Method and apparatus for cooling material using liquid CO{HD 2

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DESCRIPTION OF THE LIST OF LEWIS TYREE, JR., Resident of 145 BRIARWOOD AVENUE,

OAK BROOK, of ILLINOIS, USA, American *

Citizen.

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Method and apparatus for the cleaning of material?

by using liquid COg / / w ή;

* The present invention relates to cryogenic freeze drying

In particular, relatively large quantities of wastewater delivery systems, on a discontinuous basis, at a minimal cost by a cryogenic medium, in particular carbon dioxide, there are many small and medium-sized food manufacturers batches to preserve the taste, texture, visual appearance of the like, they need to escape rapidly. Food processing personnel include especially baker's, cook's, chefs' chefs in large restaurants and hotels, or when preparing a product for several hours at a time. Generally, mechanical freezers are not economically suitable for such intermittent

on a relatively large scale of rapid freezing work required in a relatively low temperature environment e.g. -30 ° F or -40 ° F, because a large investment of capital would be necessary to provide a high short-term power. Cryogenic rapid freezing is an important achievement for these applicators; however, cryogenic freezing systems generally consume a significant amount of cryogenic media resulting in a reduced attractor.

In addition, there are other situations which are generally required on a periodic basis with a deep freeze.

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- 5 years of periods followed by periods of shorter use or periods of time where no cooling is required.

The adaptation of cryogenic cooling systems to service ¹Such systems are a commercially attractive prospect in the systems already available.

It is an object of the present invention to provide an ineffective cryogenic cooling or cooling operation with minimal cryogenic medium. "A further object is to provide a carbon dioxide system capable of providing a relatively large amount of cooling efficiency intermittently on an optically low base. A further object of the invention is to provide an improved method of cryogenic cooling that can handle a relatively large batch of a product on an unsustainable and cost-effective basis. Further objects of the invention will become apparent from the following detailed description of the preferred embodiments of the invention when read in conjunction with it. "

of the attached plans accordingly:

Fig. 1 is a diagram of a two-cryogenic refrigerant system according to the present invention.

Fig. 2 is a partial view of an alternate arrangement of a region of the Icon 1 system.

Fig. 3 is similar to Fig. 2 of an alternate arrangement.

Fig. 4 is a two-sided likelihood of Exit 1 for a further alternative arrangement.

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Fig. 5 is a two-and-a-half second cryogenic refrigerant system according to the present invention. !

In general, it has been found that an arrangement can be made to provide a relatively large amount of freeze-dried cryogenic temperature using a low temperature refrigerant stock from partially melted snow or snow. Can this Inventory be created financially in time?

A successful period of system use, or during the κατά!

overnight, or during interruption periods. Respectively, the creation of a cold storage capacity in the Reservoir can be achieved relatively slowly, requiring only a low power value and relatively small equipment. As long as there is sufficient time for the compressor and condenser to operate.

When a Freezing Need is served, the cold liquid cryogenic may be provided at the Required Rate while utilizing the Freezing Capacity Fields immediately. low Stock temperature to aid the compressor in the Recovery of the generated Steam. The latent heat of absorption of the solid cryogen is provided for cooling either directly or indirectly by condensation vapor. As a result, a significant cooling capacity can be stored in the inventory for realization, e.g. a quick freeze of a large amount of products

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- 5 • at relatively short time while Atomic Cryogen is recovered for reuse. When a maximum utilization period is followed by a short or no idle period, the operation of a relatively low compressor capacity is Effective for Refrigerating the Low Temperature Refrigerator at a rate per second.

Depending on the sizes of the Inventories, the compressors and the condensers, they will be taken into consideration depending on the different cycles of operation, and most of the mixing unit can be used in a system when required.

Fig. 1 illustrates an arrangement for the area of ​​intermittent cooling in a variety of food processing operations, which incorporates certain features of the present invention. Although various cryogens such as nitrogen, argon, sun, carbon monoxide, krypton, neon and hydrogen and certain low-boiling fractions may be used, preferably dioxide with dioxide . In a standard storage tank of 00 ^ 10 it is used for storing liquid carbon dioxide at 300 ° C.

PSIG under pressure will have an equilibrium temperature of 0 P. A cooling unit 12, e.g. In a freon condenser, it is connected to the container 10 and designed for operation when CO vapor condensation is required within the container for liquefaction. The companion-

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for the use of liquid COg. A typical condenser for one * * installation of this type can concentrate 50 pounds of COg vapor within one hour at 500 PSIG

A line 14 for liquid extends from the bottom of the container. 10 in an upper area of ​​a chamber or a holding tank 16 by means of a removable valve 18. Because of the length of the conduit 10, a pump (not shown, 14) may be used if desired. A branch line 20 is connected to line 14 and enters a lower position of the tank 16 by a remote control valve 22 and a pressure regulator 24. The pressure regulator ensures that the pressure line P is not lower than about 80 P.

