 228-230 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.70 (s, 1H), 7.42-7.32 (m, 2H), 7.26 (t, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.96-6.90 20 (m, 3H), 6.79-6.70 (m, 5H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 4.47 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.32 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.15-4.01 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 150.3, 149.6, 147.2, 144.8, 142.7, 138.2, 137.2, 136.4, 135.7, 131.2, 130.4, 129.2, 128.0, 126.9, 125.9, 122.9, 122.7, 121.8, 111.3, 109.5, 99.6, 64.6, 64.1, 46.3; MS (ES+) m/z 513.9 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 4.103

Synthesis of 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 366

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002326.tif" id="idf0326" />

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-2,3- 5 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-(4-phenoxyphenyl)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%) as a colorless solid: mp 196-199 °C (dichloromethane/ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.61-8.57 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.65 (m, 1H), 7.40-7.18 (m, 5H), 10 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.93-6.86 (m, 2H), 6.84-6.71 (m, 4H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.43 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.2, 157.4, 156.3, 155.6, 149.6, 144.7, 142.4, 139.8, 137.9, 137.1, 133.5, 130.4, 130.1, 129.7, 128.7, 125.4, 123.1, 122.8, 122.3, 121.7, 118.6, 118.4, 111.2, 108.7, 15 99.3, 77.9, 64.5, 64.0, 58.5, 46.2; MS (ES+) m/z 555.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.104

Synthesis of 1'-[(3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

F 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3,5-difluoropyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 367 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(3,5-difluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (64%) as a colorless solid: mp 220-222 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 8.27 (d, J = 1.7 Hz, 5 1H), 7.26-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.04-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.49-6.46 (m, 1H), 6.39-6.36 (m, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 16.1 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.68-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 159.7, 156.2 ,155.3, 144.6, 142.0, 139.0, 138.9, 138.3, 133.8, 133.6, 132.5, 123.9, 123.4,

121.2, 112.0, 111.6, 108.9, 99.2, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 40.3; MS (ES+) m/z 422.8 (M 10 + 1). EXAMPLE 4.105

Synthesis of 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002327.tif" id="idf0327" />

CN 15 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]- 20 6-carbonitrile was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: mp 151-153 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 18.55 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.66 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.34-6.84 (m, 9H), 5.19 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.79 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.3, 160.7, 155.1, 149.7, 142.3, 137.1, 134.8, 131.2, 129.5, 125.8, 124.6, 123.8, 122.9, 121.8, 25 118.5, 113.8, 113.3, 109.9, 80.21, 77.5, 57.9, 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 353.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.106

Synthesis of 3-{[(8S)-2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl]methyl}benzonitrile 368

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002328.tif" id="idf0328" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-(bromomethyl)benzonitrile to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 5 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 3-{[(8S)-2'- oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl]methyl}benzonitrile was obtained (75%) as a colorless solid: mp 94-96 °C (isopropyl alcohol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.65-7.52 (m, 4H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.75-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.03 (d, J =

10 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.84 (m, 2H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 155.3, 144.8, 141.5, 138.4, 137.4, 132.1, 131.8, 130.9, 129.9, 129.0, 124.3, 123.9, 120.7, 118.4, 113.1, 111.4, 108.8, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 43.4, 29.7; MS (ES+) m/z 411.0 (M + 1). Anal. Calcd. for C25H18N2O4: C, 73.16; H, 4.42; N, 6.83. Found: C, 72.92; H, 5.05; N, 6.50. 15 EXAMPLE 4.107

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002329.tif" id="idf0329" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 20 variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-2-fluoropyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as 25 a colorless solid: mp 210-212 °C (isopropyl alcohol); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 369 □8.40 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.41-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz,

1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.99-4.88 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 160.6, 157.2, 155.3, 151.5, 144.7, 142.0, 138.3, 137.8, 137.5, 132.2, 128.8, 124.1, 123.9, 123.8, 123.6, 122.9, 121.0, 111.6, 109.4, 99.4, 80.1, 54.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.4; MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). Anal. Calcd. for C23H17N2O4: C, 68.31; H, 4.24; N, 6.93. Found: C, 67.81; H, 4.39; N, 6.85. EXAMPLE 4.108 AND EXAMPLE 4.109 Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one and (S)-1'-(2-oxobutyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002330.tif" id="idf0330" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (33%) as a colorless solid: mp 125-126 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ ^8.38-8.32 (m, 1H), 7.43-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.78 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.31 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 159.6, 156.2, 155.2, 145.4, 144.5, 142.9, 142.8, 142.2, 138.3, 132.6, 128.6, 124.3, 123.8, 123.3, 123.1, 121.3, 112.2, 109.0, 99.2, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 40.7; MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). Anal. Calcd. for C23H17FN2O4: C, 68.31; H, 4.24; N, 6.93. Found: C, 67.27; H, 4.24; N, 6.93. (S)-1'-(2-oxobutyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one was isolated (6%) as a byproduct from this reaction as a colorless solid: mp 182-183 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.63 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 370 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68-4.56 (m, 2H), 4.44 (d, J = 17.9 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.07 (m, 4H), 2.54 (q, J = 7.3 Hz, 2H), 1.11 (t, J = 7.3 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 203.5, 177.6, 155.2, 144.6, 141.9, 138.4, 132.2, 128.8, 124.0, 123.7, 120.9, 111.9, 108.2, 99.3, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 48.9, 33.2, 7.4; MS (ES+) m/z 366.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.110

Synthesis of 1'-[(4-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002331.tif" id="idf0331" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 10 variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-4-fluoropyridine hydrochloride to replace 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(4-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: mp 15 228-231 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ Π8.52 (dd, J = 8.38, 5.56 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.90 (m, 3H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.15 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 5.02-4.91 (m, 2H), 4.67 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.214.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 171.0, 167.6, 158.9 (2), 155.3, 152.0 (2), 144.7, 141.9, 138.4, 132.2, 128.9, 124.0, 123.7, 120.9, 111.7, 111.0, 110.8, 109.7, 20 109.5, 109.3, 99.4, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.8, 11.9; MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.111

Synthesis of 1'-(2,3-dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002332.tif" id="idf0332" />

371

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 6-(chloromethyl)-2,3-dihydrobenzo[b][1,4]dioxine (Capilla, A.S. et al., Tetrahedron (2001), 57:8297) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile to 5 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(2,3-

dihydro-1,4-benzodioxin-6-ylmethyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-6-carbonitrile was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: mp 181-183 °C (dichloromethane / diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.16 (m, 1H), 7.156.97 (m, 3H), 6.89-6.75 (m, 5H), 5.04 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 10 4.80-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.25-4.19 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.2, 160.8, 143.8, 143.3, 142.2, 134.7, 131.3, 129.5, 128.5, 125.8, 124.4, 123.8, 123.7, 120.5, 118.5, 117.8, 116.3, 113.8, 113.3, 109.8, 80.2, 64.3 (2 C), 57.8, 43.8. 15 EXAMPLE 4.112

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Cl

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 20 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(3-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 176-178 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 08.35-8.31 (m, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.09-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 25 6.50 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 6.23 (d, J = 1.4 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (d, J = 16.8 Hz, 1H), 5.02-4.89 (m, 2H), 4.67 (dd, J = 8.9, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 150.0, 148.9, 144.8, 141.4, 138.4, 136.9, 132.0, 129.1, 129.8, 124.2, 124.0, 123.0, 120.6, 111.4, 109.1, 99.6, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 41.2. 372 EXAMPLE 4.113

Synthesis of 1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002333.tif" id="idf0333" />

F3C 3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-

10 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%) as a colorless solid: mp 207-208 °C (dichloromethane/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ D7.72 (d, J = 7.6 Hz,

1H), 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.34 (m, 3H), 7.22-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 17.0 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C 15 NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.4, 144.8, 141.8, 138.4, 133.9, 132.5, 132.1, 129.0, 128.3 (q, J = 30.8 Hz), 127.7, 126.8, 126.4 (q, J = 5.8 Hz), 124.4 (q, J = 273.7 Hz), 124.1, 123.8, 120.8, 111.5, 109.2, 99.5, 80.3, 64.5, 63.9, 58.2, 40.6; MS (ES+) m/z 454.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 4.114

Synthesis of (8R)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002334.tif" id="idf0334" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)benzene to replace 2 25 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and (8R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 373 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (8R)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (87%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-138 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ D7.72 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 3H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.62 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.4, 144.8, 141.8, 138.4, 133.9, 132.5, 132.1, 129.0, 127.9 (q, 2JC-F = 30.8 Hz), 127.6, 126.8, 126.4 (q, 5JC-F = 5.8 Hz), 124.4 (q, 1JC-F = 273.8 Hz), 124.1, 123.8, 120.8, 111.6, 109.2, 99.6, 80.3, 64.5, 64.0, 58.2, 40.6 (q, J = 3.4 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 454.0 (M + 1). Anal. Calcd. for C25H18F3NO4: C, 66.22; H, 4.00; N, 3.09. Found: C, 66.16; H, 4.11; N, 3.07. EXAMPLE 4.115

Synthesis of 5'-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002335.tif" id="idf0335" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 5'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (5'-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-139 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.63 (d, J = 4.6 Hz, 1H), 8.22 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.57-7.50 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.29-5.03 (ABq, 2H), 4.764.64 (ABq, 2H), 4.18-4.06 (m, 4H), 2.18 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.4, 155.0, 153.0, 152.9, 144.5, 140.9, 138.2, 135.5 (q, 4J = 5.31 Hz), 132.5, 132.5, 129.3, 124.5, 124.4 (q, 1J = 273.6 Hz), 123.5 (q, 2J = 32.3 Hz), 123.5, 122.2, 112.3, 109.3, 99.1, 79.7, 64.7, 64.1, 57.8, 42.4 (q, J = 3.1 Hz), 21.0; MS (ES+) m/z 469.0 (M + 1). 374 EXAMPLE 4.116

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002336.tif" id="idf0336" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3- 10 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-138 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.72 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.33 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.12 (m, 3H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.26 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.07 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 15 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.4, 144.8, 141.8, 138.4, 133.9, 132.5, 132.1, 129.0, 127.9 (q, 2JC-F = 30.8 Hz), 127.6, 126.8, 126.4 (q, 5JC-F = 5.8 Hz), 124.4 (q, 1JC-F = 273.8 Hz), 124.1, 123.8, 120.8, 111.6, 109.2, 99.6, 80.3, 64.5, 64.0, 58.2, 40.6 (q, J = 3.4 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 454.0 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd. for C25H18F3NO4: C, 66.22; H, 4.00; N, 3.09. Found: C, 66.06; H, 3.98; N, 3.12. 20 EXAMPLE 4.117

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002337.tif" id="idf0337" />

25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 4'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 375 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 4'-bromo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (75%) as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 465.7 (M + 1), 466.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.118

Synthesis of 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002338.tif" id="idf0338" />

10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(bromomethyl)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(2,1,3-benzothiadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 189-191 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.04-7.90 (m, 2H), 7.63-7.55 (m,1H), 7.227.15 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 443.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.119

Synthesis of 1'-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002339.tif" id="idf0339" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)-1,3-benzothiazole to replace 2- 376 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(1,3-benzothiazol-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%) as a colorless solid: mp 5 164-166 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ8.04 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.85 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.54-7.46 (m,1H), 7.43-7.35 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 5.53 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.11 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 165.9, 155.3, 152.9, 144.7, 141.2, 138.3, 10 135.3, 132.1, 128.9, 126.3, 125.5, 124.0, 123.9, 123.2, 121.9, 120.8, 111.8, 109.2, 99.4, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 42.6; MS (ES+) m/z 442.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.120

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002340.tif" id="idf0340" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzoimidazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 20 2"(1'H)-one, 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (20%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 240 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.30-7.14 (m, 5H), 7.066.99 (m, 1H), 6.60 (s, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 5.28 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.85 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25 176.6, 154.5, 149.1, 144.1, 142.3, 141.7, 137.8, 136.1, 131.9, 128.5, 123.3, 123.0, 122.1, 121.5, 121.4, 118.6, 112.0, 110.1, 109.7, 98.5, 79.3, 64.1, 63.6, 57.3, 37.1, 29.8; MS (ES+) m/z 440.0 (M + 1). 377 EXAMPLE 4.121

Synthesis of 1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002341.tif" id="idf0341" />

5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-isopropylthiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-{[2-(1-methylethyl)-1,3-thiazol-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 10 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 60-63 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28-7.21(m, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.92 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.15 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.37-3.22 (m, 1H), 1.39 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 15 178.5, 177.2, 155.2, 150.2, 144.6, 142.1, 138.3, 132.2, 128.8, 123.7, 123.4, 121.1, 114.1, 111.6, 109.7, 99.4, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 40.6, 33.3, 23.1; MS (ES+) m/z 434.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.122

Synthesis of 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002342.tif" id="idf0342" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 5-(bromomethyl)-2,1,3-benzooxadiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 25 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 378 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (44%) as a colorless solid: mp 164-166 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.86 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.75 (s, 1H), 7.437.37 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.19 (m, 2H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.94 5 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 149.0, 148.7, 144.8, 141.4, 139.7, 138.4, 132.0, 131.4, 129.0, 124.3, 124.0, 120.6, 117.8, 113.9, 111.4, 108.8, 99.6, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 44.0; MS (ES+) m/z 427.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.123 10

Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002343.tif" id="idf0343" />

W

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using tert-butyl 4-(tosyloxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate to replace 2 15 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.19 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 20 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.62 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.06 (m, 6H), 3.80-3.44 (m, 2H), 2.76-2.59 (m, 2H), 2.11-1.93 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.37-1.20 (m, 2H). EXAMPLE 4.124

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-

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25 379

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: mp 180-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ8.63-8.59 (m, 1H), 7.84 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.57 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.04 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.45 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.28 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5.01 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.1, 163.0, 155.1, 149.4, 148.3, 144.9, 142.2, 137.3, 129.8, 129.7, 123.7, 123.67, 122.8, 121.9, 121.6, 119.4, 110.1, 107.0, 82.0, 57.4, 46.5; MS (ES+) m/z 371.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.125

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002345.tif" id="idf0345" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: mp 230-232 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.74 (s, 1H), 8.59 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.88-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.39-7.16 (m, 4H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.35-5.24 (m, 2H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.1, 162.9, 149.4, 148.8, 148.3, 144.8, 141.7, 135.1, 130.8, 129.8, 129.7, 123.9, 121.8, 119.4, 109.6, 106.9, 81.9, 57.2, 42.0; MS (ES+) m/z 371.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.126

Synthesis of 6-chloro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 380

Cl

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002346.tif" id="idf0346" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 6-chloro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 5 to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 6-chloro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: mp 197-199 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.60 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.83 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 10 6.79 (s, 1H), 5.35 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.16-3.86 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.9, 155.8, 151.7, 149.5, 141.8, 138.6, 138.3, 136.7, 130.9, 128.9, 123.6, 123.4, 122.6, 121.4, 118.2, 116.8, 109.4, 106.8, 81.7, 64.5, 63.8, 57.7, 46.3; MS (ES+) m/z 421.2 (M + 1), 423.2 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 4.127

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical 20 variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,4]benzodioxine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (38%) as a colorless solid: mp 132-134 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.60 381 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.60 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.13 (m, 4H), 7.01 (dd, J = 7.2, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.74 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.96-4.83 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.173.86 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.6, 156.0, 155.9, 149.4, 141.7, 139.6, 5 138.0, 136.7, 131.5, 128.6, 123.5, 123.2, 122.6, 121.4, 118.1, 115.7, 109.2, 102.4, 81.4, 64.5, 63.8, 57.2, 46.2; MS (ES+) m/z 387.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.128

Synthesis of tert-butyl 4-[(5,6-difluoro-2'-oxospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate 10

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15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using tert-butyl 4-(tosyloxymethyl)piperidine-1-carboxylate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, tert-butyl 4-[(5,6-difluoro-2'-oxospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (ddd, J = 9.0, 7.6, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.06 (m, 2H), 6.92 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.13 (br s, 2H), 3.74-3.56 (m, 2H), 2.69 (t, J = 12.4 Hz, 2H), 2.07-1.96 (m, 1H), 1.68-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.45 (s, 9H), 1.32-1.26 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 493.3 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 4.129

Synthesis of 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one

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382

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 5',6',7',8'-tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 5 3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5',6',7',8'- tetrahydrospiro[indole-3,3'-naphtho[2,3-b]furan]-2(1H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 139-141 oC; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.157.01 (m, 3H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.88 (dd, J = 8.9, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.5 Hz, 1H), 4.32-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.69 (m, 4H), 2.75-2.71 (m, 2H), 2.54 (br s, 10 2H), 2.10-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 5H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0 ,158.6, 142.9 , 138.8, 132.4, 130.0, 128.6, 126.5, 123.6, 123.4, 123.2, 110.1, 109.5 79.7, 76.9, 68.2, 57.9, 44.6, 29.9, 29.2, 29.0, 25.6, 23.2, 23.0; MS (ES+) m/z 375.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 4.130

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 4 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran, and 7H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2"(1'H)-one, 1' 20 (pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-g]quinoxaline-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (93%) as a pale orange solid: mp 232-233 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (m, 1H), 8.59 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.44 (d, J = 1.5 Hz, 1H), 8.05 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.77-7.67 (m, 1H), 7.56 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.10 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.84 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.56 (d, J = 16.5 Hz,

25 1H), 5.25 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 162.5, 155.9, 149.4, 144.9, 142.3, 142.1, 139.8, 139.8, 136.9, 132.6, 132.4, 128.8, 123.3, 123.2, 122.6, 121.9, 121.4, 116.6, 109.6, 82.6, 57.7, 46.5; MS (ES+) m/z 381.2 (M + 1). 383 EXAMPLE 5

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-

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carbonate (2.30 g, 7.1 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 30 min, and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine (0.34 g, 2.1 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (3 mL) was added dropwise. The mixture 10 was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, and additional cesium carbonate (0.68 g, 2.1 mmol) and 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine (0.20 g, 1.3 mmol) were added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 64 h. Water (60 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 60 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, 15 filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate 1:1) to afford 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.29 g, 73%) as a colorless solid: mp 203-204 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.86-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.44-6.41 20 (m, 2H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.59-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.01 (s, 3H), 3.10-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 165.4, 161.9, 161.3, 158.8, 141.1, 132.7, 128.8, 124.3, 123.9, 122.8, 120.1, 119.7, 118.7, 108.5, 93.3, 80.5, 72.4, 57.6, 55.1, 38.8, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 402.1 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 5.1

Syntheisis of 7'-chloro-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002351.tif" id="idf0351" />

384

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using 7'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2- 5 methoxypyrimidine, 7'-chloro-1'-((5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl)methyl)-5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (30%) as a colorless solid: mp 210-211 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.34-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.67-6.65 (m, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.34 (s, 2H), 4.85 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.48 (m, 2H), 10 2.94 (t, J = 3.0 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.4, 161.2, 160.4, 154.1, 139.4, 138.9, 137.2, 135.4, 130.5, 124.6, 122.8, 120.6, 120.1, 119.9, 118.7, 117.1, 114.3, 114.2, 108.7, 92.4, 79.8, 72.0, 56.6, 28.1. EXAMPLE 5.2

Synthesis of of (3R)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 15 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1 20 bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, (3R)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (86%) as a colorless solid: mp 86-87 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 25 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.88-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.02-3.96 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.58 (m, 3H), 1.00 (d, J = 6.3 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 161.7, 161.2, 142.3, 133.1, 128.6, 123.8, 123.0, 120.3, 119.8, 118.7, 108.4, 93.1, 80.5, 72.3, 57.6, 38.7, 36.1, 29.0, 26.0, 22.5, 22.4; MS (ES+) m/z 349.9 (M + 1). 385 EXAMPLE 5.3

Synthesis of (3R)-1'-pentyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002352.tif" id="idf0352" />

CH3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromopentane to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, (3R)-1'-pentyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (78%) as a 10 colorless solid: mp 128-129 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 8.64 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 2H), 3.87-3.63 (m, 2H), 2.99 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 2H), 1.79-1.69 (m, 2H), 1.40-1.35 (m, 4H), 0.94-0.89 (m, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 161.6, 161.2, 142.4, 133.0, 15 128.6, 123.8, 123.0, 120.3, 119.7, 118.7, 108.4, 93.1, 80.5, 72.3, 57.6, 40.3, 29.0, 27.1, 22.3, 13.9; MS (ES+) m/z 349.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.4

Synthesis of (3R)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (2-bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, 25 (3R)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-

2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%) as a colorless solid: mp 154-156 oC (diethyl ether); 1H 386 NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.53-8.51 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.13 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.98-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 5 161.0, 160.4, 155.2, 149.2, 142.4, 137.0, 132.2, 128.5, 123.4, 122.8, 122.6, 121.5, 120.6, 119.7, 119.2, 109.2, 92.3, 79.7, 72.0, 56.8, 44.7, 28.2; MS (ES+) m/z 371.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.5

Synthesis of (3R)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 10 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002353.tif" id="idf0353" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using (3R)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2 15 (bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, (3R)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: mp 68-70 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.75-6.74 (m, 20 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 5.12 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 161.8, 161.1, 151.9, 141.9, 141.2, 132.5, 128.8, 123.9, 123.7, 120.5, 120.0 (2C), 118.7, 112.6, 112.5, 109.2, 108.7, 93.1, 80.3, 72.3, 57.6, 36.8, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 427.9 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 5.6

Synthesis of (3S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 387

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002354.tif" id="idf0354" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using (3S)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (2 5 bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, (3S)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%) as a colorless solid: mp 154-156 °C (diethyl ether); mp 84-85 oC (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.53-8.51 (m, 1H), 7.82-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.38-7.13 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.98-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.61 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 10 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.49 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 161.0, 160.4, 155.2, 149.2, 142.4, 137.0, 132.2, 128.5, 123.4, 122.8, 122.6, 121.5, 120.6, 119.7, 119.2, 109.2, 92.3, 79.7, 72.0, 56.8, 44.7, 28.2; MS (ES+) m/z 371.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 5.7

Synthesis of (3S)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical 20 variations using (3S)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2- methoxypyrimidine, (3S)-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a 25 colorless solid: mp 64-65 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.75-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 2H), 5.12 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 388 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 161.8, 161.1, 151.9, 141.9, 141.2, 132.5, 128.8, 123.9, 123.7, 120.5, 120.0 (2C), 118.7, 112.6, 112.5, 109.2, 108.7, 93.1, 80.3, 72.3, 57.6, 36.8, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 427.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.8

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-

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10 15 variations using 3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2- methoxypyrimidine, 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)-dione was obtained (59%) as a colorless solid: mp 198-199°C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.37-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.18 (m, 3H), 7.12-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.77 (s, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.17-4.99 (m, 2H), 4.91-4.75 (m, 2H), 3.31 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.2, 156.8, 154.3, 152.9, 141.5, 136.1, 132.9, 131.4, 128.9, 123.6, 123.3, 121.5, 114.0 (2C), 109.8, 109.2, 104.2, 92.4, 79.3, 57.2, 36.4, 28.1; MS (ES+) m/z 456.4 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 5.9

Synthesis of 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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389 A heterogeneous mixture of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.41 g, 1.4 mmol), cesium carbonate (1.1 g, 3.5 mmol), 2-(chloromethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine (0.33 g, 1.7 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The mixture 5 was diluted with water (100 mL) and ethyl acetate (100 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 70 mL). The combined organic layers was washed with brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 25% to 35% gradient of ethyl acetate in 10 hexanes to afford 1'-{[6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.44 g, 70%) as a colorless solid: mp 195196 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.15-8.07 (m, 1H), 7.85-7.79 (m, 1H), 7.757.70 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.97-6.91 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 5.16 (ABq, J = 42.6, 16.9 Hz, 2H), 4.75 (ABq, J = 37.3, 9.3 Hz, 2H), 4.22 15 4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 156.5, 154.6, 146.0 (q, JC-F = 33.7 Hz), 144.1, 142.3, 139.4, 137.8, 131.7, 128.6, 125.4, 123.5, 123.0, 121.4 (q, JC-F = 272.7 Hz), 121.1, 119.5 (m), 111.4, 109.1, 98.6, 79.5, 64.1, 63.5, 57.2, 44.2; MS (ES+) m/z 455.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.10 20 Synthesis of 1'-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine to replace 2 25 (chloromethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-{[2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (63%) as a colorless solid: mp 219-220 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.70-8.65 (m, 1H), 7.77-7.66 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 5.14 (s, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, J = 42.3, 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.07 (m, 390 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 154.7, 147.9, 144.2, 143.4 (q, JC-F = 33.3 Hz), 142.0, 137.8, 136.3, 131.7, 130.8, 128.9, 127.7, 123.8, 123.3, 122.1 (q, JC-F = 275.6 Hz), 120.9, 111.6, 109.0, 98.7, 79.6, 64.2, 63.5, 57.2, 48.5; MS (ES+) m/z 455.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.11

Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazine to replace 2-(chloromethyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyrazin-2-yl]methyl}- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: mp 230-232 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.69-8.66 (m, 1H), 8.60-8.57 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.63-6.58 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 5.33 (ABq, J = 79.0, 17.6 Hz, 2H), 4.85 (ABq, J = 75.4, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.11 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 155.1, 148.9, 146.8, 144.6, 142.1, 141.8, 141.7 (q, JC-F = 36.1 Hz), 138.2, 132.6, 128.7, 124.0, 123.6, 121.6 (q, JC-F = 273.4 Hz), 121.2, 112.2, 108.2, 99.2, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 41.2 (q, JC-F = 3.9 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 455.9 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 5.12

