Untitled record

Composition of litter containing silica gel and processes for its preparation

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates generally to litter compositions and processes for their preparation, more particularly to new litter compositions and methods for their preparation comprising silica gel and a wicking agent. A characteristic feature of new blends is that they absorb moisture and undesirable odors.

Although many absorbent materials are available as litter, e.g. such as recycled newsprint, paper sludge, corn cob granules, rice husks, peanuts, sunflower seeds, alfalfa, cedar, sawdust and other plant organic matter, but most often clay is used to fill litter trays. Typical clay types are calcium and sodium montmorillonites (including sodium bentonite), attapulgites, kaolins, and opal clay mixtures. All of them are capable of absorbing animal urine, blocking faeces and reducing odors.

There are two types of clay as litter. Gel-forming clays, e.g. Sodium15 bentonite is lumped in contact with animal urine and can be removed from the tray to prevent odor accumulation. These materials, called adherent litters, are so popular that they now account for more than half of all litter sold. Litters made from non-gelling clays, sometimes referred to as non-adherent litters, bind urine, but only solid excrement can be removed. The entire amount of non-adherent litter should be replaced if the odor becomes too strong so it can be used for a relatively short period of time. This is also true for other non-clay litter.

A common disadvantage of clays and most other materials used in litter making is that they do not reduce the odor of urine and faeces efficiently enough. Odors from animal urine and faeces include e.g. ammonia and many organic sulfur compounds. These odorous gases, typically produced in connection with animal excreta, are not absorbed by clay-based litter, but are bound to their surface and, when evaporated, cause an unpleasant odor.

There have already been two attempts to reduce the odor of litter30. In one of these fragrances were used to suppress odors. U.S. Pat. No. 4,020,156 (Murray et al.) Discloses fragrance-emitting crystal beads for reducing the odor of companion apples. United States Patent 4085704 (Frazier)

- 2 odor masking agents, eg. published a vehicle impregnated with perfume, flavor, fragrance or essential oil to be mixed with absorbent litter. U.S. Pat. possible application. In this context, while many materials, including clay-based litter, are capable of some degree of odor reduction by the odor trapping, their preliminary impregnation with the odor masking agent will most likely preclude their substantial involvement in the binding of odors from animal urine and faeces. Although the use of odor masking agents may be beneficial, their effectiveness is inhibited by the fact that they are intended to cover the odors rather than remove them.

Other researchers have used germicidal agents to inhibit microorganisms involved in odor formation. For example, U.S. Patent No. 4607594 discloses the use of a quaternary amine germicidal substance as a litter. In U.S. Patent No. 4,930,443, Lowe et al. A litter containing polyvinylpyrrolidone-iodine complex dissolved in water and injected into litter has been described. In addition, many chemicals that react with odorants have been reported. In U.S. Patent No. 4607594, Thacker buffer materials, e.g. described litter containing carbonate, bicarbonate or hydrogen phosphate. In U.S. Patent No. 5,555,205, Michael is an oxidizing additive, e.g. he described the use of sodium perborate in his dream. Reddy et al. the addition of clay-based litter with urease negative bacteria to reduce the production of urease-producing bacteria, ammonia and other foul-smelling gases (U.S. Patent Nos. 5507250 and 5634431). However, none of the above methods were effective in preventing the release of unpleasant odors from litter containing animal excreta.

Alternatively, litter can also be made from odor-absorbing materials. For example, in U.S. Patent No. 6,106,738, Woo et al. spraying cat litter with cyclodextrin solution. Zeolites are also used as cat litter to trap uncomfortable gases. Cat litter containing 100% zeolite is currently commercially available in the United States. Alternatively, zeolites may be mixed with clay-based litter to reduce odor. so e.g. U.S. Patent No. 4,437,429 to Goldstein et al. zeolite supplementation of dormant clay to reduce odor from litter has been reported. However, zeolites are significantly more expensive than clay, so litter made from them is more expensive than clay-based litter.

Many different substances are used to remove odors caused by organic molecules in air filtration equipment. Such a solid absorbent for deodorizing air is also silica gel (see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,795,482, 4604110, 4534775, and 4517308). In this context, silica gel has also been mentioned as part of the air filter component of a litter box. In U.S. Patent No. 5,444,325, Miksitz discloses a litter box consisting of a litter tray, a lid, and a suction fan with a deodorizing air connected to the air out of the box.

A recent patent discloses the use of silica gel as a filler in a litter box (U.S. Patent No. 5,970,915). The macroporous silica gel used was reported to be effective in removing odors and absorbing urine moisture. The use of silica gel as a bedding material is significantly hindered by the fact that it is significantly more expensive than clay-based bedding fillers. Although 100% silica gel bedding has already been used to absorb unpleasant odors, there has been no example of combining it with clay-based bedding as it has not been assumed to have an effective odor-binding effect when mixed with clay. Thus, there remains a significant need for new litter formulations which, in addition to sequestering liquid animal excreta, effectively reduce the amount of unpleasant odor gases littered.

It has been demonstrated that combining silica gel with an absorbent material, preferably clay, can form a litter composition. This silica-containing litter composition surprisingly effectively prevents odor formation.

Accordingly, in one embodiment, the invention relates to a litter composition comprising a mixture of an absorbent material and a silica gel. The silica gel is present in the composition in an amount effective to reduce odor. Odor reduction means the removal of detectable odors from litter as a result of the animal's use of litter. The silica gel is preferably type C silica gel. Preferably the silica gel in the composition is about 5% to about 50% (w / w)

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- It is present in 4 quantities. By "percentage by weight" in the composition of a mixture, it is understood that by determining the amount of one component of the composition, its weight is divided by the weight of the total mixture and multiplied by 100. The term "approximately," refers to a range of ± 10% of the indicated value, e.g. the app. The term 5% includes values ​​between 4.5% and 5.5%.

