Methylphenidate extended release chewable tablet
Abstract
An extended release methylphenidate chewable tablet having a therapeutically effective immediate release and 12 hour extended release profile, wherein said chewable tablet is a uniform solid dispersion comprising: (a) a sustained release methylphenidate component comprising a water-insoluble, water-permeable, pH-independent barrier coated methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex in a polymeric matrix, wherein said barrier coating provides sustained release properties to methylphenidate and is found on the methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex matrix; (b) a first immediate release component comprising an immediate release uncoated methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex; (c) a second immediate release methylphenidate component comprising a methylphenidate that does not form a complex; wherein said first immediate release component (b) has a slower release action than (c); wherein 50% w/w to 90% w/w of the active component of methylphenidate is provided by the sustained release component, based on the total amount of methylphenidate in the tablet and wherein said chewable tablet is capable to be divided and provide tablet portions that retain a therapeutically effective immediate release and sustained release profile of 12 hours.

Term
6.9 yearsto projected expiry
Projected expiry 14 August 2033, counted from filing; an application has no term until it is granted.
- Priority
- Filed
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- Today
- Projected expiry
22 claims: 4 independent, 18 dependent
- 1REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada que tiene una liberación inmediata terapéuticamente eficaz y un perfil de liberación prolongada de 12 horas, en el que dicho comprimido masticable es una dispersión sólida uniforme que comprende:(a) un componente de metilfenidato de liberación sostenida que comprende un complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones insoluble en agua, permeable al agua y con revestimiento de barrera independiente del pH en una matriz polimérica, en el que dicho revestimiento de barrera proporciona propiedades de liberación sostenida al metilfenidato y se encuentra sobre la matriz de complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones;(b) un primer componente de liberación inmediata que comprende un complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones sin revestimiento de liberación inmediata;(c) un segundo componente de metilfenidato de liberación inmediata que comprende un metilfenidato que no forma un complejo;en el que dicho primer componente de liberación inmediata (b) tiene una acción de la liberación más lenta que (c);en el que se proporciona del 50 % en p/p al 90 % en p/p del componente activo de metilfenidato mediante el componente de liberación sostenida, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido y en el que dicho comprimido masticable es capaz de dividirse y proporcionar partes de comprimido que conservan una liberación inmediata terapéuticamente eficaz y un perfil de liberación prolongada de 12 horas.
- 2Un comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada que tiene un perfil de liberación prolongada de 12 horas y una acción rápida, en el que dicho comprimido masticable es una dispersión sólida uniforme que comprende:(a) un componente de metilfenidato de liberación sostenida que comprende del 15 % en p/p al 25 % en p/p de un complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones curado, insoluble en agua, permeable al agua, no iónico y con revestimiento de barrera independiente del pH en una matriz de polivinilpirrolidona, en el que dicho revestimiento de barrera se encuentra sobre la matriz de complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones y comprende polivinilacetato, un estabilizante y un plastificante;(b) un primer componente de liberación inmediata que comprende un complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones de liberación inmediata y (c) un segundo componente de metilfenidato de liberación inmediata que comprende un componente activo de metilfenidato y excipientes farmacéuticamente aceptables;en el que dicho primer componente de liberación inmediata (b) tiene una acción de la liberación más lenta que (c);en el que se proporciona del 50 % en p/p al 90 % en p/p del componente activo de metilfenidato mediante el componente de liberación sostenida, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido y en el que dicho comprimido masticable es capaz de dividirse y proporcionar partes de comprimido que conservan una liberación inmediata terapéuticamente eficaz y un perfil de liberación prolongada de 12 horas.
- 3El comprimido masticable de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el que el comprimido masticable tiene un perfil farmacocinético en el que el perfil de concentración en plasma media individual del metilfenidato tiene una media geométrica para el área bajo la curva (AUC)o-~ de aproximadamente 110 ng-h/ml a aproximadamente 140 ng-h/ml, una C máx media geométrica de aproximadamente 10 ng/ml a aproximadamente 15 ng/ml, un T máx de aproximadamente 4 horas a aproximadamente 5,25 horas y una T 1/2 de aproximadamente 5 horas a aproximadamente 7 horas después de una administración oral individual de un comprimido masticable de liberación prolongada en una dosis equivalente a 40 mg de HCl de metilfenidato racémico en adultos.
- 4El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 o la reivindicación 3, en el que el perfil farmacocinético del metilfenidato tiene una media geométrica para AUCo-~ de aproximadamente 113 ng-h/ml en condiciones de ayuno y de aproximadamente 138 ng-h/ml en condiciones de alimentación, una C máx media geométrica de aproximadamente 12 ng/ml a aproximadamente 13 ng/ml en condiciones de ayuno y de alimentación, una T máx media aritmética de aproximadamente 4 a aproximadamente 4,5 horas en condiciones de ayuno y de alimentación y una T 1/2 media aritmética de aproximadamente 5,2 horas en condiciones de ayuno y de alimentación después de una administración oral individual de un comprimido masticable en una dosis equivalente a 40 mg de HCl de metilfenidato racémico en adultos.
- 5El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en el que el componente de metilfenidato de liberación sostenida proporciona del 60 % en p/p al 80 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido masticable, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido.
- 6El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que los componentes de metilfenidato de liberación inmediata (b) y (c), en conjunto, comprenden del 20 % en p/p al 40 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido masticable, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido.
- 7El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, en el que el complejo (b) de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones de liberación inmediata es del 5 % en p/p al 35 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido masticable, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido.
- 8El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, en el que el metilfenidato que no forma un complejo de liberación inmediata es del 5 % en p/p al 35 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido masticable.
- 9El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, en el que el complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones de liberación inmediata proporciona aproximadamente el 15 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido y el metilfenidato que no forma un complejo de liberación inmediata y de acción más rápida proporciona aproximadamente el 15 % en p/p del metilfenidato en el comprimido, basándose en la cantidad total de metilfenidato en el comprimido.
- 10El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 9, en el que el fármaco activo de metilfenidato se selecciona de metilfenidato racémico y dexmetilfenidato o una sal o hidrato de los mismos, en el que, opcionalmente, el fármaco activo de metilfenidato es HCl de metilfenidato.
- 11El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, en el que la relación del complejo (b) de MPH-resina de intercambio de iones sin revestimiento de liberación inmediata respecto al componente (c) de MPH que no forma un complejo de liberación inmediata se encuentra en el intervalo de aproximadamente 3:1, basándose en el peso total de los componentes de liberación inmediata.
- 12El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 10, en el que el comprimido tiene una dureza en el intervalo de 8 kp a 23 kp.
- 13El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 12, en el que el revestimiento de barrera insoluble en agua, permeable al agua e independiente del pH tiene una resistencia a la tracción en un intervalo del 150 % al 400 % y se selecciona de (a) un revestimiento de barrera curado, permeable al agua, no iónico e independiente del pH que comprende polivinilacetato, un estabilizante y un plastificante, aplicado como una dispersión acuosa; (b) un revestimiento de base acrílica, iónico e independiente del pH que comprende un polímero o copolímero que comprende etil acrilato y metil metacrilato aplicado como una dispersión acuosa; en el que, opcionalmente, el revestimiento de base acrílica comprende una mezcla de (i) un poli(etil acrilato-co-metil metacrilato-cotrimetilamonioetil metacrilato cloruro) en una relación de 1:2:0,1 y (ii) poli(etil acrilato-co-metil metacrilato-cotrimetilamonioetil metacrilato cloruro) en una relación de 1:2:0,2;y (c) un revestimiento de etilcelulosa basado en disolvente, opcionalmente, con un plastificante.
- 14El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada que tiene un perfil de liberación prolongada de 12 horas y una acción rápida de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 2 y 5 a 12 o el comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con la reivindicación 13, en el que el revestimiento de barrera sobre la matriz de complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones es un revestimiento de barrera curado, insoluble en agua, permeable al agua, no iónico e independiente del pH que comprende del 70 % en p/p al 90 % en p/p de polivinilacetato, un estabilizante y del 2 % en p/p al 10 % en p/p de un plastificante, basándose en el peso del revestimiento de barrera.
- 15El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 14, en el que el comprimido comprende, además, una capa de revestimiento superior exterior no funcional.
- 16El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con la reivindicación 14, en el que el complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones de liberación inmediata comprende, además, una capa de revestimiento de acabado y/o pigmento.
- 17El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 16 que está ranurado.
- 18El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 17, que comprende, además, uno o más excipientes farmacéuticamente inactivos, en el que, opcionalmente, (a) las cargas se seleccionan del grupo que consiste en manitol, goma xantana, celulosa microcristalina, goma guar y mezclas de los mismos;(b) el disgregante es crospovidona;(c) los lubricantes se seleccionan de uno o más de talco, estearato de magnesio y mezclas de los mismos;y/o (d) el agente de tampón se selecciona de ácido cítrico y sales del mismo.
- 19El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que comprende:del 15 % en p/p al 20 % en p/p del complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones con revestimiento, que es el componente de liberación sostenida;del 1,5 % en p/p al 5 % en p/p del complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones sin revestimiento, que es el componente de liberación inmediata y de acción más lenta;del 0,5 % en p/p al 1 % en p/p de un metilfenidato, que es el componente de liberación inmediata y de acción más rápida;del 45 % en p/p al 85 % en p/p de una o más cargas;del 5 % en p/p al 10 % en p/p de uno o más disgregantes;del 0,1 % en p/p al 10 % en p/p de uno o más agentes de tampón;del 1 % en p/p al 3 % en p/p de uno o más edulcorantes;de 1,1 % en p/p al 3 % en p/p de agente aromatizante;del 1,2 % al 3 % en p/p de uno o más lubricantes;del 0,01 % al 1 % en p/p de uno o más deslizantes;del 0,01 % al 0,5 % en p/p de uno o más colorantes, en el que los porcentajes en peso se basan en el peso total del comprimido antes de cualquier revestimiento de comprimido no funcional opcional.
- 20El comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que comprende:del 16 % en p/p al 18 % en p/p del complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones con revestimiento, que es el componente de liberación sostenida;del 2 % en p/p al 3 % en p/p del complejo de metilfenidato-resina de intercambio de iones sin revestimiento, que es el componente de liberación inmediata y de acción más lenta;del 0,5 % en p/p al 0,8 % en p/p de un metilfenidato que no forma un complejo, que es el componente de liberación inmediata de acción más rápida;del 50 % en p/p al 70 % en p/p de una o más cargas;del 7 % en p/p al 8 % en p/p de uno o más disgregantes;del 0,5 % en p/p al 1,5 % en p/p de uno o más agentes de tampón;del 1 % en p/p al 2 % en p/p de uno o más edulcorantes;de 0,1 % en p/p al 1 % en p/p de agente aromatizante;del 1,5 % en p/p al 3 % en p/p de uno o más lubricantes;del 0,01 % al 1 % en p/p de uno o más deslizantes;del 0,02 % al 0,08 % en p/p de uno o más colorantes, en el que los porcentajes en peso se basan en el peso total del comprimido antes de cualquier revestimiento de comprimido no funcional opcional.
- 21Un comprimido de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 20 para su uso en el tratamiento de un sujeto.
- 22Un comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada individual para su uso en el tratamiento de un sujeto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 21, en el que se administra una cantidad terapéuticamente eficaz de metilfenidato durante al menos doce horas a un sujeto.
