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Abstract
A compound of any one of the following formulas: ** Formula **
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3 claims: 1 independent, 2 dependent
- 1ES 2 646 887 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un compuesto de una cualquiera de las siguientes fórmulas:
- 2Uso de un compuesto de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en la síntesis de un compuesto macrocíclico conformacionalmente definido de fórmula I:10 o un isómero óptico, enantiómero, diastereómero, racemato o mezcla estereoquímica del mismo, o una sal farmacéuticamente aceptable del mismo, en la que: Ri es hidrógeno o la cadena lateral de un aminoácido, o como alternativa Ri y R 2 forman juntos un anillo de 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N en el anillo, en el que el anillo está 15 opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación, o como alternativa R 1 y R 9 forman juntos un anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6 o 7 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R 2 es hidrógeno o la cadena lateral de un aminoácido, o como alternativa R 1 y R 2 forman juntos un anillo de 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N en el anillo, en el que el anillo está 174 ES 2 646 887 T3 opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación, o como alternativa R 2 y Rg forman juntos un anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6 o 7 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R 3 es hidrógeno o la cadena lateral de un aminoácido, o como alternativa R 3 y R 4 forman juntos un anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6 o 7 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O o S en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación, o como alternativa, R 3 y R 7 o R 3 y R11 forman juntos un anillo heterocíclico de 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R4 es hidrógeno o la cadena lateral de un aminoácido, o como alternativa R3 y R4 forman juntos un anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6 o 7 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O o S en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación, o como alternativa R4 y R7 o R4 y R11 forman juntos un anillo heterocíclico de 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R5 y R6 son cada uno independientemente hidrógeno o la cadena lateral de un aminoácido o como alternativa, R5 y R6 forman juntos un anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6 o 7 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R7 es hidrógeno, alquilo inferior, alquilo inferior sustituido, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilo sustituido, heterocíclico o heterocíclico sustituido, o como alternativa R 3 y R 7 o R 4 y R 7 forman juntos un anillo heterocíclico de 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se define a continuación;R8 se sustituye por uno o más átomos de hidrógeno en la estructura de anillo de 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 u 8 miembros y se selecciona independientemente entre el grupo que consiste en alquilo, alquilo sustituido, cicloalquilo, cicloalquilo sustituido, heterocíclico, heterocíclico sustituido, arilo, arilo sustituido, heteroarilo, heteroarilo sustituido, hidroxi, alcoxi, ariloxi, oxo, amino, halógeno, formilo, acilo, carboxi, carboxialquilo, carboxiarilo, amido, carbamoílo, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinilo, sulfonilo y sulfonamido, o, como alternativa, R8 es un cicloalquilo condensado, un anillo cicloalquilo condensado sustituido, un grupo heterocíclico condensado, un grupo heterocíclico condensado sustituido, un arilo condensado, un arilo condensado sustituido, un heteroarilo condensado o un heteroarilo condensado sustituido cuando se sustituye por átomos de hidrógeno en dos átomos adyacentes;X es NH;Z1 es O o NR11, en la que Rn es hidrógeno, alquilo inferior o alquilo inferior sustituido, o como alternativa R 3 y R11 o R 4 y Rn forman juntos un anillo heterocíclico de 4, 5, 6 7 u 8 miembros, que comprende opcionalmente un átomo de O, S o N adicional en el anillo, en el que el anillo está opcionalmente sustituido con R 8 como se ha definido anteriormente;Z2 es NH;-T- es 175 ES 2 646 887 T3 en las que (X) muestra la conectividad entre T y X y (Z 2 ) muestra la conectividad entre T y Z 2 ;
- 3El uso de la reivindicación 2 en el que el compuesto macrocíclico conformacionalmente definido se selecciona entre uno de los siguientes compuestos:176 ES 2 646 887 T3 430 435 449 177
Independent claims3
3,684 paragraphs in 112 sections, as filed
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DESCRIPTION
Intermediates for macrocyclic ghrellna receptor modulators
Disclosure field
The present disclosure refers to some innovative macrocyclic compounds defined in their configuration that bind to the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue) and / or are functional modulators thereof, including GHS-R1a and subtypes, isoforms and / or variants. of the same. The present disclosure also refers to the intermediates of these compounds, the pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and the methods for using them. These innovative macrocyclic compounds are useful as therapy for a variety of disease indications. In particular, these compounds are useful for the treatment and prevention of gastrointestinal disorders including, but not limited to, postoperative ileus, gastroparesis, including diabetic gastroparesis, opiate intestinal dysfunction, chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, short bowel syndrome. and functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Disclosure background
Improved understanding of various physiological regulatory pathways enabled through genomic and proteomic research efforts has begun to impact the discovery of new pharmaceutical agents. In particular, the identification of key receptors and their endogenous ligands has created new opportunities for the exploitation of these receptor / ligand pairs as therapeutic targets. For example, ghrelin is a newly characterized 28 amino acid peptide hormone generally isolated from the stomach of rats with the orthologue subsequently identified in humans (Kojima, M .; Hosoda, H. et al. Nature 1999, 402, 656-660. ) The existence of this peptide in a variety of species suggests a conserved and important role in the normal functioning of a body. This peptide has been shown to be the endogenous ligand of a previously orphan G-protein-bound receptor (GPCR), growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1 (hGHS-R1a) (Howard, AD; Feighner, SD; and col. A receptor in pituitary and hypothalamus that functions in growth hormone release. Science 1996, 273, 974-977) found predominantly in the brain (arcuate nucleus and ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus, hippocampus and substantia nigra) and the pituitary (US Patent No. 6,242,199; International Publication No. WO 97/21730 and WO 97/22004). The receptor has also been found in other areas of the central nervous system (CNS) and in peripheral tissues, eg, adrenal and thyroid glands, heart, lung, kidney, and skeletal muscles. This receptor was identified and cloned prior to the isolation and characterization of the endogenous peptide ligand and is distinct from other receptors involved in the regulation of growth hormone (GH) secretion, in particular the growth hormone-releasing hormone receptor ( GHRH).
A unique feature of rat and human peptides is the presence of the n-octanoic portion (Oct) in Ser<sup>3</sup>. However, the deacylous form predominates in circulation, with approximately 90% of the hormone in this form. This group derives from a post-translational modification and seems relevant for bioactivity and possibly also for transport to the CNS (Banks, WA; Tschtop, M .; Robinson, SM; Heiman, ML Extent and direction of ghrelin transport across the blood-brain barrier is determined by its unique primary structure. J. Pharmacol. Exp. Ther. 2002, 302, 822-827). In a GH release assay, the ctes-octanoic form of the hormone was at least 100 times less potent than the parent peptide, although it has been suggested that the desacylo species may be responsible for some of the other biological effects associated with ghrelin. . This deacyl form has also been postulated as being the primary responsible for the effects of cardiovascular and cellular proliferation attributed to ghrelin, while the acylated form participates in the maintenance of the balance of energy and the release of growth hormone (Baldanzi, G .; Filighenddu , N .; Cutrupi, S .; et al. Ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin inhibit cell death in cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells through ERK1 / 2 and PI-3 kinase / AKT. J. Cell Biol. 2002, 159, 1029-1037 ). Similarly, the ctes-Gln<sup>14</sup>-ghrelin and its octanoic derivative have been isolated in endogenous forms of the hormone arising from the alternative splicing of the ghrelin gene, but both have been inactive in the release of stimulating GH in vivo (Hosoda, H .; Kojima, M .; Matsuo, H .; Kangawa, K. Purification and characterization of rat des Gln14-ghrelin, a second endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. J. Biol. Chem. 2000, 275, 21995-2120). Other minor forms of ghrelin produced by post-translational processing in plasma have been observed, although no specific activity has been attributed to them (Hosoda, H .; Kojima, M .; et al. Structural divergence of human ghrelin. Identification of multiple ghrelin- derived molecules produced by postranslational processing. J. Biol. Chem. 2003, 278, 64-70).
Even before the isolation of this receptor and its endogenous peptide ligand, a significant amount of research was devoted to finding agents that could stimulate GH secretion. Proper regulation of human GH is important not only for proper body growth, but also for a variety of critical physiological effects. Since GH and other GH-stimulating peptides, such as GHRH and growth hormone releasing factor (GRF), as well as their derivatives and analogs, are administered via injection, in order to take full advantage of these effects positive, attention was focused on the development of orally active therapeutic agents that would increase GH secretion, called GH secretagogues (GHS). Furthermore, the use of these agents was expected to closely mimic the pulsatile physiological release of GH.
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Beginning with the Identification of growth hormone-releasing peptides (GHRP) in the late 1970s, (Bowers, CY Growth hormone-releasing peptides: physiology and clinical applications. Curr. Opin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 2000, 7, 168- 174; Camanni, F .; Ghigo, E .; Arvat, E. Growth hormone-releasing peptides and their analogs. Front. Neurosci. 1998, 19, 47-72; Locatelli, V .; Torsello, A. Growth hormone secretagogues: focus on the growth hormone-releasing peptides Pharmacol Res. 1997, 36, 415-423) a large number of agents have been studied for their potential to act as GHS. In addition to their stimulation of GH release and their concomitant positive effects in this regard, GHS have been projected to be useful in the treatment of a variety of disorders, including wasting syndrome (cachexia) as seen in HIV patients and of cancer-induced anorexia, skeletal frailty in the elderly, and growth hormone deficiency diseases. Many efforts over the past 25 years have resulted in a number of potent and orally available GHSs (Smith, RG; Sun, YX; Beatancourt, L .; Asnicar, M. Growth hormone secretagogues: prospects and pitfalls. Best Pract. Res. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2004, 18, 333-347; Fehrentz, J.-A .; Martínez, J .; Boeglin, D .; Guerlavais, V .; Deghenghi, R. Growth hormone secretagogues: Past, present and future IDrugs 2002, 5, 804-814, Svensson, J. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents 2000, 10, 1071-1080; Nargund, RP; Patchett, AA; et al. Peptidomimetic growth hormone secretagogues. Design considerations and therapeutic potential. J. Med. Chem. 1998, 41, 3103-3127; Ghigo, E; Arvat, E .; Camanni, F. Orally active growth hormone secretagogues: state of the art and clinical perspective. Ann. Med 1998, 30, 159-168; Smith, RG; Van der Ploeg, LHT; Howard, AD; Feighner, SD; et al. Peptidomimetic regulation of growth hormone secretion. Endocr. Rev. 1997, 18, 621-645). These include small peptides, such as hexarelin (Zentaris) and ipamorelin (Novo Nordisk), and adenosine analogues, as well as small molecules such as capromorelin (Pfizer), L-252,564 (Merck), MK-0677 (Merck), NN703 (Novo Nordisk), G-7203 (Genentech), S-37435 (Kaken) and SM-130868 (Sumitomo), designed to be orally active in stimulating growth hormone. However, clinical trials with such agents have produced disappointing results due to, among other things, a lack of efficacy in long-term treatment, or unwanted side effects, including irreversible inhibition of cytochrome P450 enzymes (Zdravkovic M .; Olse, AK; Christiansen, T .; et al. Eur. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2003, 58, 683-688). Thus, a need persists for pharmacological agents that can effectively capture this receptor for therapeutic purposes.
Despite its participation in GH modulation, ghrelin is synthesized mainly in the oxyntic gland of the stomach, although it is also produced in smaller amounts in other organs, including the kidney, pancreas, and hypothalamus (Kojima, M .; Hsoda , H .; Kangawa, K. Purification and distribution of ghrelin: the natural endogenous ligand for the growth hormone secretagogue receptor. Horm. Res. 2001, 56 (Suppl. 1), 93-97; Ariyasu, H .; Takaya, K .; Tagami, T .; et al. Stomach is a major source of circulating ghrelin, and feeding state determines plasma ghrelin-like immunoreactivity levels in humans. J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. 2001, 86, 4753-4758). In addition to its role as a stimulant in GH release, the hormone has a variety of other endocrine and non-endocrine functions (Broglio, F .; Gottero, C .; Arvat, E .; Ghigo, E. Endocrine and non-endocrine actions of ghrelin Horm Res. 2003, 59, 109-117) and its interaction with a number of systems has been demonstrated in its role in maintaining an appropriate energy balance (Horvath, TL; Diano, S .; Sotonyi, P .; Heiman, M .; Tschop , M. Ghrelin and the regulation of energy balance - a hypothalamic perspective. Endocrinology 2001, 142, 4163-4169; Casanueva, FF; Dieguez, C. Ghrelin: the link connecting growth with metabolism and energy homeostasis. Rev. Endocrinol. Metab. Disord. 2002, 3, 325-338). In particular, the peptide ghrelin plays a role as an orexigenic signal in feeding control, in which it acts to counteract the effects of leptin. Indeed, it was the first intestinal peptide that was proven to possess such orexigenic properties (Kojima, M .; Kangawa, K. Ghrelin, An orexigenic signaling molecule from the gastrointestinal tract. Curr. Opin. Pharmacology 2002, 2, 665-668) . The hormone is also involved in the hypothalamic regulation of the synthesis and secretion of a number of neuropeptides involved in appetite and eating behavior. Ghrelin levels are elevated in response to fasting or extended food restriction (Nakazato, M .; Murakami, N .; Date, Y .; Kojima, M .; et al. A role for ghrelin in the central regulation of feeding Nature 2001, 409, 194-198). For example, subjects suffering from anorexia or bulimia exhibit elevated ghrelin levels. Circulating levels of the hormone have been found to rise before meals and drop after. In addition, diet-induced weight loss leads to increased ghrelin levels, although obese subjects who have undergone gastric bypass surgery do not experience such an increase in the same way (Cummings, DE; Weigle, DS; Frayo, RS ; et al. Plasma ghrelin levels after diet-induced weight loss or gastric bypass surgery. N. Engl. J. Med.
2002, 346, 1623-1630).
This intimate relationship of ghrelin with controlling food intake and appetite has made it an attractive target for obesity research. Indeed, very few natural substances have been shown to be related to the modulation of GH secretion and food intake.
An additional effect of ghrelin that has not been exploited to date for therapeutic purposes is the modulation of gastric motility and gastric acid secretion. Prokinetic activity appears to be independent of GH secretory action and is probably mediated by the vagal cholinergic muscarinic pathway. The dose levels required are equivalent to those necessary for the stimulating actions of the GH hormone and appetite. It is noteworthy that, in contrast to its inactivity for other actions of ghrelin, the peptide ctes-Gln demonstrated an enhancement of motility as well (Trudel, L .; Bouin, M .; Tomasetto, C .; Eberling, P. ; St-Pierre, S .; Bannon, P .; L'Heureux, MC; Poitras, P. Two new peptides to improve posoperative gastric ileus in dog. Peptides
2003, 24, 531-534; Trudel, L .; Tomasetto, C .; Rio, MC; Bouin, M .; Plourde, V .; Eberling, P .; Poitras, P.
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Ghrelin / motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse gastric posoperative ileus ¡n rats. Am. J. Physiol.
2002, 282, G948-G952; Peeters, TL Central and peripheral mechanisms by which ghrelin regulates gut motility. J.
Physiol. Pharmacol. 2003, 54 (Sup. 4), 95-103).
Ghrelin has also been implicated in various aspects of neonatal reproduction and development (Arvat, E .; Gianotti, L .; Giordano, R .; et al. Growth hormone-releasing hormone and growth hormone secretagogue-receptor ligands. Focus on reproductive system. Endocrine 2001, 14, 35-43). The cardiovascular effects of ghrelin are also important, since the peptide is a powerful vasodilator. As such, ghrelin agonists have potential for the treatment of chronic heart failure (Nagaya, N .; Kangawa, K. Ghrelin, A novel growth hormone-relasing peptide, in the treatment of chronic heart failure. Regul. Pept. 2003, 114, 71-77; Nagaya, N .; Kangawa, K. Ghrelin improves left ventricular dysfunction and cardiac cachexia in heart failure. Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2003, 3, 146-151; Bedendi, I .; Alloatti, G .; Marcantoni, A .; Malan, D .; Catapano, F .; Ghé, C .; et al. Cardiac effects of ghrelin and its endogenous derivatives des-octanoyl ghrelin and des-Gln14-ghrelin. Eur. J. Pharmacol. 2003, 476, 87-95). International Publication No. WO 2004/014412 describes the use of ghrelin agonists for protection against cell death in myocardial cells and as a cardioprotective treatment against disorders leading to heart failure. Finally, evidence has been obtained showing that ghrelin may have implications for anxiety and other SCN disorders, as well as memory improvement (Carlini, VP, Monzon, ME, Varas, MM, Cragnolini, AB, Schioth, HB, Scimonelli, TN, de Barioglio, SR: Ghrelin increases anxiety-like behavior and memory retention in rats. Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 2002, 299, 739-743).
The myriad effects of ghrelin in humans have suggested the existence of subtypes for its receptor, although none have yet been identified (Torsello, A .; Locatelli, Y .; Melis, MR; Succu, S .; Spano, MS ; Deghenghi, R .; Muller, EE; Argiolas, A .; Torsello, A .; Locatelli, V .; et al .: Differential orexigenic effects of hexarelin and its analogs in the rat hypothalamus: indication for multiple growth hormone secretagogue receptor subtypes Neuroendocrinology, 2000, 72, 327-332). However, a truncated and inactive form of GHSR1a, designated GHS-R1b, was isolated and identified at the same time that the original characterization was obtained. There is growing evidence that additional receptor subtypes might be present in different tissues to explain the various effects manifested by endogenous peptides and synthetic GHS. For example, high-affinity ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin binding sites have also been found in breast cancer cell lines, cardiomyocytes, and guinea pig heart to be involved in mediating antiproliferative cardiac inotropic effects. , cardioprotective and negative of peptides. Similarly, specific GHS binding sites in addition to GHS-R1a and GHS-R1b have been found in prostate cancer cells. Furthermore, ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin exert different effects on cell proliferation in prostate carcinoma cell lines (Cassoni, P .; Ghé, C .; Marrocco, T .; et al .: Expression of ghrelin and biological activity of specific receptors for ghrelin and des-acyl ghrelin in human prostate neoplasms and related cell lines, Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004, 150, 173-184). These different receptor subtypes may then be independently involved in the wide selection of biological activities manifested by endogenous peptides and synthetic GHS. In fact, the existence of receptor subtypes, despite its potent stimulation of the lipolytic hormone, growth hormone, was recently offered as an explanation for the promotion of fat accumulation caused by ghrelin (Thompson, NM; Gill, DA S .; Davies, R; Loveridge, N .; Houston, PA; Robinson, ICAF; Wells, T .: Ghrelin and des-octanoyl ghrelin promote adipogenesis directly in vivo by a mechanism independent of the type the growth hormone secretagogue receptor, Endocrinology 2004, 145, 234-242). Furthermore, this work suggested that the ratio of ghrelin and desacyl-ghrelin production could help regulate the balance between adipogenesis and lipolysis in response to nutritional status.
The successful creation of peptide ghrelin analogs that separate the modulating effects of GH from the effects on weight gain and appetite provides strong evidence for the existence and physiological relevance of other receptor subtypes (Halem, HA; Taylor, JE; Dong , JZ; Shen, Y .; Datta, R .; Abizaid, A .; Diano, S .; Horvath, T .; Zizzari, P .; Bluet-Pajot, M.-T .; Epelbaum, J .; Culler, MD: Novel analogs of ghrelin: physiological and clinical implications, Eur. J. Endocrinol. 2004, 151, S71-S75). BIM-28163 functions as an antagonist at the GHSR1a receptor and inhibits the activation of the receptor by native ghrelin. However, this same molecule is a complete agonist in terms of stimulating weight gain and food intake. Furthermore, the existence of a yet uncharacterized receptor subtype has been proposed based on binding studies in various tissues that showed differences between peptide and non-peptide gHs (Ong, H .; Menicoll, N .; Escher, F .; Collu, R; Deghenghi, R; Locatelli, V .; Ghigo, E .; Muccioli, G .; Boghen, M .; Nilsson, M. Endocrinology 1998, 139, 432435). Differences between the expression of general GHS-R and that of the GHS-R1a subtype have been reported in rat testes (Barreiro, ML; Suominen, JS; Gaytan, F .; Pinilla, L .; Chopin, LK; Casanueva, FF; Dieguez, C .; Aguilar, E .; Toppari, J .; Tena-Sempere, M .: Developmental, stage-specific, and hormonally regulated expression of growth hormone secretagogue receptor messenger RNA in rat testis, Biol. Reproduction, 2003 , 68, 1631-1640). A GHS-R subtype on cholinergic nerves is postulated as an explanation for the differential actions of ghrelin and a peptide GHS on the neural contractile response observed during motilin receptor binding studies (Depoortere, I .; Thijs, T .; Thielemans, L .; Robberecht, P .; Peeters, TL Interaction of the growth hormone-releasing peptides ghrelin and growth hormone-releasing peptide-6 with the motilin receptor in the rabbit gastric antrum, J. Pharmacol. Eq. Ther. 2003, 305, 660-667).
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The variety of activities associated with the ghrelin receptor could also be due to different agonists that activate various signaling pathways as has been shown for ghrelin and anedosin, which interact as agonists at GHS-R1a (Carreira, MC; Camina, JP; Smith, RG; Casanueva, FF Agonistspecific coupling of growth hormone secretagogue receptor type 1a to different intracellular signaling systems. Role of adenosine, Neuroendocrinology 2004, 79, 13-25).
It has been shown that the functional activity of a GPCR often requires the formation of dimers or other multimeric complexes with itself or with other proteins (Park, PS; Filipek, S .; Wells, JW; Palczewski, K. Oligomerization of G protein -coupled receptors: past, present, and future, Biochemistry, 2004, 43, 15643-15656; Rios, CD; Jordan, BA; Gomes, I .; Devi, LA G-protein-coupled receptor dimerization: modulation of receptor function, Pharmacol. Ther. 2001, 92, 71-87; Devi, LA Heterodimerization of G-protein-coupled receptors: pharmacology, signaling and trafficking, Trends Pharmacol. Sci. 2001, 22, 532-537). Also, ghrelin receptor activity could be at least partially regulated by such complexes. For example, certain reports indicate that the interaction of GHS-R1a with GHRH (Cunha, SR; Mayo, Ke. Ghrelin, and growth hormone (GH) secreatagogues potentiate GH-releasing hormone (GHRH) -induced cyclic adenosine 3 ', 5'monophosphate production in cells expressing transfected GHRH and GH secretagogue receptors, Endocrinology, 2002, 143, 4570-4582; Malagón, MM; Luque, RM; Ruiz-Guerrero, E .; Rodriguez-Pacheco, F .; Garcia-Navarro, S .; Casanueva, FF; Gracia-Navarro, F .; Castano, JP Intracellular signaling mechanisms mediating ghrelin-stimulated growth hormone release in somatotropes, Endocrinology, 2003, 144, 5372-5380) or between receptor subtypes (Chan, CB; Cheng, CHK Identification and functional characterization of two alternatively spliced growth hormone secretagogue receptor transcripts from the pituitary of black seabream Acanthopagrus schlegeli, Mol. Cell. Endocrinol. 2004, 214, 81-95) could be involved in modulation of receptor function.
The vast majority of approaches presented to exploit the ghrelin receptor for therapeutic purposes have focused on modulation of metabolic functions. Similarly, the vast majority of the literature on GHS focuses on disorders that can be treated through its GH promotional actions. Some of the embodiments of the present disclosure described herein take advantage, in particular, of the selective activation of the ghrelin receptor to provide a route for the treatment of diseases characterized by gastrointestinal dysmotility. The improvement in gastrointestinal motility seen with ghrelin demonstrates that ghrelin agonists may be helpful in correcting disorders associated with reduced or limited motility (Murray, CDR; Kamm, MA; Bloom, SR; Emmanuel, AV Ghrelin for the gastroenterologist : history and potential, Gastroenterology, 2003, 125, 1492-1502; Fujino, K .; Inui, A .; Asakawa, A .; Kihara, N .; Fujimura, M .; Fujimiya, M. Ghrelin induces fasting motor activity of the gastrointestinal tract in conscious fed rats, J. Physiol. 2003, 550, 227-240; Edholm, T .; Levin, F .; Hellstrom, PM; Schmidt, PT Ghrelin, stimulates motility in the small intestine of rats through intrinsic cholinergic neurons, Regul. Pept. 2004,121, 25-30).
Postoperative ileus is included among these disorders (POI, Luckey, A .; Livingston, E .; Taché, Y. Mechanisms and treatment of posoperative ileus, Arch. Surg. 2003, 138, 206-214; Baig, MK; Wexner, SD Postoperative ileus: a review, Dis. Colon Rectum 2004, 47, 516-526). Postoperative ileus (POI) is defined as a deficiency in gastrointestinal motility that routinely occurs after abdominal, intestinal, gynecologic, and pelvic surgery. In the United States alone, 4.3 million surgeries a year cause POI, representing an economic impact of more than a billion dollars. Postoperative ileus is considered a detrimental response to surgical manipulation with a variable duration that generally persists for 72 hours. It is characterized by abdominal pain, distention or bloating, nausea and vomiting, accumulation of gases and fluids in the intestine, and delayed stool. Patients are unable to tolerate food by mouth or have a bowel movement until bowel function returns. Postoperative ileus carries numerous unintended consequences, including increased patient morbidity, costly prolongation of hospital stay, and is also one of the major causes of hospital readmission. In addition, opioid drugs that are prescribed as pain relievers after surgery exacerbate this disorder due to their known side effect of inhibiting bowel function.
Surgical manipulation of the stomach or intestine causes a disruption of the signaling pathways between the intestine and the brain, affecting gastrointestinal activity and causing postoperative ileus. Ghrelin acts locally in the stomach to stimulate and coordinate the firing of vagal afferent neurons and thus modulate intestinal motility. Thus, ghrelin accelerates gastric emptying in humans and is a potent agent that can treat, as has been shown, postoperative ileus in animal models. Ghrelin agonists duplicate the effects of ghrelin, thus directly targeting the underlying cause of postoperative ileus to accelerate normalization of bowel function and allow for faster discharge from the hospital. Intravenous administration is often the preferred form of treatment for postoperative ileus due to poor gastrointestinal motility in these patients that precludes oral therapy. Currently, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has not approved any specific agents for the treatment of postoperative ileus.
Another serious motility disorder is gastroparesis, a particular problem for type 1 and type 2 diabetics (Camilleri, M. Advances in diabetic gastroparesis, Rev. Gastroenterol. Disord. 2002, 2, 47-56; Tack et al. Gastroenterology 2004 ; 126: A485; Moreaux, B .; VandenBerg, J .; Thielmans, L .; Meulemans, A .; Coulie, B.
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Activation of the GHS receptor accelerates gastric emptying in the dog, Digestive Disease Week, May 15-20, 2004, New Orleans, LA, USA Abstract M1009; Tack et al. Gastroenterology 2004, 126: A74). Gastroparesis (paralysis of the stomach) is a syndrome characterized by delayed gastric emptying in the absence of any mechanical obstruction. It is variably characterized by abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, weight loss, anorexia, a feeling of premature satiety, malnutrition, dehydration, gastroesophageal reflux, abdominal cramps and bloating. This chronic disorder can lead to frequent hospitalization, major disability, and decreased quality of life. Severe symptomatic gastroparesis is common in individuals with diabetes, affecting 5-10% of diabetics among a total patient population of 1 million in the United States alone. Neuropathy is a common and debilitating complication of diabetes. Visceral neuropathy results in gastrointestinal dysfunction, especially involving the stomach and leading to impaired gastric motility. Ghrelin promotes gastric emptying by stimulating both the vagus nerve and through a direct prokinetic action on the gastric mucosa. Furthermore, a recent clinical study indicates that intravenous administration of natural ghrelin peptide is an acute and effective therapy in patients with diabetic gastroparesis. Therefore, a ghrelin agonist would be very effective in overcoming the fundamental barrier of motility faced by patients with gastroparesis and correcting this disorder. As with postoperative ileus, no accepted or effective therapy is available for diabetic gastroparesis, and most current therapies are aimed solely at symptomatic relief. Furthermore, many of the therapies in development have a mechanism of action similar to previous products that have failed in this indication. Some surgical procedures can improve the disease procedure, but do not offer a chance of cure.
Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction (OBD, Kurz, A .; Sessler, DJ Opioid-Induced Bowel Dysfunction, Drugs, 2003, 63, 649-671) is the term applied to the confluence of symptoms involving reduced gastrointestinal motility resulting from treatment with opioid pain relievers. Approximately 40-50% of patients taking opioids for pain control experience opioid-induced intestinal dysfunction (OID). It is characterized by dry, hard stools, stool strain, incomplete evacuation, bloating, abdominal distention, and increased gastric reflux. In addition to the obvious short-term distress, this disorder leads to physical and psychological deterioration in patients on long-term opioid treatment. Also, the dysfunction can be so severe as to become a dose-limiting side effect that actually prevents adequate pain control. As with postoperative ileus, a ghrelin agonist can be expected to counteract dysmotility resulting from opioid use.
Ghrelin and its agonists could also help two lesser-known syndromes through the gastrointestinal motility stimulation effects of ghrelin and its agonists. Short bowel syndrome is a disorder that occurs after the removal of a substantial part of the small intestine and is characterized by malnutrition. It is observed that patients have decreased ghrelin levels as a result of the loss of neuroendocrine cells that produce ghrelin in the intestine. It is possible that the small intestine is fed back in the release of the hormone (Krsek, M .; Rosicka, M .; Haluzik, M .; et al. Plasma ghrelin levels in patients with short bowel syndrome, Endocr. Res. 2002, 28 , 27-33). Intestinal pseudo-obstruction is a syndrome defined by the presence of chronic intestinal dilation and dysmotility in the absence of mechanical obstruction or inflammation. It is known that both genetic and acquired causes cause this disorder that affects a large number of individuals annually throughout the world (Hirano, I .; Pandolfino, J. Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction, Dig. Dis. 2000, 18, 83- 92).
Other disorders that could be treated through ghrelin receptor stimulation are: emesis such as that caused by cancer chemotherapy, constipation such as that associated with the hypomotility phase of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), gastric emptying late associated with wasting disorders, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric ulcers (Sibilia, V .; Rindi, G .; Pagani, F .; Rapetti, D .; Locatelli, V .; Torsello, A .; Campanini, N .; Degenghi, R .; Netti, C. Ghrelin protects against ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats: studies on the mechanism of action, Endocrinology, 2003, 144, 353-359) and Crohn's disease.