Preferably, the silica gel consists of particles. Preferably, the silica pellets have an average pore diameter of approx. 8 nm and approx. 10 nm.

The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay. The clay in the mixture according to the invention is preferably smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter silica gel and clay consist of particles of similar average size and shape, so that they are not separated during production and transport, i.e., the denser clay particles do not settle at the bottom of the composition and / or the lower density silica gel particles do not concentrate at the top. Accordingly, the average size and shape of the clay particles is preferably similar to the average size and shape of the silica gel to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm and preferably contains at least 90% (w / w) of silica gel. 1 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise an odor masking agent, preferably a perfume, a perfume, or an essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a granular mixture comprising clay and silica gel. The silica gel is not impregnated with an odor masking agent, which results in the composition having an odor-reducing function. The silica gel is preferably a C-type silica gel and the composition is preferably ca. 5% and approx. Contains 50% (w / w) silica gel. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. It consists of particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

• ·

The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter composition consists of both silica gel and clay. The average size and shape of the clay particles is advantageously similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm and preferably contains at least 90% (w / w) of silica gel. 1 mm and approx. 5 It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 1 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise an odor masking agent, preferably a perfume, a perfume, or an essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a litter composition comprising an absorbent material and a silica gel. The silica gel is present in the composition in an amount sufficient to achieve odor reduction. Sufficient silica gel to achieve an odor-reducing effect means that the use of silica gel in a mixture is based on providing an odor-reducing effect. It is based, in whole or in part, on the determination of the odor-reducing effect of silica gel in the composition.

The silica gel is preferably type C silica gel and the composition is preferably ca. 5% and approx. Contains 50% (w / w) silica gel. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. It consists of particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter composition consists of both silica gel and clay. The average size and shape of the clay particles is advantageously similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. 3.4 mm diameter clay grains 6 -

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the silica gel is preferably at least 90% (w / w) of ca. 1 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise an odor masking agent, preferably a perfume, a perfume, or an essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function. Alternatively, the total amount of silica gel in the composition may be partially soaked with the odor masking agent, but in this case, the silica gel not only acts as a carrier for the odor masking agent, but also has an odor-reducing effect. In all aspects of this embodiment, the selection of silica gel is based on its odor-reducing effect, whether or not it performs an ancillary function with an odor masking agent.

In another embodiment, the invention provides a kit. The kit contains instructions for using silica gel as well as instructions for adding the appropriate amount of silica gel to the litter composition. The components of the kit are packaged in a container. The instruction manual may be an instruction booklet, brochure or product leaflet, text printed on the packaging of the container, or any printed instructions accompanying the silica gel component of the kit. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. Type C silica gel containing particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm. The instructions for use require the addition of silica gel to the litter composition. The required amount of silica gel to be added to the composition may range from about 5% to about 50% (w / w). Preferably, the instructions for use provide for the addition of the silica gel to the litter composition. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the kit comprises silica gel, an absorbent material, and instructions for use for mixing the silica gel and the absorbent. The clay may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay, or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. Preferably, the instructions for use contain approx. 50% and approx. It requires mixing with 95% (w / w) clay. In some embodiments of the invention, both clay and silica gel consist of particles of similar average size and shape. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 3.4 mm and approx. It consists of 0.6 mm diameter clay particles, and the silica gel is preferably at least 90% (w / w). 5 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 1 mm.

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The kit may also contain an odor masking agent, e.g. perfume, fragrance, or essential oil.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for suppressing the smell of litter. The process involves the addition of silica absorbent material to the litter containing absorbent material. The silica gel is added in an amount suitable for odor reduction. Preferably, the silica gel is a Type C silica gel, the composition preferably comprising from about 5% to about 50% (w / w). The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. 10 It consists of particles with an average pore diameter.

Preferably, the absorbent material is clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay, or mixtures thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. Preferably, the composition is ca. 50% and approx. Contains 95% by weight of clay. It consists of both clay and silica gel particles. The average size and shape of the clay particles is advantageously similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm and preferably contains at least 90% (w / w) of silica gel. 1 mm and approx. 5 It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the process may include the addition of an odor masking agent, preferably perfume, fragrance, or essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a method for suppressing the smell of litter. The method is based on the selection of silica gel having an odor-reducing effect and then adding the silica gel to the litter containing the absorbent material. The basis for the use of silica gel is to provide an odor-suppressing effect which is based wholly or in part on the determination of the odor-reducing effect of silica gel in the composition.

The silica gel is preferably type C silica gel and the composition is preferably ca. 5% and approx. Contains 50% (w / w) silica gel. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. It consists of particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

♦ ··· · · • · • · * · · • · · * ·

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The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter composition consists of both silica gel and clay. Preferably, the average size and shape of the clay particles is sufficiently similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm and preferably contains at least 90% (w / w) of silica gel. 1 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the process may also include the addition of an odor masking agent, preferably perfume, fragrance, or essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function. Alternatively, the total amount of silica gel in the composition may be partially soaked with the odor masking agent, but in this case, the silica gel not only acts as a carrier for the odor masking agent, but also has an odor-reducing effect. In all aspects of this embodiment, the selection of silica gel is based on its odor-reducing effect, whether or not it performs an ancillary function with an odor masking agent.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for the production of an odor-reducing animal litter. The process is based on the combination of an absorbent material and an odor-reducing amount of silica gel. The silica gel is preferably a C-type silica gel and the composition is preferably ca. 5% and approx. Contains 50% (w / w) silica gel. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. It consists of particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter composition consists of both silica gel and clay. Preferably, the average size and shape of the clay particles is sufficiently similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. The average size of the clay particles is preferably within 10% of the · · ··

- 9 average size of silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm, and the silica gel is preferably at least 90% (w / w). 1 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the composition may further comprise an odor masking agent, preferably a perfume, a perfume, or an essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for producing an odor-reducing litter. The method is based on the selection of silica gel having an odor-reducing effect and then adding the silica gel to the litter containing the absorbent material. The basis for the use of silica gel is to provide an odor-suppressing effect which is based wholly or in part on the determination of the odor-reducing effect of silica gel in the composition.