Independent claims22
196 paragraphs in 1 section, as filed
<b>DESCRIPTION</b>
Long-release methylphenidate chewable tablet
<b>Background of the invention</b>
Methylphenidate hydrochloride (HCl) and dexmethylphenidate hydrochloride both have the Empirical Formula CuH19NO2<b>-</b>HCl Methylphenidate HCl is a racemic mixture of d, l -treo-methyl a-phenyl-2-piperidineacetate hydrochloride. Several commercial products, including, for example, Ritalin®, Daytrana ™ and Metadate ™, contain methylphenidate HCl as the active drug. Dexmethylphenidate is the d-threo-enantiomer of racemic methylphenidate hydrochloride [product literature Focalin ®]. There are several commercial products that contain dexmethylphenidate as an active drug.
The use of central nervous system stimulants methylphenidate and dexmethylphenidate for the treatment of conditions, such as attention deficit disorder (ADHD) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), has been described in adults and children [ see product literature Focalin®, Concerta®, Ritalin®, Daytrana ™ and Metadate®]. This drug can also be used to treat depression and cognitive impairment after traumatic brain injury [see product literature for the methylphenidate hydrochloride tablet that is commercially available through Lake Erie Medical DBA Quality Care Products LLC and the product literature of the other pharmacological products identified in this document].
Solid dose products of methylphenidate or dexmethylphenidate are available on the market that have an extended release profile of 8 hours according to the product label. These products, which include, for example, Ritalin® LA and Methylin® ER tablets, have product labels that indicate that they should be swallowed whole without crushing or chewing. Liquid dosage forms of methylphenidate have also been described that are predominantly designed for children, including children as young as 3 years of age, who have difficulty swallowing solid dosage forms.
There is still a need for a fast-acting, stable and long-acting methylphenidate product that can be conveniently administered in a suitable manner to patients who have difficulty swallowing solid tablets and capsules.
<b>Summary of the invention</b>
The present invention provides a chewable tablet of extended release methylphenidate that provides a rapid action of MPH and a twelve hour release profile. The chewable tablet can be divided into parts and these tablet parts retain the rapid action and the 12-hour release profile of the intact tablet. In one embodiment, the tablet is slotted to facilitate separation when desired. Medical uses of these prolonged release methylphenidate (MPH) chewable tablets are further provided in the invention.
The chewable extended-release MPH tablet comprises (i) two different components of methylphenidate immediate release, each of which provides a different immediate release profile, and (ii) from about 50% to about 90% in p / p of an ion exchange methylphenidatoresin complex matrix with sustained release barrier coating, based on the total weight of the methylphenidate components.
The first immediate release methylphenidate components is an uncoated ion exchange methylphenidate-resin complex, optionally, in combination with a matrix-forming polymer that is characterized herein as a "slower, immediate-release" slow-acting component. " The second immediate-release component is a faster-release and immediate-acting methylphenidate component that is a methylphenidate, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or a hydrate thereof, as defined herein, which does not form a complex. with or binds to an ion exchange resin. The sustained release component has a barrier coating that is a pH independent release barrier coating, high tensile strength, water insoluble and water permeable.
In another embodiment, the invention provides a slotted chewable tablet, in which the tablet does not significantly modify the in vitro profile of the tablet parts that result from the separation or other division of the intact tablet.
In one embodiment, a chewable tablet of extended release methylphenidate comprises methylphenidate components in a combination (a) of about 60% w / w to 80% w / w of a matrix of methylphenidate-resin exchange complex. sustained release, cured and barrier coated ions, in which the barrier coating comprises polyvinylacetate, and a plasticizer (b) of approximately 10% in w / w approximately 20% in w / w of a combination of a methylphenidate-ion exchange resin without immediate release coating and (c) of approximately 10 % in w / w approximately 20% in w / w of a methylphenidate that does not form an immediate release complex. Throughout this specification, when ratios and / or weight percentages are provided for methylphenidate in each of the three active components, weights are based on the amount of methylphenidate base in each component. As used herein, the term "methylphenidate that does not form a complex" is referred to as the immediate release and fastest acting component and specifically includes a free base methylphenidate, as well as a pharmacologically salt. active and physiologically compatible thereof, including acid addition salts and hydrates thereof; specifically, "methylphenidate that does not form a complex" is excluded from the term "methylphenidate" that joins a complex with an ion exchange resin.
In a further embodiment, the invention provides a medical use for the treatment of patients with a disorder for which methylphenidate has regulatory approval by administering a chewable tablet of extended-release methylphenidate, as described herein.
Further aspects and advantages of the invention will be apparent from the following detailed description of the invention.
<b>Brief description of the drawings</b>
FIG. 1 is a linear graph of the plasma concentration of methylphenidate media as a function of time using non-transformed data. This study provides the pharmacokinetic profile (pK) of an individual oral chewable tablet formulation of the dosed invention as described in Example 2 to provide an amount of methylphenidate equivalent to a dose of 40 mg of methylphenidate HCl. A commercially available immediate release methylphenidate HCl tablet (10 mg chewable tablet of Methylin®, 2 of 20 mg administered six hours apart (q6h)) was used as a reference.
<b>Detailed description of the invention</b>
In one aspect, the invention provides a chewable prolonged release methylphenidate (MPH) tablet. The MPH contains a combination of two different immediate release MPH components and a sustained release MPH component. Suitably, after administration of a single dose of the oral prolonged-release chewable MPH tablet, in some embodiments, a therapeutically effective amount of MPH is achieved in less than about thirty minutes, and as soon as about twenty, ten or fewer minutes, and the formulation provides an extended release profile for at least about 12 hours.
The extended release MPH chewable tablets of the present invention are typically prepared as a single uniform solid dispersion subjected to compression to give a chewable tablet. Suitably, the chewable tablet of the invention is a uniform solid dispersion that provides prolonged release properties even when grooved, such that, when divided, the separate tablet portions retain the extended release profile described herein. document. In one embodiment, the chewable tablet has a hardness of about 5 kilopondios (kp) to about 25 kp, about 8 to about 20 kp or 10 to about 16 kp. One (1) kilopond is one kilogram of force (kgf). Newtons (N) are the unit of strength of the SI and the norm of the SI for the test of hardness of the tablets. 1 kilopond (kp) is equal to 9.80665 Newtons (N). Presented in Newton, rounded to the nearest five, the chewable tablet has a hardness of about 45 N to about 245 N, about 75 N to about 200 N or about 95 N to about 160 N. Optionally, the hardness can be proportional to the dose, with lower doses having lower hardness levels. For example, a 20 mg chewable tablet may have a hardness in the range of about 10 to about 12 kp (from about 98 N to about 118 N), a 30 mg tablet can have a hardness in the range of about 12 to about 14 kp (from about 118 N to about 137 N) and a 40 mg tablet can have a hardness in the range of about 14 kp to about 16 kp (from about 137 N to about 156 N). In one embodiment, the hardness is determined after compression and before the application of any color or other non-functional tablet coating, as defined herein. In one embodiment, the tablet parts meet the friability requirement of the USP. In one embodiment, the friability of both the intact tablet and the tablet parts is less than about 1. A chewable tablet of the invention is distinguished from a quick dissolving tablet or an oral dissolving tablet (ODT) for not dissolving in the mouth in less than 1 minute and, more generally, for not decomposing or dissolving in the oral cavity in less than about 3 to about 5 minutes without chewing.
As used herein, the term "methylphenidate" includes the free base form of the active ingredient which is (i) a racemic mixture of two optical isomers d-threo-methylphenidate and l-threo-methylphenidate or (ii) the active isomer d-treomethylphenidate (also known as dexmethylphenidate). For convenience, methylphenidate is abbreviated as "MPH" in this document. When reference is made herein to methylphenidate or MPH, it will be understood that this term encompasses the racemic mixture (typically 50/50 of d- with respect to l-) or dexmethylphenidate. In cases where only racemate or dexmethylphenidate is desired, reference will be made, specifically, to one or the other. Therefore, as regards the formulations described herein, methylphenidate can be independently selected from racemic methylphenidate (for example, a 50/50 mixture of D-methylphenidate and L-methylphenidate) and dexmethylphenidate. Whether selected from the racemate or dexmethylphenidate, the active drug may be present in the form of salt or hydrate. A suitable salt is the form of the HCl salt. However, other salts can be selected, for example, the acetate salt, the maleate salt or any other pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salt. Methylphenidate can be purchased commercially, for example, as the hydrochloride salt thereof. Alternatively, MPH can be prepared using methods known to those skilled in the art. The processes for the synthesis of methylphenidate and its analogues have been described. See, for example, WO 2010/080787; US Patent Nos. 2,507,631 and 2,957,880 have been indicated as they have processes for the synthesis of threo-methylphenidate and its denantiomer. See, for example, U.S. Patent Application Publication No. 2006/0135777.
As used herein, the term "free methylphenidate" refers to the weight of the methylphenidate base, that is, exclusive to any form of salt or complex.
In one embodiment, a chewable extended-release MPH tablet of the invention contains a methylphenidate in three different forms, (a) an ion-exchange MPH-resin complex with a sustained-release barrier coating, optionally, in a matrix, (b) a complex of MPH-ion exchange resin without coating of immediate release and slower action, optionally, in a matrix, and (c) an MPH that does not form a complex of immediate release and faster action. Although the source of the MPH in the working examples herein was the same, it will be understood that the MPH can be independently selected for each of the components (a), (b) and (c). For example, the complexes of each (a) and (b) can be produced using the same MPH (for example, racemic MPH) and (c) can be a different MPH (for example, dexMPH). Alternatively, the complexes of each of (a) and (b) can be produced using different MPH and the MPH of (c) can be independently selected.
As used herein, the term "extended release" ("ER") refers to compositions that are characterized by having at least one of the active components (ie, MPH or dexMPH) that They have a release for a period of at least about 12 hours. As with the formulations described herein, "prolonged release" can be achieved by an individual formulation containing two "immediate release" and one "sustained release" components (ie, a release for approximately 12 hours ). The release profile can be evaluated by in vitro dissolution using techniques known to those skilled in the art [eg, the USP basket method, the paddle method, the channel flow method or other methods known in the literature ]. The release profile can be evaluated in vivo (for example, in terms of bioavailability determinations), using plasma concentrations to assess the maximum plasma concentration (C<sup>max</sup>) and the area under the curve (AUC in English). Such tests are well known by those skilled in the art. [See, for example, W. Wargin et al., Pharmacokinetics of methylphenidate in man, rat and monkey. J Pharmacol Exp Ther August 1983 226: 382-386].
The term "immediate release" ("IR") is the release of an active ingredient (eg, MPH) from a pharmaceutical formulation in which the release rate of the active pharmaceutical principle from the pharmaceutical formulation is not delayed by means of a controlled release matrix or other similar means and in which the components of the pharmaceutical formulation are designed such that, after ingestion, maximum exposure of said active pharmaceutical principle to body tissues occurs in the minimum period of time. As described herein, an "immediate release" MPH component is preferably released in less than 1 hour. The present invention provides a chewable extended-release tablet having two different components of immediate-release MPH, each of which provides a different release profile.
Suitably, one of the immediate release components provides a faster action, that is, a release and a therapeutic effect in less than 30 minutes, preferably, less than 20 minutes and in just ten minutes or earlier. This immediate release component is an MPH that does not form a complex that is defined in the specification. A second different immediate release component provides a different immediate release pharmacokinetic profile, which is released in less than about an hour, as soon as in about 45 minutes or as soon as in about 30 minutes. Typically, this immediate release component is not released as quickly as the fastest acting component. Suitably, this immediate-release and slow-acting component is an uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex, which is optionally in a matrix with a matrix-forming polymer. When present in the immediate release component, the matrix-forming polymer is selected such that the resulting uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex (optionally, in a matrix) retains an immediate release profile. For convenience, no reference is made to the optional matrix in each sentence in which the uncoated complex is treated. However, it will be understood that this Uncoated complex may contain such a component. The release profiles of the two different immediate release components may overlap.