A line 26 for steam extends from the upper area of ​​the tank 16 to the inlet side of a compressor 28. A line 26 is connected to a remote control valve 50 and a battery 52. ​​A line 54 extends outwards compressor 28 to a position near the bottom of the inner container 10 so that the high-pressure heated gas splits into liquid CO; inside the container 10. At that_n in a way, the body of liquid C0₂ an active flywheel or superheater and a freon unit 12 is used to conduct the re-hydration at high vapor pressure.

The storage tank 16 is provided with a liquid level control unit 56 that is electrically connected to a remote control panel 58, once the desired or desired level has been attained.

inside the tank 16, the control circuit operates so that /

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-;. -K. j, closed or valve 18. The compressor 28 operates if it is desired during filling to remove the steam from the tank 16 to reduce or reduce the CO pressure.₂ from the initial high pressure under which the tank was fed (e.g. 500 PSIG) to a low or pressure triple point at about 75 PS IA. and preferably below about 70 PSIA. Pressure depletion involves the vaporization, cooling of the non-vaporized COg liquor, and a drop in the temperature of the liquid or carbon dioxide tank.

The liquid level within the tank 16 is naturally reduced continuously due to passing steam and reaching a lower level affected by the control device 36;₂ from the tank 10 through the upper line 14 provided that the pressure within the tank as measured by the detector 44 is above a predetermined value e.g. 75 PSIA Part of the liquid feed will be vaporized immediately cooling the substrate and charging will continue until the desired or desired level is reached when the temperature reaches triple.

- begins to form solid C0₂ as it continues or vaporizes.

In fact, a layer of solid C0 is formed₂ near the surface of the liquid within the tank, however, or the density of solid CO. is greater than that of liquid CO. so that there is a sinking trend. By interrupting the suction of any other compressor on the tank, it temporarily stops or vaporizes;

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- 8 - This pressure allows the solid COg to sink to the surface. Repeat suction by compressor 28 allows the formation of a new layer of solid C0_? and or the subsequent interruption

,., allows the new layer to sink. Repeated suction and discontinuity create a snow reserve within the storage tank 16.

Although the compressor 28 may be able to stop and start to create holiday breaks, however, only a momentary interruption, e.g. in about 15 seconds this can be accomplished by simply closing the valve 30 in the steam line and the compressor by vacuum chamber suction compressor 32 bpm. The control system shall be adjusted such that the ignition switches start after reaching a predetermined temperature or pressure within the tank within the tank as Detected by the 4C Heat Detector or by a Pressure Sensor 44 the compressor and the tank with partially melted snow. For example,

Once the temperature has reached -60 ° F or a pressure of 75 PSIA, indications that solid C0 begins to form₂, the control system 38 interrupts the compressor suction on the hold tank by closing the valve 30 for 15 seconds every three or four minutes. This action entails the repeated formation of relatively thin layers of solid Cd. They are continuously submerged within the tank 16 'until a screening of 42 is achieved at a very short distance.

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With the formation of partial snow, the compressor is maintained at a pressure below 75 PSIA to reach the lower level, the fluid inside the tank being controlled or the control system 38 to allow further entry of liquids or to allow entry of a limited amount of liquids; If further fluid supply is desired 00_2&gt; or guiding at the branch line 20 valve 22 opens to fill the tank from the bottom of the hull an extra mismatch of the hotter liquid is achieved. Wet C0₂ coming to the tank via the branching line 20 passing through the pressure regulator 24, the purpose of which is to prevent any solid formation C0₂ In contrast to the flow within the valve region 22, in filling the tank 16 for the bottom 20 of the line there is no need to interrupt the process.

This repetition of these works creates a low-temperature stock of partially melted snow C0₂ within the tank 16 the container is available for freezing or freezing. Ideally, the system is so dimensioned that the tank area above the curtain 42 is essentially filled with partially melted snow at the desired level during the pause when preparing the ready-to-eat foods. products, control system 38 is designed to detect conditions indicating the desired level of partially melted and to disrupt the compressor operation before complete storage is completed;₂«

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*&gt;·- #^L"Overall conditions would have been so indicative of recording a temperature of about -70 ° F Ino or the fluid level showed a basically complete state * under conditions when or without pressure at 44 ° C," , also decreases below 70 PSIA, which is an indication of the formation of a thick layer of solid COg in the upper part of the reservoir so that the vaporization may be abnormal by interruption of the compressor.

Once the low-temperature stock has been obtained, the latter can be used in various ways to carry out a freeze of a product proportionally to the choice of the system by the consumer. Some alternative applications are described below. In the embodiment of Fig. 1 a freezer housing is provided in the form of a cooling chamber 50 having a pair of outside hinged insulated front doors 52. * The chamber 50 has a thermal insulation layer, e.g. of polyurethane foam, the liner lining the interior of the bottom wall, the sidewalls of the turn and the base, and the liner provided with an inner liner 54, provide the space where the product is positioned.