Additionally, gastrointestinal dysmotility is a significant problem in other mammals as well. For example, the motility dysfunction called ileus or colic is the number one cause of mortality among horses. Also, ileus is one of the most common complications of equine intestinal surgery, in other words, postoperative ileus. This disorder can also have a nonsurgical etiology. Some horses may be predisposed to ileus based on the anatomy and function of their digestive tract. Virtually any horse is susceptible to colic with only minor differences based on age, sex, and breed. Furthermore, ileus can affect other animals, for example canines (Roussel, AJ, Jr .; Cohen, ND; Hooper, RN; Rakestraw, PC Risk factors associated with development of posoperative ileus in horses, J. Am Vet. Med Assoc. 2001, 219, 72-78; Van Hoogmoed, LM; Nieto, JE; Snyder, JR; Harmon, FA Survey of prokinetic use in horses with gastrointestinal injury, Vet. Surg. 2004,33,279-285).
Most importantly, for most of the disorders listed above there is no specific or approved therapy, and most therapies simply treat symptomatic relief. However, specific modulation of the ghrelin receptor will provide an opportunity to directly target the site of the pathophysiological alteration to better treat the underlying disorder and improve clinical outcome. Furthermore, unlike other agents that interact at the GHS-R1a receptor, the compounds herein are believed to
ES 2 646 887 T3 disclosure do not stimulate concurrent GH secretion. This separation of GH and gastrointestinal effects has not been previously reported for any modulator of this receptor. However, as mentioned above, the existence of analogues that separate appetite control and GH modulatory effects associated with ghrelin have been reported (Eur. J. Endocrino /. 2004, 151, S71-S75 ).
WO 01/00830 reports on short gastrointestinal peptides (SGIP) that secrete growth hormone and also promote gastrointestinal motility, but this was not shown to be due to the action of the ghrelin receptor. US Patent 6,548,501 discloses specific compounds, but like GHS, it is useful for stimulating gastrointestinal motility. Furthermore, other endogenous factors are known to stimulate GH secretion, but do not promote gastrointestinal motility. What's more, many actually inhibit this physiological function. Specific receptor agonists such as the compounds presented in the present disclosure have greater potential to be selective and effective therapeutic agents.
Work on the development of a potent and selective GHS with a number of derived small molecules has continued and what has been previously summarized is now known (Carpino, P. Exp. Opin. Ther. Patents, 2002, 12, 1599-1618.) Specific GHSs are described in the following patents and International Publication numbers: WO 89/07110; WO 89/07111; WO 92/07578; WO 93/04081; WO 94/11012; WO 94/13696; WO 94/19367; WO 95/11029; WO 95/13069; WO 95/14666; WO 95/17422; WO 95/17423; WO 95/34311; WO 96/02530; WO 96/15148; WO 96/22996; WO 96/22997; WO 96/24580; WO 96/24587; WO 96/32943; WO 96/33189; WO 96/35713; WO 96/38471; WO 97/00894; WO 97/06803; WO 97/07117; WO 97/09060; WO 97/11697; WO 97/15191; WO 97/15573; WO 97/21730; WO 97/22004; WO 97/22367; WO 97/22620; WO 97/23508; WO 97/24369; WO 97/34604; WO 97/36873; WO 97/38709; WO 97/40023; WO 97/40071; WO 97/41878; WO 97/41879; WO 97/43278; WO 97/44042; WO 97/46252; WO 98/03473; WO 98/10653; WO 98/18815; WO 98/22124; WO 98/46569; WO 98/51687; WO 98/58947; WO 98/58948; WO 98/58949; WO 98/58950; WO 99/08697; WO 99/09991; WO 99/36431; WO 99/39730; WO 99/45029; WO 99/58501; WO 99/64456; WO 99/65486, WO 99/65488; WO 00/01726; WO 00/10975; WO 01/47558; WO 01/92292; WO 01/96300; WO 01/97831; US Patent No. 3,239,345; US Patent No. 4,036,979; US Patent No. 4,411,890; US Patent No. 5,492,916; US Patent No. 5,494,919; US Patent No. 5,559,128; US Patent No. 5,663,171; US Patent No. 5,721,250; US Patent No. 5,721,251; US Patent No. 5,723,616; US Patent No. 5,726,319; US Patent No. 5,767,124; US Patent No. 5,798,337; US Patent No. 5,830,433; US Patent No. 5,919,777; US Patent No. 6,034,216; US Patent No. 6,548,501; US Patent No. 6,559,150; US Patent No. 6,576,686; US Patent No. 6,686,359; and International Application numbers 2002/0168343; 2003/100494; 2003/130284; 2003/186844.
Despite the existence of so many research papers, cyclic compounds have rarely been shown to act at the receptor. When they have succeeded, antagonistic activity has been more frequent. For example, the 14 amino acid compound vapreotide, an SRIH-14 agonist, and somatostatin mimetic was shown to be a ghrelin antagonist (Deghenghi R, Papotti M, Ghigo E, et al. Somatostatin octapeptides (lanreotide, octreotide, vapreotide, and their analogs) share the growth hormone-releasing peptide receptor in the human pituitary glan, Endocrine, 2001, 14, 29-33). The binding and antagonistic activities of cortistatin analogs, a cyclic neuropeptide known to bind non-selectively to somatostatin receptors, the growth hormone secretagogue receptor have been reported (International Patent Application WO 03/004518) , (Deghenghi R, Broglio F, Papotti M, et al. Targeting the ghrelin receptor - Orally active GHS and cortistatin analogs, Endocrine, 2003, 22, 13-18). Specifically, one of these analogs, EP01492 (cortistatin-8) has been presented in preclinical studies for the treatment of obesity as a ghrelin antagonist. These compounds show an IC50 of 24-33 nM. Likewise, these cyclic compounds and their derivatives, in addition to their use with metal binding agents, have been described for their ability to be useful in their use in radiodiagnosis or radiotherapy in the treatment of tumors and acromegaly.
Cyclic and linear analogues of growth hormone 177-191 have been studied as treatments for obesity (WO 99/12969), with a specific compound, AOD9604, which has entered the clinic for this indication. A compound that has already been studied and that is very similar to the molecules of the present disclosure is GHS, G-7203 (EC50 = 0.43 nM), the cyclic peptide analog of the growth hormone releasing peptide, GHRP-2. (Elias, KA; Ingle, GS; Burnier, JP; Hammonds, G .; McDowell, RS; Rawson, TE; Somers, TC; Stanley, MS; Cronin, MJ In vitro characterization of four novel classes of growth hormone-releasing peptide , Endocrinol. 1995, 136, 5694-5699). However, the simplification of this cyclic derivative led to linear and still potent compounds, whereas for the compounds of the present disclosure, linear analogs have been shown to be devoid of ghrelin receptor activity.
The macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure possess agonist activity. As mentioned above, however, unlike other hGHS-R1a receptor agonists, the compounds of the present disclosure unexpectedly have a negligible stimulatory effect on growth hormone release. Consequently, the compounds of the present disclosure can show selective action in the gastrointestinal tract or for metabolic disorders without side effects due to GH release.
ES 2 646 887 T3
Summary of the invention
The present disclosure relates to intermediates and their utilities as defined in the claims. The following description is subject to this definition.
The present disclosure provides novel conformationally defined macrocyclic compounds. These compounds can function as modulators, in particular agonists, of the ghrelin receptor (growth hormone secretagogue) (GHS-R1a). In accordance with aspects of the present disclosure, the present disclosure refers to compounds according to formula I, II and / or III:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0001.tif" />
(Or or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
Ri is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively Ri and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below, or alternatively Ri and Rg together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below;
R2 is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively, Ri and R2 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below; or alternatively R2 and R9 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>3</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below, or alternatively, R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>7</sub> or R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>11</sub> together form a 4, 5, 6, 7 or S membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>4</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid or alternatively R<sub>4</sub> and R<sub>3</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below, or alternatively R<sub>4</sub> and R<sub>7</sub> or R<sub>4</sub> and R<sub>11</sub> together form a 4, 5, 6, 7 or S membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>5</sub> and R<sub>6</sub> are each independently hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid or alternatively R<sub>5 </sub>and R<sub>6</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, So N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>s</sub> as defined below;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, or a substituted heterocyclic group or alternatively R3 and R7 or R4 and R7 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 heterocyclic ring or S members optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as described below;
Rs is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or S membered ring structure and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a group heterocyclic, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, halogen, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, or alternatively R<sub>s</sub> is a fused cycloalkyl ring, a substituted fused cycloalkyl, a fused heterocyclic, a substituted fused heterocyclic, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl or a substituted fused heteroaryl when replaced by hydrogen atoms on two adjacent atoms;
S
ES 2 646 887 T3
X is O, NRg or N (Rio)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>;
wherein Rg is hydrogen, Lower alkyl, substituted Lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide, or amino and R-io is hydrogen, Lower alkyl, or substituted Lower alkyl, or alternatively Rg and Ri together form a 3,4 ring,
5, 6 or 7 membered, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
Zi is O or NRii, where Rn is hydrogen, Lower alkyl, or substituted Lower alkyl, or alternatively R3 and Rn together or R4 and R11 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, which optionally comprises an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined above;
Z<sub>2</sub> is O or NR12, where R12 is hydrogen, Lower alkyl, or substituted Lower alkyl;
m, n and p. they are each independently 0, 1 or 2;
T is a bivalent radical of formula IV:
-U- (CH<sub>2</sub>) dWYZ- (CH<sub>2</sub>) e- (IV) in which d and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; Y and Z are each optionally present; U is -CR21R22- or -C (= O) - and is linked to X of formula I; W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NR23-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) NH-, -NH-C (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-, -CR24R25-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration -C = C- and the ring structures below:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0002.tif" />
Or in which G1 and G<sub>2</sub> are each independently a covalent bond or a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NRsg-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) NH-, -NHC (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-, -CR40R41-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration and -C = C-; with G1 being attached closer to the U group, wherein any carbon atoms in rings not otherwise defined can be replaced by N, provided that the ring cannot contain more than four N atoms; Κι, K<sub>2</sub>, K3, K4, and K5 are each independently O, NR42, or S, where R42 is as defined below;
R21 and R22 are each independently hydrogen, Lower alkyl, or substituted Lower alkyl, or alternatively R21 and R22 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, where the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
R23, R39, and R42 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formaldehyde, acyl, carboxylalkyl, aminocarboxylate, sulfuryl amyl sulfonamide;
R24 and R25 are each independently hydrogen, Lower alkyl, substituted Lower alkyl, Raa, where Raa is a side chain of an amino acid, such as a conventional or unusual amino acid, or alternatively R24 and R25 together form a cyclic ring of 3 to 12 members optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N; or alternatively one of R24 or R25 is hydroxl, alkoxl, arlloxl, amine, mercapto, carbamoyl, amine, ureyl, or guanyne while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R24 and R25 are attached, is also attached to another heteroatom;
R26, R31, R35 and R38 are each optionally present and, when present, are substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms on the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trlfluoromethyl, alkyl, alkyl substituted, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryl, amine, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxylic, carboxylic, amyl, carbamoyl, guanide, urel, amine, clane, nitro, mercapto, sulfone, sulfonyl, and sulfonamide;
R27 is optionally present and is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl,
ES 2 646 887 T3 substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl , guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido;
R<sub>28</sub>, R<sub>29</sub>, R<sub>30</sub>, R<sub>32</sub>, R<sub>33</sub>, R<sub>34</sub>, R<sub>3</sub>6 and R<sub>37</sub> are each optionally present and, when no double bond is present on the carbon atom to which they are attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when present they are replaced by a hydrogen present in the ring, or when they are not there is a double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, is substituted by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, aryl substituted, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido and, only if a double bond is present to the carbon atom to which it is attached, halogen; and R40 and R41 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, Raa as defined above, or alternatively R40 and R41 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising heteroatoms selected from the group consisting in O, S and N where the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as defined above, or alternatively one of R40 and R41 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido, or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon at which R<sub>40</sub> and R<sub>41</sub> they are bound, they also bind to another heteroatom;
provided that T is not an amino acid residue, a dipeptide fragment, a tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids;
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0003.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R50 is - (CH2) ssCH3, -CH (CH3) (CH2) ttCH3, - (CH2) uuCH (CH<sub>9</sub>) 2, -C (CH3) 3, - (CHR55) vv-R56, or -CH (OR57) CH3, where ss is 1,2 or 3; tt is 1 or 2; uu is 0, 1 or 2; and vv is 0, 1,2, 3 or 4; R55 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R56 is amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; and R57 is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, or carboxaryl;
R<sub>5</sub>i is hydrogen, Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy;
R<sub>52</sub> is - (CHR<sub>58</sub>)<sub>ww</sub>R<sub>59</sub>, where ww is 0, 1,2 or 3; R<sub>58</sub> is hydrogen, C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub>, amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R<sub>59</sub> is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl;
R<sub>53</sub> is hydrogen or C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub>;
X2 is O, NR9 or N (R<sub>w</sub>)2<sup>+</sup>;
in which R<sub>9</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R<sub>10</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z<sub>5</sub> is O or NR<sub>12</sub>, in which R<sub>12</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; Y
T<sub>2</sub> is a bivalent radical of formula V:
-OR<sub>to</sub>- (CH2) dW<sub>to</sub>-Y<sub>to</sub>-Z<sub>to</sub>- (CH2)<sub>and</sub>- (V) where d and e are independently 0, 1,2, 3, 4 or 5; Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to</sub> are each optionally present; OR<sub>to</sub> is -CR60R61- or -C (= O) - and is bound to X2 of formula II, wherein R60 and R61 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R21 and R22 together form a 3- to 12-membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above; W<sub>to</sub>, Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to</sub> each is independently selected from the group consisting of: -O-, -NR<sub>62</sub>-, -S-, -SO-, SO2-, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) -NH-, -NH-C (= O) - , -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-, -CR63R64-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E -C ^ C- configuration, and the ring structures shown below:
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0004.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0005.tif" />
in which Gi and G2 are defined above, and in which any carbon atom in the ring is optionally replaced by N, provided that the aromatic ring cannot contain more than four N atoms and the cycloalkyl ring cannot contain more than two N atoms;
R<sub>62</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formyl, acyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, amidino, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64</sub> they are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or RAA; or alternatively R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64</sub> together they form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N; or alternatively one of R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64</sub> is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido, or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R63 and R64 are attached, are also attached to another heteroatom; and Raa indicates the side chain of an amino acid, such as a conventional or unusual amino acid;
R<sub>65</sub> and R<sub>68</sub> are each optionally present, and, when present, are substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a heterocyclic group substituted, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R66 and R67 are each optionally present, present, and, when no double bond is present on the carbon atom to which they are attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when present, they are replaced by a hydrogen present on the ring. ring, or when there is no double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, it is replaced by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring and each is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, urethido, carbamoyl, guanidino, , amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide and, only if a double bond is present to the carbon atom to which it is attached, halogen;
R69 is optionally present, and when present it is substituted with one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or sulfonamido;
K<sub>6</sub> is O or S; and ff is 1,2,3,4 or 5;
provided that T2 is not an amino acid residue, dipeptide fragment, tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids; or
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0006.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R<sub>70</sub> is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R<sub>7</sub>o and R<sub>7</sub>i together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8a</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub>i is hydrogen, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>aa</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) (CH<sub>2</sub>) bbCH3, - (CH<sub>2</sub>) ccCH (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>dd</sub>-R<sub>76</sub> or -CH (OR<sub>77</sub>) CH<sub>3</sub> or alternatively R<sub>7</sub>i and R<sub>70</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3rd</sub> as defined below; wherein aa is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5; bb is 1,2 or 3; cc is 0, 1,2 or 3; and dd is 0, 1,2, 3, or 4; R<sub>76</sub> is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; R<sub>77</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxylic, or carboxylic;
R<sub>72</sub> is Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>; or alternatively R<sub>72</sub> and R<sub>73</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3</sub>b as defined below;
R<sub>73</sub> is hydrogen, or alternatively R<sub>73</sub> and R<sub>72</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3</sub>b as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub>4 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R<sub>7</sub>4 and R<sub>7</sub>s together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub>5 is - (CHR<sub>73</sub>) R<sub>7</sub>go as alternative R<sub>7</sub>s and R<sub>7</sub>4 together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below; in which R<sub>73</sub> is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, amine, hydroxy, or alkoxy, and R<sub>79 </sub>is selected from the group consisting of the following structures:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0007.tif" />
in which E1, E<sub>2</sub>, E<sub>3</sub>, E<sub>4</sub> and E<sub>5</sub> are each optionally present and when present, each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl , substituted heteroaryl, hydroxl, alkoxl, arlloxl, clane, sulfonllo, sulfonllo and sulfonamldo, and represent a substitution at one or more available positions on the aromatic, monocyclic or white ring, wherein said substitution is made with the same or different selected group member, and J1 and J<sub>2</sub> they are each independently O or S;
Rea, Rsb, and Rsc are each independently substituted with one or more hydrogen atoms in the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring structure and are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxl, alkoxl, arlloxl, oxo, amine, halogen, formyl, acyl,
ES 2 646 887 T3 carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and sulfonamido, or alternatively, Rsa, Rsb and Rsc are each independently a fused cycloalkyl ring, a cycloalkyl substituted fused, a fused heterocyclic, a substituted fused heterocyclic, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl or a substituted fused heteroaryl when substituted with hydrogen atoms on the two adjacent atoms;
X3 is O, NR9 or N (Ri0) 2+;
wherein R9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z10 is O or NR12, where R12 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; and T3 is the same as defined for T2 with the exception that U<sub>to</sub> binds to X3 of formula III.
According to additional aspects of the present disclosure the compound is a ghrelin receptor agonist or a GHS-R1a receptor agonist.
Additional aspects of the present disclosure provide pharmaceutical compositions comprising: (a) a compound of the present disclosure; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
Additional aspects of the present disclosure provide kits comprising one or more containers containing pharmaceutical dosage units comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure packaged with optional instructions for use thereof.
Aspects of the present disclosure further provide methods of stimulating gastrointestinal motility, modulating GHS-R1a receptor activity in a mammal, and / or treating a gastrointestinal disorder comprising administering to a subject in need thereof an effective amount of a modulator that modulates a mammalian GHS-Rla receptor. In particular embodiments, the interaction of the modulator and the GHS-R1a receptor does not result in a significant amount of growth hormone release. In other embodiments, the modulator is a compound of formula I, II, and / or III.
Additional aspects of the present disclosure provide methods for diagnosing tumors and / or acromegaly, which comprise administering compounds of the present disclosure and a radiolabeled metal binding agent and detecting binding of the composition to a biological target and treating tumors and / or acromegaly. which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a composition comprising a compound of the present disclosure.
Additional aspects of the present disclosure relate to methods of manufacturing the compounds of formula I, II and / or III.
Aspects of the present disclosure further relate to methods for preventing and / or treating disorders described herein, in particular gastrointestinal disorders, including postoperative ileus, gastroparesis, such as diabetic and postsurgical gastroparesis, opioid-induced intestinal dysfunction, pseudo-obstruction, short bowel syndrome, vomiting such as caused by cancer chemotherapy, constipation such as that associated with the hypomotility phase of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), delayed gastric emptying associated with wasting conditions, gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), gastric ulcers, Crohn's disease, gastrointestinal disorders characterized by dysmotility and other diseases and disorders of the gastrointestinal tract.
The present disclosure also relates to compounds of formula I, II and / or III used for the preparation of a medicament for the prevention and / or treatment of the disorders described herein.
The foregoing and other aspects of the present disclosure are explained in greater detail in the specification set forth below.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows a scheme presenting a general synthetic strategy in order to provide conformationally defined macrocycles of the present disclosure.
Figure 2 shows a general thioester strategy for making macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure.
Figure 3 shows a ring closure metathesis (RCM) strategy for the macrocyclic components of the present disclosure.
Figure 4 (Tables A through E) shows the competitive binding curves for binding the exemplary compounds of the present disclosure to the hGHS-R1a receptor.
Figure 5 (Tables A through E) shows the response-concentration curves for hGHS-R1a receptor activation by the exemplary compounds of the present disclosure.
Figure 6 shows graphs that describe the pharmacokinetic parameters for the exemplary compounds of the present disclosure, specifically after oral administration of 8 mg / kg of compound 298 (Table A), after subcutaneous injection of 2 mg / kg of compound. 298 with cyclodextrin (Table B), after intravenous administration of 2 mg / kg of compound 25 with cyclodextrin (Table C) and after administration
ES 2 646 887 T3 of 2 mg / kg of compound 298 with cyclodextrin (Table D).
Figure 7 (Tables A and B) shows graphs depicting the effects on gastric emptying of the exemplary compounds of the present disclosure.
Figure 8 shows a graph presenting the effects of postoperative ileus of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 9 (tables A through D) shows graphs describing the effect on pulsatile growth hormone release of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 10 shows a competitive binding curve for the binding of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure to the hGHS-R1a receptor.
Figure 11 shows an activation curve demonstrating agonism of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 12 shows a graph depicting growth hormone agonism and non-release of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 13 shows graphs depicting receptor desensitization associated with binding of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure to the hGHS-R1a receptor.
Figure 14 (Tables A and B) shows graphs showing the effects on gastric emptying of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 15 shows a graph presenting the effects on postoperative ileus of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 16 shows graphs depicting the reversal of gastric emptying delayed by morphine (Table A) and gastrointestinal transit delayed by morphine (Table B) of an exemplary compound of the present disclosure.
Figure 17 (Tables A and B) show graphs describing the effects on gastroparesis of exemplary compounds of the present disclosure.
Detailed description
The foregoing and other aspects of the present disclosure will now be described in greater detail in connection with other embodiments described herein. It should be noted that the present disclosure may have different embodiments and should not be construed as being limited to the embodiments set forth herein. Rather, these embodiments are provided so that this disclosure is rigorous and complete, and fully expresses the scope of the present disclosure to those skilled in the art.
The terminology used in the description of this disclosure is intended to describe only specific embodiments and is not intended to limit the disclosure. As used in the description of the disclosure and the appended claims, the singular forms of a and of it are intended to include the plural forms as well, unless the context clearly indicates otherwise. Furthermore, as used herein, the term and / or includes any and all combinations of one or more of the associated listed items and may be abbreviated to /.
Unless defined otherwise, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meaning as commonly known to those of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure belongs.
The term "alkyl" refers to straight or branched chain saturated or partially saturated hydrocarbon groups containing 1 to 20 carbon atoms, in some cases 1 to 8 carbon atoms. The term "lower alkyl" refers to groups containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Some examples of alkyl groups include, but are not limited to, methyl, ethyl, isopropyl, tert-butyl, 3-hexenyl, and 2-butynyl. By unsaturated is meant the presence of 1, 2 or 3 double or triple bonds, or a combination of both. Such alkyl groups can also be optionally substituted as described below.
When a subscript is used in reference to an alkyl or other hydrocarbon group defined herein, said subscript refers to the number of carbon atoms that the group can contain. For example, C2-C4 alkyl indicates an alkyl group with 2, 3, or 4 carbon atoms.
The term "cycloalkyl" refers to saturated or partially saturated cyclic hydrocarbon groups containing 3 to 15 ring carbon atoms, in some cases 3 to 7, and alkyl groups containing such cyclic hydrocarbon groups. Examples of cycloalkyl groups include, but are not limited to, cyclopropyl, cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentyl, 2- (cyclohexyl) ethyl, cycloheptyl, and cyclohexenyl. Cycloalkyl as described herein also includes groups with multiple carbon rings, each of which may be saturated or partially saturated, for example decalinyl, [2.2.1] -bicycloheptanyl or adamantane. All of these cycloalkyl groups can also be optionally substituted as described below.
The term aromatic refers to a group of unsaturated cyclic hydrocarbons possessing a conjugated pi electron system containing 4n + 2 electrons in which n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. Aromatic molecules are normally stable and are described as a flat ring of atoms with resonance structures that
ES 2 646 887 T3 consists of alternating double or single bonds, for example benzene or naphthalene.
The term "aryl" refers to an aromatic group in a simple or fused carbocyclic ring system possessing 6 to 15 ring atoms, in some cases 6 to 10, and to alkyl groups containing such aromatic groups. Examples of aryl groups include, but are not limited to, phenyl, 1-naphthyl, 2-naphthyl, and benzyl. Aryl as defined herein also includes multiple aryl ring groups which may be fused, as is the case with naphthyl and anthracene, or unfused, as is the case with biphenyl and tert-phenyl. Aryl also refers to bicyclic or tricyclic carbon rings, in which one of the rings is aromatic and the others can be saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic, for example, indanyl or tetrahydronaphthyl (tetralinyl). All of these aryl groups can also be optionally substituted as described below.
The term heterocycle or heterocyclic refers to saturated or partially unsaturated monocyclic, bicyclic, or tricyclic groups containing 3 to 15 atoms, in some cases 3 to 7, with at least one heteroatom in at least one of the rings, and being said heteroatom selected from among O, S or N. Each ring of the heterocyclic group may contain one or two O atoms, one or two S atoms, one to four N atoms, provided that the total number of heteroatoms in each ring is four or less and each ring contains at least one carbon atom. The fused rings that complete the bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclic groups can contain only carbon atoms and can be saturated or partially unsaturated. The N and S atoms can optionally be oxidized and the N atoms can be quaternized. Heterocyclic also refers to the alkyl groups that contain such bicyclic or tricyclic heterocyclic groups. Examples of heterocyclic rings include, but are not limited to, 2- or 3-piperidine, 2- or 3-piperazinyl, 2- or 3-morpholinyl. All of these heterocyclic groups can also be optionally substituted as described below.
The term heteroaryl refers to an aromatic group in a single or fused ring system containing 5 to 15 ring atoms, in some cases 5 to 10, possessing at least one hetero atom in at least one of the rings, said heteroatom being selected from O, S or N. Each ring of the heteroaryl group may contain one or two O atoms, one or two S atoms, one to four N atoms, as long as the total number of heteroatoms in each ring is four or less and each ring contains at least a carbon atom. The fused rings that complete the bicyclic or tricyclic groups can contain only carbon atoms and can be saturated, partially unsaturated or aromatic. In structures where the single electron pair of a nitrogen atom is not involved in the completion of the pi electron aromatic system, the N atoms can optionally be quaternized or oxidized to N-oxide. Heteroaryl also refers to the alkyl groups that contain such cyclic groups. Examples of monocyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, pyrrolyl, pyrazinyl, pyrazolinyl, imidazolyl, oxazolyl, isoxazolyl, thiazolyl, thiadiazolyl, isothiazolyl, furanyl, thienyl, oxadiazolyl, pyridyl, pyrazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyridazinyl, and triazinyl. Examples of bicyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, indolyl, benzothiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzothienyl, quinolinyl, tetrahydroisoquinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, benzimidazolyl, benzopyranyl, indolizinyl, benzofuranyl, isobenzofuranyl, cromonyl, coumarinyl, beninnalinyl, chromonyl, coumarinyl, beninnalinyl, cromonyl, coumarinyl, cinnamonyl pinolopyridinyl, furopyridinyl, thienopyridinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, and tetrahydroquinolinyl. Examples of tricyclic heteroaryl groups include, but are not limited to, carbazolyl, benzindolyl, phenanthrollinyl, acridinyl, phenanthridinyl, and xanthenyl. All of these heteroaryl groups can also be optionally substituted as described below.
The term hydroxy refers to the group -OH.
The term "alkoxy" refers to the group -OR<sub>to</sub>, in which R<sub>to</sub> it is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclic. Some examples include, but are not limited to, methoxy, ethoxy, tert-butoxy, cyclohexyloxy, and tetrahydropyranyloxy.
The term "aryloxy" refers to the group -ORb where Rb is aryl or heteroaryl. Some examples include, but are not limited to, phenoxy, benzyloxy, and 2-naphthyloxy.
The term "acyl" refers to the group -C (= O) -Rc where Rc is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl. Some examples include, but are not limited to, acetyl, benzoyl, and furoyl.
The term "amino acyl" indicates an acyl group that is derived from an amino acid.
The term "amino" refers to a group -NRdRe in which Rd and Re are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heretocyclic, aryl, and heteroaryl. Alternatively, Rd and Re together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N.
The term "amido" refers to the group -C (= O) -NRfRg wherein Rf and Rg are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heretocyclic, aryl, and heteroaryl. Alternatively, Rf and Rg together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy,
ES 2 646 887 T3 aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S or N.
The term "amidino" refers to the group -C (= NRh) NRiRj in which Rh is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heretocyclic, aryl, and heteroaryl; and Ri and Rj are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heretocyclic, aryl, and heteroaryl. Alternatively, Ri and
Rj together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted with unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy , carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino, or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N.
The term "carboxy" refers to the group -CO2H.
The term "carboxyalkyl" refers to the group -CO2Rk, where Rk is alkyl, cycloalkyl, or heterocyclic.
The term "carboxyaryl" refers to the group -CO2Rm, where Rm is aryl or heteroaryl.
The term cyano refers to the group -CN.
The term "formyl" refers to the group C (= O) H, also indicated as -CHO.
The term "halo, halogen, or halide" refers to fluoro, fluorine, or fluoride, chlorine, chloride, bromine, bromide, and iodine, iodide, respectively.
The term oxo refers to the divalent group = O, which is substituted in place of two carbon atoms on the same carbon to form a carbonyl group.
The term mercapto refers to the group -SRn where Rn is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
The term nitro refers to the group NO2.
The term "trifluoromethyl" refers to the group -CF3.
The term "sulfinyl" refers to the group -S (= O) Rp where Rp is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
The term "sulfonyl" refers to the group -S (= O) 2-Rq1 where Rq1 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
The term "aminosulfonyl" refers to the group NRq2-S (= O) 2-Rq3 in which Rq2 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl; and Rq3 is alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
The term "sulfonamido" refers to the group -S (= O) 2-NRrRs in which Rr and Rs are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl. Alternatively, Rr and Rs together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino , amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N.
The term "carbamoyl" refers to the group of the formula -N (Rt) -C (= O) -ORu in which R 'is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl; and Ru is selected from alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl.