Synthesis of 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 391

O

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O 3

O

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 3-(chloromethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-3-yl]methyl}- 5 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (51%) as a colorless solid: mp 131-132 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.78-8.72 (m, 1H), 8.51 (s, 1H), 7.64-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.05 (m, 1H), 6.65-6.60 (m, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.32-5.11 (m, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, J = 78.9, 8.9 Hz, 2H), 4.24-4.10 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.3, 149.9, 148.9, 144.8,

10 141.3, 138.4, 135.8 (q, JC-F = 32.8 Hz), 132.0, 129.1, 128.1, 124.3, 124.1, 123.0 (q, JC-F = 275.0 Hz), 120.4, 119.6 (m), 111.6, 108.8, 99.5, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 38.8 (m); MS (ES+) m/z 455.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 5.13

Synthesis of 1'-[(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002360.tif" id="idf0360" />

Cl

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 2-chloro-6-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-[(6-chloropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3- 20 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%) as a colorless solid: mp 181-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.67-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.28-7.22 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.90-6.84 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.23-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.98-4.89 (m, 2H), 4.70-4.65 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 156.4, 155.2, 151.2, 144.6, 141.7, 139.7, 392 138.3, 132.1, 128.9, 123.9, 123.7, 123.4, 120.8, 119.9, 111.6, 109.3, 99.4, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.4; MS (ES+) m/z 420.7 (M + 1), 422.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.14

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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N

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3- 10 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: mp 248-249 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.64 (s, 2H), 7.347.27 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.10 (s, 1H), 4.984.85 (m, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, J = 49.9, 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.21-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.89 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 164.6, 158.9, 154.6, 144.1, 141.6, 137.7, 131.8, 15 128.7, 123.6, 123.5, 123.1, 121.0, 110.9, 109.2, 98.7, 79.3, 64.1, 63.5, 57.1, 54.6, 38.0; MS (ES+) m/z 418.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.15

Synthesis of 1'-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

NO

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyridine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, 1'-[(6-methoxypyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (34%) as 20 393 a colorless solid: mp 161-162 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.26-8.22 (m, 1H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.08 (m, 2H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.84-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 4.91-4.86 (m, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, J = 42.8, 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.82 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 163.0, 154.6, 5 145.9, 144.1, 141.8, 138.5, 137.7, 131.7, 128.7, 125.0, 123.6, 123.1, 121.1, 110.8, 110.7, 109.3, 98.8, 79.3, 64.1, 63.5, 57.2, 53.1; MS (ES+) m/z 416.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.16

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 10

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15 20

Following the procedure as described in Example 5.9, making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)pyrazine to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: mp 216-218 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.65-8.62 (m, 1H), 8.58-8.50 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.13 (ABq, J = 55.5, 16.1 Hz, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, J = 81.0, 9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.2, 151.2, 144.6, 144.2, 143.9, 143.8, 141.7, 138.3, 132.2, 128.8, 124.0, 123.7, 120.8, 111.7, 109.1, 99.4, 80.0, 64.5, 63.8, 58.0, 43.7; MS (ES+) m/z 387.8 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C22H17N3O4: C, 68.21; H, 4.42; N, 10.85. Found: C, 67.81; H, 4.39; N, 10.84. EXAMPLE 5.17 25 Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 394

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variations using 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 5 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-[(2-methoxypyrimidin-5-yl)methyl]- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: mp 102-104 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 2H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.11-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.85-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 10 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 4.98-4.77 (m, 3H), 4.66-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.24-4.09 (m, 4H), 4.00 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 165.4, 158.8, 155.2, 144.7, 141.2, 138.4, 132.2, 128.9, 124.3, 123.9, 122.7, 120.5, 111.4, 108.5, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 57.9, 55.1, 38.9; MS (ES+) m/z 417.8 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C23H19N3O5: C, 66.18; H, 4.59; N, 10.07. Found: C, 65.94; H, 4.68; N, 9.77. 15 EXAMPLE 5.18

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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20 variations using 2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine hydrochloride to replace 3-(chloromethyl)-2-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (59%) as a colorless solid: mp 25 210-212 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.72-8.68 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 3H), 7.06 6.99 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.21 (ABq, J = 82.1, 17.0 Hz, 2H), 4.86 (ABq, J = 81.2, 8.9Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.10 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (300 MHz, 395 CDCl3) δ 177.8, 164.6, 157.5, 155.1, 144.5, 142.2, 138.2, 132.6, 128.6, 123.8, 123.3, 121.5, 119.8, 112.3, 108.7, 99.1, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.7; MS (ES+) m/z 387.9 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd for C22H17N3O4: C, 68.21; H, 4.42; N, 10.85. Found: C, 68.17; H, 4.41; N, 10.76. EXAMPLE 5.19

Synthesis of 6-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione

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10 15 20

To a stirred solution of 6-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione (0.07 g, 0.21 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added cesium carbonate (0.20 g, 0.61 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (0.08 g, 0.31 mmol) was added and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h. The mixture was diluted with water and ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (3/2) to afford 6-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[1,4-dioxino[2,3-f]indole-8,3'-indole]-2',7(1'H,6H)-dione (0.02 g, 26%): mp 87-89 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64-8.63 (m, 1H), 7.71-7.62 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.17 (m, 2H), 6.96-6.47 (m, 3H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 5.33 (s, 2H), 4.24-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.22 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 414.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.20

Synthesis of 4'-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 396 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002366.tif" id="idf0366" />

A mixture of 4'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.31 g, 1.00 mmol), 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride (0.29 g, 1.50 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.98 g, 3.00 mmol) in N,N'-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was heated at 60 °C for 2 h and was filtered while hot.

The filtrate was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and water was added, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water (50 mL) and dried under vacuum. The residue was recrystallized from N,N'-dimethylformamide/water to afford 4'-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.39 g, 82%) as a beige solid: mp 245-247 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.68 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 8.27 (d, J = 7.65 Hz, 1H), 7.59 (dd, J = 7.8, 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.30 (ddd, J = 8.2, 8.2, 5.8 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.82 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 5.25 (ABq, J = 17.4 Hz, 2H), 4.79 (q, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.10 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5, 157.9 (d, 1JC-F = 247 Hz), 154.6, 152.3, 152.1 (d, 5JC-F = 1.2 Hz), 144.9 (d, 4JC-F = 8.9 Hz), 144.3, 137.6, 135.1 (q, 4JC-F = 4.9 Hz), 130.8 (d, 4JC-F = 8.6 Hz), 125.6 (q, 1JC-F = 274 Hz), 123.0, 122.9 (d, 2JC-F = 32.3 Hz), 119.4, 117.1 (d, 3JC-F = 19.3 Hz), 111.5, 109.9 (d, 3JC-F = 19.9 Hz), 105.7 (d, 5JC-F = 2.9 Hz), 98.4, 77.4, 64.1, 63.5, 56.0 (d, 5JC-F = 1.7 Hz), 42.3 (q, 5JC-F = 3.3 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 460.9 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 5.21

Synthesis of 1'-[(2,2-difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002367.tif" id="idf0367" />

A mixture of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-25 one (0.29 g, 1.00 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane (0.21 g, 1.20 397 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.65 g, 2.00 mmol) and N,N'-dimethylformamide (2.5 mL) was heated at 40 °C for 2 h and filtered while hot. The filtrate was allowed to cool to ambient temperature and water was added, causing a precipitate to be deposited. The solid was collected by filtration, washed with water and dried under vacuum. The 5 residue was recrystallized from ethanol/diethyl ether to afford 1'-[(2,2- difluorocyclopropyl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.28 g, 73%) as a colourless solid: mp 162-164 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.35 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.23 (dd, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (d, J = 1.9 Hz, 1H), 6.13 (d, J = 6.2 Hz, 10 1H), 4.71 (dd, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (dd, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.17 (dd, J = 3.7 Hz, 2H), 4.10 (dd, J = 3.4 Hz, 2H), 3.87 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 2.33-2.14 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.60 (m, 1H), 1.48-1.29 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5 (d, 4JC-F = 15.9 Hz), 154.5 (d, 6JC-F = 1.4 Hz), 144.1 (d, 6JC-F = 1.9 Hz), 141.9, 137.7 (d, 5JC-F = 3.9 Hz), 131.7 (d, 6JC-F = 2.3 Hz), 128.8, 123.5, 122.9 (d, 6JC-F = 1.6 Hz), 121.2 (d, 5JC-F = 4.1 Hz), 114.3 (q, 15 1JC-F = 283.4 Hz), 110.9 (d, 2JC-F = 18.1 Hz), 109.1, 98.7 (d, 5JC-F = 3.6 Hz), 79.2 (d, 5JC- F = 3.7 Hz), 64.1, 63.5, 57.1 (d, 6JC-F = 2.4 Hz), 36.6 (t, 3JC-F = 5.9 Hz), 20.1 (t, 2JC-F = 17.4 Hz), 14.7 (t, 2JC-F = 10.7 Hz); MS (ES+) m/z 386.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.22

Synthesis of 1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 20 one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002368.tif" id="idf0368" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.21 and making noncritical variations using dimethyl sulfate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane, 1'-methyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-

25 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (28%) as a colourless solid: mp 152-154 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.34 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15-7.01 (m, 3H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 4.13 (dd, J = 4.5, 2.8 Hz, 4H), 3.14 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 155.1, 144.5, 143.7, 138.2, 132.2, 129.2, 123.7, 123.3, 121.7, 111.8, 109.3, 99.1, 79.9, 64.6, 64.0, 57.6, 26.9; MS (ES+) m/z 310.2 (M + 1). 398 EXAMPLE 5.23

Synthesis of 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.21 and making noncritical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)-4-(trifluoromethyl)thiazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-1,1-difluorocyclopropane, 1'-{[4-(trifluoromethyl)-1,3-thiazol-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (58%) as a colourless solid: mp 169-170 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.49 (s, 1H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.36 (ABq, J = 16.9 Hz, 2H), 4.74 (dd, J = 9.4 Hz, 2H), 4.14 (dd, J = 4.7, 3.1 Hz, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.5, 168.6, 154.5, 144.1, 143.3, 142.2 (d, 2JC-F = 36.5 Hz), 137.8, 131.6, 128.8, 124.5 (q, 3JC-F = 6.6 Hz), 123.7, 123.4, 120.9, 120.3 (q, 1JC-F = 270 Hz), 111.1, 109.1, 98.7, 79.2, 64.1, 63.5, 57.1, 41.1; MS (ES+) m/z 460.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.24

Synthesis of (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002370.tif" id="idf0370" />

(trifluoromethyl)pyridine, (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetonitrile was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: mp 161-162 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ D7.35-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.10 (m, 2H), 25 7.04 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 3.7 Hz, 2H), 4.63 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.05 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.6, 155.2, 144.9, 139.7, 138.5, 131.6, 129.3, 124.8, 124.4, 120.1, 113.6, 111.6, 399 108.7, 99.6, 79.9, 64.5, 63.9, 57.9, 28.0; MS (ES+) m/z 334.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.25

Synthesis of 9-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002372.tif" id="idf0372" />

10 15 A 50 mL round bottom flask was charged with 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.63 g, 2.0 mmol), 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide (0.51 g, 2.0 mmol), cesium carbonate (3.26 g, 10.0 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (20 mL). The reaction mixture was heated at 90 °C for 1 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered and the filtrate concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 70% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane afforded 9-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.46 g, 57%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.45 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.40-6.87 (m, 6H), 6.19 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.27-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 155.6, 149.6, 143.1, 142.1, 142.0, 139.2, 139.2, 138.5, 137.5, 135.3, 133.9, 133.7, 131.5, 129.3, 124.1, 123.4, 123.2, 122.7, 122.7, 122.1, 109.9, 106.6, 106.6, 80.8, 64.7, 64.1, 58.0, 58.0, 45.2; MS (ES+) m/z 404.8 (M +1). 20 EXAMPLE 5.26

Synthesis of 9-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.25 and making non-25 critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to 400 replace 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide, 9-fluoro-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (25%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.62 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 8.21 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.53 (dd, J = 7.7, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.28-6.83 (m, 4H),

5 6.29 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 5.20 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.27-4.10 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 152.8, 143.4, 142.0, 141.9, 139.2, 139.2, 138.5, 135.5, 135.4, 135.4, 135.2, 133.9, 133.7, 131.5, 129.3, 126.1, 124.1, 123.7, 123.4, 123.4, 123.2, 122.8, 122.8, 122.5, 109.6, 106.8, 106.8, 80.6, 64.7, 64.1, 58.0, 58.0, 42.4, 42.4; MS (ES+) m/z 472.9 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 5.27

Synthesis of 9-fluoro-1'-[(5-hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.25 and making non- 15 critical variations using 5-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide, 1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridine-2-yl]methyl}-9-fluoro- 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (59%) was obtained as a colorless solid: MS (ES+) m/z 511.0 (M + 1). A mixture of the 1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridine-2-yl]methyl}-9-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 20 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one from the last step, palladium on carbon (10% w/w, 0.2 g), methanol (50 mL) and acetic acid (1 drop) was hydrogenated at a pressure of 50 psi at ambient temperature for 5 h. The reaction mixture was filtered and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 70% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane to afford 9-fluoro-1'-[(5- 25 hydroxypyridin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one (0.37 g, 46%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 9.88 (s, 1H), 8.00 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.09 (m, 4H), 7.01-6.87 (m, 2H), 6.12 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (ABq ,2H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H), 4.29-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.0, 152.8, 145.2, 142.6, 141.5, 141.4, 138.7, 138.0, 137.1, 134.8, 401 133.4, 133.2, 131.0, 128.8, 123.5, 123.0, 122.8, 122.4, 122.2, 109.5, 106.0, 80.2, 64.3, 63.6, 57.5, 44.2; MS (ES+) m/z 421.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.28

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro-[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-5 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002375.tif" id="idf0375" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.25 and making noncritical variations using 7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one to replace 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 10 one, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro-[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (87%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.46 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.71-7.77 (m, 1H), 7.37-6.88 (m, 6H), 6.64 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.03 (ABq, 2H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H), 4.04-3.84 (m, 2H), 2.66 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.881.67 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.1, 155.7, 154.3, 149.7, 149.4, 143.0, 15 137.5, 132.3, 129.1, 128.6, 123.9, 123.6, 123.4, 123.1, 122.0, 111.5, 110.4, 109.8, 79.3, 66.2, 58.0, 45.2, 25.2, 22.1; MS (ES+) m/z 384.8 (M +1). EXAMPLE 5.29

Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002376.tif" id="idf0376" />

25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.25 and making noncritical variations using 7,8-dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1H)-one to replace 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide, 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-7,8- 402 dihydro-6H-spiro[furo[2,3-g]chromene-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (2%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.65 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.25 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 7.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (s, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.22 (ABq, 5 J = 39.2 Hz, 2H), 4.72 (ABq, J = 18.8 Hz, 2H), 4.04-3.95 (m, 2H), 2.70 (t, J = 6.4 Hz, 2H), 1.89-1.77 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.1, 155.7, 154.3, 149.7, 149.4, 143.0, 137.5, 132.3, 129.1, 128.6, 123.9, 123.6, 123.4, 123.1, 122.0, 111.5, 110.4, 109.8, 79.3, 66.2, 58.0, 45.2, 25.2, 22.1; MS (ES+) m/z 453.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.30 10 Synthesis of ethyl 2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002377.tif" id="idf0377" />

A 50 mL round-bottom flask was charged with 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.0 g, 6.8 mmol), ethyl 2 15 (bromomethyl)nicotinate (2.3 g, 9.4 mmol), cesium carbonate (6.62 g, 20.3 mmol), potassium iodide (0.17 g, 1.0 mmol) and N,N-dimethylformamide (30 mL). The reaction mixture was stirred under nitrogen at 95 oC for 1 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 30% gradient of ethyl acetate in 20 dichloromethane afforded ethyl 2-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridine-3-carboxylate (2.4 g, 79%) as an off-white solid: MS (ES+) m/z 459.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.31

Synthesis of 1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)- 25 one 5,5'-dioxide 403

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002378.tif" id="idf0378" />

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002379.tif" id="idf0379" />

N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.25 and making noncritical variations using spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)-one 5,5'-dioxide to replace 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 5 2'(1'H)-one, 1-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[indole-3,3'-thieno[2,3-f][1]benzofuran]-2(1H)- one 5,5'-dioxide was obtained (43%) as an off-white solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.44 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.87-6.91 (m, 11H), 5.11 (ABq, 2H), 4.96 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0, 165.5, 155.2, 149.4, 143.0, 137.6, 134.3, 131.1, 129.9, 129.1, 128.6, 128.5, 126.4, 124.4, 124.1, 123.8, 123.3, 122.9, 111.4, 110.4, 81.3, 56.4, 10 44.8; MS (ES+) m/z 416.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.32

Synthesis of 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002380.tif" id="idf0380" />

15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)pyrimidine hydrochloride to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2- methoxypyrimidine, 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%): mp 278-279 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.67 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.05-6.94 (m, 1H), 6.72-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 5.19 (ABq,,2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.21-4.02 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 164.6, 157.5, 155.1, 144.5, 142.2, 138.2, 132.6, 128.6, 123.8, 123.3, 121.5, 119.8, 112.3, 108.7, 99.1, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.7; MS (ES+) m/z 387.9 (M + 1). 25 404 EXAMPLE 5.33

Synthesis of 1'-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002381.tif" id="idf0381" />

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-4,6-dimethoxypyrimidine to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, 1'-[(4,6-dimethoxypyrimidin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

10 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (90%): mp 169-170 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.21-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.81-6.67 (m, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 5.89 (s, 1H), 4.98 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.23-4.00 (m, 4H), 3.80 (s, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 447.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.34 15 Synthesis of 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 20 replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2- (bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%): mp 94-95 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ8.56 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.59 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.09 (m, 4H), 7.05-6.95 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.82 (m, 2H), 6.81 25 6.73 (m, 1H), 6.37 (s, 1H), 5.08 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 3.93 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.62 (t, J = 4.7 Hz, 2H), 3.36 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3 δ 177.2, 155.5, 155.1, 405 153.7, 149.5, 142.1, 137.1, 132.0, 129.6, 128.9, 123.8, 123.5, 122.8, 121.6, 115.8, 110.5, 110.4, 109.5, 79.8, 71.0, 68.1, 59.1, 58.5, 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 403.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.35

Synthesis of 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5 and making non-critical variations using 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 5-(chloromethyl)-2-methoxypyrimidine, 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (65%): mp 140-142 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.65 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.25-7.11 (m, 4H), 7.06-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.68-6.62 (m, 1H), 6.59-6.54 (m, 1H), 6.44-6.38 (m, 1H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.87 (ABq, 2H), 4.11-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.77-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 162.1, 160.7, 155.6, 149.5, 142.1, 137.0, 132.4, 128.8, 123.8, 123.6, 123.5, 122.7, 121.6, 121.1, 109.5, 108.2, 97.3, 80.5, 70.9, 67.6, 59.2, 57.7, 46.1; MS (ES+) m/z 403.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.36 20

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f] [1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 5.30 and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 406 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace ethyl 2-(bromomethyl)nicotinate, 1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f] [1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: mp 205-206 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.52 (d, 1H, J = 4.7 Hz), 7.79 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.20 (m, 4H), 5 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.29 (ABq, 2H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.27 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 155.2, 149.2, 148.8, 144.6, 142.5, 137.0, 131.6, 129.2, 128.6, 123.6, 122.9, 122.6, 122.4, 121.4, 114.4, 109.8, 109.2, 80.2, 64.1, 63.9, 57.3, 44.8; MS (ES+) m/z 387.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.37 10 Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihyrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002384.tif" id="idf0384" />

15 (10 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo and anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added.

To this mixture was added 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.300 g, 1.01 mmol), cesium carbonate (0.926 g, 2.84 mmol), potassium iodide (0.094 g, 0.57 mmol) and anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) and the 20 mixture was heated at 90 °C for 1 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, concentrated in vacuo, and the resulting residue was taken up in water (50 mL), sonicated and filtered. The solid was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 0% to 40% gradient of ethyl acetate in dichloromethane followed by recrystallization from methanol to afford 1'-{[3- 25 (trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihyrospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,4]benzodioxine-7,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.123 g, 27%) as a colorless solid: mp 206-207 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) □δ 8.72 (d, J = 4.4 Hz, 1H), 8.24 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.55 (dd, J = 7.8, 5.0 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.01 (dd, J = 11.3, 3.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (s, 2H), 5.22 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.27 (s, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, 407 DMSO-d6) δ 177.0, 152.6, 152.4, 148.7, 144.6, 142.9, 134.9, 131.7, 129.1, 128.6, 123.5, 123.0, 122.8, 122.6, 122.5, 122.0, 114.8, 110.0, 108.9, 80.1, 64.1, 63.9, 57.3, 41.8; MS (ES+) m/z 455.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 5.38 5 Synthesis of 6-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002385.tif" id="idf0385" />

10 hydrobromide, and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 9-fluoro-2,3-dihydro-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-[(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrdimidine-2,4(1H,3H)-dione was obtained (5%) as an off-white solid: mp &gt; 300 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 11.11 (s, 1H), 11.05 (s, 1H), 7.29 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J 15 = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (s, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 5.90 (s, 2H), 5.14 (s, 1H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 4.60 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.4, 164.2, 155.9, 151.8, 151.5, 148.8, 142.3, 142.2, 132.1, 129.4, 124.2, 123.9, 120.1, 109.8, 103.6, 101.9, 96.9, 93.8, 80.4, 57.9, 40.5; MS (ES+) m/z 406.3 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 6

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole- 7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002386.tif" id="idf0386" />

To a stirred solution of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25 (1.33 g, 4.73 mmol) in acetone (50 mL) and 2-butanone (10 mL) were added cesium 408 carbonate (3.10 g, 9.46 mmol) and 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole (1.00 g, 5.92 mmol). The reaction was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, then filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15 % to 50 % gradient) to afford 1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4- 5 thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.43 g, 22%) as a colorless solid: mp 114-116 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.29 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.21 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 2H), 6.71 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.93 (d, J = 3.0 Hz, 2H), 5.24 (ABq, 2H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.2, 174.2, 170.6, 155.7, 148.8, 142.4, 142.2, 132.2, 129.3, 124.1, 10 123.7, 120.4, 109.8, 103.5, 101.9, 93.8, 79.9, 57.9, 41.6; MS (ES+) m/z 414.1 (M + 1), 416.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.1

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002387.tif" id="idf0387" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical variations using 4'-chlorospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-chloro-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20 was obtained (17%) as a colorless solid: mp 174-176 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.17 (dd, J = 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 5.86 (ABq, 2H), 5.16 (ABq, 2H), 4.95 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 174.9, 169.4, 156.8, 149.2, 143.3, 142.1, 131.7, 130.1, 128.4, 124.5, 166.5, 107.2, 103.2, 101.5, 93.2, 77.2, 58.8, 41.6; MS (ES+) m/z 447.9 (M + 1), 449.9 25 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.2

Synthesis of 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one 409 10 15 20

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3 3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.15-6.97 (m, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (dd, J = 8.9, 1.8 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (dd, J = 8.9, 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.32 (m, 1H), 2.19 (s, 3H), 2.05 (s, 3H), 1.92-1.80 (m, 1H), 1.73-1.27 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 159.1, 143.2, 138.3, 132.6, 129.3, 128.6, 126.3, 123.9, 123.6, 123.1, 111.4, 109.7, 79.7, 75.6, 68.4, 58.0, 45.7, 29.6, 25.8, 23.0, 20.3, 19.4; MS (ES+) m/z 364.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.3

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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O &gt;

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical variations using 3-chloro-2-chloromethylthiophene (Morton et al. Tetrahedron Lett. (2000), 41:3029-3034) to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, 1'-[(3-chlorothiophen-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (38%) as an off-white solid: mp 161-163 oC; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.08-6.93 (m, 2H), 6.88 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 5.86 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 2H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 156.0, 148.9, 142.4, 141.2, 132.1, 131.4, 129.0, 127.6, 125.1, 124.1, 124.0, 123.7, 119.3, 109.2, 103.2, 101.5, 93.6, 80.5, 58.3, 37.0; MS 25 410 (ES+) m/z 412.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.4

Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-

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variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methyl isoxazole to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, and acetone as the solvent, 1'-{[3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-5-methylisoxazol-4-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-

10 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 190-192 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.39-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.10-7.01 (m, 1H), 7.00-6.88 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.20 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (s, 1H), 5.83 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 2H), 4.59 (ABq, 2H), 4.58 (ABq, 2H), 2.64 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 169.2, 158.6, 156.0, 148.9, 142.3, 141.5, 136.0, 135.6, 131.8, 131.6, 128.6, 128.3, 128.1, 127.9, 123.9, 15 123.2, 119.0, 110.2, 107.7, 103.1, 101.5, 93.6, 80.6, 57.9, 33.3, 11.7; MS (ES+) m/z 521.3 (M + 1), 523.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.5