The liner 54 has a plurality of horizontally extending extraction insects 56 per wall and a plurality of vertically extending insect 58 58 across the opposite wall through which the gas is circulated or circulated. The '0' liner 54 is conveniently absent from the insulated side walls and / or the chamber 50 to provide a clear chamber or system of passage through which it can circulate continuously in air or gas. A fan or blower 60 is operated by an electric motor 62 supporting the chamber rotation.

The dormant housing is designed to accommodate a pair of 64-sided toothed shelves for food that have just been prepared and ready for a quick freeze. The control panel 38 is conveniently located inside a container resting on the side of the cooling chamber 50.

The cooling of the housing within the trees of the insulated outer walls is effected by an extended surface; a heat exchanger 66 is located between the insulated chamber and the upper wall of the liner. * The blower 60 forces the atmosphere inside the housing to exit from the horizontal outlet 56 to the blower without being pushed through the expanded surface of the heat exchanger 66 where it is subsequently cooled. of the vertical insects 58 and finally horizontally across the refrigerant housing to cool the food on the shelves.

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The embodiment of Fig. 1 low temperature humidity 00₂ is removed from the bottom of the tank 16 and pumped through a suitable pump 70 through the heat exchanger 66 to the insulated line 72. After flowing all along the length of the tube, it shall comprise the heat exchanger 50 at each other. through the insulation line

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and returns to the tank position just below the shaft 42, as a result of -60 ° F to -70 ° C liquid nitrogen Pumping; - ~ receives heat from the gaseous atmosphere of the circulation blower 60.

As the hot fluid mixture returns through line 74 to tank 16, it is forced to approach near the bottom, then mixes with the partially melted snow as it reaches a temperature below the tank, where₂ at the stock temperature of the partially melted snow, i.e. at -70 ° F. As a result, the cooling system is capable or capable of spontaneously circulating a gaseous atmosphere at -60 ° F through freezing products. The benefits of cryogenic freezing inside the refrigerant shell are achieved without consuming carbon dioxide and extracting it into the atmosphere. * Heat emitted by the hotter liquid CO2 * and condensed vapor Absorbed by the latent heat of the solid part of partially melted snow₂ as it melts to form a liquid 00₂Hence, the previously created low temperature stock provides a large amount of Cryogenic Instant cooling to achieve a rapid freezing of a product batch.

Usually, the control system 38 is adjusted to actuate the compressor 28 (if it is not already in operation) just to X. ' · -.

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The system is designed to provide cryogenic freezing temperatures under conditions that allow the total amount of carbon dioxide vapors to be recovered whilst simultaneously showing minimal economical use. However, the system is not restricted to operating in the above manner, and if additional refrigeration is required such as e.g. when a certain day more freezing is desired than is usually done, or the period during which the low temperature stock of partially melted snow is regenerated should be shortened, or

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Above freezing may be carried out. The vent line 80 of the tank 16 is equipped with a remote control valve 82 which opens through the control panel. Respectively, if or the temperature of the reservoir within the tank rises above a predetermined value, e.g. -60 ° F, or a predetermined pressure, e.g.

PSIA over a period of time or by pumping 70 liters of carbon dioxide and compressor 28 is in operation, the control system 38 will detect if the low temperature refrigerant storage has a significant amount of storage space 28 a requirement for cooling performance. Under these conditions, the $ 2 valve will open to ventilate the C0₂ from tank 16 to rapidly degrade or pressurize the tank and thereby restore the liquid reservoir to the desired low temperature. Although the so-called COg vapor vapor is not inviolable, the vented amount will never be infinite only a very small fraction of the total CO vapor₂ being used under the system and condensed, and so operating allows the system to succeed in freezing beyond the Capacity Scheduled event of great and precious importance in cases where it is required at a very cold day.

In the modified embodiment of Fig. 2, the screen is removed from the lower region of the tank 16 and a coil is provided within the tank with the heat exchanger. The end of the coil 8p is connected to the end; / · ·

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suction of a bypou 70 pump pumped to line ί ΐ · · - -^&lt;g power supply 66 heat exchanger inside refrigerant chamber- ¹My 50, and the other end of the coil is connected to the return line 74 by the heat exchanger. Instead of pumping liquid 00 from tank 16 through heat exchanger 66 and back, at a suitable low temperature thermoelastic lubricant Pumps into a closed circuit through the side panel 85 and of the extended furniture ΐ.

