Device and process for generating electromagnetic fields which influence the nervous system of insects

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SPANISH OFFICE OF

PATENTS AND TRADEMARKS

SPAIN

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© Int. Cl .:

A01M 29/28 (2011.01)

TRANSLATION OF EUROPEAN PATENT

T3 @ Date of submission and number of the international application: 12.04.2016 PCT / CH2016 / 000065 © Date and number of international publication: 20.10.2016 WO16165035 © Date of submission and number of the European application: 12.04.2016 E 16726761 (6 ) © Date and publication number of the European concession: 03.04.2019 EP 3282840 © Title: Device and procedure for generating electromagnetic fields that influence the nervous system of insects

<td>© Priority:</td><td>© Owner / s:</td>

<td>04/13/2015 CH 5042015</td><td>NOPIXGLOBAL AG (100.0%)</td>

<td></td><td>Schaffhauserstrasse 16</td>

<td>© Date of publication and mention in BOPI of the</td><td>8302 Kloten, CH</td>

<td>Patent translation:</td><td>© lnventor / es:</td>

<td> 02.12.2019</td><td>STOLL, KURT</td>

<td></td><td>© Agent / Representative:</td>

<td></td><td>CARPINTERO LÓPEZ, Mario</td>

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Notice: Within nine months from the date of publication in the European Patent Bulletin, of the mention of granting the European patent, any person may object to the European Patent Office to the granted patent. The opposition must be in writing and be motivated; It will only be considered as formulated once payment of the opposition fee has been made (art. 99.1 of the Convention on the Grant of European Patents).

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DESCRIPTION

Device and procedure to generate electromagnetic fields that influence the nervous system of insects

Malaria, yellow fever and dengue continue to be the most common infectious diseases in humans, which are transmitted by hematophagous arthropods (vectors) and several million victims are charged each year, especially children. Despite all the measures to counteract it, malaria, among other diseases, is constantly spreading more and more as a result of wars and the associated refugee flow, mass tourism and climate and environmental change. Plasmodiidae, the agents of malaria, are resistant to most chemotherapeutic agents, and carrier mosquitoes (Anopheles mosquitoes) have also developed resistance to insecticides. Great efforts are being made to develop a vaccine against malaria. However, it is likely that it takes years for these vaccines to be available in the market. It remains questionable if by then this vaccine will be affordable in developing countries. It should also be assumed that Plasmodiidae will develop resistance to future vaccines. Apart from chemically treated mosquito nets, which continue to offer humans only very limited protection against mosquitoes, to date, no procedure or strategy has been able to protect humans against vector-borne diseases (e.g., malaria, yellow fever, or dengue).

WO 99/55151 A1 describes a device that, with two electric oscillators, generates oscillations which, by means of an oscillator contact sheet, are transmitted to the skin of a person to be protected with the device. The two separate oscillations are transmitted at 1.2 kHz and 64.0 kHz and at a maximum power density of 1 mW / cm² to the surface of the skin and from this they are transmitted to mosquitoes that are in contact with the skin.

WO 2012/094768 A1 describes a device comprising two microprocessors and two transmitters. A pulse form stored at a carrier frequency of 565 kHz is modulated and emitted by two transmitters and antennas coupled to them in the form of electromagnetic waves.

The object of the invention is to find a more effective solution. This object is achieved by a device according to claim 1 and a method according to claim 9. To repel hematophagous insects, a two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1 generates positive, negative and positive pulse patterns 15, 14, which are relatively offset by 180 degrees, as well as the switching frequency 4 of the integrated transmitter carriers. 28, 29 modulate and control in such a way that, through the integrated two-part antennas 34a, 34b, emits two modulated electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a, which are 180 degrees out of phase and pulsed with pulse patterns 15, 14, and generates two electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b that influence nerve cells 50, 53 located in nerve systems 48, 53, 63, 64 of insects hematophagous, so that the signals and reflexes generated by neurons trigger dysfunctions that lead insects to an inactive state so that they cannot penetrate human skin and therefore do not suck blood.

The method according to the invention and the device according to the invention consist of an autonomous two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1, Fig. 1, in which complex components are integrated to generate positive, negative and outdated pulse patterns that modulate two carrier signals in two transmitters and emit them through an antenna to the external environment in the form of electromagnetic waves and electromagnetic fields that act on the insect nervous system, in particular on the nerve cells located in the suprasophageal ganglion and the subsophageal ganglion and the associated axon terminals that establish signal transfers between nerve cells, so that said insects do not bite.