In one embodiment, the immediate-release and faster-acting component (the MPH that does not form a complex) releases almost 100% of the MPH in approximately the first twenty to thirty minutes after administration. In another embodiment, the MPH-resin ion exchange complex without immediate release and slower release releases at least about 50% of the MPH in about the first hour after administration and at least about 80% of the MPH in approximately 90 minutes after administration.
In one example, the MPH-ion exchange resin complex with sustained release barrier coating, optionally, in a matrix, is present in an amount of about 50% w / w or about 90% w / w , from about 60% in w / w to about 80% in w / w of about 68% in w / w about 72% in w / w of the MPH components in the chewable tablet. The two immediate release components are combined to provide from about 10% in w / w to about 50% in w / w, from about 20% in w / w to about 40% in w / w or about 25% in w / w approximately 30% in w / w of the MPH components in the chewable tablet. The uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex component is designed to be immediate release, as defined herein, and, as such, does not contain a coating that functions to retard release (eg. , no functional amount of a barrier coating or enteric extended release coating). Suitably, the immediate-release ion exchange MPH-resin complex is present in an amount of about 5% in w / w about 30% in w / w, or about 10% in w / w approximately 20% in w / w of the MPH components in the chewable tablet. The extended-release component and the immediate-release ion exchange MPH-resin complex are also in combination with an MPH drug that does not form a complex. The other IR component, which is the MPH drug that does not form a complex, is present in an amount of about 5% in w / w or about 30% in w / w, or about 10% in w / pa approximately 20% in w / w of the components of MPH in the chewable tablet. In one embodiment, the weight percentages of MPH provided by each of the two immediate release components are the same. However, in other embodiments, it may be desirable to provide the MPH in the immediate release components in different weight percentages.
When expressed as a ratio, the ratio of the two immediate release components comprising MPH in a ratio of uncoated MPH-resin complex (optionally, in a matrix) to that of methylphenidate that does not form a complex in the tablet Chewable is generally in the range of about 6: 1 (uncoated MPH complex: MPH that does not form a complex) to about 1: 6 (uncoated MPH complex: MPH that does not form a complex) or from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2. In one embodiment, the ratio of the MPH-resin complex with extended release coating to the uncoated MPH complex is in the range of about 18: 1 (coated MPH: uncoated MPH complex) to about 5: 3 (coated MPH complex: uncoated MPH complex) or from about 8: 1 to about 3: 1.
In one embodiment, the ratio of MPH in the coated MPH-resin complex: uncoated MPH-resin complex: MPH that does not form a complex is from 80: 10: 10 to about 70: 15: 15. However, Other suitable relationships, including those in which the MPH in the two immediate release components differ from each other, may be selected within the ranges provided herein.
The term "initial administration" is defined for the purposes of the present invention as the first individual dose of a formulation containing an active ingredient administered to a patient or subject or the first dose administered to a patient or subject after a cleaning period. of the right organism.
As is often the case with psychoactive drugs, a therapeutic result regarding MPH is not only related to the plasma levels of the drug. Therefore, a "therapeutically effective amount" of MPH includes the minimum amount of the drug required to provide a clinically observable psychological and / or behavioral response. A therapeutically effective amount of MPH can be defined, as an alternative, as at least the minimum amount of MPH that reduces or eliminates the symptoms associated with a condition for which the use of MPH has been approved. Suitable doses are discussed in more detail later in the present specification.
Additionally, because the chewable MPH tablet described herein retains its prolonged release properties even when slotted. In addition, even after dividing into other suitable parts, it is convenient for doctors to reduce the dose so that patients introduce the drug in a smaller dose or in incremental doses of medication to patients whose needs so require. This ability to divide the dose into parts allows doctors to take into account the individual needs of the patient, including factors such as age, body weight and individual response to medication, without the need to take multiple doses over a period of twelve hours of another product that offer only immediate release.
A "methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex" refers to the product that results from the loading of a methylphenidate salt onto a cation exchange resin. Methods for the preparation of such complexes have been described, for example, in WO 2007/109104. This describes the formation of complexes that occurs when the active agent and the ion exchange resin are mixed together in an aqueous medium to facilitate the "exchange" between the salt of the MPH and the "cation" of the exchange resin. ions and complex formation, which can be referred to as "methylphenidate polistirex."
WO 2007/109104 also describes polyvinylacetate-based barrier coatings that are particularly very suitable for use in the formulations described herein to provide a sustained release coating on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex. . However, one skilled in the art may select other barrier coatings to provide sustained release characteristics to the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex.
As used herein, a "precoated" MPH-resin exchange ion complex or a "precoated" MPH-resin exchange matrix matrix refers to a particle to be coated. subsequently with a barrier coating, as defined herein. In some embodiments, in cases where the MPH-ion exchange resin complex or the MPH-ion exchange resin complex matrix should be used as one of the immediate release components and no application should be applied. Barrier coating, this / this is referred to as "uncoated".
As used herein, a barrier coating is a water permeable polymer or copolymer, insoluble in water and independent of the pH which, in the present invention, confers a sustained release to the matrix of MPH-resin complex of ion exchange with coating. In one embodiment, the barrier coating is independent of pH, not ionic and is applied, for example, as an aqueous suspension, on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex with precoating and forms a separate layer on the same. In another embodiment, the barrier coating is pH independent, non-ionic and is applied as a solvent-based coating, on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin with precoating and forms a separate layer thereon. In yet another embodiment, the barrier coating is pH independent, ionic and is applied on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex with precoating to form a separate layer thereon. Preferably, the barrier coating is directly on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex with precoating and the barrier coating layer, that is, there are no intermediate layers between the barrier coating and the matrix complex of MPH-ion exchange resin with precoating. Depending on the polymeric material selected, the barrier coating polymer or copolymer can be cured to maximize its properties depending on the barrier coating selected. These polymers and their curing requirements are discussed in more detail elsewhere in this specification.
A "methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex matrix" refers to an MPH-ion exchange resin complex which is further combined, for example, before or during granulation, with a polymeric material that forms a matrix with the MPH-ion exchange resin complex.
In one embodiment, a "methylphenidate polystyrene" refers to the complex formed by loading a methylphenidate onto or reacting a methylphenidate with an ion exchange resin. This expression and the expression "MPH-ion exchange resin complex" can be used interchangeably throughout this document.
The term "matrix-forming polymer" or "matrix-forming polymeric material" refers to both water-insoluble polymers / copolymers and water-soluble polymers / copolymers that form a matrix with the MPH-resin exchange complex. ions after mixing or granulating with them. Suitably, the matrix-forming polymer is non-reactive with the MPH and the ion exchange resin. The matrix-forming polymer may be the water-insoluble polymers / copolymers and polymeric systems that have been described as release retardants [see, for example, the polymers treated in US Patent 8062677] and those hydrophilic polymer systems that have been described in the literature as impregnating or solvating agents [see, for example, the polymers treated in US Patent 8062677 and US Patent 4221778]. In one embodiment, an MPH-ion exchange resin complex matrix may include more than one polymeric matrix forming system. For example, an MPH-ion exchange resin complex matrix may contain both a hydrophilic polymer and a hydrophobic polymer. An "uncoated ion exchange methylphenidate-resin complex" may optionally be in a matrix. In this case, the matrix forming polymer does not alter the ability of the component to provide an immediate release profile. For example, a polyvinylpyrrolidone can be selected. However, the matrix-forming polymer can alter the release rate of this complex, while still maintaining an immediate release profile, as defined herein.
The following terms and expressions are used in the specification and should be interpreted in accordance with the definitions in this document.
The term "C<sup>max</sup>”Is the maximum plasma concentration observed, calculated as the geometric mean of the maximum individual blood plasma concentrations.
The expression "maximum mean plasma concentration" (C<sup>max </sup>mean) is defined for the purposes of the present invention as the mean maximum plasma drug concentration.
The term "mean plasma concentration" is the geometric mean blood plasma concentration.
The term "T<sup>max</sup>”Is the moment at which the peak (maximum) of blood plasma drug concentration was observed for each individual involved in the bioavailability study.
The term "AUC<sup>0-</sup>~ "Or" AUC<sup>inf</sup>”Is the average area under the plasma-time concentration curve extrapolated to infinity. This is calculated as the arithmetic mean of the area under the plasma-time concentration curve from the moment 0 extrapolated to infinity, calculated for each individual involved in the bioavailability study. AUCpR is the area under the curve of the average population T<sup>max </sup>of the reference formulation. AUC<sup>ü-t </sup>it is the area under the plasma / serum / blood-time concentration curve from time zero to time t, in which t is the last point with a measurable concentration for the individual formulation.
The T / R ratio refers to the test formulation (chewable tablet of MPH of ER (40 mg)) with respect to the reference formulation (R) (chewable tablet of 10 mg of Methylin® IR).
The% of CV between subjects refers to the geometric coefficient of variation (CV) between the subjects.
The term "half-life" is the apparent terminal elimination half-life (T<sup>1/2</sup>).
The words and expressions "comprise", "understand" and "which understands / n" should be interpreted in an inclusive rather than exclusive manner. The words and expressions "consist", "which consists / n", and their variants, must be interpreted exclusively, rather than inclusive.
As used herein, the term "approximately" means a variability of 10% of the reference provided, unless otherwise specified.
Methylphenidate / dexmethylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex
A selected MPH can form a complex with, or be loaded onto, a cation exchange resin, using methods known in the art. See, for example, WO 2007/109104 and the documents cited therein. Cation exchange resins are easily selected for use, as described herein.
Several of the processing steps described herein, including, for example, loading, pre-washing, complex formation and granulation, can be carried out in a multi-purpose apparatus, for example, such as PEF 450 [Pall SeitzSchenk] processor, or other similar or larger-scale multi-purpose device that is commercially available [eg, from Rosenmund, US Patent No. 5,609,835]. The vessel is capable of or is adapted to pivot and has an individual chamber with the capacity for handling a reaction / crystallization, filtration, resuspension and drying. Such a vessel is typically provided with a water jacket connected to a thermostatically controlled heating and cooling system. Alternatively, the processing steps described herein can be carried out in another type of apparatus or multiple different apparatus, as is known in the art.
