Method for radio resource control

For the purpose of determining the physical radio resources in the index, the physical radio resources in the sequence (14), varvid en ram innehäller slitsar (16, 17, 18) have been used as a repellent and all of them in the field of radio equipment att disponeras av olika radioförbindelser. The dimensions of the dimensions are the same and the dimensions are the same, the frequency or the code. In this case, the dimension of the Finnish dimension is limited to the total number of units and the total value of the total number of units can be moderated by the total number of units of the total area. To vissi antal j sekventiella ramar bildar en superram (19); Förändringar i slitsamas reserveringssituation är möjiga i intervail som motsvarar en superram. For the purpose of communication, up to which terminals are reserved for the utilization of the current type of communication and the use of the communication means. For the purpose of communication between the base station systems and the transmission system, the position of the communication reserve is limited to the position of the superstructure.

Control of the use of radio resources - Kontrolleringsmetod för radioresursernas användning

The invention relates generally to the sharing of radio resources among different users in a cellular radio system. In particular, the invention relates to the allocation of radio resources in a system in which the qualitative and quantitative data transmission needs of users change rapidly.

At the time of this application, the most common form of mobile personal communications is the second generation digital cellular radio network, which is European GSM (Global System for Mobile telecommunications) and its extension DCS 1800 (Digital Communications System at 1800 MHz), US IS-54 (Interim Standard 54), IS -95 (Interim Standard 95) and Japanese PDC (Personal

Digital Cellular). The systems mainly transmit voice, faxes and short text messages, as well as digital data at a limited speed, such as files transferred between computers. Several third-generation systems are planned, aiming at global coverage, a wide range of data transmission services and flexible capacity allocation so that a given user can send and / or receive even a large amount of data quickly if he so wishes.

The European Telecommunications Standards Institute's (ETSI) proposal for a third-generation mobile data transmission system is UMTS (Universal Mobile Telecommunications System). Its goal 25 is a broad operating environment that includes homes, offices, urban and rural environments, and fixed and mobile locations. The range of services is wide and the types of terminals are, in addition to the currently known handsets, e.g. multimedia terminals and multifunction terminals that transmit communications between the UMTS system and various local systems.

Figure 1 shows an exemplary UMTS system cell 11 with a base station system 12 (BSS) in the area of ​​which a number of different terminals 13 are located or move with users. The base station system may comprise one or more base stations and a base station controller controlling their operation . There is a radio link between the base station system and the terminals, for which a specific radio frequency band is reserved and the use of which is regulated by the system specifications. The time and frequency range available for a radio connection together define the so-called

physical radio resources. One of the major challenges in the operation of a base station system is to distribute the use of physical radio resources so that all terminals in the cell area receive the desired level of communication service at all times and that adjacent cells interfere with each other as little as possible.

Several methods are known in the art for allocating radio resources. In the Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) method, each transmission and reception frequency band in use is divided into time slots, of which the base station system assigns one or more cyclically repetitive time slots to a particular terminal. The frequency range used in the Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) is divided into very narrow bands, one or more of which are assigned to each terminal by the base station system. Many current systems use a combination of these, with each narrow frequency band being further divided into time slots. In Coded Division Multiple Access (CDMA), each connection between a terminal and a base station is provided with a spreading code by which the data to be transmitted is pseudo-randomly spread over a wide frequency range. The codes used in the cell area are orthogonal or nearly orthogonal to each other, allowing the receiver, which knows the code, to separate the desired signal and attenuate other simultaneous signals. In Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplex (OFDM), which is mainly suitable for broadcast-type transmissions, the information is transmitted from the transmitting central station in a wide frequency band divided into even-frequency sub-frequencies with simultaneous phase changes.

In addition, various packet switched radio networks are known from the technology of packet switched radio networks, in which the connection between the terminal and the base station is not continuous but the information flows as packets, between which there may be pauses of different lengths. Continuous connection to solutions, ie the so-called compared to circuit-switched networks, this has the advantage that the radio30 resources required for a given connection are not unnecessarily reserved when there is a temporary break. The disadvantage is usually a longer data transmission delay, because after each pause the transmission of a new packet requires the exchange of certain control or signaling messages between the terminal and the base station. Different routing of packets between sender and recipient can also cause delays.

