Unitized sanitary napkin.

Absorbent structural unit

The invention relates to an absorbent structural unit according to the preamble of claim 1, having cover, transfer and storage layers. In particular, the invention relates to absorbent structures that can be used in sanitary napkins, incontinence and wound dressings, and the like that are unusually absorbent and retention.

Women’s health care products have historically been relatively unreliable to prevent women’s underwear and outerwear from staining during menstruation. For example, large, fluffy dressings with high suction values ​​due to the use of water-friendly materials, such as wood cellulose and rayon in their structure, which, however, are often unable to retain the absorbed menstrual bleed or dry at that site. They also easily lose their shape during use, causing discomfort and staining underwear and outerwear. Even more recently developed thinner dressings with highly absorbent polymeric materials designed to retain fluid have proven to be quite unsuccessful. Furthermore, both types of bandage easily become lumpy and deformed in an undesirable manner when subjected to pressure so that the above-mentioned the ligaments are unable to be in constant contact with the diaphragm. This can create pathways or pathways along which the menstrual fluid can drain without being absorbed and thus cause stagnation as the fluid is channeled out of the suction piece. Although it may be desirable to provide multiple longitudinal passages, most known ties will only have lumps, creating large voids, which is undesirable.

When a flexible substance is added to the bandages to prevent the loss of the 97274 shape, the bandages become uncomfortable and very expensive to manufacture. Moreover, thick ties are not significantly better than thinner ties.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide a sanitary napkin composition capable of providing good sealing and intimate contact with a woman's body at all stages or in her operations while providing excellent absorbency and comfort due to the thinness of the composition.

It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an absorbent structure capable of rapidly absorbing and retaining large amounts of fluids in the human body.

Another object of the invention is to provide a sanitary napkin capable of absorbing menstrual bleeding quickly and efficiently and retaining bleeding fluid in the suction structure of the dressing, thus limiting interference.

Yet another object of the invention is to provide a sanitary napkin that is flexible and effortless and yet resistant to expansion and distortion.

These objects are achieved by an absorbent structural unit which is characterized by what is set forth in the characterizing part of claim 1.

The present invention is characterized by an interconnected suction structure in which the coating, transport and storage layers are selected according to their ability to receive, store, spread and release liquids. Thus, when each such layer is appropriately selected, a structure is obtained in which liquids are aspirated at a rate that adapts to the secretion to which said structure is directed and which allows the storage layer to receive, distribute and store liquids on a relatively flat basis over its entire width and length. This is preferably achieved with a partially complete density gradient (i.e. the density increases as a function of depth) from the cover plate through the transition layer to the associated storage layer.

In preferred embodiments, all three layers are interconnected, but some applications allow some truncation between the selected layers. In one embodiment of the invention, the separate layers, each selected according to its density and ability to receive, spread and release liquids, are joined together by lamination. In an alternative embodiment, the layers are joined together by depositing in a row, a layer on top of a layer into a continuous fibrous layer process in which transition areas are formed between the layers.

Irrespective of the degree or type of association, the cover and transfer layers are successively more compacted, but both avoid the spread of liquid, instead aiming for the liquid to travel to the next level, which is more compact. However, the retention layer is selected according to its ability to dispense and retain fluid, so that the overall length and width of the retention layer is utilized, thus improving the overall performance of the model.

A very desirable feature of the structure according to the invention is its formability, thanks to which the deformable product retains its liquid transfer properties in use. In preferred embodiments, dry flexibility of the same order of magnitude is used as underwear or as in panties. When the product gets wet, on the other hand, its flexibility decreases somewhat in favor of increased resilience.

Therefore, the articles embodying the principles of the present invention include a structure that is not only very thin and flexible but also adaptable and absorbent.

In preferred embodiments, the cover and barrier layers extend over the edges of the fluid transfer layer and storage layers and are sealed to each other around the edge of the suction structure. The cover and barrier layers are preferably joined so that a liquid barrier seal is formed around the edge of the structure. This seal may be a thin boundary line or a thicker line in the area joined together. If it is a thin line, the rest of the edge area can be sealed by gluing.

The present invention also relates to sanitary napkins which can be made using the suction structure of the present invention. The sanitary napkin of the present invention is preferably formed using an absorbent system and a liquid impermeable barrier layer. The absorbent system preferably includes a fluffy, sparse cover of hydrophilic fibers, a liquid transfer layer closest to the cover, and an absorbent storage layer and a barrier layer adjacent to the liquid transfer layer. The suction system is laminated so that all the layers are attached to each other so as to form an interconnected structure.

In short, the absorbent structure of the present invention can be used in sanitary napkin products because it is attached to the wearer's undergarments under tension, which maintains its flatness against the undergarments. This keeps the surface exposed at all times and makes it as wide as underwear and therefore is able to maintain its opacity under dynamic compression conditions.

The suction structure of the present invention is also useful in diapers, wound dressings and other products for children and adults used to absorb body fluids. In the case of an incontinence preparation, at least one intermediate layer may be detached to allow the intermediate layer to be cut.

Fig. 1 is a plan view showing one embodiment of a sanitary napkin of the present invention. Part of Figure 1 is exploded to illustrate the suction structure of a sanitary napkin.

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Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the sanitary napkin of Figure 1 applied to its portions. It shows the suction structure without adhesive bonding between the layers.

Figure 3 is a cross-sectional view of one embodiment of a suction structure of the invention.

Figure 4 is a plan view of one embodiment of a sanitary napkin of the invention.

Figure 5 is a plan view of another embodiment of the invention.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of a side compression test device image.

Figure 7 is a perspective view of the torsion testing apparatus.

Figure 8 is a perspective view of a deformation-gluing testing apparatus.

Figure 9 is a perspective view of an elasticity compression testing apparatus.

The suction structure of the present invention preferably has four parts: a cover layer, a liquid transfer layer, a storage layer and a barrier layer.

It is part of the suction structure of the present invention that it is capable of forming a dynamic cover for underwear. This means that the suction structure is large and covers a large surface area, is very thin and yet quite absorbent. Because of this, it works in use as part of panties rather than as a separate piece. It also provides protection, performing any kind of activities for a woman.

In this context, it is defined that substantial attachment and interconnection means substantially integral contact, such as by forming layers or using continuous layers using layers of individual fibers. Also, as used herein, the ability of a particular layer means its ability to receive liquid on one surface, pi97274 to temporarily dispense liquid and pass it through to the next layer. Thus, the ability involves taking into account both the physical retention capacity and the rate of change of the liquid dispersion. In the following representation, the ability is given a dimension by physical and functional specifications (e.g., basis weight, fiber denier, pore size, thickness, density, permeability, absorption, holding capacity, etc.).

The topsheet is intended to be in substantial contact with the body at the point where fluid is formed. In the case of a sanitary napkin, this point is the perineal area. The topsheet is preferably a relatively sparse, fluffy, nonwoven web material having a basis weight of about 3.391 to 33.91 g / m^2- More preferably, the basis weight should be about 8.478 to 25.43 g / m 2². Most preferably it should be 16.86 g / m 2². The length of the fiber is preferably about 1.77 to 5.08 cm. More preferably, the fiber should be about 3.17 to 4.45 cm in length. Most preferably it should be about 3.81 cm. However, as long as the coating has a suitable mass and porosity, the length of the fiber is not critical. The denier of the fiber is preferably about 1-3.5. More preferably, the denier is about 2.5-3.5. At its most preferred it is about 3. It is possible to make the cover layer from only one type of fiber, such as polyester, or it can be made of a two-component material or to combine fibers including low and high melting point fibers. A variety of natural or synthetic materials can be selected, such as nylon, polyester, rayon (along with other fibers), cotton-acrylic fiber, and the like, and combinations thereof.

The two-component fibers can be made of a polyester core and a polyethylene coating. When suitable two-component materials are used, a fusible nonwoven fabric is obtained. Examples of such tea-meltable textiles are disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,555,430, issued November 26, 1985 to Mays. The use of a fusible fiber increases the ease with which the topsheet can be glued to an adjacent transfer layer and / or barrier layer.