Ion exchange resins
Cation exchange resins vary in resistance, that is, in their ability to exchange cations. In one embodiment, a relatively strong cationic resin is selected, for example, Amberlite® IRP69, manufactured by Rohm and Haas (a sulfonated copolymer of styrene and divinylbenzene). Alternatively, a relatively weak cation exchange resin can be selected, for example, an Amberlite ® IRP88 [from Rohm and Haas, a crosslinked polymer of methacrylic acid and divinylbenzene)], a weakly acidic cation exchange (potassium ions) resin with 4% cross-linked methacrylate (100 to 500 mesh, equivalent to between approximately 150 micrometers and approximately 27 micrometers, according to ASTM) or an Amberlite® 64 (a polyacryxyl (hydrogen ions) resin of divinylbenzene and methacrylic acid polymer, from Rohm and Haas, with a particle size ranging from 100 to 400 mesh (equivalent to between 35 micrometers and 150 micrometers, with size according to the ASTM standard), with a capacity of ~ 10 meq / g in dry weight). In addition, particles formed either regularly or irregularly can be used as exchange resins of cations according to the present invention. Regularly formed particles are those particles that substantially conform to geometric shapes, such as spherical, elliptical, cylindrical and the like, which are exemplified by Dowex® 50WX8 (The Dow Chemical Company). Irregularly shaped particles are all particles that are not considered to be regularly shaped, such as particles with amorphous shapes and particles with increased surface areas due to surface channels or distortions. Irregularly formed ion exchange resins of this type are exemplified by Amberlite® IRP-69 (manufactured by Rohm & Haas), the use of which is illustrated in the examples below. This cation exchange resin is a sulfonated polymer composed of crosslinked polystyrene with approximately 8% divinylbenzene, with an ion exchange capacity of approximately 4.5 to 5.5 meq / g dry resin (form H<sup>+</sup>). Another cation exchange resin that has similar properties is Dowex® 50WX8 (H + form, linear formula, C<sup>10</sup>H<sup>12 </sup>■ C<sup>10</sup>H<sup>10 </sup>■ C<sup>b</sup>H<sup>s</sup>)<sup>x</sup>, with a mesh size of 200-400 mesh, which is equivalent to between approximately 75 micrometers and approximately 35 micrometers, according to the ASTM standard). The Amberlite® IRP-69 consists of irregularly shaped particles with a size range of approximately 100 to approximately 500 mesh (from approximately 150 micrometers to approximately 27 micrometers, according to the ASTM standard). The Dowex® 50WX8 conforms more regularly. Resins are purchased, in general, with a size ranging from about 25 micrometers to about 400 micrometers. However, other sizes can be selected or particles of larger sizes can be ground to provide smaller particle sizes.
The selected ion exchange resins can also be treated by the manufacturer or the buyer to maximize safety for pharmaceutical use or for improved performance of the compositions. The impurities present in the resins can be removed or neutralized by the use of common chelating agents, antioxidants and preservatives, such as disodium edetate, sodium bisulfite, sodium metabisulfite and so on, by incorporation into any preparation stage either before complex formation or during complex formation or later. These impurities, together with their chelating agent to which they are bound, can be removed before further use of the ion exchange resin.
The amount of methylphenidate that a complex with a resin can form will typically vary from about 5% to about 50% by weight of the MPH-ion exchange resin complex particles. One skilled in the art with limited experience can determine the optimal charge for any MPH-resin ion exchange complex. In one embodiment, a charge of about 10% to about 40% by weight, more desirably, from about 15% by weight to about 30% by weight, or about 25% of the particles may be employed. of MPH-ion exchange resin complex. In one embodiment, a composition of the invention contains MPH that forms a complex with a sodium polystyrene sulfonate resin in a ratio of 20 MPH (based on the weight of the MPH salt) with respect to 300 resin or 80 MPH (based on the weight of the MPH salt) with respect to 100 resin. In another embodiment, the ratio of MPH (based on the weight of the MPH salt) to the resin is from 4:10 to 1:10 or from about 4:10 to about 2:10. In a further embodiment, dexMPH allows the use of about half of the amount of active agent required when racemic MPH is the active drug.
In one embodiment, after complex formation, an MPH-ion exchange resin complex can be ground, in no particular order, to achieve the desired size range and can be dried (for example, to a moisture content less than about 10%, for example, from about 3% to about 7%) and then can be stored for future use. In one embodiment, the complex is ground or passed through a sieve to provide a particle size ranging from about 40 micrometers to about 410 micrometers to enhance mouthfeel (i.e. texture) or about 50 micrometers to about 250 micrometers. These particles can be shaped either regularly or irregularly. In some embodiments, the average particle size of the uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex or the average particle size of the coated ion exchange MPH-resin complex is milled to a size of about 100 to about 200 micrometers These particle sizes can be determined using sieve analysis through a sieve shaker that has conventional USP wire mesh sieves that meet ASTM specifications.
In one embodiment, a matrix forming polymer is combined with the MPH-ion exchange resin complex following partial complex formation or by reducing the moisture content of the wet ion exchange MPH-resin complex up to range from about 15 to about 25% or other suitable amount. The treatment of the MPH-ion exchange resin complex with the matrix forming polymer is as follows.
MPH-ion exchange resin complex matrix
Optionally, a matrix-forming polymer is used to aid the processing of an uncoated or pre-coated MPH-resin exchange complex. For example, a matrix-forming polymer can be used to facilitate granulation of the immediate-release MPH component (eg, the uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex). Alternatively, the polymer can be used. matrix former for another purpose.
In one embodiment, a polyvinylpyrrolidone polymer [for example, as commercially available as Kollidon® 30] is combined with the methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex in order to facilitate granulation before coating. Other hydrophilic polymeric granulation agents may include water-soluble polymeric materials that have been described in the art as impregnating agents or solvation agents and which function in the present disclosure as granulation agents. In one embodiment, the granulation agent is a polyethylene glycol. Examples of desirable impregnation / solvation agents include those described in U.S. Patent Application No. 11 / 724,966, filed March 15, 2007, published as US 2007-0215511A, September 20, 2007, and Meadows, US 2003-0099711, or in US Patent No. 4,221,778 and published US Patent Application Publication No. US 2003/0099711 A1. Specific examples of other impregnating agents include propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose and sorbitol.
Optionally, the MPH release rate of the compositions of the present invention can be mixed or granulated with a water-soluble or water-insoluble polymer or a combination of water-insoluble polymers before application of the diffusion barrier barrier permeable to water described herein. After mixing, these polymers do not form a separate layer on the MPH-ion exchange resin complex, but rather form a matrix therewith. Examples of suitable matrix forming polymers include, for example, a polyvinyl acetate polymer or a mixture of polymers containing the same (for example, K<sup>or </sup>LLICOAT® SR 30D), cellulose acetates, ethyl cellulose polymers (for example, AQUACOAT ™ ECD-30 or SURELEASE ™), acrylic-based polymers or copolymers (for example, represented by the EUDRAGIT family of acrylic resins), cellulose phthalate or any combination of polymeric systems or water insoluble polymers. These matrix-forming polymers, when used, may further prolong or alter the release of MPH from the ion exchange resin complex / matrix and maximize the desired release profile. Another suitable polymer is a polyvinyl acetate polymer, as described herein, or an acrylic polymer of the EUDRAGIT family. Examples of suitable acrylic polymers of the EUDRAGlT family may include, for example, a copolymer comprising ethyl acrylate and methyl methacrylate (e.g., LUDRAGlT® NE-30D) or LUDrAg IT® RS30D, RL30D, which are largely independent polymers of pH. LUDRAGlT® RS30D is a 30% aqueous dispersion of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-cotrimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) in a ratio of 1: 2: 0.1; Other aqueous dispersions of this copolymer can be selected. Eudragit® RL30 D is a 30% aqueous dispersion of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-cotrimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) of 1: 2: 0.2; Other aqueous dispersions of this copolymer can be selected for use in the invention. Although less desirable, certain pH-dependent (enteric) polymers may be selected which include, for example, elements of the EUDRAGlT family of polymers, for example, polymers L, S and E, and others that are commercially available. .
The amount of polymer that is added to an uncoated or pre-coated MPH-resin exchange complex as a matrix-forming polymer typically ranges from about 1% to about 30%, or from about 3 to about 20%, or from about 3 to about 10%, from about 10% to about 15%, from about 15 to 25%, or from about 1 to about 5% or more by weight of the MPH-ion exchange resin particles uncoated or precoated before coating. However, larger or smaller quantities can be selected. In one embodiment, in cases where it is desired that the matrix-forming polymer have little or no effect on the release rate, a hydrophilic polymer can be selected and used in a greater amount, while a release retardant hydrophobic, if selected for use, will be used in a smaller amount. After mixing, of the MPH-ion exchange resin particles uncoated or pre-coated with the matrix forming polymer, the mixture is dried and the MPH-ion exchange resin complex granules are ground suitable way up to the desired particle size.
As for the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex with prior coating to be coated and the MPH-resin complex of uncoated ion exchange, the particles are milled through a size smaller than about 410 micrometers or , in general, in the range of about 50 micrometers to about 410 micrometers or about 100 micrometers to about 410 micrometers. This can be achieved, for example, by using a CO-MIL device equipped with a 40 mesh screen. In one embodiment, the particles have an average size of about 100 to about 250 micrometers or about 100 to about 200 micrometers. In some cases, milling can be carried out before the complex or matrix matrix is completely dried, and then again dried, followed by milling to obtain the desired complex characteristics. These particle sizes can be determined using sieve analysis through a sieve shaker that has conventional USP wire mesh sieves that meet ASTM specifications.
Barrier coating for sustained release
The sustained release component of an MPH chewable tablet of the invention contains a matrix of methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex with a barrier coating that modifies the release profile of the methylphenidate-ion exchange resin matrix matrix, such that methylphenidate has approximately a sustained release profile of 12 hours . Suitably, the barrier coating has a pH independent release (i.e., this is not an enteric coating having a pH dependent release) and is a water insoluble and water permeable coating material. In a preferred embodiment, neither the chewable tablet nor any of its components has an enteric coating.
Suitably, the properties of the barrier coating provide sustained release properties to the complex of MPH-ion exchange resin with barrier coating, which is MPH-ion exchange resin optionally in a matrix. When the matrix is present, the barrier coating is applied on the matrix of MPH-ion exchange resin complex. The barrier coating provides the sustained release component with resistance to crushing forces that allows the parts of a chewable tablet of the invention to provide a sustained release MPH profile even when cut into pieces.
The barrier coating has a high flexibility or elongation (elasticity) at breakage characteristic measured by the texture analyzer TA-XT2 HiR (Stable Microsystems) and by the method indicated by the manufacturer in his literature [ie Jan-Peter Mittwollen , Evaluation of the Mechanical Behavior of Different Sustained Release Polymers, Business Briefing: Pharmagenerics, 2003, p. 1-3, BASF], with a tensile strength in a range of at least about 150% to about 400%. When the polyvinylacetate-based barrier coating described herein is selected, this is achieved without substantially increasing the adhesion of the polymer film greater than about 2 (in which the film is measured by the Hossel method to which it is made. reference above, regardless of any composition on which it has been deposited).
In one embodiment, the barrier coating layer is from about 10% to about 70%, by weight, or from about 15% to about 65%, by weight, of the optional methylphenidate-resin complex matrix. ion exchange with precoating in order to provide the sustained release component. In another embodiment, the barrier coating layer is from about 20% to about 50%, from about 25% to about 40% by weight, from about 25% to about 35% by weight, or about 30%, by weight, of the optional matrix of methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex with precoating (ie, before coating). A person skilled in the art can determine other suitable intervals, the information having been provided herein.
The barrier coating is applied on the optional matrix of uncoated or pre-coated MPH-resin exchange complex (for example, as an aqueous dispersion or solution), dried and ground or passed through of a screen, such that the particles of the optional matrix of barrier-coated ion exchange MPH-resin complex are in the same size range as described in the previous paragraph, that is, in the range of about 50 to about 410 micrometers.
In one embodiment, the barrier coating is applied as an aqueous dispersion that dries in order to provide the desired sustained release profile. In the case of a water-based polyvinylacetate coating, the coating is cured in order to provide the desired release profile.
In one embodiment, the barrier coating is applied as an aqueous dispersion of a water insoluble polymer comprising a polyvinyl acetate polymer or a mixture of polymers comprising a polyvinyl acetate polymer. In one embodiment, the barrier coating also contains a plasticizer, which can facilitate uniform coating of the MPH-ion exchange resin complex and enhances the tensile strength of the barrier coating layer.