It is typical of the third generation cellular radio network that, for example, in the situation according to Figure 1, a relatively low-capacity radio connection with the base station is sufficient for some of the terminals 13, but some of them need at least temporarily

I «I other much of the common radio resources. The low-capacity connections may be, for example, voice connections, and the high-capacity connection may be, for example, an image file download related to a computer network connection via a base station to a terminal or a video image connection related to a video call. There is no known method in the prior art for a base station system to be able to share the available radio resources flexibly and dynamically among different users.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a method for flexible and dynamic allocation of radio resources in a base station system of a cellular radio network.

The object of the invention is achieved by dividing radio resources in a base station system or similar equipment responsible for radio resource allocation into frames, from which the base station system can assign modular, parameterized parts of different sizes for different connections according to the current traffic need. The frames are repeated cyclically for the so-called in superframes, whereby the composition of the frames may change between superframes.

The method according to the invention is characterized in that it divides the physical radio resources into chronologically successive frames containing notches of different capacities, each notch representing a certain part of the amount of physical resources represented by the frame and each notch separately identifiable for use by a particular radio connection.

In the method according to the invention, the so-called transmission terminal between the base station and the terminals. the physical layer is divided into frames that can be further divided into smaller parts. In a preferred embodiment of the invention, which will be described in more detail below, each frame has a two-dimensional structure.

The first dimension of a frame is time, which means that the frame has a certain time duration that can be further divided into consecutive time slots.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, each frame contains an equal number of time slots, but the purpose of the time slots may vary from one frame to another. Another dimension of the frame can be time, frequency, or code. If the second dimension is also time, each time slot of the frame is further divided into smaller sub-time slots. If the second dimension is a frequency, the frame completely covers a certain frequency band from which narrower bands, i.e. frequency channels, can be distinguished in each time slot contained in the frame. If the third dimension is a code, a certain number of orthogonal codes with each other are available during each time slot.

The smallest resource unit to be assigned from a particular frame is a slot, the size of which is determined in the first dimension by the length of the time slot and in the second dimension by a division unit determined by the nature of the second dimension. For example, in a time-frequency frame, the entire second dimension of the notch is the bandwidth of the frequency5 terminal used in each case. One notch is always fully assigned to a single connection.

A certain predetermined number of consecutive frames forms the so-called superframe. Since in digital systems different numbers are usually most naturally the powers of two, the superframe most preferably contains 2, 4, 8, 16, 32 or

64 frame. The flexibility and dynamic adaptability of the method of the invention stems from the fact that the notches in a given frame are not necessarily the same size, the notch structure of the frames in the superframe is not necessarily the same, and each connection does not need to be given the same number of notches in the frame or superframe. The notch structure of the frames and the allocation of notches for the use of different connections may change with each superframe. On the other hand, if the communication need does not change, the first frame of a particular superframe has a notch structure similar to ι as the first frame of the previous superframe, the second frame is similar to the second frame of the previous superframe, and so on.

From the terminals to the base station system, i.e. in the so-called in uplink data transmission, the terminals need some arrangement by which they reserve data transmission capacity. In the method according to the invention, each uplink superframe contains random access slots, during which. Ι terminals are free to send packet reservation requests. Correspondingly * ;; The 25 downlink superframes contain an allocation grant^: · 'Slots), where the base station system indicates accepted bookings. Acceptance takes place in the base station system for successfully received Reservation Request '^: priorities for the various types of connection and the prevailing traffic situation * * * <·

Based on JJ. The base station system maintains a superframe-sized reservation lock30, in which it arranges the reservations so that the available radio resources are: optimally utilized.

• · · • · · • · · • · ·

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the preferred embodiments shown by way of example and the accompanying figures, in which f: f; Figure 1 shows a known cell of a cellular radio system. ·. Figure 2 shows parts of the structure of a frame according to a preferred embodiment of the invention,

Fig. 3 shows a superframe according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Fig. 4 shows uplink real-time communication according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Fig. 5 shows downlink real-time communication according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Fig. 6 shows uplink real-time communication according to a preferred embodiment of the invention, Fig. 7 shows a downlink no 10 real-time communication according to a preferred embodiment of the invention and shows a transmission power control method according to the invention.

In the above description of the prior art, reference has been made to Figure 1, so in the following description of the invention and its preferred embodiments, reference will be made mainly to Figures 2-8. In the figures, the same reference numerals are used for the corresponding parts.