Synthesis of 1'-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20 25

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002391.tif" id="idf0391" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical variations using 4-(chloromethyl)-2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazole to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, and acetone as the solvent, 1'-({2-[4-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-1,3-thiazol-4-yl}methyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (36%) as a colorless solid: mp 151-153 °C; 1H NMR 411 (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.67 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.30-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s, 2H), 5.13 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 166.8, 155.9, 152.5, 148.9, 142.3, 141.9, 136.4, 132.2, 131.7 (q, J = 32.6 Hz), 128.9, 126.7, 126.0 5 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 125.7, 123.9, 123.6, 122.1, 119.5, 117.0, 109.5, 103.1, 101.5, 93.7, 80.3, 58.3, 40.4; MS (ES+) m/z 523.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.6

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002392.tif" id="idf0392" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazole to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, and 2-butanone as the solvent, 1'-[(5-phenyl-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was 15 obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: mp 151-153 °C; mp 158-160 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.02-7.94 (m, 2H), 7.56-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.27 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (d, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s, 2H), 5.26 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 165.8, 161.0, 155.9, 149.1, 142.5, 140.8, 132.1, 131.8, 129.3, 129.2,

20 127.0, 124.2, 124.1, 123.3, 119.1, 109.0, 103.1, 101.6, 93.7, 80.2, 58.2, 35.1; MS (ES+) m/z 440.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.7

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002393.tif" id="idf0393" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 6 and making non-critical 412 variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazole to replace 5-chloro-3-(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, and 2-butanone as the solvent, 1'-{[5-(4-chlorophenyl)-1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: mp 161-162 °C; 1H NMR (300 5 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.91 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 7.27 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.85 (s, 2H), 5.25 (ABq, 2H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 165.0, 161.2, 155.9, 149.1, 142.5, 140.7, 138.4, 131.8, 129.6, 129.3, 128.3, 124.3, 124.2, 121.7,119.1, 109.0, 103.0, 101.6, 93.7, 80.2, 58.2, 35.0; 10 MS (ES+) m/z 474.2 (M + 1), 476.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 6.8

Synthesis of 1'-([1,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002394.tif" id="idf0394" />

(chloromethyl)-1,2,4-thiadiazole, and 2-butanone as the solvent, 1'-([1,3]oxazolo[4,5-b]pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (11%) as a colorless solid: mp 202-204 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 20 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.16 (m, 3H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5

Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.86 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 5.30 (ABq, 2H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 117.4, 163.3, 155.9, 155.0, 149.1, 146.9, 143.4, 142.4, 141.0, 131.9, 129.2, 127.8, 124.1, 120.7, 119.2, 118.8, 109.0, 103.3, 101.6, 93.6, 80.4, 58.3, 38.0; MS (ES+) m/z 414.3 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 7

Synthesis of 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 413

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002395.tif" id="idf0395" />

O &gt;

O XM'" 10 15 A mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.99 g, 7.08 mmol), 4-methoxybenzyl chloride (1.30 mL, 9.6 mmol), potassium iodide (0.17 g, 0.99 mmol) and cesium carbonate (4.68 g, 14.4 mmol) in 2-butanone (45 mL) was stirred at reflux under nitrogen for 16 h. The reaction was cooled, diluted with ethyl acetate and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography with hexanes/ethyl acetate (4:1) to afford 1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.52 g, 89%) as a colorless solid: mp 147148 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 7.21 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J = 7.5, 0.6 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.4, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 6.83 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.13 (s, 1H), 5.88 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.87 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 15.3 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.79 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 402.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.1

Synthesis of 1'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002396.tif" id="idf0396" />

20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3- (trifluoromethyl)benzyl chloride to replace 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, 1'-[3-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 25 one was obtained (92%) as a colorless solid: mp 131-134 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 414 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.62-7.43 (m, 4H), 7.25-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.14 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23 4.18 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.11 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.4, 144.8, 5 141.8, 138.5, 137.0, 132.3, 131.4 (q, J = 32.4 Hz), 130.7, 129.7, 129.0, 124.9 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 124.25, 124.22 (q, J = 3.7 Hz), 124.0 (q, J = 272.4 Hz), 123.8, 120.9, 111.6, 109.1, 99.6, 80.2, 64.7, 64.0, 58.2, 43.8; MS (ES+) m/z 453.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.2 10

Synthesis of methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002397.tif" id="idf0397" />

CH3 15 20 25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and methyl 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furoate to replace 4-methoxybenzyl chloride, methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate was obtained (92%) as a colorless solid: mp 88-92 °C (hexanes/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (dd, J = 7.2, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.37 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.12 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.10 (m, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 158.9, 155.3, 153.4, 144.8, 144.4, 141.4, 138.4, 132.2, 129.1, 124.1, 123.9, 120.9, 119.1, 111.7, 110.3, 109.1, 99.5, 80.1, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 52.1, 37.4; MS (ES+) m/z 433.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.3

Synthesis of (S)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 415 10 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002398.tif" id="idf0398" />

A suspension of (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.0 g, 3.4 mmol), cesium carbonate (3.3 g, 10.2 mmol) and 1-bromopentane (1.02 g, 6.77 mmol) in anhydrous 1,4-dioxane (25 mL) was heated at reflux under nitrogen for 2 h. The reaction mixture was allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. Purification of the residue by column chromatography and eluted with a 15% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes, followed by recrystallization from methanol afforded (S)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one as an off-white solid (0.89 g, 72%): mp 111-113 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ 7.23-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.13 (dd, J = 7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.00-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.59 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.62 (m, 2H), 1.43-1.28 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.2, 144.5, 142.4, 138.2, 132.5, 128.7, 123.9, 123.0, 121.1, 111.4, 108.5, 99.3, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 40.3, 29.0, 27.1, 22.3, 14.0; MS (ES+) m/z 366.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.4

Synthesis of (R)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002399.tif" id="idf0399" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using (R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (R)-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was 20 416 obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H), 6.99-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.06 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.59 (m, 2H), 1.82-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.421.28 (m, 4H), 0.89 (t, J = 6.8 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.2, 144.5, 5 142.4, 138.2, 132.5, 128.7, 123.9, 123.0, 121.2, 111.4, 108.5, 99.3, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 40.3, 29.0, 27.1, 22.3, 14.0; MS (ES+) m/z 366.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.5

Synthesis of 1'-hexyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002400.tif" id="idf0400" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromohexane to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-hexyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

15 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25-7.29 (dt, J = 7.74, 7.71, 1.05 Hz, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.98-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.86-3.59 (m, 2H), 1.80-1.63 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.22 (m, 6H), 0.87 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.2, 144.5, 142.4, 138.2, 20 132.5, 128.7, 123.9, 123.0, 121.2, 111.4, 108.5, 99.3, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 40.3, 31.4, 27.4, 26.5, 22.5, 14.0; MS (ES+) m/z 379.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.6

Synthesis of 1'-(2-cyclopropylethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 417

O

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002401.tif" id="idf0401" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 25 cyclopropylethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(2- cyclopropylethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (59%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.12 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 6.96-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.03 (m, 4H), 3.94-3.71 (m, 2H), 0.79-0.64 (m, 1H), 0.50-0.37 (m, 2H), 10 0.11-0.04 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.2, 144.5, 142.6, 138.2, 132.4, 128.7, 123.9, 123.0, 121.1, 111.5, 108.5, 99.3, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 57.9, 40.4, 32.4, 8.6, 4.4; MS (ES+) m/z 364.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.7 15

Synthesis of 1'-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002402.tif" id="idf0402" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to

replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-2-ethoxyethane to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(2-ethoxyethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (50%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31-7.21 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.07-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 4H), 4.033.80 (m, 2H), 3.74-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.49 (q, J = 7.0 Hz, 2H), 1.14 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 3H); 13C 20 418 NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.1, 144.5, 142.6, 138.2, 132.3, 128.6, 123.6, 123.1, 121.2, 111.5, 109.2, 99.2, 80.0, 67.4, 66.6, 64.5, 63.9, 57.9, 40.4, 15.1; MS (ES+) m/z 368.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.8 5 Synthesis of 1'-(4-methoxybutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002403.tif" id="idf0403" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 10 replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-4-methoxybutane to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(4-methoxybutyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (93%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-6.86 (m, 4H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 1H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H), 4.18-4.04 (m, 4H), 3.88-3.63 (m, 2H), 3.44-3.37 (m, 2H), 3.30 (s, 15 3H), 1.88-1.56 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 155.2, 144.5, 142.3, 138.2, 132.5, 128.8, 123.9, 123.1, 121.1, 111.4, 108.6, 99.3, 80.1, 72.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.6, 57.9, 40.0, 26.9, 24.3; MS (ES+) m/z 381.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.9

Synthesis of 1'-(3-methoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002404.tif" id="idf0404" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 419 replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-3-methoxypropane to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(3-methoxypropyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-6.93 (m, 4H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 5 1H), 4.72 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.04 (m, 4H), 3.94-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.41 (t, J = 5.9 Hz, 2H), 3.30 (s, 3H), 2.01-1.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 155.2, 144.5, 142.5, 138.2, 132.4, 128.8, 123.8, 123.1, 121.1, 111.4, 108.5, 99.3, 80.0, 69.7, 64.5, 63.9, 58.7, 57.9, 37.6, 27.8; MS (ES+) m/z 367.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.10 10 Synthesis of 1'-(3-nitrobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002405.tif" id="idf0405" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 15 replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(bromomethyl)-3-nitrobenzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(3-nitrobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.19 (s, 1H), 8.12 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 7.77 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.60-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.28-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.13 20 (s, 1H), 5.07 (ABq, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.18-4.03 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 155.2, 148.4, 144.7, 142.3, 139.1, 138.3, 134.2, 132.1, 130.8, 129.3, 124.2, 123.7, 122.9, 122.3, 121.5, 111.5, 109.8, 99.3, 79.9, 64.6, 64.0, 57.7, 42.8; MS (ES+) m/z 430.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.11 25 Synthesis of 1'-(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine- 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 420

O

O 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002406.tif" id="idf0406" />

N

^S

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 5-(chloromethyl)thiazole to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(1,3-thiazol-5-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (56%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 8.72 (s, 1H), 7.89 (s, 1H), 7.29-6.86 (m, 4H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.16 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.13 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.03 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 155.2, 153.8, 144.7, 142.6, 141.0, 138.3, 133.0, 132.2, 128.9, 124.1, 123.8, 120.7, 111.5, 108.7, 99.4, 79.9, 64.5, 63.9, 57.9, 36.2; MS (ES+) m/z 392.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.12

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 15

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002407.tif" id="idf0407" />

20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (53%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.83 (s, 1H), 7.89 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 7.42-6.81 (m, 5H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.13 (ABq, 2H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 159.4, 155.2, 146.5, 146.5, 144.7, 141.7, 138.3, 134.3, 134.3, 134.2, 132.1, 128.9, 126.1, 125.6, 125.1, 124.0, 123.7, 121.4, 120.8, 111.6, 109.2, 99.4, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 45.7; MS (ES+) m/z 454.9 (M + 1). 25 421 EXAMPLE 7.13

Synthesis of 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002408.tif" id="idf0408" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.62 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.32-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.716.54 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.22-5.28 (m, 2H), 4.80-4.90 (m, 2H) , 4.21-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 155.1, 152.3, 144.5, 142.3, 138.2, 134.3, 134.2, 134.1, 134.1, 132.7, 129.2, 128.6, 125.6, 124.9, 124.5, 124.1, 123.8, 123.6, 123.2, 122.1, 122.0, 121.6, 112.4, 108.5, 99.1, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.2, 42.2, 42.2; MS (ES+) m/z 454.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.14

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-pyridin-3-ylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002409.tif" id="idf0409" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 5-(chloromethyl)-3-(pyridin-3-yl)isoxazole to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(3-pyridin-3- 25 ylisoxazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 422 one was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) 8.96 (s, 1H), 8.65 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 7.39-6.98 (m, 5H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 5.10 (ABq, 2H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.03 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 167.7, 160.3, 155.2, 151.2, 147.9, 144.7, 141.0, 138.3, 134.0, 5 131.9, 129.1, 124.7, 124.1, 124.1, 123.7, 120.5, 111.5, 108.8, 100.9, 99.4, 79.9, 64.5, 63.8, 57.9, 35.8; MS (ES+) m/z 453.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.15

Synthesis of (8R)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 10 15 20

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002410.tif" id="idf0410" />

O

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using (R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace 1-bromopentane, (8R)-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3- dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,3]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.63 (d, J = 4.5 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34-6.96 (m, 4H), 6.62 (s, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 5.26 (ABq, 2H), 4.85 (, 2H), 4.21-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 155.1, 152.3, 144.5, 142.3, 138.2, 134.3, 134.2, 134.1, 134.0, 132.7, 128.5, 125.6, 124.9, 124.5, 124.1, 123.8, 123.2, 122.1, 122.0, 121.6, 112.4, 108.5, 99.1, 80.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.2, 42.2, 42.2; MS (ES+) m/z 454.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.16

Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-25 indol]-1'-(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide 423

O

O 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002411.tif" id="idf0411" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(chloromethyl)-N,N-dimethylbenzenesulfonamide to replace 1-bromopentane, N,N-dimethyl-3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'-(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzenesulfonamide was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 7.72-7.62 (m, 4H), 7.29-6.99 (m, 4H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.07 (s, 1H), 5.06 (ABq, 2H), 4.71 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.05 (m, 4H), 2.50 (s, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 154.7, 144.2, 141.9, 137.8, 134.9, 131.8, 131.5, 129.9, 128.8, 126.6, 125.9, 123.8, 123.2, 120.9, 110.9, 109.3, 98.8, 79.4, 64.2, 63.5, 57.2, 42.5, 37.4; MS (ES+) m/z 492.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.17

Synthesis of 1'-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002412.tif" id="idf0412" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4 20 (3-(chloromethyl)phenylsulfonyl)morpholine to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[3-(morpholin-4-ylsulfonyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO- 424 d6) δ 7.73-7.64 (m, 4H), 7.29-7.18 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.3, 5.6 Hz, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.09 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (dd, J = 9.3 Hz, 2H), 4.04-4.21 (m, 4H), 3.56 (t, J = 4.5 Hz, 4H), 2.84-2.65 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 154.8, 144.2, 141.9, 138.0, 137.9, 134.7, 132.2, 131.6, 130.1, 128.8, 126.7, 125.9, 123.9, 123.3, 5 121.0, 110.9, 109.5, 98.9, 79.5, 65.2, 64.2, 63.6, 57.3, 45.8, 42.5; MS (ES+) m/z 534.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.18

Synthesis of 1'-[(4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002413.tif" id="idf0413" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(chloromethyl)-4-methyl-1,2,5-oxadiazole to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(4-methyl- 15 1,2,5-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (69%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.36-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.03 (m, 3H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.19 (ABq, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H), 2.41 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.6, 154.6, 151.4, 151.3, 144.2, 141.6, 137.8, 131.8, 128.7, 123.6, 123.4, 121.1, 111.2, 20 109.3, 98.7, 79.3, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 414.0 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 7.19

Synthesis of 1'-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002414.tif" id="idf0414" />

425 variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(bromomethyl)-2,3-difluorobenzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(2,3-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained 5 (47%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.45-7.10 (m, 5H), 7.01 7.08 (m, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.6, 154.7, 144.2, 141.9, 137.8, 131.6, 128.9, 125.7, 125.6, 125.2, 124.4, 123.7, 123.2, 121.0, 116.9, 116.7, 111.1, 109.1, 98.8, 79.5, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 421.8 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 7.20

Synthesis of 1'-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

F

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical 15 variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(bromomethyl)-3,5-difluorobenzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(3,5-difluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (72%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.22-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.24 20 7.14 (m, 2H), 7.13-7.00 (m, 4H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 4.96 (s, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.23-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.6, 154.7, 144.2, 141.9, 137.8, 131.6, 128.9, 125.7, 125.6, 125.2, 124.4, 123.7, 123.2, 121.0, 116.9, 116.7, 111.1, 109.1, 98.8, 79.5, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 421.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.21 25 Synthesis of 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one 426

O

O

O

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002415.tif" id="idf0415" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1 5 (bromomethyl)-4-fluorobenzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (73%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.45-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.14 (m, 3H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.92 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 154.7, 10 144.2, 142.1, 137.8, 132.6, 132.5, 132.0, 129.4, 129.3, 128.8, 123.7, 123.1, 121.2, 115.7, 115.4, 111.0, 109.4, 98.8, 79.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2, 42.4; MS (ES+) m/z 403.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.22

Synthesis of 1'-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 15 8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Cl

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1 20 (bromomethyl)-2-chloro-4-fluorobenzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-(2-chloro-4-fluorobenzyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (81%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.52-7.60 (m, 1H), 7.35-7.17 (m, 4H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.97 (ABq 2H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO- 25 d6) δ 176.7, 154.8, 144.2, 142.1, 137.8, 132.9, 131.7, 130.1, 129.5, 129.4, 128.9, 123.8, 123.2, 121.0, 117.2, 116.9, 114.9, 111.3, 109.3, 98.8, 79.6, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2, 427 41.1; MS (ES+) m/z 437.6 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.23

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002416.tif" id="idf0416" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 5-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazole to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(1- 10 methyl-1H-benzotriazol-5-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (15%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.86 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.52 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 5.10 (ABq, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.28 (s, 3H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 15 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 154.7, 145.2, 144.2, 142.0, 137.8, 132.9, 132.4, 131.7, 128.8, 126.7, 123.7, 123.1, 121.2, 117.6, 111.3, 110.9, 109.5, 98.9, 79.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.3, 43.1, 34.2; MS (ES+) m/z 440.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.24

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1 25 (bromomethyl)-3-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(3- 428 trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (62%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.47-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.34 (m, 2H), 7.33-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.08 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 5 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.9, 154.7, 148.6, 148.5, 144.2, 142.0, 139.3, 137.9, 131.6, 130.8, 128.8, 126.2, 123.7, 123.2, 121.1, 120.1, 120.0 (q, JC-F = 256.4 Hz), 119.7, 110.9, 109.3, 98.8, 79.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2, 42.5; MS (ES+) m/z 469.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.25

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002418.tif" id="idf0418" />

variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2 15 (bromomethyl)-1-fluoro-3-(trifluoromethyl)benzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(2-fluoro-6-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.73-7.53 (m, 3H), 7.24 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (dd, J = 7.3, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.02 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.14 20 (ABq, 2H), 4.67 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 163.0, 159.7, 154.7, 144.2, 142.2, 137.8, 131.7, 130.7, 130.6, 129.4, 129.3, 129.0, 128.7, 125.4, 125.3, 123.7, 123.0, 122.7, 121.7, 121.5, 121.0, 120.8, 120.5, 111.2, 108.6, 98.7, 79.6, 64.2, 63.6, 56.9, 36.3; MS (ES+) m/z 471.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.26 25 Synthesis of 1'-[(2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 429 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002419.tif" id="idf0419" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-1-fluoro-4-(trifluoromethyl)benzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(2-fluoro-5-trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (75%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.84-7.76 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.50-7.55 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.33 (m, 1H), 7.20 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 7.10-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.05 (s, 1H), 5.08 (ABq, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.06 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 164.0, 160.7, 154.7, 144.2, 141.8, 137.9, 131.6, 128.9, 127.5, 127.47, 127.39, 127.3, 126.9, 126.8, 126.7, 126.2, 126.1, 125.7, 125.6, 125.3, 125.2, 124.8, 124.6, 123.8, 123.7 (q, JC-F = 271.8 Hz), 123.3, 121.1, 117.3, 116.9, 110.8, 109.1, 98.9, 79.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2, 37.7; MS (ES+) m/z 471.8 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 7.27

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002420.tif" id="idf0420" />

20 variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(trifluoromethoxy)benzene to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[(2-trifluoromethoxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (42%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 430 7.51-7.33 (m, 4H), 7.21-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.19 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.02-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, ,2H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 4.224.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 154.7, 146.4, 144.2, 142.1, 137.8, 131.7, 129.6, 129.1, 128.8, 128.3, 127.8, 123.7, 123.2, 121.1, 120.9, 120.2, (q, JC-F = 5 253.9 Hz), 111.3, 109.0, 98.8, 79.5, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2; MS (ES+) m/z 469.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 7.28

Synthesis of 1'-[2-(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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10 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 7.3 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(2-bromoethyl)-2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxane to replace 1-bromopentane, 1'-[2-(2,2,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- 15 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (23%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.38 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (t, J = 6.9 Hz, 2H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 4.67 (ABq, 2H), 4.22-4.05 (m, 4H), 3.96-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.49 (ABq, 4H), 2.09-1.84 (m, 2H), 1.41 (s, 3H), 1.00 (s, 3H), 0.82 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.2, 154.6, 144.1, 142.3, 137.8, 132.0, 128.9, 123.6, 122.7, 121.3, 111.2, 108.7, 20 98.7, 97.5, 79.3, 69.4, 64.2, 63.6, 57.1, 35.6, 34.9, 29.5, 22.6, 21.9, 19.7; MS (ES+) m/z 451.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8

Synthesis of 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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431 A mixture of spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.30 g, 1.07 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.56 g, 1.71 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (7 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature under nitrogen for 40 min. To this mixture was added potassium iodide (0.05 g, 0.28 mmol) and (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate (0.38 g, 1.40 mmol). The reaction was warmed to 60 °C and stirred for 2 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, and the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate and filtered through Celite. The filtrate was concentrated under reduced pressure and the product was purified by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/t-butyl methyl ether (19:1) to afford 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.38 g, 93%) as a colorless solid: mp 147-149 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.34-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.09-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.16, 6.12 (s, 1H), 5.89-5.86 (m, 2H), 4.81, 4.80 (2ABq, 2H), 3.99-3.55 (m, 8H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.0, 177.9, 156.0, 155.9, 149.01, 148.98, 142.7, 142.6, 142.5, 142.4, 132.3, 132.2, 129.02, 128.97, 123.94, 123.87, 123.6, 119.7, 119.5, 109.6, 109.4, 103.14, 103.07, 101.64, 101.62, 93.74, 93.72, 80.5, 80.4, 73.3, 73.2, 69.4, 69.2, 66.8, 66.7, 66.53, 66.49, 58.3, 58.2, 41.9, 41.7; MS (ES+) m/z 381.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.1

Synthesis of 7'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using 7'-chloro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 7'-chloro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (98%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-193 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.23-7.18 (m, 1H), 7.08-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.53 (d, J = 17.6 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.69 (m, 2H), 4.53-4.47 (m, 2H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 1H), 3.95-3.60 (m, 4H), 2.99- 432 2.93 (m, 2H), 2.04-1.59 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.7, 177.6, 161.1 (2C), 160.5, 160.3, 138.3, 138.0, 135.8, 135.4, 130.7, 130.6, 124.1, 122.7, 122.6, 120.5, 120.2, 119.9, 119.8, 119.2, 118.8, 114.3, 114.2, 92.4, 92.2, 80.0, 76.3, 76.1, 72.0, 72.0, 67.2, 66.9, 56.7, 56.5, 45.0, 44.9, 28.3, 28.2, 24.9, 24.9; MS (ES+) m/z 5 397.7 (M + 1), 399.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.2

Synthesis of 7'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-

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variations using 7'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 7'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- 15 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (28%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-170 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.357.32 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.56 (d, J = 28.1 Hz, 1H), 6.41 (d, J = 2.9 Hz, 1H), 4.78-4.67 (m, 2H), 4.52-4.46 (m, 2H), 4.30-3.93 (m, 3H), 3.82-3.93 (m, 2H), 2.99-2.91 (m, 2H), 2.06-1.58 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 156.8, 156.7, 154.3, 20 142.9, 142.7, 136.1, 136.0, 132.8, 131.5, 131.3, 128.7 (2C), 123.3 (2C),122.7, 121.9, 121.8, 109.7, 109.6, 109.5, 104.5, 104.4, 92.4, 79.5, 75.6, 75.4, 67.1, 67.0, 57.2, 43.8, 43.7, 28.5, 28.4, 28.1, 25.0, 24.9. EXAMPLE 8.3

Synthesis of 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- 25 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical 433 variations using 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 4'-fluoro-7'-methyl-1'-[(2R)- 5 tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: mp 175-176 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.14-7.06 (m, 1H), 6.71-6.52 (m, 2H), 6.25 (d, J = 2.3 Hz, 1H), 4.80-4.78 (m, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.26-3.69 (m, 5H), 3.00 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 2.56 (s, 3H), 2.16-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.69 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 396.0 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 8.4

Synthesis of 1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

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replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromopentane to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (91%) as a colorless solid: mp 129-130 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 20 7.29 (ddd, J = 8.0, 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.23-4.17 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.87-3.77 (m, 1H), 3.72-3.62 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.68 (m, 2H), 1.45-1.30 (m, 4H), 0.91 (t, J = 6.6 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 155.3, 144.6, 142.5, 138.3, 132.7, 128.9, 124.0, 123.2, 121.3, 25 111.6, 108.7, 99.4, 80.2, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 40.4, 29.1, 27.2, 22.4, 14.1; MS (ES+) m/z 366.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.5

Synthesis of (8R)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 434

O

O

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using (R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-2- 5 (iodomethyl)-1,4-dioxane (Kim, H.Y. et al., Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. (2005), 15:320711) to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, (8R)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (51%) as a colorless solid: mp 198-199 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 10 7.08-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0

Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.47-3.38 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.3, 144.7, 142.7, 138.4, 132.4, 128.9, 123.8, 123.5, 121.3, 111.7, 109.6, 99.5, 80.1, 73.3, 69.2, 66.7, 66.5, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 41.8; MS (ES+) m/z 396.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 8.6