The term guanidino refers to the group of the formula -N (R „) - C (= NRw) -NRxRy in which Rv, Rw, Rx and Ry are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl or heteroaryl. Alternatively, Rx and Ry together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino , amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N.
The term ureido refers to the group of the formula -N (Rz) -C (= O) -NR<sub>aa</sub>Rbb in which Rz, R<sub>aa</sub> and Rbb are independently selected from hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl. Alternatively, R<sub>aa</sub> Y
Rbb together form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy,
ES 2 646 887 T3 aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S or N.
The term optionally substituted is intended to expressly indicate that the specified group is unsubstituted or substituted by one or more than one suitable substituent, unless optional substituents are expressly specified, in which case the term indicates that the group it is unsubstituted or substituted by the specified substituents. As defined above, various groups may be unsubstituted or substituted (ie, are optionally substituted) unless otherwise indicated (eg, indicating that the specified group is not substituted).
The term "substituted" when used with the terms "alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, and heteroaryl" refers to an alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, aryl, or heteroaryl group having one or more than one hydrogen atom from the group replaced by substituents independently selected from unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, halo, oxo, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido and groups of the formulas -NR<sub>DC</sub>C (= O) R<sub>dd</sub>, -NR<sub>ee</sub>C (= NR<sub>ff</sub>) R<sub>gg</sub>, -OC (= O) NR<sub>H H</sub>R<sub>ii</sub>, <sup>-OC (</sup>=<sup>O) R</sup>j <sup>-OC (</sup>=<sup>O) OR</sup>kk<sup>, -NR</sup>mm<sup>SW</sup>2<sup>R</sup>nm <sup>or -NR</sup>pp<sup>SW</sup>2<sup>NR</sup>what<sup>R</sup>rr <sup>in which R</sup>DC <sup>R</sup>ddi <sup>R</sup>ee<sup>, R</sup>ff <sup>R</sup>gg<sup>, R</sup>H H, <sup>R</sup>ii, <sup>R</sup>mm, <sup>R</sup>pp<sup>,</sup>
R<sub>what</sub> and R<sub>rr</sub> they are independently selected from unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl; and wherein Rkk and Rnn are independently selected from unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, or unsubstituted heteroaryl. Alternatively, R<sub>gg</sub> and R<sub>H H</sub>, Rjj and R<sub>kk</sub> or R<sub>pp</sub> and R<sub>what</sub> together they form a 3- to 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally substituted by unsubstituted alkyl, unsubstituted cycloalkyl, unsubstituted heterocyclic, unsubstituted aryl, unsubstituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, acyl, amino, amido, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, amidino, carbamoyl, guanidino, or ureido, and optionally containing one to three additional heteroatoms selected from O, S, or N. Furthermore, the term substituted for aryl and heteroaryl groups optionally includes the replacement of one of the hydrogen atoms in the group with cyano, nitro, or trifluoromethyl.
A substitution is made as long as the normal valence of any atom is not exceeded and that the substitution results in a stable compound. Generally, when a substituted form of a group is present, said substituted group is more preferably not substituted or, if substituted, the substituent comprises only a limited number of substituted groups, in some cases 1,2, 3 or 4 of such substituents .
When any variable appears more than once in any constituent or in any of the formulas presented here, its definition in each occurrence is independent of its definition in the other occurrences. Furthermore, combinations of the substituents and / or variables are only permissible if such combinations result in stable compounds.
A stable compound or stable structure refers to a compound that is robust enough to survive isolation to a useful degree of purity and formulation into an effective therapeutic agent.
The term "amino acid" refers to common natural (genetically encoded) or synthetic amino acids and their common derivatives, known to those skilled in the art. When applied to amino acids, standard or proteinogenic refers to the 20 genetically encoded amino acids in their natural configuration.
Similarly, when applied to amino acids, unnatural or unusual refers to the wide selection of unnatural, rare or synthetic amino acids such as those described by Hunt, S. in Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Amino Acids, Barrett, GC, Ed., Chapman and Hall: New York, 1985.
The term "residue" in reference to an amino acid or derivative of an amino acid refers to a group of the formula:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0008.tif" />
in which R<sub>AA</sub> is an amino acid side chain, and n = 0, 1 or 2 in this case.
The term "fragment" with respect to a higher order dipeptide, tripeptide or peptide derivative indicates a group containing two, three or more amino acid residues respectively.
The term "amino acid side chain" refers to any side chain of a standard or non-natural amino acid, and is represented by R<sub>AA</sub>. For example, the side chain of alanine is methyl, the side chain of valine is isopropyl, and the side chain of tryptophan is 3-indolylmethyl.
The term agonist refers to a compound that duplicates at least part of the endogenous ligand effect of a
ES 2 646 887 T3 protein, receptor, enzyme or the like.
The term "antagonist" refers to a compound that inhibits at least part of the endogenous ligand effect of a protein, receptor, enzyme, or the like.
The term growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) refers to any exogenously administered compound or agent that directly or indirectly stimulates or increases the endogenous release of growth hormone, growth hormone releasing hormone, or somatostatin in an animal, specifically , a human. A GHS can be peptide or non-peptide in nature, in some cases with an agent that can be administered orally. In some cases, the agent can produce a pulsatile response.
The term "modulator" refers to a compound that produces an effect on a biological or chemical procedure or mechanism. For example, a modulator can increase, facilitate, up-regulate, activate, inhibit, decrease, block, prevent, delay, desensitize, deactivate, down-regulate, or the like, a biological or chemical procedure or mechanism. Consequently, a modulator can be an agonist or an antagonist. Some exemplary biological methods or mechanisms affected by a modulator include, but are not limited to, receptor binding and hormone release or secretion. Some exemplary chemical methods or mechanisms affected by a modulator include, but are not limited to, catalysis and hydrolysis.
The term "variant" when applied to a receptor is intended to include dimers, trimers, tetramers, pentamers, and other biological complexes that contain multiple components. These components can be the same or different.
The term "peptide" refers to a chemical compound that comprises two or more covalently linked amino acids.
The term peptide mimetic refers to a chemical compound designed to mimic a peptide, but that contains structural differences through the addition or substitution of one or more functional groups of the peptide in order to modulate its activity or other properties, such as solubility, metabolic stability, oral bioavailability, lipophilicity, permeability, etc. This can include substitution of the peptide linkage, side chain modifications, truncations, addition of functional groups, etc. When the chemical structure is not derived from the peptide, but rather mimics its activity, it is often referred to as a non-peptide mimetic peptide.
The term "peptide linkage" refers to the amide functionality [-C (= O) -NH-] with which individual amino acids are typically covalently linked in a peptide.
The term protecting group refers to any chemical compound that can be used to prevent a potentially reactive functional group, such as an amine, hydroxyl, or carboxyl, on one molecule from undergoing a chemical reaction while a chemical change occurs on another. side of the molecule. A number of such protecting groups are known to those skilled in the art, and examples can be found in Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, Theodora W. Greene and Peter G. Wuts, editors, John Wiley & Sons, New York, 3<sup>to</sup> edition, 1999 [ISBN 0471160199]. Examples of amine protecting groups include, but are not limited to, phthalimido, trichloroacetyl, benzyloxycarbonyl, tert-butoxycarbonyl, and adamantyloxycarbonyl. In some embodiments, amine protecting groups are amino carbamate protecting groups which are defined as an amine protecting group which when linked to an amino group forms a carbamate. In other embodiments, the amino carbamate protecting groups are allyloxycarbonyl (Alloc), benzyloxycarbonyl (Cbz), 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc), tert-butoxycarbonyl (Boc) and a, α-dimethyl-3,5-dimethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddzobenzyloxycarbonyl). For a recent discussion of new nitrogen protecting groups see: Theodoridis, G. Tetrahedron, 2000, 56, 2339-235S. Some examples of hydroxyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, acetyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl (TBDMS), trityl (Trt), tert-butyl, and tetrahydropyranyl (THP). Some examples of carboxyl protecting groups include, but are not limited to, methyl ester, tert-butyl ester, benzyl ester, trimethylsilylethyl ester, and 2,2,2-trichloroethyl ester.
The term solid phase chemistry refers to the behavior of chemical reactions in which a component of the reaction is covalently linked to a polymeric material (a solid support as defined below). Reaction procedures for conducting solid phase chemistry are more widely known and have been established outside the traditional fields of peptide and oligonucleotide chemistry.
The terms solid support, solid phase or resin refer to a mechanically and chemically stable polymeric matrix used to carry out solid phase chemistry. This is indicated by Resin, P-, or the following symbol:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0009.tif" />
Examples of suitable polymeric materials include, but are not limited to, polystyrene, polyethylene, polyethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol grafted or covalently bonded to polystyrene (also called PEG polystyrene, TentaGel ™, Rapp, W .; Zhang, L .; Bayer, E. In Innovations and Persepctives in Solid Phase Synthesis. Peptides, Polypeptides
1S
ES 2 646 887 T3 and Oligonucleotides; Epton, R., Ed .; SPCC Ltd .: Birmingham, UK; P. 205), polyacrylate (CLEAR ™), polyacrylamide, polyurethane, PEGA [polyethylene glycol poly (N, N-dimethylacrylamide) copolymer, Meldal, M. Tetrahedron Lett. 1992, 33, 3077-3080], cellulose, etc. These materials may optionally contain additional chemical agents to form crosslinked bonds to mechanically stabilize the structure, for example, polystyrene crosslinked with divinylbenzene (DVB, typically 0.1-5%, preferably 0.5-2%). This solid support may include as non-limiting examples aminemethyl polystyrene, hydroxymethyl polystyrene, benzyllamine polystyrene (BHA), methylbenzyllamine polystyrene (MBHA), and other backbones containing free chemical functional groups, most commonly -NH<sub>2</sub> or -OH, for one more drift or reaction. The term is also intended to include Ultraresin with a high proportion (charge) of these functional groups such as those prepared from polyethylene and crosslinked molecules (Barth, M .; Rademann, JJ Comb. Chem. 2004, 6, 340-349). At the conclusion of the synthesis, the resins are normally discarded, although they have been shown to be capable of being reused as in Frechet, JMJ; Haque, KE Tetrahedron Lett. 1975,16, 3055.
In general, the materials used as resins are insoluble polymers, but certain polymers have differential solubility depending on the solvent and can also be used for solid phase chemistry. For example, polyethylene glycol can be used in this way since it is soluble in many organic solvents in which chemical reactions can be carried out, but is insoluble in others, such as diethyl ether. Accordingly, the reactions can be carried out homogeneously in solution, then the product in the polymer is precipitated by the addition of diethyl ether and processed as a solid. This has been termed liquid phase chemistry.
The term "bond" when used in reference to solid phase chemistry refers to a chemical group that is covalently linked to a solid support and is clamped between the support and the substrate normally in order to allow the release (cllvape) of the substrate. of the solid support. However, it can also be used to impart stability to the bond with the solid support or merely as a spacer element. Many solid mounts are commercially available with links already included.
The abbreviations used for amino acids and the designation of peptides follow the standards of the IUPAC-IUB Biochemical Nomenclature Commission in J. Biol. Chem. 1972, 247, 977-983. This document has been updated: Biochem. J., 1984, 219, 345-373; Eur. J. Biochem., 1984, 138, 9-37; 1985, 152, 1; Internat. J. Pept. Prot. Res., 1984, 24, following p. 84; J. Biol. Chem., 1985, 260, 14-42; Puree Appl. Chem., 1984, 56, 595-624; Amino Acids and Peptides, 1985, 16, 387-410; and in Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2<sup>to</sup> edition, Portland Press, 1992, p. 39-67. Extensions to the standards were published in the JCBN / NC-IUB Newsletter 1985, 1986, 1989; see Biochemical Nomenclature and Related Documents, 2<sup>to</sup> Edition, Portland Press, 1992, p. 68-69.
The term "effective or effective amount" is intended to designate a dose that causes a relief of the symptoms of a disease or disorder as observed by clinical tests and evaluations, patient observation, and / or the like, and / or a dose that causes a detectable change. in biological or chemical activity. Detectable changes can be found and / or quantified by someone skilled in the art by the relevant mechanism or procedure. As is generally understood in the art, the dose will vary depending on the routes of administration, symptoms and weight of the patient, but will also depend on the compound being administered.
Administration of two or more compounds in combination means that the two compounds are administered so close in time that the presence of one alters the biological effects of the other. The two compounds can be administered simultaneously (at the same time) or sequentially. Simultaneous administration can be carried out by mixing the compounds prior to administration, or by administering the compounds at the same time, but at different anatomical sites or using different routes of administration. The phrases "concurrent administration", "administration in combination", "simultaneous administration" or "administered simultaneously" as used herein, mean that the compounds are administered at the same time or immediately following one another. In the latter case, the two compounds are administered at times close enough that the observed results are indistinguishable from those obtained when the compounds are administered at the same time.
The term "pharmaceutically active metabolite" is intended to refer to a pharmacologically active product produced by metabolism in the body of a specific compound.
The term "solvate" is intended to refer to a pharmaceutically acceptable solvate form of a specific compound that retains the biological efficacy of said compound. Some examples of solvates include, but are not limited to, compounds of the present disclosure in combination with water, isopropanol, ethanol, methanol, DMSO, ethyl acetate, acetic acid, or ethanolamine.
1. Compounds
The novel macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure include macrocyclic compounds that comprise a backbone and that include a linking component that undergoes decay to form the macrocyclic compound. The fundamental structure can comprise amino acids (standard and non-natural), hydroxyl acids, hydroxyl acids, azaamine acids, specialized groups such as those that play a role.
ES 2 646 887 T3 paper in the introduction of substitute peptides and isosesters, and a binding component as described herein. The link component can be selected from the following:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0010.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0011.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0012.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0013.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0014.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0015.tif" />
in which (Z<sub>2</sub>) is the site of a covalent bond from T to Z<sub>2</sub>, and Z<sub>2</sub> is as defined below, for formula I, and wherein (X) is the site of a covalent bond from T to X, and X is as defined below, for formula I; l_7 is -CH<sub>2</sub>- or -O-; Ui is -CR101R102- or -C (= O) -; R100 is Lower alkyl; R101 and R102 are each independently hydrogen, Lower alkyl or substituted Lower alkyl; xx is 2 or 3; yy is 1 or 2; zz is 1 or 2; and aaa is 0 or 1.
The macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure further include those of Formula I, Formula II, and / or Formula III:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0016.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantlomer, dlastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R1 is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R1 and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below, or alternatively R1 and R<sub>9</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively, R1 and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below; or alternatively R<sub>2</sub> and Rg together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R3 is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R3 and R4 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below, or alternatively, R<sub>3</sub> and R7 or R<sub>3</sub> and R11 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom
Additional ES 2 646 887 T3 in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined below;
R4 is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R4 and R3 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below, or alternatively R4 and R7 or R4 and Rn together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom additional in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below;
Rs and F6 are each independently hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid or alternatively R5 and R6 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined below;
R7 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, or a substituted heterocyclic group, or alternatively R3 and R7 or R4 and R7 together form a heterocyclic ring of 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as described below;
Re is substituted with one or more hydrogen atoms in the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring structure and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a group heterocyclic, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, halogen, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, or alternatively, Re is a fused cycloalkyl ring, a substituted fused cycloalkyl, a fused heterocyclic, a substituted fused heterocyclic, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl or a substituted fused heteroaryl when substituted with hydrogen atoms on two adjacent atoms;
X is O, NRg or N (Rio)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>;
wherein Rg is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively Rg and R1 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 ring or 7-membered, optionally comprising an additional O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
Z1 is O or NR11, where Rn is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R3 and Rn together or R4 and R11 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, which optionally comprises an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
Z<sub>2</sub> is O or NR12, where R12 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
m, n and p. they are each independently 0, 1 or 2;
T is a bivalent radical of formula IV:
-U- (CH<sub>2</sub>) dWYZ- (CH<sub>2</sub>) and (iv) where d and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; Y and Z are each optionally present; U is -CR21R22- or -C (= O) - and is linked to X of formula I; W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NR23-, -S-, -SO-, -SO<sub>2</sub>-, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) NH-, -NH-C (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2- , -CR24R25-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E -CeC- configuration and the ring structures below:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0017.tif" />
R37 or
in which G1 and G<sub>2</sub> are each independently a covalent bond or a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NReg-, -S-, -SO-, -SO<sub>2</sub>-, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) NH-, -NHC (= O) -, -SO2-NH- , -NH-SO2-, -CR40R41-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration and -CeC-; with G1 being attached closer to the U group, wherein any carbon atoms in rings not otherwise defined can be replaced by N, provided that the ring cannot contain more than four N atoms; Κι, K<sub>2</sub>, K3, K4, and K5 are each independently O, NR42, or S, where R42 is as defined below;
R21 and R22 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R21 and R<sub>22</sub> together they form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, wherein the ring optionally is
ES 2 646 887 T3 substituted with R8 as defined above;
R23, R39 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formyl, acyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, amidino, sulfonyl or sulfonamido;
R<sub>24</sub> and R25 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, RAA, where R<sub>aa</sub> is a side chain of an amino acid, such as a conventional or unusual amino acid, or alternatively R<sub>24</sub> and R25 together form a 3- to 12-membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N; or alternatively one of R24 or R25 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido or guanidino while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R24 and R25 are joined, they also bind to another heteroatom;
R26, R31, R35, and R38 are each optionally present and, when present, are substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms on the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, alkyl substituted, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido;
R<sub>27</sub> is optionally present and is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido;
R<sub>28</sub>, R<sub>29</sub>, R30, R<sub>32</sub>, R33, R<sub>34</sub>, R<sub>36</sub> and R<sub>37</sub> are each optionally present and, when there is no double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when present, they are replaced by a hydrogen present in the ring, or when there is no double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, is substituted by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl , guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido and, only if a double bond is present to the carbon atom to which it is attached, halogen; and R<sub>40</sub>and R<sub>4</sub>i are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, R<sub>AA</sub> as defined above, or alternatively R40 and R41 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above, or alternatively one of R40 and R41 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R<sub>40</sub> and R<sub>4</sub>i are bound, they also bind to another heteroatom;
provided that T is not an amino acid residue, dipeptide fragment, tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids;
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0018.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R50 is - (CH2) ssCH3, -CH (CH3) (CH2) ttCH3, - (CH2) uuCH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, - (CHRs5) w-R56, or -CH (OR57) CH3 , where ss is 1,2 or 3; tt is 1 or 2; uu is 0, 1 or 2; and vv is 0, 1,2, 3 or 4; R55 is hydrogen or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>; R<sub>56</sub> is amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; and R<sub>57</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, or carboxaryl;
R<sub>51</sub> is hydrogen, C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> or C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub> substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy;
ES 2 646 887 T3
R<sub>52</sub> is - (CHR<sub>58</sub>) wwR<sub>5</sub>9, where ww is 0, 1,2, or 3; R<sub>58</sub> is hydrogen, C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub>, amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R<sub>59</sub> is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl;
R<sub>53</sub> is hydrogen or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>;
X2 is O, NR9 or N (R10) 2<sup>+</sup>;
in which R<sub>9</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and Ri<sub>0</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z<sub>5</sub> is O or NRi<sub>2</sub>, in which Ri<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; Y
T<sub>2</sub> is a bivalent radical of formula V:
-OR<sub>to</sub>- (CH2) dW<sub>to</sub>-Y<sub>to</sub>-Z<sub>to</sub>- (CH2)<sub>and</sub>- (V) where d and e are independently 0, 1,2, 3, 4 or 5; Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to</sub> are each optionally present; OR<sub>to</sub> is -CR<sub>60</sub>R<sub>61</sub>- or -C (= O) - and binds to X<sub>2</sub> of formula II, in which R<sub>60</sub> and R61 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R<sub>2</sub>i and R<sub>22</sub> together they form a 3- to 12-membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above; W<sub>to</sub>, Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to</sub> each is independently selected from the group consisting of: -O-, -NR<sub>62</sub>-, -S-, -SO-, SO2-, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, -C (= O) -NH-, -NH-C (= O) - , -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-, -CR63R64-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E -C = C- configuration, and the ring structures shown below:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0019.tif" />
in which Gi and G<sub>2</sub> are defined above, and in which any carbon atom in the ring is optionally replaced by N, provided that the aromatic ring cannot contain more than four N atoms and the cycloalkyl ring cannot contain more than two N atoms. N;
R<sub>62</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formyl, acyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, amidino, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R63 and R64 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or Raa; or alternatively R63 and R64 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N; or alternatively one of R63 and R64 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R63 and R64 they are bound, they also bind to another heteroatom; and Raa indicates the side chain of a conventional or unusual amino acid;
R65 and R68 are each optionally present, and, when present, are substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R<sub>66</sub> and R<sub>67</sub> are each optionally present, present, and, when no double bond is present on the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when present, a hydrogen present in the ring is substituted, or when there is no double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, it is replaced by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring and each is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, heterocyclic, substituted heterocyclic, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide and, only if a double bond is present to the carbon atom to which it is attached, halogen;
R<sub>69</sub> is optionally present, and when present is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl , substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or sulfonamido;
K6 is O or S; and ff is 1,2,3, 4 or 5;
ES 2 646 887 T3 provided that T<sub>2</sub> is not an amino acid residue, dipeptide fragment, tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids; or
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0020.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R<sub>70</sub> is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R<sub>70</sub> and R<sub>7</sub>i together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8a</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub>i is hydrogen, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>aa</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>b</sub>bCH<sub>3</sub>, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>DC</sub>CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) 2, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>dd</sub>-R<sub>76</sub> or -CH (OR<sub>77</sub>) CH<sub>3</sub> or alternatively R<sub>7</sub>i and R<sub>70</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3rd</sub> as defined below; wherein aa is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5; bb is 1,2 or 3; cc is 0, 1,2 or 3; and dd is 0, 1,2,3 or 4; R<sub>76</sub> is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; R<sub>77</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, or carboxaryl;
R<sub>72</sub> is C1-C4 alkyl; or alternatively R<sub>72</sub> and R<sub>73</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3b</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>73</sub> is hydrogen, or alternatively R<sub>73</sub> and R<sub>72</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3b</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>74</sub> is hydrogen or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> or alternatively R<sub>74</sub> and R<sub>7</sub>s together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N, or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub>5 is - (CHR<sub>73</sub>) R<sub>7</sub>go as alternative R<sub>7</sub>s and R<sub>74</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below; in which R<sub>73</sub> is hydrogen, Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>, amine, hydroxy or alkoxy, and R<sub>7</sub>g is selected from the group consisting of the following structures:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0021.tif" />
in which Ei, E<sub>2</sub>, E<sub>3</sub>, E<sub>4</sub> and E<sub>5</sub> are each optionally present and when present, each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl , substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, cyano, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, and represent a substitution at one or more available positions on the monocyclic or white aromatic ring, wherein said substitution is made with the same or different selected group member, and Ji and J<sub>2</sub> they are each independently O or S;
Rsa, Rsb, and Rsc are each independently substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the
ES 2 646 887 T3 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring structure and are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, halogen, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl and sulfonamido, or alternatively R<sub>8a</sub>, Rsb and Rsc are each independently a fused cycloalkyl ring, a substituted fused cycloalkyl, a fused heterocyclic, a substituted fused heterocyclic, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl, or a fused heteroaryl when substituted by hydrogen atoms on two adjacent atoms;
Xa is O, NR9 or N (R10) 2<sup>+</sup>;
in which R<sub>9</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R<sub>10</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z10 is O or NR12, where R12 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; and T<sub>3</sub> is the same as defined for T<sub>2</sub> with the exception that U<sub>to</sub> joins X<sub>3</sub> of formula III.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, the compound may possess one of the following structures:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0022.tif" />
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0023.tif" />
ES 2 646 887 T3
The present disclosure includes isolated compounds. An "isolated compound" refers to a compound that, in some embodiments, comprises at least 10%, 25%, 50%, or 70% of the compounds in the mixture. In some embodiments, the compound, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or the pharmaceutical composition containing the compound exhibits statistically significant binding and / or antagonistic activity when examined in human ghrelin receptor biological assays.
In the case of compounds, salts or solvates that are solid, those skilled in the art will understand that the disclosed compounds, salts and solvates may exist in different crystal or polymorphic forms, with the intention that they are all within the scope of the invention. present disclosure and specified formulas.
The compounds of formula I, II and / or III disclosed herein have asymmetric centers. The disclosed compounds can exist as single stereoisomers, racemates, and / or mixtures of enantiomers and / or diastereomers. They are all intended to be within the scope of this disclosure. In some specific embodiments, however, the inventive compounds are used in optically pure form. The terms S and R configuration as used herein are as defined by IUPAC 1974 Recommendations for Section E, Fundamentals of Stereochemistry (Pure Appl. Chem. 1976, 45, 13-30).
Unless described for the purpose of conforming to a specific orientation, the present disclosure represents all stereoisomeric forms. The compounds can be prepared as a single stereoisomer or a mixture of stereoisomers. Non-racemic forms can be obtained by synthesis or resolution. Compounds can, for example, be resolved into enantiomeric components by standard techniques, eg, formation of diastereomeric couples through salt formation. Compounds can also be resolved by covalently linking them to a chiral group. The diastereomers can then be resolved by chromatographic separation and / or crystallographic separation. In the case of a chiral auxiliary group, it can then be removed. Alternatively, the compounds can be resolved through the use of chiral chromatography. Enzyme resolution procedures could also be employed in certain cases.
As generally understood by those of skill in the art, an optically pure compound is one that contains only a single enantiomer. As used herein, the term "optically active" means a compound that comprises at least a sufficient excess of one enantiomer over the other so that the mixture rotates planar polyirazide light. Optically active compounds have the ability to rotate the plane of polarized light. The excess of one enantiomer over another is normally expressed as enantiomeric excess (ee). When describing an optically active compound, the prefixes D and L or R and S are used to indicate the absolute configuration of the molecule on its chiral center (s). The prefixes d and 1 or (+) and (-) are used to indicate the optical rotation of the compound (that is, the direction in which a plane of polarized light is rotated by the optically active compound). The prefix I or (-) indicates that the compound is levorotatory (that is, it rotates the plane of polarized light to the left or counterclockwise) while the prefix do (+) means that the compound is dextrorotatory (that is, it rotates the plane of polarized light to the right or clockwise). The sign of optical rotation, (-) and (+), is not related to the absolute configuration of the molecule, R and S.
A compound of the present disclosure that possesses the desired pharmacological properties will be optically active and can be composed of at least 90% (80% ee), at least 95% (90% ee), at least 97.5% ( 95% ee) or at least 99% (98% ee) of a single isomer.
Likewise, many geometric double bond isomers and the like may also be present in the compounds described herein, and all stable isomers are included in the present disclosure unless otherwise indicated. Also included in the disclosure are tautomers and rotamers of formula I, II and / or III.
The use of the following symbols to the right refers to the substitution of one or more hydrogen atoms of the indicated ring
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0024.tif" />
with the substituent R defined.
Use of the following symbol indicates a single bond or an optional double bond: -----.
Embodiments of the present disclosure provide intermediates formed through the synthetic procedures described herein to provide the compounds of formula I, II, and / or III. Intermediates may possess utility as a therapeutic agent for the variety of indications described herein and / or a reagent for further synthetic procedures and reactions.
ES 2 646 887 T3
two. Synthetic procedures
Compounds of formula I, II and / or III can be synthesized using traditional solution synthesis techniques or solid phase chemistry procedures. In any of them, the construction involves four phases: first, the synthesis of the fundamental elements that comprise the recognition elements for the biological target receptor, as well as a linking group, mainly for the control and definition of conformation. These fundamental elements are put together, usually sequentially, using standard chemical transformations in a second phase. Assembly precursors are then cycled in the third phase to provide macrocyclic structures. Finally, the fourth stage post-cloning procedure involving removal of protecting groups and optional purification provides the desired final compounds. Synthetic procedures for this general type of macrocyclic structure are described in International Applications WO 01/25257, WO 2004/111077, WO 2005/012331 and WO 2005/012332, including the purification procedures described in WO 2004/111077 and WO 2005 / 012331.
In some embodiments of the present disclosure, macrocyclic compounds of formula I, II and / or III can be synthesized using solid phase chemistry on a soluble or insoluble polymer matrix as previously defined. For solid phase chemistry, a preliminary phase must be carried out that includes the coupling of the first functional block, also called filler, to the resin. The resin used for the present disclosure preferably has a linking group, L. These linkers are attached with appropriate free chemical functionality, usually an alcohol or amine, although others are also possible, on the base resin by standard reaction procedures. known in the art, such as any of the large number of reaction conditions developed for the formation of ester or amide bonds. Some linking groups of the present disclosure are designed in order to allow a simultaneous movement of the resin with the formation of the macrocyclic in a procedure generally called llberaclon-clclaclone (van Maarseveen, JH Solld phase synthesis of heterocycles by cycllzatlon / cleavage methodologies, Comb. Chem. High Throughput Screen. 1998, 1, 185-214; lan W. James, Llnkers for solld phase organic synthesis, Tetrahedron, 1999, 55, 4855-4946; Eggenweller, H.-M. Llnkers for solld-phase synthesis of small molecules: coupling and cleavage techniques, Drug Discovery Today, 1998, 3, 552-560; Backes, BJ; Ellman, JA Solld support llnker strategles, Curr. Opin. Chem. Biol. 1997, 1, 86-93). Of particular utility in this regard for the compounds of the present disclosure is the 3-tloproplonic acid linker (Hojo, H .; Almoto, S. Bull. Chem. Soc. Jpn. 1991, 64, 111-117; Zhang, L. ; Tam, JJ Am. Chem. Soc. 1999, 121, 3311-3320).
Such a process provides higher purity material since only cyclic products are released from the solid support and there is no contamination with the linear precursor as would be the case in the solution phase. After sequential assembly of all functional blocks and linkages in the linear precursor using known or standard reaction chemistry, base-mediated intramolecular attack on the carbon attached to this linker by appropriate nucleophilic functionality that is part of the group of functional blocks, results in the formation of the amide or ester bond that completes the cyclic structure as shown (Scheme 1). An analogous methodology adapted to the solution phase can also be applied which would be preferable for larger scale applications.