Figure 2 shows a two-dimensional frame 14 according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. It has been stated above that the first dimension of the frame is time and the second dimension may be time, frequency or code. In the case of Figure 2, the second dimension of the frame 14 is the frequency. The size of the frame in each dimension 20 must be selected to be consistent with other specifications to be set for the same system. In this example, the length of the frame in the time direction is about 4.615 milliseconds and it is divided in the time direction into eight time slots, with the length of one time slot 15 being about 0.577 ms. The width of the frame in the frequency direction / is about 2 MHz. The smallest continuous components of the frame, i.e. the notches, are of one time slot length, but their width in the frequency direction can be 200 kHz, 1 MHz or^: · '2 MHz. Reference numeral 16 denotes a large, 0.577 ms x 2 MHz notch, reference numeral 17 • · «···: denotes a medium, 0.577 ms x 1 MHz notch, and reference numeral 18 denotes a small,

0.577 ms x 200 kHz notch. According to another proposal, notch size classes • · ·^: there would be four and their relative sizes would be such that the notch of the largest size would correspond to the two notches of the second largest size, four to the third largest notch of the largest size, and eight notches of the smallest size.

• · · • · · • · · • ·. A carrier solution in which a single frame may contain several parts with different frequency bands is called a parallel multicarrier structure. The base station system can change the structure of the frame to accommodate one large notch with two medium, ten small, or one_;: medium and five small notches or vice versa or replaces one medium notch with five small notches or vice versa. This feature is called frame modularity: a particular notch or group of notches forms a module that can be replaced with another module in the corresponding frame contained in the next superframe so that the rest of the frame content does not change and the available bandwidth is always used optimally. The invention as such does not limit the number of time slots contained in the frame or the widths of the carriers allowed, but in order to maintain modularity, it is particularly advantageous for the notches to be integer multiples of each other in dimension. For example, three 250 kHz notches could not be replaced modularly by 450 kHz notches, but the space left by said three narrower notches would only accommodate one 450 kHz notch and 300 kHz bandwidth would be left unused.

The capacity of the notch, i.e. the amount of data that can be transmitted in one notch, depends not only on the dimensions of the notch, but also on the modulation and error protection method used to encode the information contained therein and on the other signal structure of the notch.

In the arrangement according to Figure 2, where the allowed bandwidths are 200 kHz, I MHz and 2 MHz, it has been found advantageous to use Binary Order Quadrature Amplitude Modulation (BO-QAM) with two narrower bands (200 kHz and 1 MHz) and the widest bandwidth. (2 MHz) Quadruple Order Quadrature (QO-QAM)

Amplitude Modulation).

Figure 3 shows a superframe according to a preferred embodiment of the invention. It has been indicated above that the invention does not limit the number of consecutive frames contained in the superframe, but the preferred amounts are the powers of two. The shortest 25 superframe may consist of a single frame. In the case of Figure 3, the superframe contains four consecutive frames 14. The frames are here numbered consecutively so that the number of the first frame is represented by the letter N representing a positive integer, the next frame is N + 1, the next N + 2 and the last frame of the superframe is the number N + 3. The time slots of the frames are also numbered consecutively with non-nega30 dense integers so that the first time slot in each frame is the number 0 and the last time slot is the number 7. The figure also shows an exemplary division of notches into utility traffic slots and control data slots. Notches containing payload traffic, i.e. the actual information to be transmitted, are marked with the letter I (Information) and notches containing control or signaling information are marked with the letter C (Control).

The control information slots form one or more logical control channels available, for example, for transmitting messages controlling the initiation, maintenance and termination of a connection, determining the need to change base station, and exchanging transmission power and terminal power saving commands and measurement results between base station and terminals.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the base station system or similar equipment responsible for allocating radio resources maintains a superframe-sized parameterized allocation table indicating the size and charge status of each notch in the superframe and other possible notch parameters. Changes in the door structure of the frames 14 1 and / or in the allocation of the notches for the use of certain connections take place between the superframes, i.e. the state of the allocation table is constant for at least one superframe at a time. To ensure optimal operation, the base station system must have a reservation table routine that maintains the reservation table according to certain criteria. Important criteria that the reservation table routine takes into account before reserving a notch for a new connection include, for example, traffic situation, type of information contained in the new connection (eg voice, video, da15 ta), priority based on the content of the new connection (eg ordinary call, emergency call), the general power level of the traffic situation and the type of data connection (eg real-time, non-real-time). Furthermore, more advanced criteria can be defined, which are the susceptibility of a particular notch to interference and the transmission power required by the notch.