Synthesis of (8R)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical 20 variations using (R)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8R)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (88%) as a colorless solid: mp 207-209 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.5, 0.9 25 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.08 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 435 4H), 3.41 (dd, J = 11.6, 9.8 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.3, 144.7, 142.7, 138.4, 132.3, 128.9, 123.9, 123.5, 121.1, 111.6, 109.4, 99.5, 80.2, 73.3, 69.4, 66.8, 66.5, 64.6, 64.0, 58.0, 41.9; MS (ES+) m/z 396.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.7 5 Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 10 one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (92%) as a colorless solid: mp 198-200 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, 15 J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.16 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.79 (m, 4H), 3.74-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.42 (dd, J = 11.6, 9.5 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.2, 144.7, 142.7, 138.4, 132.4, 128.9, 123.8, 123.5, 121.3, 111.7, 109.6, 99.5, 80.0, 73.3, 69.2, 66.7, 66.5, 64.6, 64.0, 58.1, 41.8; MS (ES+) m/z 396.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.8 20 Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using (S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 25 one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-(1,4- 436 dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, (8S)-1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (84%) as a colorless solid: mp 207-210 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.63 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.214.16 (m, 2H), 4.13-4.09 (m, 2H), 3.98-3.77 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 4H), 3.41 (dd, J = 11.7, 9.9 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 155.3, 144.7, 142.7, 138.4, 132.3, 128.9, 123.9, 123.5, 121.1, 111.6, 109.4, 99.5, 80.2, 73.3, 69.4, 66.8, 66.5, 10 64.6, 64.0, 58.0, 41.9; MS (ES+) m/z 396.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.9

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-

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variations using 6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6,7- 20 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: mp 162-164 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.29 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.12 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.314.22 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.67 (m, 4H), 3.14 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.09-1.82 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.67 25 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.0, 177.8, 155.1, 154.9, 143.1, 142.9, 132.3, 132.2, 128.94, 128.88, 128.7, 127.91, 127.86, 123.8, 123.7, 123.4, 109.9, 109.5, 107.1, 104.01, 103.96, 80.2, 80.1, 77.1, 76.8, 71.7, 68.4, 68.3, 58.52, 58.49, 44.7, 30.4, 29.4, 29.0, 25.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 364.0 (M + 1). 437 EXAMPLE 8.10

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002431.tif" id="idf0431" />

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using 6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-6,7-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 10 b:4,5-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (97%) as a colorless solid: mp 162-164 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.302, 7.298 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.17-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.79 (s, 1H), 6.12, 6.09 (s, 1H), 4.91, 4.90 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.66, 4.65 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.98-3.78 (m, 4H), 3.75-3.55 (m, 4H), 3.45-3.37 (m, 1H), 3.14 15 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 177.9, 177.7, 155.1, 155.0, 154.92, 154.88, 142.8, 142.7, 132.3, 132.2, 128.94, 128.89, 128.84, 128.80, 127.8, 127.7, 123.9, 123.8, 123.5, 109.6, 109.4, 107.19, 107.16, 104.0, 103.9, 80.0, 79.9, 73.3, 71.7, 69.4, 69.2, 66.8, 66.7, 66.52, 66.48, 58.46, 58.43, 41.9, 41.8, 30.4; MS (ES+) m/z 380.0 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 8.11

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical 25 variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2- 438 yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 134-138°C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.29 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.01 (m, 3H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.36 5 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.18 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.04 (m, 2H), 4.01-3.68 (m, 5H), 2.21-1.85 (m, 5H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.0, 177.8, 156.8, 153.0, 146.3, 143.0, 142.9, 132.3, 132.2, 128.94, 128.90, 123.9, 123.8, 123.4, 123.34, 123.28, 116.14, 116.10, 109.8, 109.6, 103.5, 80.58, 77.1, 76.9, 70.9, 68.4, 68.3, 58.04, 58.02, 44.7, 32.3, 29.4, 29.1, 10 25.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 394.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.12

Synthesis of 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-2-(iodomethyl)-1,4-dioxane to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4- methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(2R)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- 20 h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (61%) as a colorless solid: mp 144-147 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.0 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.59 (s, 1H), 6.36, 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.91, 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.67, 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.19 (m, 1H), 4.15-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.78 (m, 5H), 3.75-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.46-3.39 25 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.00 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 177.8, 177.7, 156.8, 156.7, 153.1, 153.0, 146.4, 146.3, 142.65, 142.63, 132.3, 132.2, 129.0, 128.9, 124.0, 123.9, 123.6, 123.2, 123.1, 116.1, 116.0, 109.6, 109.4, 103.58, 103.56, 80.5, 80.4, 73.34, 73.30, 70.9, 69.4, 69.2, 66.8, 66.7, 66.52, 66.49, 57.98, 57.96, 41.9, 41.8, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 410.0 (M + 1). 439 EXAMPLE 8.13

Synthesis of 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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5 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using 3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(2S)-1,4-dioxan-2-ylmethyl]-3,4-dihydro-2H-spiro[furo[2,3- 10 h][1,5]benzodioxepine-9,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (91%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-139 °C (hexanes/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.01 (m, 2H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.36, 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.91, 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.67, 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.28-4.20 (m, 1H), 4.14-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.99-3.78 (m, 5H), 3.76-3.57 (m, 4H), 3.46-3.38 (m, 1H), 2.22-2.00 15 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 177.8, 177.7, 156.8, 156.7, 153.08, 153.05, 146.38, 146.35, 142.65, 142.63, 132.3, 132.2, 129.0, 128.9, 124.0, 123.9, 123.6, 123.2, 123.1, 116.1, 116.0, 109.6, 109.4, 103.59, 103.56, 80.5, 80.4, 73.34, 73.31, 70.9, 69.4, 69.2, 66.8, 66.7, 66.52, 66.49, 57.98, 57.96, 41.9, 41.8, 32.3; MS (ES+) m/z 410.0 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 8.14

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-

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25 variations using 3-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzoxazole-7,3'-indole]-2,2'(1'H,3H)- dione to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)- 440 (tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 3-methyl-1'-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d]oxazole-7,3'-indoline]-2,2'(3H,6H)-dione was obtained (69%) as a colorless solid: mp 186-187 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.36 5 7.29 (m, 1H), 7.23 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.06-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.63 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.73 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.16 (m, 1H), 3.81-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.31 (s, 3H), 2.00-1.75 (m, 3H), 1.69-1.55 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.2, 157.3, 154.9, 143.4, 136.6, 133.3, 131.9, 129.3, 123.9, 123.3, 122.3, 110.2, 105.0, 92.9, 80.0, 76.1, 67.7, 57.7, 44.3, 29.1, 28.6, 25.5; MS (ES+) m/z 392.7 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 8.15

Synthesis of 7'-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-

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15 variations using 7'-fluoro-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 7'-fluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (38%) as a 20 colorless solid: mp 205-207 oC (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.55 (d, J = 4.8 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.63 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.16 (m, 2H), 6.99-6.89 (m, 3H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 5.35 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 5.17 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.13 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.7, 155.1, 149.6, 144.7, 138.4, 136.7, 124.0, 124.0, 122.4, 121.0, 120.7, 25 119.7, 119.6, 116.7, 116.5, 112.1, 99.3, 80.3, 64.5, 63.9, 58.4, 47.0; MS (ES+) m/z 405.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.16

Synthesis of 7'-fluoro-1'-((3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one 441

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2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2 5 (chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine hydrochloride to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 7'-fluoro-1'-((3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl)methyl)-3,7-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]dioxine-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (40%) as a colorless solid: mp 241-243 oC (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.62 (d, J = 4.7 Hz, 1H), 7.97 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.34-7.30 (m, 1H), 10 7.00-6.86 (m, 3H), 6.68 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 5.54 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 5.37 (d, J = 17.1 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.14 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 155.1, 153.0, 151.9, 149.2, 145.9, 144.7, 138.3, 135.5, 134.3, 129.2, 123.9, 121.9, 121.3, 119.6, 116.4, 116.2, 112.5, 99.2, 80.2, 64.6, 63.9, 58.5, 44.2; MS (ES+) m/z 473.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 8.17

Synthesis of 3'-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-

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replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(bromomethyl)-2-(difluoromethyl)benzene to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 3'-[2-(difluoromethyl)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,1'-inden]-2'(3'H)-one was obtained (52%) as a colorless solid: 25 mp 191-193 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) &gt;5 7.67 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.52-7.46 442 (m, 2H), 7.37 (s, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.17-5.04 (m, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.4, 155.3, 144.7, 142.6, 138.3, 134.5 (t, JC-F = 3.8 Hz), 132.1, 131.9, 131.8 (t, JC-F = 21.3 Hz), 129.3, 128.3, 127.4, 127.0 (t, JC-F = 7.7 5 Hz), 124.3, 123.7, 121.5, 114.9 (t, JC-F = 236.0 Hz), 111.8, 109.8, 99.3, 80.1, 64.7, 64.1, 57.8; MS (ES+) m/z 435.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.18

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 8 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (Carlson et al., Acta Pharmaceutica Suecica, 1972, 9, 15 411-414 ) to replace (R)-(1,4-dioxan-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate, 1'-[(5- fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.458.38 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.04-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.17 (s, 1H), 5.03-4.85 (m, 3H), 4.64-4.61 (m, 1H), 4.16-4.04 (m, 20 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 155.3, 144.7, 144.6, 141.4, 138.4, 138.1, 137.8, 132.1, 129.0, 124.3, 123.9, 122.1, 121.9, 120.6, 111.4, 108.8, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 41.1; MS (ES+) m/z 405.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 8.19

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

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443

To a solution of (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.40 g, 1.35 mmol) in 2-butanone (15 mL) was added cesium carbonate (1.76 g, 5.40 mmol), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (0.49 g, 2.69 mmol) and potassium iodide (0.085 g, 38 mol %). This mixture was stirred under 5 nitrogen at ambient temperature for 72 h. Further, cesium carbonate (1.76 g, 5.40 mmol), 3-(chloromethyl)-5-fluoropyridine hydrochloride (0.49 g, 2.69 mmol) and tetra-n-butylammonium iodide (0.08 g, 0.22 mmol) were added and the reaction mixture was heated at reflux for 48 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and 10 eluted with a 10% to 40% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes and recrystallized from diethyl ether to afford (8S)-1'-[(5-fluoropyridin-3-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (102.1 mg, 19%) as a yellow solid: mp 197200 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.48-8.42 (m, 2H), 7.40-7.37 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.78-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.18 (s, 15 1H), 5.06-4.88 (m, 3H), 4.66-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.20-4.09 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 155.3, 144.8, 144.4, 141.3, 138.4, 138.0, 137.7, 132.1, 129.0, 124.3, 124.0, 122.4, 122.2, 120.5, 111.4, 108.7, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 41.1; MS (ES+) m/z 404.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9 20 Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2- f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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To a stirred solution of 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.29 g, 1.00 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was added sodium 25 hydride (0.05 g, 1.25 mmol) at 0 °C. The reaction mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 30 min, then 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan (0.25 mL, 1.80 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 20 h, diluted with ethyl acetate, washed with water and brine, and dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuum. The residue was purified by column 444 chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (10% to 40% gradient) to afford 3-methyl-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.35 g, 80%): mp 111-112 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.46 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.33-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.12 (m, 1 H), 7.06

5 7.01 (m, 3H), 6.77-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.55-6.52 (m, 1H), 5.20-4.85 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.7, 163.9, 158.1, 154.9, 151.6, 141.4, 130.2, 129.5,123.9, 123.1, 120.7, 117.9, 117.1, 112.9, 109.3, 108.9, 108.8, 107.9, 81.2, 56.2, 37.5, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 462.9 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 9.1 10 Synthesis of 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 15 replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1- bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: mp 105-107 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.80 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 20 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.09-3.88 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.73 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.60 (m, 2H), 3.53-3.46 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 3.04-2.94 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.7, 161.2, 142.5, 132.8, 128.6, 123.7, 123.2, 120.3, 119.8, 118.9, 109.1, 93.1, 80.5, 72.3, 71.9, 70.3, 68.1, 59.0, 57.6, 40.1, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 382.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.2 25 Synthesis of 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 445

O

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002442.tif" id="idf0442" />

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (S)-(5- 5 oxopyrrolidin-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-{[(2S)-5-oxopyrrolidin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: mp 133136 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.03 (m, 1H), 7.00-6.85 (m, 1H), 6.54-6.42 (m, 1H), 6.42-6.37 (m, 1H), 4.93 (t, J = 9.3 Hz, 10 1H), 4.67 (dd, J = 9.3, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 4.18-4.04 (m, 1H), 3.93 (dt, J = 13.9, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.72 (dt, J = 13.9, 4.6 Hz, 1H), 3.07-2.80 (m, 3H), 2.42-2.15 (m, 3H), 2.06-1.81 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.6, 178.5, 161.8 (2C), 161.3, 161.2, 142.2, 142.1, 132.6, 132.5, 129.0 (2C), 128.9, 128.8, 124.1, 123.6, 119.9 (3C), 119.7, 118.8, 108.3, 93.2, 93.1, 80.6, 80.5, 72.3, 57.5, 53.2, 53.1, 45.2 (2C), 29.6, 15 29.6, 28.9, 24.7 (2C); MS (ES+) m/z 377.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.3

Synthesis of 1'-[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002444.tif" id="idf0444" />

Following the procedure described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(2-oxooxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[2-(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-3-yl)ethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 20 446 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (46%) as a colorless solid: mp 185-186 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.3, 7.3 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.21-4.00 (m, 2H), 5 3.93-3.58 (m, 4H), 3.57-3.43 (m, 1H), 3.05-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.8, 161.8, 161.3, 158.7, 141.7, 132.4, 129.0, 124.1, 123.7, 120.0, 119.0, 108.3, 93.2, 80.5, 72.5, 62.1, 57.7, 44.3, 41.7, 37.3, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 393.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.4

Synthesis of 1'-(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 10 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002445.tif" id="idf0445" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(4- 15 (chloromethyl)phenyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(4-pyridin-2-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 217-219 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.66 (d, J = 4.3 Hz, 1H), 7.96 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.78-7.64 (m, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.00 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 20 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.09-2.87 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.7, 161.2, 156.7, 149.6, 141.9, 138.9, 136.7, 136.4, 132.6, 128.6, 127.8, 127.3, 123.8, 123.4, 122.2, 120.4, 120.1, 119.9, 118.8, 109.3, 93.2, 80.6, 72.3, 57.7, 43.8, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 447.1 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 9.5

Synthesis of 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 447

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002446.tif" id="idf0446" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2 5 (chloromethyl)pyrimidine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(pyrimidin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (84%) as a colorless solid: mp 203-205 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.68 (d, J = 4.9 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.73 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.22 (ABq, 2H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 10 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.07-2.93 (m, 2H) 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 164.6, 161.6, 161.1, 157.4, 142.2, 132.9, 128.4, 123.7, 123.2, 120.5, 119.7, 119.7, 119.4, 108.7, 93.0, 80.5, 72.2, 57.7, 45.7, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 372.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.6

Synthesis of 1'-(pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 15 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002447.tif" id="idf0447" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4 20 (chloromethyl)pyrimidine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(pyrimidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a colorless solid: mp 158-160 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.16 (s, 1H), 8.68 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.30-7.15 (m, 3H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 25 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.06-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 448 177.9, 164.1, 161.8, 161.2, 158.6, 157.3, 141.5, 132.4, 128.7, 124.0, 123.7, 119.9, 119.8, 118.9, 108.8, 93.1, 80.5, 72.3, 57.6, 44.9, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 372.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.7

Synthesis of 1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002448.tif" id="idf0448" />

10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)pyrazine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(pyrazin- 2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (27%) as a colorless solid: mp 143-144°C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.64 (br s, 1H), 8.58-8.59 (m, 2H), 7.24-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.91-6.86 (m, 1H), 6.54 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.14 (ABq, 2H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H), 4.59-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.9, 161.3, 151.4, 144.2, 143.9, 143.8, 141.6, 132.7, 128.8, 124.0, 123.8, 120.0, 119.9, 119.0, 109.1, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 57.8, 43.8, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 372.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.8

Synthesis of 1'-[(7-fluoro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002449.tif" id="idf0449" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2- 449 (bromomethyl)-7-fluorobenzofuran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[(7-fluoro-1-benzofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (83%) as a colorless solid: mp 192-193 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31-7.24 (m, 2H), 7.22-6.96 (m, 5H), 6.77-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.56 (s, 5 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.31-5.23 (m, 1H), 5.03-4.95 (m, 2H), 4.75-4.68 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 161.8, 161.2, 152.8, 147.8 (d, JC-F = 249.7 Hz), 141.9 (d, JC-F = 11.3 Hz), 141.4, 132.7, 131.6 (d, JC-F = 3.2 Hz), 128.8, 123.9, 123.7, 123.6, 120.1 (d, JC-F = 5.2 Hz), 119.0, 116.6 (d, JC-F = 3.9 Hz), 110.8 (d, JC-F = 16.1 Hz), 109.0, 105.6 (d, JC-F = 2.1 Hz), 93.2, 80.4, 72.4, 57.7, 37.5, 10 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 428.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.9

Synthesis of 1'-(pyridazin-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002450.tif" id="idf0450" />

15 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(chloromethyl)pyridazine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(pyridazin-3-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 20 one was obtained (13%) as a colorless solid: mp 81-82°C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.18-9.14 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.28-7.15 (m, 2H), 7.12-7.02 (m, 2H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.39-5.22 (m, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.60-4.49 (m, 2H), 3.10-2.91 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 161.9, 161.4, 158.4, 151.1, 141.6, 132.4, 129.0, 127.3, 126.0, 123.9, 123.8, 120.0, 119.9, 118.8, 109.6, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.8, 25 44.6, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 372.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.10

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 450

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002451.tif" id="idf0451" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 5 5 chloromethyl-2-oxazolidinone to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[(2-oxo-1,3-oxazolidin-5-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (32%) as a colorless solid: mp 197-198 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.37-7.29 (m, 1H), 7.26-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.19-7.13 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.49-6.39 (m, 2H), 4.98-4.75 (m, 2H), 4.74-4.66 (m, 1H), 10 4.54-4.45 (m, 2H), 4.15-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.56 (m, 1H), 3.31-3.23 (m, 1H), 3.02-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.9, 177.6, 161.2, 160.6, 160.5, 158.3, 142.6 (2C), 132.2, 132.0, 128.7, 128.6, 123.5, 123.4, 123.0, 120.6, 120.5, 119.9, 119.0, 118.9, 109.7, 109.6, 92.5, 92.4, 79.8, 73.3, 73.2, 72.1, 56,8, 43.1, 42.7, 42.6, 28.4; MS (ES+) m/z 379.3 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 9.11

Synthesis of 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002452.tif" id="idf0452" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 20 variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-(benzyloxy)-3-(bromomethyl)benzene to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 66-68°C; 25 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43-7.14 (m, 8H), 7.06-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.97-6.87 (m, 3H), 6.81-6.75 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.10-5.00 (m, 3H), 4.85-4.75 (m, 1H), 451 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.56-4.47 (m, 2H), 2.98-2.88 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.8, 161.3, 159.2, 142.1, 137.4, 136.6, 132.7, 129.9, 128.7, 128.6, 128.0, 127.5, 123.8, 123.4, 120.2, 119.9 (2C), 118.8, 114.0, 113.9, 109.3, 93.2, 80.5, 72.3, 70.0, 57.7, 44.0, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 476.1 (M + 1). 5 EXAMPLE 9.12

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002453.tif" id="idf0453" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 10 variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)-1-methyl-1H-benzo[d]imidazole to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[(1-methyl-1H-benzimidazol-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (70%) as a 15 colorless solid: mp 244-246 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.95-7.86 (m, 1H), 7.70 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.49-7.40 (m, 2H), 7.32 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (dd, J = 7.6, 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.52-6.36 (m, 2H), 5.51 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.55 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.92 (s, 3H), 2.99 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 424.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 9.13

Synthesis of 1'-(2H-benzotriazol-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002454.tif" id="idf0454" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 25 variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 452 replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(chloromethyl)-2H-benzo[d][1,2,3]triazo to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-(2H-benzotriazol-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 102-105 5 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.14-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.89-7.80 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.42-7.34 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.58 (ABq, 2H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 6.19 (s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 411.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.14 10 Synthesis of methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002455.tif" id="idf0455" />

15 replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and methyl 2-(bromomethyl)benzoate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate was obtained (79%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.04 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.43 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.38-7.29 20 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.11 (m, 3H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.70 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.52-5.34 (m, 2H), 5.00 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 3.08-2.94 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.2, 167.5, 161.8, 161.4, 142.3, 137.5, 132.8, 132.7, 131.4, 129.1, 128.8, 128.6, 128.0, 127.4, 126.5, 123.9, 123.5, 120.2, 120.0, 119.0, 109.4, 93.3, 80.8, 72.4, 65.9, 57.9, 25 52.3, 42.4, 29.1, 15.3; MS (ES+) m/z 427.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.15

Synthesis of methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate 453

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002456.tif" id="idf0456" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and methyl 5 3-(bromomethyl)benzoate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, methyl

3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate was obtained (93%) as a colorless solid: mp 97-98 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.04 (s, 1H), 8.02-7.96 (m, 1H), 7.58-7.52 (m, 1H), 7.49-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.09-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.78 (d, J 10 = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 5.16 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 5.02 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 15.7 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.60-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.93 (s, 3H), 3.13-2.96 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 166.7, 162.0, 161.4, 141.9, 136.3, 132.8, 131.9, 130.9, 129.3, 129.2, 128.9, 128.4, 124.1, 123.7, 120.2, 120.1, 119.1, 109.2, 93.4, 80.7, 72.5, 57.9, 52.3, 43.9, 29.2; MS (ES+) m/z 428.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 9.16

Synthesis of methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002457.tif" id="idf0457" />

O

N

O H3C'0

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 20 variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzoate was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 136-140 °C; 1H NMR 25 (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.4 454

Hz, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 4.99 (ABq, 2H), 4.84 (ABq, 2H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.89 (s, 3H), 3.06-2.92 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 428.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.17 5 Synthesis of 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 10 replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and benzyl 3-bromopropyl ether to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as a colorless solid: mp 112-113 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCh) δ □ 7.35-7.27 (m, 6H), 7.14 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.06-6.95 (m,

15 2H), 6.41-6.39 (m, 2H), 4.63 (AB, 2H), 4.54-4.48 (m, 4H), 3.94-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.54 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 2.95 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.07-1.99 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 428.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.18

Synthesis of 5'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2- 20 455 (bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 5'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]- 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (60%) as a colorless solid: mp 167-169 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.06-6.85 (m, 3H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.76 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H),

5 4.28-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.89-3.69 (m, 4H), 2.98-2.95 (m, 2H), 2.10-1.63 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 161.9, 161.2, 157.9, 138.7, 134.3, 120.0, 118.8, 115.1, 114.8, 111.7, 111.4, 110.5, 93.3, 80.5, 72.4, 68.2, 58.0, 44.8, 29.0, 28.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 382.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.19 10 Synthesis of 6'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002458.tif" id="idf0458" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 6'-fluoro-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 15 one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 6'-fluoro-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (47%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-139 °C (diethyl ether /hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, 20 CDCb) δ 7.08-7.03 (m, 1H), 6.88-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.66 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 4.25-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.96-3.60 (m, 4H), 2.98 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.08-1.86 (m, 3H), 1.73-1.64 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 161.9, 161.2, 128.1, 124.7, 120.0, 118.8, 109.5, 109.2, 98.8, 98.4, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 68.3, 57.3, 44.8, 29.2, 28.9, 25.7; MS (ES+) m/z 382.0 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 9.20

Synthesis of 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 456 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002459.tif" id="idf0459" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 1-bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (65%) as a colorless solid: mp 90-91 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.09 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.19-4.12 (m, 2H), 4.12-4.05 (m, 2H), 4.05-3.96 (m, 1H), 3.943.83 (m, 1H), 3.64-3.57 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3 δ 177.6, 155.2, 144.5, 142.5, 138.3, 132.3, 128.7, 123.7, 123.2, 121.2, 111.6, 109.2, 99.3, 80.0, 71.9, 70.4, 68.2, 64.5, 63.9, 59.0, 58.0, 402; MS (ES+) m/z 397.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.21 15

Synthesis of 2-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002460.tif" id="idf0460" />

N &gt; CH.