The silica gel is preferably type C silica gel and the composition is preferably ca. 5% and approx. Contains 50% (w / w) silica gel. The silica gel is preferably ca. 8 nm and approx. It consists of particles having an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

The absorbent material of the litter composition is preferably clay, which may include smectite, attapulgite, kaolin, opal clay or a mixture thereof. The smectite is preferably calcium montmorillonite or sodium bentonite. The amount of clay in the litter composition is approx. 50% and approx. 95% (w / w). The litter composition consists of both silica gel and clay. Preferably, the average size and shape of the clay particles is sufficiently similar to the average size and shape of the silica particles to prevent separation of the clay particles and the silica gel particles. Preferably, the average size of the clay particles differs by up to 10% from the average size of the silica gel particles. Preferably, the clay is present in at least 90% (w / w) by weight. 0.6 mm and approx. It consists of clay particles having a diameter of 3.4 mm and preferably contains at least 90% (w / w) of silica gel. 1 mm and approx. It consists of silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the process may also include the addition of an odor masking agent, preferably perfume, fragrance, or essential oil. The carrier for the odor masking agent, e.g. it may also contain silica gel, however, if an odor masking agent is present and the carrier is silica gel, at least a portion of the silica gel in the composition does not contain an odor masking agent and performs an odor reduction function. Alternatively, the total amount of silica gel in the composition may be partially soaked with an odor masking agent, but then not only acts as a carrier for the odor masking agent, but also has an odor-reducing effect. In all aspects of this embodiment, the selection of silica gel is based on its odor-reducing effect, whether or not it performs an ancillary function with an odor masking agent.

The advantages of the present invention are thus: litter composition and granular litter composition having an odor-reducing silica gel component, a longer-term clay-based litter composition due to its odor-reducing silica gel component, a cheaper, odor-reducing lingering agent and water licking agent, combination litter composition, kits for odor-reducing litter composition, and processes for making and using said litter compositions.

The present invention will now be described in detail.

The present invention is based on the recognition that absorbent material, e.g. Silica gel blended to a litter composition containing clay provides an effective odor reduction effect when using the litter composition. The silica gel component of the litter composition can be any silica gel capable of binding organic matter in animal litter. Said organic substances include, inter alia, sulfur-containing organic substances.

Based on their pore size, the silica gels can be classified as Type A, Type B and Type C or wide pore silica gels. For each type of silica gel, the average pore size is approx. 18 and approx. It varies from 120 angstroms (1.8 to 12 nm). The silica gel of the present invention is preferably of type B, type C or wide porous so-called. macroporous silica gel. The pores of the Type A silica gel are narrower, so use is less advantageous. Most preferably, the silica gel of the present invention is ca. 80 and approx. 100 angstroms, ie approx. 8 and approx. Type C silica gel with an average pore diameter of 10 nm.

The silica gel preferably consists of granules in the form of round beads or irregularly shaped granules. Preferably, the average particle diameter of the silica gel particles in the various batches of silica gel used in the present invention is ca. 0.5 to 10 mm, more preferably approx. 1-5 mm. Within a given batch of silica gel, preferably at least 80% of the particles have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm, more preferably at least 90% have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm and most preferably at least 95% have a diameter of 1 to 5 mm.

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- 11 ·. ί; . · · * · »· ····

Preferably, the amount of silica gel in the composition is ca. 1%, more preferably approx. 2.5%, more preferably approx. 5%, more preferably approx. 10%, more preferably approx. 15%, more preferably approx. 20%, more preferably approx. 25%, more preferably approx. 30%, more preferably approx. 40%, more preferably approx. 50%, more preferably approx. 60%, more preferably approx. 70% or more (in each case by weight).

The silica gel component of the blend of the invention provides an odor-reducing composition, i.e., reduces the amount of odor derived from the composition when used as an animal composition. Without excluding any other mechanism of action, the odor-reducing effect of silica gel is probably the result of the bonding of odorants to the surface of the silica gel pores. Such binding may also be associated with the degradation of odors. Regardless of the specific mode of action, the silica gel of the present invention provides the composition with an odor-reducing function, i.e., reducing the amount of odor emitted from the mixture used by the animal.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the silica gel component of the composition is selected based on the odor-reducing effect of the silica gel. This may be based, in whole or in part, on the determination of the odor-reducing function of the silica gel component of the composition. The process may include reducing the odor production of the composition or merely determining that the silica gel component of the composition has an odor-reducing effect.

Any method known to those skilled in the art may be used to test for odor reduction. Any of the "hedonic testing systems" can be used for this purpose, such as the nine-degree organoleptic scale. Preferably, these assays employ a panel of trained individuals who score on a standard scale the organoleptic quality of a particular mixture. e.g. Stone and Sidel, Sensory Evaluation Practices, p. 58-86, p. 227-252, Academic Press, Orlando (1985). The values ​​given by the members of the committee determine whether the composition has an unpleasant odor and it is possible to determine, by comparison with the control mixtures containing no silica gel, whether the silica gel component suppressed the composition odor.

The mixture according to the invention also contains an absorbent material. The absorbent material is used to adsorb liquid components of animal excrement. By comparison, litter formulations that do not contain any absorbent material other than silica gel may become saturated with urine, which may result in the accumulation and odor formation of liquid faeces.

»· Ν

In contrast, the litter composition of the present invention is a mixture of silica gel and absorbent material. Clay or other absorbent material effectively absorbs moisture and prevents the accumulation of liquid faeces.