The appearance of the heat exchanger 66. This arrangement does not fully allow a low temperature inside the cooling chamber, as the system of Fig. 1, due to the associated temperature drop in temperature of about 85 ° C - 55 °? inside the chiller, a fact satisfying for most freezing work. ·,

The advantage accompanies the use of a wall. ·. . of this auxiliary heat exchanger fluid is the ease of use of suitable valves in the circuit to detach the heat exchanger 66 where required. Suitable third-?

&gt; - Three (three-way) valves 87 and 89 can be fitted to the supply line 72 and the return line 74 to isolate the coil 85 inside the tank from Pump 70. Activate the actuators 87 to circulate the heat exchanger fluid through the heat exchanger in the ambient air 91 so that it lies within the branch line 95. During the Rest period the refrigerant stock is under rebuild.

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- 16 if ice has been created on the heat exchanger 66, vol ¹ ,. The heat exchanger may circulate through the exposed surface of the heat exchanger 66 and through the heat exchanger 91, thereby freezing the heat exchanger within the cooling chamber 50 of the system. :

The One Illustrated By Icon 5 Second Alternative | embodiment, either a storage tank or chamber, cooperates with it

extended surface of the heat exchanger inside the cooling chamber 100, A plurality of large diameter pipes 102 are located

I the area to the right of the slider From investor 104

Each of the tubes 102 bears a plurality of axially extending helical blades 106 designed to effect abnormal heat transfer from the hottest gas circulating within the assist chamber.

108.The arrangement may be such that High Pressure;

From a storage container, it can be fed through a line 110 to all vertical connecting tubes. . in parallel. The steam outlet ducts from the upper end of each tube 102 are provided in a single line 112 that is connected to the compressor suction. 01 tubes 102 inefficiently replacing residence tank 16. In this arrangement or circulating gaseous atmosphere it passes directly above the outer surface of the low temperature refrigerant which is created inside the plurality of large tubes

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immediately above the said freezing product inside the casing 104. If designed ineffectively, this alternative system may not be used or a liquid pump e.g. or a pump of 70 mm a further otxovo may be carried out by combining the storage tank with the heat exchanger.

It is found that operating a system like Fig. 1 utilizes a 3-hp freeway condenser, which has the usual auxiliary size through a medium-sized COg storage container, and a 3-hp compressor can be supplied either directly or indirectly. available under a 50 hp mechanical refrigeration system used to freeze this amount of food products. Accordingly, the system is extremely useful in a geographical area where either no electricity is available or has high costs as well as working with a fast freezing unit and expensive machine costs. In addition, the system not only provides the benefits of a rapid cryogenic freezing without significant loss of cryogenic atmosphere, but also freezing can be carried out in a substantially pure anhydrous dioxide atmosphere freezer.

In the embodiment of Figure 4, the very principle of freezing storage by phase change of carbon dioxide is used; however, the actual physical configuration is different. This cooling chamber is used 50 m / s /

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- 18 heat exchanger 66 and mechanical blower 60, as described in detail in Fig. 1. However, liquid circulates through the heat exchanger 66 and incorporation of Fig. 4 is provided by a 12-way feeder 12 containing a remote control valve 124. The discharge end of the converter 66 is connected to the vapor region of the intermediate tank 120 by line 123.

Intermediate tank 120 is supplied with liquid 00₂ from the main storage tank 10 through feeder line 14 and the removable tubular valve 18. The storage tank of 10 kg of liquid COg is usually at a pressure above 200 PSIG, often at a temperature of 300 P 126 to the desired lower pressure and temperature within the tank 120. A fluid level control device 128 is connected to the tank 120 and maintains the fluid level 00 within the tank by opening the fill valve 18 when the fluid level drops below a preset. The steam line 130 guides having tank 120 include a pressure regulator 132 which controls the pressure within the tank 120 and is usually set to a value between 70 and 90 PSIG. The line 130 is connected via another anti-pressure regulator 133 (adjusted just above the triple point) to the bottom of a thermally insulated storage tank 134.

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-w- / ·;: ·· - ^: - 19 One. branch line 20 having main line 14 contains a remote control valve 22 and leading to a nozzle spray C0₂ 136. High pressure liquid COg flowing to the nozzle. 136 extends through the nozzle opening creating an extremely low pressure snow or liquid proportional to the pressure of the holding tank 134. The steam line 138 directs from the upper terminal area 13. The main branch 139 comprises a j-pressure regulator of 140 rpm, which is adjusted to maintain an anti-compression pressure of at least 80 PSIA inside the tank 134. Line 138 guides a compressor 142 rpm is controlled by i.

does the pressure switch 144 cause the compressor to operate? when there is a slight vapor pressure on the suction side e.g. at least from 60 PSIA The compressed steam returns to the storage container 11 via the return line 34 as previously described. 'However, if the vapor pressure inside the container is low then a pressure valve opens'

146 so that the pressure is restored to a higher value when the compressor starts operating. _