Scheme 1. Cyclization-release strategy
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0025.tif" />
HY-Mooring
Base (Y = O, NH)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0026.tif" />
Although this disclosure accurately represents the path for one of the methods of the present disclosure, the thloester strategy, another method of the present disclosure, ring closure metathesis (RCM), proceeds through a modified route in which the mooring component is actually assembled during the delation phase. However, in the RCM methodology the assembly of the functional blocks also proceeds sequentially, followed by delation (and the release of the resin if it is the solid phase). An additional stage of post-cloning processing is necessary to remove by-products of the RCM reaction, but the remaining post-processing is performed in the same manner as for the thloester or analogous base-mediated knockdown strategies.
On the other hand, it will be understood that the phases that include the procedures provided herein can be carried out independently or at least two phases can be combined. Furthermore, the steps that include the procedures provided herein, when performed independently or in combination, can be performed at the same or different temperatures without departing from the teachings of the present disclosure. The novel macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure include those formed by a novel process among which is the delation of a functional block structure to form a macrocyclic compound comprising a binding component described herein. Accordingly, this disclosure
ES 2 646 887 T3 provides processes for preparing the compounds of the present disclosure that comprise (a) an assembly of functional block structures, (b) the chemical transformation of functional block structures, (c) the deletion of the structures of functional blocks Including a tie component, (d) the removal of protecting groups from the functional block structures, and (e) the optional purification of the product obtained from step (d). In some embodiments, the assembly of the functional block structures can be sequential. In other embodiments, the synthesis procedures are carried out using traditional solution synthesis techniques or solid phase chemistry techniques.
A. Amino acids
Amino acids, Boc and Fmoc protected amino acids and side chain derivatives, including the 10 N-methyl and unnatural amino acids, were obtained from commercial suppliers [eg Advanced
ChemTech (Louisville, KY, United States), Bachem (Bubendorf, Switzerland), Chemlmpex (Wood Dale, IL, United States), Novablochem (a subsidiary of Merck KGaA. Darmstadt, Germany), PepTech (Burlington, MA, United States), Synthetech (Albany, OR, United States)] or were synthesized using standard methodologies known to those skilled in the art. The amino acids were either obtained commercially from Orpegen (Heldelberg,
Germany) or Advanced ChemTech (Louisville, KY, United States), or were synthesized by standard procedures using Ddz-OPh or Ddz-N<sub>3</sub>. (Blrr, C .; Lochlnger, W .; Stahnke, G .; Lang, P. The a, ad¡methyl-3,5dlmethoxybenzyloxycarbonyl (Ddz) resldue, an N-protectlng group labile toward weak acids and irradlatlon, Justus Liebigs Ann. Chem. 1972, 763, 162-172). Bts amino acids were synthesized using established procedures (Vedejs, E .; Lln, S .; Klapara, A .; Wang, J. Heteroarene-2-sulfonyl Chlorldes (BtsCI, ThsCI): Reagents for Nltrogen Protectlon and> 99% Racemlzatlon- Free Phenylglyclne Actlvatlon wlth SOCI2, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1996, 118, 9796-9797. Also WO 01/25257, WO 2004/111077). N-Alkyl amino acids, specifically N-methyl amino acids, are commercially available from multiple vendors (Bachem, Novablochem, Advanced ChemTech. Chemlmpex). Furthermore, N-alkyl amino acid derivatives were accessed through literature procedures (Hansen, DW, Jr .; Plllpauskas, DJ Org. Chem. 1985, 50, 945-950).
B. Links
The linkages were obtained from the procedures previously described in Publications WO 01/25257, WO 2004/111077, WO 2005/012331 and US International Application No. 60 / 622,055. Procedures for synthesis of the linkages as described herein are presented in the examples below. Exemplary links (T) include, but are not limited to, the following:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0027.tif" />
and Intermediates in the manufacture thereof, in which (Z) is the site of a covalent bond from T to Z<sub>2</sub>, Z<sub>5</sub> o Zw and 35 Z<sub>2</sub>, Z<sub>5</sub> and Zw are defined above for formula I, II and III, respectively, and where (X) is the site of a covalent bond from T to X, X<sub>2</sub> or X<sub>3</sub> and X, X<sub>2</sub> and X<sub>3</sub> are defined above for formula I; II and III, respectively,
L<sub>7</sub> is -CH<sub>2</sub>- or -O-; Ui is -CR101R102- or -C (= O) -; Rwo is Lower alkyl; Rwi and R102 are each independently hydrogen, Lower alkyl or substituted Lower alkyl; xx is 2 or 3; yy is 1 or 2; zz is 1 or 2; and aaa is 0 or 1.
ES 2 646 887 T3
C. Solid phase techniques
Specific solid phase techniques for the synthesis of the macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure have been described in WO 01/25257, WO 2004/111077, WO 2005/012331 and WO 2005/012332. Solution phase synthesis routes, including procedures susceptible to large scale elaboration, were described in US International Application serial numbers 60 / 622,055 and 60 / 642,271.
In certain cases, however, the ability of the protecting groups precluded the use of the standard basic medium for cyclization in the thioster strategy previously discussed. In these cases, either of the two acidic procedures was employed to provide macrocyclization under acidic conditions. One procedure used HOAc, while the other procedure used HOAt (Scheme 2). For example, acetic acid cyclization was employed for compound 219.
After executing the deprotection of the Ddz or Boc group on the bond, the resin was washed sequentially with DCM (2x), DCM-MeOH (1: 1, 2x), DCM (2x), and DIPEA-DCM (3: 7, 1x). The resin was dried under vacuum for 10 min, and subsequently added immediately to the solution of HOAc in degassed DMF (5% v / v). The reaction mixture was stirred at 50-70 ° C overnight. The resin was filtered, washed with THF, and the combination of the filtrate and the wash was evaporated under reduced pressure (water suction, then oil pump) to allow the macrocycle.
Scheme 2: Alternative cyclization methodologies
2% TFA, 3% TES - +
Ddz-Tie-fBtabAA ^ AA ^ AA * —φ CTCO H<sub>1</sub>N-Mooring- (Bta> AA<sub>1</sub>-AA<sub>r</sub>AA<sub>1</sub>“W —I- 3 V <sub>DCM ta h</sub><sup>1</sup> '
Resin wash
ZxDCM, Zx (DCM-MeOH), ZxDCM (all for 5 min} and 3: 7 DIPEA-DCM (for 3 min); dry quickly used immediately
HOAt (2 equiv.) / DMF (2.5 ml degassed)
Macrocycle
--- 5% AcOH / DMF (2.5 ml, deassified <
50-70 "C, 10 h
Macrocycle
For a representative macrocycle with T1 bond, AA3 = Leu, AA2 = Leu, AA1 = Phe, applying the procedure
HOAt shown in Scheme 2 provided the cyclic peptidomimetic in 10% yield, while the acetic acid procedure was more effective, and gave an overall 24% yield of the same macrocycle. This latter methodology was particularly effective for compounds containing His residues (Mts). For example, with the T8 bond, AA3 = Phe, AA2 = Acp, AA1 = His (Mts), the macrocycle was obtained in an overall yield of 20%, but most of the product no longer possessed the Mts group on histidine (15 : 1 versus still protected).
The synthesis of representative macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure is shown in the following Examples. Table 1A presents a summary of the synthesis of the 228 representative compounds of the present invention. The reaction methodology used for the construction of the macrocyclic molecule is indicated in column 2 and refers to the concrete scheme of the synthetic strategy, for example, the use of the thioester strategy as shown in figure 2 or the RCM approach as shown in figure 3. Column 3 indicates if there is any substitute in Nbbi- Columns 4-6 and 8 indicate the individual functional blocks used for each compound, amino acids, hydroxy acids or bonds using either a standard nomenclature, or referring to the functional block by designations presented somewhere else in this application. Column 7 indicates the procedure used for binding the binding, either a Mitsunobu reaction (previously described in WO 01/25257) or a reductive amination (previously described in WO 2004/111077). Relevant deprotection and assembly protocols appropriate to the nature of the functional block employ standard procedures and those described in WO 2004/111077 for the assembly of the cyclization precursors. The functional blocks are listed in the opposite order in which they are added in order to correlate the functional block number with the standard peptide nomenclature. Therefore, BB3 is added first, followed by BB2, then BB1, finally the tie (T). In the case of RCM, the tie is not fully formed until the cyclization phase, but the portion of the tie subject to BB1 is still added at this stage of the sequence. The last macrocycles are obtained after the application of the appropriate deprotection sequences. If any post-cycling reaction is necessary, it appears in column 9. All macrocycles presented in Table 1A were purified and met internal acceptance criteria. The yields (column 10) are either isolated or calculated based on CLND analysis. It should be noted that compounds 58 and 99 do not cycle to provide the linear analogs of compounds 10 and 133 respectively. The lack of binding potency observed with these linear analogs illustrates the importance of the macrocyclic structural characteristic for the desired activity.
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 1 A: Synthesis of Representative Compounds of the Present Disclosure
<td>Yields <%) *</td><td>or<sup>-</sup></td><td> 13,8</td><td> 10,3</td><td></td><td>ω co</td><td>CO</td><td>oo co</td><td> 20,9</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>05 H OR OR ω</td><td>OR) Ηγ OR OR CQ</td><td>OR) Ηγ OR or ω</td><td>05 H OR OR ω</td><td>05 Ηγ OR OR ω</td><td>Ddz-T9</td><td>05 K Ñ το Ω</td><td>00 Ηγ OR OR Cu</td>
<td>Mooring attachment method</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>m CÜ</td><td>OR £ Q_ OR ΐ or ω</td><td>Φ £ Q- □ Y OR CQ</td><td>Φ .c CL □ OR or ω</td><td>£ 0. Ω ύ or ω</td><td>Φ .c CL OR T OR OR CÜ</td><td>Ddz- (D) Trp (Boc)</td><td>Ddz- (D) Tyr (Butj</td><td>Boc-Phe</td>
<td>ω ω</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>rc □ 3 OR m</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>ro < ώ ® or S ω z OR</td><td>Boc-NEtGly</td><td>Ddz-Sar</td><td>Ddz-Sar</td><td>Boc-Acp</td>
<td>ΒΒι</td><td>Bts-nle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-Val</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-Leu</td>
<td>5 ω X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> -</td><td>C \ l</td><td>Γ0</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td> <0</td><td>F-</td><td>CO</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields</td><td>r- σ></td><td>on on</td><td>on on'</td><td>cn CM</td><td>CO IT</td><td>a C \ l</td><td> 19,5</td><td>on co Pj</td><td>co Pj</td><td>CO <0</td><td>l - cm</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>ro cz zr Cn C Z</td><td>ro IZ 3 Cn SZ Z</td><td>TO IZ 3 on c Z</td><td>CD C 3 on c Z</td><td>TO c 3 on c Z</td><td>TO c 3 on c Z</td><td>TO C 3 on c Z</td><td>TO IZ 3 on c Z</td><td>TO c 3 on c Z</td><td>TO C 3 on sz Z</td><td>TO c 3 on c Z</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>σ> h or or CO</td><td>on ly υ or on</td><td>co 3 or □ 2</td><td>CO AND- 3 or CO</td><td>co AND- 3 or CO</td><td>00 hy or or CO</td><td>OR AND- 3 OR CO</td><td>on hy 3 or co</td><td>on hy OR OR co</td><td>co 't or or CO</td><td>00 hy 3 OR CO</td>
<td>Clamping method □ marre</td><td>3 JZ OR LZ 3 and> OR to ZJ C OR 'or 3 on TO IX</td><td>3 JZ OR IZ 3 w TO ZJ JZ -or or 3 <0 TO IX</td><td>3 JZ OR IZ 3 (0 to X3 JZ or or 3 TO TO X</td><td>ZI JZ OR c 3 Y) Φ ZJ c Ό OR CJ CD Φ X</td><td>ZJ JZ or CZ 3 tf) OR TO ZJ IZ Ό Ό CJ TO TO X</td><td>3 jZ OR c 3 TO TO ZJ JZ 'OR 'or 3 TO TO X</td><td>ZI JZ or CZ 3 tf) 5* TO ZJ IZ or or CJ TO TO X</td><td>3 JZ or IZ 3 TO OR TO ZJ c or Ό <j TO TO X</td><td>Z Ό Ό CD sz E £ <3 Q> " σ -g CZ TO Ό X CJ OR TO TO X</td><td>3 JZ OR c 3 TO TO ZJ SZ Ό Ό 3 TO TO X</td><td>3 uZl OR c 3 TO TO ZJ c Ό 'or 3 TO TO X</td>
<td><9 ω on</td><td>TO JZ CL or or m</td><td>TO g £ CO Q</td><td>TO έ £ m <sub>Q</sub></td><td>to? Z 1 CJ OR CO</td><td>TO JZ CL OR OR CO</td><td>TO JZ CL OR OR on</td><td>TO ¿£ m <sub>Q</sub></td><td>TO £ mq</td><td>TO 8 £ m <sub>Q</sub></td><td>TO JZ CL or OR on</td><td>TO uZ CL 3 OR on</td>
<td>οι co CD</td><td>LL OR < ύ or CO</td><td>TO (Λ or OR ω</td><td>TO CO or OR ω</td><td>TO z 1 CJ OR CO</td><td>TO > z or or ω</td><td>TO < □ or or on</td><td>TO < OR Or 2 in z or</td><td>_two < ύ o 2 in z to</td><td>TO < OR O 2 CD Z n</td><td>CL OR TO >% OR CO</td><td>TO < 3 O Ξ CD Z Q</td>
<td>m ω</td><td><D :> £</td><td>TO > z TO £</td><td>TO > z TO £</td><td>to > Q Y) £</td><td>to > to 'X (Λ £</td><td>TO TO s</td><td>jto and> CD</td><td>TO ¿ TO TO £</td><td>31 Cl OR TO -t—<sup>1</sup>on</td><td>Cl CJ <£ TO ω</td><td>TO 5> TO £</td>
<td>x £ 03 X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>to and> or i- TO TZt CD σ) to ro [Λ LLI</td><td>TO TO 'TO OR i- Φ T3 TO on TO to TO LLI</td><td>TO to • TO or H TO or TO 35 TO TO TO m</td><td>TO 25 -to or i— TO ZJ TO on to TO and> LU</td><td>TO Y) • TO OR i— TO ZJ TO CD TO TO w LU</td><td>TO to 'TO OR i- TO TJ TO 35 TO TO TO I READ</td><td>TO ω • TO OR ί- ο ZJ TO on to TO TO LU</td><td>TO in TO OR i- TO or TO 35 TO TO TO I READ</td><td>TO to 'TO OR i- TO TJ TO 35 TO TO OR) I READ</td><td>TO TO 'TO to i- TO TJ TO 3) TO two tn I READ</td><td>TO to 'TO OR i- TO Ό TO 31 TO TO TO UJ</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>m</td><td>Io</td><td>AND-</td><td>C0</td><td> 35</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 22,0</td><td> 24,7</td><td> 10,3</td><td> 32,6</td><td> 22,4</td><td> 21,0</td><td> 15,5</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>Etoe-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-TS</td><td>σ> H or or □ j</td><td>0 H- or 0 LÜ</td><td>0 H- or 0 ÜJ</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>(Ό CD CD</td><td>, or o ™ CD <l> uCZ CL</td><td>BóC- Phe (3-CI)</td><td>Boc-1Nal</td><td>CN ύ ~ £ 9, YQ</td><td>CQ or ® ~ £ 9, AND OR</td><td>ύ £ ~ ω & =. Y or</td><td>8 1 CD ~ ' Q</td>
<td>ω m</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>or_ α < or 0 ω</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td>
<td>ω □ 0</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td>
<td>CL 1 Ξ m Z</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>OR CN</td><td>CN</td><td>CN CN</td><td><0 CN</td><td>'T CN</td><td>LD CN</td><td><0 CN</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 20,2</td><td> 31,6</td><td> 26,1</td><td> 31,9</td><td> 21,9</td><td><D</td><td>IT</td><td> 14,2</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>OR) Hy CJ OR ω</td><td>on I7 CJ OR ω</td><td>σ> H D 0 CO</td><td>on H or OR CQ</td><td>on Hy to OR CO</td><td>on Hy c OR IT</td><td>on Hy tj OR IT</td><td>on Hy 0 OR IT</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td>
<td>rO CO ω</td><td>Boc- (D) Tyr (O I)</td><td>, Q. £ 0. CO 0</td><td>, G. 8 to CO 0</td><td>Boc- (D) 1Nal</td><td>ύ ZO CM<sup>m</sup> to</td><td>Boc- (D) 2Pal</td><td>1 1 ™ u 4 < 0 N CO <sup>Q</sup></td><td>Boc- (D) 2-Thi</td>
<td>CO ω</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>, < 4> 0 2 co z 0</td><td>UI < ύ 4! o 2 ω z Q</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>, <¿Φ or 2 LO Z OR</td>
<td>BBi</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td>
<td>to go 1 5 CQ T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>h- (\ l</td><td>CO C \ l</td><td>σ » I HEARD</td><td>0 co</td><td></td><td>it is co</td><td>DC ¢ 0</td><td>co</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td colspan="2">ffl or</td><td rowspan="2">σί</td><td rowspan="2"> 13,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 24,6</td><td rowspan="2"> 44,2</td><td rowspan="2"> 21,4</td><td rowspan="2"> 18,6</td><td colspan="2" rowspan="2"> 10,6</td><td rowspan="2">h-</td><td rowspan="2"> 0,4</td>
<td>c Φ AND 73 £ Φ I heard</td><td>* or></td>
<td></td><td> *</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td rowspan="2">* cu</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td>
<td>-or</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>or</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ <sub>c</sub></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>(J</td><td>or</td><td>Cn</td><td>Cn</td><td>cn</td><td>5> or</td><td>cn</td><td> 05</td><td></td><td>cn</td><td>cn</td><td>cn</td>
<td>TO</td><td>or</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td>or <sup>v</sup></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>Φ I heard</td><td>Adi</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Hidi</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>xs</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>CO</td><td>DC</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td></td><td> £35</td><td>cn</td><td>στ</td>
<td></td><td>TO</td><td>CO ly</td><td>co Ηγ</td><td>H +</td><td>H +</td><td>cT</td><td>cT</td><td></td><td>CT</td><td>cT</td><td>cT</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td>or</td><td>c</td><td></td><td> <</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td> <</td><td>OR CD</td><td>Bo</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>jD</td><td>j3</td><td>J2t</td><td>_Q</td><td>JO</td><td>J3</td><td></td><td>JO</td><td>JO</td><td>_Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>'OR</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2">or</td><td></td><td>ffl</td><td> &</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>a</td>
<td rowspan="2">Q></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ ^ '3</td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td></td><td>s</td><td></td><td>s</td><td></td><td></td><td>s</td><td>s</td>
<td></td><td>CU</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>b</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td></td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td>
<td> 73</td><td>cu</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td> £</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>'OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>-OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>-OR</td>
<td> 73</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>c</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>or</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>uj</td><td><J</td><td></td><td><J</td><td><J</td><td>CJ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>* Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 00</td><td>DC</td><td>ÜC</td><td> 00</td><td>EC</td><td> 00</td><td></td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td>EC</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Á Φ</td><td>λ Q></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> •</td><td>Λ</td><td>oj =</td><td>or J =</td><td>Λ «c</td><td>Λ -c</td><td></td><td>Λ -c</td><td>Λ -c</td><td>Λ -</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>£ CL</td><td>or CL</td><td>g CL</td><td>g CL</td><td>S CL</td><td>S CL</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td>£ CL</td><td>or CL</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>mq</td><td>CQ q</td><td>IX Q</td><td>ix Q</td><td>ω what</td><td>co o</td><td></td><td>co o</td><td>mq</td><td>co o</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>J3</td><td>CU</td><td rowspan="3">oc- letter</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td>Λ <</td><td> , <</td><td> , <</td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td> , <</td>
<td></td><td>Cu ω</td><td>ύ or Σ</td><td>ύ Φ oz</td><td rowspan="2">OR He</td><td rowspan="2">OR £ 1</td><td>or or S</td><td>or or S</td><td>OR or</td><td>Φ</td><td>UJ or Σ</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>co z</td><td>CD Z</td><td>CD Z</td><td>OÜ z</td><td>cu</td><td>z</td><td>CD Z</td><td>00 A,</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td>or</td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> '<sup>v</sup>'</td><td></td><td></td><td> '<sup>v</sup>'</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>_Φ</td><td> §</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>z</td><td> —</td><td></td><td> —</td><td>ky</td><td></td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">CD</td><td>(Λ</td><td>cn</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td rowspan="2">Bts-</td><td>a</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>cn</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>AND LL</td><td>AND LL</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>s</td><td>ffi</td>
<td></td><td>Gave</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>S</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>J.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2">φ (C</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">Ξ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>cn</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>-Φ</td><td></td><td>• Φ</td><td>-Φ</td><td>Ό)</td>
<td>AND</td><td rowspan="2">CJ CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>DC</td><td> 00</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td>
<td>TO</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td>
<td>c</td><td> 2</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td></td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td><td> 73</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>cu</td><td>(OR</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td>
<td> 73</td><td>AND</td><td>Cn</td><td>OR)</td><td>OR</td><td><D</td><td>cn</td><td>cn</td><td></td><td>cn</td><td>cn</td><td>cn</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td> 73</td><td>Ό</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>cu</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> [/)</td><td>a</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td><fy</td><td>a</td><td></td><td>a</td><td>a</td><td>you</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>LLJ</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>uu</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>a</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> 3</td><td>in</td><td>CD</td><td>h-</td><td>co</td><td>cn</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>CN</td><td><O</td>
<td></td><td>omp</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>• ^ r</td><td></td><td>'' Φ</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 7,8</td><td><or</td><td> 13,6</td><td> 9,2</td><td> 17,5</td><td>ID r <</td><td>co</td><td> 9'9</td><td>r » oo</td><td> 8,3</td>
<td>Reaction Additional</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>Boc-T1</td><td>Ddz-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>Ddz-T9</td><td>I HEARD * 7 OR or Cu</td><td>or> or Cu</td><td>Ddz-T9</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Reductive Amination</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>co m Cu</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Ddz- Glu (OBut )</td><td>Boc-Val</td><td>Boc-Leu</td><td>Boc-Nva</td><td>Boc- (D) Wing</td><td>Ddz- (D) Glu (O But)</td><td>Boc-Gly</td><td>Boc- (D) Nle</td><td>Ddz- (D) Om (B or c)</td>
<td>ω Cu</td><td>Boc-acp</td><td>Ddz-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Ddz-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Ddz-Sar</td>
<td>m Cu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td>
<td>δ ÉQ I</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method of the macrocycle</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td></td><td>go '' T</td><td><or</td><td>h-</td><td>00 'T</td><td>I HEARD</td><td>OR ID</td><td>YOU</td><td>C4 m</td><td>CO ID</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) '</td><td>Cl</td><td>OR co</td><td> 93</td><td> 8,9</td><td>IT</td><td>OR co</td><td>CO</td><td> 8,4</td><td>or</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>No cycling</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>Ddz-T9</td><td>OR) Ιγ OR OR 00</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>Ιγ or OR CD</td><td>OR Ιγ or OR CD</td><td>OR Ιγ or OR CO</td><td>Ιγ or OR CD</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>Boc-T9</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>Io CD co</td><td>Ddz- (D) Ser (B ut)</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Φ 8 £ 00 Q</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td>
<td>CD CD</td><td>Ddz-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Boc-Sar</td><td>Boc-Ala</td><td>¢ 0 < Q or or CQ</td><td>Boc-Gly</td><td>Boc-Leu</td>
<td>CD CD</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>(Q > z Q 'V * ω oü</td><td><0 > Z Q 'r $ CD</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td>
<td>Heei-R</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>r</td><td>T</td><td>Ac</td><td>I</td><td>T</td><td>r</td><td>I</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy, linear</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> 54</td><td>IT IT</td><td> 56</td><td>ιο</td><td>CO IT</td><td>OR IT</td><td>OR co</td><td>CO</td><td> 62</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields <% r</td><td></td><td>IT CO</td><td>co CQ</td><td> 15,8</td><td></td><td>on</td><td>C \ J</td><td> 10,0</td>
<td>Reaction Additional</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>OR ly OR OR ω</td><td>OR ly OR OR ω</td><td>or ly OR OR ω</td><td>OR ly OR OR co</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>ly N TQ Q</td><td>ly N TQ Q</td><td>05 ly N TQ Q</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td>
<td>CÜ ω</td><td>a> έ é co what</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Φ O £ ω □</td><td>Φ O £ m □</td><td>Φ έ £ 00 O</td><td>Φ έ £ 00 Q</td><td><D O £ CÜ Q</td>
<td>CM CD m</td><td>Boc- (D) Leu</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc-Aib</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Ddz-Lys</td><td>Ddz- (D) Lys (Boc )</td><td>Ddz- Glu (OBut)</td>
<td>ώ</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td>
<td>Heei-R</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>ro co</td><td>T co</td><td>co</td><td> 66</td><td>co</td><td>ou co</td><td>co</td><td>C3 r-</td>
3S
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%)</td><td>σ> σί</td><td>CN in</td><td>co co</td><td>OR <or</td><td>IT cn</td><td>IT</td><td> 12,6</td><td>co OR</td><td>cn</td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td>CO</td><td>co ΙΛ</td><td>on co</td><td>co_</td><td><D I HEARD</td><td>r-</td><td> 0,4</td><td> 4,8</td><td colspan="2"> 18,8</td>
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<td>'Ό</td><td>w></td><td>V »</td><td>ffl</td><td> 00</td><td>ω</td><td>ΙΛ</td><td>on</td><td>ΙΛ</td><td></td><td></td>
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<td>tn</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
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<td>υ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields</td><td> *</td><td> 16,5</td><td>ID C0</td><td>00 í £></td><td colspan="2">cn</td><td>IM on</td><td> 21,8</td><td> 193</td><td>OR TO</td><td>IM on</td><td> 15,3</td><td colspan="2"> 10,4</td><td>vT 0</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td><D</td><td>CD</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td>
<td>'Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>EE</td><td></td><td>IX</td><td>EC</td><td>to go</td><td>EC</td><td></td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td><td>or:</td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td><td></td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td>
<td></td><td>ÍQ CD ω</td><td>Ddz- rp (Boc)</td><td>X ύ or</td><td>t? -sa Q «</td><td>ZJ OR Ñ xi</td><td>3 CD OR</td><td>Φ JZ CL OR OR</td><td>φ JZ Cl_ OR OR</td><td>φ JZ CL OR OR</td><td>φ lZ CL OR OR</td><td>φ 0; F 0 and. CD 0</td><td>φ 8 £ mq</td><td></td><td>φ .3 CL OR OR</td><td>φ .c CL OR OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>H</td><td>co</td><td>_l</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>m</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>m</td><td>ffl</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(D</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>_Q</td><td>former</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td><td></td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>cj</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td>CJ CD</td><td></td><td> <.</td><td><f</td><td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td>Q</td><td> <</td><td> 5</td><td><f</td><td></td><td></td><td> <:</td><td> <.</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">ω</td><td>N</td><td>or</td><td>N</td><td>N</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>Ύ '</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
<td></td><td>XJ</td><td>or</td><td>XJ</td><td>XJ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Cu</td><td>Q</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>OR ω</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>Cu</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>ra</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> _)</td><td>Φ</td><td>_l</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>_J</td><td>_J</td><td>_J</td><td>_J</td><td></td><td>_J</td><td>_J</td><td>_J</td><td>OR</td><td>_J</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>_J</td><td>TO</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>írt</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ΐΛ</td><td>you</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td></td><td></td><td>írt</td><td>ω</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>Cu</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>íft</td><td>Cu</td><td>ίΛ</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>LL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ÜJ</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>and" <</td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><D</td><td></td><td>(D</td><td>Cl)</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>Φ</td><td>cu</td><td>(D</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td><f)</td><td>ω</td><td>or></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>it</td><td> (0</td><td>IT</td><td>cft</td><td>IT</td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td>hD</td><td>'CD</td><td>Φ</td><td>«Φ</td><td></td><td>^ <u</td><td>'(D</td><td>'(D</td><td>OR)</td><td>^ <u</td><td>HD</td><td>'Φ</td><td></td><td>Kl)</td>
<td>AND</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td>(D φ ÍZ</td><td>or OR</td><td>1- Φ</td><td>Ι- Φ</td><td>H Φ</td><td>H Φ</td><td></td><td>Ι- Φ</td><td>H Φ</td><td>H Φ</td><td>H Φ</td><td>Ι- Φ</td><td>Ι- Φ</td><td>Ι- Φ</td><td>ra</td><td>H Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>T3</td><td>XJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>XJ</td><td>XJ</td><td>XJ</td><td>X5</td><td>T3</td><td>T3</td><td>X5</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>ra</td><td>(D</td><td>CD</td><td>(D</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>(D</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>ÍZ</td><td>ra</td>
<td>Ό</td><td>AND</td><td>OR)</td><td>on</td><td>on</td><td>on</td><td></td><td>on</td><td>cn</td><td>on</td><td>on</td><td>on</td><td>on</td><td colspan="2"></td><td>σ></td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>XJ OR</td><td>X</td><td> 2</td><td>ra</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td>ra</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td> 2</td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td>tft</td><td>σι</td><td>YOU</td><td>i / j</td><td></td><td>m</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>You</td><td> 10</td><td>ΙΛ</td><td>tea</td><td></td><td> 03</td>
<td>Σ-</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>(Λ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Φ 3</td><td> 03</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td></td><td>C0</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>i-</td><td> 00</td><td></td><td>on</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td>Cl AND or</td><td> 00</td><td> 03</td><td>cn</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>CD</td><td> 03</td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td colspan="2">(fi or c</td><td rowspan="2"> 19,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 15,8</td><td rowspan="2"> 12,9</td><td rowspan="2">co ¿5></td><td rowspan="2"> 11,9</td><td rowspan="2"> 6,3</td><td rowspan="2">CM</td><td rowspan="2"> 18,3</td><td rowspan="2"> 0’</td><td rowspan="2"> 2,9</td><td rowspan="2">ο. DC</td><td rowspan="2">Γ \ Ι_ CO</td><td rowspan="2"> 16,9</td><td rowspan="2"> 2,9</td><td rowspan="2">SW</td><td rowspan="2">οζ</td>
<td>or> AND OR Z Φ Gave</td><td>« TO</td>
<td></td><td> *</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>z</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>cu</td><td>CU</td><td>CU</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td></td><td>you</td><td>Ζ</td><td>ιζ</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>Z</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td>or</td><td>z</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>ο></td><td>Ο)</td><td> 03</td><td>or></td><td>or></td><td>or></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>OR)</td><td>OR)</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>ο></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td>
<td>TO</td><td>or</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>c</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td>Gave</td><td>Adi</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>σ></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>co</td><td>IT</td><td>CM</td><td></td><td> 0</td><td>Ο)</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td> £0</td><td>CO</td><td> 00</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Η</td><td>Ηγ</td><td>Ι7</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>H</td><td>H¡-</td><td>H</td><td> 1—</td><td>H</td><td>Ηγ</td><td>Ηγ</td><td>Ηγ</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td> 1-</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td rowspan="2">φ</td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Ν</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td>
<td></td><td><L</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td> □</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td></td><td>Ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td>
<td></td><td>XI</td><td>χι</td><td>x¡</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>Xi</td><td>X]</td><td>X3</td><td>Xl</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>X)</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td>Ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>C</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td>
<td rowspan="2">or</td><td></td><td>ν></td><td>tp</td><td>* Z3</td><td>and></td><td>and></td><td> 10</td><td> (0</td><td>on</td><td>(OR</td><td>ω</td><td>W</td><td> (0</td><td> <0</td><td>ίο</td><td> 10</td><td>U3</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> (¡¿</td><td>Φ</td><td>Ξ</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>Ξ</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td> 2?</td><td></td><td>Ξ</td>
<td>ffl</td><td>you</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>b</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ο</td><td> 0</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>Ό</td><td>TJ</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>ο</td>