The cover layer preferably has a relatively high wettability, although the individual fibers that make up the cover may not be particularly hydrophilic. The cover material should also have quite a lot of relatively large pores. This is because the topsheet is designed to rapidly absorb body fluid and remove it from the body and the fluid collection site. The fibers that make up the top layer should not lose their physical properties when tested, i.e., they should not collapse or lose their elasticity as they absorb water or body fluid. The coating can be treated so that the liquid can easily pass through it. The cover layer also acts to quickly transfer the liquid to the other layers of the suction structure. The cover should be able to transport the liquid both vertically to the underlying layers and horizontally away from the deposition site. Thus, the cover is wettable, wettable and porous. When the cover is made of synthetic water-shielding fibers such as polyester or biofibrous materials, it can be treated with a surfactant to provide the desired level of wettability.

High porosity perforated polymeric films can be used as coating materials, although they are not wettable. Due to their high porosity, such membranes fulfill the function of rapidly transporting body fluid to the inner layers of the suction structure. Perforated, equally protruding films, such as the RETICULON® branded perforated film described in U.S. Patent No. 4,690,679, are useful as topsheets in the suction structures of the present invention. A second perforated film suitable for the topsheet of the products of the present invention is described in U.S. Patent No. 4,342,314, 3.8. 1982, Rodel et al.

An important factor in the top layer and other layers of the suction structure of the present invention is their pore size distribution. There should be a lot of large particles in the cover layer to facilitate the passage of liquid inside the suction structure. At least 15% of the pores should preferably have a radius of more than 300. More preferably, at least 30% of the pores should have a radius greater than 300.

Another important property of the cover layer is water permeability. The topsheet should be highly liquid permeable so that liquid passes rapidly through it. The water permeability of the cover layer should preferably be at least 15,240 m³/ m²/ min with a pressure difference of 0.00117 MPa. More preferably, the water permeability should be greater than 18 m³/ m²/ Min. Most preferably, the water permeability should be greater than 22.86 m³/ m²/ Min.

Another feature of the cover layer is its wettability. In a basket wetting test for a hydrophilic coating, in which 5 g of substance is placed in a basket in a container and the settling time of the basket is measured, the coating layer should be sufficiently wettable to cause the basket to sink in less than 2 seconds. The body subsidence test is described in ASTM Standard Publication, ASTM Number D1117.

The cover can be embossed on the rest of the suction structure to improve hydrophilicity by joining the cover together to the next layer of cellulosic pulp.

The top layer, if it is a fabric, should be very sparse, preferably less than 0.10 0.10 g / cm³ and more preferably less than 0.05, and even 0.02 g / cm³ with a pressure difference of 0.000206 MPa. The cover layer should be the least dense of the layers that form the suction structure according to the invention. The other layers are progressively denser and thus form a density gradient that acts to absorb liquid. The cover layer may be relatively thick compared to conventional suction coverings, but should preferably be less than 0.254 to 0.381 cm at 0.000206 MPa. More preferably, the cover layer should be about 0.025 to 0.127 cm thick at 0.000206 MPa, as the relatively thick cover promotes the comfort of the suction structure when held against the skin,

Near the top layer, inside it and attached to the top layer is a liquid transfer layer. The transfer layer has a part into which the liquid coming from the body is received from the cover layer and is retained until the very dense storage layer is able to absorb said liquid. The transfer layer is preferably denser and has more smaller pores than the top layer. These properties allow the transfer layer to contain liquid from the body and to retain it from the outside of the topsheet, thereby preventing the liquid from rewetting the topsheet and its surface. However, the transfer layer is preferably not so dense as to prevent the passage of liquid through the layer into the storage layer.

The transfer layer may be made of fibrous materials, such as wood cellulose, polyester, rayon, flexible foam (i.e., amino ether, or low retention foam), or the like, or combinations thereof. For example, the transfer layer may be 100% cellulose or may contain cellulose or rayon in a ratio of 97: 3 and

n. 80:20. The transfer layer should have a relatively high water permeability and a pore size distribution that allows it to act as a holding container for the storage layer and should maintain its structural integrity in use so that it does not crack, crack, tear, or easily deform when held.

The transfer layer may also consist of a mixture of wood cellulose and thermoplastic fibers to stabilize the layer and maintain its structural integrity. For example, polyolefin fibers of suitable size and strength, such as sparse polyethylene (such as PULPEX *, available from Hercules Corp.) or bicomponent fibers with a polyethylene or polyester core and a low melting polyolefin backing, or polypropylene, polyvinyl similar. Mixing such fibers with wood pulp or the like increases the durability and integrity of the transfer layer material. The ratio of thermoplastic fiber to cellulose is preferably about 1:99 to 50:50. The ratio is more preferably 3:97 ... 20:80. The fibers of the transfer layer can vary in length from about 0.03 centimeters of wood pulp cellulose to 7.52 centimeters of stabilizing thermoplastic fibers. The fibers are preferably 0.65 to 2.54 cm in length when the nonwoven transfer layer web is intended to be reinforced by thermal gluing at the point of contact of the fibers, although the length of the fiber is not critical if the strength and integrity of the web is maintained.

The basis weight of the web comprising the transfer layer is about 70 gm / m²-200 gm / m². More preferably, the basis weight of the transfer layer should be about 101.73 to 110.21 g / m 2². It is relatively larger than the basis weight of the top layer.

Also, the density of the transfer layer should be higher than the density of the top layer. This increase in density promotes the passage of liquid away from the cover layer and its retention in the transfer layer, thus preventing re-wetting of the cover layer. As a result, the top layer is drier and more comfortable against the skin than if the liquid were to re-wet it. The density should preferably range from 0.02 to 0.10 g / cm³ at 0.00020 MPa. The density should preferably be about 0.04 to 0.08 g / cm³. Most preferably, the density variation should be 0.06-0.08 g / cm³.

The thickness of the transfer layer should be less than 0.50 cm at 0.00020 MPa. It should preferably be about 0.13

- 0.38 cm. Most preferably, the thickness should be about 0.15 to 0.30 cm.

The water permeability of the transfer layer should be at least 0.0365 m³/ m²/ min at 0.00020 MPa. This value is relatively lower than the corresponding value of the cover layer.

The transfer layer should theoretically act as a holding tank for fluids from the body as it passes through the topsheet and awaits access to the storage layer. The storage layer, because of its high fluid retention capacity, may be relatively slow to absorb liquid but it holds it tough. Thus, the transfer layer allows the storage layer to absorb liquid slowly while preventing the liquid from re-wetting the topsheet. This helps to prevent the suction structure from leaking. When glued together, the water permeability of the cover and transfer layer should be at least about 3,048 m³/ m²/ Min.

The transfer layer should be quite wettable and have a basket sink time of less than 2 seconds. Being made of stabilized wood cellulose, as will be described later, the typical pore size distribution of the transfer layer is such that about 10% of the pores have a radius greater than 300 and at least about 50% are less than 300.

The transfer layer may be treated with surfactant on one side or both sides in order to increase its wettability, although generally the transfer layer is relatively hydrophilic and may not require treatment. The transfer layer is preferably glued on both sides to one of the adjacent layers, i.e. the cover layer and the storage layer.

The topsheet and transfer layers can also be made together by using cellulose 97274 fibers of different densities that can be spread on top of each other, compressed together, and allowed to spread. The densest materials are at the bottom of the layer and the rarest materials remain in the part above the layer, resulting in a sparse cover portion and a denser transfer portion.

Attached to and glued to the transfer layer is a liquid storage layer. The storage layer is preferably a very dense suction layer with small pores. It has a high liquid holding capacity and is a very retaining layer. It actually acts as a capillary pump, sucking body fluid out of the transfer layer.

However, the storage layer need not be as absorbent as quickly as the cover and transfer layer. The basket sink time of the storage layer material can be up to 5.0 seconds. The storage layer is preferably less than 0.25 cm thick and more preferably about 0.114 to 0.137 cm at 0.00020 MPa. When made from compressed peat moss board, as described below, the density of the storage layer is typically about 0.20 g / cm³ - 1.0 g / cm³at 0.00020 MPa. Prior to wetting, the average pore size of the dry compressed storage layer should be about 0.5 to 30, preferably 0.5 to about 10. The particle size distribution of the storage layer when wet is such that less than 10% of the pores are larger than 300 μm in radius and at least about 90% of the pores are smaller than 300 μm. If the storage layer is made of a swellable, initially compressed material, the pore sizes change as it receives water, thus the pore size distribution and / or porosity is indicated when the material is wet and dry.