In the illustrated embodiment, the holding tank 134 is supported on a scale or scales 148 to which it is connected to a weight switch 150. The switch 150 has a pair of touch points and is connected to the control system 38 when controlled. · H or tank 134 is full fluid, or upper contact of switch 150 notifies control system;

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to shut off supply valve 22, thereafter disrupting or further supplying COg to Nozzle 136. * The compressor 142 continues to operate until at least COg is switched to snow.'Chains within tank 134 are now ready 00 When generated by freezing operations. When the weight of COg within tank 134 falls below a certain desired value, as described above, then or below switch contact 150 Forces the control system 38 to spring the solenoid valve 22 providing a ready-made DC nozzle 138 in order to provide additionally to the tank.

In general, the system is of such a size that the tank 134 includes enough snow C0₂ to condense most of the vapor that will form during the following day's cooling process, The conversion of high pressure CO2 to fill the tank for snow is done at relatively slow rates during the night, so a relatively small compressor and condenser are required. · Condenser 12 which will operate during the freezing process.The junction at line 138 is connected to branch line 160, 162 Each of them contains a solenoid operated valve 164,166 and a pressure regulator 168, 170 respectively.

When control system 38 is actuated to initiate snowmelt filling tank branch 160 Opens with pressure regulator 168 set

134, or the valve in operation

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nozzle 136, compressor 142 operates to retain pressure. of between 70 and 75 PSIA so as to create, or, -,. The nozzle 136 has such dimensions that the liquid is discharged at a pace consistent with the compressor 142. However, i.

the fluid can enter at a faster rate and transform; it slows down as the compressor reduces the pressure

I inside the tank 134. When it is filled or the snow tank stops

Compressor 142, shut-off or valve 164 operate, assuming pressure regulator 140 is set at approximately 80 PSIG, i.e. above the triple point.

Μετά After the product is frozen in the freezer ΐ

50, close 52 and the control system is activated. 38 to start the cooling process. The solenoid valve 124 is opened leaving the fluid 00₂to flow due to gravity to the heat-exchange coil 66. When cooling, freezing, or slow freezing is desired, or reaching a temperature of about -30 ° F, it is usually sufficient. However, with cryogenic type / / burst type, temperatures below -50 ° C within projectile 50 are desired. If either tank 120 is maintained at a pressure of about 90 PSIA (75 PSIG) the liquid in the heat exchanger 66 will be found at about -62 ° F, and may lower the ambient temperature of the housing 50 ° 54. or below -50 ° C. The circulation of the atmosphere beyond the 66 blade for the fan caused the vaporization

C0₂ and steam goes out from opposite end of the whole

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·&gt;-;&lt; ;&amp;^Bjj_, V'FrT X? * ·. £. ·: r '7' &amp;? £ y · A'sl ·? - Xf'Afrr &lt;-&gt; - 22 miles Returns via line 123 to Intermediate Tank 120. * 0 Steam 00₂ It is created in Alternator 66 flowing through it. tank through line 130 in addition to the pressure regulators 132, 133 to the bottom of tank-134 which is maintained at lower pressure by the compressor. Additional liquid C0₂ is supplied to tank 120 through the filling valve 18 as required by the fluid level control device 128,

As steam enters the bottom of tank 134 through line 130 Forces snow 00₂ to melt and form partially melted snow with a gradually decreasing percentage of solids. To receive Compressor startup 142 when the freezing process is started, as soon as the control system Opens the valve 124 for the start of the gravitational flow at the Alternator 66, Opens or normally closed tubular valve 16. The pressure regulator 170 in this line maintains a pressure of 65 PSIA so steam passes immediately through the regulator 170 by activating the pressure switch 144 and operating a compressor 142 or 142. Initial Launch of Steam Preparation Will Soon Be Visible Allowing the Compressor to Launch Steam From the Tank 134. The valve 166 may not be closed at the end of the cooling cycle or during the period during which partial melting snow is formed.

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Inside the cooling chamber 50, are Vapor 00 0Vs constantly generated? - iSj cells gradually melt the snow 00₂ Inside the tank A ^ xj ^_yhow to form partially melted snow and then melt znaad '- * ^ - g &amp; e *?.?;'⁵ • T ^ 'S ¢ -, ·

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the solid part of the partially melted snow to liquid as the vapor continues to condense during its upward movement.

Compressor 142 operates continuously to remove C0 vapors₂&gt;

from the tank, to compress them and to return to storage 10 for condensation. If the compressor 142 is unable to keep up with its running rate and if partially melted it returns to the liquid, the incoming steam will splash through the liquid and increase in pressure 15 and 120. To prevent or raise the pressure above 85 PSIA, a relief valve 176 is provided with line 130 or guides the drain line 17S. The nozzle valve 176 ventilates the line 150 rpm or the pressure in the tank 154 rises above 85 PSIA. So even when the compressor is currently unable to keep up with the freezing demands of the freezer at the end of an unusually intense day, the ventilation of line 150 that drives out of the tank 120 ensures uninterrupted maintenance or the cryogen through the exchanger 66.