S 20 25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)furan, 2-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (38%) as a colorless solid: mp 249-250 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.63-8.59 (m, 1H), 7.95 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.85-7.70 (m, 2H), 7.38-7.31 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.1 (m, 3H), 7.02-6.95 (m, 457 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.31 (d, J = 16.9 Hz, 1H), 4.96-4.84 (m, 3H), 2.67 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 170.2, 160.2, 155.7, 149.3, 148.5, 142.3, 137.0, 131.9, 128.8, 128.1, 123.4, 123.1, 122.7, 120.7, 119.5, 109.3, 108.4, 81.0, 57.4, 45.6, 20.1; MS (ES+) m/z 400.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.22

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002461.tif" id="idf0461" />

10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 5-chloro-2-(chloromethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole hydrochloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[(5-chloro-1-methyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)methyl]-2-methylspiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzothiazole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (68%) as a colorless solid: mp 177-178 °C (hexanes/ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.63 (dd, J = 8.6, 1.1 Hz, 1H), 7.47 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.08-6.92 (m, 4H), 5.42 (d, J = 15.4 Hz, 1H), 5.08-5.00 (m, 1H), 4.85-4.74 (m, 2H), 3.67 (s, 3H), 2.51 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 169.6, 160.5, 149.1, 142.1, 141.8, 132.1, 129.1, 124.6, 123.7, 123.3, 122.5, 119.6, 119.3, 110.7, 108.7, 81.3, 60.5, 58.2, 38.4, 31.2, 20.2; MS (ES+) m/z 437.0 (M + 1), 439.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.23

Synthesis of 4-methyl-1'-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl)-4,7-dihydrospiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]oxazine-8,3'-indoline]-2',3(2H)-dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002462.tif" id="idf0462" />

458

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 4-methyl-2H-spiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzoxazine-8,3'-indole]-2',3(1'H,4H)-dione to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 5 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 4-methyl-1'-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- yl)methyl)-4,7-dihydrospiro[benzofuro[5,6-b][1,4]oxazine-8,3'-indoline]-2',3(2H)-dione was obtained (11%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, (CD3)2CO) δ 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.08-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.35 (d, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H), 4.924.87 (m, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.45-4.44 (m, 2H), 4.31-4.20 (m, 1H), 3.97-3.62 10 (m, 4H), 3.33 (s, 3H), 1.95-1.66 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, (CD3)2CO) δ 178.8, 178.7, 166.1, 158.4 (2C), 145.3, 145.1, 141.5, 133.9, 133.7, 133.2, 130.6, 130.5, 125.6, 125.3 (2C), 125.1 (2C), 124.6, 124.3, 112.9, 112.7, 111.6, 111.5, 99.2, 99.1, 82.0, 81.8 (2C), 79.6, 78.2, 77.9, 75.7, 69.4, 69.3, 69.1, 59.6, 59.5, 46.0, 45.8, 30.7, 30.4, 29.8, 29.4, 27.2, 27.1; MS (ES+) m/z 406.9 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 9.24

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002463.tif" id="idf0463" />

20 variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (24%) as a colorless solid: mp 142-143 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 ( d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.75-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.69 (m, 1H), 7.52-7.46 (m, 2H), 7.23-7.11 (m, 3 H),

25 7.01-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.85 ( d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 5.45-4.89 (m, 4H), 2.45 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.1, 164.0, 158.2, 155.3, 154.9, 149.3, 142.0, 137.3, 130.4, 129.4, 123.7, 123.6, 123.0, 122.7, 121.5, 117.9, 109.9, 108.9, 108.0, 81.4, 56.4, 46.4, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 383.9 (M + 1). 459 EXAMPLE 9.25

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002464.tif" id="idf0464" />

10 15 variations using 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2- f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (65%) as a colorless solid: mp 176-177 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 0 08.71 ( d, J = 3.0 Hz, 1H), 8.56-8.54 (m, 1H), 7.81 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.46 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.35-7.30 (m, 1H), 7.23-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.77 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 5.28-4.81 (m, 4H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) δ0 176.2, 164.0, 158.1, 155.0, 154.9, 149.4, 148.8, 141.5, 135.1, 131.0, 130.4, 129.4, 124.0, 123.9, 123.8, 123.1, 117.9, 109.4, 108.9, 108.0, 81.3, 56.3, 41.9, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 383.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.26

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002465.tif" id="idf0465" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002466.tif" id="idf0466" />

20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (50%) as a colorless solid: mp 134-135 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.43 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 7.32-6.93 (m, 5H), 4.94 (ABq, 2H), 4.36-4.28 (m, 1H), 4.06-3.73 (m, 4H), 2.42 (s, 3H), 2.14-1.77 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 25 460 176.8, 176.3, 164.0, 158.2, 154.8, 143.2, 142.6, 130.4, 129.3, 123.5, 123.3, 122.9, 117.9, 110.5, 109.6, 109.1, 107.9, 81.4, 81.3, 77.8, 77.5, 68.4, 68.3, 56.3, 56.2, 44.9, 44.6, 29.4, 28.5, 26.1, 25.6, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 377.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.27

Synthesis of 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002467.tif" id="idf0467" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-dimethylspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4-bromomethyltetrahydropyrane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (55%) as a colorless solid: mp 199-201 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δϋ 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.05-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.91-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.75 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.71 (ABq, 2H), 4.12-3.95 (m, 2H), 3.753.54 (m, 2H), 3.39-3.28 (m, 2H), 2.19-2.02 (m, 7H), 1.62-1.28 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 159.1, 142.8, 138.5, 132.6, 129.4, 128.7, 125.8, 124.0, 123.7, 123.2, 111.4, 108.5, 79.9, 67.4, 58.0, 46.0, 33.9, 30.8, 20.3, 19.3; MS (ES+) m/z 364.3 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 9.28

Synthesis of 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002468.tif" id="idf0468" />

3 3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 461 variations using 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)furan, 5,6-dimethyl-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-5 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (76%) as a colorless solid: mp 165-168 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.67 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.12-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.59-7.55 (m, 2H), 7.26-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.21-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.03-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.76 (s, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 5.18 (s, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 2.13 (s, 3H), 2.01 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.5, 159.1, 154.0, 146.7, 142.6, 141.5, 138.3, 132.6, 10 129.1, 126.7, 124.5, 124.4, 124.1, 123.7, 123.5, 111.3, 109.7, 79.5, 57.8, 43.7, 20.2, 19.2; MS (ES+) m/z 357.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.29

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002469.tif" id="idf0469" />

15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4- (bromomethyl)tetrahydropyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 520 fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]- 2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (ddd, J = 7.7, 7.7, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.59 (d, J = 6.8 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (d, J = 10.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.02-3.92 (m, 2H), 3.85 (s, 3H), 3.76-3.51 (m, 2H), 3.35 (t, J = 11.5 Hz, 2H), 2.18 25 2.00 (m, 1H), 1.65-1.37 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 157.3 (d, J = 1.7

Hz), 149.3, 149.1, 149.0, 146.1, 142.7, 131.9, 129.1, 123.7 (d, J = 49.0 Hz), 118.9 (d, J = 6.4 Hz), 110.3 (d, J = 21.7 Hz), 96.4, 80.7, 67.41, 67.39, 57.9, 56.4, 46.1, 33.9, 30.8, 30.7; MS (ES+) m/z 384.2 (M + 1). 462 EXAMPLE 9.30

Synthesis of 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-

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variations using 5-fluoro-6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5-fluoro-6-methoxy-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 45-47 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32 10 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.77-6.73 (m, 1H), 6.61 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 6.44-6.38 (m, 2H), 5.05 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.96 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 3.87 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 157.1 (d, J = 1.8 Hz), 151.8 (d, J = 1.4 Hz), 149.2, 149.1 (d, J = 12.3 Hz), 146.1, 141.5 (q, J = 42.6 Hz), 141.3, 131.6, 129.2, 124.0, 123.9, 118.7 (d, J = 265.4 Hz), 15 118.6 (d, J = 7.3 Hz), 112.6 (q, J = 2.8 Hz), 110.3 (d, J = 21.6 Hz), 109.1 (d, J = 25.1

Hz), 96.3, 80.4, 57.9 (d, J = 1.3 Hz), 56.4, 36.9; MS (ES+) m/z 433.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.31

Synthesis of 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 20

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F

F 25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)furan, 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (57%) as a colorless solid: mp 175-177 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 8.98 (s, 1H), 8.84 (d, J = 5.4 Hz, 1H), 8.67 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 8.12 463 (dd, J = 8.1, 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.26 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.93 (dd, J =10.5, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J = 9.6, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (s, 1H), 5.26 (s, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 365.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.32

Synthesis of 5,6-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5,6-difluoro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (64%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.21-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.82-6.74 (m, 2H), 6.53-6.39 (m, 2H), 5.07 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 422 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.33

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one

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3 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2H-spiro[benzofuran-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 122-123 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 7.63 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8Hz, 1H), 7.32-7.09 (m, 3H), 7.0 (dd, 25 464 J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.65 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (dd, J = 7.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.18 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 3.74 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 162.1, 161.5, 155.5, 149.4, 142.1, 137.0, 132.3, 128.7, 123.7, 123.6, 5 123.4, 122.7, 121.5, 120.8, 109.4, 107.5, 96.5, 80.4, 57.6, 55.5, 46.0; MS (ES+) m/z 359.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.34

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 3-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 6-methoxy-1'-(pyridin-3-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (63%) as a colorless solid: mp 164-165 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.56 (s, 1H), 8.55 (d, J = 3.9 Hz, 1H), 7.67 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.337.13 (m, 3H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.80 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.61-6.51 (m, 2H), 6.37 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 5.08 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.76 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 162.1, 161.6, 149.3, 148.8, 141.5, 135.2, 132.4, 131.5, 128.8, 124.0, 123.8, 123.7, 123.4, 120.5, 108.8, 107.5, 96.6, 80.4, 57.5, 55.5, 41.6; MS (ES+) m/z 359.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.35

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-25 indol]-2'(1'H)-one 465

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OCH3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4 5 (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (84%) as a colorless foam; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.31 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.57 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.53 (d, J = 2.4 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.4 Hz, 10 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.03-3.94 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 3.80-3.30 (m, 4H), 2.21-2.05 (m, 1H), 1.74-1.38 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.8, 162.1, 161.5, 142.7, 132.6, 128.7, 123.9, 123.3, 123.2, 120.8, 108.5, 107.5, 96.6, 80.6, 67.4, 67.3, 57.5, 55.5, 46.0, 33.9, 30.8, 30.7; MS (ES+) m/z 366.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.36 15 Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one OCH3

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 6-methoxyspiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3 20 methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2- (bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 6-methoxy-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless foam; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.20-6.98 (m, 3H), 6.66-6.49 (m, 2H), 6.41-6.33 (m, 1H), 4.99-4.91 25 (m, 1H), 4.74-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.02-3.31(m, 8H), 1.92-1.19 (m, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 366.4 (M + 1). 466 EXAMPLE 9.37

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15 20

To a solution of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.0 g, 6.8 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (45 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 0.35 g, 8.8 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h and 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride (2.2 g, 9.4 mmol) was added in one portion, followed by potassium iodide (0.06 g, 0.34 mmol).

The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h and diluted with water (200 mL) and ethyl acetate (200 mL). The layers were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic layers were washed with brine (150 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 25% to 35% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.49 g, 75%) as a colorless solid: mp 87-89 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.457.24 (m, 7H), 7.24-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.05-6.92 (m, 3H), 6.84-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.06-4.90 (m, 4H), 4.82-4.62 (m, 2H), 4.24-4.08 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 158.4, 155.2, 144.6, 142.1, 138.3, 136.8, 132.3, 128.7 (2C), 128.6, 128.0 (2C), 127.5, 123.8, 123.3, 121.0, 115.2, 111.5, 109.3, 99.4, 80.2, 70.0, 64.5, 63.9, 58.0, 43.6; MS (ES+) m/z 492.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.38

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-25 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.37 and making non- 467 critical variations using 5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'-indolin]-2'-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (77%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-170 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 5 7.45-7.13 (m, 9H), 7.05-6.91 (m, 3H), 6.86-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 5.06-4.94 (m, 4H), 4.83-4.75 (m, 1H), 4.73-4.66 (m, 1H), 4.59-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.09-2.89 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.9, 161.8, 161.3, 158.4, 142.1, 136.8, 132.8, 128.8, 128.6 (2C), 128.2, 128.0, 127.4, 123.8, 123.3, 120.3, 119.9, 118.9, 115.1, 109.2, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 70.0, 57.7, 43.6, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 476.0 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 9.39 SYNTHESIS OF (8S)-1'-[4-(BENZYLOXY)BENZYL]-2,3-DIHYDROSPIRO[FURO[2,3-

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Following the procedure described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 15 variations using (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 4-benzyloxybenzyl chloride to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, (8S)-1'-[4-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: mp 151-153 °C; 1H NMR (300 20 MHz, DMSO-de) δ 7.45-7.23 (m, 8H), 7.18-7.14 (m, 1H), 7.05-6.97 (m, 4H), 6.53 (s, 1H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 5.07 (s, 2H), 4.86 (ABq, J = 27.9, 15.6 Hz, 2H), 4.73 (ABq, J = 39.9, 9.3 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.6, 157.7, 154.6, 144.1, 142.1, 137.8, 136.9, 131.7, 128.7, 128.6, 128.4, 128.3, 127.8, 127.6, 123.5, 122.9, 121.2, 114.9, 110.8, 109.4, 98.8, 79.4, 69.1, 64.1, 63.5, 57.2, 42.4; MS (ES+) 25 m/z 491.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.40

Synthesis of tert-butyl {5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate 468

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O ’—G //—NHBoc

^-N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and tert- 5 butyl [5-(bromomethyl)pyridin-2-yl]carbamate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, tert-butyl {5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyridin-2-yl}carbamate was obtained (74%) as a colorless solid: mp 238-239 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 9.81 (s, 1H), 8.30-8.27 (m, 1H), 7.79-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.73-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.20 10 7.14 (m, 1H), 7.12-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 4.89 (ABq, J = 22.9, 15.5

Hz, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, J = 44.4, 9.3 Hz, 2H), 4.23-4.05 (m, 4H), 1.45 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.7, 154.6, 152.6, 151.8, 146.9, 144.1, 141.8, 137.8, 137.2, 131.6, 128.7, 126.2, 123.6, 123.1, 121.1, 112.2, 110.8, 109.3, 98.8, 79.5, 79.3, 64.1, 63.5, 57.2, 27.9; MS (ES+) m/z 502.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 9.41

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole- 5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 20 variations using 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (60%): mp 192-194 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.73-7.70 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.57 (m, 2H), 7.50-7.48 (m, 1H), 7.41-7.36 (m, 1H), 7.22-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.05-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.68-6.64 25 (m, 1H), 5.54-4.90 (m, 4H), 2.47 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.5, 164.1, 158.1, 155.0, 141.8, 133.3, 132.8, 130.4, 129.5, 127.7, 127.5, 127.4, 127.3, 126.3, 469 126.1, 123.8, 123.1, 117.9, 109.6, 108.9, 108.0, 81.5, 56.4, 40.9, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 450.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.42

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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N

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2- 10 yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (87%): mp 221-222 °C (ethyl acetate); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-cfe) δ 8.66-8.64 (m, 1H), 8.21-8.18 (m, 1H), 7.75-7.72 (m, 1H), 7.54-7.49 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.20 (m, 2H), 7.10-7.07 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.97 (m, 2H), 5.27 (s, 2H), 4.96 (ABq, 2H), 2.41 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-c6) δ 176.7, 164.4, 158.0, 155.7, 155.6, 153.1, 152.7, 143.7, 135.4, 135.3, 15 130.0, 129.7, 126.1, 124.5, 124.3, 123.5, 123.3, 123.1, 122.5, 117.9, 109.9, 108.9, 108.4, 81.7, 56.0, 42.8, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 451.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.43

Synthesis of 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using benzyl 3-bromopropyl ether to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- 20 470 (trifluoromethyl)furan, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (94%): mp 37-38 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 5 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.23 (m, 6H), 7.14-7.12 (m, 1H), 7.02-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.47 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.18 (d, J = 0.9 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (ABq, 2H), 4.47 (s, 1H), 4.18-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.96-3.78 (m, 2H), 3.53 (t, J = 6.3 Hz, 2H), 2.01 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.44 10 Synthesis of ethyl (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetate

O ί

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using ethyl bromoacetate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- 15 (trifluoromethyl)furan, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, ethyl (2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)acetate was obtained (90%): mp 58-59 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.23 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.15 (m, 1H), 7.08-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.74 (m, 20 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 4.89-4.39 (m, 4H), 4.25-4.15 (m, 4H), 4.11-4.08 (m, 2H), 1.26 (t, J = 9.0 Hz, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 381.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.45

Synthesis of 1'-{[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 471

O

O

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10 -

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using (S)-(2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-{[(4S)-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (98%): mp 55-57 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-6.99 (m, 4H), 6.47-6.20 (m, 2H), 4.88-4.84 (m, 1H), 4.63-4.59 (m, 1H), 4.48-4.40 (m, 1H), 4.17-3.77 (m, 8H), 1.35-1.28 (m, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 410.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.46

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002483.tif" id="idf0483" />

15 20

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using iodomethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-hydroxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-methoxy-1'-(4-methoxybenzyl)-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (62%): mp 207-208 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.10-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.90-6.83 (m, 4H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 5.07-4.74 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H), 3.78 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 412.9 (M + 1). 472 EXAMPLE 9.47

Synthesis of 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002484.tif" id="idf0484" />

OMe

CN 10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-methoxy-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (80%): mp 187-189 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.57-8.55 (m, 1H), 7.70-7.64 (m, 1H), 7.27-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.12-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.91-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.55 (s, 1H), 4.97 (ABq, 2H), 3.90 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.7, 165.8, 164.1, 154.9, 149.6, 142.3, 137.1, 131.2, 129.4, 128.8, 123.7, 123.6, 122.9, 122.0, 121.7, 116.7, 109.8, 94.6, 81.2, 56.9, 56.3, 45.9; MS (ES+) m/z 383.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.48

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002485.tif" id="idf0485" />

20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]- 25 5-carbonitrile was obtained (55%): mp 108-109 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 473 7.71-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.20 (m, 3H), 7.15-7.03 (m, 3H), 6.93-6.90 (m, 1H), 6.79-6.76 (m, 1H), 5.26-4.85 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 371.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.49

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002486.tif" id="idf0486" />

F

CN

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002487.tif" id="idf0487" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using (R)-(tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)methyl 4-methylbenzenesulfonate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2- f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (34%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.37-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.12-7.06 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.92 (m, 1H), 6.79-6.74 (m, 1H), 4.94 (ABq, 2H), 4.31-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.91-3.72 (m, 4H), 2.121.84 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 364.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.50

Synthesis of 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002488.tif" id="idf0488" />

20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-[2-(trifluoromethyl)benzyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-

25 indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (55%): mp 193-195 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H 474 NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.76-7.73 (m, 1H), 7.53-7.39 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.07 (m, 3H), 7.01-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.82-6.79 (m, 1H), 6.70-6.67 (m, 1H), 5.27-5.09 (m, 3H), 4.90-4.87 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 419.0 (M - 19). EXAMPLE 9.51 5 Synthesis of 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002489.tif" id="idf0489" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridine to replace 2 10 (bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6-fluoro-2'-oxo-1'-{[3-(trifluoromethyl)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indole]-5-carbonitrile was obtained (67%): mp 209-211 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 15 MHz, DMS0-d6) δ 8.65 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 8.23 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 1H), 7.58-7.54 (m, 1H), 7.42-7.40 (m, 1H), 7.31-7.23 (m, 3H), 7.06-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.93-6.91 (m, 1H), 5.21 (s, 2H), 5.03 (s, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 440.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.52

Synthesis of 4'-bromo-1'-pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'- 20 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002490.tif" id="idf0490" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 1-iodopentane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 4'-bromo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to 25 replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4'-bromo-1'- 475 pentyl-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.20-7.15 (m, 2H), 6.87-6.83 (m, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.16 (s, 1H), 4.89 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.11 (m, 4H), 3.853.59 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.67 (m, 2H), 1.38-1.25 (m, 4H), 0.92-0.85 (m, 3H) ; 13C NMR (75 5 MHz, CDCl3) δ 117.0, 156.4, 144.7, 144.5, 137.9, 130.13, 130.10, 126.9, 119.9, 118.1, 111.0, 107.5, 98.9, 76.8, 64.4, 63.8, 59.3, 40.5, 28.9, 27.0, 22.3, 13.9; MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M+1), 445.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.53

Synthesis of methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 10 1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002491.tif" id="idf0491" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using methyl 3-bromomethylbenzoate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]- 15 2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one, methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate was obtained (99%) as a colorless solid: mp 89-97 °C (ethyl acetate/diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.98-7.95 (m, 2H), 7.51-7.42 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.03-7.01 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.70 (m, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 20 1H), 5.19-5.13 (m, 1H), 4.95-4.92 (m, 1H), 4.84-4.79 (m, 1H), 4.67-4.64 (m, 1H), 4.19 4.11 (m, 4H), 3.90 (s, 3H) 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 166.7, 153.3, 144.7, 141.7, 138.4, 136.1, 132.3, 131.7, 130.8, 129.2, 128.9, 128.1, 124.0, 123.6, 120.9, 111.6, 109.2, 99.4, 80.2, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 52.3, 43.8, 29.7; MS (ES+) m/z 443.8 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 9.54

Synthesis of 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 476

O

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002492.tif" id="idf0492" />

N

O

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 1-bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-

5 f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (98%) as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.45-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 2H), 7.01-6.94 (m, 2H), 5.09-5.06 (m, 1H), 4.85-4.82 (m, 1H), 4.08-3.98 (m, 2H), 3.84-3.80 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.65 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.49 (m, 2H), 3.34 (s, 3H), 2.42 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.1, 163.9, 154.8, 142.8, 130.4, 129.2, 123.5, 123.3, 122.8, 117.9,

10 109.8, 107.9, 81.2, 72.0, 70.7, 68.6, 59.0, 56.3, 40.8, 30.9, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 394.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.55

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 1-bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 135-138 °C 20 (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.45-7.42 (m, 1H), 7.33-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.11 7.09 (m, 1H), 7.01-6.94 (m, 3H), 5.07 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.82 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.94-3.87 (m, 1H), 3.77-3.70 (m, 1H), 2.43 (s, 3H), 1.77-1.63 (m, 3H), 1.01-0.98 (m, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.7, 163.9, 158.3, 154.8, 142.5, 130.8, 129.3, 477 123.7, 123.1, 122.8, 117.9, 109.2, 108.9, 107.9, 81.2, 56.3, 39.1, 36.0, 26.0, 22.6, 22.4, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 362.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.56

Synthesis of 3-methyl-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002493.tif" id="idf0493" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)pyrazine (Newkome, G. R. et al., Synthesis, (1984) 8:676) to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 3-methyl-1'-(pyrazin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (20%) as a colorless solid: mp 170-173 °C (methanol/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.81 (s, 1H), 8.63-8.47 (m, 2H), 7.48-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.21-6.91 (m, 5H), 5.34-5.29 (m, 1H), 5.16-5.06 (m, 2H), 4.90-4.87 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.2, 163.9, 158.1, 154.9, 151.0, 144.1, 141.7, 130.4, 129.4, 123.9, 123.1, 118.0, 109.6, 108.9, 107.9, 81.2, 56.4, 44.3, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 384.7 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.57

Synthesis of 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002494.tif" id="idf0494" />

20

Following the procedure as described in Example 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(chloromethyl)-3-fluoropyridine to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, 1'-[(3-fluoropyridin-2-yl)methyl]-3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (52%) as a colorless solid: mp 167-169 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.38-8.36 (m, 1H), 7.47-7.37 (m, 2H), 7.27-7.18 (m, 3H), 7.10-7.08 (m, 1H), 6.99-6.94 (m, 2H), 5.29-5.14 (m, 3H), 4.88-4.85 (m, 1H), 2.44 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0, 164.1, 158.4, 25 478 156.3, 154.8, 145.3, 143.0, 142.4, 130.3, 129.2, 124.4, 123.6, 123.5, 123.3, 122.9, 117.9, 109.7, 108.9, 107.9, 81.6, 56.4, 41.3, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 401.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.58

Synthesis of methyl 2-[(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002495.tif" id="idf0495" />

N

O 10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using methyl 2-(chloromethyl)oxazole-4-carboxylate to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, methyl 2-[(3-methyl-2'-oxospiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]-1,3-oxazole-4-carboxylate was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 148-152 °C (dichloromethane); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.23 (s, 1H), 7.48-7.45 (m, 1H), 7.30-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.13-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.95 (m, 3H), 5.20 (s, 2H), 5.14-5.11 (m, 1H), 4.88-4.85 (m, 1H), 3.91 (s, 3H), 2.43 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 175.8, 163.9, 161.2, 159.0, 158.2, 154.9, 145.3, 141.1, 133.5, 130.1, 129.6, 124.1, 123.2, 118.0, 109.3, 108.7, 107.9, 81.2, 56.3, 52.3, 37.5, 30.9, 9.8; MS (ES+) m/z 431.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.59

Synthesis of methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002496.tif" id="idf0496" />

To a solution of 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (3.50 g, 11.9 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (75 mL) at 0 °C, was added sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.72 g, 17.9 mmol). The solution 20 479 was stirred at 0 °C for 0.5 h and methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (3.00 g, 13.1 mmol) was added. The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, further sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.30 g, 7.5 mmol) and methyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate (0.50 g, 2.2 mmol) were added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with a 25% to 50% gradient of ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate (4.51 g, 86%) as a colorless solid: mp 167-169 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.00 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.37 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 2H), 7.03-6.96 (m, 1H), 6.73-6.68 (m, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.22 (s, 1H), 5.10 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J = 16.0 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.19-4.04 (m, 4H), 3.87 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 166.6, 155.3, 144.7, 141.8, 140.9, 138.4, 132.2, 130.3, 129.8, 128.9, 127.3, 124.0, 123.6, 120.9, 111.5, 109.2, 99.5, 80.1, 64.5, 63.9, 58.1, 52.2, 43.9; MS (ES+) m/z 443.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.60

Synthesis of 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002497.tif" id="idf0497" />

To a suspension of sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.48 g, 12 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) at 0 °C was added 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.95 g, 10 mmol).