The storage layer should be able to absorb and retain liquid without being able to escape through the layer and so that in normal use the liquid does not flow back to the transfer and cover layers. It should also be very thin, but it should have a great ability to retain fluids.

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The storage layer is most preferably made of compressed peat moss board. Said sheet is made from curd moss according to the processes disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,473,440 and the patents mentioned therein. The sheet may be formed by any of the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent Nos. 4,170,515 (October 9, 1979); 4,226,232 (October 7, 1980), 4,215,692 (August 5, 1980) and 4,507,122 (May 26, 1985), and thereafter the methods disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,473,440 (September 25, 1984).

A usable peat moss sheet in the storage layer of the present invention can be made of a plurality of narrow, longitudinal strips placed side by side and joined together by a unitary fiber portion extending between adjacent strips, as described in co-pending patent application 12. U.S. Department of Justice Catalog No. J & J 1238). The suction structure is preferably made of calendered peat moss mixed with a plurality of fibrous components, as disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,473,440. The fibrous component is suitably a natural or synthetic textile fiber such as rayon, polyester, nylon, acrylic or the like and has a length of about 0.635

- 3.810 cm (preferably about 1.77 cm) and a denier of about 1.0

- 5. The fiber component may be about 22-20% by weight, most preferably 4-9%. The absorbent sheet may also contain other ingredients such as wood cellulose, synthetic pulp, hot milled, machine abrasive cellulose and the like.

The suction structure of the peat moss, being the main suction component, is formed into a sheet using air or wet stacking and is calibrated to give a relatively thin, i.e. about 0.025 to 0.254 cm thick, relatively dense, i.e. about 0.2 to 1.0 g / cm³ plate-like structure. The structure may include a layer of kraft paper laminated to one or both surfaces of the peat moss layer.

The suction plate thus formed is a relatively thin structure resembling the aforementioned U.S. patents.

The absorbent peat moss sheet or other suitable compacted suction structure is treated to increase its flexibility by partially breaking the structure into a plurality of narrow strips which remain interconnected by a fibrous portion integral with the structure. The plate can be suitably broken by passing it through a pair of rollers with a plurality of parallel, spaced ridges or teeth extending circumferentially around the outer surface of the rollers. Said two rollers are adjusted so that the opposing teeth differ from each other without contact, so that when the suction plate passes through the rollers, the alternating strips of the crumbling plate material move relative to each other in the plane of the plate. This transition is sufficient to break the crumbly absorbent material of the board, such as peat moss or wood pulp, and to form the individual strips without cutting or otherwise substantially breaking the fibrous portion of the board.

The partially fractured product comprises a plurality of individual strips of suction plate, the width of which corresponds to the distance between the teeth of the cutting rollers and which are interconnected by a fibrous part extending between the parallel strips. The operation of the fiber part is hinged and the product thus obtained is very flexible transversely while maintaining its transverse structural integrity. However, the partial cutting does not substantially affect the longitudinal bending of the strips, and if said flexibility is desired, the suction plate can be pattern-pressed or microwaved in a generally transverse direction before or after the partial cutting operation.

Partial cutting of the suction plate, in addition to increased flexibility, improves the rate of liquid absorption by increasing the effective surface area of ​​the plate because edge portions of the cutting material are used for the liquid. Partial shear 97274 brings with it shear-like absorbency to the suction plates, as the liquid is preferably absorbed along the slits in the longitudinal direction of the material. By directing the slit-like material in the longitudinal direction of the sanitary napkin or diaper, the possibility of edge run-off of said products is reduced.

The fibrous component, which extends between adjacent strips of absorbent material connecting each other, allows the absorbent portion to be transported rolled and handled during handling and assembly of the absorbent articles.

The improved rate of liquid absorption and directional absorption of the suction part allows said suction part to be used directly as the primary absorbent in the suction products, whereby the said products are unusually thin, or wood and efficient.

Another way to increase the flexibility of a peat moss board is to knit it. This process also increases porosity and reduces liquid absorption time. Said knitting process is described in GB Patent No. 2,162,466.

The peat moss plate has a large number of very small pores and capillary tubes that allow it to absorb and retain an enormous amount of fluid. The peat moss plate swells as it absorbs liquid, however, swelling does not cause it to lose its ability to absorb liquid. Rather, swelling contributes to the ability of the storage layer to generally maintain the structural integrity of the suction structure during use. Peat moss board has the unique ability to dry adjacent materials by continuously drawing moisture away from them over a long period of time, leaving little or no moisture in the materials near it. The sheet can be made thin and flexible if properly treated, such as by partially forming cracks as described above, or by softening as described in U.S. Patent No. 4,605,402 without substantially reducing its fluid 97274 retention capacity. The softening process includes the steps of microwaving the compressed sheet by passing the web through grooved rolls and then pattern-pressing the sheet using the techniques set forth in U.S. Patent No. 3,817,827. Other processes known to those skilled in the art may be used to soften or make the sheet more flexible.

Although the most preferred embodiment of the storage plate is a peat moss plate, there are several highly absorbent and retaining materials useful in the storage layer. For example, cellulose superabsorbent methods such as those described in U.S. Patent No. 4,610,678 (September 9, 1986) or U.S. Patent No. 4,103,062 (July 25, 1978) can serve as a storage layer in accordance with the product of the present invention. Such suction structures contain a mixture of hydrophilic fibers such as wood cellulose-fluffable and water-insoluble hydrogels such as silica gels or crosslinked polymers. The superabsorbent material can be placed in certain parts of the storage layer where it is more sorely needed than in other parts. The superabsorbent material can be centered in the center of the storage layer or at its ends. The suction structure thus obtained can also be cut or softened to make it flexible and suitable for use in the products of the present invention.

Meltblown fiber systems such as that disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,100,324 (July 11, 1978) may also be useful in making the storage layer of the suction structure of the present invention. Another example of a compacted structure that can be used as a storage layer for the suction structure of the present invention is sugar cane pulp. In short, any highly dense, highly absorbent and highly retaining absorbent material that can be made thin and flexible can serve as a material from which a usable storage coil can be made! ί 0Ϊ '';

ros. The storage layer can be formed in three dimensions or in two dimensions according to the manufacturer's wishes. The tightness, pore size and physical properties of such suction structures may differ from those of the peat moss sheet described above, but they nevertheless have the liquid-absorbing and retaining properties required by the storage layer.

The suction structures of the present invention are definitely glued together between all the layers. Bonding not only preserves the physical integrity of the structure but also improves fluid flow between layers. The suction structures of the present invention may be laminated and / or pattern pressed to improve interlayer contact.

However, the gauze layer can be placed between the storage and transfer layer. Said gauze layer may act as a support for the storage layer in cases where parts of the storage layer may fluff or detach from another part of the storage layer.

Figure 3 shows an embodiment of the suction structure of the present invention. On top of the absorbent layer is a high, rather fluffy topsheet 300. The topsheet 300 is glued to the transfer layer 350 with an adhesive 340 sprayed there and there onto the inner surfaces of the topsheet 300, the transfer layer 350, and the storage layer 360. The transfer layer 350 is in turn attached by gluing to the storage layer 360. The storage layer 360 is also glued to the impermeable retention layer 370. The liquid enters the suction structure through the highly porous cover layer 300. The cover layer 300 rapidly transports the liquid to the transfer layer 350. The transfer layer 350 retains the liquid within it until the storage layer 360 is able to absorb the liquid. The adhesive bond 340 keeps the layers close together and makes them more liquid transferable than if the layers were not glued together.

The groove structures of the present invention are useful in sanitary napkins and other body fluid absorbent products. The sanitary napkin products of the present invention are uniquely thin, flexible, absorbent, and comfortable, yet resilient to the compression that occurs in the transverse or X-direction when wet. Such sanitary napkins can be made to conform to the shape of a branch of underwear. They are preferably hourglass-shaped and cover a large part of the surface of the undergarment. However, they can be made in the form suggested by experts in the field.