Many absorbents are known to those skilled in the art. Of these, clay is the most commonly used material and is preferred for the present invention. However, many other absorbents are available for this purpose, including recycled newsprint, paper pulp, corn cob granules, rice flakes, peanuts, sunflower peel, alfalfa, cedar, woody pulp, made litter, etc.

A variety of clay types can be used in the compositions of the invention. For example, smectites (such as calcium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite), attapulgites, kaolins, and mixtures of opal clay.

Smectite clays are hydrated aluminum-magnesium silicates in the form of calcium or sodium salts. The term "montmorillonite" means calcium smectite clays, i.e. calcium montmorillonite clays, the term "bentonite" means sodium smectite clays, i.e. sodium bentonite clays. Both calcium montmorillonite and sodium bentonite clays are often used as companions. Calcium montmorillonite is an acid-activated clay. Acid activation increases the surface area of ​​calcium montmorillonite and enhances its absorbency. Sodium bentonite, also known as Wyoming or western bentonite, has a lower absorbency than calcium montmorillonite. Sodium bentonite, and to a lesser extent calcium montmorillonite, swell upon contact with water to form a gel-like substance. Sodium bentonite clays, when in contact with liquid animal faeces, form heaps that can be easily removed from the litter composition.

Attapulgite clay corresponding to water-containing magnesium aluminum silicate is also often used as companion litter. Kaolin or China Clay and sedimentary opal clay mixtures are also available for this purpose. Kaolin is a water-containing aluminosilicate of the kaolinite mineral group. Opal clay contains silica in a finer form than bentonite and is highly porous and highly absorbent.

Preferably, the amount of clay component of the compositions of the present invention is about 10%. 30%, more preferably approx. 40%, more preferably approx. 50%, more preferably approx. 60%, more preferably approx. 70%, more preferably approx. 75%, more preferably approx. 80%, more preferably approx. 85%, more preferably approx. 90%, more preferably approx. 95% (by weight in each case) or more.

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- 13 In the compositions, both the silica gel and the clay components are present in the form of granules. The calcium montmorillonite clay granule granules used in the compositions of the present invention typically have an average diameter of about 10 microns. 0.2 mm and approx. 10 mm, more preferably approx. 0.5 mm and approx. 5 mm, more preferably approx. 1 mm and approx. Between 2.5 mm; the silica gel particle size also varies within similar limits. Accordingly, in the present invention, both silica gel and clay components are present in the form of similar average size granules to prevent sedimentation of the clay particles and separation from the silica gel particles.

The clay particles are generally of higher density than the silica gel particles. The typical free-density bulk density of silica gel is e.g. 0.32-0.48 g / cm³ (20-30 lbs / cubic foot), while the bulk density of clay used for litter production is 0.781.12 g / cm³ (30-70 lbs / cubic foot). For example, the bulk density of attapulgite clays from Georgia and the Southeast is 0.48-0.61 g / cm³ (30-38 lbs / cubic foot); the bulk density of calcium montmorillonite or calcium smectites is 0.67-0.83 g / cm³ (£ 42-52 per cubic foot); and the bulk density of sodium bentonite is 0.99-1.12 g / cm (62-70 lbs / cubic foot).

Due to the different densities of silica gel and clay granules, the mixtures therein tend to separate during production and handling, i.e., the clay granules settle at the bottom of the composition while the silica gel particles concentrate at the top of the composition.

Said separation can be presumably eliminated by using similarly sized clay and silica gel particles. Accordingly, in order to prevent separation due to the different densities of silica gel and clay, it is preferred that the silica gel and clay components of the litter composition consist of particles of similar average size. In order to prevent separation, the present invention utilizes silica gel and clay ingredients wherein the average particle size of the clay particles is preferably up to 20% or greater than the average silica particle size, more preferably, the average size of the clay particles is less than 15% by weight. bigger, more preferably, the average particle size of the clay particles is up to 10% smaller or larger than the average particle size of the silica gel, and more preferably, the average size of the clay particles is up to 5% or larger than the average particle size of the silica gel.

Similarly sized silica gel and clay particles can also be obtained by selecting overlapping silica gel and clay particles. Preferably, the clay comprises at least 90% (w / w) of clay particles having a diameter that overlaps the size range of 90% (w / w) of the particles in the silica gel. A found- 14 • * * · * · »· 4 •« · 1 ».- · * * · t · *« · «· ♦ ·.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the clay is at least 90% c. 0.6 mm and approx. Contains clay granules with a diameter of 3.4 mm and silica gel with at least 90% ca. 1 mm and approx. It contains silica gel particles with a diameter of 5 mm.

The shape of the granules is also believed to play a role in the fact that granular or irregularly shaped silica gel particles are readily mixed with irregularly shaped particles. It has been observed that spherical silica gel formed into spherical beads does not mix well or is easily separated from the granular shaped clay particles. Even with some granular products, minor differences can be observed, e.g. the flattened clay granulate is more difficult to mix with the larger silica gel particles. Processed clay from California, e.g. the Monterey shale forms a spherical, bulkier granulate and mixes more readily with similarly shaped silica gel particles than the flatter granular clay particles of calcium montmorillonite from Missouri.