<td>OR</td><td>you</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>Z</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>ζ</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td> <3</td><td> <3</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> •0</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>'Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td>CU</td><td>cu</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>• Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>ZE</td><td></td><td>cr</td><td>Gave</td><td>Gave</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>Gave</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>et</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td rowspan="3">σ ') ω ω</td><td>□ ζ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>.z</td><td>.z</td><td>_z</td><td>.c</td><td>JZ</td><td>_c</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>_ζ</td><td>_ζ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>0 Φ</td><td>0. Φ</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>cP</td><td>Ν LJ</td>
<td></td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>cu</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>Φ</td><td> 0</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td rowspan="2"><sup>Q</sup> Ό</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>CD</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>co</td><td>CQ</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Ω.</td><td>CL</td><td>cl</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>φ</td><td>α.</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td>m</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <.</td><td> <.</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> 5</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> 5</td><td> <:</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">ω</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Ν</td>
<td></td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ό</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ffl</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>CO</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>CÜ</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">JZ</td><td>φ</td><td>tc</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>ζ</td><td> >,</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td rowspan="2"> 0</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td>ώ</td><td>ζ</td><td>CL</td><td></td><td>co</td><td> _)</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_ι</td><td></td><td>_ι</td><td> _)</td><td> _)</td><td>_ι</td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td>tS)</td><td>ώ</td><td><Z)</td><td>Crt</td><td>Crt</td><td> 10</td><td> <0</td><td>on</td><td> <0</td><td>to</td><td>V3</td><td>ίΛ</td><td>U3</td><td><ο</td><td>to</td><td>W</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>S</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>CD</td>
<td></td><td>° Γ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> 5</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2">TO</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td> [/></td><td><Α</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>w></td><td> <0</td><td>trt</td><td> <0</td><td>to</td><td>Φ</td><td>U3</td><td>V3</td><td><ο</td><td> <0</td><td>U3</td>
<td></td><td>ο</td><td>-φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>-φ</td><td>-φ</td><td>-Φ</td><td>φ</td><td><D</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>AND</td><td>φ</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Φ</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td>
<td>TO</td><td>Φ</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td>
<td> £</td><td> £</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Ό</td><td>τζ</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>TZ</td><td>TZ</td><td>TZ</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>τζ</td><td>τζ</td><td>τζ</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>ο</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>you</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>CU</td><td>CU</td><td>you</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>OR</td><td>Ε</td><td>σ></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>or></td><td>or></td><td>or></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>OR)</td><td>Ο)</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>Ο)</td><td>Ο)</td><td> 03</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>cu</td><td>cu</td><td>you</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td> 55</td><td>ίΛ</td><td>you</td><td>U></td><td>U></td><td>or"</td><td> 10</td><td> <0</td><td> 55</td><td> 55</td><td><Λ</td><td> <0</td><td> <0</td><td> 55</td><td> 55</td><td>yes</td>
<td> 2</td><td></td><td>ι_υ</td><td>Ld</td><td>Ld</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>dd</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td>
<td></td><td>Ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>C \ l</td><td>co</td><td>T</td><td>IT</td><td>co</td><td> >-</td><td> ¢0</td><td> 0</td><td>Ο</td><td> ,—</td><td>CM</td><td>(Ο</td><td>θ '</td><td>ιθ</td><td><D</td>
<td></td><td>Q.</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td><td>τ—</td>
<td></td><td>Ε</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>τ—</td><td>τ<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>τ—</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td colspan="2"> 19,7</td><td> 21,0</td><td> 12,2</td><td>IT r <</td><td>co go</td><td> 22,1</td><td> 13,6</td><td> 9,8</td><td> 15,8</td>
<td>c í_</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>Ό aj</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td>oc</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>oo</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td>OR)</td><td>Q></td><td>OR</td><td>OR)</td><td>OR)</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR)</td>
<td>TO or</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td>
<td>Φ __ *?</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td> <71</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td> »7</td><td> >7</td><td> 17</td><td> 17</td><td>I7</td><td>I7</td><td> 17</td><td> 17</td>
<td>TO</td><td></td><td>or</td><td> ¿></td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> ¿></td><td> ¿></td><td> 6</td><td> 0</td><td> ¿></td>
<td>AND</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
<td> <</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td>
<td rowspan="2">'φ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>jD</td><td>jD</td><td>XI</td><td> 0</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td>TO</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td>
<td>-or</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>or φ Φ Έ<sup>1</sup> ±</td><td></td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>42 Ξ</td><td>Amii Torah</td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>43 Ξ</td><td>43 Ξ</td>
<td>ü) TO</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>0) E</td><td></td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td><td>° -o</td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td><td> 77</td>
<td>Ό TO</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C Φ</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>c</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>0 I heard</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>Ό</td><td> 0</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> (7</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>(J</td><td> 0</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>Ό)</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>s</td><td></td><td>IX</td><td>X</td><td>IX</td><td>IX</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>CO co</td><td></td><td>7C- Phe</td><td>Φ n £</td><td>Φ n £</td><td>? c- Phe</td><td>? c- Phe</td><td>Φ JC CL</td><td>Φ _c CL</td><td>Φ _c CL</td><td>Φ jx CL</td>
<td>Cu</td><td></td><td>mo</td><td>mo</td><td>m 0</td><td>co 0</td><td>CO Q</td><td>OR OR</td><td>OR OR</td><td>OR OR</td><td>OR OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>Cu</td><td>CO</td>
<td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">IMCAI to</td><td>TO , <</td><td>TO , <</td><td>TO , <</td><td>X</td><td>£ X OR</td><td>£ X OR</td><td>Q. OR</td><td>£ X OR</td>
<td><N co</td><td>OR or</td><td>OR O Ξ</td><td>OR O Ξ</td><td>Ó Or s</td><td rowspan="2">Boc (D) l eAla</td><td>< Λ</td><td>< , L</td><td> 5</td><td>< Λ</td>
<td>co</td><td>Cu</td><td>x Q</td><td>B ' (D) NI</td><td>B ' (D) NI</td><td>co X Q</td><td>OR CO</td><td>OR CO</td><td>OR co</td><td>OR CO</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td>θ '</td><td> 0</td><td>CM</td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Xl</td><td>Φ</td><td>,and</td><td></td><td> 0</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>m</td><td></td><td> <</td><td>_l</td><td> 1—</td><td rowspan="2">(Or r \ to 2</td><td> <</td><td>-C "* ·</td><td>-C</td><td>_C</td><td> —-</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 00</td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>(Λ</td><td>co</td><td>CL O</td><td>CL ü</td><td>CL ü</td><td>CL 0-</td>
<td></td><td>M— ' CO</td><td>CO</td><td>ω</td><td>JC</td><td>CO</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>C0</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 1—</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>m</td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>δ</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>m</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>to '</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>ω</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>V)</td><td>ω</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>ω</td><td>co</td>
<td>-A or</td><td></td><td>'Φ</td><td>OR</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>'Φ</td><td>OR</td>
<td>i or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>TO 0) or</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td>
<td>c P</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>0) or</td><td></td><td>σ</td><td>T7</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>T7</td><td>T7</td><td>T7</td><td>Ό</td><td>T7</td>
<td>Qi TO</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td>Ό E</td><td></td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>σ »</td><td>σ »</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>σ »</td><td>σ></td>
<td> -8 ®</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>77 _tv</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>'Φ</td><td></td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>t?</td><td>to</td><td>ω</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td>h-</td><td> 00</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>CO</td><td></td><td> 10</td>
<td>CL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td>
<td>AND</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields <%) *</td><td>00 σ></td><td> 14,5</td><td> 17,8</td><td>Ο</td><td> 18,8</td><td> 15,0</td><td> 17,0</td><td>(Ω σί</td><td> 12,0</td><td>ο</td><td> 13,3</td><td> 19,0</td><td> 13,8</td>
<td>cz í_</td><td>OR)</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Ό φ</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td>O £ =</td><td>ς></td><td>ΣΙ</td><td>Σί</td><td>ΣΙ</td><td>ΣΙ</td><td> 3</td><td>ΣΙ</td><td> 3</td><td>Σ5</td><td>ΣΙ</td><td>ΣΙ</td><td>Σί</td><td> 3</td>
<td>OO</td><td> 3)</td><td>σ)</td><td>σ></td><td>σ)</td><td>σι</td><td>σ></td><td>σι</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>σι</td><td>cr »</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td>
<td>Φ O</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>CZ</td><td>C</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td></td><td>Z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>co</td><td>ΟΟ</td><td>οο</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td>ΟΟ</td><td> 00</td><td>οο</td><td>ΟΟ</td><td>ΟΟ</td><td>CO</td><td>οο</td><td>οο</td>
<td>L</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I—</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td>
<td>neither</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td>
<td>AND</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td>
<td> <</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ÜJ</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>_Ω</td><td>_Ct</td><td>_Q</td><td>_Ω</td><td></td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>jQ</td><td>_Q</td><td>_Ω</td><td>jQ</td><td>cQ</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td>
<td>c</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td>-OR</td><td>z></td><td>Σί</td><td> 3</td><td>Σί</td><td>Σί</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td>Σί</td><td>Σί</td><td>ΣΪ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2">OR</td><td><J></td><td>ω</td><td> </></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ν></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>ω</td><td>(X)</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £ ¡-</td><td> £ >-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>• Yes, Φ Ξ 'fc</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td> < 2</td><td> < £</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td>Σ</td><td></td>
<td>UJ Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>® θ</td><td>φ Ί</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td>ω E</td><td>Ό</td><td>ό</td><td>σ</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>θ -C</td><td>° -σ</td><td>σ</td><td>σ</td><td>T3</td><td>XJ</td><td>Ο</td>
<td>Ό <Q</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C Φ</td><td>C Φ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>£ Σ</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ό WHAT</td><td>Ό CC</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td>
<td>XI</td><td>Q</td><td>Ο</td><td>Q</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Q</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Q</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td>
<td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Q</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td>'Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td>Ξ></td><td>I heard</td><td>EC</td><td>ÜÍ</td><td>EC</td><td>α:</td><td>ÜÍ</td><td>ο:</td><td>IX</td><td>ΟΞ</td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td><td>ÜÍ</td><td>□ Ξ</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td>
<td rowspan="2">Cj OQ</td><td>ΣΣ</td><td>_ £ Σ</td><td>ΣΣ</td><td>_ £ Σ</td><td>_ £ Σ</td><td>ΣΣ</td><td>_ £ Σ</td><td>ΣΣ</td><td>DC</td><td>_c</td><td>_c</td><td></td><td>DC</td>
<td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td> 0.</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td> 0.</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td>
<td rowspan="2">CO</td><td>or</td><td>ύ</td><td>ό</td><td>ύ</td><td>ύ</td><td>ό</td><td>ύ</td><td>ό</td><td>ύ</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>ό</td><td>or</td>
<td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td>CO</td><td>Cu</td><td>C0</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>C0</td><td>C0</td><td>ω</td><td>CQ</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td>
<td></td><td>cl</td><td>CL</td><td>cl</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>ο_</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td> <_></td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ο</td><td>OR</td>
<td>CD</td><td> «.</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td>Φ</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td>
<td rowspan="2">Cu</td><td>OR</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>(J</td><td>Ο</td><td>(J</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td>
<td>or</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>co</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>ο_</td><td>CL</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td> 3</td><td>φ</td><td rowspan="3">Bts-lle</td>
<td>ω</td><td>ΞΕ 1</td><td>Ο</td><td>ω</td><td>ο</td><td>ζ</td><td>2Ν</td><td>CL <0</td><td>0. φ</td><td rowspan="2">Bts-4- ThzAli</td><td>H- 04</td><td>-Ab</td><td>> ζ</td>
<td>Cu</td><td>(Λ ω</td><td>00 > ·> Η</td><td>(Λ ω</td><td>Bts</td><td>ιη ω</td><td>Bts-</td><td>ω ω</td><td>ω ω</td><td>Bts-</td><td>ω ω</td><td><η m</td>
<td>q:</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>δ co T</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td><td>ΞΕ</td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>'φ'</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td>ίΛ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ω</td><td>φ</td><td>ΙΌ</td><td><Λ</td><td>ιη</td><td>ίΌ</td><td>ω</td><td> (/)</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td>
<td>c O</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>• Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>'Φ</td>
<td rowspan="2">ra H (Λ θ</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td>
<td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>Η</td><td> 1-</td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td> 1-</td>
<td>co</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>ω or</td><td>Ό</td><td>XI</td><td>Ό</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>Ό</td><td>XI</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XJ</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>φ (0</td><td>φ</td><td> (0</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>(Π</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>σ E</td><td>σ »</td><td> 3)</td><td>σ></td><td>σι</td><td>σι</td><td>σ></td><td>σι</td><td>σ></td><td>α></td><td>σι</td><td>σι</td><td>α></td><td>OR</td>
<td>° ω</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>or -S</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> <1)</td><td>φ</td><td>W)</td><td>ω</td><td>ν></td><td>ω</td><td>φ</td><td>W)</td><td>φ</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td> </></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Σ</td><td>LJJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LJJ</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>tz »</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> <0</td><td>r-</td><td>co</td><td>σ></td><td>ο</td><td> ,—</td><td> 04</td><td>CO</td><td>'Φ</td><td>IT</td><td> <0</td><td>h-</td><td>co</td>
<td>Cl</td><td>(Μ</td><td> 04</td><td> 04</td><td> 04</td><td> <0</td><td>CO</td><td> <0</td><td>C0</td><td>C0</td><td></td><td></td><td>C0</td><td>co</td>
<td>AND</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><J</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td><O</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>C</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ_</td><td></td><td>'t</td><td></td><td></td><td>r-</td><td></td><td></td><td>r-</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>íTi</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>(íJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">IO</td><td></td><td>Tf</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="4">n tz <D LT</td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4">CM</td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td><td rowspan="4"></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
<td> *</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>£ Z *</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>neither</td><td></td><td>(Q</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>(Q</td><td></td><td></td><td>(Q</td>
<td>OR (0</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>C</td>
<td>Q 1 =</td><td></td><td>zj</td><td></td><td></td><td>zj</td><td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td>
<td>OO</td><td></td><td>σ</td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">σ></td><td></td><td colspan="2">cr »</td><td colspan="2">σι</td><td></td><td>or></td><td></td><td>d></td><td></td><td colspan="2">cr »</td><td>σι</td><td></td><td></td><td>σι</td>
<td>Cq you</td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td>
<td>Φ L_ □ e</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>oo</td><td></td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR)</td>
<td>tz</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td>
<td>nj</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>ύ</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>ύ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ύ</td>
<td>AND</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td> <</td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>ÚJ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td>
<td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>υ</td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>π</td><td></td><td></td><td><Q</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tz</td><td></td><td>(Z</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td>AND</td><td> 2</td><td>AND</td><td> 2</td><td>AND</td><td> 2</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td>E 2</td><td></td><td>AND</td><td> 2</td>
<td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td>υ</td><td> <</td><td></td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td></td><td><J</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td></td><td>or</td><td><S</td><td></td><td> <</td><td>or</td>
<td>V> (0</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>or ZJ</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>Φ</td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>OR</td>
<td>φ E</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>T3</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>O -Π</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td>
<td>Ό 03</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>Ul</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>useful</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>you</td><td>c</td><td>ui</td><td>c</td><td>Φ</td><td>c</td><td>φ</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>Ψ</td><td>C Φ</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>φ</td>
<td>OR</td><td>or</td><td colspan="2">CL</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>cr</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>Ό</td><td>X</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>ox</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>X</td>
<td>TJ</td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Cl</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>π</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td>
<td>'Φ</td><td> 01</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ul</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ul</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Ul</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>I heard</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>IX</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ _1Z</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ _1Z</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω _ÍZ</td><td></td><td>Φ _IZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ _1Z</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td></td><td></td><td>CL</td><td></td><td></td><td>CL</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td></td><td></td><td>CL</td><td>or or</td><td>JZ X</td><td>or or</td><td></td><td>n</td><td>θ X</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>X</td>
<td>co</td><td></td><td>or or</td><td></td><td></td><td>tj or</td><td></td><td></td><td><J OR</td><td></td><td>OR OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or or</td><td>co</td><td>OR</td><td>co</td><td></td><td>n</td><td>ω what</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Zj</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ΖΪ</td><td></td><td>cñ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">he</td><td></td><td></td><td> 0)</td>
<td rowspan="2">fj</td><td></td><td>Φ 1</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ 1</td><td></td><td></td><td>CL OR</td><td>co</td><td>cr or</td><td></td><td>Φ _ |</td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td></td><td>OT</td><td></td><td></td><td>_l Φ</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td> <</td><td>'Y''</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td> ®</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>co</td><td></td><td>_y_</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>ω</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>O <D</td><td>c</td><td></td><td> 3</td>
<td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 00</td><td></td><td></td><td>OÚ</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> —</td><td>co</td><td></td><td> 00</td><td>Τ '</td><td> 00</td><td></td><td> ></td><td>ω</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>or co</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>hc (</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>or JZ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td><Q</td><td></td><td></td><td><Q</td><td></td><td></td><td>cñ</td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>(Ό</td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td> —</td><td></td><td> —</td><td></td><td> —</td><td></td><td></td><td> —</td>
<td rowspan="2">CO</td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td></td><td>IT</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td>Io</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td> (0</td>
<td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td>ώ</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td>s</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td> 00</td><td></td><td> 00</td><td></td><td></td><td> 00</td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>ώ</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>tD</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> (0</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td></td><td>a</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td>a</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td></td><td></td><td>IT</td>
<td>c O</td><td></td><td> •<1></td><td></td><td></td><td>• Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>'Ui</td><td></td><td>'Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>'Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>'Ui</td><td></td><td>'Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>'Φ</td>
<td>£ o</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td>CQ ~ tO o</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td>
<td>C p</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>TJ</td>
<td>φ (0</td><td></td><td><σ</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>ÍQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td>
<td>Ό E</td><td></td><td>n></td><td></td><td></td><td colspan="2">σ></td><td></td><td colspan="2">on</td><td colspan="2">σι</td><td></td><td>σ></td><td></td><td><j></td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 03</td><td>σι</td><td></td><td></td><td>σι</td>
<td>or ω</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tD</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td>or -S</td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td></td><td>(C</td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td></td><td> 5</td><td></td><td>cq</td><td></td><td>(Q</td><td></td><td>fQ</td><td></td><td></td><td>fQ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>KD</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>í0</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>tO</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>í0</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td> (0</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CT></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>T-</td><td></td><td>OJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td>'T</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td>r-</td>
<td>Cl</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td>θ '</td><td></td><td></td><td>xr</td><td></td><td>xT</td><td></td><td></td><td>'OR'</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>xT</td><td></td><td>xT</td><td></td><td></td><td>xT</td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>(fí or ÍZ Φ + E £ C Φ DC</td><td> 25,4</td><td></td><td>OR r <</td><td>CM CO</td><td> 22,1</td><td>LD rcT</td><td> 14,4</td><td> 13,5</td><td> 132</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>05 Ηγ or or on</td><td>05 Ηγ or or on</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>OR 1- 1 M Ό OR</td><td>Ddz-T9</td><td>DC Ηγ or or on</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>co | -γ ύ or tn</td><td>co | -γ or or Cu</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>n m ω</td><td>a> έ £ m <sub>Q</sub></td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>ι θ or in φ j = D_</td><td>Boc- Phe (4-F)</td><td>Boc-Hfe</td><td>Boc- Tyr (OMe)</td>
<td><• 1 CO ω</td><td>Boc- NMeLeu</td><td>> Z I heard • or ® or CO</td><td>Boc- NMelle</td><td>5 ι <sup>ω</sup>N TO Q ω n</td><td>N ® ~ -σ -t: O ® <sup>3</sup>Z</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td>
<td>co ω</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td>
<td>I heard Yes what I</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> 148</td><td>OR</td><td> 150</td><td>m</td><td> 152</td><td> 153</td><td>Mr in T<sup>-</sup></td><td> 155</td><td><or in</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 20,2</td><td>co</td><td> 20,5</td><td>co I heard</td><td> 16,5</td><td> 16,7</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 12,5</td><td> 13,0</td><td></td><td> 15,3</td><td> 4,2</td>
<td> 4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> £ *</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td>
<td>or (0</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>or £</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>oo</td><td>EX)</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>EX)</td><td>EX)</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>EX)</td><td>EX)</td><td>OR)</td><td>σ></td>
<td>rt or</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td> £</td>
<td>Φ __ X ξ</td><td>ζ</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>co</td><td> 00</td><td>oo</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td> 00</td><td> 00</td>
<td></td><td>ty</td><td> 1-</td><td>ly</td><td>I7</td><td>I7</td><td> •7</td><td> 1-</td><td> •7</td><td>I7</td><td>I7</td><td> •7</td><td> 1-</td>
<td> <0</td><td>υ</td><td>or</td><td>Λ</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td>
<td>AND</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
<td> <</td><td>ω</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>CO</td><td>CD</td><td>co</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CO</td><td>CD</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>Xi</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 0</td><td>XI</td><td>_Q</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td>
<td></td><td>Ο</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td rowspan="2">ujecíó Tea</td><td>itsu</td><td>itsu</td><td>itsu</td><td>C E £</td><td>C Έ £</td><td>c E £</td><td>itsu</td><td>itsu</td><td>itsu</td><td> 3 43</td><td>itsu</td><td>itsu</td>
<td></td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> < £</td><td> < £</td><td> < £</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td>s</td><td>i></td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>v> ω</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ X</td><td>φ X</td><td>φ X</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>φ E</td><td>Ό</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> ° -0</td><td><sup>713</sup> -Ό</td><td>° -D</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 73</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td><td> 70</td>
<td> 70 (0</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>£ Φ</td><td>£ Φ</td><td>£ Φ</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>or</td><td>-Ο</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό C £</td><td>OR</td><td>O ££</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>-OR</td><td>-OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td> 3</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>or</td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>(J</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>S</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td>
<td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td> 2</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>ο_</td><td rowspan="2">CL b</td><td>rt</td><td>~ rt</td><td>~ rt</td><td>rt</td><td rowspan="2">J. ro</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td rowspan="2"><sup>—</sup>r</td><td></td><td>CL</td>
<td>σ> ω</td><td>ώ</td><td>z <7</td><td>CL CM</td><td>X <?</td><td>X T</td><td>c-2- hi</td><td>XI <f</td><td>7p aj</td><td>OR 5</td>
<td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td>Λ</td><td>ω</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OP</td><td>0 i—</td><td>ω</td><td> 0</td><td> 0 —</td><td> 0</td>
<td></td><td>ού</td><td>co</td><td>OR co</td><td>Bo</td><td>Bo</td><td>Bo</td><td>my =</td><td>CO</td><td>OR CQ</td><td>co</td><td>Bo</td><td>0 CQ</td>
<td></td><td>cl</td><td>CL</td><td>cl</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td>ο</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td>ω</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>ω</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>π CQ</td><td> 5</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td><F</td><td><f</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> <</td><td> <</td>
<td rowspan="2">ω</td><td>υ</td><td>or</td><td>Λ</td><td>or</td><td>tj</td><td>ώ</td><td>or</td><td> ¿</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td>ο</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>CO</td><td>m</td><td>co</td><td>CQ</td><td>co</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td>
<td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>ω</td><td>_Ι</td><td> _)</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td> _)</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td>_l</td><td> _)</td><td> _)</td>
<td>ω</td><td><λ</td><td><or</td><td>(Λ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ώ</td><td>to</td><td><or</td><td>(or</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ώ</td><td>J)</td><td><or</td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td>co</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>m</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td> 01</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td><Λ</td><td></td><td><Λ</td><td>Ifl</td><td><z></td><td>ω</td><td><fl</td><td>ω</td><td>Ifl</td><td><z></td><td>and></td><td><fl</td>
<td>£ ο</td><td>'Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>MV</td><td>Φ</td><td>* φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>ad</td><td>Φ</td>
<td rowspan="2">φ Η <Ο ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td> 0</td>
<td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td>
<td>£ ο</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>φ ο</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td><td>TJ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>φ rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td>
<td>ό Ε</td><td> 3)</td><td>or></td><td> 3></td><td>EX)</td><td>EX)</td><td> 3></td><td> 3></td><td> 3></td><td>EX)</td><td>EX)</td><td> 3></td><td> 3></td>
<td rowspan="2">§ -X</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Ηφ</td><td>1λ</td><td>ω</td><td>'H.H</td><td>you</td><td>or)</td><td>'Ϊλ</td><td>ω</td><td>'σ)</td><td>you</td><td>or)</td><td>'or?)</td><td>ω</td>
<td>Ξ</td><td>LJJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>IT</td><td>LU</td><td>IT</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td>
<td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>σ)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>r-</td><td> 00</td><td>σ></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>CN</td><td>co</td><td></td><td>IT</td><td><O</td><td>h-</td><td> 00</td>