If the base station system also takes into account the allocation slots of the surrounding base stations, it can allocate notches in its own allocation table according to the power level and the connection type. The former means that high-power and low-power terminals have their own notches located in the allocation tables of adjacent base stations at locations optimal for the overall system failure. Rem^: the latter means that circuit-switched and packet-switched connections have their own · · · ·· slots located in the allocation tables of adjacent base stations at locations optimal for the overall system failure. Optimality is defined by • · ·^: so that all users have the least possible interference from interference signals from other users. For example, if the notches are divided according to power level: the first base station provides low-power (located near the first base station • «·; Seville) notches, during which the second base station has a high-power (remote) connection from the second base station. Models for optimal '· · ·' distribution of notches can be easily found for normal operation by one skilled in the art with authorized simulations and field experiments.

«· ·« · «. . : In the method according to the invention, the allocation of radio resources takes place in the same way for both real-time and non-real-time services: notches are located per superframe for both ai8. The same control messages and mechanisms regulate the allocation of radio resources in both cases; only the control content of the detailed contents of the resource allocation and unloading principles differ slightly for different services. The transmission of data over a radio path during an already established connection is slightly different depending on whether it is a real-time or a non-real-time service. Applications that require real-time or near real-time service include, for example, packet voice and the video connection required by a videophone. In the simulation of the method according to the invention, it is required that a bit error rate 10 (BER) 10 'be achieved between the base station and the terminal in the transmission of speech.³ when the maximum allowable data transmission delay is 30 ms. In the video connection required by the videophone, the corresponding values ​​are 10 '⁶ and 100 ms, where the extended delay is due to time interleaving of the data to be transmitted. These services use FEC-type Forward Error Correction and the radio resource allocation procedure described in more detail below. The non-real-time service 15 is, for example, the transfer of files in a standard Internet connection. It uses packet communication and an ARQ-type Automatic Repeat on reQuest protocol.

Next, real-time uplink data transmission in the usual case will be considered with reference to Figure 4. The arrows in the figure show the data transmission between the base station (BS) and the terminal (MS) in chronological order so that time passes from top to bottom in the figure. Certain superframes transmitted by the base station contain so-called Y-slots where the base station indicates when there are next uplink PRA (Packet Random Access) slots, i.e., points in the uplink superframe where terminals can send reservation requests. Arrow 20 shows information about the location of subsequent PRA notches transmitted in the Y-notch of a particular downlink superframe. The terminal transmits one of the following PRA notch as shown by arrow 21 PRAviestin, in which it identifies itself and informs what type of connection it is to (real-time, coding, slot type, etc. Factors). Since there is no coordination between the different terminals, it may be that several terminals send a PRA message simultaneously. In that case, at most one of them will arrive. Figure 4 is, however, assumed that the direction of the arrow 21 according to the PRA message will get through to the next downlink frame a PAG notch (Packet Access Grant) to inform the base station in accordance with the arrow 22, the terminal device is allocated a certain uplink slot or slots. At the same time, it indicates the location of the notch (s) granted in the upward superframe. In prior art packet reservation methods, a reserving device typically receives as its radio resource the time slot or other similar resource location at which it sent a successful reservation request. According to the invention, the notch (or notches) to be allocated for the connection can be located anywhere in the area of ​​the following upward superframes.

When the terminal has received information on the radio resources allocated to it, it starts tie5 donsiiiTon accordance with the arrow 23. During the connection, a situation may arise where the terminal wants to increase the available radio resources. In this case, it reserves the direction of arrow 24 in accordance with the more notches in a similar procedure to that described above, namely by sending the reservation request, where it indicates what size and type the new slot should be. It may also be that the terminal's need for data transmission decreases during the connection and it wants to reduce the radio resources available to it. In this case, it will stop transmission in some notches according to the arrow 25, when the base station can assign the slots freed for use by other connections. Arrow 26 represents a message by which the terminal stops transmitting.

Downlink real-time data transmission takes place as shown in Figure 5. A separate slot reservation request is not required because the base station system maintains a superframe reservation table and is thus able to route downlink communication to a suitable slot. The notification of the location of the notch can be transmitted to the terminal on paging channels (PP, Packet Paging), at least one of which each active terminal has been able to listen to. The repetition of the PP message on the paging channel described by arrows 27 and 28 means that the base station transmits the PP message until the terminal responds (or until a certain time limit expires). The terminal, which has received the PPviestin it is intended for the paging channel, reads the direction of arrow 29 in accordance with PPviestin back to the base station acknowledgment message from the call (PPA, a packet paging acknowledgment). The base station starts transmitting the message 30 after receiving a confirmation of the arrival of the call via a PPA message. Also, the resource requirement for downlink communication may change during the connection, in which case the base station system reserves more slots for the connection (as the resource requirement increases) 31 or releases some of the reserved slots (as the resource requirement decreases). Arrow 33 30 depicts the end of the transmission.