A coating composition useful in the present invention is applied in the form of an aqueous dispersion containing an aqueous coating dispersion based on polyvinylacetate polymer (PVA) and a plasticizer. PVA is insoluble in water at room temperature. PVA can be used either substantially in pure form or as a mixture. In cases where the barrier coating comprises a PVA polymer, the PVA polymer is present in an amount of about 70% to about 90% w / w of the final barrier coating layer, at least approximately 75%, at least approximately 80%, approximately 85% w / w of the final barrier coating layer. In general, a plasticizer is used in the percentage range or a mixture of plasticizers are combined to a total of about 2 to about 50% by weight of the coating layer, more preferably about 2.5% to about 20% by weight of the coating layer on the MPH-ion exchange resin complex. Preferably, the plasticizer that is in a range of about 2.5 to about 15% by weight of the coating layer based on the coated complex provides the most desirable properties. Suitable plasticizers can be soluble in water and insoluble in water. Examples of suitable plasticizers include, for example, dibutyl sebacate, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl alcohol, triethyl citrate, triethyl acetyl citrate, tributyl acetyl citrate, tributyl citrate, triacetin and Soluphor® P (2- pyrrolidone) and mixtures thereof. Other plasticizers are described in US Patent Application Publication 2003/0099711 A1.29 May 2003, page 4 (0041).
A commercial polyvinyl acetate mixture contains primarily a polyvinyl acetate polymer, a stabilizer and minor amounts of a surfactant, such as sodium lauryl sulfate. In cases where the barrier coating comprises PVP as a stabilizer component, the final barrier coating layer generally contains from about 5 to about 10% w / w polyvinyl pyrrolidone. In a desired embodiment, the aqueous-based barrier coating solution is KOLLICOAT® SR 30 D (BASF Corporation) and whose composition is approximately 27% PVA polymer, approximately 2.7% polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), approximately 0.3% sodium lauryl sulfate (solids content of 30% w / w), mixed with a plasticizer. See, also, U.S. Patent 6,066,334 and U.S. Patent 6,026,277. The PVP and the surfactant help stabilize the aqueous dispersion of the PVA. In general, such stabilizing components are present in an amount totaling less than about 10% in w / w and preferably less than about 5% in w / w. Optionally, a selected surfactant is present in an amount of about 1% or less. In one embodiment, the surfactant is a nonionic surfactant. Optionally, an ionic surfactant can be selected.
In a particularly desirable embodiment, the desired modified release is obtained when the formed coating layer is dried and cured by application of the aqueous dispersion containing the KOLLICOAT® SR-30D plasticizer. Preferably, the coating is cured for about 1 to about 24 hours. In alternative embodiments, the coating is cured for about 4 to about 16 hours and, preferably, about 5 hours at high temperature, for example, from about 50 ° C to about 65 ° C and, preferably, about 60 ° C. Thus, in one embodiment, the coated cation exchange MPH-resin complex matrix has a cured, water-permeable, high tensile, water insoluble barrier coating comprising a non-ionic polymer and a plasticizer and which has an elongation factor in the range of approximately 150% to 400% on the matrix of MPH-cation exchange resin complex. In one embodiment, the barrier coating comprises a polyvinyl acetate polymer, a stabilizer, a surfactant and a plasticizer. In one embodiment, a barrier coating comprises about 2.5 to about 15% plasticizer, about 70 to about 90% polyvinyl acetate, about 5 to about 10% polyvinylpyrrolidone and about 0.1 to about 1% surfactant. See, for example, Mehta et al., U.S. Published Patent Application No. US 2007 0215511 A, published September 20, 2007, and its equivalent application, WO 2007/109104.
It may be possible to select other systems based on aqueous or non-aqueous solvents that do not require curing. For example, an aqueous-based acrylic polymer (a mixture of Eudragit® RL30D and Eudragit® RS30D) is described herein, but requires the addition of a non-stick agent, such as, for example, glycerol talc or monostearate ( GMS in English), in order to facilitate processing and even coating.
In one embodiment, the coating may be an LUDRAGIT® brand acrylate-based coating material [including, for example, a polymeric system of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-cotrimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride)]. For example, Eudragit® RS 30D [a 30% aqueous dispersion independent of the pH of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) of 1: 2: 0,1)] or Eudragit® RL 30D [ a 30% aqueous dispersion, of pH-independent polymer, of poly (ethyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate-co-trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) of 1: 2: 0.2)] can be selected as a barrier coating. In one embodiment, a mixture of Eudragit® RS 30D and Eudragit® RL 30D can be prepared to optimize the hydrophilicity / hydrophobicity of the film in order to achieve desirable release profiles. Suitably, a plasticizer can be included in the coating composition. In one embodiment, the barrier coating comprises from about 2.5 to about 15% plasticizer. The plasticizers are individual or a combination of these hydrophilic or lipophilic with a dispersion or suspension containing the barrier coating polymer. Such plasticizers include, for example, propylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, triacetin, triethyl citrate, dibutyl sebacate, vegetable oil, lipids, etc. Optionally, a suitable non-stick agent can be mixed with one of the Eudragit ™ products to improve flow during coating and to address product adhesion problems during processing. Suitable non-stick agents include, for example, talc, glycerol monostearate (GMS) and mixtures thereof. Suitably, these agents are present in an amount of about 0.2% - 4.5% w / w based on the dry weight of the coating polymer applied to form the coating layer of the sustained release component. Typically, the coating layer resulting from the application of the mixture described in this paragraph does not undergo any cure.
Optionally, another barrier coating can be selected. In another embodiment, the non-aqueous solvent-based ethyl cellulose, as commercially available [such as Dow's ETHOCEL ™ product line], can be modified in order to achieve the barrier coating characteristics defined in the Present document, for example, by adding a sufficient amount of plasticizer to improve flexibility and / or by curing at a temperature sufficient to achieve the desired release rate. The Dow website describes three of these products, Std 7 (with viscosity of 6 - 8 mPa-s (CP); Std 10 (9-11 mPa-s (CP); Std 20 (18-22 mPa- S) (each of which has an ethoxy content of 48.0-49.5%) as useful for coating tablets. In addition, the optional combination of one of these polymers in combination with a water soluble excipient and / or water soluble active, such as a METHOCEL ™ cellulose ether and / or CARBOWAX ™ polyethylene glycols is further described. Alternatively, it may be possible to modify an aqueous-based ethylcellulose barrier coating in order to achieve the extended release barrier coating characteristics required herein, for example, by adding a sufficient amount of plasticizer to improve flexibility and / or by curing at a temperature sufficient to achieve the desired release rate. See, for example, the barrier coatings described in Kolter et al., U.S. Patent 6,066,334 and U.S. Patent 6,046,277 and see, also, for example, Wen, U.S. Patents 6,046,277 and 6,001,392; Meadows, U.S. Published Patent Application No. 2003/0099711 and related application WO 03/020242; Sovereign Pharmaceuticals, WO 2006/022996 and related applications for US published patent applications No. US2005 / 0232986; US2005 / 0232987; US2005 / 0232993; US2005 / 0266032; Bess et al., U.S. Patent 7,067,116; Goede et al., U.S. Patent No. 6,667,058, Wen et al., U.S. Patent 6,001,392, among others.
A coating, as described herein, can be applied using the techniques described by the polymer manufacturer and / or the techniques that are known to those skilled in the art. Suitable methods and apparatus have been described in the patent and non-patent literature and include, for example, spraying in a fluid bed processor. The coating solution can be sprayed in a fluid bed processor (for example, a VECTOR ™ FLM-1 fluid bed processor) using the Wurster process. Next, the coated MPH-resin complex is dried and / or cured. The optional matrix of methylphenidate-dried ion exchange resin complex, optionally cured and coated can be passed through a suitable screen in order to ensure that the particle size is in the desired range, for example, that is able to impersonate a conventional 40 mesh screen. In one embodiment, the (optionally matrix) granules of MPH-dried ion exchange resin optionally cured and coated have an average particle size in the range of about 100 micrometers to about 450 micrometers or about 150 to approximately 300 micrometers
DOSE FORMULATIONS ENDED
The invention provides chewable prolonged release MPH tablets. In order to prepare the finished dosage form, the three components of MPH are mixed with excipients and compressed to a chewable tablet. In one embodiment, the excipients do not provide the prolonged release properties of the chewable tablet. The sustained release profile is provided by the complex matrix component of MPH-ion exchange resin with sustained release barrier coating.
The three components of MPH can be pre-mixed in the desired relationship with each other before mixing with the excipients, described below. Alternatively, each of the three components of MPH is added separately and mixed with the excipients.
As described hereinbefore, the MPH-ion exchange resin complex with sustained release barrier coating, optionally, in a matrix, is present in an amount of about 50% w / w approximately 90% in w / w, of approximately 60% in w / w approximately 80% in w / w of approximately 65% in w / w approximately 75% in w / w of the MPH components in the chewable tablet Thus, the two immediate release components combine to provide about 10% in w / w about 50% in w / w, about 20% in w / w about 40% in w / w of about 25% in w / w approximately 35% in w / w of the MPH in the chewable tablet. The uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex component is designed to be immediate release, as defined herein, and, as such, does not contain a coating that works to slow release (eg. , no functional amount of a barrier coating or enteric extended release coating). Suitably, the immediate-release and slow-acting ion-exchange MPH-resin complex supplies from about 5% in w / w to about 25% in w / w, or about 10% in w / pa approximately 20% in w / w of the MPH in the chewable tablet. The extended-release component and the MPH-ion exchange complex without immediate release coating are also in combination with an MPH drug that does not form a complex. The MPH drug that does not form an immediate-release and faster-acting complex is present in an amount of about 5% in w / w about 30% in w / w, or about 10% in w / w approximately 20% in w / w of the MPH in the chewable tablet. When the two immediate release components are expressed as a ratio, the ratio of the MPH in the uncoated (optional matrix) complex of MPH-resin to the MPH that does not form a complex in the chewable tablet is generally found in the range of approximately 6: 1 (MPH-resin complex uncoated ion exchange: MPH that does not form a complex) at about 1: 6 (MPH-uncoated ion exchange resin complex: MPH that does not form a complex) or from about 2: 1 to about 1: 2. In one embodiment, the MPH ratio of the MPH-ion exchange resin complex with extended release coating to the MPH of the immediate release component of uncoated MPH is in the range of about 18: 1 (uncoated MPH: (optional matrix of) uncoated ion exchange MPH-resin complex) at about 5: 3 (with coating: without coating) or from about 8: 1 to about 3: 1.
In an example of a chewable tablet of the invention, a chewable tablet of extended-release methylphenidate has a pharmacokinetic profile in which the AUCü- ~ for methylphenidate has a geometric mean of about 110 ng-h / ml to about 140 ng- h / ml, one C<sup>max </sup>geometric mean of about 10 ng / ml to about 15 ng / ml, a T<sup>max </sup>from about 4 hours to about 5.25 hours and a T<sup>1/2 </sup>from about 5 hours to about 7 hours after an individual oral administration of a prolonged-release chewable tablet in a dose equivalent to 40 mg of racemic MPH HCl in adults.
In another example, the methylphenidate chewable tablet has a pharmacokinetic profile in which the AUCü- ~ for methylphenidate has a geometric mean of approximately 113 ng-h / ml under fasting conditions and approximately 138 ng-h / ml under conditions power, a C<sup>max </sup>geometric mean of approximately 12 ng / ml to approximately 13 ng / ml under fasting and feeding conditions, a T<sup>max </sup>arithmetic mean of about 4 to about 4.5 hours under fasting and feeding conditions and a T<sup>1/2 </sup>arithmetic mean of approximately 5.2 hours under fasting and feeding conditions, after an individual oral administration of a chewable extended-release tablet in a dose equivalent to 40 mg of racemic MPH HCl in adults. For example, the chewable extended-release tablet may have the pharmacokinetic profile of Figure 1, after individual oral administration in a dose equivalent to 40 mg of racemic MPH HCl in adults.