The microprocessor 2, the modulator 5, the phase converter 16, the transmitters 28, 29 and the antennas 34a and 34b with detectors 34c and 34d, and a power supply 40 with integrated battery that can be charged by a charge control, they are essentially integrated as components in the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter

one. In addition, the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1 has two antenna detectors 34c, 34d that transfer information, via transmitting power and electromagnetic waves 35a, 36a and emitted electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b, to input 38 of microprocessor 2 , so that this information can be read through interface 39, Fig. 1.

The microprocessor 2 generates a pulse pattern 3 consisting of a pulse 41 with a pulse width of 204 ms and a pulse pause 42 of 5000 ms. A second pulse source is established within pulse 41, which consists of three pulses 43a with a pulse width of 12 ms and two pulse pauses 44 of 84 ms, Fig. 2. The modulation signal at output 4 of the microprocessor 2 is generated because pulse pattern 3 overlaps with the pulse frequency of 284 Hz 43b, Fig. 3.

However, the invention is not limited only to the modulation frequency 4 of 284 Hz (pulse frequency), in particular the frequency can be defined and adapted to the different hematophagous arthropods.

To receive positive modulation and negative modulation patterns, the pulse pattern 3, Fig. 2, generated by the microprocessor 2 is directed to the downstream modulator 5 and the input 7 of the flip-flop circuit 6, which generates a pattern

ES 2 733 596 T3 of positive pulses 3 at the output 8, Fig. 2, which is directed to the input 10b of the NAND gate 13 downstream. At the same time, a pattern of negative pulses 3, Fig. 2, is generated at the output 9 (of the flip-flop circuit 6) which is directed to the input 11b of the NAND gate 12 downstream. The modulation signal 4, Fig. 3, generated by the microprocessor 2 is directed to the input 10a of the NAND gate downstream and to the input 11b of the NAND gate 12 downstream. The positive modulation pulse pattern is thus applied to the output 15 of the NAND gate 13 and the negative modulation pulse pattern is applied to the output 14 of the NAND gate 12, Fig. 4.

The pulse pattern converter 16 consists of four FETs that are connected to each other to receive two modulated pulse patterns 3 that are 180 degrees offset from each other. In order to meet these requirements, the pulse pattern 3 is guided to the two drains of FET 21 and FET 22 through controller 25a and inlet 25b. At the same time, the positive modulation pulse pattern 15 is directed to the gates of the FET 19 and 21 through the input 17 and the negative modulation pulse pattern 14 is directed to the gates of the FET 20 and 22 a through entry 18. From this action, the direction of the signal flow of the positive pulse pattern 24, which is applied to the source of the FET 21, is established by a sequence of pulses through the FET 20 to ground, and the direction of the flow of The signal of the negative pulse pattern 23, which is applied to the drain of the FET 19, is established by a sequence of pulses through the FET 22 to the pulse pattern 3 that is applied to the input 25b, so that two patterns of pulses 24, 23, that are offset by 180 °, Fig. 5.

From this action, the modulated pulse pattern 24 (which is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the pulse pattern 23) is directed to the input 26 of the transmitter 28 to modulate and control the oscillator thereof, generating the carrier frequency of 160 kHz At the same time, the modulated pulse pattern 23 (which is 180 degrees out of phase with respect to the pulse pattern 24) is directed to the input 27 of the transmitter 29 to modulate and control the oscillator thereof, generating the carrier frequency of 160 kHz . By means of these actions, two carriers are produced that are pulsed and modulated with the pulse patterns 24 and 23, Fig. 5, and that have a carrier frequency of 160 kHz and that are offset from each other by 180 degrees, Fig. 6. The two carriers are routed through the respective transmitter outputs 30 and 31, each with a transmission power of 2 MW, to terminals 32 and 33 of the two-part integrated magnetic antenna 34a and 34b (magnetic loops), which emits two modulated electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a that are offset from each other by 180 degrees and pulsed with pulse patterns 24, 23, and generates two electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b. Fig. 7. In the radiation range 76, Figs. 13, 12, (propagation of electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves in space) of approximately 30 meters with respect to the integrated magnetic antenna of two parts 34a and 34b, there is a power density (power supplied by 2 MW in the antenna) , which is sufficient for the electromagnetic waves 35a, 36a emitted and the electromagnetic fields generated 35b, 36b to act on a hematophagous insect so that they can influence and alter the nervous system. (In the images of Figs. 7, 12, 13, the propagation directions of the electromagnetic waves 35a, 36a and the electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b are only illustrated in one direction and in one plane).