In certain embodiments of the invention, the litter composition of the invention may further comprise an odor masking agent. "Odor masking agent" means an odor suppressing agent which does not, however, necessarily reduce the amount of odor released from the litter used. Any fragrance, fragrance or essence oil may be used as a scenting agent, including heliotropin, lemongrass oil, 1,8-cineol, terpineol, listea cubeba oil, citronella oil, cedar oil, ginger oil, eucalyptus orange oil, andrane, benzyl acetate, benzyl benzoate, camphor oil, carvone, cedrol, cedron, cedryl acetate, cedryl methyl ether, cineol, coumarin, diphenylide, ethyl butyrate, jasmine samba concrete, "the linalool, methyl benzoate, musk "ambrette", musk "jinghai", musk ketone, musk maxylene, phenylethyl alcohol, raspberry ketone, roselin, frankincense oil, bomeol, sandenol, vanillin, gaulteria oil or all of these combinations. The odor masking agent may also be any organic substance having a suitable aromatic odor. Such organic substances are e.g. alcohols, aldehydes, esters, ketones, ethers, phenols, lactones, carboxylic acids, nitriles, etc. Typical chemicals found in plant fragrances include 1,4-dimethoxybenzene, 2-phenylnitroethane, 3,5-dimethoxy-toluene, 4-keto-β-ion, 4terpineol, 5-dimethyl-2-ethyl- pyrazine, α-caryophyllin, α-elemental, α-famezene, aterpineol, anisaldehyde, anisacetate, β-damascenone, β-lonone, β-pinene, benzaldehyde, benzyl acetate, benzyl alcohol, C1-5 hydrocarbons, caryophyllin, cis-3hexenyl acetate, cis-3-hexenyl butyrate, cis-jasmon, cis / trans ocime, citronellol, • &lt;w «« »»

- 15 cyclocitral, δ-dodecalactone, dihydro β-ionol, dihydro β-ϊοηοη, ethyl jasmonate, eugenol, geraniol, geranylacetone, heptadecadiene, hexyl acetate, indole, jasminlactone, organic alcohol organic aldehydes, limonene, linalool, linalool oxides, methyl 5-heptene-2-1, methyl anthranilate, methyl benzoate, methyl salicylate, nhexanol, n-pentadecane, nerol geraniol, nerodiol, p-dimethoxy benzene, phenylethyl acetate, t-terpinene, trans β-ocime, pinene, terpineol and combinations thereof.

The odor masking agent is e.g. it may be enclosed in a capsule such as a fragrance powder enclosed in a capsule or may be contained in a carrier system (see, for example, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,085,704, 4,898,727, 4,561,997, 5,240,699, 5,535,886 and 5,336,665). In certain embodiments of the invention, the silica gel may also be used as a carrier. However, in embodiments of the invention in which the silica gel serves as a carrier for the odor masking agent, the composition also comprises at least a small amount of silica gel, which does not contain a fixed odor masking agent, and which is capable of performing the odor reduction function. Alternatively, in other embodiments of the invention, the silica gel is only partially impregnated with an odor masking material, so that the silica gel particles are also capable of absorbing odorants. This can occur when at least a portion of the binding sites of the silica gel particles remain free to bind odor from animal excrement, allowing the silica gel to exert its odor reduction function.

Additional ingredients may be added to the litter composition, e.g. anti-dusting agents, antimicrobial agents, guar gum, etc.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a kit for preparing a litter composition. The kit contains instructions for the use of silica gel as well as instructions for the addition of silica gel to absorbent bedding material, preferably clay-based bedding material. The kit may further comprise silica gel and clay in separate containers, as well as instructions for adding silica gel to absorbent litter. The instruction manual may be a manual, a brochure or product leaflet, text printed on the packaging of the container, or any material, preferably in printed form, intended to indicate the manner of use.

The invention further relates to processes for the preparation and use of the mixtures according to the invention. In one embodiment, the invention relates to a method for suppressing the smell of litter. The process involves the addition of silica gel to a litter containing an absorbent material, preferably clay. The silica gel is added in an amount suitable for odor reduction. The present invention is a

In 16 alternative embodiments, the method of the invention may comprise selecting a silica gel having an odor-reducing effect and then adding the silica gel to a litter containing an absorbent material. The basis for the use of silica gel is to provide an odor-suppressing effect which is based wholly or in part on the determination of the odor-reducing effect of silica gel in the composition.

In another embodiment, the invention relates to a process for producing an odor-reducing litter. The process involves mixing an absorbent material and an amount of silica gel with an odor-reducing effect. In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the process of the invention may comprise selecting a silica gel having an odor-reducing effect and then adding the silica gel to a litter containing an absorbent material. The basis for the use of silica gel is to provide an odor-suppressing effect which is based wholly or in part on the determination of the odor-reducing effect of silica gel in the composition.

The scope of the industrial application of the invention is outlined below.

The novel mixtures and processes of the present invention are based on the discovery that a combination of silica gel with an absorbent material, preferably clay, can be used to form a litter composition. In the composition, the silica gel has an odor-reducing effect and the clay on the one hand absorbs moisture and on the other hand removes it from the silica gel. As a result, the composition not only absorbs moisture in animal excrement, but also has an effective odor-reducing effect. In some embodiments of the invention, clumping clay is used which facilitates the removal of collapsing feces. FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to mixtures for use as litter and to methods for preparing and applying litter compositions according to the invention.

The following examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention. Other embodiments of the invention within the scope of the appended claims will be apparent to those skilled in the art from the description of the invention, the following examples, or the practice of the invention.

GENERAL TEST PROCEDURES

The general description of the assays used in the examples below is as follows.

Test environment

The temperature of the sensory laboratory is approx. At 24 ° C, the laboratory is equipped with positive pressure ventilation to ensure an odor-free environment. The laboratory has 17 niches suitable for sensory testing of odors. Exhaust fans in the booths remove any odor from the samples being tested.

Laboratory equipment including counters, partitions, walls, etc. odor-free.

The test area is quiet, without distractions. The ceiling is covered with insulated tiles to eliminate environmental noise.

Booths allow jury members not to be distracted by other jury members when evaluating samples. The members of the Committee shall visit the booths containing the samples in succession during the evaluation. There are no chairs in the booths, a hallway between the entrance of the room and the booths acts as a buffer.

Members of the jury

Each study is conducted by 12 to 18 pre-selected qualified panel members. The members of the committee shall be selected on the basis of their olfactory and odor recognition ability. The training of the members of the jury on the classification of properties is given in "Guidelines for Selection and Training of Sensory Panel Members, ASTM Publication 758". publication.