<td>Cu</td><td>a</td><td></td><td>m</td><td> <0</td><td>(OR</td><td>CO</td><td>(OR</td><td>co</td><td> <0</td><td>(OR</td><td>(OR</td><td>(OR</td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>to</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>0) AND</td><td> +</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>LD T</td><td></td><td></td><td>'t CO</td><td>or CM</td><td></td><td>CO tea</td><td></td><td>03 σϊ</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td rowspan="2"> 03</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">Γ3 <J3</td>
<td>TJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>τ<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 5<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>C</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>OJ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> «</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td> *</td><td></td><td>(C</td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>CU</td>
<td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>Z</td><td></td><td>Z</td><td></td><td>Z</td>
<td></td><td>cz</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Z¡</td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td colspan="2">CJ3</td><td></td><td>on</td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>on</td>
<td>cu</td><td>CJ</td><td></td><td>IZ</td><td>C</td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>IZ</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td>
<td>X</td><td>Adi</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>L</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td>H</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td> 1—</td>
<td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">or</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td>
<td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td>m</td><td>m</td><td></td><td></td><td>cu</td><td>x</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td>cz</td><td></td><td>cz</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>jz</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>_CZ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td>JZ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>Z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>Z</td><td></td><td>Z5</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZI</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td>
<td rowspan="3"><_> OR Z5</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1 — V</td><td> 0»</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 0)</td>
<td rowspan="2">or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>b</td><td>L_</td><td></td><td></td><td> *;</td><td></td><td> 4—'</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> ±¿</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>z</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td>IT</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td><u</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>F</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TZ</td><td></td><td>TZ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td>
<td>TJ</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>IZ</td><td>C</td><td> (13</td><td>C</td><td> 03</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>IZ</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>-OR</td><td>or;</td><td>Ό</td><td>X</td><td>ό</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>'OR</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> (_></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>c_></td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td></td><td>C3</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>C3</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>on</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>cu</td>
<td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td> <13</td><td>I heard</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>IX</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">or JZ X</td>
<td></td><td>(Ό X</td><td>or or</td><td>^ 03 X</td><td>ύ or</td><td>you X C0</td><td>or or</td><td>03 X Ό-</td><td>_cz</td><td>or OR</td><td>| Nva</td><td>or or</td><td>what ></td><td>or OR</td><td> 03</td><td>OR c</td><td>z 03 X</td><td>or OR</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td>cu</td><td>r</td><td>X</td><td>what '</td><td>cu</td><td>Q</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>Q</td><td>cu</td><td>Q</td><td>X</td><td>Q</td><td>X</td><td>Q</td><td>X</td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>UI</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td><f</td><td></td><td></td><td> . <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td>«X</td><td></td><td> <</td>
<td></td><td>ΓΊ ω</td><td>ύ or</td><td> 03</td><td>ύ or</td><td> 03</td><td>Q</td><td> (0</td><td>oc- I</td><td>ύ or</td><td> 03</td><td>or or</td><td> 03</td><td>ύ or</td><td> 03</td><td>or or</td><td> 03</td><td>ύ or</td><td> 0)</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td>x</td><td> 7”</td><td>x</td><td>T</td><td colspan="2">or Φ</td><td>m 2</td><td> □2</td><td> 7”</td><td>EC</td><td> 7”</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>EC</td><td>T</td><td>cr</td><td>Z.</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> □</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td><L</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>CU</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td> 03</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">m X</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 1 0)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>Qj</td><td></td><td>Cu</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> 5</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><D</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td> '13</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR"</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>(Λ</td><td></td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td> 0»</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>(Λ</td><td></td><td>(Λ</td><td></td><td>OR)</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> '03</td><td>Q3</td><td></td><td></td><td>'OR</td><td>'OR</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> ‘03</td><td></td><td>'OR</td><td></td><td>'OR</td><td></td><td>'OR</td>
<td>t</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td>03 IT</td><td>'or</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td></td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td>H</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td>H</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td>H</td>
<td>z</td><td>or</td><td></td><td><D</td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Q3</td><td></td><td> 0)</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td></td><td>tj</td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td></td><td>TJ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>(B</td><td>(B</td><td></td><td></td><td>cu</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>CU</td><td></td><td>cu</td>
<td>TJ</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>CJ)</td><td colspan="2">CJ »</td><td></td><td>CJ »</td><td>CJ)</td><td></td><td>Π)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>CJ »</td><td></td><td>CJ »</td><td></td><td>on</td>
<td>OR</td><td> —</td><td></td><td><D</td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>or</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 0)</td>
<td>TJ</td><td>tj</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>fl3</td><td></td><td></td><td>cu</td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>íñ</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>T3</td><td></td><td>you</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td>
<td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ld</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>τ—</td><td>CM</td><td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td>TT</td><td></td><td>UZ</td><td></td><td><D</td><td></td><td>r-</td>
<td></td><td>cl</td><td></td><td>EC</td><td>b-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>r></td><td></td><td> 1”-</td><td></td><td>b-</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields</td><td># or*·</td><td>CN</td><td> 8,6</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 49,5</td><td>r- r-2</td><td> 59,0</td><td> 50,6</td><td> 12,4</td><td>or co</td>
<td></td><td>• K</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td> <0</td><td> <0</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td> (0</td><td><D</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td>c</td>
<td>or</td><td>C</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ <sub>c</sub></td><td> 3</td><td>Φ <sub>c</sub></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>or CD</td><td>OR 'or</td><td>σ> £</td><td>σ> £</td><td>CD £</td><td>CD £</td><td>g> -8</td><td> 05 £</td><td> §</td><td>CD £</td><td>CD £</td>
<td>CL</td><td> <</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>3 T</td><td>z</td><td>3 I</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td>00 CN</td><td>σ> CN</td><td>or co</td><td>faith</td><td>faith</td><td>faith</td><td>faith</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td>
<td></td><td>i—</td><td>i-</td><td>i-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td>
<td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td rowspan="2">ex</td><td> +</td><td> +</td><td></td><td></td><td> +</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>P</td><td></td><td></td><td>d</td><td>CN</td><td></td><td>CN</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td><r</td><td><r</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td>
<td></td><td> <</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>OQ</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>_JZ3</td><td>_JZ3</td><td>JZl</td><td>JZl</td><td>_JZ</td><td>_JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZl</td><td>Jl</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>"or</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2">or</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td> <0</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>(Λ</td>
<td rowspan="2">ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>'S<sup>1</sup></td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td>
<td>ω</td><td>CO</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>cu</td><td>cu</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td><u</td><td><u</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>b</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>or</td><td>CD</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>C</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td>
<td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> <0</td><td>CD</td><td> (0</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td> (0</td><td> (0</td><td>(D</td>
<td>«Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>s</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Λ Φ</td><td>Λ Φ</td><td>1 <U</td><td>1 Φ</td><td>Λ Φ</td><td>Λ Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Λ -c</td><td>Λ .c</td><td>Λ .c</td><td>2 C</td><td>2 C</td><td>and -c</td><td>and jz</td><td>2 C</td><td>2 J =</td>
<td></td><td>m</td><td>θ CL</td><td>θ 0.</td><td>θ 0.</td><td>g</td><td>g</td><td>g CL</td><td>g 0.</td><td>g</td><td>c 0-</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">co</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>00 Q</td><td>00 Q</td><td>00 Q</td><td>£ s.</td><td>£ s.</td><td>£ S-</td><td>£ s.</td><td>£ s.</td><td>£ s.</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> , <</td><td> , <</td><td> , <</td><td>Λ <</td><td>Λ <</td><td rowspan="2">ώ</td><td rowspan="2">ώ φ</td><td>Λ <</td><td>Λ <</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Λ ω</td><td>Λ Φ</td><td>Λ Φ</td><td>Or you</td><td>Or you</td><td>O φ</td><td>2 Φ</td>
<td></td><td>Cu co</td><td>or S ω z</td><td>o Ξ ω z</td><td>o Ξ ω z</td><td>1 i LL</td><td>1 i LL</td><td>£ i LL</td><td>LL é.</td><td>i 1 LL é.</td><td>ii LL</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td rowspan="3">ω co</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>1 or</td><td>1 or</td><td>1 or</td>
<td></td><td>w</td><td>w</td><td>ffí</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">S</td><td rowspan="2">S</td><td rowspan="2">m</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td>
<td></td><td>ic</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>H.H</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>T</td><td>I</td><td>T</td><td>T</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td>4B</td><td>4B</td><td></td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td><td>Ξ</td>
<td>JZ</td><td>or</td><td> <5</td><td> <5</td><td>Φ</td><td>OR</td><td>υ</td><td>υ</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>AND</td><td rowspan="2">or 'or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>DC</td><td>IC</td><td>IC</td><td>DC</td><td>DC</td><td>DC</td>
<td><0 ω</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td>cu</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>c</td><td>OR</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>cu</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>το</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>(D</td><td>(D</td><td>(D</td>
<td>Φ</td><td rowspan="2">co AND</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td> 05</td><td>OR></td><td>OR></td><td> 05</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td><U</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>CU</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>OR 3</td><td>or</td><td rowspan="2">Φ •4-· CD</td><td rowspan="2">Φ •4-· CD</td><td rowspan="2">Φ + - JO</td><td> 2</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td>
<td>w</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>'S</td><td>'S</td><td>K</td><td>Τλ</td><td>Τλ</td>
<td>s</td><td></td><td>W</td><td>W</td><td>ω</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>w</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td> 05</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>CN</td><td>CO</td><td>'' t</td><td>a</td><td> <0</td>
<td></td><td>Cl</td><td>r-</td><td>r-</td><td>C0</td><td>CO</td><td>CO</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td>
<td></td><td> £</td><td>t<sup>-</sup></td><td>t<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td colspan="2"> 30,9</td><td colspan="2"> 34,9</td><td> 24,0</td><td> 32,5</td><td colspan="2"> 32,2</td><td> 22,2</td><td colspan="2">r ^ í <</td><td>r- C0 CM</td><td colspan="2"> 66,8</td>
<td>i</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>C *</td><td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>ro</td><td>(OR</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>ro</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td> «3</td><td></td><td>(Q</td>
<td>OR (0</td><td></td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td>
<td>oc</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>φ</td><td>Φ i-</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>Φ <-</td><td></td><td> 3</td>
<td>oo</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td></td><td>OR></td><td>S<sup>1</sup> or</td><td>™ or</td><td></td><td>OR></td><td>gi o</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td>ro -o</td><td></td><td>on</td>
<td rowspan="2">Rea Goodbye</td><td></td><td>C</td><td></td><td>c</td><td> 2 <sup>v</sup></td><td> 2 <sup>w</sup></td><td></td><td>c</td><td> 2 <sup>v</sup></td><td></td><td>c</td><td> 2 <sup>v</sup></td><td></td><td>c</td>
<td></td><td>Z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>T3 X</td><td>PiH</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>Hid</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>Hid</td><td></td><td>z</td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td>to</td><td></td><td>to</td><td>Cj CQ</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3¡</td><td>T</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td></td><td>m</td>
<td>k_</td><td></td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td>
<td>co</td><td></td><td> +</td><td></td><td> +</td><td> +</td><td> +</td><td></td><td> +</td><td rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td> +</td><td> +</td><td></td><td> +</td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td>
<td> <</td><td></td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td><td> 1—</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td></td><td>H</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>ZJ</td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td><td>ZJ</td><td></td><td>ZJ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> _□</td><td></td><td>J3</td><td>xi</td><td>J3</td><td></td><td>J3</td><td>J3</td><td></td><td></td><td>XI</td><td></td><td>Z3</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>íz</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td>c</td><td>ÍZ</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>£ Z</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td>
<td rowspan="2">OR</td><td></td><td>trt</td><td></td><td>tf></td><td>Y)</td><td><Λ</td><td></td><td>C / 3</td><td>and></td><td></td><td>(Λ</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>and></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ φ 3 t</td><td></td><td>z</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>s</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td></td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td></td><td> 5</td>
<td> & <&</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>φ E</td><td></td><td>XJ</td><td></td><td>XI</td><td>XJ</td><td>XJ</td><td></td><td>XI</td><td>XI</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>XJ</td><td></td><td>XJ</td>
<td>Ό (0</td><td></td><td>C</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td></td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>•or</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> <0</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>CO</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>IX</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td> 03</td><td> Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td> Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>1 Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td>zz</td><td>OR</td><td>zz</td><td>Or ZZ</td><td>or JZ</td><td>OR</td><td>zz</td><td>or JZ</td><td>or</td><td>zz</td><td>or ZZ</td><td>OR</td><td>_c</td>
<td>CO</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>° ü_</td><td>g ü.</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>g 0.</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>g ü.</td><td>or</td><td>X</td>
<td rowspan="2">ω</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>E item-</td><td>AND</td><td></td>
<td>LL</td><td>OR</td><td>LL</td><td>LJ</td><td>LL Q</td><td>LL □</td><td>LL</td><td>Q</td><td>LL Q.</td><td>LL</td><td>LJ</td><td>LL Q</td><td>X</td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>OJ</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Π3</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td> <</td><td rowspan="2">ύ</td><td><r</td><td>Λ <</td><td> , <</td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td> <</td><td>Λ <</td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td></td><td>Λ <</td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td><r</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>O 03</td><td>O Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>or φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ Φ</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>co 03</td><td>OR AND LL</td><td>z</td><td>Fmo</td><td>two z</td><td>Fmo ) NM '</td><td>or É 1</td><td>OR AND LL</td><td>s z ^</td><td>or í 1</td><td>OR AND LL</td><td>5 z</td><td>o = 1</td><td>or AND X</td><td>s z ^</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>d></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>d></td>
<td>Item</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td><td>1 (J</td><td>1 (J</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td><td>1 OR</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td><td>1 OR</td><td></td><td>1 OR</td>
<td rowspan="2">co</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td>fc</td><td></td><td>fc</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>fc</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>t</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>t</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>LL</td><td></td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td></td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td></td><td>LL</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>your</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td>your</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> 03</td><td></td><td> ></td><td></td><td> ></td><td> ></td><td> ></td><td></td><td> ></td><td> ></td><td></td><td> ></td><td> ></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td>EO</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></} U</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 0)</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>(D</td>
<td>í = P oo</td><td></td><td>Ό <0</td><td></td><td>Ό C0</td><td>XJ CQ</td><td>XJ CQ</td><td></td><td>Ό 03</td><td>Ό CQ</td><td></td><td>XJ CQ</td><td>XJ co</td><td></td><td>XJ CQ</td>
<td>oj <2</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>OR)</td><td>OR)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td>OR)</td><td></td><td>OJ</td>
<td>Ό E</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>d></td><td> 0)</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>fQ</td><td>co</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td></td><td>Ϊ5</td>
<td>ό £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or "</td><td></td><td><Λ</td><td></td><td> </></td><td>Y)</td><td> (0</td><td></td><td><f></td><td></td><td></td><td>(Λ</td><td>ü3</td><td></td><td>and></td>
<td>• φ</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td>LU</td>
<td>z</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>(Λ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Φ 3</td><td></td><td>h-</td><td></td><td>QO</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td>CM</td><td></td><td> <0</td><td>xL</td><td></td><td>uo</td>
<td>Cl</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td> <33</td><td></td><td>C7></td><td> <33</td><td></td><td> <33</td><td> <33</td><td></td><td> <33</td>
<td>AND</td><td></td><td>T<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td>X<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T<sup>-</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T<sup>-</sup></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 13,0</td><td>90 L</td><td> 16,0</td><td> 14,7</td><td> 32,4</td><td> 14,2</td>
<td>Reaction Additional**</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>1 | g Ϊ 8 φ φ 2 or φ 'i -o ° E go b φ t cc £</td><td>Acetyl ation</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>OR 1 O ΰ yes. Q OJ co 1-</td><td>Ddz- T31 (But)</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-TS</td><td><35 ly OR OR Cu</td><td>Boc-T9</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Reductive Amination</td>
<td>Cu Cu</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td>
<td>C'-l Cu m</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>Boc-Acc</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>ώ $ o S mz Q</td>
<td>Cu m</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-Val</td><td>Bts-Val</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td>
<td>EC X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td><D</td><td>OR</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> 196</td><td> 197</td><td> 199</td><td> 200</td><td> 201</td><td> 202</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%> *</td><td>r- r <</td><td>IT</td><td> 19,9</td><td> 26,2</td><td>V</td><td> 16,7</td><td>CO oo</td>
<td>Reaction Additional</td><td>r- £ or £ Έ τΞ r¡ σ Φ OR <sub>rtl</sub> -w C TU o -g £ <3 O -s O CO <sup>Ό</sup> .C 3 q <2 Φ c £ rr = Φ £ U- ra * - O</td><td>Acetylation</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td></td><td>None</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>CT » $ or CO</td><td>Boc-T34</td><td>Boc-T9</td><td>Boc-T8</td><td>CT » $ or C0</td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td>
<td>CQ CÜ</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Abu</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) to Hollé</td>
<td>IN CO co</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td><td>(0 , <¿Φ or S Q</td><td>Boc- hc (4N) Leu</td><td>Boc-Acp</td><td>Boc- (D) NMeAla</td>
<td>BBi</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td><td>Bts-Val</td><td>Bts-allo-lle</td><td>Bts-lle</td>
<td>I heard δ co X</td><td>I</td><td>OR <</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>Assembly method of the macrocycle</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td><td>Uncle Ester's Strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> 203</td><td> 204</td><td> 205</td><td> 206</td><td> 207</td><td> 208</td><td> 209</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields</td><td> 4</td><td colspan="2"> -</td><td>V</td><td>CM</td><td>Ο</td><td> 14,9</td><td></td><td colspan="2"> 11,6</td><td>σ '</td><td colspan="2"> 19,0</td>
<td></td><td> 4</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td rowspan="2">CU</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>(Π</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td>
<td>or</td><td>c</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Φ Γ-</td><td></td><td></td><td>ζ</td><td>ζ</td><td></td><td>Ζ</td>
<td>φ</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>σ)</td><td>σ)</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>φ)</td><td>Φ3</td><td></td><td>Φ)</td>
<td> (0</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td>
<td>IX</td><td>Ό <</td><td></td><td>Z</td><td>Z</td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td>σ τ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td></td><td>Ζ</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td> $</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ο</td><td>DC</td><td></td><td>C0</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>H</td><td>H</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td>I-</td><td></td><td></td><td>I—</td><td>Η</td><td></td><td>I-</td>
<td></td><td> (0</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td> +</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Γ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td></td><td>ο</td>
<td></td><td> <.</td><td></td><td>x</td><td>x</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>μί</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>ω</td>
<td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>Ζ</td><td> £</td><td>Ζ</td><td></td><td> £</td><td></td><td>ζ</td><td>Ζ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Χϊ</td><td>ο</td><td>XJ</td><td></td><td> ‘0</td><td></td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>Ο</td><td>ο</td><td>Ο</td><td></td><td>ο</td><td></td><td>ο</td><td>φ</td><td></td>
<td> £</td><td></td><td>eo</td><td></td><td> ¢0</td><td> £</td><td>φ</td><td> £</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> 03</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>ο</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td></td><td>Ζ</td><td> £</td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2">or Φ</td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td>AND</td><td>Φ</td><td>E 2</td><td>Β</td><td>Ε 2</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ε</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Ε</td><td>φ</td>
<td> <</td><td> £</td><td><S</td><td></td><td><S</td><td></td><td></td><td> <</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td> <</td><td>C</td>
<td>ffl Φ</td><td>cu AND</td><td>Φ Ό</td><td>Φ Z Ό</td><td>or. 8 or €</td><td>Φ Ό</td><td>from duc</td><td>φ φ</td><td></td><td>Φ Ό</td><td>φ ζ φ</td><td>φ φ</td><td>Φ Ό</td><td>φ ζ C</td>
<td>Ό</td><td>Φ</td><td>C</td><td>Φ</td><td>£ Φ</td><td> £</td><td>£ Φ</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> £</td><td>φ</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>φ</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>CX</td><td>Ό What</td><td>Ό</td><td>oq;</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td> 0£</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ό</td><td>X</td>
<td>σ</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>«J</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>Φ</td><td> 03</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td> 03</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ £</td><td>Φ £</td><td>. Φ</td><td>. φ</td><td>Ο</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ £</td><td>φ £</td><td></td><td>φ £</td>
<td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td> 8 “</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>cu</td><td></td><td>or or</td><td>or or</td><td>ω g-</td><td>ω Ο</td><td>ε</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ ο</td><td>φ Ο</td><td></td><td>φ ο</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>Cu</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>two Φ</td><td></td><td rowspan="2"> ¿</td><td>Ζ</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> . £</td><td rowspan="3">Ο Β ο ® ε <sup>2</sup>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td>ω ω</td><td></td><td>< OR OR</td><td>Boc- (4N) I</td><td>Boc- MeA</td><td>Q Ν τ £ ύ 1-</td><td>φ = 3</td><td></td><td><. φ ο</td><td>< φ ο</td><td></td><td>< ύ ο</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>Φ £</td><td>Ζ</td><td>χ</td><td>ε 8</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>ω</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>'φ Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td>ζ</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>Ω</td><td>W</td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>φ</td><td> </></td><td> _</td>
<td></td><td>ώ</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td> ></td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Φ</td><td>£ go!</td><td></td><td> ></td><td>φ</td><td rowspan="2">X ν></td><td><Λ</td>
<td></td><td>CD</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>(Λ</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td> £</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>x</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>Ε X</td><td><sub>S</sub>C eo</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>(Λ X</td><td>ω</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> 5</td><td></td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>X</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td> ¿0</td><td></td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>_L</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ο</td>
<td> (0</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td rowspan="2">Ξ</td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>[Λ</td><td>[Λ</td><td></td><td></td><td>(Λ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">'φ</td>
<td rowspan="2">AND</td><td rowspan="2">Φ</td><td></td><td>-Φ</td><td>'Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>Ο</td><td>Ο</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td>Φ tfl</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> 1-</td><td>I-</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Η</td><td>Η</td><td></td><td>ο</td>
<td>C</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>σ</td><td>σ</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td> ¢13</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td> 03</td><td> 03</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 03</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>'φ</td>
<td>Ό</td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>OR)</td><td>σ)</td><td>σ></td><td>σ></td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ)</td><td>ο</td><td></td><td>C</td>
<td>or</td><td rowspan="2">Έί Ό</td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td>Ό</td>
<td>Ό OR</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> £</td><td></td><td>Φ Φ</td>
<td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>7ϊ</td><td>7ϊ</td><td>LII</td><td></td><td></td><td>ϋ></td><td><Λ</td><td></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>υ</td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>τ—</td><td>CM</td><td>(Ό</td><td>'Τ</td><td>ΙΩ</td><td></td><td> <£></td><td>DC</td><td></td><td>σ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td>CM</td><td></td><td>ΓΜ</td><td>CM</td><td></td><td>CM</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Yields (%) *</td><td> 15,0</td><td> 14,9</td><td> 11,7</td><td> 20,4</td><td>Oj co'</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 13,5</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Reaction Additional</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td>Hydrogen on</td><td>None</td><td>None</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>on ly OR OR m</td><td>on ly Y or ω</td><td>CT> I- 1 Y OR CÜ</td><td>OR 1- 1 Y OR CÜ</td><td>CÜ 1- + «T H</td><td>on H 1 Y or co</td><td>on ly Y or CÜ</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Clamping method mooring</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Mltsunobu reaction</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td>Amination Reaction Reducing</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>rt ω ω</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Boc-Phe</td><td>Fmoc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boc- (D) Phe</td><td>Boo- (D) Phe</td><td></td><td rowspan="6"> Additional reactions carried out post-cycling except where indicated otherwise, to achieve the desired product</td>
<td>(S CÜ</td><td>Boc-Pro</td><td>two CL Q or or CÜ</td><td>Boo-Pro</td><td>two HE OR OR CÜ</td><td>Fmoc- (D) Hyp (But )</td><td>, < or S cü x Q</td><td>< or S CÜ x Q</td><td rowspan="5">^ Overall performance; based on theoretical resin loading, starting from resin - 500 mg</td>
<td>BBi</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-nva</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Bts-Leu</td><td>Fmoc-lle</td><td>Bts-pro</td><td>Bts-Plp</td>
<td>cr δ CQ X</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocycle</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>RCM strategy</td><td>Thioester Strategy</td><td>Tloester strategy</td>
<td>Compound</td><td> 220</td><td> 221</td><td> 222</td><td> 223</td><td> 224</td><td> 225</td><td> 226</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 1B presents a summary of the synthesis of the 122 representative compounds of the present disclosure, and Table 1C presents the synthesis of about 15 additional representative compounds. For Table 1B, the reaction methodology used for the construction of the macrocyclic molecule is indicated in column 2 and relates it to the particular scheme of the synthetic strategy. Columns 3-6 indicate the individual functional blocks employed for each compound, amino acids, or binding using either standard nomenclature, or by referring to functional block designations presented elsewhere in this application. Column 7 indicates the procedure used for securing the tie. The functional blocks are listed in the reverse order in which they are added in order to correlate the functional block number with the standard peptide nomenclature. Column 8 indicates whether additional reaction chemistry was applied, such as to remove ancillary protection or to reduce a double bond (as was done with many RCM intermediates). All macrocycles in Tables 1B and 1C were purified and met the acceptance criteria. The yields (columns 9-10) are either isolated or calculated based on CLND analysis.