Because of their flexibility, the sanitary napkins of the present invention follow changes in the three-dimensional shape of underwear when worn. In use, they form a number of fine longitudinal channels, i.e. grooves, which promote fluid transport. The sanitary napkins of the present invention are still surprisingly resilient to transverse tension when exposed to a liquid. This provides a large surface area for receiving the liquid, which can substantially prevent damage.

Known sanitary napkins, on the other hand, tend to become lumpy or rope-like in use and cause transverse folds and large longitudinal folds, resulting in large undesirable voids in the suction portions. This reduces the available surface area. Such accumulation is due to the movement of the groin, which generates forces across the transverse direction of the absorbent material. Accumulation creates pockets or channels that direct fluid away from the central suction system and leak fluid from the dressing into the wearer's underwear or body. However, the sanitary napkins of the present invention are resilient to agglomeration or ropeing, although they are able to adapt to the movements of underwear.

A preferred embodiment of the sanitary napkin of the present invention is shown in Figures 1 and 2. The sanitary napkin of the invention includes a very fluffy and high topsheet 10. Adjacent to and bonded to the topsheet 10 is a fluid transfer layer 20. The transfer layer 20 consists of a nonwoven, denser textile as described above. The transfer layer 20 may be glued to the cover 10 with a pressure-sensitive adhesive, a thermosetting adhesive, a hot melt adhesive, or the like, which may be applied to the surface of the layers or applied by pressing. Alternatively, the cover and transfer layer 20 may include thermoplastic fibers that can be heat exposed and melted to form joints between the layers.

Very close to and adhered to the transfer layer 20 is a liquid storage layer 30. The storage layer 30 is preferably rectangular in shape and is substantially parallel to the longitudinal axis of the dressing. However, the storage layer 30 is preferably not terminated with respect to the longitudinal end 40 of the cover layer 10 and is not terminated with respect to the longitudinal ends 45 of the transfer layer 20. This structure is intended to substantially prevent damage from the end by preventing contact between the liquid-containing portion of the dressing and the end of the dressing, thus allowing the liquid to flow in and remain in the storage layer, although this is not substantially critical. This structure is also preferred on the sides 50 of the dressing. Optionally, the storage layer 30 is connected by gluing the permeable 30 to the impermeable barrier layer 70. The barrier layer 70 is glued to the cover layer 10 around the edge of the bandage. A thin edge seal is preferably formed between the edge of the transfer layer 20 and the extreme edge of the barrier layer and the cover layers so as to form a liquid retainer. The area outside the edge35 seal, which can be obtained by heat, ultrasonic or mechanical device, can be glued using a compression glue or the like.

The sanitary napkins of the present invention optionally have relatively small protrusions 60 extending outwardly from their longitudinal edges. Such protrusions 60 do not extend more than one third of the length of the side edge 50 of the bandage, i.e. the length aa would be less than one third of the length bb. These protrusions should not have absorbent material from the storage or transfer layers to extend beyond their surface, although the cover may optionally be as far as the protrusions 60. The function of the protrusions is only to secure the bandage to the undergarment on the sides 50 of the bandage. If the cover material is as far-reaching as the protrusions, it can facilitate the migration of liquid away from the side areas and facilitate the process.

The sanitary napkins of the invention may be attached to a branch of an undergarment with adhesives such as hot melt adhesives or the like. Said adhesives can be applied to the bottom of the blocking part of the suction structure in various designs, including complete adhesive coverage, parallel longitudinal lines, several parallel horizontal lines, an adhesive line following the perimeter of the structure crosswise, or the like. Velcro fasteners (velcro sticker) can be used at the longitudinal ends of the bandage to attach it to underwear or glue protrusions can be placed on the sides and / or at any corner of the structure. Alternatively, the sanitary napkin of the invention may be attached to a belt that extends around the wearer's waist.

Figures 4 and 5 show further embodiments of sanitary napkins of the invention. Figure 4 shows a bandage with slightly rounded side ends. Figure 5 illustrates a bandage with no protrusions on its longitudinal sides.

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Sanitary napkins made in accordance with the present invention should have little or no fluid retraction, i.e., menstrual bleeding, once absorbed, should not return to the surface of the dressing.

The thickness of the sanitary napkins of the invention, measured in the z-direction, should not be greater than about 0.635 cm when dry at 0.00021 MPa. It should preferably be less than 0.50 cm thick. When a peat moss board is used as a storage layer, the thickness should not be more than about 1.16 cm when wet, because the peat moss board expands as it gets wet. If another type of storage layer is used, the thickness should not exceed 1.16 cm when wet. Once the sanitary napkin of the invention has been made and glued together, the entire bandage (or alternatively but less preferably only the cover) can be pattern pressed using a pattern that extends along the longitudinal axis of the bandage. The compression pattern can, of course, be of any shape, such as rectilinear, wavy, or any pattern, as long as it is oriented in the longitudinal direction. Said compression pattern promotes the spread of the liquid not only in the z-direction but also in the longitudinal direction.

The theoretical water retention capacity of the sanitary napkins of the present invention (as measured by the gravimetric absorption test system of U.S. Patent No. 4,357,827) should be at least 65 cm³ and preferably at least about 75 cm³ 1% saline. The force required to effect the lateral initial deformation of the sanitary napkin of the invention should not exceed about 200 g when the bandage is dry, and not more than 250 g when the bandage is wet, although the force may exceed 400 g when dry if the storage layer is not treated to make it more flexible. The storage layers can be made much more flexible by the treatment.

The degree of force required to bend the bandage according to the invention at a distance of 1.5 cm in the z-direction should not exceed 50 g when dry and no more than 55 g when wet. This force should preferably not exceed 35 g when wet and less than 30 g when wet.

The degree of torque required by the sanitary napkin of the invention when bent 90 ° about its longitudinal or y-axis should not be greater than about 200 gcm when dry and no more than 315 g-cm when wet, although it may be greater if the storage layer is not treated to make it more flexible. It is preferably less than 120 g-cm when dry and less than 200 g-cm when wet.

The following examples illustrate certain preferred embodiments of the invention. However, they do not limit the invention in any way.

Example 1

The sanitary napkin according to the invention was prepared by gluing together the following parts: 1) 100% Enka-branded polyester fiber-containing, nonwoven carded web with a fiber denier of 3, a fiber length of 4.31 cm; a nonwoven web having a basis weight of 16.86 g / m 2², made by unobstructed air-permeable gluing; 2) a liquid transfer layer made of air-glued stabilized cellulose (10% two-component Enkaa^R,

60 % rayon, 80% cellulose, 4% Naca anion vinyl acrylic copolymer binder); 3) a storage layer of creped, partially torn peat moss board and 4) an impermeable barrier layer made of polyethylene. The layers were glued together using thin hot melt strips, a compression glue that was printed on top of the layers. This adhesive can be sprayed as long as the adhesive strips are thin enough so that they do not adversely affect flexibility. The cover and polyethylene retainer were glued around the perimeter of the dressing using glue and allowing heat and pressure to act. The entire structure was laminated and ilifiS lii »lii pattern pressed at a temperature of about 104.4 ° C and a pressure of about 0.689 MPa. The structure was then patterned along the longitudinal axis using a pattern with several sinusoidal lines.

The pore size distribution of each layer was measured by desorption on a pore plate. The pore size distribution was determined by measuring the amount of desorbed liquid at a specific hydrostatic pressure. This can be done using the device disclosed in U.S. Patent No. 4,357,827. The amount of desorbed liquid at different pressures can be correlated according to the Laplace formula, p = 2 cos0 / R_cwhere p is the capillary pressure is the surface tension of the liquid, 0 is the contact angle at the liquid-air interface and R_c is a capillary radius. The height of the capillary rise can be obtained by dividing the pressure p by the density of the liquid and the gravity g. This process is explained in more detail in Absorbency. Chatterjee, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV,

1985, p. 36-40. The distribution of results is shown in Table IA.

The liquid dissipation of the bandage parts of this example was measured by placing them at an angle of 90 ° to the horizontal with their ends immersed in water. The perpendicular distance along which the water was absorbed was measured after 5 minutes, 30 minutes, 1 hour and 2 hours. The results are shown in Table IB. Table IB shows that the top layer is not very conductive, the transfer layer is somewhat conductive, while the storage layer is highly conductive.