Samples

Single Manual Handling: For manual handling of samples, a rectangular box (3.81 cm wide, 30.48 cm long and 8.89 cm deep) is prepared as samples. The litter samples are uniformly mixed in each box to obtain a homogeneous mixture. Each box has approx. A volume of 2 kg of litter is filled. On top of the litter are placed 8 pieces of 20 g feces. Fecal cubes are poured into 160 ml of female urine, moistening the litter as much as possible. The moistened litter and fecal cubes are then cured for approx. Cover with 0.2 kg of litter. The boxes were left uncovered for 5 days. No more excrement in the boxes. On the sixth day, faecal samples and (if possible) littered urine are removed from the litter.

One day before the sensory judgment, we do the following.

the. We mix the litter carefully in each box to obtain a homogeneous mixture.

b. If duplicate samples were tested, they were pooled.

c. The litter samples are passed through a splitter machine, mixed and then redistributed and mixed.

'.ί,.

- Dec. 18 The re-mixed samples are divided into three or four equal parts using the former apparatus.

e. Sample portions were placed in urine collection glasses. Depending on the test, other containers may be used for this purpose.

f. Cover the sample cups.

g. The sample storage cups are designated by randomly generated three-digit numbers.

h. The samples are numbered in the test cubicles on the day before the test.

Test procedure

Wherever possible, a balanced block assay design is used. If possible, each sample is retested. The members of the jury will evaluate the intensity of the smell of the samples. Generally, the strength of faeces / urine, ammonia and / or fragrance is determined. Approximately 10 minutes with "weak" and "strong" labels for the review. A linear scale of 15 cm was used.

The members of the jury shall carry out the odor test in accordance with the following rules:

(1) 2-3 quick sniffs, (2) sniffed mouth closed, (3) immediately replace the top of the sample cup after sniffing, (4) smell ground coffee, if necessary, to 'clean' the olfactory epithelium.

The members of the jury will judge each sample in the order shown on their score sheets. Members of the Committee should take a 5-minute break between examinations or after examining every 10 to 12 samples. For qualified jury members, most descriptive statistical analysis is performed, but tests based on difference or ranking may be used for the purpose of the study. The results of recent tests can be given either as an individual score or as a ranking sum. Each of these procedures requires standard organoleptic examination to ensure the reliability and validity of the data.

data analysis

Data analysis can be performed using analysis of variance, rank and average score differences, and Duncan's multiple comparison test. ASTM Manual Series: MNL 26, revision of STP434 (1996). publication].

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- 19 • c «» • · · * * *&gt; »fc r *&gt; *

First example

This example demonstrates the odor reduction effect of 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% silica gel mixed with calcium montmorillonite from Bloomfield, Missouri.

Two different types of silica gel were tested: mesh size 6-12 (desiccant type 5) (Fisher Scientific Co., St. Louis, Missouri) and Litter pearls (Harvest Ventures Inc., St. Louis, Missouri). Bonifacius, Minnesota). The clay component of the litter formulations was the commercially available Bloomfield clay litter. The litter composition is approx. It was prepared by stirring in 2.25 kg portions in a mixing drum. To obtain 1%, 5%, 10% and 20% samples, 22.7 g,

113.4 g, 226.8 g and 453.6 g of silica gel were mixed together at 2.25 kg, 2.16 kg, 2.04 kg and 1.82 kg, respectively.

Bloomfield clay litter.

50 grams of each mixture, as well as control samples containing only Bloomfield clay litter and 100% silica gel, were transferred to plastic sample containers. 10 ml of cat urine was added to each of the control and silica gel samples, and the samples were allowed to stand for 24 hours. The smell of the samples was evaluated by a jury of four qualified persons. The results of this study are shown in Table 1.

First spreadsheet

<td>Silica Gel%</td><td>Raw data</td><td>Province</td><td>Average strength</td>

<td>Litter pearls</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 7, 6,5,4</td><td> 4-7</td><td> 5,5</td>

<td> 1%</td><td> 8, 6, 6, 4</td><td> 4-8</td><td> 5,5</td>

<td> 5%</td><td> 5,5,5,3</td><td> 3-5</td><td> 4,5</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 3, 4, 4, 3</td><td> 3-4</td><td> 3,5</td>

<td> 20%</td><td> 4, 2,3,2</td><td> 2-4</td><td> 2,8</td>

<td> 100%</td><td> 2, 2,1,1</td><td> 1-2</td><td> 1,5</td>

<td>desiccant type silica gel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 6, 3, 9, 3</td><td> 3-9</td><td> 5,3</td>

<td> 1%</td><td> 5,5,7,4</td><td> 4-7</td><td> 5,3</td>

<td> 5%</td><td> 2,3,4,2</td><td> 2-4</td><td> 2,8</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 5,3,8,4</td><td> 3-8</td><td> 5,0</td>

<td> 20%</td><td> 4, 3, 5, 1</td><td> 3-5</td><td> 4,1</td>

<td> 100%</td><td> 9,1,6,1</td><td> 1-9</td><td> 4,3</td>

• ·

- 20 As shown in Table 1, mixtures containing "Litter pearls" showed an increasing odor-reducing effect by increasing the amount of silica gel. The threshold for the amount of silica gel to have an odor-reducing effect is approx. It was around 5%. The desiccant-type silica gel did not provide consistent odor reduction even at 100% concentration. It should be noted that the desiccant type silica gel is type A and the "Litter pearls" type C silica gel. This indicates that Type C silica gel has an effective odor-reducing effect, whereas Type A silica does not.

Second example

This example demonstrates the odor reduction effect of 5%, 10% and 20% silica gel mixed with Bloomfield clay litter.

Samples of 2.04 kg were prepared from Bloomfield clay litter and 5%, 10% and 20% Litter pearls. Samples were dosed manually on the first day of the experiment with 8-20 g of faecal cube and 160 ml of female urine. On day 6, feces were removed from the boxes and samples were prepared for organoleptic examination. During the organoleptic examination, 17 qualified jury members used a scale from 0 to 60 (weak to strong aroma). Samples were applied to 22.86 cm aluminum trays covered with a 20.32 cm (pie plate) lid. The results of this study are shown in Table 2.