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 1B: Synthesis of Representative Compounds of the Present Disclosure
<td>Performance (%) *</td><td>CM</td><td>r-</td><td>or</td><td>DO</td><td>d</td><td>co</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>d</td><td> 7</td><td>uo</td><td></td><td>í *></td>
<td>Quantity (mg) *</td><td>I-- on' rs</td><td>xr Lf></td><td>uo tea CO</td><td>OR IT</td><td>OR</td><td>uo</td><td>í £> d</td><td>co «Τ '</td><td>CM AC 01</td><td>«T «T co</td><td>Io «></td><td>σι cm '</td><td>IM CQ d</td>
<td>Reaction additional**</td><td>03 3 □ Cn 3 Z</td><td>03 3 □ on 3 Z</td><td>ίΰ 3 3 cn c Z</td><td>03 3 3 on 3 Z</td><td>03 3 3 on 3 z</td><td>CD 3 3 cn c Z</td><td>CD 3 3 on c Z</td><td>03 3 on 3 z</td><td>03 3 3 □ 1 3 Z</td><td>03 3 3 03 3 Z</td><td>CD 3 3 on 3 z</td><td>03 3 3 03 3 z</td><td><D 3 3 on 3 z</td>
<td>or> (C £ n; 0 or c :two or Cl w></td><td>□ _ □ or c □ J / J 0) or 3 or '0 or rt cu EC</td><td>□ _ □ or c □ Φ or 3 •or '0 or 03 ai EC</td><td>3 _C or and 3 V) 1 0 0 & •or Ό or CD or QC</td><td>3 -OR or c □ 12 01 or •or '0 or 03 0 EC</td><td>£ 5 £ 73 3 Ό 01 EC 3 •OR (J CD c AND <</td><td>3 _D OR AND 3 ω OR 0 T3 3 •or 0 or CD 0 DC</td><td>3 _Q OR AND 3 ω OR 0 T3 3 •or '0 OR CD 0 EC</td><td>3 -OR or c 3 Ul § 0 or 3 •or '0 or 03 Φ EC</td><td>3 _Q OR c 3 Ul § 0 0 3 •or '0 or ra 0 EC</td><td>3 _ □ to c D Ul § 0 0 3 •or '0 or 0 0 EC</td><td>AND •OR 'or CD i £ -0 3 0 • oe 0 0 CD 0 EC</td><td>3 _ □ to c 3 Ul § 0 0 3 •OR '0 or ra 0 EC</td><td>3 OR AND 3 ω 1 0 0 3 •or Ό 0 CD 0 £ E</td>
<td>0 ec £ <</td><td>03 d í? or or co</td><td>«31 H or OR CQ</td><td>oo N OR Q</td><td>co H or OR CQ</td><td>«31 H or OR CQ</td><td>H OR or CQ</td><td> 1— + 3</td><td>co H or OR CQ</td><td>(5) H or or CQ</td><td>(71 H or OR CQ</td><td>I heard h- 0 or CQ</td><td>Gave H or OR AC</td><td>I heard h- 0 or CQ</td>
<td>m CD</td><td>LL af i □ c or m</td><td>ϋ I heard _c CL Q ύ or co</td><td>OR d I heard _and CL OR OR CQ</td><td>0 _c 0. or OR CQ</td><td>'tfl' Phew ± OR ύ or CQ</td><td>LL 4- flí J3 to. to or or CQ</td><td>LL *4 You J3 to. Q ά £ OR_</td><td>□ 0 _c CL OR ύ or C0</td><td>LL TtT .3 □ or or CQ</td><td>Έ h- 'c' ύ OR CO</td><td>3 ÚQ Q >. H Q ώ or CQ</td><td>LL CM TtT .3 CL □ or to AC</td><td>¿L 'jf 3 to. Q 0 or m</td>
<td>m CQ</td><td>03 3 Ξ Z □ 0 OR CO</td><td>03 5 Z Q or or CQ</td><td>CL OR < ύ or CQ</td><td>CL OR < θ ' ύ or co</td><td>03 3 Σ Z Q or or CQ</td><td>DC < 0 Ξ Ξ Q or or CQ</td><td>CD < 0 S z δ or 0 Ξ ll</td><td>03 3 Σ Z Q or or CQ</td><td>03 Σ Z Q or OR CQ</td><td>03 Σ Ξ Q or OR CQ</td><td>CD 5 z Q 0 or CQ</td><td>ra 3 Σ Z Q or or AC</td><td>CD 5 z Q 0 or CQ</td>
<td></td><td>□ 1 Q_ or Ul s</td><td>on CL OR Ul 3</td><td>i 3 Ul CQ<sup>2</sup> £</td><td>ul 3</td><td>Jj Ul 3</td><td>cn CL OR Jl 5</td><td>D> CL OR or or £ ll</td><td>GAVE CL OR Ul δ</td><td>GAVE Q. OR Ul δ</td><td>ai £ L OR (/] δ</td><td>on OR. OR ¿ or your</td><td>GAVE £ L OR (Λ δ</td><td>CD £ L OR Jl δ</td>
<td>Assembly method macrocyclic</td><td>5 You ai or ai OR ra σι 0 76 73 LU</td><td>ai You • 0i ,or 0) □ Π3 Gave J 'S You LLI</td><td>0 You • 0 or 0 or you 'cn 0 76 73 LU</td><td>0 You '01 ,or cu Ό 03 Gave J 76 You LLI</td><td>0 You * 0) ,two cu Ό 03 Gave J 76 You LLI</td><td>0 T> -0 OR 0 c CD 'Gave 0 76 73 lli</td><td>Z OR DC 0 Ό two 'c & 0 £ 73 Ul</td><td>0 You '0 ,two 0 to 03 Gave J 76 You LLI</td><td>0 You '0 ,two 0 03 Gave J0 7c 75 LLI</td><td>0 You '0 ,two 0 03 Gave J0 75 75 LLI</td><td>OR 73 '0 OR "□ CD 'd 0 76 73 Ul</td><td>0 You '0 ,two 0 Τ3 03 Gave 0 £ 75 LLI</td><td>0 73 • 0 or 0 ΤΞ3 CD '•Gave Φ £ 73 Ul</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>03 σι CM</td><td>σι σι «Μ</td><td>OR d</td><td>d OR d</td><td>IT or d</td><td>(£> or d</td><td>r ^ or d</td><td>co or d</td><td>I HEARD or «Ό</td><td>or ω</td><td>cñ</td><td>«N ? ϊ</td><td>or d</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance (% l *</td><td>Cl</td><td> -</td><td>n</td><td>CN</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>Cl</td><td> -</td><td>CN</td><td>co</td><td>CN</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td> -</td><td>OR</td>
<td>σ co * g CT § I or</td><td>K. OR) (Ό</td><td>co in n</td><td>X σ</td><td>co rT CO</td><td>IT co</td><td>m r- CO</td><td>τΓ CO V</td><td>ΙΛ 4 m</td><td>CO OR Ν '</td><td>to r * Cl</td><td>to <0 D</td><td>>> __ cn n</td><td>ΙΛ Γ * ' DC</td><td>CN Li CO</td><td>IT cñ</td>
<td>Reaction additional**</td><td>CD 3 3 OR and Z</td><td>CD 3 3 CT and Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT ε Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra c 3 CT and Z</td><td>ra c 3 CT and Z</td><td>ra c 3 CT and Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 CT and Z</td><td>ra c 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT c Z</td><td>ra 3 3 CT AND z</td>
<td>Fastening the mooring</td><td>z OR and 3 v> i Q> CT AND -OR 3 C5 Q> IX</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>MitEunobii reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>3 OR and 3 trt two ra C c -or 8 ra ra or:</td><td>3 J2 OR c ífl two ra T3 AND Ό 8 ra ra IX</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>Mitsunobu reaction</td><td>3 r¡i 0 AND 3 trt two ra CT AND •OR 8 ra ra IX</td>
<td>Mooring</td><td>CT H OR OR CO</td><td>? ra 0 co</td><td>í? £ J OR CO</td><td>í? £ J OR CO</td><td>F? 0 0 co</td><td>F? OR ra co</td><td>F? ra ra co</td><td>or 0 co</td><td>or 0 co</td><td>F? 0 Q CO</td><td>F? « 0 co</td><td>í? ra 0 m</td><td>í? ra 0 co</td><td>ra 0 co</td><td>F? ra ra co</td>
<td>m GÚ</td><td>4_ Cl ra jz rz? or. or or <sup>15</sup>ra 0 co</td><td>4 4 of jd rz? 0- 0 OR <sup>15</sup>OR OR co</td><td>0 CT 4 (4 ra £ CL OR OR OR CO</td><td>0 CT IQ σί ra .c CL Q ώ or CO</td><td>OR? ra c ra CL ra JC 0. Q ώ or CO</td><td>co 4 'ra l Q ra 0 CO</td><td>4 ra or_ Q ra 0 CO</td><td>z 'αΓ _and CL OR ύ 0 m</td><td>FT IT OR ra _c 0_ OR ώ or CO</td><td>4 ΓΟ *5? § § 0 Q CO</td><td>CL § ¿ OR CO</td><td>Ll ά I heard jZ CL. OR OR CQ</td><td>m co. 'af 0. or 0 CO</td><td>ll? ? Λ cT 'gave 0. 0 0 co</td><td>ra ' OR or I heard 0. ra 0 co</td>
<td>GÚ m</td><td>CD z D or 0 CO</td><td>CD 3 AND z Q ώ or CO</td><td>ra S Z Q ύ 0 CO</td><td>ra 3 Z Q ύ 0 CO</td><td>ra % AND Z Q or 0 CO</td><td>ra 3 Z Q ra 0 CO</td><td>ra * £ z Q ra 0 CO</td><td>ra Z Q ύ or co</td><td>ra Z Q ύ 0 CO</td><td>ra * £ z Q ώ or CO</td><td>ώ or CO strange í 3 eleven g Q ύ or what</td><td>CL OR «: ra 0 CO</td><td>CL (J ra or CO</td><td>CL (J «: ra 0 CO</td><td>CL ra <F ra ra co</td>
<td>GÚ m</td><td>CT CL 0 trt δ</td><td>CT CL 0 (Λ ffi</td><td>CT CL υ [Λ s</td><td>CT CL υ [rt δ</td><td>CT CL 0 trt s</td><td>CT CL OR trt B</td><td>CT CL OR trt B</td><td>CT CL OR [rt Ξ</td><td>CT CL υ trt δ</td><td>CT CL OR <rt B</td><td>CT CL 0 <rt δ</td><td>Jj £ /] δ</td><td>jj ώ δ</td><td>jj ra δ</td><td>ra trt δ</td>
<td>ra λ E ° c a * <j a * 2 T3 O O § from o 'SJ AND</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>0) ω 'Q _or ra CT c2 ct ra ra Τλ LLI</td><td>ra Τλ • 0) ο ω ct ra CT ra Έ Τλ UJ</td><td>ra Trt -ra _or ra ct ,two CT ra Έ Trt IT</td><td>ra ω 'OR _or ra CT ra ct ra ra T3 LLI</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>Jj T5 Yes H _or ra ct ,two CT ra ra Έ3 IT</td><td>ra σ> • ra 0 ra ct ,two CT ra ra Τλ IT</td><td>ra Trt • ra _or ra two ct ra ra Trt LLI</td><td>ra Trt • ra _or ra .two ct ra ra Trt UJ</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>Thioester strategy</td><td>ra trt ra 0 ra CT ,two CT ra ra trt UJ</td>
<td>Compound</td><td>you</td><td>THE cñ</td><td>(OR rñ</td><td>rñ</td><td>CO tO</td><td>CT tO</td><td>0 Cl ro</td><td>CN co</td><td>CN CN co</td><td>OR Cl cl</td><td>Tt CN CO</td><td>Λ CN co</td><td>to CN co</td><td>h- CN CO</td><td>"OR fl cn</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance (%> *</td><td>co</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>or</td><td>co</td><td> -</td><td>co</td><td>CN</td><td>r-</td><td>or CN</td><td>or CN</td><td>M-</td><td>Tf</td><td>or</td><td>ΙΛ CN</td>
<td>Ό Or m £ 1 OR</td><td>CD 10 CN</td><td>T 8</td><td>Γ ~ - co</td><td>(JO 8</td><td>(JO §</td><td>CN CO</td><td>fj ΓΝ C0</td><td>r- l < rt</td><td>uo l < (£ 3</td><td>OR <or</td><td>OR co</td><td>M- 4</td><td>¢ 0 M-</td><td>l - [· n</td><td>CO Φ</td>
<td>c 1 -0 3 ü e or S H</td><td>3 c 3 on c Ζ</td><td>3 C 3 on AND z</td><td>3 c 3 01 AND z</td><td>DC c 3 01 c Z</td><td>DC c 3 01 C Z</td><td>3 C 3 01 AND z</td><td>DC c 3 0> AND z</td><td>3 Z 3 01 c z</td><td>[Λ Ό c Φ 03 OR 0 I</td><td>3 C 3 01 AND z</td><td>3 C 3 01 AND z</td><td>3 S 3 01 c z</td><td>3 S 3 01 c z</td><td>3 S 3 01 AND z</td><td>3 S 3 01 c z</td>
<td>Φ 3 AND 3 5 σ c Ϊ 3 0</td><td>3 JO OR AND 3 _co two Φ σ B -0 'B Q> □ c</td><td>3 JO OR AND 3 JJ two Φ 0 AND '0 'B IT IS DC</td><td>3 JO OR B 3 JJ two Φ 0 B Ό 'B IT IS DC</td><td>3 JO OR AND 3 W two or * 0 s -OR 8 £ QC</td><td>3 JO OR AND 3 two two φ * 0 AND -OR 8 £> or;</td><td>3 JO or B 3 jo two φ σ B Ό 'B 5) DC</td><td>AND '0 0 3 C É £ <S d § C Φ •Oct 0 0 3 ω DC</td><td>3 JO OR B 3 ω two φ 0 B -0 'B 3 DC</td><td>AND 'OR 0 DC c <£ Φ 3 -OR C Φ Ό CC 0 0 DC c DC</td><td>3 JO or AND 3 two φ * 0 AND Ό 8 <E et</td><td>3 JO or AND 3 Φ two φ * 0 AND Ό 8 3j et</td><td>two 0 or 3 0 33 et c -0 'what 3 c Έ <</td><td>3 JO OR B 3 ^ 2 two φ 0 B -0 'B 3 QC</td><td>3 OR s 3 two φ * 0 s Ό 8 <Ex et</td><td>3 JO OR B 3 two φ 0 B -0 'B Φ EC</td>
<td>Φ 3 Ξ <</td><td>p s</td><td>p</td><td>p to</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P to</td><td>P to</td><td>P</td><td>P i</td><td>P to</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td>
<td>Cu £ D</td><td>z CO You OR. or 0 Cu</td><td>□ tt co You CL 1</td><td>LL ? Tf CO. You X what- or or your</td><td>ll OR OR 'φ jo CL 0 OR Cu</td><td>ho H Γ) 6 Ό Cu</td><td>í Φ X 0. έ your</td><td>LL 4 You JO (X g or or Cu</td><td>LL 'Yes and to. g 0 or Cu</td><td>ÍL Four. You and or_ g □ or Cu</td><td>LL? 4 You CL g or or Cu</td><td>LL 4, You JO CL g 0 c Cu</td><td>LL Four. You and to. g 0 or what</td><td>í Φ _c CL s) your</td><td>; 0 or Io You CL 0 OR tn</td><td>í Φ _c CL your</td>
<td>OR Cu</td><td>Cl or <</td><td>Cl 0 <</td><td>Cl 0 <</td><td>Cl 0 <</td><td>CL 0 <</td><td>JO <</td><td>DC < 33 S z g 0 or tea</td><td>5 V or 0 Cu</td><td>3 < 33 Ξ z S r 0 or your</td><td>3 < Φ S z g 0 c tn</td><td>3 < Φ Ξ z g 0 c tn</td><td>3 < Φ Ξ z V 0 or your</td><td>cl 0 <</td><td>OJ 0 <</td><td>CL Φ <</td>
<td>CO Cu</td><td>J3 two</td><td>J) two</td><td>J) two</td><td>ώ <5</td><td>J2 TO <5</td><td>Cl or m</td><td>1 1 JO H</td><td>φί ' ¿0 CÚ Έ- φ w</td><td>N 3 □</td><td>? ffi You TO what</td><td>8 tn £ OR ώ ffi</td><td>75 your</td><td>co 5</td><td>CN You ¿Δ on S</td><td>CN Z Í at 0 B</td>
<td>Φ '!? Δ AND <sup>9</sup>* .s = and ψ U φ 2 CV $ 1 or -Φ S</td><td>φ B 33 _or Φ σ 3 '□> 03 TS B LLI</td><td>φ B • ω _or Φ σ EC 'or ω TS B LLI</td><td>φ B • ω _or Φ σ 3 '0) ω TS B LLI</td><td>φ 75 -3> _o Φ * 0 EC or φ 76 B UJ</td><td>φ 75 '0 _or 0 xr 0 0J Φ 3 B UJ</td><td>or B • cu _or Φ σ 3 '0) 03 76 B LLI</td><td>Φ 75 -33 _or Φ 'C 3 0J 33 76 B UJ</td><td><5 75 -φ or Φ 0 3 '03 Φ 73 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -33 or Φ 0 3 '03 33 76 B LLI</td><td>Φ 7λ 0 _c Φ το 3 0) Φ 76 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -Φ _c Φ * 0 3 0) Φ 3 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -φ _or Φ 0 3 '03 Φ 76 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -φ _or Φ 0 3 '03 Φ 76 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -Φ _or Φ * 0 3 0) Φ 3 B UJ</td><td>Φ 75 -33 _or Φ 0 3 '03 33 76 B UJ</td>
<td>or B u> 3 Cl AND Φ or</td><td>σ> CN co</td><td>or co co</td><td>co CO</td><td>η or or</td><td>r> Γ) Γ)</td><td>tJ- CO CO</td><td>IT CO CO</td><td>co co co</td><td>r- co co</td><td>year r> r></td><td>or or or</td><td>or M- CO</td><td>4 co</td><td>CN Tf <0</td><td>co M- co</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td colspan="3">OR c</td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">CO</td><td rowspan="2">CP</td><td rowspan="2">cp</td><td rowspan="2">fO CQ</td><td rowspan="2">r * -</td><td rowspan="2">IfJ</td><td rowspan="2">co</td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td rowspan="2">in π</td><td rowspan="2">CT</td><td rowspan="2">f \ l</td><td rowspan="2">m</td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">co Cl</td><td rowspan="2">d</td><td rowspan="2">ra</td><td rowspan="2">d ra</td>
<td colspan="2">AND c OR) I heard</td><td> 5?</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="2">re Ό OR</td><td></td><td>ITS</td><td></td><td rowspan="2"> «?</td><td> ,_</td><td> ,_</td><td>Mr</td><td>tea</td><td></td><td></td><td>r ^</td><td> «3</td><td>CQ</td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>co</td><td>ra</td>
<td></td><td>CT</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>r-</td><td>xr</td><td>rt</td><td></td><td>σι</td><td>ΙΛ</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>(OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>Io</td><td>co</td><td>to</td><td>to</td>
<td> 3</td><td></td><td>ε</td><td>Cl</td><td></td><td>MESS</td><td>T-</td><td>θ</td><td>CM</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td>T-</td><td>'T</td><td>CM</td><td>co</td><td></td><td>'t</td><td>d</td><td>'re·</td><td>co</td><td>ra</td>
<td>υ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td> ¢.</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>yes</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>(J</td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> □</td><td>zs</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>re</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>CT</td><td>on</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td>
<td>re</td><td></td><td>or</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>C</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>re X</td><td></td><td>CT re</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> _</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td> _□</td><td> _□</td><td>JJ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>Q</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Q</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td>z</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td>z¡</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>AND</td><td></td><td>Λ</td><td>jfl</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>Jfl</td><td>Jfl</td><td>rt</td><td></td><td></td><td>Jfl</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td>
<td></td><td>í |!</td><td></td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>Ϊ</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td><td>i</td>
<td></td><td>Ό</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>Φ</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>σ</td><td>TJ</td><td>σ</td><td>T3</td><td>re</td><td> □</td><td>TJ</td><td>TZ</td><td>Ό</td><td>TZ</td><td>TS</td><td>TS</td><td></td><td>TJ</td><td>OR</td><td>TZ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td>
<td></td><td>• p</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>•OR</td><td>•or</td><td>•OR</td><td>'OR</td><td>'OR</td><td>or</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•or</td><td>•or</td><td>•OR</td><td>•or</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td>Π</td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>re</td><td>CD</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>re</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>it is</td><td>ra</td><td>(C</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td><s</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">in</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>OR</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>Φ</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>Φ</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>DC</td><td>I heard</td><td>DC</td><td>to go</td><td>DC</td><td>cr</td><td>YOU</td><td>to go</td><td>ITEM</td><td>DC</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td>EC</td><td>cr</td><td>tr</td><td>tr</td><td>tr</td><td>tr</td>
<td></td><td> 4!</td><td></td><td>co</td><td> 03</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td> 3</td><td rowspan="2">LfJ CO 1-</td><td>or</td><td>ΓΙ</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td rowspan="2">co uo 1-</td><td> 7*0</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>k-</td><td></td><td>H</td><td>OR</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>h-</td><td>h-</td><td>H</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td><re<sup>r</sup>'<sup>J</sup> your</td><td>H</td><td> (—</td><td>H</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td> +</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">CJ</td><td>TJ ü-</td><td> +</td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td> +</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>ε</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>What</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> <</td><td></td><td>Cu</td><td>your</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>co</td><td>your</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>P</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>your</td><td>N- 1-</td><td>P</td><td>Cu</td><td> (—</td><td>P</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>LL</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 9</td><td></td><td> 9</td><td>ώ</td><td>Ñ ffl</td><td> 9'</td><td> 5'</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 4</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>(OR</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td rowspan="2">OR</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>your</td><td>(OR</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>Cu</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>reT</td><td>ui</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>OR_</td><td>_3 Q_</td><td>_3 Q_</td><td>_3 Q_</td><td>_3 Q_</td><td>•re _z</td><td>re</td><td>re _c</td><td>re _c</td>
<td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>.c. 0.</td><td>_c 0_</td><td>jZ or.</td><td>re ω</td><td>re ω</td><td>jZ 0.</td><td>jZ 0_</td><td>_c or_</td><td>jZ or_</td><td>Q</td><td> □</td><td> □</td><td>s</td><td>Q</td><td>CL</td><td>_c □ _</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CJ</td><td>or</td><td>CJ</td><td>ώ</td><td>ύ</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>CJ</td><td>CJ</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">(i</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>c</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>or</td><td>ώ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td>ω</td><td>CO</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td> □</td><td>CQ</td><td>IT</td><td>CO</td><td>AND LL</td><td>or Cu</td><td>or what</td><td>re Cu</td><td>or Cu</td><td>AND LL</td><td>co</td><td>AND Ll</td><td>AND OR_</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>re</td><td rowspan="2">re</td><td>CT</td><td rowspan="2">re</td><td rowspan="2">re</td><td></td><td></td><td>or.</td><td>CL</td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>re</td><td rowspan="2">re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>, z></td><td>ZL</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td> □.</td><td>OR.</td><td> 3.</td><td> 3.</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>m Cu</td><td></td><td>2 O CÚ 'Έ re ω</td><td>ώ s</td><td>9 tfi ω</td><td>TO ffi</td><td>ώ S</td><td>$ tfl £</td><td>*F ω £</td><td>< TO £</td><td>< TO £</td><td>CJ re AND LL</td><td>9 w £</td><td>9 rt £</td><td>9 rt £</td><td>9 rt £</td><td>or re AND LL</td><td>TO what</td><td>re or £ or_</td><td>re or £ OR_</td>
<td> 0/</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>_TO</td><td></td><td></td><td>(OR</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td rowspan="2">re 5 -re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>s</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>Ξ</td><td>re</td><td> 5</td><td>s</td>
<td rowspan="2">AND ro</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>rt 'Q></td><td>Ifl •re</td><td>t /> •re</td><td>t /> • φ</td><td>re •re</td><td>re •re</td><td>THE -re</td><td>-re</td><td>or</td><td>(rt 'Φ</td><td>rt 'Φ</td><td>rt •re</td><td>rt .re</td><td>or</td><td>rt •re</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td> <_)</td><td>_or</td><td>_or</td><td>_or</td><td>_or</td><td>.or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>_or</td><td>DC</td><td>_or</td><td>_or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>ITEM</td><td>_or</td><td>EC</td><td>EC</td>
<td>rt c</td><td></td><td> <_></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>új</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re Ό</td><td>ÚJ</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re Έ</td><td>re</td><td>re re</td><td>re re</td>
<td>re</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>T3</td><td>TJ</td><td>T3</td><td>CJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>TJ</td><td>T3</td><td>T3</td><td>re</td><td>Π</td><td> □</td><td>YOU</td><td>T3</td><td>re</td><td>TJ</td><td>re</td><td>it is</td>
<td>re</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td><td>re</td><td>ra</td><td>CT</td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td>
<td>Ό</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>CT</td><td>re</td><td>CT</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>D</td><td></td><td>t</td><td> £</td><td>re</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>re</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td rowspan="3">UJ</td><td> 2</td><td>re</td><td> 2</td><td>re</td><td rowspan="3">Έ UJ</td><td> 2</td><td rowspan="3">Tfl UJ</td><td rowspan="3">rt 10</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>rt</td><td>Τα</td><td>Έ5</td><td>X5</td><td>TS</td><td>Έ5</td><td>v5</td><td></td><td>X5</td><td>Έο</td><td>Έί5</td><td>u5</td><td>σι</td><td>SW</td>
<td>•OR S</td><td></td><td></td><td>ILI</td><td>LLI</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>«Z</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td>* t</td><td>IT</td><td>co</td><td> 1-</td><td>co</td><td>CT</td><td>or</td><td> ,—</td><td>d</td><td>or</td><td>ΜΓ</td><td>IT</td><td>co</td><td>Γ</td><td>co</td><td>CT</td><td>or</td><td>• i-</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>T</td><td> 4</td><td>• «J-</td><td></td><td>xr</td><td> 4</td><td>not</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>Lf></td><td>IT</td><td>IT</td><td>m</td><td>MESS</td><td>or</td><td>HO</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td>g</td><td></td><td>ra</td><td>CO</td><td>or</td><td>CO</td><td>ra</td><td> (*3</td><td> 1*5</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> (*5</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>ra</td><td>ra</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance</td><td colspan="2">* g.</td><td>Γ- a</td><td>Item</td><td>a</td><td>co</td><td>r ~ co</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>to go</td><td>NA</td><td>NA</td><td>or</td><td><sub>=</sub></td><td> 04</td><td>or-</td><td> 04</td><td></td><td> 04</td><td> 04</td>
<td>σ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>ή β c</td><td></td><td> 8> £.</td><td>to go <2 if)</td><td>CO</td><td>t?</td><td>04 fO</td><td>co (OR fO</td><td> 04</td><td>«0 d</td><td>d</td><td>or> co'</td><td>σ> σ></td><td>σ> 8</td><td>to 3</td><td>h- to go</td><td>co I heard OJ</td><td>ΙΛ r * ~ '</td><td>(D 4</td><td>co * £ (0</td><td>CO to co</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>'OR</td><td>'OR</td><td>'OR</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td>L</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> ‘3</td><td> ‘3</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td> ‘5</td><td> ‘5</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>Q></td><td>Q></td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td> 3></td><td>CQ</td><td> 3)</td><td> 3)</td><td> 3></td><td>CQ</td>
<td>Φ il</td><td></td><td>3 or flT</td><td>two Ό</td><td>g Ό</td><td>two Ό</td><td>£ or</td><td> £ 3</td><td>Z</td><td>Z</td><td>Z</td><td> £ 3</td><td> £ 3</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>Z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td>lZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td>£ t</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td>JZ</td><td>.OR</td><td>JZ</td><td>.C</td><td>.C</td><td>.OR</td><td>JZ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td>
<td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td> £</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td>C</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td></td><td>fc</td><td></td><td>and</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>(rt</td><td>(rt</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>£ Λ</td><td>£ Λ</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>trt</td><td>to</td><td>trt</td><td>trt</td><td>trt</td><td>to</td>
<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td>cr</td><td>cr</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td>cr</td><td> 15</td><td>cr</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 15</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td> <</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> <</td>
<td></td><td><d</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">3 (Λ</td><td></td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td> $</td><td> $</td><td>s</td><td>Yes</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>K</td><td>K</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td> (£</td><td>CL</td><td> (£</td><td> (£</td><td>tr</td><td>CL</td>
<td></td><td>£ <5 ε</td><td></td><td> (= +</td><td> +</td><td> +</td><td>or +</td><td>P + 5</td><td>JZ F? Y</td><td>re í? Y</td><td>P 8</td><td> £</td><td></td><td> 8</td><td>r- H 8</td><td> or £ & Q f2</td><td>σι P ¿</td><td> 8</td><td>OR H</td><td> £ 8</td><td>r-. P 8</td>
<td></td><td> 4</td><td></td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td>P</td><td></td><td>P</td><td> <3</td><td> <3</td><td>CQ</td><td> 1-</td><td> 1-</td><td> £¡</td><td> £¡</td><td>H</td><td>or</td><td>ώ</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> <2</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> £·</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>LL?</td><td>IL</td><td>LL</td><td>or</td><td>LL</td><td>P</td><td>ÍL</td><td> ©</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 4</td><td>ñ</td><td>ñ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td></td><td> 4</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CO</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> <*></td><td>co</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2"></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td rowspan="2">UJ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>r></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>φ</td><td>φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>JZ</td><td></td><td></td><td>Q></td><td>Q></td><td> ,£</td><td></td><td>JZ</td><td> .£</td><td> 3</td><td>J =</td>
<td></td><td>Cu CO</td><td></td><td>lZ % or £</td><td>JZ % or AND</td><td>JZ % or AND</td><td>moc-Ph</td><td>moc-Ph</td><td>CL g to</td><td rowspan="2">Boc-Phe</td><td rowspan="2">Boc-Phe</td><td>moc-Ph</td><td>moc-Ph</td><td>CL or or or</td><td>CL S ¿</td><td>CL g 3 or</td><td>Q. OR X or</td><td>CL OR Ύ 3 OR</td><td>CL g 3 OR</td><td>CL g 3</td><td>oc- (D) PI</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ll</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>CQ</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>Cu</td><td>OÚ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>(Q</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>re</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td><td>re</td>
<td></td><td> £0</td><td></td><td>Δ. OR ?</td><td>Cl OR ?</td><td>Cl Y ?</td><td>Cl 3 ΐ</td><td>Cl 3 ΐ</td><td>ΐ Ξ z</td><td>Cl s.</td><td>Cl s.</td><td>Cl 3 ΐ</td><td>Cl 3 ΐ</td><td>í Ξ z</td><td>í Ξ z</td><td>< 3 Ξ z</td><td>Ξ z</td><td>< 3 S z</td><td>< 3 S z</td><td>< 3 S z</td><td>Ξ z</td>
<td></td><td>Cu</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ε OR_</td><td>AND LL</td><td>AND IL</td><td>AND Ll</td><td>AND IL</td><td>X</td><td>I</td><td>I</td><td>AND LL</td><td>AND LL</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>V</td><td>X</td><td>Ύ</td><td>Ύ</td><td>V</td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ÚQ</td><td>ÚQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>(Q</td><td>(Q</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>AC</td><td></td><td></td><td>Q></td><td>Q></td><td>AC</td><td>AC</td><td>Br</td><td>AC</td><td>S></td><td>S></td><td>S></td><td>AC</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Cl</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td>Cl</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>Cl</td>
<td></td><td>CO</td><td></td><td></td><td>and</td><td>and</td><td> ¿</td><td> ¿</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td></td><td> ¿</td><td> ¿</td><td> 4</td><td> 4</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td>
<td></td><td>CQ</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>(Λ £</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td> « £</td><td> « £</td><td>trt £</td><td> « £</td><td>(rt £</td><td>trt £</td><td>trt £</td><td> « £</td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td rowspan="3">ha AND 3</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ M Φ</td><td>φ « φ</td><td>φ « φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>φ</td><td>φ « φ</td><td>3 trt '3</td><td>φ « φ</td><td>3 (rt '3</td><td>3 (rt '3</td><td>3 trt '3</td><td>φ « φ</td>
<td></td><td>V</td><td>cl</td><td>cl</td><td>cl</td><td>tt</td><td>tt</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td rowspan="2">or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td> —</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Φ</td>
<td>Φ Φ Y</td><td></td><td>3 or 3</td><td>.two SP</td><td>.two 5f</td><td>.two 5f</td><td> .2 5?</td><td> .2 5?</td><td>fifteen re 'AC</td><td>fifteen re 'AC</td><td>fifteen re 'co</td><td> .2 5?</td><td> .2 5?</td><td>fifteen re co</td><td>fifteen re co</td><td>cr re '5r</td><td>fifteen re 'AC</td><td>cr re 'Mr</td><td>3 re 'Mr</td><td>3 re '5r</td><td>fifteen re 'AC</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td>re ε</td><td rowspan="2">AND 3 LU</td><td rowspan="2">AND Έ UJ</td><td rowspan="2">AND Έ LU</td><td rowspan="2">two trt LU</td><td rowspan="2">two trt LU</td><td>φ re 6</td><td>φ re</td><td>φ re</td><td rowspan="2">two t5 LU</td><td rowspan="2">two and> LU</td><td>φ re</td><td>φ re</td><td>3 ? TS</td><td>φ re 'AND</td><td>3 τί</td><td>3 τί</td><td> 3 ?</td><td>φ re 'AND</td>
<td>Ξ</td><td></td><td></td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td><td>LU</td>
<td></td><td> 0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>I HEARD</td><td>co</td><td></td><td>Ιβ</td><td>(OR</td><td>OR-</td><td> «0</td><td>σ></td><td>or</td><td> ,_</td><td> 04</td><td>co</td><td>to go</td><td>ua</td><td>(D</td><td>r * ~</td><td>CO</td><td>σι</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td><O</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>(OR</td><td>(OR</td><td>OR</td><td><D</td><td><D</td><td>r-</td><td>r-</td><td>r-</td><td>r-</td><td>r-</td><td>or-</td><td> 0-</td><td> 0-</td><td> 0-</td><td>or-</td>
<td></td><td>g</td><td></td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>CO</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>CO</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td>co</td>
<td></td><td> 0</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance</td><td> * £</td><td>ιΛ</td><td>r-.</td><td>r-.</td><td></td><td> (£></td><td>r-.</td><td></td><td>iO</td><td> 0></td><td> 10</td><td>or</td><td></td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td> -</td><td>CJ or</td><td> -</td><td>or'</td>
<td>TJ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>T3</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td>ω</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td rowspan="2">s</td><td></td><td>t.</td><td></td><td rowspan="2"> 9</td><td></td><td>h-</td><td><M</td><td>co</td><td></td>
<td>C</td><td>AND</td><td><D</td><td>c C4</td><td>Tf 04</td><td>tf> 04</td><td>0Ί</td><td>I heard 04</td><td></td><td>r- '</td><td><D</td><td>CO 04</td><td>ΙΛ</td><td>hey</td><td>fo</td><td>OR</td><td>cj</td><td> *-</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>and Ό</td><td>L</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>co</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>OR</td><td rowspan="2">c or</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> □</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> £</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>s</td><td> £</td><td>C</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>CD</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td> £</td><td>nj</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2 3</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>JZ</td><td>X</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>n</td><td>rt</td><td>n</td><td>n</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>n</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td> 3</td><td></td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>ε</td><td></td><td></td><td>s</td><td> £</td><td> 1</td><td> .1</td><td>s</td><td> £</td><td>s</td><td> .1</td><td> 1</td><td> £</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> 1</td><td> .1</td><td> 1</td><td> £</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td> 5</td><td></td><td> 5</td><td>s</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td> 3</td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td>
<td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td>
<td>φ</td><td></td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td>cj</td><td>cj</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td>cj</td><td>cj</td><td> 8</td><td>OR</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td>or</td><td>OR or</td><td>or</td><td> 8</td>
<td> 3</td><td></td><td> «</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>co</td><td>co</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td>W</td><td></td><td>CL</td><td>I heard</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>ÍL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td><td>CL</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td>co</td><td> £0</td><td>co</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>ώ</td><td>CO</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>Cu</td><td>co</td><td>m</td><td>Cu</td><td>co</td><td>your</td><td>P</td><td>Cu</td><td>ffl</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>fi?</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>G?</td><td><sub>Λ</sub>.</td><td></td><td></td>
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<td></td><td></td><td>i</td><td>ό</td><td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td>ό</td><td>or</td><td> ¿</td><td></td><td></td><td>or</td><td>Q</td><td> ¿</td><td>or</td><td></td><td> 5?</td><td></td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td></td><td>δ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
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<td>Cu</td><td></td><td> & 5</td><td>& •F</td><td>& •F</td><td>zl ΐ</td><td>zl or ΐ</td><td>& •F</td><td>& •F</td><td>& •F</td><td>zl or ΐ</td><td>S two</td><td>& •F</td><td>D two</td><td>& •F</td><td>& •F</td><td>OR S z</td><td> 2</td><td>OR S z</td><td> 3</td>
<td>co</td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>or or</td><td>or</td><td>or or</td><td>or or</td><td>or or</td><td>or</td><td>or or</td><td>or or</td><td>OR</td><td>or or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>s</td>
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<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>ώ</td><td></td><td>m</td><td></td><td></td><td>ώ</td><td>LL</td><td>ώ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>JE</td><td>JE</td><td>Hee</td><td>Hee</td><td>JE</td><td>JE</td><td>JE</td><td>Hee</td><td>£ 0 zl</td><td>JE</td><td>on zl</td><td>JE</td><td>JE</td><td>or Zl</td><td>Φ</td><td>CL OR</td><td>Cl P</td>
<td>Cu co</td><td></td><td>T3 two</td><td>ώ Cu</td><td>5 CO</td><td>Cu</td><td>¿ Cu</td><td>ώ Cu</td><td>5 CO</td><td>(Λ Cu</td><td>¿ Cu</td><td>9 g ID</td><td>05 CO</td><td>9 ID</td><td>05 Cu</td><td>05 CO</td><td>9 ID</td><td>OR or AND or_</td><td>T ID</td><td><£ p Cu</td>
<td>I HEARD</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>JO</td><td></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td> 5</td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td>
<td>AND</td><td>OR OR</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1</td><td></td><td> ?</td><td></td><td> 1</td><td></td><td> $</td><td></td><td> 1</td><td></td><td></td><td> 1</td><td></td><td>or CL</td><td> 1</td><td> 1</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>c</td><td>V</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>a></td><td>T?</td><td><u</td><td>Φ</td>
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<td>Φ</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>'S</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td> 3</td><td>P</td><td>S<sup>1</sup></td><td>P</td><td>S<sup>1</sup></td><td> ?</td><td>IP</td><td>P</td><td> £</td><td> ?</td><td>S<sup>1</sup></td><td>i?</td><td>s-</td><td> £</td><td>i?</td><td>S<sup>1</sup></td><td rowspan="4">3 two fifteen UJ</td><td>S<sup>1</sup></td><td>i?</td>
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<td></td><td>ts</td><td> 73</td><td>You</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td> 73</td><td>You</td><td> 73</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td>You</td><td> 15</td><td> 73</td><td>You</td><td> 15</td><td> 15</td><td>You</td>
<td>g</td><td></td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>UJ</td><td>LU</td><td>you</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> ·&</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> $ & £</td><td></td><td> §</td><td> 8</td><td>B</td><td></td><td> §</td><td></td><td> §</td><td>B</td><td> 8</td><td> §</td><td> §</td><td> 8</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td> §</td><td> $</td><td>B</td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> □</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance</td><td> * £</td><td> -</td><td>Ν '</td><td>σι</td><td> -</td><td>σ></td><td> -</td><td><N</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>fÑ</td><td>or</td><td> -</td><td>Cl</td><td>eo</td><td>Ν '</td><td>r-</td><td>to</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>(B *OR IP £ rg</td><td> £</td><td>eq to *</td><td>! - a</td><td>to «0 CN</td><td>m co</td><td>OR) CN</td><td>to or</td><td> «0 3</td><td>in</td><td>w 8</td><td>you s</td><td> 125.7</td><td>to to</td><td>in rT tN</td><td>ÜC %</td><td>s</td><td>CD r < a</td><td>Ν '</td><td></td>
<td>or</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> £</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> £</td><td>L</td><td>Ό 'or</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td></td>
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<td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Φ</td><td>CQ</td><td>cn</td><td>OR</td><td> 3></td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td> 3></td><td> 3)</td><td>3Q</td><td>CQ</td><td> 3></td><td> 3></td><td> 3></td><td>CQ</td><td>CQ</td><td></td>
<td> (5</td><td>or</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>AND</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td>
<td>Φ £</td><td>or <ü</td><td>Ό</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>z</td><td>ζ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>I</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td>
<td></td><td><ü</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td>AND</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td> £</td><td>AND</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>c</td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td></td>
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<td></td><td>or</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>T3</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>T5</td><td>T5</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>το</td><td>το</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>c</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>Ό</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>•OR</td><td>Ό</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td></td>
<td></td><td rowspan="2">3 (Λ</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Φ</td><td> <5</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>S</td><td>tS</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td>Φ</td><td>Φ</td><td> <5</td><td>Yes</td><td>Yes</td><td></td>
<td></td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>X</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>K</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td>jC</td><td rowspan="3">Yes</td><td></td><td></td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>it is</td><td>it is</td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td>it is</td><td rowspan="2">σ></td><td></td><td>you</td><td>you</td><td></td>
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<td></td><td> <</td><td> 1-</td><td> 0</td><td> £</td><td>CD</td><td>CD</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>ω</td><td>m</td><td>m</td><td>ω</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td>OR_</td><td>.-- X</td><td>IL</td><td>LL</td><td>, Λ.</td><td></td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td>LL</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td>Q</td><td></td><td>Q</td><td></td>
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<td></td><td> 2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
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<td></td><td>Φ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td>OR</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Performance <%> *</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>or • S ΐ; 1 £ c</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Reaction additional**</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>φ « AND « Φ £ S (Z></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Mooring</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>CQ CD</td><td></td><td></td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 1C: Synthesis of Representative Compounds of the Present Disclosure
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<td>Compound</td><td>IP OR tf-</td><td>co n tf-</td><td><O tf-</td><td>00 CO tf-</td><td>cn 1 *> tf-</td><td>OR tf- tf-</td><td>tf- tf-</td><td>CN ςΤ</td><td><0 T T</td><td>tf tf</td><td>IP tf- tf-</td><td>(OR tf- tf-</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (conlin nation)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0028.tif" />
ES 2 646 887 T3
The tables immediately following present the analytical data obtained for compounds 1197, 199-216, 218-230 (Table 2A), compounds 298, 299, 301, 303, 304-403, 405-410, 415, 417, and 430-432 (Table
2B) and compounds 435-449 (Table 2C), determined by LC-MS analysis of the purified products. These compounds were further examined for their ability to interact at the human ghrelin receptor using the biological test procedures described below.