Example 2

The bandage portions of Example 1 were measured in the z-direction and their densities were calculated at four pressure levels, 0.00021 MPa (= 0.03 psi), 0.0006895 MPa (= 0.10 psi), 0.001379 MPa (= 0.20 psi) and 0.003447 MPa (= 0.50 psi). The thicknesses and densities of each layer are shown in Table II. The total thickness of the sanitary napkin of Example 1 at 0.00021 MPa is about 0.40 cm.

Example 3

The thickness of the sanitary napkin prepared according to Example 1 was measured dry at four pressure values, 0.00021 MPa (= 0.03 psi), 0.0006895 MPa (= 0.10 psi), 0.001379 MPa (= 0.20 psi) and 0.003447 MPa (= 0.50 psi). Three other health protection products were also measured at these values ​​as follows: STAYFREE * brand Maxipads (large bandage), Personal Products CO., ALWAYS *, Maxipads (large bandage), the Procter & Gamble Co. and STAYFREE *, Minipads, Personal

Products Co. These swabs were then completely moistened with water and their thicknesses were measured at different pressure values. The measured dry and wet thicknesses are shown in Table III. This test measured dry z-direction deformability and pressure-induced wet assembly. Throughout the period, the protective dressings are considerably thicker than those shown in Example 1, both wet and dry. STAYFREE * Mini and Maxipads and ALWAYS * Maxipads easily collapse when wet, as can be seen in Table III. However, the bonds of Example 1 swell and retain their structure wet.

Example 4

A gravimetric absorption test was performed on various sanitary products to express their theoretical water retention capacity. The test procedure is outlined in Absorbency. (PK Chatterjee, Elsevier Science Publishers, BV, 1985, p. 67) and U.S. Patent No. 4,357,827. The results of this test are shown in Table IV. The theoretical water retention capacity of the product prepared according to Example 1 was about 83 cm³ that is, about 10 times its weight in water, of the same or nearly the same order of magnitude as the STAYFREE * Maxipad and ALWAYS * Maxipad, which pulled about 12 times their corresponding weight. However, the product shown in Example 1 is considerably thinner than commercial large bindings. Theoretical water retention capacity of other sanitary products, including LIGHTDAYS * panty liner.

sa t ai »;

97272, available from Kimberley-Clark Co., CAREFREE * panty liner, Personal Products Co. and SURE & NATURAL *, Maxishield (high protection), Personal Products Co., were also tested.

Example 5

An initial deformation test of the side compression to measure the amount of force required in the x-direction to initiate the deformation of the dressing was performed to determine the x-direction resistance to deformation of various sanitary protection products. In this test, the sanitary napkin was held in the press structure shown in Figure 6. The jaws 50.55 of the press were then brought towards each other at a speed of 50 mm / min and the force initially required to create a bend in the sanitary napkin was measured using an Instron tes15 backing device (Tensioning and pressing device). Measurements were first made using various dry sanitary protection products. 15 cm³ surrogate menstrual fluid was fed to the center of the dressings and retested. The results of this test are shown in Table V. Table V shows that in the dry compression tests, the sanitary napkin of Example 1 easily loses its shape at first and can therefore easily adapt to the wearer's movements and underwear. However, when wet, the force required to effect the initial deformation increases, thus demonstrating that the product of Example 1 resists assembly when wet, thus maintaining its resilience and structural integrity.

Example 6

A dry bending test requiring a certain force for a certain amount of z-direction deformation was performed

To determine the degree of elasticity of the products of Example 1 compared to other full-time protection products. The equipment used to perform this test is shown in Figure 8. The sanitary protection product is on arms 60 which are 6.4 cm apart. Each stem is 0.6 cm thick. The head 65 is brought down against the bandage to change its shape at a speed of 50 mm / min. Various bandages were tested both wet and dry. The deformation distance is measured as well as the force required to achieve said degree of deformation. The required load was measured using an Instron tester. The results of this example are shown in Tables VIA and VIB. The elasticity is indeed in the order of magnitude of small, thin trouser cover type products. This z-direction elasticity remains wet.

Example 7

An elastic compression test was performed to determine the conformability of the bandages of Example 1. The results of this test indicate that the products of the present invention are significantly more adaptable and flexible, both wet and dry, than any other commercial dressing tested. Convex, groin-shaped molds 70 were placed on the longitudinal sides of each bandage 75 without applying force to the bandage, as shown in Figure 9. The initial force required to compress the dry dressing at a head speed of 14 rpm from 2.5 orifices to 1 orifice was measured using an Instron Tester. 15 cm was then fed into the middle of the bandage³surrogate menstrual fluid and compression movement were continued. The results of this test are shown in Table VII. All of the bandages, except those made according to Example 1, showed a reduction in the amount of force required to compress the bandage without breaking it. For the dressings of Example 1, the product showed an increase in compressive strength when wet. All other products have a reduction in compressive strength. Thus, the bandage of the present invention is or wooden, but still retains its resilience when wet. Example 8

A tensile test was performed to determine the tensile strength required to twist the bandage about its longitudinal axis by 90 ° both wet and dry. Example 1 1 bandage showed the ability to retain its elasticity and itself

II ift tm, _t,, matter, add it when wet. The bandages were pressed into a wire press at the longitudinal end of each, as shown in Figure 7. Each press had an expansion, one of which was on a scale. The second extension could be used to twist the bandage 90 ° clockwise about its longitudinal axis. The scale shows the force required to twist the bandage. As shown in Table VIII, the bandage of Example 1 required significantly more force to twist it wet than dry. This means that the bandage does become more elastic when wet and tends to resist lumping and twisting in use.

Example 9

The wet background properties of various sanitary products were subjected to a wet background test. 15 cm was placed in the middle of the sanitary napkin³ korvikekuukautisnestettä. After 15 minutes, a round piece of 4.5 cm diameter NUGAUZE * nonwoven rayon fabric, Johnson & Johnson Ltd., was placed at the point where the liquid was placed.

A piece of plastic was placed on top of the bandage and a weight of 500 g, also 4.5 cm in diameter, was placed on a gauze cloth for 5 minutes. After five minutes, the weight, plastic and gauze were removed, the gauze was weighed and the amount of liquid absorbed by the gauze was determined. The dressing prepared according to Example 1 received the least amount of liquid to rewet the gauze. The results of this test are shown in Table IX.

Example 10

The impact test was performed with several sanitary napkins, including the dressing prepared according to Example 1. The bandages were held at a 45 degree angle to the horizontal. Substitute menstrual fluid was applied 25 cm³ oblique ties. Each dressing was weighed to determine the fluid they retained. STAYFREE ™, a standard large bandage with a modified messy fibrous polyester cover, retained cm³; STAYFREE ™, a standard large bandage with a perforated fiber cover (165 holes per square inch), retained 13 cm³; the bandage prepared according to Example 1 retained 22 cm³; ALWAYS ™ large bandage arrested 25 cm³, SURE & NATURAL ™ Maxi guard, arrested 17 cm³.

Example 11

According to Example 1, a sanitary napkin was prepared except that the storage layer was a 4 gram softened peat moss filler and not so much a partially torn, creped sheet. After testing its absorption properties, the sanitary napkin of this example had only traces of wet background after wetting the 15 ml menstrual replacement. The 45 ° impact capacity was 22 cm³. The theoretical water retention capacity of 8.00 g in the sample was 81 cm³. The dry sample was 0.219 cm thick and when wet 0.779 cm thick. Testing of physical properties revealed that the dry sample was 0.215 cm thick at 0.00021 MPa (= 0.03 psi), 0.289 cm at 0.0006895 MPa (= 0.10 psi), 0.264 cm at 0.001379 MPa (= 0 , 20 psi) and 0.231 cm at 0.0.03447 MPa (= 0.50 psi). After side pressing, the initial deformation peak was 194 g dry and 207 g wet. The dry bending test showed that the load required to change the shape of the 0.5 cm bandage was 15 g; To change the shape of the 1.0 bandage it was 24 g, to change the shape of the 1.5 cm bandage it was 26 g. When wet, the load required to change the shape of the 0.5 cm bandage was 37 g, the force required to change the shape of the 1.0 cm bandage was 47 g, and the force required to change the shape of the 1.5 cm bandage was 51 g. The elastic compression test indicated that a force of 0.59 kg was required to compress the dry bond and a force of 0.55 g was required to compress the wet bond. A torque of 282 g · cm was required to twist the dressing 90 ° when moistened.