Second spreadsheet

<td>Silica Gel%</td><td colspan="2">Aroma intensity¹</td>

<td></td><td>Fecal / urine</td><td>ammonium</td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 14,3^THE ~</td><td> 0,6</td>

<td> 5%</td><td> 13,6^{a&gt; b}</td><td> 0,5</td>

<td> 10%</td><td>II, 7^you’^c</td><td> 0,6</td>

<td> 20%</td><td> 11,2^{C&gt; U}</td><td> 0,7</td>

0-60 scale, weak to strong intensity

Signs A, B, and C indicate not significantly different groups (p = 0.05)

As shown in Table 2, 5%, 10%, and 20% silica gel concentrations resulted in decreasing odor intensities, although only the 10% and 20% samples differed significantly (p &lt;0.05). ) from a control sample without silica gel. It should be noted that the values ​​obtained for the 5% sample were not significantly different from those obtained for the 10% sample. Three different samples of ammonia • · • ·

There was no difference in intensity. According to the test results, the 5% silica gel content is close to the threshold amount of silica gel required for odor control.

Third example

This example demonstrates the odor reduction effect of silica gel 30%, 40% and 50% mixed with clay litter.

To obtain 30%, 40% and 50% samples, 680.4 g, 907.2 g and 1134 g of "Litter pearls" or desiccant silica gel (see Example 1) were mixed at 1.59 kg, 1.36 kg and 1.14 kg Bloomfield clay litter.

50 grams of silica gel mixtures and each of the control samples were transferred into plastic sample containers. 10 ml of cat urine was added to each of the control and silica gel samples, and the samples were allowed to stand for 24 hours. The smell of the samples was evaluated by a jury of six qualified persons. The results of this study are shown in Table 3.

Third spreadsheet

<td>Silica Gel%</td><td colspan="4">Rank frequency</td>

<td></td><td> 1.</td><td> 2.</td><td> 3.</td><td> 4.</td>

<td>Litter pearls</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 5</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 30%</td><td> 1</td><td> 4</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 40%</td><td> 0</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 50%</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td> 5</td>

<td>desiccant type silica gel</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 30%</td><td> 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td><td> 0</td>

<td> 40%</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 1</td><td> 5</td>

<td> 50%</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 1</td>

As can be seen from the data in the table, the content of "Litter pearls" increased the rank of the samples, which indicates a decrease in the odor intensity of 30-50% silica gel mixtures. There was no statistically significant difference in the 30% sample (p &lt;0.05), but the samples containing 40% and 50% silica gel showed a statistically significant difference.

- 22 were different from controls. As indicated above, "Litter pearls" contain Type C silica gel.

No consistent effect was observed with desiccant silica gel type A (30% and 50%: non-significant difference, 40%: significant difference at p = 0.05). The results of this study also suggest that type C silica gel, e.g. "Litter pearls", at 50% concentration, have an effective odor-reducing effect when mixed with clay litter, while Type A silica gel does not show consistent efficacy.

4th example

This example shows the effect of 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5% silica gel mixed with clay litter.

Conventional clay litter was blended with 0.5%, 1.0%, 2.5% and 5% Type C silica gel. Samples were treated with equal amounts of cat faeces and urine. Based on the evaluation of seven sensory reviewers, we ranked the samples. The lowest rank indicates the lowest intensity odor. The results of this study are shown in Table 4.

4th spreadsheet

<td>silica</td><td>Rank Number</td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 3,0</td>

<td> 0,5%</td><td> 3,6</td>

<td> 1,0%</td><td> 3,0</td>

<td> 2,5%</td><td> 3,6</td>

<td> 5,0%</td><td> 2,0</td>

As shown in Table 4, addition of 0.5% to 2.5% silica gel did not significantly reduce the odor intensity. However, at a concentration of 5% silica gel, some odor-reducing effect could already be observed.

5th example

This example illustrates the effect of 2.5%, 5.0%, 10% and 20% silica gel mixed with conventional clay and scoopable clay from various sources.

- 23 type C silica gel was mixed with 2.5%, 5.0%, 10% and 20% with traditional King William and Maricopa clay litter and with 2.5%, 5.0% and 10% with conventional and exhaustible Bloomfield clay litter together. King William litter was calcium montmorillonite from King William, Virginia, and Maricopa litter was a mixture of opal lime and calcium montmorillonite from Maricopa, California. Samples were prepared and treated as described in Example 4. The results for King William and Maricopa litter are shown in Table 5, while the results for Bloomfield litter are shown in Table 6. The data shown is the result of repeated tests or rank totals (higher numbers represent stronger odor intensities).

5th spreadsheet

<td>silica</td><td>Rank Sum</td>

<td>King William</td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 14</td>

<td> 2,5%</td><td> 16</td>

<td> 5,0%</td><td> 15</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 27</td>

<td> 20%</td><td> 33</td>

<td>Maricopa</td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 11</td>

<td> 2,5%</td><td> 20</td>

<td> 5,0%</td><td> 16</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 28</td>

<td> 20%</td><td> 30</td>

6th spreadsheet

<td>silica</td><td>Rank Sum</td>

<td>traditional Bloomfield</td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 16</td>

<td> 2,5%</td><td> 13</td>

<td> 5,0%</td><td> 19</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 22</td>

<td>exhausting Bloomfield</td><td></td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 11</td>

<td> 2,5%</td><td> 22</td>

<td> 5,0%</td><td> 17</td>

<td> 10%</td><td> 20</td>

As can be seen from the data in the above tables, with the increase in silica gel concentration, each litter tested increased in rank.

6th example

This example illustrates the effect of 10% and 20% silica gel mixed with conventional Bloomfield clay litter.