- The physical arrangement provides sufficiently sufficient, relatively large amounts of cryogenic cooling by the concentration of snow in the properly insulated tank 154, which is automatically supplemented during the night. The system can be operated efficiently by the use of a compressor 142 driven by a three-horsepower engine and by the construction of a standard condensing tank. /

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In the embodiment of Figure 5, the principle of storing the freezer by phase change of COg 'B /' B is used, this system uses the available cryogenic heat ..., '.

· · 'Ζ ζ ζg μοggggggggggg ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή ή διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά διά. An example is a 200 cm food cooler comprising an endless conveyor belt 202 carrying the frozen product from one entrance to the right end to an exit to the left end. From above, i;

A lot of snow nozzles are available near the entrance! No. 204 designed to cover the belt and the product therefrom with a high speed COg layer of snow.

The snow-making system may be of the type described in my prior patent no. '

3.815.377 of 11/6/74 the contents of the sentence are then cooperated.

· Hereof. For the purposes of the present application, it is sufficient to suggest that there is a control system 206 controlling an adjustable valve 208 to provide the desired amount. snow regardless of temperature is detected inside the freezer 200 by a thermal pair 210. * The left part of the freezer 200 includes an alternator. Heat 212 of any type desired is often referred to as a complete freeze section.

During operation, the product is rapidly covered with snow to form a freezing crust that prevents liquid escaping, followed by freezing of liquid water.

- 25 shipped products within the complete freezing area. The alternator 212 operates as an evaporator and a plurality of Fans is thereby connected to maintain circulation of the Atmospheric coolant about the strap product where the strap 202 is preferably porous so that the product can be oiled. The Nozzles 204 create snow with Steam 00₂»Or snow blasting 00 ^ creates additional Steam 00₂ in such a way that cooler 200 is rapidly filled for the Inert Vapor OC Excluding the moisture-containing Air six. Respectively, Fans 214 within the complete freezing area circulate C0 Steam₂ through heat exchanger 212 and upstream of the frozen product surfaces without significant moisture concentration on the exposed surface of the heat exchanger 212. Steam from the nozzles and from the outside without any excessive snow. However the rest 00₂ Vaporized inside Evaporator 212 Recovers under the system.

Primary storage container 220 g of liquid 00₂ use * · t '- ·. ·&gt;

<img file="GR66058B_D0026.tif" />

It is stored for high pressure CO2 pressure storage at 500 PSIG at 0 ° F. A condenser freon 222 with the appropriate capacity is attached to the container and operates when the vapor condensation is required within the container to maintain the desired pressure vessel. A supply line 224 from the container drives a T-226 compound and 4 Tbs of a T-compound a 22fl '\ ai Heat exchanger

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the.

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at a second connector-T 230, A line 232 from the second connector-T 230 guides the pressure regulating valve 208 of the snow-removal system, and a line 234 comprising a pressure regulator 236 and connecting to the end 21 inside the freezer.

* Evaporator 212 comprises a fluid level control detector 238 which is connected to the control system 206 and to a solenoid operated valve 240 located in the return air line 24. The function of the liquid level control unit 238 is to prevent the evaporator 212 from being fully filled with the liquid 212 if they are desired by boiling conditions, while maintaining the evaporator 24 in order to keep the evaporator in place. d The liquid level detector 238 indicates the liquid being elevated to a level near the peak, the control system is instructed to close valve 240 to prevent further feed of liquefaction until it is lowered or level. During this period, the heat continues in the water 00_? is forced to return to feed line 234 as the pressure drops until the fluid has fallen below the desired level. The control system 206 also includes a detector 244 which detects the temperature within the complete freezing area of ​​the chiller, and the control system will close the valve 240 if an extremely low temperature is detected. 'Steam return line 242 guides one another, / - /'; gain 228 through which the current high pressure passes _G. , '·' * C the other arm of the link 230 is connected to · / · ♦

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- 27 g, thus taking advantage of the cooling capacity of the cold vapor for cooling the incoming liquid before the vapor is condensed.