Example 12

According to Example 1, a sanitary napkin was prepared except that the storage layer comprised a pair of compressed sei97274 pulp sheet filler, SURE & NATURAL ™ Maxishield, with a highly absorbent material instead of a creped, partial slit plate. After testing the absorption-related properties, the sanitary napkin of this example contained 0.06 g of wet base fluid when moistened with 15 milliliters of menstrual fluid. The 45 ° compressibility was 20 cm³. The theoretical water retention capacity of 9.21 g per sample was 81 cm³. The dry sample was 0.35 cm thick and wet 0.79 cm. Testing of the physical properties showed that the dry sample was 0.35 cm thick at 0.00020 MPa, 0.315 cm at 0.0006 MPa, 0.29 cm at 0.0012 MPa, and 0.25 cm at 0.00344 MPa. After side pressing, the initial deformation was 429 g dry and 165 g wet. The dry bending test showed that the load required to deform the 0.5 cm bandage was 33 g; To change the shape of the 1.0 cm bandage it was 57 g, the 1.5 cm bandage was 68 g, respectively. When the bandage was wet, the load required to change the shape of the 0.5 cm bandage was 23 g, for a 1.0 cm bandage it was 28 g, for a 1.5 cm bandage 30 g. The resilience-compression test showed that 2.86 kg of force was required to compress the dry bond and 0.94 kg of force was required to compress the wet bond. It took 316 gcm of torque to twist the bandage 90 ° when wet. If this sheet were partially softened or grooved or otherwise treated to provide flexibility, it would have more flexibility.

Example 13

Various coating materials that may be suitable for the products of the present invention were tested for their water permeability by constructing a plug from the coating material. The plug was used and subjected to a pressure difference of about 0.00116 MPa to obtain a uniform flow through the plate and plug. The water permeability was then calculated using Darcy's law, q = -KP / Lo, where q is the volume deflection in the direction of flow, P is the net pressure head causing the flow, and L_o is the length of the sample in the direction of flow. K is a constant constant representing the flow conductivity of the porous substance to the liquid.

Sample 1 had No ^R a polyester fiber cover having a basis weight of about 10.346 g / m 2³, density 0.035 g / cm³ and a thickness of 0.635 cm. Sample 2 tested a two-component Enkä fiber wrapper with a basis weight of about 21.36 g / m². Sample 3 had a 100% thermally bonded polypropylene fiber cover having a basis weight of about 17.97 g / m², a density of about 0.191 g / m³ and about 0.022 cm thick. Sample 4 had a perforated fiber cover with 165 openings per square inch. Sample 5 was a CAREFREE * panty liner. Sample 6 was a fibrous polyethylene cover for the STAYFREE * high bond and Sample 7 was an ALWAYS * high bond cover; sample 8 was LIGHTDAYS * panty liner, sample 9 was STAYFREE * panty liner, and sample 10 was SURE & NATURAL maxi liner. An increasing number of corrugations were measured to determine multi-fold permeability. The results of this test are shown in Table X. Table X shows that Samples 1-3 with the coatings of the invention have a very high liquid permeability, i.e. 18.288 m³/ m²/ Min.

Pore ​​size assays were performed using Samples 1 and 3. The results of these assays are shown in Table XA.

Example 14

Suitable for use in the transfer layers of the absorbent structure of the present invention were tested for their water permeability in Example 14. As Example X, 94% stabilized cellulose, 6% rayon web having a basis weight of about 111.903 g / m 2 was tested.², (i.e. 110 g / m²) at a density of 0.035 g / cm³ and a thickness of 0.304 cm. The water permeability of sample X was 1,036 m³/ m²/ Min.

Sample Y was 100% Kraft wood grinding web with a basis weight of approx. ³10 g / m², density about 0.035 g / cm³ and a thickness of about 0.314 cm. The water permeability of sample Y was about 7.741 m³/ m²/ Min.

ärtli it t ut

Sample Z was an air-conditioned cellulosic web containing 80% cellulose and 20% Pulpex * (hot melt fibers, commercially available from Hercules Corp.). Sample Z had a basis weight of about 110 g / m 2², density 0.092 g / cm³ and a thickness of 0.302 cm. The water permeability of sample Z was about 5,384 m³/ m²/ Min.

The wettability of samples X, Y and Z was also tested using a sink basket. The basket fall time of sample X was

1.5 sec. The basket time for sample Y was 1.2 sec. The basket fall time of sample Z was 2.0 sec.

The 90 ° migration test of samples X, Y and Z was also performed. Sample X ran 4.5 cm in length, sample Y

5.5 cm and sample Z 3.5 cm.

Pore ​​size determinations using the pore plate method were performed on samples X, Y, and Z. The results of this test are shown in Table XI.

The absorption system of the present invention is, of course, useful in many absorption products known to those skilled in the art. The absorption system of the invention can be used in infant and adult diapers, adult restraint products, wound dressings, and the like.

TABLE IA

HUOKOSKOKOMÄÄRITYS

<td>Height (Cm)</td><td>pore radius (microns)</td><td>Casing</td><td>Transfer</td><td>Preservation</td>

<td> -1</td><td> &lt;1470</td><td> 26,6 %</td><td> 5 %</td><td> 1,5 %</td>

<td> -5</td><td> 1470-295</td><td> 55,3 %</td><td> 17,8 %</td><td> 6,2 %</td>

<td> -10</td><td> 295-147</td><td> 18,1 %</td><td> 37,6 %</td><td> 11,7 %</td>

<td> -20</td><td> 147- 74</td><td></td><td> 27,8 %</td><td> 29,3 %</td>

<td> -25</td><td> 74- 59</td><td></td><td> 3,0 %</td><td> 5,2 *</td>

<td> -40</td><td> 59- 37</td><td></td><td> 5,0 %</td><td> 9,2 %</td>

<td> &lt;-40</td><td> &lt;37</td><td></td><td> 3,8 %</td><td> 36,9 %</td>

TABLE IB

90 ° MOVEMENT TEST

<td>Rise vs.</td><td>Casing-</td><td>Transfer-</td><td>Preservation-</td>

<td>time (cm)</td><td>floor (cm)</td><td>floor (cm)</td><td>floor (cm)</td>

<td>5 min</td><td> &lt; 0,5</td><td>3 (pulp) 5 (rayon)</td><td> 9,0</td>

<td>30 min</td><td> &lt; 0,5</td><td>3 (pulp) 5 (rayon)</td><td> 15,5</td>

<td>1 h</td><td> &lt; 0,5</td><td>3 (pulp) 5 (rayon)</td><td> 20,0</td>

<td>2 h</td><td> &lt; 0,5</td><td>3 (pulp) 5 (rayon)</td><td> 23,5</td>

TABLE II

THICKNESS AND DENSITY OF PRODUCT COMPONENTS AT DIFFERENT PRESSURES

Top layer Transfer layer Storage layer

<td>Square end of.</td><td colspan="2">20 g / m²</td><td colspan="2">105 g / m²</td><td colspan="2">400 g / m²</td>

<td>Pressure</td><td>Thickness</td><td>Density</td><td>Thickness</td><td>(Density)</td><td colspan="2">Thickness Density</td>

<td>MPa</td><td>cm</td><td>g / cm²</td><td>cm</td><td>g / cm²</td><td></td><td>g / cm²</td>

<td> 10 0.00021</td><td> 0,063</td><td> (0,035)</td><td> 0,170</td><td> (0,068)</td><td> 0,167</td><td> (0,240)</td>

<td> 0,00068</td><td> 0,053</td><td> (0,041)</td><td> 0,147</td><td> (0,079)</td><td> 0,154</td><td> (0,260)</td>

<td> 0,00136</td><td> 0,045</td><td> (0,048)</td><td> 0,137</td><td> (0,085)</td><td> 0,147</td><td> (0,280)</td>