Samples were prepared by mixing 10% and 20% Type C silica gel with conventional Bloomfield clay litter. 8 faecal cubes and 160 ml of urine were added to the samples once before the 5 day study period. Prior to sensory evaluation, the samples were carefully mixed, distributed, and placed in equal volumes in urine collection cups. Samples were evaluated by 19 qualified reviewers. The results of this study are summarized in Table 7.

7th spreadsheet

<td>Silica Gel%</td><td colspan="2">Aroma intensity¹</td>

<td></td><td>Fecal / urine</td><td>ammonium</td>

<td> 0%</td><td> 122?</td><td> 0,4</td>

<td> 10%</td><td>ϊξ?</td><td> 0,4</td>

<td> 20%</td><td>KF³</td><td> 0,4</td>

First 0-60 scale, weak to strong intensity

Second Significantly different from control, p = 0.1

Third Significantly different from control, p = 0.05

As shown in the table, 10% and 20% silica gel reduced the odor of the samples but had no effect on the ammonia intensity.

7th example

This example illustrates that perfume may be mixed with the litter composition containing 5% silica gel to reduce odor.

- 25 Conventional and exhaustible Bloomfield litter samples were prepared containing 5% silica gel. The samples were supplemented with a powder or liquid or microencapsulated powder or liquid perfume. Any fragrance can be used for this purpose, and we have found it advantageous to use a plant-pine fragrance. The results of the sample evaluation are shown in Table 8.

8th spreadsheet

<td>Litter containing 5% silica gel</td><td colspan="3">Odor intensity¹</td>

<td>exhausting litter</td><td>fecal / urine</td><td>ammonium</td><td>fragrance</td>

<td>without fragrance</td><td>10 l^the</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 8,2^the</td>

<td>powder fragrance</td><td>6y '</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 10,9^the</td>

<td>liquid fragrance</td><td>4 l^c</td><td> 0,4</td><td>ARC³</td>

<td>traditional litter</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>without fragrance</td><td> 12,0^the</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 9,7^the</td>

<td>Powder / Liquid</td><td> 8,5^b</td><td> 0,6</td><td> 9,8^the</td>

<td>liquid fragrance</td><td> 6,2^C</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 16,2^b</td>

Scale 1.0-60, weak to strong intensity

Signs a, b, and c indicate significantly different groups (p = 0.001)

As can be seen from the data in the table, the powder or liquid fragrance was detectable in both conventional and exhaustible litter containing 5% silica gel and masked the faecal / urine odor.

8th example

This example illustrates the preparation of a conventional and exhaustible clay-based litter composition.

Traditional clay litter

Conventional clay litter does not form an exhaustible agglomerate when exposed to urine. Calcium montmorillonite clay, 95% by weight of the total litter weight, was dried, granulated and graded to produce a particle size of 0.25 to 3.4 mm. Clay granules containing particles of the appropriate size were passed through an air ladder to remove fine dust particles. The clay was then placed on an additive conveyor belt where the liquid additives were • ·

- Sprayed onto 26 clay surfaces. Such an additive is e.g. a perfume, an anti-dusting agent, or an antimicrobial agent. The fragrance may be a starch-encapsulated substance and / or a fragrance oil emulsified in water sprayable on the surface of the clay. Any fragrance can be used for this purpose, and we have found it advantageous to use a plant-pine fragrance. As an antimicrobial additive, "Myacid" or "Bronopol" was used, and polytetrafluoroethylene was used as an anti-dusting agent.

Type C granular silica gel, consisting of 1.0-6.0 mm diameter particles, was deposited on the clay, and a dye may be sprayed to improve the appearance of the product. On the conveyor belt, the clay covered with silica gel mixes through fixed tablecloths. Similarly, dry powder additives, e.g. encapsulated perfume powders may also be mixed. Instead of a conveyor belt system, the dry ingredients (clay, silica gel and powder additives) can be mixed with a conveyor screw, spiral belt mixer or other mixing device.

Exhaustible clay litter

Exhaustible clay litter forms an excretable agglomerate in contact with urine. Sodium bentonite clay (80% by weight of the total litter weight) was dried, granulated and graded to produce a particle size of 0.4-1.7 mm. Calcium montmorillonite clay (15% by weight of the total litter weight) was dried, granulated and graded to provide a particle size of 0.25-1.2 mm. Clay granules containing particles of a suitable size were passed through air nozzles to remove fine dust particles. The clay was then placed on an additive conveyor belt where the liquid additives were sprayed onto the surface of the clay. Such an additive is e.g. a perfume, an anti-dusting agent, or an antimicrobial agent. The fragrance may be a starch-encapsulated substance and / or a fragrance oil emulsified in water sprayable on the surface of the clay. For this purpose, any broth may be used, and we have preferred the use of a plant-pine fragrance. As an antimicrobial additive, "Myacid" or "Bronopol" was used, and polytetrafluoroethylene was used as an anti-dusting agent.

Type C granular silica gel with granules of 0.15-2.0 mm diameter was deposited on the clay, and a dye may be sprayed to improve the appearance of the product. On the conveyor belt, the clay covered with silica gel mixes as it passes between fixed sheets of iron. Similarly, dry powder additives, e.g. encapsulated perfume powders may also be mixed. Instead of a conveyor belt system, the dry ingredients (clay, silica gel and powder additives) can be mixed with a conveyor screw, spiral belt mixer or other mixing device.

All references cited herein are hereby incorporated by reference. Mention of the cited references is merely to summarize the claims of their authors and does not imply recognition that any reference in the literature includes prior implementation of the present invention . We reserve the right to question the accuracy and correctness of the contents of the cited references.

As described above, many advantages of the invention have been achieved and other advantageous results have been obtained.

Since various modifications may be made to the above methods and compositions without departing from the scope of the invention, the foregoing description is for illustrative purposes only and is not intended to limit the scope of the invention.