The rection mixture was stirred for 30 min and 4-benzyl-2-(chloromethyl)morpholine (2.71 g, 12 mmol) and potassium iodide (0.10 g, 0.60 mmol) were added. The reaction mixture was heated at 100 °C for 16 h, allowed to cool to ambient temperature and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with ethyl acetate/hexanes (3/7) to afford 1'-[(4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.75 g, 74%) as a colorless solid: mp 88-100 °C; 1H NMR (mixture of diasteroisomers, 300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.35-7.20 (m, 6H), 7.16-7.11 (m, 1H), 7.07-7.00 (m, 2H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.25 (s, 0.5 H), 480 6.20 (s, 0.5H), 4.90-4.80 (m, 1H), 4.64-4.57 (m, 1H), 4.22-4.08 (m, 4H), 3.98-3.40 (m, 7H), 2.87-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.23-1.98 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 485.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.61

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-{[(2S)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-5 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002498.tif" id="idf0498" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.60 and making noncritical variations using (S)-4-benzyl-2-(chloromethyl)morpholine (Toshiya, M. .et al., Heterocycles (1994), 38(5):1033-1040) to replace 4-benzyl-2- 10 (chloromethyl)morpholine, and (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, (8S)-1'-{[(2S)-4-benzylmorpholin-2-yl]methyl}-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (99%): MS (ES+) m/z 485.0 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 9.62

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002499.tif" id="idf0499" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 4-bromobenzyl bromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- 20 (trifluoromethyl)furan, and 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (54%) as a pale yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.51 (s, 1H), 7.48 (s, 1H), 7.23-7.04 (m, 5H), 6.82-6.77 (m, 2H), 6.50 (dd, J = 8.9, 8.9 Hz, 1H), 5.03-4.96 (m, 2H), 25 4.84-4.72 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 442.1 (M + 1), 444.1 (M + 1). 481 EXAMPLE 9.63

Synthesis of 5,6-difluoro-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002500.tif" id="idf0500" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical 5 variations using 1-bromo-3-methylbutane to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)furan, and 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5,6-difluoro-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (96%) as a pale yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34 (t, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.04 (m, 10 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 3.88-3.67 (m, 2H), 1.72-1.60 (m, 3H), 1.01 (d, 6.2 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.3, 156.6 (d, JC-F = 11.0 Hz), 151.1 (dd, JC-F = 248.1, 14.5 Hz), 145.6 (dd, JC-F = 241.3, 14.0 Hz), 142.3, 131.6, 129.2, 123.8, 123.3, 111.5 (d, J = 20.5 Hz), 108.7, 99.9 (d, J = 22.3 Hz), 80.7, 57.7, 15 38.8, 36.0, 26.0, 22.4, 22.3; MS (ES+) m/z 344.4 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.64

Synthesis of 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002501.tif" id="idf0501" />

20 Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5,6-difluoro-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (29%) as 25 a pale yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.58 (d, J = 4.1 Hz, 1H), 7.71 (ddd, J = 9.4, 7.7, 1.7 Hz, 1H), 7.31-7.22 (m, 3H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.4, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (ddd, J = 482 8.4, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 1H), 6.66 (dd, J = 9.2, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 5.23 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.06-4.96 (m, 2H), 4.77 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 365.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.65 5 Synthesis of 5,6-difluoro-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using 4-(bromomethyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5- 10 (trifluoromethyl)furan, and 5,6-difluorospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5,6-difluoro-1'-(tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ylmethyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (32%) as a pale yellow oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.34 (ddd, J = 9.1, 7.7, 1.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16-7.05 (m, 2H), 6.93 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.78 (dd, J = 10.3, 6.3 Hz, 15 1H), 6.49 (dd, J = 9.1, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.70 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.00 (dd, J = 11.6, 2.5 Hz, 2H), 3.75-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.37 (ddd, J = 14.0, 11.6, 2.3 Hz, 2H), 2.15-2.08 (m, 1H), 1.62-1.41 (m, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.8, 156.7 (d, JC-F = 10.9 Hz), 151.1 (dd, JC-F = 248.4, 14.5 Hz), 145.6 (dd, JC-F = 241.4, 14.0 Hz), 142.6, 131.3, 129.3, 124.0, 123.7 (dd, JC-F = 6.1, 3.1 Hz), 123.5, 111.5 (d, JC-F = 20.4 20 Hz), 108.8, 100.1 (d, JC-F = 22.3 Hz), 80.9, 67.3, 57.7, 46.1, 33.8, 30.7; MS (ES+) m/z 372.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.66

Synthesis of 2-[3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002502.tif" id="idf0502" />

25 483

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9 and making non-critical variations using N-(3-bromopropyl)phthalimide to replace 2-(bromomethyl)-5-(trifluoromethyl)furan, and 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 3-methylspiro[furo[3,2-f][1,2]benzisoxazole-5,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 2-[3-(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione was obtained (39%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 214-217 oC; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.84 (dd, J = 5.6, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.72 (dd, J = 5.5, 3.0 Hz, 2H), 7.31-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.18 (dd, J = 7.4, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (ddd, J = 8.4, 7.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.88 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.98-3.89 (m, 1H), 3.85-3.75 (m, 3H), 3.01 (ddd, J = 10.6, 8.4, 1.7 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 168.1, 161.7, 161.2, 141.9, 134.0, 133.0, 131.9, 128.7, 124.0, 123.3, 123.2, 120.2, 119.9, 118.9, 108.2, 93.1, 80.4, 72.4, 57.6, 38.0, 35.7, 29.0, 26.8; MS (ES+) m/z 466.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.67

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2-e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of 7H-spiro[benzofuro[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one (0.400 g, 1.4 mmol) in anhydrous Ν,Ν-dimethylformamide (7 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.086 g, 3.6 mmol) at 0 °C and the mixture was stirred for 20 minutes. 5-(Benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine (0.44 g, 1.9 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 19 h. Potassium iodide (~10 mg, catalytic amount) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h, at ambient temperature for 43 h, at 60 °C for 7 h and at ambient temperature for 3 days. Saturated aqueous ammonium chloride (7 mL) and water (30 mL) were added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 10 mL). The combined organic extracts were washed with water (2 x 20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted with hexanes/ethyl acetate (3/2), followed by trituration in hexanes to afford 1'-{[5-(benzyloxy)pyridin-2-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[3,2- 484 e][2,1,3]benzoxadiazole-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.034 g, 5%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 209-212 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.36 (d, J = 2.7 Hz, 1H), 7.83 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 7.50 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 7.45-7.23 (m, 8H), 7.18 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 5.39 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.27 (d, J = 9.6 Hz, 1H), 5 5.11 (s, 2H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 176.0, 163.0, 154.4, 148.3, 147.1, 144.9, 142.2, 137.8, 136.0, 129.8, 129.7, 128.7, 128.3, 127.6, 123.7, 123.6, 122.4, 122.3, 121.9, 119.3, 110.2, 107.0, 82.0, 70.4, 57.4, 46.0; MS (ES+) m/z 477.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.68 10 Synthesis of ethyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002503.tif" id="idf0503" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.67 and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 15 one to replace 7H-spiro[benzofuro[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one, and ethyl 4-(bromomethyl)benzoate to replace 5-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, ethyl 4-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz,

CDCl3) δ 8.03 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 2H), 7.39 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.21-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.03 (t, J 20 = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.72 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.14 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.95 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 4.36 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 4.22-4.19 (m, 2H), 4.15-4.12 (m, 2H), 1.38 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 458.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.69 25 Synthesis of 2-[3-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione 485 0 0 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002504.tif" id="idf0504" />

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002505.tif" id="idf0505" />

0

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.67 and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace 7H-spiro[benzofuro[4,5-c][1,2,5]oxadiazole-8,3'-indolin]-2'-one, and N-(3-bromopropyl)phthalimide to replace 5-(benzyloxy)-2-(chloromethyl)pyridine, 2-[3-(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)propyl]-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione was obtained (92%) as a pale yellow solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.85-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.74-7.69 (m, 2H), 7.29-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.08-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.87 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.29 (s, 1H), 4.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.18-4.10 (m, 4H), 3.94-3.77 (m, 4H), 2.19-2.10 (m, 2H). EXAMPLE 9.70

Synthesis of (8S)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002506.tif" id="idf0506" />

To a solution of (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.27 g, 0.9 mmol) in dry N,N-dimethylformamide (15 mL) was added sodium hydride (60% w/w dispersion in mineral oil, 0.054 g, 1.4 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 15 minutes and 1 20 bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane (0.33 g, 1.8 mmol) was added in one portion. The mixture was stirred at 60 °C for 6 h and concentrated in vacuo. Water (50 mL) was added to the residue and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography and eluted 486 with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford (8S)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.31 g, 85%) as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.32-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.08 (m, 1H), 7.056.96 (m, 2H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.21 (s, 1H), 4.73 (ABq, 2H), 4.20-4.04 (m, 4H), 4.05-3.83

5 (m, 2H), 3.80-3.69 (m, 2H), 3.64-3.56 (m, 2H), 3.51-3.44 (m, 2H), 3.32 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.5, 155.1, 144.5, 142.5, 138.2, 132.3, 128.6, 123.7, 123.2, 121.2, 111.5, 109.2, 99.3, 80.0, 71.9, 70.4, 68.1, 64.5, 63.9, 59.0, 57.9, 40.2; MS (ES+) m/z 397.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.71 10 Synthesis of 6'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002507.tif" id="idf0507" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'- 15 [1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one was obtained (37%): mp 156-158 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.77 (s, 1H), 8.07 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 7.32 (d, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 4.23 20 4.04 (m, 6H), 3.85-3.77 (m, 2H), 3.67-3.61 (m, 2H), 3.52-3.46 (m, 1H), 3.32 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 455.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.72

Synthesis of 6'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one 487

N

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002508.tif" id="idf0508" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3- 5 g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 1-bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, 6'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,8'-[1,3]thiazolo[5,4-e]indol]-7'(6'H)-one was obtained (41%) as a colorless solid: mp 156-158 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.75 (s, 1H), 8.60-8.53 (m, 1H), 7.98 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 7.69-7.61 (m, 1H), 7.32-7.26 (m, 10 1H), 7.23-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.13 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.56 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.17 (ABq, 2H), 4.87 (ABq, 2H), 4.24-4.03 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 444.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.73

Synthesis of 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

—O

O 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]-2,3- 20 dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: mp 158-160 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 6.43 (s, 1H), 6.33 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 6.20 (s, 1H), 6.06 (d, J = 4.2 Hz, 1H), 4.70-4.46 (m, 2H), 4.19-3.99 (m, 4H), 3.79-3.72 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.52 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.42 (m, 2H), 3.38-3.24 (m, 6H), 3.18-3.11 (m, 3H);13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.8, 162.0, 156.7, 155.6, 155.5, 25 144.7, 144.1, 137.6, 120.4, 110.9, 109.2, 98.8, 92.9, 89.2, 71.0, 70.4, 68.3, 64.4, 63.9, 488 59.0, 56.9, 55.6, 55.5, 40.3; MS (ES+) m/z 458.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.74

Synthesis of 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002509.tif" id="idf0509" />

10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 4',6'-dimethoxy-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, and 2-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide to replace 1-bromo-2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethane, 4',6'-dimethoxy-1'-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (78%) as a colorless solid: mp 187-188 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 8.59-8.34 (m, 1H), 7.86-7.66 (m, 1H), 7.44-7.19 (m, 2H), 6.51-6.32 (m, 1H), 6.32-6.14 (m, 3H), 5.17-4.80 (m, 2H), 4.79-4.50 (m, 2H), 4.25-3.95 (m, 4H), 3.66 (s, 3H), 3.61 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.7, 162.0, 156.7, 155.8, 155.6, 149.4, 144.3, 144.2, 137.7, 137.1, 122.7, 121.5, 120.3, 111.1, 108.9, 98.9, 93.1, 89.5, 64.5, 63.9, 57.1, 55.6, 46.2; MS (ES+) m/z 447.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.75

Synthesis of 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran- 20

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002510.tif" id="idf0510" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 6-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 6- 489 (2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (94%) as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.12 (d, J = 7.2 Hz, 1H), 7.07-6.98 (m, 2H), 6.85 (d, J = 8.7 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (dd, J = 8.7, 2.6 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 2.6 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (ABq, 2H), 4.08-3.88 (m, 4H), 3.823.74 (m, 2H), 3.68-3.59 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.47 (m, 2H), 3.37 (s, 3H), 3.34 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 414.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 9.76

Synthesis of 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 10 \

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002511.tif" id="idf0511" />

15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 9.70 and making noncritical variations using 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one to replace (8S)-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 5-(2-methoxyethoxy)-1'-[2-(2-methoxyethoxy)ethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (80%) as a colorless oil: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.31-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.10 (m, 1H), 7.06-6.99 (m, 2H), 6.63-6.58 (m, 1H), 6.56-6.53 (m, 1H), 6.42-6.36 (m, 1H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.11-4.02 (m, 2H), 3.83-3.76 (m, 2H), 3.75-3.70 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.54 (m, 4H), 3.52-3.45 (m, 2H), 3.43 (s, 3H), 3.33 (s, 3H); MS (ES+) m/z 414.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 10

Synthesis of 1-(pyridazin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002512.tif" id="idf0512" />

To a stirred suspension of 5,6-dihydro-2H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-b]furan-3,3'- 490 indolin]-2'-one (0.20 g, 0.72 mmol) and pyridazin-4-ylmethanol (0.08 g, 0.72 mmol) in dry tetrahydrofuran (5 mL) was added at 0 °C tributylphosphine (0.27 mL, 1.1 mmol), followed by N,N,N',N'-tetramethylazodicarboxamide (0.19 g, 1.1 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 0 °C for 15 min and at ambient temperature for 64 h. Saturated aqueous solution of ammonium chloride (10 mL) was added and the mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (4 x 100 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with water (2 x 60 mL), brine (100 mL), dried over anhydrous magnesium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate from 1:1 to 1:3) to afford 1-(pyridazin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.03 g,11%): mp 187189 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.25-9.16 (m, 2H), 7.44-7.39 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.21 (m, 2H), 7.14-7.07 (m, 1H), 6.74-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H), 4.60-4.52 (m, 2H), 3.11-2.93 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 178.1, 162.1, 161.4, 151.3, 150.7, 141.0, 135.5, 132.5, 129.0, 124.7, 124.5, 124.3, 120.2, 119.5, 118.7, 108.4, 93.4, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 41.0, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 372.3 (M + 1); EXAMPLE 11

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002513.tif" id="idf0513" />

A mixture of 2-bromothiazole-5-methanol (0.80 g, 4.12 mmol) in thionyl chloride (10 mL) was refluxed for 3 h, and the mixture was evaporated to dryness and dried in vacuo. The residue was re-dissolved in 2-butanone (15 mL), followed by addition of cesium carbonate (2.61 g, 8.0 mmol) and spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.12 g, 4.0 mmol). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 16 h, then concentrated to dryness in vacuo. The residue was taken up in ethyl acetate (200 mL), washed by water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic phase was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.70 g, 38%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.58 (s, 1H), 7.30 491 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.09 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.52 (s, 1H), 6.09 (s, 1H), 5.90-5.86 (m, 2H), 5.16-5.08 (m, 1H), 4.97(d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 413.0 (M + 1), 415.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.1

Synthesis of 1'-{[2-(dimethylamino)-1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002514.tif" id="idf0514" />

0 &gt; 0 CH3

Nx

CH 10 15 20

To a solution of 1'-[(2-chloro-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.10 g, 0.24 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (5 mL) was added 2 M dimethyl amine in tetrahydrofuran (2.0 mL, 4.0 mmol) under nitrogen in a sealed tube. The reaction mixture was heated at 120 °C for 16 h. The reaction was quenched with the water, then extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 50 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with 30% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 1'-{[2-(dimethylamino)- 1,3-thiazol-5-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.08 g, 76%) as a colorless solid: mp 200-202 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.20 (s, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.08-6.95 (m, 2H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.91-5.84 (m, 2H), 5.05 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.84 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.06 (s, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 172.0, 156.1, 149.0, 142.5, 141.5, 139.1, 132.4, 129.1, 124.1, 123.7, 119.7, 119.5, 109.2, 103.3, 101.6, 93.7, 80.5, 58.2, 40.4, 37.2; MS (ES+) m/z 422.1 (M + 1). 25 EXAMPLE 11.2

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 492 10

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002515.tif" id="idf0515" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.1 and making noncritical variations using morpholine to replace dimethyl amine, 1'-[(2-morpholin-4-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 97-99 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5, Hz, 1H), 7.23 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.97 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.91-5.84 (m, 2H), 5.05 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.64 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.78 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H), 3.43 (t, J = 4.8 Hz, 4H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.3, 172.3, 156.1, 149.1, 142.5, 141.4, 138.6, 132.4, 129.1, 124.2, 123.8, 120.9, 119.4, 109.1, 103.3, 101.7, 93.8, 80.5, 66.2, 58.2, 48.6, 37.0; MS (ES+) m/z 464.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.3

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-15 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002516.tif" id="idf0516" />

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.1 and making noncritical variations using piperidine to replace dimethyl amine, 1'-[(2-piperidin-1-yl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was 20 obtained (98%) as a colorless solid: mp 195-197 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (s, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.14 (s, 1H), 5.90-5.84 (m, 2H), 5.04 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 3.46-3.36 (m, 4H), 1.70-1.57 (m, 6H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 25 172.3, 156.1, 149.0, 142.5, 141.5, 138.6, 132.4, 129.1, 124.1, 123.7, 119.5, 119.4, 109.2, 103.3, 101.6, 93.7, 80.5, 58.2, 49.8, 37.1, 25.1, 24.1; MS (ES+) m/z 462.1 (M + 1). 493 EXAMPLE 11.4

Synthesis of 1'-[(2-methoxy-1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002517.tif" id="idf0517" />

O &gt;

O 10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.1 and making noncritical variations using sodium methoxide to replace dimethyl amine, 1'-[(2-methoxy- 1,3-thiazol-5-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (19%) as a colorless solid: mp 164-166 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.13 (m, 2H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.11 (s, 1H), 5.90-5.84 (m, 2H), 5.05 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 15.6 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.03 (s, 3H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.2, 175.7, 156.1, 149.1, 142.5, 141.3, 136.2, 132.4, 129.1, 124.7, 124.3, 123.9, 119.3, 108.9, 103.2, 101.7, 93.8, 80.5, 58.4, 58.2, 37.2; MS (ES+) m/z 409.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 11.5

Synthesis of 1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002518.tif" id="idf0518" />

A solution of tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran- 20 3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1-carboxylate (0.94 g, 1.98 mmol) and trifluoroacetic acid (2 mL) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 1.5 h. The reaction was made basic with 1 M sodium hydroxide solution (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 25 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under 25 reduced pressure to afford 1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.73 g, 98%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 494

Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.71 (dd, J = 13.9, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.57 (dd, J = 13.9, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.21-3.11 (m, 2H), 2.99 (td, J = 8.7, 2.7 Hz, 2H), 2.74 (br s, 1H), 2.67-2.56 (m, 2H), 2.08-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.77-1.66 (m, 2H), 1.44-1.30 (m, 2H). 5 EXAMPLE 11.6

Synthesis of 1'-{[1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002519.tif" id="idf0519" />

sodium cyanoborohydride (0.10 g, 1.51 mmol) and acetic acid (6 drops) in methanol (4 mL), sealed in a well-stoppered round-bottomed flask, was stirred at 60 °C for 16 h. The reaction was cooled, diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 25 mL). The organic solution was dried over 15 sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol (14:1) afforded 1'-{[1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.21 g, 64%) as a colorless foam: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.33 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.14-7.05 (m, 3H), 6.44 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.81 20 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.74 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.02-2.91 (m, 4H), 2.77 (septet, J = 6.6 Hz, 1H), 2.30-2.18 (m, 2H), 2.00-1.84 (m, 1H), 1.81-1.71 (m, 2H), 1.50-1.34 (m, 2H), 1.08 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 180.3, 163.2, 162.9, 144.1, 134.1, 123.0, 124.8, 124.6, 121.6, 121.4, 120.0, 110.5, 93.7, 81.7, 73.5, 59.2, 56.2, 25 49.5, 49.4, 46.6, 36.0, 30.7 (2C), 29.9, 18.3, 18.3; MS (ES+) m/z 419.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.7

Synthesis of 1'-{[1-(1-methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride 495

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002520.tif" id="idf0520" />

acid in 1,4-dioxane (0.50 mL, 2.0 mmol) in methanol (1.5 mL) was stirred at ambient 5 temperature for 30 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate/hexanes and the resulting precipitate was collected by filtration. The precipitate was dried to afford 1'-{[1-(1- methylethyl)piperidin-4-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride (0.17 g, 76%) as a colorless powder: mp 167 °C (dec.) 10 (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.36 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.2, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.197.08 (m, 3H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.33 (s, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.80 (dd, J = 14.3, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 3.73 (dd, J = 14.3, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.54-3.42 (m, 3H), 3.07-2.96 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.09-1.98 (m, 2H), 1.761.60 (m, 2H), 1.35 (d, J = 6.6 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 180.4, 163.3, 15 162.9, 143.8, 134.0, 130.1, 124.9, 124.8, 121.5 (2C), 120.1, 110.4, 93.7, 81.8, 73.5, 59.7, 59.3, 49.5, 45.8, 34.1, 29.9, 28.7, 28.67, 17.0; MS (ES+) m/z 419.3 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd. for C26H30N2Os-HCl-2H2O: C, 63.60; H, 7.18; N, 5.71; Found: C, 63.80; H, 6.83; N, 5.67. 20 EXAMPLE 11.8

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002521.tif" id="idf0521" />

25 A mixture of 1'-(piperidin-4-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.37 g, 0.99 mmol), acetaldehyde (0.08 mL, 1.4 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyborohydride (0.32 g, 1.51 mmol) in 1,2-dichloroethane (4 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 17.5 h. The orange reaction mixture was 496 diluted with saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (30 mL) and was extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 25 mL). The organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol (19:1) afforded 1'-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.32 g, 80%) as a yellow foam: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 (ddd, J = 7.8, 7.8, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (dd, J = 7.5, 0.9 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.90 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.73 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.60 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.1 Hz, 1H), 3.10-2.95 (m, 4H), 2.52 (q, J = 7.1 Hz, 2H), 2.14-1.87 (m, 3H), 1.83-1.72 (m, 2H), 1.671.52 (m, 2H), 1.15 (t, J = 7.1 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.2, 161.9, 161.5, 143.0, 132.9, 128.9, 124.1, 123.4, 120.3, 120.0, 118.9, 108.8, 93.4, 80.9, 72.5, 57.8, 52.6, 45.8, 34.5, 29.6, 29.5, 29.2, 11.7; MS (ES+) m/z 405.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.9

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002522.tif" id="idf0522" />

1,4-dioxane, 0.40 mL, 1.6 mmol) in methanol (1.0 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 35 min. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was suspended in ethyl acetate/hexanes and the precipitate was collected by filtration and washed with hexanes. The precipitate was dried to afford 1'-[(1-ethylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride (0.18 g, 100%) as an off-white powder: mp 135 °C (dec.) (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.36 (dd, J = 6.9, 6.6 Hz, 1H), 7.20-7.07 (m, 3H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 4.83 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.67 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (t, J = 8.3 Hz, 2H), 3.84-3.68 (m, 2H), 3.65-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.21-3.10 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.87 (m, 4H), 2.31-2.16 (m, 1H), 2.08-1.95 (m, 2H), 1.76-1.58 (m, 2H), 1.35 (t, J = 6.2 Hz, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 180.4, 163.2, 162.9, 143.8, 133.9, 130.1, 124.9, 124.8, 121.5 (2C), 120.1, 110.5, 93.7, 81.8, 73.5, 59.2, 53.4, 53.0, 45.9, 34.0, 29.9, 497 28.7 (2C), 9.7; MS (ES+) m/z 405.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.10

Synthesis of 1'-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-

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water, 0.80 mL, 10.6 mmol) and formic acid (0.80 mL, 21.2 mmol) in water (2 mL) was stirred at 80 °C for 14.5 h. The reaction was diluted with 1 M sodium hydroxide (25 10 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 25 mL). The organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography with methanol/dichloromethane/ammonium hydroxide (32:1:0.17, increased to 19:1:0.2) afforded 1'-[(1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.18 g, 48%) as a 15 colorless solid: mp 155-158 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 6.9 Hz, 1H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.2 Hz, 1H), 6.89 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.72 (dd, J = 14.0, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 3.58 (dd, J = 14.0, 6.9 Hz, 1H), 2.99 (td, J = 8.3, 1.2 Hz, 2H), 2.91-2.82 (m, 2H), 2.27 (s, 3H), 1.97-1.80 (m, 3H), 20 1.75-1.65 (m, 2H), 1.53-1.38 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 161.9, 161.5, 143.0, 133.0, 128.8, 124.1, 123.3, 120.3, 120.0, 118.9, 108.7, 93.3, 80.9, 72.5, 57.7, 55.3, 46.5, 46.1, 34.3, 30.3, 29.2; MS (ES+) m/z 391.2 (M + 1); Anal. Calcd. for C24H26N2O3: C, 73.82; H, 6.71; N, 7.17; Found: C, 73.46; H, 7.10; N, 7.22. EXAMPLE 11.11 25 Synthesis of 1'-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 498