<td> 0,00344</td><td> 0,033</td><td> (0,067)</td><td> 0,114</td><td> (0,102)</td><td> 0,129</td><td> (0,310)</td>

TABLE III

<td>&lt;*&gt; 8 · s / w</td><td>K CD CD ta Cu s E · C/O</td><td>Ό id a rl G B 2</td><td>Dry Wet</td><td colspan="2">σι in σι * b ιο C/O c/o C/O No '</td><td>in ID s K m CM i — 1 i — 1 i.e. '</td><td>ID i.e. ω s M · ID CM M · ID</td><td>C/O C/O ID * C/O C/O s σ «k</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>ID</td><td>s</td>

<td>a</td><td></td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td>O</td><td>iD</td><td>C/O</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>AC</td><td></td><td></td><td>Oh</td><td></td><td>o</td><td>in</td><td>σ</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>L</td><td></td><td>b</td><td></td><td>s</td><td> &gt;.</td>

<td>S</td><td></td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>ID</td><td>M ·</td><td>i-l</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td></td><td>ι-1</td><td> 1—1</td><td>R-L</td><td>I-l</td>

<td> *</td><td> «</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> &lt;</td><td>C/O</td><td> (0</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>m</td><td>C/O</td><td>σ</td><td>t?</td>

<td>ha</td><td>Ϊ *</td><td>a</td><td> &gt;</td><td></td><td>o</td><td>i.e.</td><td>o</td><td>C/O</td>

<td></td><td> &lt;</td><td>-rl</td><td>-rl</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>σ</td><td>i-l</td>

<td> 1</td><td>s</td><td>X</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td>b</td><td>b</td><td></td><td>b</td>

<td> &lt;</td><td>ij</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td></td><td>IS</td><td>ID</td><td>M &lt;</td><td>C/O</td>

<td> &gt;</td><td> &lt;</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>i-1</td><td>i-l</td><td>cH</td><td>il</td>

<td>B g</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό ·</td><td>σ</td><td></td><td>CM</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td>in</td><td>i-1</td><td>σ</td><td>CM</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Oh</td><td></td><td>i-l</td><td>in</td><td>o</td><td>σ</td>

<td>ω</td><td> *</td><td></td><td>k</td><td></td><td>b</td><td></td><td></td><td>b</td>

<td>Q</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td>ID</td><td>in</td><td> &lt;·</td><td>o</td>

<td>B</td><td>CD</td><td>Ό</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td>i-l</td><td>i-l</td><td>il</td><td>il</td>

<td>CD</td><td>K</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>Fi</td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> £</td><td> &gt;·</td><td>• rl</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>O</td><td>t-L</td><td>in</td><td>in</td>

<td>O</td><td> &lt;</td><td>X</td><td> &gt;</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>ID</td>

<td>p</td><td>No</td><td>ra</td><td>•B</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>in</td><td>CM</td><td></td>

<td>B</td><td>C/O</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td>b</td><td>b</td><td></td><td></td>

<td> &lt;</td><td></td><td></td><td>ϋ</td><td></td><td>σι</td><td>IS</td><td>ID</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>hs</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>i-l</td><td> 1—1</td><td>I-I</td><td> 1—1</td>

<td>O</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>C/O</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>B</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td>eh</td><td></td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>in</td><td>o</td><td>CM</td>

<td>No</td><td></td><td></td><td>Oh</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>CD</td><td></td><td></td><td>M</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>O</td><td></td><td>CM</td>

<td>CD</td><td></td><td></td><td> 30</td><td></td><td> «.</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>K</td>

<td>e *</td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td></td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td>ID</td><td>in</td>

<td>B &lt;9,</td><td>tl</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> 3</td><td> •</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>o</td><td>i-l</td><td>r »</td><td>Γ-</td>

<td>C/O</td><td>ε</td><td></td><td> &gt;</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>in</td><td>σ</td><td>ΙΟ</td>

<td></td><td>•B</td><td></td><td>•B</td><td></td><td>in</td><td>CM</td><td>σ</td><td>ID</td>

<td></td><td>C/O</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>V</td><td>K</td><td>b</td>

<td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>ac</td><td></td><td>C/O</td><td>C/O</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I-I</td><td>C/O</td><td>ID</td><td>M ·</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>ID</td><td>C/O</td><td>'ί</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>O</td><td>O</td><td>il</td><td>C/O</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>G</td><td></td><td>O</td><td>o</td><td>O</td><td>O</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>-rl</td><td>ra</td><td>O</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>O</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ra</td><td>a</td><td>«b</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>K</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>a</td><td> 2</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td>

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Ä

X

<td>c #&gt;</td><td>e * »</td><td> &lt;#&gt;</td><td> &lt;*&gt;</td><td> &lt;*&gt;</td><td> &lt;#»</td><td> &lt;*»</td>

<td>C</td><td>• S '</td><td>C/O</td><td></td><td>• S '</td><td></td><td>C/O</td>

<td> *.</td><td>K</td><td></td><td></td><td>K</td><td></td><td> *</td>

<td>C/O</td><td>es</td><td>vO</td><td>LO</td><td>C/O</td><td>VO</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>C/O</td><td>es</td><td>C/O</td><td></td><td>in</td><td>ί-1</td><td>es</td>

THEORETICAL WATER RETENTION CAPACITY Thickness Tonnage

CO e co co

O CO es

VO

C/O

VO

CO and ω -s · cs ^

<td>O «J Oji</td><td>OV</td><td>o</td><td>C/O</td><td>in</td><td>es</td><td>o</td><td>es</td>

<td>OL</td><td>s</td><td>OV</td><td> 1—1</td><td>σ&gt;</td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>VO</td>

<td> «40</td><td>, ί</td><td>in</td><td>es</td><td>O</td><td>es</td><td>C/O</td><td>C/O</td>

<td> 02</td><td>s,</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td></td><td>K</td><td></td><td> *</td>

<td></td><td>o</td><td>O</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td>

<td>il (0</td><td></td><td> \</td><td> \</td><td> \</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td> &gt;</td><td> &lt;0</td><td>O</td><td>es</td><td>o</td><td>c/o</td><td>C/O</td><td> 1—1</td>

<td>(0-rl</td><td>es</td><td>VO</td><td>s ·</td><td>o</td><td>i.e.</td><td>S '</td><td>c/o</td>

<td>a G</td><td>s</td><td>i.e.</td><td> (0</td><td>f-1</td><td> 1—1</td><td>i- (</td><td>es</td>

<td> 2«</td><td></td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td></td><td> *</td><td>K</td><td> *</td>

<td></td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td><td>o</td>

I m

• rt (0

G o

o

O) o

e

H (0 a

<td colspan="2"></td><td>in</td><td>C/O</td><td>es</td><td>o</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>o</td><td>O</td><td>C/O</td><td>o</td><td>I do not</td><td>VO</td><td>of</td>

<td></td><td>K</td><td></td><td>K</td><td></td><td>K</td><td> *.</td>

<td> 1—1</td><td>o</td><td>C/O</td><td>es</td><td> 1—1</td><td> 00</td><td>IS</td>

<td>i-l</td><td> 1—1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> (0</td><td> (0</td><td></td><td>K</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>• ii</td><td>t)</td><td></td><td></td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td> &lt;</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>G</td><td>G</td><td></td><td>K</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>* CO</td><td>C/O</td><td>i-l</td><td>G)</td>

<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ra g</td><td>G</td><td></td><td>EO</td>

<td></td><td></td><td>• k</td><td>&gt; n</td><td>* CO</td><td>M</td><td>C &lt;-1</td>

<td>ω</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>CG</td><td>ω g</td><td>X</td><td>2Φ</td>

<td>WO</td><td>* Ό</td><td>BO</td><td>QO</td><td>ω o</td><td>X</td><td>-rl</td>

<td>K 10</td><td>ra to</td><td>ta &lt;o</td><td>JC</td><td>taxi service</td><td>B</td><td>t »X3</td>

<td>wa</td><td>&gt; A *</td><td>BQ</td><td>HG</td><td>Cu G</td><td> 0)</td><td>C/O</td>

<td>&gt; I-rl</td><td>CM</td><td>^ • rl</td><td>K. *</td><td>wa</td><td>ε</td><td>WM</td>