There may be several connections requiring real-time service between a given terminal and the base station at the same time, both in the uplink and downlink. Simultaneous connections are also called parallel connections. According to a preferred embodiment, the terminal has a certain temporary logical identifier that distinguishes it from other terminals communicating with the same base station system. The length of the identifier can be, for example, 12 bits. A short (e.g., 2-bit) additional identifier can be used to distinguish parallel connections. When the terminal wants to start a parallel real-time connection during a certain connection, it sends a reservation request to the base station system, in which it indicates its temporary logical identifier and an additional identifier different from the previous real-time connection identifier value. Correspondingly, the base station system 5 may initiate a new downlink parallel real-time connection by sending a PP message on the paging channel, which includes the logical ID of the terminal to which the message is applied and an additional identifier different from the additional identifier values. From the additional tag, the receiving device knows whether the transmitting device wants to increase the capacity of an existing real-time connection or to start a new parallel connection.

Figure 6 shows non-real-time uplink data transmission in the usual case. Arrow 34 corresponds to arrow 20 in Figure 4, i.e. it shows a certain downward superframe

Information transmitted in the Y-notch about the location of the following PRA notches. The terminal transmits one of the following PRA-notch of the arrow 35 in accordance with the PRA message where it identifies itself and notifies how much non-real-time data it wants to send. The amount of data can be expressed, for example, in bytes. The following PAG slot of the base station notifies the direction of arrow 36, which is a reverse link control slot reserved ohjauskana20 MENTS location downlink superframe. In the following the guide slot, the base station transmits the direction of arrow 37 in accordance with uplink slots allocated for the connection of the first locations in the uplink superframe. The terminal transmits these notches uplink information in accordance with the arrow 38. The upward notches are grouped, for example, so that 16 notches form a group. The control message according to these 37 has transmitted to the terminal information about the location of these 16 notches. When the terminal 16 has sent a slotted information it receives in accordance with the arrow 39 .. J 'below in the guide slot from the base station acknowledgment message, wherein the base station informs^ι,·,^: how the information transmitted in the notches of the first group is received. If the support weapon has detected errors in some of the notches, the terminal will have to retransmit the information contained in these notches. the control signal 39 described by the arrow at the same time contains data f j. notches belonging to the next group location, in which case the uplink transmission factors • «« moon in these notches according to the arrow 40. The transmission ends when the terminal has sent all the desired information.

'' * '· 35 In the above, the method of the real-time service of Figure 4 and the non-real-time service of Figure 6; . *; the meaning of the booking message is different. In the real-time service, a certain ra • · »9,: dioresource (notch) is reserved for continuous use from successive superframes. This is the same as reserving a certain baud rate (X bits / s) for connection use. In the case of a non-real-time service, resources are reserved for the transmission of a certain number of bits or bytes, in which case the data transmission rate does not have to be constant. If there is a lot of free radio resources, the base station system can indicate very close notches to the terminal in the control messages illustrated by arrows 37 and 39. If the other traffic load of the base station is high or increases during the non-real-time connection, each superframe has fewer free notches and the control messages described by arrows 37 and 39 provide the terminal with fewer notches in the data stream.

Downlink non-real-time data transmission differs from that shown above and is shown in Figure 7. When the base station subsystem wishes to transmit to the terminal non-real-time data, it first sends the direction of arrow 41 in accordance with the paging channel contacted by a PP message containing information for the reverse (uplink) reserved acknowledgment channel, a notch or notches location In uplink superframes, as well as the data transferred between the allocated first notch location downlink superke15 HUCH. Arrow 42 represents the repetition of the same PP message. When the terminal informs of the direction of the arrow PPA message to be ready for reception, the base station system sends the data to be transmitted in advance by detecting the slots according to arrow 44. The terminal issues a positive or negative ARQ acknowledgment 45 from the received data, which may at the same time also contain measurement results or similar information used for downlink power control. If the downlink slots or place the number of changes, the base station informs the system of the terminal according to the paging channel of the arrow 46. The transmission ends when the base station system has sent all the information it wants and received a positive acknowledgment. The transmission can, of course, end before time, if the connection is interrupted or the terminal moves to another '. f 25 base station area.