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Following the procedure described in EXAMPLE 11.5 and making non-critical variations using tert-butyl (2S)-2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate to replace tert-butyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6- 5 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]piperidine-1- carboxylate, tetrahydrofuran to replace dichloromethane, 1'-[(2S)-pyrrolidin-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (89%) as a pale yellow solid: mp 83-86 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.29 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.07-6.99 (m, 10 2H), 6.52, 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.95, 4.91 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.91-3.71 (m, 2H), 3.69-3.60 (m, 1H), 3.14-2.90 (m, 5H), 1.98-1.70 (m, 3H), 1.66-1.51 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 363.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.12

Synthesis of 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- 15 yl)methyl]benzoic acid

CO2H

To a solution of methyl 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate (2.80 g, 6.5 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) and water (10 mL) was added lithium hydroxide monohydrate (0.82 g, 19 mmol). The 20 reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. Most of the tetrahydrofuran was removed in vacuo and the resultant solution was washed with diethyl ether (2 χ 50 mL). The aqueous phase was rendered acidic to litmus by the addition of 1 M hydrochloric acid and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 χ 50 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered and 25 concentrated in vacuo. The residue was triturated with diethyl ether (50 mL) and the solid was collected by vacuum filtration, washed with diethyl ether (20 mL), air-dried 499 and dried under high vaccum to afford 3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid (2.20 g, 81%) as a colorless solid: mp &gt; 250 °C (water); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.06 (br s, 1H), 7.89-7.82 (m, 2H), 7.66 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.55-7.47 (m, 1H), 7.29-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.07-6.96 (m, 2H),

5 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.17-4.72 (m, 4H), 4.55-4.45 (m, 2H), 3.06-2.88 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.2, 167.1, 161.2, 160.7, 142.0, 136.9, 132.2, 131.8, 131.2, 129.1, 128.8, 128.4, 127.3, 123.8, 123.2, 120.5, 120.0, 118.9, 109.3, 92.5, 79.7, 72.1, 57.0, 42.5; MS (ES+) m/z 414.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.13 10

Synthesis of 1'-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 20 A stirred solution of N'-hydroxy-4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide (0.40 g, 0.94 mmol) and trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.4 mL) in pyridine (2 mL) was heated at 170 °C in a microwave reactor for 30 min. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (20% to 40% gradient) to afford 1'-{4-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.34 g, 71%) as a colorless solid: mp 178-179 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 8.09 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.49 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 2H), 7.24-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.04 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.15 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.99 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.90 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.54 (t, J = 8.62 Hz, 2H), 3.072.93 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 194.7, 178.0, 168.8, 162.0, 161.4, 141.8, 140.4, 132.7, 128.8, 128.3, 128.1, 124.5, 124.1, 123.7, 120.0, 118.8, 116.0 (q, J = 273.8 Hz), 109.1, 93.4, 80.7, 72.4, 57.8, 43.9, 29.1; MS (ES+) m/z 506.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.14

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25 500

O

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N V ^CHa Ν-q

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.13 and making noncritical variations using acetyl chloride to replace trifluoroacetic anhydride, 1'-[4-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-

5 indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (82%) as a colorless solid: mp 185-186 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.03 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.44 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.25-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.02 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.13 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.71 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.10-2.89 (m, 2H), 2.63 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 10 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 176.7, 168.0, 161.9, 161.4, 141.9, 139.0, 132.7, 128.8, 127.9 (2C), 126.4, 124.0, 123.6, 120.1, 120.0, 118.8, 109.2, 93.3, 80.6, 72.4, 57.8, 43.9, 29.1, 12.4; MS (ES+) m/z 451.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.15

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 15 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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N A mixture of 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.22 g, 0.5 mmol), pyridin-4-ylboronic acid (0.09 g, 0.75 mmol), tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0.06 g, 0.05 mmol) and sodium 20 carbonate (1 mL of 2 M water solution, 2.0 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (4 mL) was heated in microwave reactor at 150 °C for 15 min. The reaction mixture was subjected to column chromatography with ethyl acetate/hexanes (1:1) to afford 1'-[(5- 501 pyridin-4-ylfuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.15 g, 66%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) !δ 8.55 (s, 2H), 7.52-7.00 (m, 6H), 6.83 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (d, J = 3.4 Hz, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.00 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.52-4.44 (m, 2H), 2.87 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 5 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) !δ 177.5, 161.8, 161.2, 151.0, 150.8, 149.7, 141.6, 137.3, 132.6, 128.7, 124.0, 123.7, 120.1, 119.9, 118.8, 117.7, 111.2, 110.0, 108.9, 93.2, 80.4, 72.3, 57.6, 37.2, 28.9; MS (ES+) m/z 436.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.16

Synthesis of 1'-(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 10 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.15 and making noncritical variations using pyridin-3-ylboronic acid to replace pyridin-4-ylboronic acid, and 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)- )-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 15 to replace 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-(4-pyridin-3-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (42%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) 11δ 8.73-8.69 (m, 1H), 8.49-8.44 (m, 1H), 7.95-7.88 (m, 1H), 7.59-6.79 (m, 9H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 5.11-5.01 (m, 1H), 5.11-4.81 (m, 3H), 4.67 (dd, J = 20 9.1, 1.42 Hz, 1H), 4.48 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 3.05-2.86 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) !δ 181.4, 164.7, 164.2, 150.4, 150.0, 144.8, 139.7, 139.6, 138.9, 138.3, 135.4, 131.8, 131.1, 130.5, 127.1, 126.8, 126.7, 123.0, 121.8, 112.3, 96.0, 83.4, 75.3, 60.8, 46.6, 31.8; MS (ES+) m/z 446.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.17 25 Synthesis of 1'-[(2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 502

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.15 and making noncritical variations using 2-fluorophenylboronic acid to replace pyridin-4-ylboronic acid, and 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-

5 one to replace 1'-[(5-bromofuran-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one, 1'-[(2'-fluorobiphenyl-4-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (34%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) ΞΙΞΙδ 8.72-7.91 (m, 12H), 7.61 (s, 1H), 7.54 (s, 1H), 6.11 (ABq, 2H), 5.97 (ABq, 2H), 5.64 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.20-4.01 (m, 2H); 13C 10 NMR (75 MHz, CDCb) □δ 177.9, 161.8, 161.3, 158.0, 142.1, 135.3 (2C), 135.2, 132.8, 130.6 (2C), 129.5, 129.4, 129.2, 129.1, 128.7, 128.4, 128.3, 127.5, 124.4 (2C), 123.9, 123.4, 120.2, 119.9, 118.9, 116.3, 116.0, 109.3, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 57.7, 43.9, 29.0. EXAMPLE 11.18

Synthesis of 1'-{2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3- 15 f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)propanimidamide (0.50 g, 1.4 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0.3 mL, 2.0 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added 20 trifluoromethylacetic anhydride (0.3 mL, 2.0 mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, then partitioned with saturated solution of ammonium chloride in water (10 mL) and the aqueous layer was extracted with dichloromethane (2 x 25 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and 503 concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15% to 50% gradient) to afford 1'-{2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)- 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.20 g, 33%) as a colorless solid: mp 45-48 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCI3) δ 7.27-7.20 (m, 5 1H), 7.14 (d, J = 7.1 Hz, 1H), 7.03 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.23 (s, 1H), 5.87-5.83 (m, 2H), 4.74 (ABq, 2H), 4.27-4.05 (m, 2H), 3.28 (td, J = 6.4, 1.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.6, 168.8, 166.0 (q, J = 44.5 Hz), 155.9, 148.9, 142.4, 141.4, 132.4, 128.8, 124.3, 123.6, 119.1, 115.8 (q, J = 273.9 Hz), 107.8, 103.3, 101.5, 93.5, 80.5, 58.1, 37.8, 24.2; MS (ES+) m/z 446.1 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 11.19

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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15 20 25

To a stirred solution of 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-hydroxyacetimidamide (0.39 g, 1.0 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0.20 mL, 1.5 mmol) in dichloromethane (20 mL) was added trifluoromethylacetic anhydride (0.21 mL, 1.5 mmol). The solution was stirred for 2 h at ambient temperature then concentrated in vacuo and dissolved in ethyl acetate (50 mL). The ethyl acetate solution was washed with saturated solution of ammonium chloride in water (2 x 25 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15% to 50% gradient) to afford 1'-{2-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3- yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.13 g, 29%) as a colorless solid: mp 138-140 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.34 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.67 (s, 1H), 6.27 (s, 1H), 5.30 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.8, 167.6, 165.8 (q, J = 106.3 Hz), 156.6, 149.1, 143.7, 142.0, 131.0, 130.3, 128.4, 124.3, 117.1, 116.0 (q, J = 273.2 Hz), 109.0, 103.2, 102.0, 93.4, 77.3, 58.4, 36.1; MS (ES+) m/z 466.0 (M + 1). 504 EXAMPLE 11.20

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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5 A stirred solution of 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'- indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-[(cyclopropylcarbonyl)oxy]ethanimidamide (0.24 g, 0.52 mmol) in pyridine (1 mL) was heated at 170 °C for 30 min in a microwave reactor. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15% to 50% gradient) to afford 4'-chloro-1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4- 10 oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.36 g, 16%) as a colorless solid: mp 180-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.19 (dd, J = 8.1, 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.99 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.28 (s, 1H), 5.86 (d, J = 1.2 Hz, 1H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.94 (ABq, 2H), 2.20-2.10 (m, 1H). 1.261.12 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.9, 177.0, 165.4, 156.8, 149.2, 143.0, 15 142.1, 131.6, 130.0, 128.4, 124.6, 116.5, 107.4, 103.0, 101.5, 93.2, 58.7, 36.1, 10.57, 10.53, 7.8; MS (ES+) m/z 438.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.21

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-{1-[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 20

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25

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.19 and making noncritical variations using difluoromethylacetic anhydride to replace trifluoromethylacetic anhydride, 4'-chloro-1'-{1-[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]ethyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (35%) as a colorless solid: mp 179-182 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.25-7.17 (m, 1H), 7.03 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 6.76 (t, J = 52.0 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.24 (s, 1H), 5.86 (ABq, 505 2H), 5.15 (ABq, 2H), 4.94 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.1, 170.6 (t, J = 30.2 Hz), 166.3, 156.8, 149.3, 142.6, 142.2, 131.9, 130.3, 128.2, 124.9, 116.1, 107.1, 105.3 (t, J = 244.5 Hz), 102.9, 101.6, 93.3, 58.7, 35.8; MS (ES+) m/z 448.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.22

Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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^Ny-CHF

NO

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.19 and making noncritical variations using difluoromethylacetic anhydride to replace trifluoromethylacetic

10 anhydride, and N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-c][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)acetimidamide to replace 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'-hydroxyacetimidamide, 1'-{[5-(difluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (67%) as a colorless solid: mp 137-139 °C; 1H NMR 15 (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.30-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.08 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.8

Hz, 1H), 6.76 (t, J = 52.0 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.26 (s, 1H), 6.85 (m, 2H), 5.16 (ABq, 2H), 4.82 (ABq, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 170.5, 166.5, 155.8, 149.0, 142.4, 140.8, 132.2, 129.1, 124.2, 124.1, 119.2, 108.6, 105.4 (t, J = 244.2 Hz), 103.3, 101.5, 93.6, 80.2, 58.2, 35.6; MS (ES+) m/z 414.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 11.23

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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To a stirred solution of N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-25 c][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)acetimidamide (0.20 g, 0.57 mmol) and diisopropylamine (0.40 mL, 2.9 mmol) in dichloromethane (10 mL) was added 506 trimethylacetic anhydride (0.2 mL, 1.1 mmol). The solution was stirred at ambient temperature for 2 h then concentrated in vacuo to afford the intermediate 2-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5-d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)-N'-(pivaloyloxy)acetimidamide. The crude residue was dissolved in pyridine (3 mL) and heated at 170 °C for 30 min in a microwave reactor. The solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexane (15% to 50% gradient) to afford 1'-[(5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.16 g, 67%) as a colorless solid: mp 183-185 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.27-7.16 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.85 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.35 (s, 1H), 5.84 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 2H), 5.05 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 1.39 (s, 9H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 187.4, 177.4, 165.5, 155.7, 148.9, 142.4, 141.2, 132.4, 128.9, 123.9, 123.8, 119.7, 108.8, 103.5, 101.5, 93.5, 80.1, 58.3, 36.1, 33.7, 28.3; MS (ES+) m/z 420.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.24

Synthesis of 1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.23 and making noncritical variations using cyclopropane carboxylic acid chloride to replace trimethylacetic anhydride, 1'-[(5-cyclopropyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (20%) as a colorless solid: mp 136-137 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.24 (dd, J = 7.7, 7.7 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.3 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (s, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 5.84 (d, J = 3.8 Hz, 2H), 5.00 (ABq, J = 16.4 Hz, 2H), 4.82 (ABq, J = 9.0 Hz, 2H), 2.20-2.09 (m, 1H), 1.21-1.16 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 182.7, 177.3, 165.6, 155.7, 148.9, 142.4, 141.2, 132.3, 128.9, 123.9, 123.8, 119.6, 108.9, 103.5, 101.5, 93.5, 80.2, 58.2, 35.8, 10.50, 10.46, 7.8; MS (ES+) m/z 404.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.25

Synthesis of 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 507

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Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.23 and making noncritical variations using isobutyryl chloride to replace trimethylacetic anhydride, and 2-(4'-chloro-2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)-N'- 5 hydroxyacetimidamide to replace N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxo-6H-spiro[benzofuro[6,5- d][1,3]dioxole-7,3'-indoline]-1'-yl)acetimidamide, 4'-chloro-1'-{[5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (26%) as a colorless solid: mp 165-167 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.19 (dd, J = 8.0, 8.0 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 8.2, 0.8 Hz, 1H), 6.77 (dd, J = 7.8, 0.7 Hz, 1H),

10 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.32 (s, 1H), 5.85 (ABq, 2H), 5.04 (ABq, 2H), 4.95 (ABq, 2H), 3.17 (sep, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (d, J = 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 185.2, 177.1, 165.3, 156.7, 149.2, 143.0, 142.1, 131.6, 130.1, 128.4, 124.6, 116.5, 107.3, 103.1, 101.5, 93.2, 77.1, 58.8, 36.2, 27.5, 20.1, 20.0; MS (ES+) m/z 440.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.26 15 Synthesis of 1'-{[5-(1-methylethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]methyl}spiro[furo[2,3- f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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A stirred solution of N'-hydroxy-2-(2'-oxospiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)ethanimidamide (0.35 g, 1.0 mmol) and isobutyric anhydride (250 mL, 20 1.5 mmol) in pyridine (3 mL) was heated at 170 °C in a microwave reactor for 30 min.

The solution was concentrated in vacuo to dryness, purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15% to 50% gradient) to afford 1'-[(5-tert-butyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)methyl]spiro[furo[2,3-f][1,3]benzodioxole-7,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.26 g, 64%) as a colorless solid: mp 196-199 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.28-7.15 (m, 25 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.86 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.34 (s, 1H), 6.86 6.82 (m, 2H), 5.06 (ABq, 2H), 4.83 (ABq, 2H), 3.18 (sep, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 1.36 (d, J = 508 7.0 Hz, 6H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 185.0, 177.4, 165.6, 155.7, 148.9, 142.4, 141.2, 132.3, 128.9, 123.9, 123.8, 119.7, 108.9, 103.5, 101.5, 93.5, 80.1, 58.2, 36.0, 27.5, 20.1, 20.0; MS (ES+) m/z 406.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.27 5 Synthesis of 1'-[3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a solution of N'-hydroxy-3-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzenecarboximidamide (0.36 g, 0.84 mmol) in 10 pyridine (3 mL) was added acetyl chloride (0.12 mL, 1.68 mmol). The reaction was stirred in a microwave reactor (170 °C, 200 watts, 200 psi) for 30 min. The mixture was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (25% to 40% gradient), and recrystallized from ethyl acetate and diethylether to afford 1'-[3-(5-methyl-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6- 15 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.27 g, 71%) as a colorless solid: mp 209-213 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.06-8.03 (m, 1H), 7.997.96 (m, 1H), 7.48-7.44 (m, 2H), 7.19-7.12 (m, 2H), 7.03-6.98 (m, 1H), 6.77-6.74 (m, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.18 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85 (d, J = 15.8 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.56-4.50 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.95 (m, 2H), 20 2.63 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.0, 176.7, 168.1, 161.9, 161.3, 141.9, 136.6, 132.8, 129.9, 129.6, 128.8, 127.5, 126.9, 126.0, 124.0, 123.6, 120.2, 120.1, 119.1, 109.2, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 57.8, 43.8, 29.1, 12.4; MS (ES+) m/z 451.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.28

Synthesis of 1'-{3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 25 509

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critical variations using trifluoroacetic anhydride to replace acetyl chloride, 1'-{3-[5-(trifluoromethyl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl]benzyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- 5 b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (71%) as a colorless solid: mp 182-188 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.12-7.97 (m, 2H), 7.60-7.51 (m, 2H), 7.25-7.17 (m, 2H), 7.06-7.00 (m, 1H), 6.76-6.72 (m, 1H), 6.57 (s, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 5.22 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 5.00 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 15.9 Hz, 1H), 4.72 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.57-4.51 (m, 2H), 3.07-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 168.8, 161.9, 10 161.4, 141.7, 137.1, 132.8, 131.1, 129.9, 128.8, 127.3, 126.1, 125.6, 124.1, 123.7, 120.2, 120.1, 119.0, 109.1, 93.3, 80.6, 72.5, 65.9, 57.8, 43.7, 29.0, 15.3; MS (ES+) m/z 505.8 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.29

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2- 15 b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzamide (0.40 g, 0.96 mmol) in 1,4-dioxane (15 mL) was added N,N-dimethylacetamide dimethyl acetal (1.42 mL, 9.71 mmol). The reaction 20 was heated to reflux for 18 h, concentrated in vacuo. To the above residue were added acetic acid (15 mL) and hydrazine monohydrate (0.15 mL, 3.17 mmol). The reaction was stirred at 90 °C for 6 h, cooled to ambient temperature, quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate (15 mL), and extracted with chloroform. The combined organic solution was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium 25 sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified 510 by column chromatography with 5% methanol in ethyl acetate, and recrystallized from dichloromethane and hexanes to afford 1'-[4-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.07 g, 16%) as a colorless solid: mp 169-180 °C (hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 10.72 (s, 1H), 5 8.01 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.41 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.15 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 2H), 7.01 (t, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.79 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.19-4.09 (m, 4H), 4.53-4.47 (m, 2H), 2.95-2.90 (m, 2H), 2.50 (s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.3, 161.9, 161.4, 141.9, 136.9, 132.7, 128.8, 127.8, 126.9, 123.9, 123.6, 120.0, 119.9, 118.8, 109.4, 93.2, 80.6, 72.4, 57.8, 44.0, 28.9, 11.7; MS (ES+) m/z 450.8 (M + 1). 10 EXAMPLE 11.30

Synthesis of 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzoic acid

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Lithium hydroxide monohydrate (1.48 g, 35.2 mmol) was added to a solution of 15 methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]benzoate (6.00 g, 14.2 mmol) in a mixed solvent (tetrahyrofuran/water = 2/1 v/v, 180 mL), and stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. Most of tetrahydrofuran was removed under vacuum, and 150 mL water was added. The solution was extracted with 50 mL of mixed solvent (ethyl acetate/hexanes: 1/3 v/v). The water layer was 20 acidified with1 N HCl solution until pH 2. After filtration and air dry, 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid was obtained (5.60 g, 96%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.2 (br s, 1H), 7.95 (dd, J = 7.7, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.51 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.37 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.24-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.12-6.96 (m, 2H), 6.81 (d, J = 7.7 Hz, 1H), 6.58 25 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.39-5.18 (m, 2H), 4.86 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.74 (d, J = 8.9 Hz, 1H), 4.47 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 3.95 (s, 3H), 2.95 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 177.8, 168.7, 161.6, 161.2, 143.0, 137.6, 133.0, 132.6, 131.5, 129.8, 129.2, 127.7, 126.4, 124.2, 123.6, 120.9, 120.4, 119.7, 109.7, 92.9, 80.5, 72.6, 57.5, 42.5, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 414.0 (M + 1). 511 EXAMPLE 11.31

Synthesis of 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid Ν'

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10

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.30 and making noncritical variations using methyl 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate to replace methyl 2-[(2'-oxo-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoate, 4-[(2'-oxo-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]benzoic acid was obtained (95%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 12.93 (s, 1H), 7.90 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.43 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (dd, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.00 (dd, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.98 (ABq, 2H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.47 (t, J = 8.9 Hz, 2H), 3.01-2.85 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 414.1 (M + 1). 15 EXAMPLE 11.32

Synthesis of 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)- yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid

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A mixture of methyl 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine- 20 8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylate (1.38 g, 3.17 mmol) and lithium hydroxide (0.76 g, 31.7 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (10 mL) and water (10 mL) was stirred at 60 °C for 2 h. The reaction mixture was acidified with 1 M hydrochloric acid (50 mL) and extracted with dichloromethane (3 χ 30 mL). The combined organic solution was washed with brine (50 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and 25 concentrated under reduced pressure to afford 5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxylic acid (1.36 g, quantitative) as a colorless solid: mp 192-195 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.40 ( br s, 1H), 7.27 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.25 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 7.18 512 (d, J = 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.06 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (s, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 3.3 Hz, 1H), 6.31 (s, 1H), 5.19 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 16.5 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.21-4.07 (m, 4H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.4, 162.8, 155.2, 154.4, 144.8, 143.7, 141.3, 138.6, 132.3, 129.1, 124.2, 124.0, 121.1, 120.9, 111.8, 110.7, 109.0, 99.5, 80.0, 64.7, 64.0, 58.2, 37.5; MS (ES+) m/z 419.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.33

Synthesis of N,N-dimethyl-5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-

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hydrochloride (0.17 g, 2.04 mmol), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (0.26 g, 1.35 mmol), 1-hydroxybenzotriazole hydrate (0.21 g, 1.54 mmol) and 4-methylmorpholine (0.30 mL, 2.7 mmol) in N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure, the residue was taken up into ethyl acetate (75 mL) and washed sequentially with 1 M hydrochloric acid (2 χ 50 mL), water (50 mL) and brine (50 mL). The organic phase was further diluted with dichloromethane until all the material was in solution, then was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. Purification by flash column chromatography with dichloromethane/methanol (29:1) afforded N,N-dimethyl-5-[(2'-oxo-2,3-dihydrospiro[furo[2,3-g][1,4]benzodioxine-8,3'-indol]-1'(2'H)-yl)methyl]furan-2-carboxamide (0.34 g, 77%) as a colorless solid: mp 224-226 °C (diethyl ether/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 7.32 (dd, J = 7.5, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 7.22-7.14 (m, 2H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.5 Hz, 1H), 6.96 (m, 1H), 6.62 (m, 1H), 6.51 (s, 1H), 6.06 (s, 1H), 5.06 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.97 (d, J = 16.4 Hz, 1H), 4.76 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.22-4.14 (m, 2H), 4.14-4.06 (m, 2H), 3.05 (br s, 3H), 2.94 (br s, 3H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 176.4, 158.9, 154.6, 150.8, 147.2, 144.2, 141.8, 137.8, 131.6, 128.8, 123.6, 123.3, 121.2, 116.5, 111.0, 109.9, 109.4, 98.8, 79.3, 64.2, 63.6, 57.2, 37.7, 36.7, 35.8; MS (ES+) m/z 446.9 (M + 1). 513 EXAMPLE 11.34

Synthesis of 1'-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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5 A suspension of 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)propyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4- b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.70 g, 6.31 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (1.00 g, 0.94 mmol) in methanol (50 mL) was hydrogenated for 20 h. The reaction mixture was filtered through a pad of celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography with ethyl acetate in 10 hexanes (20% to 50% gradient) to afford 1'-(3-hydroxypropyl)-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (2.07 g, 97%): mp 54-56 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) δ 7.33-7.28 (m, 1H), 7.197.17 (m, 1H), 7.09-7.04 (m, 1H), 6.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.77 (ABq, 2H), 4.53 (t, J = 6.0 Hz, 2H), 4.02-3.84 (m, 2H), 3.63-3.54 (m, 2H), 3.07 15 2.90 (m, 3H), 1.94-1.83 (m, 2H); MS (ES+) m/z 338.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.35

Synthesis of 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbonitrile

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20 To a stirred solution of 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.20 g, 0.45 mmol), potassium hexacyanoferrate(II) trihydrate (0.04 g, 0.1 mmol) in N,N-dimethylacetamide (5 mL) was added palladium(II) acetate (0.01 g, 0.04 mmol) followed with the addition of sodium carbonate (0.10 g, 0.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 130 °C for 18 h. 25 The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in 514 vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 1/2) to afford 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6- tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbonitrile (0.03 g, 16%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.41-7.25 (m, 3H), 6.46-6.38 (m, 2H), 4.98-4.88 (m, 2H), 5 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.28-4.15 (m, 1H), 4.03-3.62 (m, 4H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.14-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.97-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.74-1.59 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 389.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.36