¹ &gt;

The second leg of the first connector-T 226 is connected to a line 250 or guided by a remote control valve 252 and thereby a stay chamber 254 is supported by an element 256. The steam outlet line 258 drives from the top of chamber 254 through the pressure regulator 260 usually set at 72 PSIA with a T-connector 262 and the steam line 242 opposed to the outlet 228; alternator 228 through line 263 that drives a compressor 264, the operation of which is controlled by the pressure switch 266. The compressor outlet line 268 drives through an auxiliary condenser 270, through a 2? 2 pressure regulator, and there is a steam return line 274 that enters the bottom through the main container 220 to splash into the high pressure liquid reservoir. A vapor branch line 276 is connected through a pressure regulator 278 to the vapor region of the storage container 220. The regulator 272 is adjusted to maintain sufficient pressure within the condenser 2. irrespective of the pressure of container 220, which varies widely due to filling and due to other conditions. The pressure regulator 278 in the branch line opens whenever it detects a pressure lower than that by which the compressor 222 is adjusted or stopped so that this event or condition and liquid X occur.^:

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- 28 pg ^ 'L.

L3 will return to the compressor storage tank, or the pressure above the humidifier immediately lubricates to actuate the condenser 222 and the storage system including 20.

In the other connector-T 282 the steam line 242 the drive to the alternator 228 provides a branch line 283 that comprises a pressure regulator 284 and is connected to the bottom of the chamber 254 and the regulator 284 .3.I.A.

The pressure switch 226 controls the compressor; it can be set to a cut-off of about 70 PSIA

Accordingly, when evaporating steam is generated in the evaporator 212, it flows through the outlet line 263 from the alternator 228, the pressure switch 226 operates the compressor 264 to retrieve this steam.

However, a maximum load occurred, and the compressor could not handle any steam generated, or the pressure at the steam return line 280 increased, forcing the pressure regulator 284 to open at 28 degrees through spring. booth 254.

A portion of the vapor in the return line flows through tissues in chamber 254 where it is condensed where it is found.

If an abnormal long-term condition with a maximum load was reached, or an acoustic valve 290 in line 263, it would spring to ventilate the excess pressure to maintain or maintain a desired pressure, e.g. 30 P.3.IG so as to use the chiller function.

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- 29 so that the compressor can handle a greater amount of steam generated by evaporator 212, or steam line pressures 263 and 242, falling below a predetermined point, with the regulator open container 254 and begins to replenish the snow content of the stock. Thus, a chamber 254 appropriately controlled by the pressure regulators 260 and 284 serves as a device for disrupting the flow of flow with the compressor 264 of the evaporators 212.

A freezing control unit 292 monitors the indications from the load element 256 and controls the filling of chamber 254 by the remote control valve 252. The control unit 292 is adjusted to the original chamber 254.₂until it reaches a certain weight. The valve 252 is then closed so that the compressor 264 can convert the snow into fluid. As the wet stock is converted to snow, the weight of the stock inside chamber 254 is reduced. When the element 256 records a drop in weight below a predetermined value, or valve 252 re-opens at least one unit 29 each , e.g. with a timed base of flow. After re-closing valve 252 and lowering compressor pressure 264 to reset this amount of snow fluid, these steps are repeated. In this way can it be done? · - /, filling chamber 254 in two, three or four stages so

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'.AT ·.' And to succeed in stocking snow that has to completely satisfy booth 254.

* However, when vapor is condensed under such a full snow reservoir, the volume of partially melted snow within chamber 254 continuously increases as liquid is formed from the melted snow and condensed vapor. In this case, or an increase in the stock weight above a predetermined maximum value is monitored By element 256 and control unit 292 actuated a Pump 294 or subtracted wet C0₂ From an area near the top of chamber 254 and return it to the main storage container 220 ° C0₂ through line 296. "When the stock weight is Satisfactoryly reduced, Pump 294 ceases to operate through control unit 294 until the desired maximum weight is again achieved. In this way, the effective volume of chamber 254 can be increased beyond the amount of C0₂ otherwise it would be treated if its capacity was limited by the corresponding amount of snow or its corresponding liquid capacity. For example, in a chamber of 10,000 gallons operating without pump 294, it can accept and condense enough steam to supply more than 4,000. 000 BTU for cooling the coolant 200. If there is an automatic Pump protection with Pump 294 of this chamber size or above. The price is about 6,000,000 BTU.

Since the invention has been illustrated by reference to specific embodiments, it should be noted that they may / may not be modified or modified without removing them.

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\ · ^. ' In the spirit of the purpose of the present invention that is provided in accordance with the appended claims. is contemplated as such an arrangement of the present invention. These refrigeration systems are considered advantageous for achieving cooling or freezing temperatures e.g. -50 ° F and below, at no charge of cryogen while minimizing installation costs. In addition, the invention is useful not only in basically permanent installations, but also in a portable refrigeration unit or cryogen delivery unit or conjugate at the time of recharge or partial preparation.

An illustrated system has special advantages in that there is no need for cryogenic treatment in the form of partially melted snow because it performs its function while remaining inside the chamber where it occurred.

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-/

- 32 CLAIMS

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1, - A method of cooling material using Cold Storage ...

general freezing, or otherwise, a method comprising:

The supply of cryogen to a chamber,.