Chewable extended-release MPH tablets may be prepared using one or more of a filler, one or more disintegrants, one or more binders, one or more buffering agents, one or more lubricants, one or more glidants or mixtures of these components. . Suitably, the tablets also include flavor and / or mouthfeel enhancers, including, for example, one or more of a sweetener, a flavoring, a gum or mixtures of these components. Optionally, the tablet may also contain a non-functional coating.
As used herein, a "non-functional coating" refers to a coating that does not provide detectable modified release functions. The non-functional coating can be a polymer that can serve as a moisture barrier to preserve the integrity of the tablet during storage or to facilitate the application of a color coating layer. Additionally or alternatively, the non-functional coating may provide a color coating layer or improve the "softness" or the mouthfeel of the tablet. In one embodiment, the non-functional coating can increase the hardness of the tablet a little without affecting its chewiness.
Throughout the specification, in cases where the percentages by weight of the excipients and the three active components are provided, the percentages by weight are exclusive of any weight added by a non-functional coating. The percentage by weight of these non-functional coatings, in cases where they are present, are provided as an added weight, in an amount of about 1% to about 20%, or from about 2% to about 10% or from about 3% to about 5% weight added to the finished chewable tablet.
Typically, a chewable tablet will contain a filler or a mixture of fillers in the range of about 10% in w / w about 90% in w / w, of about 50% in w / w about 85% in w / po of about 50% in w / w about 70% in w / w of the total tablet weight. Suitable fillers may include, for example, mannitol, lactose, maltose, fructose, sucrose, xylitol, maltitol, microcrystalline cellulose, dicalcium phosphate, guar gum, xanthan gum, tragacanth gum, pregelatinized starch, compressible sugar, calcium carbonate, carbonate of magnesium, calcium sulfate, dextrates, maltodextrin. In one embodiment, a chewable tablet of the invention contains a mixture of mannitol, xanthan gum, microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum in an amount of about 60% w / w or about 75% w / w. In one embodiment, a gum or a combination of gums is provided in an amount of about 0.25% w / w about 5% w / w from about 0.25% to about 1% w / p. In another embodiment, microcrystalline cellulose is provided in an amount of about 5% in w / w or about 25% in w / w of about 10% in w / w about 15% in w / w based on weight Total tablet before any non-functional coating. A product that contains a combination of microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum is commercially available as Avicel ®, which contains a ratio of 80 parts by weight of microcrystalline cellulose to 20 parts by weight of guar gum. This mixture of microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and guar gum may be present in an amount of about 5% w / w or about 25% w / w of the total weight of the compressed.
A chewable tablet, as described herein, will also contain a disintegrant or mixture of disintegrants in the range of about 1% in w / w about 15% in w / w, or about 5% in w / pa approximately 10% in w / po of approximately 7% in w / w approximately 8% in w / w based on the total weight of the tablet. Suitable disintegrants include, for example, crospovidone, sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, calcium carboxymethyl cellulose, starch. In one embodiment, a tablet, as described herein, contains crospovidone in a range of about 5% w / w or about 10% w / w or about 7.5% w / w based on the weight of the tablet before applying any non-functional coating.
The binder for the chewable tablet may be absent (i.e., 0%) or, optionally, present in an amount of about 1% in w / w or about 15% in w / w of the total weight of the tablet. Examples of suitable binders include polyvinylpyrrolidone (povidone), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, starch, gum arabic, alginic acid, sodium alginate.
In one embodiment, the chewable tablet of the invention contains a sweetener in an amount of about 0.01% in w / w about 3% in w / w, or about 0.5% in w / w about 2% in p / po of approximately 1% in p / pa approximately 2% in p / po approximately 1.5% in p / p, based on the total weight of the exclusive tablet of any optional non-functional coating. Suitable sweeteners may include, for example, aspartame, saccharin, sodium saccharin, sucralose, sodium cyclamate, xylitol, acesulfame potassium and mixtures thereof. Optionally, in addition to functioning as a sweetener, an excipient can function as a filler. Examples of suitable sweeteners / fillers include, for example, fructose, sucrose, xylitol, maltitol. Optionally, when both functions are performed, the excipient may be present in an amount in excess of about 10% w / w of the tablet. In such a case, an additional sweetener can be omitted (for example, present in the 0% added sweetener). Alternatively, a second sweetener or a combination of sweeteners is added that differs from the load in the amount provided in this paragraph in order to further enhance the taste.
Suitably, the tablet is provided with a buffering agent in an amount of about 0.1% in w / w or about 5% in w / w of about 0.5% in w / w about 1, 5% in w / w based on the total weight of the tablet. Examples of suitable buffering agents include, for example, citric acid, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid and acceptable salts thereof and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the buffering agent adjusts the pH of the tablet (if suspended in water) at a range of about 3.5 to about 5 or about 4 to about 4.5. In one embodiment, the buffering agent is citric acid, which also provides desirable flavor properties.
When an additional flavoring agent is added, the flavoring agent (s) can be added in an amount of about 0.05% w / w or about 3% w / w of about 0.1 % to about 1% in w / w or about 0.5% in w / w, based on the total weight of the tablet (exclusive of any optional non-functional coating). Suitable flavoring agents may include both natural and artificial flavoring agents, such as those available through various custom manufacturers worldwide, such as Fona [Illinois, USA], Givaudan (Vernier, Switzerland), Ungerer & Company (Lincoln Park, NJ) and International Flavors & Fragrances (New York, NY) to name a few. Those skilled in the art will recognize that there are several commercial sources available, including custom mixers. The flavorings can be mixed before addition to the pharmaceutical composition or added separately. Other flavoring agents, such as cherry, strawberry, vanilla, grape, banana and other flavoring or mixtures thereof, can be selected.
Optionally, a dye can be provided to the tablet to provide a desired visual appeal or commercial image. Such dyes can be added in the range of about 0.001 to about 1% in w / w, or of about 0.01% in w / w about 0.08% in w / w or about 0.05% in p / p, based on the total weight of the tablet (exclusive of any non-functional coating). Such dyes are available from a variety of sources, including, for example, Colorcon, Noveon and Spectra.
In order to facilitate the production of the chewable tablet, excipients, such as lubricants and glidants, can be used. A lubricant can be used in an amount of about 0.1% in w / w or about 5% in w / w, of about 0.2% in w / w about 4.5% in w / w of approximately 1.5% in w / w approximately 3% in w / w of the total tablet weight. Examples of lubricants may include, for example, talc, magnesium stearate, sodium stearyl fumarate, stearic acid, zinc stearate, calcium stearate, magnesium trisilicate, polyethylene glycol and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, talc and magnesium stearate are used in the tablet preparation. The resulting tablet may contain from about 0.1% in w / w to about 3% in w / w of talc and approximately 0.5% in w / w approximately 0.5% in w / w magnesium stearate. A slider can be used in an amount of about 0.01% in w / w about 0.5% in w / w of about 0.1% in w / w about 0.3% in w / w , based on the total weight of the tablet. Examples of suitable glidants include, for example, silicon dioxide and tribasic calcium phosphate. In one embodiment, the slider is silicon dioxide, which is used in an amount of about 0.001% in w / w or about 0.1% in w / w or about 0.05% in w / w.
Optionally, other excipients can be selected from conventional pharmaceutically acceptable carriers or excipients and well established techniques. Without being limited thereto, such conventional carriers or excipients include diluents, binders and adhesives (i.e., cellulose derivatives and acrylic derivatives), lubricants (i.e., magnesium or calcium stearate or vegetable oils, polyethylene glycols, talc, sodium lauryl sulfate, polyoxy ethylene monostearate), thickeners, solubilizers, humectants, disintegrants, colorants, flavorings, stabilizing agents, sweeteners and various materials, such as buffers and adsorbents, in order to prepare a particular pharmaceutical composition. The stabilizing agents may include preservatives and antioxidants, among other components, which will be readily apparent to a person skilled in the art.
The following Table provides exemplary formulations of chewable prolonged release MPH tablets according to the invention, based on the total weight of the tablet.
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0001.tif" />
Suitably, a chewable tablet of the invention is prepared as a single uniform solid dispersion. A typical manufacturing process for the preparation of a chewable tablet involves, in general, mixing the desired ingredients to form a uniform distribution of the coated ion exchange MPH-resin complex, the MPH-resin exchange complex. uncoated ions, the MPH that does not form a complex and the excipients. If desired, a mixture of the three components of MPH can be formed before mixing in the excipient. Next, the mixture is compressed in an individual layer using conventional methods and tablet presses, such as those well known to those skilled in the art (e.g., Kilian, Fette, Kirsch, Elizabeth, Sejong, Kikisui, SMI, Colton, Stok and Manesty, among others).
The working examples below describe the formation of a chewable tablet of the invention in a capsule form, optionally, with an individual bisection (an individual groove in the intermediate line that facilitates the separation of the tablet into halves). However, other shapes can be easily selected, including, for example, a conventional round shape, a flat, oval, bullet, square, triangular, diamond, pentagonal, octagonal face shape, among others. Optionally, one or more of these tablet forms may be provided with a quadrisection, that is, two perpendicular grooves that facilitate the separation of the tablet into quarters.
Optionally, the tablet may have one or more sealants or topcoats that do not work to modify or prolong the release, but provide a moisture barrier, a color coating or other visual appeal. For example, such a coating can provide "gloss" to the tablet, enhance palatability, serve as the identification color for the tablet or other purposes. Such coatings are commercially available, for example, through Colorcon or other suppliers. Typically, the tablet is composed of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or polyvinyl alcohol and is present in an amount of about 1% w / w or about 20% w / w or about 2% w / w or so 10% in w / w of the total tablet weight.
The finished tablets can be stored in glass or high density polyethylene (HDPE) bottles with or without a heat-induced sealed bottle (HIS in English). The bottle may also contain a desiccant. Alternatively, the tablets can be encapsulated in blister-type containers using conventional methods well known to those skilled in the art.
A chewable extended-release MPH tablet of the invention can be administered orally to a patient having a disorder that can be treated by MPH. These include disorders for which regulatory approval has been granted in the US. or other jurisdiction in which the drug is administered and that requires regulatory approval. For example, MPH has now been approved for the treatment of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome and narcolepsy. MPH has also been described in patent applications and in the literature as useful for the treatment of such disorders, including, but not limited to, behavioral disorders, cases of lethargy resistant to treatment, depression, neuronal trauma, obesity and, rarely, other psychiatric disorders, such as obsessive-compulsive disorder, attention deficit disorder, specific dyslexias, brain dysfunction, cognitive decline in AIDS and AIDS-related conditions, alertness in geriatrics, Alzheimer's patients and victims of recovering cardiovascular accidents.
Therefore, the invention provides a medical use for the treatment of one or more of the above disorders for a period of at least twelve hours by administering a chewable prolonged release MPH tablet containing a mixture of a matrix of complex of Methylphenidate-ion exchange resin with barrier coating, a first component of MPH immediate release (for example, an MPH-uncoated ion exchange resin complex) and a second immediate release MPH component (MPH that does not form a complex).
A composition of the invention that is formulated to administer MPH is most desirable in dosages ranging from about 1 mg to about 100 mg per day, preferably from about 10 to about 75 mg per day or at doses of about 25 or 60 mg [based on the equivalence to racemic methylphenidate HCl], although they will be produced, as necessary, variations depending on the weight and condition of the subject undergoing treatment and the particular route of administration chosen. Actual dosages of dexmethylphenidate may be in half of the amounts of racemic methylphenidate. However, variations may occur depending on the weight and condition of people undergoing treatment and their individual responses to that medication.