<td>&lt;X</td><td>SX</td><td>CC</td><td> 0*</td><td>tax</td><td>• rl</td><td>ta x</td>

<td>No (0</td><td>W &lt;0</td><td>EIH</td><td>HH</td><td>CM</td><td>C/O</td><td>z&gt; to</td>

<td>W2</td><td> &lt;2</td><td>w2</td><td>JCB</td><td>UCU</td><td>ω</td><td>w2</td>

TABLE V

INITIAL DEFORMATION PEAK (Side Compression)

Dry pressing Wet pressing

ALWAYS * Maxipad STAYFREE * Maxipad

Example 1

STAYFREE * Minipad LIGHTDAYS * Panty liner CAREFREE * Panty liner SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield

<td>g</td><td>ie 3 15 cm</td>

<td> 709</td><td> 603</td>

<td> 565</td><td> 426</td>

<td> 152</td><td> 200</td>

<td> 113</td><td> 88</td>

<td> 88</td><td> 148</td>

<td> 54</td><td> 65</td>

<td> 290</td><td> 224</td>

Leech

TABLE VI

DRY BENDING TEST (Deformation vs. load)

<td>Deformation (cm)</td><td> 0</td><td> 0,5</td><td>Ld</td>

<td>CAREFREE * Panty cover a</td><td> 0</td><td> 9</td><td> 14</td>

<td>LIGHTDAYS * Little trouser cover</td><td> 0</td><td> 14</td><td> 22</td>

<td>Example 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 21</td><td> 30</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Minipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 21</td><td> 29</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Maxipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 55</td><td> 90</td>

<td>ALWAYS * Maxipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 64</td><td> 114</td>

<td>SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield</td><td> 0</td><td> 24</td><td> 55</td>

TABLE VIB

WET BENDING TEST (Deformation vs. load)

<td>Deformation (cm)</td><td> 0</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 1/</td>

<td>CAREFREE * panty liner</td><td> 0</td><td> 9</td><td> 12</td>

<td>LIGHTDAYS * panty liner</td><td> 0</td><td> 53</td><td> 64</td>

<td>Example 1</td><td> 0</td><td> 16</td><td> 20</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Minipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 23</td><td> 29</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Maxipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 58</td><td> 89</td>

<td>ALWAYS * Maxipad</td><td> 0</td><td> 91</td><td> 142</td>

<td>SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield</td><td> 0</td><td> 36</td><td> 51</td>

TABLE VII

GIVE-TEST PRESSING

<td></td><td>Dry</td><td>Wet</td>

<td></td><td>kg</td><td>kg</td>

<td>ALWAYS * Maxipad</td><td> 4,00</td><td> 1,98</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Maxipad</td><td> 2,91</td><td> 1,54</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Minipad</td><td> 2,09</td><td> 1,41</td>

<td>LIGHTDAYS * Panty protection</td><td> 1,99</td><td> 1,80</td>

<td>CAREFREE * Panty cover a</td><td> 1,50</td><td> 1,09</td>

<td>Example 1</td><td> 0,50</td><td> 0,53</td>

<td>SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield</td><td> 1,83</td><td> 0,89</td>

TABLE VIII TENSION TEST (90 °)

<td>Torque (g cm)</td><td>Dry</td><td>Wet</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Maxipad</td><td> 479</td><td> 508</td>

<td>ALWAYS * Maxipad</td><td> 338</td><td> 367</td>

<td>STAYFREE * Minipad</td><td> 110</td><td> 125</td>

<td>Example 1</td><td> 112</td><td> 190</td>

<td>LIGHTDAYS * Panty protection</td><td> 54</td><td> 51</td>

<td>CAREFREE * Panty protection</td><td> 42</td><td> 37</td>

<td>SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield</td><td> 282</td><td> 205</td>

Product

MÄRKÄTAUSTAKOE

Amount sucked (cm

STAYFREE * Maxipad 0.38 (Polyester cover)

STAYFREE * Maxipad 0.40 (Perforated fiber cover)

ALWAYS * Maxipad 0.01

Example 1 Imprint

LIGHTDAYS Panty liner 0.20 (3 cm ^ accumulation)

NEW FREEDOM * Thin Pad 0.16

SURE &amp; NATURAL * Maxishield Imprint

TABLE X

COVER TRANSPARENCY (m³/ m²/ min less than 0.00117 MPa)

Number of folds

<td>Sample</td><td> 1</td><td> 2</td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td>

<td> 1</td><td> 83,6</td><td> 74,2</td><td> 62,9</td><td> 54,9</td><td> —</td>

<td> 2</td><td> 66,8</td><td> 56,1</td><td> 45,5</td><td> 40,9</td><td> 34,3</td>

<td> 3</td><td> 60,2</td><td> 46,6</td><td> 34,6</td><td> 28,3</td><td> 22,8</td>

<td> 4</td><td> 54,0</td><td> 30,1</td><td> 15,6</td><td> 12,3</td><td> —</td>

<td> 5</td><td> 51,5</td><td> 44,7</td><td> 37,0</td><td> 34,8</td><td> 24,2</td>

<td> 6</td><td> 49,7</td><td> 37,6</td><td> 27,2</td><td> 20,2</td><td> 15,7</td>

<td> 7</td><td> 49,7</td><td> 26,1</td><td> 19,5</td><td> 10,7</td><td> 9,35</td>

<td> 8</td><td> 49,4</td><td> 32,6</td><td> 25,6</td><td> 18,7</td><td> 13,4</td>

<td> 9</td><td> 44,6</td><td> 27,6</td><td> 20,2</td><td> 14,0</td><td> 10,2</td>

<td> 10</td><td> 41,7</td><td> 24,0</td><td> 13,6</td><td> 8,46</td><td> 6,75</td>

TABLE XA

COVER SIZE DETERMINATION (Wet)

Pore ​​radius Sample 1 (mm)

Sample 2

<td> &gt; 1470</td><td></td><td> 26,6</td><td> %</td><td> 0,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 1470 -</td><td> 735</td><td> 15,5</td><td> %</td><td> 0,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 735 -</td><td> 490</td><td> 15,5</td><td> %</td><td> 3,0</td><td> *</td>

<td> 490 -</td><td> 368</td><td> 17,7</td><td> %</td><td> 4,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 368 -</td><td> 294</td><td> 6,6</td><td> %</td><td> 8,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 294 -</td><td> 245</td><td> 6,6</td><td> %</td><td> 3,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 245 -</td><td> 210</td><td> 4,4</td><td> %</td><td> 13,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> 210 -</td><td> 184</td><td> 2,2</td><td> %</td><td> 16,0</td><td> %</td>

<td> &lt; 184</td><td></td><td> 4,9</td><td> *</td><td> 47,0</td><td> %</td>

«Rt lllii I. 4 S »

TABLE XI

TRANSFER LAYER VACUUM DETERMINATION (Wet)

Pore ​​radius Sample X Sample Y (mm)

Sample Z

<td colspan="2"> -&gt;1470</td><td> 15,5</td><td> %</td><td> 9,2</td><td> %</td><td> 13,4</td><td> %</td>

<td> 1470 -</td><td> 295</td><td> 17,0</td><td> %</td><td> 15,3</td><td> %</td><td> 19,5</td><td> %</td>

<td> 295 -</td><td> 147</td><td> 12,5</td><td> %</td><td> 13,3</td><td> *</td><td> 12,1</td><td> %</td>

<td> 147 -</td><td> 98</td><td> 10,0</td><td> %</td><td> 14,8</td><td> %</td><td> 12,1</td><td> *</td>

<td> 98 -</td><td> 74</td><td> 10,0</td><td> %</td><td> 14,3</td><td> %</td><td> 20,3</td><td> %</td>

<td> 74 -</td><td> 59</td><td> 10,9</td><td> %</td><td> 8,1</td><td> %</td><td> 10,2</td><td> %</td>

<td> 59 -</td><td> 37</td><td> 16,2</td><td> %</td><td> 16,0</td><td> %</td><td> 7,4</td><td> %</td>

<td> &lt;37</td><td></td><td> 7,9</td><td> %</td><td> 9,0</td><td> %</td><td> 4,5</td><td> %</td>