Synthesis of 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6- tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbaldehyde

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To a stirred solution of 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.80 g, 1.8 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran was added tert-butyllithium (2.7 mL 1.7 M in pentane, 4.5 mmol) at -78 °C. The mixture was stirred at -78 °C for 45 min, followed by the 15 addition of N,N-dimethylformamide (1.4 mL, 18.1 mmol). The mixture was kept at -78 °C for 30 min before quenched with saturated ammonium chloride solution. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexanes, 20 1/2) to afford 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6- tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbaldehyde (0.19 g, 26%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.94 (s, 1H), 7.56 (dd, J = 7.8, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.45 (dd, J = 7.8, 7.8 Hz, 1H), 7.39-7.33 (m, 1H), 6.42 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.98 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.86 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 25 4.05-3.66 (m, 4H), 3.04-2.85 (m, 2H), 2.14-2.00 (m, 1H), 1.97-1.83 (m, 2H), 1.77-1.63 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 392.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.37

Synthesis of 4'-[(dimethylamino)methyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 515 H3c

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\

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To a stirred solution of 2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2',5,6-tetrahydrospiro[benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']difuran-3,3'-indole]-4'-carbaldehyde (0.10 g, 0.26 mmol) and dimethylamine (0.19 mL, 0.38 mmol) in dichloroethane was added sodium 5 triacetoxyborohydride (0.10 g, 0.46 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 18 h, and quenched with water. The mixture was extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 20 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (methanol/ethyl acetate, 5/100) to afford 4' 10 [(dimethylamino)methyl]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.05 g, 46%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.20 (m, 1H), 7.07 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (t, J = 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.39 (m, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 5.07 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.88 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.21 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.62 (m, 15 4H), 3.33 (dd, J = 13.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.03-2.88 (m, 2H), 2.80 (d, J = 13.2 Hz, 1H), 2.09 1.63 (m, 10H); MS (ES+) m/z 421.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.38

Synthesis of 4'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.37 and making noncritical variations using pyrrolidine to replace dimethylamine, 4'-(pyrrolidin-1-ylmethyl)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained (75%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29-7.20 (m, 1H), 20 516 7.09 (d, J = 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.98 (dd, J = 7.0, 7.0 Hz, 1H), 6.45-6.39 (m, 1H), 6.36 (s, 1H), 5.10 (dd, J = 8.8, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.87 (d, J = 8.8 Hz, 1H), 4.51 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H), 4.324.20 (m, 1H), 3.98-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.58 (dd, J = 13.2, 3.3 Hz, 1H), 3.03-2.89 (m, 3H), 2.40-1.59 (m, 12H); MS (ES+) m/z 447.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.39

Synthesis of 4'-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

To a stirred solution of 4'-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6- 10 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.20 g, 0.45 mmol), benzophenone imine (0.11 mL, 0.68 mmol) and rac-2,2'-bis(diphenylphosphine)-1,1'-binaphthyl (0.10 g, 0.16 mmol) in toluene (5 mL) was added tris(dibenzylideneacetone) dipalladium(0) (0.05 g, 0.05 mmol) followed by the addition of sodium tert-butoxide (0.09 g, 0.9 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 90 °C for 18 h, filtered through a pad of 15 celite. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the obtained residue was dissolved in tetrahydrofuran (15 mL). Hydrochloride solution (2 mL of 2 M solution) was added to the above mixture. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h. The mixture was neutralized with sodium bicarbonate solution, and extracted with ethyl acetate (3 x 30 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over anhydrous sodium 20 sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate, 1/2) to afford 4'-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.07 g, 46%) as a colorless solid: mp 190-192 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.06 (dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 6.60 (d, J = 10.6 Hz, 1H), 6.48 (dd, J = 25 7.8, 3.0 Hz, 1H), 6.38 (s, 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 4.80 (s, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 2H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 1H), 3.94-3.62 (m, 4H), 3.59 (s, 2H), 2.99 (t, J = 8.8 Hz, 2H), 2.081.80 (m, 3H), 1.78-1.64 (m, 1H); MS (ES+) m/z 378.8 (M + 1). 517 EXAMPLE 11.40 AND EXAMPLE 11.41

Synthesis of 1'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one and 1'-[(4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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CH3 1'-[(4-Benzylmorpholin-2- yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.19 g, 0.41 mmol) was suspended in methanol (20 mL) and ethyl acetate (20 mL) in a steel bomb, then 20% palladium hydroxide on carbon (0.03 g, 0.04 mmol) was added. Hydrogenation was done at 120 psi in the steel bomb for 16 h. The reaction mixture 10 was filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by column chromatography (ethyl acetate/methanol/ammonia, 10:1:0.1) to afford 1'-[(4-methylmorpholin-2-yl)methyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.015 g, 10 %) as a colorless foam as the first fraction: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.17-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.48 (s, 15 0.5H), 6.44 (s, 0.5H), 6.39 (s, 1H), 4.94-4.88 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.00-3.55 (m, 5H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.76 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.60 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 2.26 (s, 3H), 2.18-1.88 (m, 2H); 13 C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 178.1, 178.0, 161.8, 161.7, 161.2, 161.18, 142.7, 142.67, 132.7, 132.6, 128.7, 128.6), 123.7, 123.6, 123.3, 123.2, 120.4, 120.3, 119.8, 119.7, 118.9, 118.8, 109.6, 109.4, 20 93.2, 93.16, 80.5, 80.4, 73.7, 73.6, 72.3, 66.8, 66.6, 58.3 58.0, 57.6, 54.7, 54.6, 46.4, 46.3, 43.2, 43.17, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 393.0 (M +1), and 1'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.04 g, 26%) as a colorless foam as the second fraction: MS (ES+) m/z 379.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.42 25 Synthesis of 1'-{[4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one 518

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H3c

To a solution of acetone (0.04 mL, 0.53 mmol) in dichloroethane (5 mL) was added 1'-(morpholin-2-ylmethyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-d:5,4-d']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.04 g, 0.11 mmol) and sodium triacetoxyhydroborate (0.11 g, 0.53 mmol), 5 then the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated to dryness, and the residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate/methanol/ammonium hydroxide (15/1/0.1) to afford 1'-{[4-(1-methylethyl)morpholin-2-yl]methyl}-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.02 g, 54%) as a colorless foam; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.38 10 7.25 (m, 1H), 7.18-7.04 (m, 3H), 6.50 (s, 0.5H), 6.44 (s, 0.5H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.92 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.00-3.55 (m, 5H), 2.97 (t, J = 8.7 Hz, 2H), 2.85-2.55 (m, 3H), 2.37-2.03 (m, 2H), 1.05-0.98 (m, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 421.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.43 15 Synthesis of 1'-methyl-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one CH3

To a stirred solution of of 5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.06 g, 0.20 mmol) in anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (10 mL) was 20 added sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil, 0.20 g, 0.50 mmol) at ambient temperature. The mixture was stirred for 15 min, and iodomethane (0.14 g, 1.0 mmol) was added in one portion. The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 1 h, and then concentrated to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (0% to 30% gradient) to afford 1'-methyl-5,6- 25 dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.06 g, 88%): mp 187 190 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 519 1H), 7.06 (t, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.91 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.49 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H), 3.28 (s, 3H), 2.98 (t, J = 8.5 Hz, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.7, 161.6, 161.1, 142.9, 132.7, 128.6, 123.6, 123.2, 120.0, 119.7, 118.8, 108.1, 93.0, 80.4, 72.2, 57.6, 28.9, 26.6; MS (ES+) m/z 294.1 (M + 1). 5 EXAMPLE 11.44

Synthesis of 1'-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-

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azide (0.21 g, 3.17 mmol), and triethylamine hydrochloride (0.45 g, 3.17 mmol) in toluene (20 mL). The reaction mixture was refluxed under argon for 24 h. After cooling to ambient temperature, the product was extracted with water. 36% hydrochloric acid was added dropwise to the aqueous layer. The solid was filtrated 15 and dried under reduced pressure to afford 1'-[4-(1H-tetrazol-5-yl)benzyl]-5,6- dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.38 g, 58%); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 8.02 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.55 (d, J = 8.0 Hz, 2H), 7.22 (t, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.16 (d, J = 7.6 Hz, 1H), 7.05-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.47 (s, 1H), 6.40 (s, 1H), 5.01 (ABq, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.53-4.38 (m, 2H), 3.03-2.82 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, 20 CD3OD) δ 177.6, 161.6, 161.2, 142.5, 140.1, 132.6, 129.1, 128.6, 127.9, 124.2, 123.6, 120.8, 120.4, 119.4, 109.8, 92.9, 80.3, 72.5, 57.4, 43.3, 28.8; MS (ES+) m/z 437.9 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.45

Synthesis of 1'-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'- 25 indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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520 A mixture of 1'-[3-(benzyloxy)benzyl]-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.30 g, 2.7 mmol) and 10% wt. palladium on carbon (0.25 g) in dry methanol (14 mL) was hydrogenated at ambient temperature under a balloon pressure for 16 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite and 5 concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (hexanes/ethyl acetate from 2:1 to 1:1) to afford 1'-(3-hydroxybenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.97 g, 93%) as a colorless solid: mp 225-227 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 9.48 (s, 1H), 7.30-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.20-7.11 (m, 2H), 7.06-6.94 (m, 2H), 6.81-6.76 (m, 1H), 6.72-6.69 (m, 1H), 10 6.68-6.63 (m, 1H), 6.46 (s, 1H), 6.43 (s, 1H), 4.85 (ABq, 2H), 4.79 (ABq, 2H), 4.55-4.46 (m, 2H), 3.02-2.92 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) δ 177.0, 161.1, 160.6, 157.6, 142.2, 137.6, 132.0, 129.7, 128.6, 123.6, 123.0, 120.4, 119.9, 118.9, 117.7, 114.4, 113.6, 109.4, 92.5, 79.8, 72.1, 56.9, 42.9, 28.3; MS (ES+) m/z 386.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.46 15 Synthesis of 1'-(4-morpholin-4-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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A suspension of 1'-(4-bromobenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.45 g, 1.0 mmol), morpholine (0.26 g, 3.0 mmol), 20 dicyclohexyloxalylhydrazide (0.14 g, 0.5 mmol), tetrabutylammonium bromide (0.34 g, 1 mmol), copper (II) oxide (0.05 g, 0.6 mmol) and cesium carbonate (0.65 g, 2.0 mmol) was heated in microwave reactor at 130 °C for 10 min. The reaction mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure, and the residue was subjected to column chromatography with dichloromethane-methanol (100:1 - 10:1) to afford 1'-(4- 25 morpholin-4-ylbenzyl)-5,6-dihydrospiro[benzo[1,2-b:5,4-b']difuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- one as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCb) Οδ 7.35-6.74 (m, 8H), (0.09 g, 19%), 6.45 (s, 1H), 6.41 (s, 1H), 4.87 (ABq, 2H), 4.81 (ABq, 2H), 4.52 (t, J = 8.7, 8.7 Hz, 2H), 4.01-3.74 (m, 4H), 3.25-3.07 (m, 4H), 3.05-2.90 (m, 2H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, 521 CDCb) 2δ 177.8, 161.8, 161.3, 142.1, 132.8, 128.6 (2C), 123.8, 123.3, 120.2, 119.9, 118.9, 116.0, 109.3, 93.2, 80.6, 72.3, 66.6, 57.7, 49.4, 43.6, 29.0; MS (ES+) m/z 454.87 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.47

Synthesis of 6-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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NH2

To a stirred solution of 6-bromo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.65 g, 4.1 mmol), benzophenone imine (0.90 g, 10 4.92 mmol), tris(dibenzylideneacetone)dipalladium(0) (0.46 g, 0.51 mmol), 2,2'- bis(diphenylphosphino)-1,1'-binaphthyl (0.96 g, 1.6 mmol) in toluene (50.0 mL) was added sodium tert-butoxide (0.55 g, 5.8 mmol). The solution was heatd at reflux for 2 h, cooled to ambient temperature, diluted with ethyl acetate (75 mL), filtered through celite and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 15 tetrahydrofuran (150 mL) and 3 M hydrochloric acid (15 mL). The solution was diluted in ethyl acetate (250 mL), and adjusted to basic with 5 M NaOH. The aqueous phase was further extracted with ethyl acetate (2 x 100 mL). The combined organic solution was dried over magnesium sulfate, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (15% to 20 50% gradient) to afford 6-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.84 g, 61%) as a colorless solid: mp 71-74 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3, mixture of diastereomers) δ 7.29-7.22 (m, 1H), 7.14-6.95 (m, 3H), 6.46 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.26 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.10 (dd, J = 8.1, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 4.75 (ABq, 2H), 4.31-4.19 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.61 (m, 6H), 2.08-1.80 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.61 (m, 25 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3, mixture of diastereomers) δ 178.3 (2), 162.1, 148.4, 142.9 (2), 132.7 (2), 128.6 (2), 123.7, 123.6 (2), 123.2 (2), 118.8 (2), 109.4 (2), 108.4, 97.2, 80.3 (2), 68.2 (2), 57.6 (2), 44.5 (2), 29.1 (2), 25.6 (2); MS (ES+) m/z 337.0 (M + 1). 522 EXAMPLE 11.48

Synthesis of N-{2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}methanesulfonamide

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To a stirred solution of 6-amino-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1- benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.20 g, 0.6 mmol), triethylamine (0.09 g, 0.9 mmol) in dichloromethane was added methanesulfonyl chloride (0.07 g, 0.6 mmol). The solution was stirred at 0 °C for 4 h, then concentrated in vacuo to dryness. The residue was purified by flash chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (50% to 10 75% gradient) to afford N-{2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'- dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}methanesulfonamide (0.15 g, 61%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 7.75 (d, J = 5.5 Hz, 1H), 7.28 (dd, J = 7.4, 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.13-6.97 (m, 3H), 6.75 (dd, J = 8.3, 1.4 Hz, 1H), 6.596.42 (m, 2H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.66 (d, J = 9.2 Hz, 1H), 4.38-4.20 (m, 1H), 15 3.99-3.64 (m, 4H), 2.92 (s, 3H), 2.16-1.77 (m, 3H), 1.77-1.61 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CDCl3) (diastereomers) δ 178.2 (2), 161.7 (2), 142.8 (2), 138.9, 131.9 (2), 129.0 (2), 125.0 (2), 124.0 (2), 123.7 (2), 113.1 (2), 109.8 (2), 102.5 (2), 80.3 (2), 68.2 (2), 57.7 (2), 44.7 (2), 39.2, 25.6 (2); MS (ES+) m/z 415.0 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.49 20 Synthesis of 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

OH A suspension of 6-(benzyloxy)-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (7.80 g, 18.86 mmol) and 10% palladium on carbon (2.00 g, 1.88 mmol) in methanol (150 mL) was hydrogenated for 54 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad 25 of celite, the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo, and the residue was crystallized from diethyl ether to give 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)- 523 one (5.20 g, 85%) as a colorless solid: mp 101-103 °C (diethyl ether); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.27 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.14(m, 1H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.92-6.89 (m, 1H), 6.40-6.38 (m, 1H), 6.20-6.12 (m, 2H), 4.77 (AB, 2H), 3.86-3.70 (m, 2H), 1.64-1.59 (m, 3H), 0.99 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 324.3 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.50

Synthesis of 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(trifluoroacetyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

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10 15 20

To a stirred solution of 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.00 g, 3.10 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (30 mL) was added isopropylmagnesium chloride (1.6 mL, 2.0M tetrahydronfuran solution, 3.20 mmol) at 0 °C. The mixture was allowed to stir at 0 °C for 1 h, then trifluoroacetic anhydride (0.8 mL, 5.75 mmol) was added. The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 52 h, quenched with saturated sodium bicarbonate solution and stirred for 30 min. The resulting solution was extracted with ethyl acetate. The organic layer was washed with water and brine, dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography with ethyl acetate in hexanes (gradient: 10% to 30%) to give 6-hydroxy-1'-(3-methylbutyl)-5-(trifluoroacetyl)spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.12 g, 9%): mp 87-88 °C (ethyl acetate/hexanes); 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δα 11.78 (s, 1H), 7.38-7.32 (m, 1H), 7.14-7.03 (m, 3H), 7.07-7.02 (m, 1H), 6.94-6.89 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 6.58 (s, 1H), 4.90 (ABq, 2H), 3.95-3.86 (m, 1H), 3.71-3.62 (m, 1H), 1.66-1.59 (m, 3H), 0.98 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 420.1 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.51 25 Synthesis of tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'- dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate 524

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To a stirred solution of 6-bromo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.80 g, 1.73 mmol), (R)-1-Boc-3-aminopyrrolidine (0.48 g, 2.59 mmol) and (2-biphenyl)di-tert-butylphosphine (0.08 g, 0.28 mmol) in 5 toluene (15 mL) was added palladium(II) acetate (0.09 g, 0.14 mmol) followed by the addition of sodium tert-butoxide (0.42 g, 4.3 mmol). The mixture was stirred at 100 °C for 18 h. The mixture was filtered through a pad of celite, and the filtrate was concentrated in vacuo. The residue was subjected to column chromatography (ethyl acetate/hexane;1/2) to afford tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- 10 yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)amino]pyrrolidine-1- carboxylate (0.47 g, 48%): 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.32-7.24 (m, 1H), 7.17 (d, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 7.05 (dd, J = 7.4 Hz, 1H), 6.95 (d, J = 7.8 Hz, 1H), 6.76-6.69 (m, 1H), 6.45 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 6.36 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.19 (d, J = 2.0 Hz, 1H), 6.02 (dd, J = 8.2, 2.0 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J = 16.2 Hz, 1H), 4.95-4.81 (m, 2H), 4.65 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 15 4.00-3.90 (m, 1H), 3.88-3.76 (m, 1H), 3.73-3.57 (m, 1H), 3.52-3.34 (m, 2H), 3.30-3.11 (m, 1H), 2.23-2.06 (m, 1H), 1.96-1.77 (m, 1H), 1.45 (s, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 570.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.52

Synthesis of 6-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2- 20 yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002561.tif" id="idf0561" />

To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (3R)-3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl)amino]pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.22 g, 0.47 mmol) in methanol (10 mL) was added 4 M hydrogen chloride 525 in dioxane (2 mL, 8.0 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. Solvent and excess hydrogen chloride were removed under vacuum. The residue was treated with methanol and diethyl ether to form a solid. 6-[(3R)-Pyrrolidin-3-ylamino]-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one was obtained through filtration (0.12 g, 47%) as a colorless solid: mp 122-125 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.40 (dd, J = 7.9, 7.9 Hz, 1H), 7.26-7.13 (m, 3H), 7.05-6.99 (m, 1H), 6.68 (d, J = 3.2 Hz, 1H), 6.58-6.47 (m, 2H), 6.34 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H), 5.24 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 5.05 (d, J = 16.7 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.78 (d, J = 9.1 Hz, 1H), 4.31-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.67-3.42 (m, 4H), 2.53-2.35 (m, 1H), 2.27-2.11 (m, 1H); 13C NMR (75 MHz, CD3OD) δ 178.1, 162.3 (m), 152.8, 141.5, 132.2, 128.7, 123.7, 123.6, 123.4, 120.8, 117.3, 112.8 (m), 109.5, 109.1, 79.8, 57.7, 54.2 (m), 49.4, 44.3, 36.3, 29.5; MS (ES+) m/z 470.2 (M + 1). EXAMPLE 11.53

Synthesis of 6-hydroxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one

OH

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To a solution of 1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-6-{[tris(1-methylethyl)silyl]oxy}spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.69 g, 3.43 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (15 mL) under nitrogen was added tetrabutylammonium fluoride (1 M solution in tetrahydrofuran, 10 mL, 10 mmol), and the mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h. The reaction mixture was concentrated, and the residue was re-dissolved in ethyl acetate (25 mL), washed with water (2 χ 20 mL) and brine (20 mL), dried over sodium sulfate, filtered, and concentrated. The residue was purified by column chromatography with 40% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 6-hydroxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (1.00 g, 86%) as a colorless solid: mp 72-74 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.29 (ddd, J = 7.5, 7.5, 1.2 Hz, 1H), 7.18-7.01 (m, 3H), 6.80-6.67 (br., 1H), 6.44 (d, J = 8.4Hz, 1H), 6.24 (d, J = 2.1Hz, 1H), 6.17-6.09 (m, 1H), 4.96-4.90 (m, 1H), 4.69-4.63 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.71 (m, 4H), 2.12-1.61 (m, 4H); MS (ES+) m/z 338.1 (M + 1). 526 EXAMPLE 11.54

Synthesis of 6-(1-methylethoxy)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-

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5 To a stirred solution of triphenylphosphine (0.23 g, 0.89 mmol) in anhydrous tetrahydronfuran (200 mL) at 0 oC under nitrogen were added diethyl azodicarboxylate (0.14 mL, 0.89 mmol), isopropanol (0.23 mL, 2.97 mmol) and 6-hydroxy-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.20 g, 0.59 mmol). The reaction mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 16 h, and then the 10 reaction was quenched with ammonium chloride solution. The solvent was removed, and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate (100 mL), which was washed with water, brine, dried over sodium sulfate and filtered. The filtrate was concentrated to dryness, and the residue was purified by flash chromatograph with 25% ethyl acetate in hexanes to afford 6-(1-methylethoxy)-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1- 15 benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one (0.19 g, 85%) as colorless liquid; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.25 (m, 1H), 7.16-6.99 (m, 3H), 6.58 (d, J = 8.4 Hz, 1H), 6.50 (d, J = 1.8 Hz, 1H), 6.33 (dd, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.93 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.68 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.53-4.43 (m, 1H), 4.33-4.23 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.66 (m, 4H), 2.10-1.66 (m, 4H), 1.31 (d, J = 6.0 Hz, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 380.0 (M + 1), 402.0 (M + 23). 20 EXAMPLE 11.55

Synthesis of tert-butyl (3S)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'- dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

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25 critical variations using (R)-tert-butyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate to replace isopropanol, tert-butyl (3S)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was obtained 527 (75%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.33-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.17-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.64-6.57 (m, 1H), 6.50-6.45 (m, 1H), 6.35-6.28 (m, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.40 (m, 8H), 2.22-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.47 (s, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 529.1 (M + 23). 5 EXAMPLE 11.56

Synthesis of 6-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-

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To a stirred solution of tert-butyl (3S)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2- 10 ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (0.33 g, 0.65 mmol) in dichloromethane (5 mL) was added 4 M hydrogen chloride in dioxane (4 mL, 16 mmol). The mixture was stirred at ambient temperature for 3 h, then anhydrous diethyl ether (20 mL) was added. The white solid was precipitated out, filtered, washed with diethyl ether and dried to afford 6-[(3S)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'- 15 [(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride (0.24 g, 82%) as a colorless solid: mp 119-121 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.38-7.03 (m, 4H), 6.68-6.59 (m, 2H), 6.48-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.92-4.85 (m, 1H), 4.73 (d, J = 9.3 Hz, 1H), 4.37-4.24 (m, 1H), 4.00-3.38 (m, 8H), 2.361.66 (m, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 407.1 (M + 1). 20 25 EXAMPLE 11.57

Synthesis of tert-butyl (3R)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate

<img img-format="tif" img-content="drawing" file="IL212400AD0002566.tif" id="idf0566" />

-Y" NBoc m_I

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.54 and making noncritical variations using (S)-tert-butyl 3-hydroxypyrrolidine-1-carboxylate to replace isopropanol, tert-butyl (3R)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'- 528 dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate was obtained (80%) as a colorless solid: 1H NMR (300 MHz, CDCl3) δ 7.34-7.26 (m, 1H), 7.16-7.00 (m, 3H), 6.60 (d, J = 8.1 Hz, 1H), 6.47 (d, J = 2.1 Hz, 1H), 6.32 (d, J = 8.4, 2.1 Hz, 1H), 4.94 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.85-4.78 (m, 1H), 4.69 (d, J = 9.0 Hz, 1H), 4.33-4.22 (m, 1H), 5 4.00-3.39 (m, 8H), 2.23-1.65 (m, 6H), 1.47 (s, 9H); MS (ES+) m/z 529.1 (M + 23). EXAMPLE 11.58

Synthesis of 6-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride

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«P'N

L/NH HCl 10 15

Following the procedure as described in EXAMPLE 11.56 and making noncritical variations using tert-butyl (3R)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate to replace tert-butyl (3S)-3-({2'-oxo-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]-1',2'-dihydrospiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-6-yl}oxy)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate, 6-[(3R)-pyrrolidin-3-yloxy]-1'-[(2R)-tetrahydrofuran-2-ylmethyl]spiro[1-benzofuran-3,3'-indol]-2'(1'H)-one hydrochloride was obtained (87%) as a colorless solid: mp 120-130 °C; 1H NMR (300 MHz, CD3OD) δ 7.38-7.04 (m, 4H), 6.68-6.59 (m, 2H), 6.48-6.41 (m, 1H), 5.20-5.14 (m, 1H), 4.92-4.85 (m, 1H), 4.73-4.70 (m, 1H), 4.36-4.24 (m, 1H), 3.99-3.38 (m, 8H), 2.361.66 (m, 6H); MS (ES+) m/z 407.1 (M + 1). 20 EXAMPLE 11.59

Synthesis of tert-butyl 3-[(2'-oxo-1'-{[5-(trifluoromethyl)furan-2-yl]methyl}-1',2'-

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