As described herein, the chewable extended release MPH tablets of the invention can be dosed orally twice daily at 12 hour intervals. However, depending on the patient, smaller doses may be administered at intervals during the day. Other patients can take an individual dose in the morning and give up the dosage at night.
An in vitro dissolution test determines whether chewable tablets disintegrate at a prescribed time when placed in a dissolution medium under prescribed experimental conditions. Disintegration is defined as the state in which no residue of the tablet remains, except the undissolved coating fragments, on the screen of the test apparatus or, if any other residue remains, this consists of a soft mass that does not have a Palpable core, firm and without moistening.
Suitable methods have been described for the in vitro assay of the dissolution of chewable tablets, for example, in the International Pharmacopoeia of the World Health Organization (WHO), (http://www.who.int/medicines/publications / pharmacopoeia /). An example of a suitable disintegration apparatus is described as follows. The apparatus consists of a circular basket frame assembly, a suitable container for immersion fluid (such as a 1 liter beaker), a thermostatic arrangement for maintaining the fluid at the required temperature (normally, 37 ± 20C ) and a device for raising and lowering the basket frame in the immersion fluid at a constant frequency of 28-32 cycles / min over a distance of 50-60 mm. The basket frame assembly consists of six open end cylindrical glass tubes and a frame for holding them in an upright position. The tubes are 75-80 mm long and have an internal diameter of approximately 21.5 mm and a wall approximately 2 mm thick. The tubes are held vertically by two superimposed plates, circular in shape and made of transparent plastic material, each approximately 90 mm in diameter and 6 mm thick, perforated by six holes of a diameter that allows the tubes to be inserted. The holes are equidistant from the center of the plate and are separated from each other evenly. A piece of woven gauze, made of stainless steel wire approximately 0.635 mm in diameter, with a 2.0 mm mesh opening, joins the bottom side of the bottom plate. The upper plastic plate is covered with a stainless steel plate, approximately 1 mm thick, of a diameter similar to that of the plastic plates. The steel plate is perforated by six holes approximately 22 mm in diameter, positioned to match those of the upper plastic plate. It is placed on the tubes and consolidates the entire structure. The plates are kept rigid at a distance of 75-80 mm by vertical stainless steel rods on the periphery. A metal rod is fixed to the center of the top plate. This allows the assembly to be attached to a suitable mechanical device so that it can be lowered and raised. The volume of the fluid in the immersion vessel must be such that, at the highest point of the upward stroke, the wire mesh that forms the bottom of the basket remains at least 25 mm below the surface of the fluid. At the lowest point of the downward stroke, it must descend to no less than 25 mm from the bottom of the vessel. The time required for the upward run must be equal to the time required for the downward run and the change in the direction of the run must be a smooth transition rather than an abrupt reversal of the movement. In cases where a disc is prescribed in the monograph, the following configurations and dimensions apply: a cylindrical disc 20.7 ± 0.15 mm in diameter and 9.5 ± 0.15 mm thick, made of transparent plastic with a relative density of 1.18 to 1.20. Each disk is traversed by five 2 mm diameter holes, one in the center and the other four equally spaced in a circle of 6 mm radius from the center of the disc. On the lateral surface of the disk, four equally spaced grooves are cut in such a way that on the upper surface of the disk they are 9.5 mm wide and 2.55 mm deep and, on the lower surface, 1.6 mm square. Different basket frame assembly designs can be used, provided that the specifications for glass tubes and stainless steel wire gauze are maintained. The in vitro dissolution of the chewable methylphenidate tablet of the invention can be evaluated through a variety of methods, including, for example, the dissolution assays that have been described as accepted by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), including, basket method (I) approved for use with a chewable tablet of methylphenidate, http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cder/dissolution/dsp_SearchResults_Dissolutions.c fm. The current FDA-approved dissolution test for an edible methylphenidate tablet of the prior art uses water and a paddle speed of 100 rpm, at 900 ml, with tests at 15, 30, 45 and 60 minutes. Other methylphenidate tablets have different dissolution assays and different media. However, since the barrier-coated methylphenidate-ion exchange resin complex described herein is not readily soluble in water, the assays described above are dissolution media that are not suitable for the dissolution test. the present tablets in those time intervals. Accordingly, a phosphate buffer dissolution medium is used in the working examples below to evaluate the in vitro dissolution of the chewable prolonged release MPH tablets described herein in lieu of water.
Suitably, the extended release MPH tablet of the invention can be slotted without affecting the prolonged release profile. Therefore, the oral dose is easily assessed, that is, it is separated in half, in order to easily and accurately administer half of the dose of the finished tablet.
<b>Examples</b>
The following examples are illustrative only and are not intended to be a limitation on the present invention. Example 1. Chewable extended release methylphenidate (MPH) (ER)
Tablets (CT) were prepared using a mixture of Eudragit® RS 30D polymer and Eudragit® RL 30D as a barrier coating for sustained release components
In the following example, the finished product, 20 mg ER MPH CT, contains 70% of the dose as a coated MPH polystyrene matrix (Eudragit® RS 30D and Eudragit® RL 30D), 15% of the dose as uncoated MPH polistirex and 15% of the dose as MPH HCl.
A. Coated methylphenidate polistirex
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0002.tif" />
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0003.tif" />
one. Uncoated methylphenidate polistirex
The MPH-ion exchange resin complex (MPH polystyrex) was prepared by first adding 80 µl of purified water to an Ef 450 PallSchenk vessel and dissolving methylphenidate HCl by continuous mixing. The sodium polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resin [Amberlite® IRP69, Rohm and Haas] was dispersed with continuous mixing and mixing was continued for 60 minutes. Water was removed by a filtration process followed by rinsing twice using purified water (40 L). Next, the wet resin complex was dried until the moisture content was between 3-7%. The dried ion exchange resin MPH-complex was passed through a 40 mesh screen using the CO-MIL® device. This was the uncoated MPH polystyrene.
In a separate container, povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone) was dissolved in 2,629 gms of purified water (povidone solution). The uncoated MPH polystyrene prepared as described above in this example was subjected to treatment with the povidone solution with continuous mixing until a uniform mass of uncoated MPH polystyrene formed in a matrix with the povidone. The uncoated MPH polystyrene matrix was dried until the moisture content was between 15-25%. Next, the semi-dry MPH polystyrene matrix was ground using a CO-MIL® brand mill equipped with a 40 mesh screen. In addition, the ground MPH polystyrene matrix was dried until the moisture content was between 3-7% The dry MPH polystyrene matrix was passed through a CO-MIL® equipped with a 40 mesh screen. This was the MPH polystyrene matrix with precoating.
The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was prepared as follows. The coating solution was prepared by mixing purified water and triethyl citrate in a container and then talc was dispersed using a high shear mixer for 10 minutes (talc dispersion). In a separate container, Eudragit® RS 30D and Eudragit® RL 30D were added and mixed with the talc dispersion for 45 minutes. The coating process was performed in a fluid bed processor equipped with a Wurster column by applying a coating solution on a pre-coated MPH polystyrene matrix, which resulted in a 30% weight gain. The coated polystyrene matrix of MPH was again passed through the screen of screen mesh No. 40.
B. Chewable ER methylphenidate tablets:
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0004.tif" />
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0005.tif" />
Mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum were screened through a mesh screen 20 and loaded into the bucket mixer. The coated MPH polystyrene matrix prepared as in the previous section, the uncoated MPH polystyrene, MPH HCl, xanthan gum, crospovidone, aspartame, citric acid, flavoring, talc and dioxide Silicon were screened through a 40 mesh screen and loaded into the bucket mixer and mixed for 10 minutes. The magnesium stearate was screened through the 40 mesh screen and loaded into the mixer and mixed for another 5 minutes. The powder mixture was compressed in a 10-station rotary tablet press using a 0.2625 x 0.5720 capsule-shaped tool. The final weight of the compressed tablet was 400 mg.
Example 2. Chewable ER methylphenidate tablets prepared using a cured polyvinyl acetate plasticizer barrier coating for sustained release components
In the following example, the finished product, 40 mg ER MPH CT, contains 70% of the dose as coated MPH polystyrene matrix (Kollicoat SR 30D), 15% of the dose as MPH polystyrene uncoated and 15% of the dose as MPH HCl.
A. Coated methylphenidate polistirex
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0006.tif" />
The MPH-ion exchange resin complex (MPH polystyrene) was prepared by first adding 400 µl of purified water to a large-scale multi-purpose vessel and the MPH HCl was dissolved by continuous mixing. . The sodium polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resin was dispersed with continuous mixing and mixing was continued for 60 minutes. Water was removed by a filtration process followed by rinsing twice using purified water. Next, the MPH polystyrene was dried in the wet until the moisture content was between 3-7%. The dried MPH polystyrene was passed through a 40 mesh screen using the CO-MIL®. This was the uncoated MPH polystyrene.
In a separate container, povidone was dissolved in 12,372 gms of purified water (povidone solution). The uncoated MPH polystyrene was treated with the povidone solution with continuous mixing to form a uniform mass to provide an uncoated MPH polystyrene in a matrix with the povidone The wet mass was dried until the moisture content was between 15-25%. Next, the MPH polystyrene (povidone) matrix without semi-dry coating was ground using a CO-MIL® equipped with a 40 mesh screen. In addition, the ground material was dried until the moisture content was between 3-7 %. The MPH polystyrene matrix (povidone) without dry coating was passed through a CO-MIL® equipped with a 40 mesh screen. This was the MPH polystyrene matrix (povidone) with precoating.
The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was prepared as follows. The coating solution was prepared by mixing triacetin, purified water and dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in a separate container. The coating process was carried out in a fluid bed processor equipped with a Wurster column by applying a coating solution on MPH polystyrene with precoating, which resulted in a 30% weight gain. The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was placed in the hot air oven at 60 ° C for 5 hours. The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was again passed through the screen mesh screen No. 40. This was the MPH polystyrene matrix with cured coating.
B. Chewable ER methylphenidate tablets:
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0007.tif" />
Mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum were screened through a 20 mesh screen and loaded into the 'V' mixer. The cured polystyrene matrix of MPH with cured coating, the uncoated MPH polystyrene, MPH HCl, xanthan gum, crospovidone, aspartame, citric acid, flavoring, talc and silicon dioxide were screened through of a 40 mesh screen, the dye was screened through a 60 mesh and loaded into the 'V' mixer and mixed for 10 minutes. The magnesium stearate was screened through the 40 mesh screen and loaded into the mixer and mixed for another 5 minutes. The resulting powder mixture was compressed in a 36-station rotary tablet press using a 0.3310 x 0.7210 capsule-shaped tool to produce a chewable extended release (ER) chewable tablet subjected to compression in the form of capsule. The final weight of the compressed tablet was 800 mg.
C. Non-functional coating of the ER chewable tablet of ER
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0008.tif" />
In a separate vessel, the Opadry® polymer was dispersed in 36,180 g of purified water and mixed for 45 minutes. The coating process was performed on a perforated coating tray by applying a coating solution on the compressible ER MPH chewable tablets, which resulted in a 3% weight gain.
Example 3. Chewable ER methylphenidate tablets prepared using a cured polyvinyl acetate plasticizer barrier coating for sustained release components
In the following example, the finished product, 40 mg ER MPH CT, contains 80% of the dose as coated MPH polistirex (Kollicoat® SR 30D), 10% of the dose as MPH polistirex without coating and 10% of the dose as MPH HCl.