However, the invention is not limited only to the specified parameters of power density, emitted energy and modulation frequency (switching frequency), carrier frequency and transmission power, in particular the specified values ​​of the pulse patterns, the frequency Carrier and modulation frequency can be defined and adapted to different insect species. Laboratory tests with flight cages and field tests with Aedes aegypti, the yellow fever transmitter and with Anopheles stephensi, which transmits malaria, have shown that different carrier frequencies (for example 433 MHz, 910 MHz, 1800 MHz , 2.44 GHz, 10 GHz, 24.4 GHz) and switching frequencies (for example, 43 Hz, 470 Hz, 1800 Hz, 2457 Hz, 22 kHz, 56 kHz) have given good results in influencing the central nervous system 63 and the peripheral nervous system 64, Fig. 12, of insects, in particular neurons 50, 53 located in the suprasophageal ganglion 48 and the subsophageal ganglion 53 and their axon terminals 62 (which are located at the biological interfaces 72, 73, 74 and 75) so that said insects do not bite, Figs. 8, 9, 12, 13. According to an embodiment of the method according to the invention, additional procedures are defined in greater detail in Fig. 8.

If hematophagous insects 45 are in the radiation range 76, Figs. 12, 13 (propagation of electromagnetic fields and electromagnetic waves in space) of approximately 30 meters with respect to the integrated two-part magnetic antenna 34a and 34b, become radiation receivers in the sense that the radiation of the insect it is effected by the effect of electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a and electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b (which are emitted in the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1 by the integrated antenna 34a and 34b), so that the chitin / exoskeleton 47 assumes the function of a demodulator in that the chitin fibers form an oscillating circuit that is established in a natural resonance so that only the low frequency modulation frequency 4 and the pulse patterns Electromagnetic 37a and 37b, which are offset by 180 degrees from each other, continue to reach the suprasophageal ganglion 48 and the subsophageal ganglion 51, which are located in the head 46 of the insect. Radiation is produced, due to electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a and low frequency electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b, of sensory neurons 50 (located in the supraesophageal ganglion 48) and motor neurons 53 (located in the subsophageal ganglion 51 ), so that the biological processes (excitation transfer, electrical signal and reflection generation) are significantly altered.

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According to a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, additional procedures are described and defined in greater detail in Fig. 9 and Fig. 11. The radiation of modulation frequency 4 and pulse patterns 37a and 37b in sensory neuron 50 (found in the suprasophageal ganglion 48) influences the structure (signal structure, SS) of electrical potentials (electrical signals ) of the cell membranes 49 that are derived from the electrical depolarization of the negative to the positive state of charge (or a less negative value) inside the cell membrane 49, so that, through the pulse patterns 37a and 37b, which are 180 degrees out of phase, through the change from the positive to the negative phase, and the modulation frequency 4, which restores the cell membrane 49 to the state of its natural oscillation, This is significantly altered. Repolarization (restoration of resting membrane potential after prior depolarization) is influenced in such a way that it remains active during depolarization or partially fails. The defective information (electrical signals) reaches the dendrite 57 that transfers the decimated signals from the interface 74 to the dendrite 57 of the motor neuron 53 (which is located in the subesophageal ganglion 51) through the associated axons 60a, 60b. The radiation of the pulse patterns 37a and 37b in the motor neuron 53 influences the structure of the reflexes in the cell membranes 52 in the same way as the biological processes described in the structure of the SS signal, which have the same biological processes than those of the sensory neuron 49, except that instead of electrical signals, reflexes and reflex information are established on the surface of the cell membrane 52.

Through axon 60b of the biological interface 75, the transfer of the reflex signal takes place over the cord of the motor nerve 56 to the central nervous system 63. Through associated biological interfaces, defective reflexes are directed to motor neurons, which control the movements of muscles, glands and organs, so that insects that are in the radiation range 76 of electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a and the electromagnetic fields 37a, 37b show an inactive behavior that partially leads to sleep states, so that hematophagous insects do not bite.

According to a further embodiment of the process according to the invention, additional procedures are defined in greater detail in Fig. 10. The biological process of the signal or the transfer of reflexes within the biological interfaces 72, 73, 74 and 75 takes place because the incoming signals, which are derived from the associated dendrites 57 in the sensory neuron 50 or the sensory nerve 55, they are directed towards the associated axon 60a of the axonic terminal 62, which activates the neurotransmitter 61b so that an electrochemical transfer of pulses 61c (synapse) to the neuroreceptor 61a takes place, which sends the received information to the axon 60b so that it reaches the associated dendrites 57 in the motor neuron 53 or in the cord of the motor nerve 56. When electrochemical transfer of pulses 61c (synapse) occurs between neurotransmitter 61b and neuroreceptor 61a, ion transfer and transfer of molecules are influenced by internal radiation of modulation frequency 4 and pulse patterns 37a and 37b, so that the membrane potential in the neuroreceptor 61a degrades considerably, which leads to dysfunctions in the subsequent process sequences.