» · · • ·

For non-real-time connections, the same principle of parallel connections may apply * ^s,:.^: the idea described above in the context of real-time services. However, since the method of controlling the use of radio resources according to the invention tends to be able to temporarily assign even all otherwise free notches to a given non-real-time connection, the concept of parallel connections is less important than non-real-time connections. * ·. ·. for real-time services than for real-time. In the case of non-real-time services, a particular non-real-time data transfer task can usually be completed before starting the next '1 * -> ·'.

· '; The radio resource control method according to the invention also makes it possible to adjust the transmission power during the radio connection. It has been indicated above that the control information slots in the superframes form one or more logical control12 channels. A dedicated bi-directional logical channel may be designated a System Control Channel (SCCH), which in a preferred embodiment of the invention comprises one notch for each active connection (one 200 kHz notch in the time-frequency level example above) per sixteen superframes in both the uplink and downlink. . The SCCH is in use throughout the active communication link and can be used, for example, to transmit power level measurement information, to arrange timing between the base station system and the terminal, to transmit base station handover information, and to transmit commands from the base station system to the terminal. For example, the base station10 system can command the so-called sleep mode, where the terminal is inactive to save power.

Another possibility provided by the method according to the invention for adjusting the transmission power of the terminals is a public power control channel (PPCC) independent of the notch division of the superframes. To accomplish this, each downlink frame comprises a particular PPCC notch that contains a certain number of power control bits for each possible notch in the corresponding uplink frame. The number of power control bits in the PPCC notch can be selected so that if the frame they refer to consists entirely of the smallest possible notches, each notch 20 would have its own bits. When the frame in practice also contains larger notches, all the bits of the PPCC notch that refer to the area of ​​the larger notch are used to control each larger notch. This arrangement is illustrated in Figure 8.

. , The PPCC notch 47 comprises first power control bits 48 and second power control bits 49.

';,' If the corresponding uplink frame 50 comprised only small notches 51 and 52, first^: '25 power control bits 48 would control the first notch 51 and the second power control bits 49:'? would control the second notch 52. If the small notches in the uplink frame have been replaced,. · * * modularly with the larger notch 53, the power control bits 48 and 49 control the same notch x J *: 53, which adds either more resolution or redundancy to the adjustment. Thus, the structure tT of the PPCC notch may be independent of the notch structure of the uplink frame. The same 30 control channel structure and principle can also be applied to other, super-frame-related radio resource management. For example, the transmission time of each notch can be controlled by a similar procedure.

V «t

No position has been taken above on the overlap of uplink and downlink data transmission.

« ^: 35 If frames divided in the time-frequency plane are used and the maximum width of the frame is «; ·. in the frequency direction is 2 MHz, continuous transmission in a certain direction in a given cell requires a frequency band of 2 '”' · MHz. Because cells are usually modeled with adjacent six <. * In an embodiment using frames divided into angles and time-frequency plane, two adjacent cells must not use the Saina frequency band, the system requires a total frequency band of N x 2 MHz to operate (where N is the frequency reuse factor known from the design of cellular radio systems, e.g. three). In addition, if the transmission in either the uplink or downlink is temporally continuous, each direction needs its own 2 MHz band in each cell, so that the whole system requires a total bandwidth of 2 x N x 2 MHz.

However, one option is to arrange uplink and downlink transmission in each cell according to Time Division Duplex (TDD). In this case, the transmission in either direction is not continuous in time, but the transmissions in different directions alternate with each other on a frame-by-frame basis during each superframe. Only one frequency band is needed in the cell, which is common up and down. If users use a controlled radio connection according to the invention for web browsing (World Wide Web) or a similar purpose in which the need for data transfer in one direction is multiple compared to the other (in web browsing the downlink data transfer is 7-15 times uplink), time division duplexing can be arranged as follows: that in a superframe, X consecutive downlink frames are followed by Y consecutive uplink frames (or Y consecutive uplink frames are followed by X consecutive downlink frames), where for all 20 female numbers X and Y the relation X> Y applies.

The radio resource control method according to the invention has been described above in the light of preferred embodiments. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the examples presented are not intended to be limiting, but that the invention may be modified by ordinary skill in the art within the scope of the following claims.