A. Coated methylphenidate polistirex
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0009.tif" />
The MPH-ion exchange resin complex (MPH polystyrex) was prepared by first adding 400 l of purified water to the vessel and dissolving methylphenidate HCl by continuous mixing. The sodium polystyrene sulfonate ion exchange resin was dispersed with continuous mixing and mixing was continued for 60 minutes. Water was removed by a filtration process followed by rinsing twice using purified water. Next, the MPH polystyrene was dried in the wet until the moisture content was between 3-7%. The dried MPH polystyrene was passed through a 40 mesh screen using the CO-MIL® brand mill. This was the uncoated MPH polystyrene.
In a separate container, povidone was dissolved in 10,940 gms of purified water (povidone solution). The uncoated MPH polystyrene complex was treated with the povidone solution with continuous mixing to form a uniform mass, which resulted in the formation of a matrix between the uncoated MPH polystyrene and the povidone. The wet mass containing the uncoated MPH polystyrene matrix was dried until the moisture content was between 15-25%. Next, the MPH polystyrene matrix without semi-dry coating was ground using a CO-MIL® brand mill equipped with a 40 mesh screen. In addition, the MPH polystyrene matrix without ground coating was dried until the content of Humidity was between 3-7%. The dried material was passed through a CO-MIL equipped with a 40 mesh screen. This was the MPH polystyrene matrix with precoating.
The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was prepared as follows. The coating solution was prepared by mixing triacetin, purified water and dispersion of polyvinyl acetate in a separate container. The coating process was performed in a fluid bed processor equipped with a Wurster column by applying a coating solution on a pre-coated MPH polystyrene matrix, which resulted in a 30% weight gain. The coated MPH polystyrene matrix was placed in the hot air oven at 60 ° C for 5 hours. The cured MPH polystyrene matrix was again passed through a 40th mesh screen. This was the cured MPH polystyrene matrix used for the preparation of the chewable tablet.
B. Chewable ER methylphenidate tablets:
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0010.tif" />
Mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose and guar gum were screened through a 20 mesh screen and loaded into the 'V' mixer. Coated methylphenidate polystyrex, uncoated methylphenidate polystyrex, methylphenidate hydrochloride, xanthan gum, crospovidone, aspartame, citric acid, flavoring, talc and silicon dioxide were screened through a screen of 40 mesh, the dye was screened through a 60 mesh and loaded into the 'V' mixer and mixed for 10 minutes. The magnesium stearate was screened through the 40 mesh screen and loaded into the mixer and mixed for another 5 minutes. The powder mixture was compressed in a 36-station rotary tablet press using a 0.3310 x 0.7210 capsule-shaped tool. The final weight of the compressed tablet was 800 mg.
C. Non-functional coating of ER MPH CT
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0011.tif" />
In a separate vessel, the non-functional coating of Opadry® polyvinyl alcohol was dispersed in 90 g of purified water and mixed for 45 minutes. The coating process was performed on a perforated coating tray by applying a coating solution on the compressible ER MPH chewable tablets, which resulted in a 3% weight gain.
The slotted chewable tablet, when separated, was expected to show the expected release profile, as is characteristic of the intact tablet in vitro. The following example shows the in vitro dissolution profiles of the separate tablet versus the whole of the 20 mg and 30 mg ER methylphenidate chewable tablets. Example 4. Chewable tablet of extended-release methylphenidate
A. Separate tablet solution
The tablets used in this study are the same ingredients as described in Example 2 for a 40 mg tablet, with the exception of the non-functional cosmetic coating. In order to prepare the 20 mg tablet used in this study, the same three components of MPH and the same excipients that were identified in Example 2 a / of the weight percentages of each ingredient defined in Example 2 were combined. In order to prepare the 30 mg tablet used in this study, the same three components of MPH and the same excipients that were identified in Example 2 were combined at% of the weight percentages of each ingredient identified in Example 2.
The following evaluation of the solution was performed in vitro using a conventional USP test on whole (non-slotted) or separated tablets placed in 900 ml of 0.4 M potassium phosphate buffer (KH<sup>2 </sup>PO<sup>4</sup>) at 37 ± 0.5 0C with a USP paddle speed of 75 rpm. This evaluation was designed to show the dissolution rate in vitro over a period of twelve hours.
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0012.tif" />
B. Comparative dissolution study
In another dissolution study, the 40 mg ER methylphenidate chewable tablet, prepared as described in Example 2, was compared with the ER MPH chewable tablets with the sustained release component and only one of the two components Immediate release Therefore, the 40 mg tablet was prepared with the same excipients as in Example 2, but with a combination of the coated MPH polystyrene matrix and only the fastest-release MPH immediate release component (MPH HCl racemic). MPH HCl is present in twice the amount of weight described in Example 2 and the slow release-release MPH polystyrene is absent. This is the 70/30 MPH / HCl coated tablet shown in the following table. The second comparative 40 mg tablet contains the same excipients as in Example 2, but unlike Example 2, the active components are a combination of the coated MPH polystyrene matrix and twice the amount of the weight component component. immediate release of slower-release MPH (uncoated MPH polystyrene); no MPH HCl is included in this formulation. This is the 70/30 coated / uncoated tablet shown in the following table.
Each of the three active components is prepared as described in Example 2. Each of the tablets is prepared as described in Example 2, with the exception of the weights of the immediate release components shown. tablets of two comparative components.
In order to enhance the ability to observe the action of release in 60 minutes, another study was used to control the first hour of dissolution every 10 minutes other than that described in Example 4A for the dissolution of the separated tablet. With the exception of the buffer strength, the in vitro dissolution evaluation was performed as described in Part A above by placing the tablets in 900 ml of the buffer at 37 ± 0.5 0C and using a paddle speed of the USP of 75 rpm.
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0013.tif" />
The initial dissolution profiles show the order of the release rate as follows: with coating / HCL of MPH> with coating / without coating / HCl of MPH> with coating / without coating. The inclusion of MPH HCl to replace a portion of the uncoated showed an increase in the initial release rate.
C. Study of the compression pressure solution
Chewable tablets, when subjected to compression with the pressure of 8 to 23 kp, show no difference in the release profile of the ER methylphenidate chewable tablets. The dissolution study was performed as described in Example 4A. An example of the release rate of the 40 mg formula of Example 2 is broken down in the following table. These hardnesses tested are not limitations on the chewable tablet, but are only illustrative.
<b>ER methylphenidate CT, 40 mg (70/15/15), hardness study</b>
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0014.tif" />
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0015.tif" />
Example 5. Single dose pharmacokinetics of a chewable tablet of extended-release methylphenidate
A three-way cross-pharmacokinetics study had been performed using (1) chewable tablets of ER MPH prepared according to Example 2 of the present specification (Assay) dosed at 40 mg at 0 hours under fasting conditions, (2) ER MPH chewable tablets prepared according to Example 2 of this specification (Test) dosed at 40 mg under feeding conditions and (3) IR chewable tablets (Reference) [10 mg chewable tablet Methylin®; Shionogi Inc] dosed in 20 mg at 0 and 6 hours under fasting conditions.
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0016.tif" />
The objective is to determine the relative bioavailability of the chewable tablets of ER MPH of the product of the invention against those of reference and also evaluate the nutritional effect on the chewable tablets of the invention.
This is a cross-label open-label, single-dose, multi-dose, randomized, 3-period, 3-sequence, 3-treatment study designed to assess the relative bioavailability of two chewable tablet formulations of methylphenidate HCl release prolonged, administered to healthy male and female subjects under fasting and feeding conditions. Subjects were randomly assigned to one of the three ABC, BCA and CAB dosage sequences. The total (racemic) methylphenidate concentrations were measured from the samples collected during a 24-hour interval after dosing in each period. Thirty-three (33) subjects were dosed in Period 1. All 33 subjects are included in the safety data set. Thirty-two (32) subjects were dosed in Period 2. Thirty (30) subjects were dosed in Period 3. Thirty-one (31) subjects are included in the pharmacokinetic analysis and statistical analyzes. Subjects 10 (ABC) and 18 (CAB) completed only Period 1 of the study. These subjects were not included in the pharmacokinetic data set. Subjects 29 (ABC) and 33 (ABC) completed Periods 1 and 2, which received Treatments A and B. Both subjects were included in the pharmacokinetic data set.
Pharmacokinetics:
The following pharmacokinetic parameters were estimated using a non-compartmental procedure: Cmax, AUCt, AUCinf, AUC0-0.5, AUC0-2, AUC0-3, AUC0-4, Tmax, Kel and Thalf.
Security:
A safety assessment was based primarily on the frequency and severity of EA. There was no formal assessment of safety and tolerability.
Statistical Methods:
Descriptive statistics are estimated for the pharmacokinetic parameters in each treatment.
The analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed on the logarithmically transformed parameters Cmax, AUCt, AUCinf, AUC0-0.5, AUC0-2, AUC0-3, AUC0-4 and on the non-transformed Tmax, Kel and Thalf. The importance of the sequence, the period, the treatment and the effects of the subject in the sequence were tested.
Using the same statistical model, the least squares means, the differences between the least squares means of the treatments and the corresponding conventional errors of these differences for the logarithmically transformed parameters Cmax, AUCt, AUCinf, AUC0-0, were estimated. 5, AUC0-2, AUC0-3, AUC0-4. Based on these statistics, the relationships of the geometric means for the treatments and the corresponding 90% confidence intervals for the following contrasts were calculated:
• Treatment A vs. Treatment C (relative bioavailability under fasting conditions)
• Treatment B versus Treatment A (food effect for the test formulation). These statistics were used to evaluate the performance of the test formulation in relation to the reference product and the test product as in the state of feeding versus the state of fasting.
Summary-Conclusions:
Pharmacokinetic and statistical results of the 40 mg ER MPH chewable tablets versus the 10 m chewable tablets of Meth lin ™
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0017.tif" />
Pharmacokinetic and statistical results of chewable tablets of ER MPH of 40 mg, study in state of feeding versus one-to-one state
<img file="ES2717469T3_D0018.tif" />
Treatment A: 40 mg prolonged-release methylphenidate HCl chewable tablets, fasting
Treatment B: 40 mg prolonged-release methylphenidate HCl chewable tablets, in feeding state
Treatment C: 10 mg chewable tablets of Methylin ™, fasting
Security Results:
There were no deaths, serious adverse events (EAG) or other significant adverse events during the conduct of this study. None of the EAs had a significant impact on the safety of the subjects or on the integrity of the study results.
Conclusions:
All treatments under feeding or fasting conditions were well tolerated by all study subjects. Based on the results of the study, the test product has similar peak and maximum absorption characteristics when administered under fasting and feeding conditions. There is no significant nutritional effect on the test product.
Chewable tablets of ER methylphenidate HCl of 40 mg produce an average peak concentration of 20% less than twice daily administration of 20 mg of the 10 mg product of Methylin ™. Total exposure is similar from approximately 4 hours.
18 sheets
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2717469
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2717469
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2717469T
- Application
- 13752782
- Application, DOCDB
- 13752782
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20130752782T
Titles2
- Spanish
- Comprimido masticable de metilfenidato de liberación prolongada
- English
- Long-release methylphenidate chewable tablet
Classification
- CPC, 16
- A61K31/4458
- A61K9/2081
- A61K9/5026
- A61K9/2054
- A61K9/2072
- A61K9/2077
- A61K9/0056
- A61K9/2027
- A61K9/2086
- A61K47/585
- A61K9/20
- A61K9/284
- A61K9/2846
- A61K9/2013
- A61K9/209
- A61K9/28
- IPC, 3
- A61K9 00
- A61K9 50
- A61K31 4458