- The control of the temperature and pressure of said cryogen within said chamber so as to be found at the triple point they are equilibrated with steam or partially ...

melted chia, · &lt;

- Removing the cryogen from said chamber to {

increase in the percentage of solid cryogen within said cell -&gt;

after me a low temperature refrigerant is created.

i

- The assembly of said solid cryogen in the said chamber while using its freezing potential to cool the material against a_tWhat causes the melting of the juice? thiol solid cryogen to form liquid cryogen. '

2, - A method according to Claim 1 wherein the material to be cooled is carried in a freezing housing, wherein said freezing housing comprises means for exchanging heat, wherein or the temperature of said freezing chamber below or below freezing temperature. By vaporizing liquid cryogen in said heat exchange medium, and whereby the steam thus produced is concentrated by contacting said solid cryogen within said chamber.

3. A method according to Claim 2 wherein said heat exchanger and said heat exchanger are supplied in a single container;

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- 55 th Storage of liquid cryogen.

4. - A method according to Claim 2 wherein the liquid cryogenic within said chamber is separated from said solid cryogen and is fed to said heat exchange medium where it occurs.

5. - A method according to Claim 4 wherein said liquid within said chamber is converted into solid and the additional liquid is cryogenically fed to said chamber to form a partially melted liquid mixture.

6. - A method according to Claim 2 wherein said chamber is formed as said portion of said heat exchanger so that the low temperature refrigerant is formed within said heat exchanger and a vapor chamber or vapor chamber. .

'B;'

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A method according to Claim 1 wherein the cooled material is fed into a freezer housing having a heat exchange medium and wherein the temperature within said freezing chamber is maintained at or below freezing temperature. of a gaseous atmosphere within said housing beyond said medium of heat.

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- 34 8, - A method according to claim 7 wherein there is no auxiliary flow of a heat transfer fluid. said circulating gas within said freezing housing.

9. - A method according to any of Claims 1 * to 8 wherein said cryogen is COg.

10. - A method according to Claim 2 wherein said freezing housing comprises said heat exchange means in one sector and means for preparing snow in another sector, where the cryogen is COg, where the hot COg is fed said snow-making means, and whereby steam generated within said housing by said snow-making means circulates beyond said heat-exchange means.

i

11. - A device for the propeller shaft using cryogenic freezing, or any device comprising:

- one chamber, / to supply the cryogen to said chamber,

- means coincident with said chamber for reducing pressure within the chamber at the triple point, and for forming solid cryogen to create a low temperature refrigerant stock within said chamber,

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- means for condensing the recovery of said compressed steam,

- heat transfer medium afterwards, before? cooling material,

- means for trofodosian liquid cryogen to said means for heat transfer to cool said material by creating a cryogenic vapor and means removes the said steam from said heat transfer medium and sympyknounta THE said steam by melting solid cryogen into the refrigerant Stocks said chamber.

12. - A device according to claim 11 wherein a freezing housing is provided after said heat transfer means and provided means for circulating the gaseous atmosphere within said heat transfer housing beyond said heat transfer.

13, - A device according to claim 11 or 12 providing means for controlling said said means after said chamber to create within it partially melted snow, whereby means are provided by natural means. Means and whereby means are provided for lifting said separated cryogenic liquid from said chamber and pumping it to heat transfer medium.

14. A device according to claim 11 or 12 wherein a cryogenic liquid storage tank system is provided by which said chamber is said to be a means of heat transfer.

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15. A device according to claim 12 wherein a high pressure liquid reservoir tank system is provided at which the said boilers and said heat medium are then provided.

Once and where a means is provided for spraying the COg liquid into said freezing casing to deposit snow on the cooled material and to create within it a COg atmosphere.

16, - A device according to claim 14 or 15 wherein an intermediate container is provided which is connected between said storage container and said heat transfer means, and wherein means are provided to reduce pressure. an intermediate pressure for supply - to said heat transfer medium.

17, - A device according to any of claims 11-12 and 1416 wherein said chamber is provided with a weight switch means, wherein a control system is coupled to said weight switch, wherein a remote control valve is provided the steam outlet of said chamber and said compressor, with said regulator set below the triple point, And wherein said system is used to open said remote control valve after reaching a predetermined weight within said said chamber.

18, - An arrangement of first conveyor means according to * to any one of the claims, .ite connecting the exit means said compressor means second conveyor / µl

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a-

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- 37 connect said first drainage means to a lower position within said chamber, where valves within said secondary drainage open at any time or pressure within them;&gt;

said first abduction media exceeds a predetermined value.

19, - A device according to any one of claims 11 to 18 wherein means is provided for automatically ventilating the cryogenic vapor having said chamber if or pressure within it exceeds a preselected process level.

An Athinas Tr 18.12.1977 The Attorney General

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#44