According to a further design of the invention, Fig. 13, the electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a that are emitted by the pulse pattern transmitter and modulated and pulsed with the pulse pattern 3, and the electromagnetic fields 37a, 37b activate signals of stimulus in the stimulus receptor 71 of the sensor 69 located in the antenna 68, whose stimulus signals initiate a flight response in the mosquito. The same action results from the pulse patterns that are derived from the environment, for example from an atmospheric discharge, which have similar pulse patterns.

Through the effect of the electromagnetic fields, the stimulus receiver 71, located in the sensory cell 70, is resonated so that a stimulus signal is generated which, in the case of the sensory cell 70, triggers an action that establishes the electrical pulses on the cell surface of the sensory cell 70 (electrical potential) that derive from the electrical depolarization of the state of negative to positive charge inside the cell membrane. From this action, the generated electrical signals reach the biological interface 72. The transfer of the electromagnetic signal takes place through the sensory nerve 55 to the axon 60a of the biological interface 73 through the axon 60b to the dendrite 57a of the neuron sensory 50, which is located in the suprasophageal ganglion 48 (insect brain). The sending of the signals to the cell nucleus 59 takes place when the dendrite 57 and the cell body 58 are placed in an energizing state that stimulates the cell nucleus 59 such that electrical potentials are established on the cell surface in the form of electrical pulses , which are derived from the electrical depolarization of the negative to the positive state of charge inside the cell membrane, so that the neurite 57 establishes an action potential through the cellular body 58 by means of the electrical pulses, said action potential initiating a forwarding of the electrical signal to the associated axon 60a of the biological interface 74, which links the suprasophageal ganglion 48 with the subsophageal ganglion 51. The start of the motor processes, which activates the motion sequences for a flight response in the mosquito, takes place because the electrical pulses are sent through the axon 60b of the biological interface 74 to the dendrite 57a of the motor neuron 50, located in the subsophageal ganglion 51. The sending of the signals to the cell nucleus 59 takes place when the dendrite 57a and the cell body 58 are placed in an energizing state that stimulates the nucleus 59 in such a way that electrical potentials are established on the cell surface in the form of electrical reflections, which derive from the electrical depolarization of the negative to positive state of charge inside the cell membrane, so that the neurite 57a establishes an action potential through the cellular body 58 by means of the electrical reflections and the reflected information generated, so that the forwarding of the reflexes to the associated axon 60a of the biological interface 75 is carried out. A through axon 60b of biological interface 75, reflex transfer

ES 2 733 596 T3 takes place on the cord of the motor nerve 56 to the central nervous system 63. Through associated biological interfaces, the reflected information is directed to the motor neurons, which control the motor functions (muscles and glands) of the wings of the insects, in order to induce a flight response so that the insect withdraws of the radiation range of the electromagnetic waves 35a and 36a and the electromagnetic fields 37a, 37b that are emitted by the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1.

The mosquito cannot distinguish whether it faces a natural hazard or an artificially generated one and, in any case, will start the flight. Said mosquito, therefore, cannot develop a resistance (or conditional resistance) to the method and device according to the invention to generate electromagnetic waves 35a, 36a and electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b which have similar parameters and structures, analogous to those from from a natural source.

It should be noted, of course, that each of the design variants described above, and also the sensory neurons 65, motor neurons 66 and interneurons 67 that are located in the insect's nervous system, are affected and altered through of the internal radiation of electromagnetic waves. 35a, 36a and the electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b generated by the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1, so that inactivation dysfunction is activated.

Insects cannot store an inherent behavior, since they lack a complex neuronal node in the suprasophageal ganglion and a third nerve cord to the subsophageal ganglion. The movements of the muscles, glands and organs are controlled by electrical reflexes (reflex signals, reflex information), so that approaches to behavior and conditional learning processes are possible by a concentrated sequence of reflexes. These reflected signals and this reflected information are affected and altered by the internal radiation of the electromagnetic waves 35a, 36a and the electromagnetic fields 35b, 36b generated by the two-channel pulse pattern transmitter 1, so that a dysfunction is activated which leads mosquitoes to an inactive state.

There are several hundred thousand nerve cells in hematophagous insects, and these are illustrated accordingly in Figs. 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 as individual nerve cells 50, 53, 65, 66, 67.

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