Table 2A: Analytical characterization of representative compounds of the present invention
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 1</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 2</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 3</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 4</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 5</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 6</td><td>C30H39N5O4</td><td> 533,7</td><td> 534</td>
<td> 7</td><td>C28H38N4O5</td><td> 510,6</td><td> 511</td>
<td> 8</td><td>C32H42N4O4</td><td> 546,7</td><td> 547</td>
<td> 9</td><td>C31H42N404</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 10</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 11</td><td>C28H36N4O4</td><td> 492,6</td><td> 493</td>
<td> 12</td><td>C28H45N4O4</td><td> 501,7</td><td> 502</td>
<td> 13</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 14</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 15</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 16</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 17</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 18</td><td>C32H40N4O4</td><td> 544,7</td><td> 545</td>
<td> 19</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 20</td><td>C32H41N404Cl</td><td> 581,1</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 21</td><td>C32H41N404Cl</td><td> 581,1</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 22</td><td>C36H44N4O4</td><td> 596,8</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 23</td><td>C30H41N404Cl</td><td> 557,1</td><td> 557</td>
<td> 24</td><td>C30H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 557,1</td><td> 557</td>
<td> 25</td><td>C30H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 557,1</td><td> 557</td>
<td> 26</td><td>C30H41N4O4F</td><td> 540,7</td><td> 541</td>
<td> 27</td><td>C31H44N4O5</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 28</td><td>C36H46N4O4</td><td> 598,8</td><td> 599</td>
<td> 29</td><td>C36H46N4O4</td><td> 598,8</td><td> 599</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 30</td><td>C34H44N4O4</td><td> 572,7</td><td> 573</td>
<td> 31</td><td>C34H44N4O4</td><td> 572,7</td><td> 573</td>
<td> 32</td><td>C29H41N5O4</td><td> 523,7</td><td> 524</td>
<td> 33</td><td>C27H39N5O4S</td><td> 529,7</td><td> 530</td>
<td> 34</td><td>C28H40N4O4S</td><td> 528,7</td><td> 529</td>
<td> 35</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 36</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 37</td><td>C31H42N4O3</td><td> 518,7</td><td> 519</td>
<td> 38</td><td>C31H44N4O3</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 39</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 40</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 41</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 42</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 43</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 44</td><td>C25H38N4O4</td><td> 458,6</td><td> 459</td>
<td> 45</td><td>C28H40N4O6</td><td> 528,6</td><td> 529</td>
<td> 46</td><td>C28H42N4O4</td><td> 498,7</td><td> 499</td>
<td> 47</td><td>C29H44N4O4</td><td> 512,7</td><td> 513</td>
<td> 48</td><td>C28H42N4O4</td><td> 498,7</td><td> 499</td>
<td> 49</td><td>C22H34N4O4</td><td> 418,5</td><td> 419</td>
<td> 50</td><td>C24H36N4O6</td><td> 476,6</td><td> 477</td>
<td> 51</td><td>C21H32N4O4</td><td> 404,5</td><td> 405</td>
<td> 52</td><td>C25H40N4O4</td><td> 460,6</td><td> 461</td>
<td> 53</td><td>C24H39N5O4</td><td> 461,6</td><td> 462</td>
<td> 54</td><td>C22H34N4O5</td><td> 434,5</td><td> 435</td>
<td> 55</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 56</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 57</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 58</td><td>C30H43N5O5</td><td> 553,7</td><td> 554</td>
<td> 59</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 60</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 61</td><td>C27H36N4O4</td><td> 480,6</td><td> 481</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 62</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 63</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 64</td><td>C34H42N4O4</td><td> 570,7</td><td> 571</td>
<td> 65</td><td>C34H42N4O4</td><td> 570,7</td><td> 571</td>
<td> 66</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 67</td><td>C31H42N4O4</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 68</td><td>C31H45N5O4</td><td> 551,7</td><td> 552</td>
<td> 69</td><td>C31H45N5O4</td><td> 551,7</td><td> 552</td>
<td> 70</td><td>C30H40N4O6</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 71</td><td>C30H40N4O6</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 72</td><td>C26H34N4O4</td><td> 466,6</td><td> 467</td>
<td> 73</td><td>C28H36N4O6</td><td> 524,6</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 74</td><td>C29H41N5O4</td><td> 523,7</td><td> 524</td>
<td> 75</td><td>C32H38N4O4</td><td> 542,7</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 76</td><td>C26H34N4O5</td><td> 482,6</td><td> 483</td>
<td> 77</td><td>C31H36N4O3S</td><td> 544,7</td><td> 545</td>
<td> 78</td><td>C23H34N4O4</td><td> 430,5</td><td> 431</td>
<td> 79</td><td>C29H41N4O4</td><td> 509,7</td><td> 510</td>
<td> 80</td><td>C25H33N4O4</td><td> 453,6</td><td> 454</td>
<td> 81</td><td>C21H33N4O4</td><td> 405,5</td><td> 406</td>
<td> 82</td><td>C23H33N4O3</td><td> 413,5</td><td> 414</td>
<td> 83</td><td>C23H35N4O3</td><td> 415,5</td><td> 416</td>
<td> 84</td><td>C25H33N4O3</td><td> 437,6</td><td> 438</td>
<td> 85</td><td>C26H35N4O3</td><td> 451,6</td><td> 452</td>
<td> 86</td><td>C22H30N5O3S</td><td> 444,6</td><td> 445</td>
<td> 87</td><td>C26H40N4O4</td><td> 472,6</td><td> 473</td>
<td> 88</td><td>C32H44N4OS</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 89</td><td>C34H45N5O4</td><td> 587,8</td><td> 588</td>
<td> 90</td><td>C33H46N4O4</td><td> 562,7</td><td> 563</td>
<td> 91</td><td>C29H47N5O4</td><td> 529,7</td><td> 530</td>
<td> 92</td><td>C28H42N4O6</td><td> 530,7</td><td> 531</td>
<td> 93</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 94</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 95</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 96</td><td>C32H44N4O4</td><td> 548,7</td><td> 549</td>
<td> 97</td><td>C32H44N4O4</td><td> 548,7</td><td> 549</td>
<td> 98</td><td>C32H44N4O4</td><td> 548,7</td><td> 549</td>
<td> 99</td><td>C34H49N5O5</td><td> 607,8</td><td> 608</td>
<td> 100</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 101</td><td>C32H44N4O4</td><td> 548,7</td><td> 549</td>
<td> 102</td><td>C35H42N4O4</td><td> 582,7</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 103</td><td>C32H45N5O4</td><td> 563,7</td><td> 564</td>
<td> 104</td><td>C31H40N4O6</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 105</td><td>C29H38N4O5</td><td> 522,6</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 106</td><td>C27H38N403</td><td> 466,6</td><td> 467</td>
<td> 107</td><td>C30H40N4O3</td><td> 504,7</td><td> 505</td>
<td> 108</td><td>C35H42N4O3S</td><td> 598,8</td><td> 599</td>
<td> 109</td><td>C31H43N5O4</td><td> 549,7</td><td> 550</td>
<td> 110</td><td>C25H39N4O4</td><td> 459,6</td><td> 460</td>
<td> 111</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 112</td><td>C28H37N4O4</td><td> 493,6</td><td> 494</td>
<td> 113</td><td>C32H45N4O4</td><td> 549,7</td><td> 550</td>
<td> 114</td><td>C27H41N4O3</td><td> 469,6</td><td> 470</td>
<td> 115</td><td>C30H41N4O3</td><td> 505,7</td><td> 506</td>
<td> 116</td><td>C30H44N4O6</td><td> 556,7</td><td> 557</td>
<td> 117</td><td>C28H38N4O4</td><td> 494,6</td><td> 495</td>
<td> 118</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 119</td><td>C28H38N4O5</td><td> 510,6</td><td> 511</td>
<td> 120</td><td>C29H40N4O5</td><td> 524,7</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 121</td><td>C28H36N4O4</td><td> 492,6</td><td> 493</td>
<td> 122</td><td>C35H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 615,2</td><td> 615</td>
<td> 123</td><td>C35H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 615,2</td><td> 615</td>
<td> 124</td><td>C35H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 615,2</td><td> 615</td>
<td> 125</td><td>C35H39N4O4F</td><td> 598,7</td><td> 599</td>
<td> 126</td><td>C36H42N4O4</td><td> 594,7</td><td> 595</td>
<td> 127</td><td>C36H42N4O5</td><td> 610,7</td><td> 611</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 128</td><td>C41H44N4O4</td><td> 656,8</td><td> 657</td>
<td> 129</td><td>C41H44N404</td><td> 656,8</td><td> 657</td>
<td> 130</td><td>C39H42N4O4</td><td> 630,8</td><td> 631</td>
<td> 131</td><td>C39H42N4O4</td><td> 630,8</td><td> 631</td>
<td> 132</td><td>C34H39N5O4</td><td> 581,7</td><td> 582</td>
<td> 133</td><td>C34H39N5O4</td><td> 581,7</td><td> 582</td>
<td> 134</td><td>C32H37N5O4S</td><td> 587,7</td><td> 588</td>
<td> 135</td><td>C33H38N4O4S</td><td> 586,7</td><td> 587</td>
<td> 136</td><td>C30H38N4O4</td><td> 518,6</td><td> 519</td>
<td> 137</td><td>C31H40N4O4</td><td> 532,7</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 138</td><td>C32H42N4O4</td><td> 546,7</td><td> 547</td>
<td> 139</td><td>C32H42N4O4</td><td> 546,7</td><td> 547</td>
<td> 140</td><td>C31H40N4O5</td><td> 548,7</td><td> 549</td>
<td> 141</td><td>C30H38N4O5</td><td> 534,6</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 142</td><td>C35H40N4O4</td><td> 580,7</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 143</td><td>C31H40N4O4S</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 144</td><td>C32H46N4O4</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 145</td><td>C32H46N4O4</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 146</td><td>C32H46N4O4</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 147</td><td>C33H48N4O4</td><td> 564,8</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 148</td><td>C33H48N4O4</td><td> 564,8</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 149</td><td>C33H48N4O4</td><td> 564,8</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 150</td><td>C33H48N4O4</td><td> 564,8</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 151</td><td>C29H40N4O5</td><td> 524,7</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 152</td><td>C30H42N4O5</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 153</td><td>C32H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 581,1</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 154</td><td>C32H41N4O4F</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 155</td><td>C33H44N4O4</td><td> 560,7</td><td> 561</td>
<td> 156</td><td>C33H44N4O5</td><td> 576,7</td><td> 577</td>
<td> 157</td><td>C38H46N4O4</td><td> 622,8</td><td> 623</td>
<td> 158</td><td>C38H46N4O4</td><td> 622,8</td><td> 623</td>
<td> 159</td><td>C36H44N4O4</td><td> 596,8</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 160</td><td>C31H41N5O4</td><td> 547,7</td><td> 548</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 161</td><td>C31H41N5O4</td><td> 547,7</td><td> 548</td>
<td> 162</td><td>C31H41N5O4</td><td> 547,7</td><td> 548</td>
<td> 163</td><td>C29H39N5O4S</td><td> 553,7</td><td> 554</td>
<td> 164</td><td>C30H40N4O4S</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 165</td><td>C27H40N4O4</td><td> 484,6</td><td> 485</td>
<td> 166</td><td>C29H44N4O4</td><td> 512,7</td><td> 513</td>
<td> 167</td><td>C29H44N4O4</td><td> 1,0</td><td> 2</td>
<td> 168</td><td>C29H42N4O4</td><td> 510,7</td><td> 511</td>
<td> 169</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 170</td><td>C29H41N5O4</td><td> 523,7</td><td> 524</td>
<td> 171</td><td>C29H41N5O4</td><td> 523,7</td><td> 524</td>
<td> 172</td><td>C25H40N4O4</td><td> 460,6</td><td> 461</td>
<td> 173</td><td>C26H42N4O4</td><td> 474,6</td><td> 475</td>
<td> 174</td><td>C26H42N4O4</td><td> 474,6</td><td> 475</td>
<td> 175</td><td>C27H44N4O4</td><td> 488,7</td><td> 489</td>
<td> 176</td><td>C27H44N4O4</td><td> 488,7</td><td> 489</td>
<td> 177</td><td>C29H41N5O4</td><td> 523,7</td><td> 524</td>
<td> 178</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 179</td><td>C30H42N4O3</td><td> 506,7</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 180</td><td>C31H44N4O3</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 181</td><td>C26H40N4O3</td><td> 456,6</td><td> 457</td>
<td> 182</td><td>C26H42N4O3</td><td> 458,6</td><td> 459</td>
<td> 183</td><td>C27H42N4O3</td><td> 470,6</td><td> 471</td>
<td> 184</td><td>C27H44N4O3</td><td> 472,7</td><td> 473</td>
<td> 185</td><td>C25H38N4O4</td><td> 458,6</td><td> 459</td>
<td> 186</td><td>C26H40N4O4</td><td> 472,6</td><td> 473</td>
<td> 187</td><td>C30H40N4O3</td><td> 504,7</td><td> 505</td>
<td> 188</td><td>C31H42N4O3</td><td> 518,7</td><td> 519</td>
<td> 189</td><td>C31H44N4O3</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 190</td><td>C31H44N4O3</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 191</td><td>C32H44N4O3</td><td> 532,7</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 192</td><td>C32H46N4O3</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 193</td><td>C30H40N4O3</td><td> 504,7</td><td> 505</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 194</td><td>C30H42N4O3</td><td> 506,7</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 195</td><td>C31H42N4O3</td><td> 518,7</td><td> 519</td>
<td> 196</td><td>C31H44N6O4</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 197</td><td>C31H42N4O6</td><td> 566,7</td><td> 567</td>
<td> 199</td><td>C29H36N4O4</td><td> 504,6</td><td> 505</td>
<td> 200</td><td>C31H40N404</td><td> 532,7</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 201</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 202</td><td>C31H42N4O5</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 203</td><td>C33H44N4O4</td><td> 560,7</td><td> 561</td>
<td> 204</td><td>C34H44N4O5</td><td> 588,7</td><td> 589</td>
<td> 205</td><td>C25H40N4O4</td><td> 460,6</td><td> 461</td>
<td> 206</td><td>C31H46N6O5</td><td> 582,7</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 207</td><td>C31H43N5O4</td><td> 549,7</td><td> 550</td>
<td> 208</td><td>C32H42N404</td><td> 546,7</td><td> 547</td>
<td> 209</td><td>C27H44N4O4</td><td> 488,7</td><td> 489</td>
<td> 210</td><td>C34H39N5O4</td><td> 581,7</td><td> 582</td>
<td> 211</td><td>C31H41N5O4</td><td> 547,7</td><td> 548</td>
<td> 212</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 213</td><td>C30H40N4O4S</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 214</td><td>C30H42N4O3</td><td> 506,7</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 215</td><td>C33H48N4O5</td><td> 580,8</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 216</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 218</td><td>C33H42N4O4</td><td> 558,7</td><td> 559</td>
<td> 219</td><td>C32H38N6O4</td><td> 570,7</td><td> 571</td>
<td> 220</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 221</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 222</td><td>C31H42N4O4</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 223</td><td>C31H42N4O4</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 224</td><td>C31H42N4O5</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 225</td><td>C29H38N4O4</td><td> 506,6</td><td> 507</td>
<td> 226</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 227</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 228</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Formula Molecular</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 229</td><td>C31H42N4O4</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 230</td><td>C31H42N4O4</td><td> 534,7</td><td> 535</td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Notes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="4">1. Formulas and molecular weights are automatically calculated from the structure via ActivityBase software (IDBS, Guildford, Surrey, UK).</td>
<td colspan="3">2. The M + H obtained from LC-MS analysis using standard procedures.</td><td></td>
<td colspan="4">3. All analyzes carried out on material after its preparatory purification by the procedures described below.</td>
Table 2B: Analytical characterization of representative compounds of the present invention
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 298</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 299</td><td>C29H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 541,1</td><td> 541</td>
<td> 301</td><td>C35H39N4O5Cl</td><td> 631,2</td><td> 631</td>
<td> 303</td><td>C30H38N4O5</td><td> 534,6</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 305</td><td>C27H40N6O4</td><td> 512,6</td><td> 513</td>
<td> 306</td><td>C28H36N5O4F</td><td> 525,6</td><td> 526</td>
<td> 307</td><td>C25H35N4O4F</td><td> 474,6</td><td> 475</td>
<td> 308</td><td>C29H35N4O4Cl</td><td> 539,1</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 309</td><td>C29H37N4O4F</td><td> 524,6</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 310</td><td>C27H36N4O4S</td><td> 512,7</td><td> 513</td>
<td> 311</td><td>C33H46N4O5</td><td> 578,7</td><td> 579</td>
<td> 312</td><td>C29H37N4O4F</td><td> 524,6</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 313</td><td>C29H37N4O4F</td><td> 524,6</td><td> 525</td>
<td> 314</td><td>C29H36N4O4Cl2</td><td> 575,5</td><td> 575</td>
<td> 315</td><td>C29H36N4O4Cl2</td><td> 575,5</td><td> 575</td>
<td> 316</td><td>C29H36N4O4F2</td><td> 542,6</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 317</td><td>C29H36N4O4F2</td><td> 542,6</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 318</td><td>C29H33N4o4F5</td><td> 596,6</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 319</td><td>C29H37N4O4Br</td><td> 585,5</td><td> 585</td>
<td> 320</td><td>C29H37N4O4I</td><td> 632,5</td><td> 633</td>
<td> 321</td><td>C30H37N5O4</td><td> 531,6</td><td> 532</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 322</td><td>C30H37N4O4F3</td><td> 574,6</td><td> 575</td>
<td> 323</td><td>C31H42N4O6</td><td> 566,7</td><td> 567</td>
<td> 324</td><td>C31H39N5O4</td><td> 545,7</td><td> 546</td>
<td> 325</td><td>C32H41N4O4F</td><td> 564,7</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 326</td><td>C32H41N4O4Br</td><td> 625,6</td><td> 625</td>
<td> 327</td><td>C32H40N4O4F2</td><td> 582,7</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 328</td><td>C33H44N4O5</td><td> 576,7</td><td> 577</td>
<td> 329</td><td>C33H41N5O4</td><td> 571,7</td><td> 572</td>
<td> 330</td><td>C32H40N4O4Cl2</td><td> 615,6</td><td> 616</td>
<td> 331</td><td>C32H40N4O4F2</td><td> 582,7</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 332</td><td>C33H41N4O4F3</td><td> 614,7</td><td> 615</td>
<td> 333</td><td>C30H40N4O4S</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 334</td><td>C30H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 553,1</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 335</td><td>C29H39N4O5F</td><td> 542,6</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 336</td><td>C28H37N4O5F</td><td> 528,6</td><td> 529</td>
<td> 337</td><td>C27H36N5O4F</td><td> 513,6</td><td> 514</td>
<td> 338</td><td>C28H38N5O4F</td><td> 527,6</td><td> 528</td>
<td> 339</td><td>C29H40N5O4F</td><td> 541,7</td><td> 542</td>
<td> 340</td><td>C29H39N4O4FS</td><td> 558,7</td><td> 559</td>
<td> 341</td><td>C33H37N4O4SCl</td><td> 621,2</td><td> 621</td>
<td> 342</td><td>C36H38N5O4Cl</td><td> 640,2</td><td> 640</td>
<td> 343</td><td>C36H41N4O5Cl</td><td> 645,2</td><td> 645</td>
<td> 344</td><td>C30H37N4O5Cl</td><td> 569,1</td><td> 569</td>
<td> 345</td><td>C31H39N4O5Cl</td><td> 583,1</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 346</td><td>C31H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 565,1</td><td> 565</td>
<td> 347</td><td>C33H44N4O5</td><td> 576,7</td><td> 577</td>
<td> 348</td><td>C31H42N4O5</td><td> 550,7</td><td> 551</td>
<td> 349</td><td>C30H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 553,1</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 350</td><td>C28H35N4O4Cl</td><td> 527,1</td><td> 527</td>
<td> 351</td><td>C29H35N4O4Cl</td><td> 539,1</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 352</td><td>C29H35N4O4Cl</td><td> 539,1</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 353</td><td>C31H41N4O3F</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 354</td><td>C29H33N4O4F</td><td> 520,6</td><td> 521</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 355</td><td>C29H36N4O4F2</td><td> 542,6</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 356</td><td>C30H36N4O4F4</td><td> 592,6</td><td> 593</td>
<td> 357</td><td>C30H40N5O6FS</td><td> 617,7</td><td> 618</td>
<td> 358</td><td>C33H43N4O3Cl</td><td> 579,2</td><td> 579</td>
<td> 359</td><td>C34H47N4O4Cl</td><td> 611,2</td><td> 611</td>
<td> 360</td><td>C28H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 533,1</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 361</td><td>C34H4SN4O3Cl</td><td> 593,2</td><td> 593</td>
<td> 362</td><td>C33H45N4O3Cl</td><td> 581,2</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 363</td><td>C29H45N4O3Cl</td><td> 533,1</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 364</td><td>C29H43N4O3Cl</td><td> 531,1</td><td> 531</td>
<td> 365</td><td>C27H41N4O3Cl</td><td> 505,1</td><td> 505</td>
<td> 366</td><td>C28H43N4O3Cl</td><td> 519,1</td><td> 519</td>
<td> 367</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 368</td><td>C33H45N4O4Cl</td><td> 597,2</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 369</td><td>C32H43N4O4Cl</td><td> 583,2</td><td> 583</td>
<td> 370</td><td>C28H43N4O4Cl</td><td> 535,1</td><td> 535</td>
<td> 371</td><td>C34H47N4O3Cl</td><td> 595,2</td><td> 595</td>
<td> 372</td><td>C29H36N4O4F2</td><td> 542,6</td><td> 543</td>
<td> 373</td><td>C29H36N4O4FCl</td><td> 559,1</td><td> 559</td>
<td> 374</td><td>C30H40N5O6FS</td><td> 617,7</td><td> 618</td>
<td> 375</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 376</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 377</td><td>C28H35N4O5F</td><td> 526,6</td><td> 527</td>
<td> 378</td><td>C31H41N4O4F</td><td> 552,7</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 379</td><td>C30H37N4O4F</td><td> 536,6</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 380</td><td>C32H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 581,1</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 381</td><td>C32H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 579,1</td><td> 579</td>
<td> 382</td><td>C32H42N4O4FCl</td><td> 601,2</td><td> 601</td>
<td> 383</td><td>C32H42N4O4FCl</td><td> 601,2</td><td> 601</td>
<td> 384</td><td>C32H42N4O4Cl2</td><td> 617,6</td><td> 617</td>
<td> 385</td><td>C31H42N5O4Cl</td><td> 584,1</td><td> 584</td>
<td> 386</td><td>C33H45N4O4Cl</td><td> 597,2</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 387</td><td>C33H43N4O4Cl</td><td> 595,2</td><td> 595</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 388</td><td>C33H43N4O4Cl</td><td> 595,2</td><td> 595</td>
<td> 389</td><td>C30H37N4O4F</td><td> 536,6</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 390</td><td>C26H40N5O3Cl</td><td> 506,1</td><td> 506</td>
<td> 391</td><td>C29H35N4O4F3</td><td> 560,6</td><td> 561</td>
<td> 392</td><td>C33H45N4O4Cl</td><td> 597,2</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 393</td><td>C27H41N4O5Cl</td><td> 537,1</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 394</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 395</td><td>C31H42N5O4Cl</td><td> 584,1</td><td> 584</td>
<td> 396</td><td>C30H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 553,1</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 397</td><td>C30H37N4O4Cl</td><td> 553,1</td><td> 553</td>
<td> 398</td><td>C25H37N4O4F</td><td> 476,6</td><td> 477</td>
<td> 399</td><td>C33H45N4O4Cl</td><td> 597,2</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 400</td><td>C29H35N4O4F</td><td> 522,6</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 401</td><td>C29H35N4O4F</td><td> 522,6</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 402</td><td>C32H41N4O4Cl</td><td> 581,1</td><td> 581</td>
<td> 403</td><td>C30H40N4O4</td><td> 520,7</td><td> 521</td>
<td> 405</td><td>C30H41N4O4F</td><td> 540,7</td><td> 541</td>
<td> 406</td><td>C30H38N4O4F2</td><td> 556,6</td><td> 557</td>
<td> 407</td><td>C31H43N4O4F</td><td> 554,7</td><td> 555</td>
<td> 408</td><td>C31H42N4O4F2</td><td> 572,7</td><td> 573</td>
<td> 409</td><td>C30H41N4O4F</td><td> 540,7</td><td> 541</td>
<td> 410</td><td>C30H42N4O4</td><td> 522,7</td><td> 523</td>
<td> 415</td><td>C30H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 555,1</td><td> 555</td>
<td> 417</td><td>C29H36N4O4FCl</td><td> 559,1</td><td> 559</td>
<td> 430</td><td>C30H38N4O4FCl</td><td> 573,1</td><td> 573</td>
<td> 431</td><td>C31H44N4O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 432</td><td>C31H43N4O4Cl</td><td> 571,2</td><td> 571</td>
<td>Notes</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="4">1. Formulas and molecular weights are automatically calculated from the structure via ActivityBase software (IDBS, Guildford, Surrey, UK).</td>
<td colspan="3">2. The M + H obtained from LC-MS analysis using standard procedures.</td><td></td>
<td colspan="4">3. All analyzes carried out on material after its preparatory purification by the procedures described below.</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 2C. Analytical characterization of representative compounds of the present invention
<td>Compound</td><td>Molecular formula</td><td>PM calc. (g / mol)</td><td>MS [(M + H) +] found</td>
<td> 435</td><td>C30H39N4O4F</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 436</td><td>C31H40N4O4</td><td> 532,7</td><td> 533</td>
<td> 437</td><td>C32H39N4O4Cl</td><td> 579,1</td><td> 579</td>
<td> 438</td><td>C33H45N4O4Cl</td><td> 597,2</td><td> 597</td>
<td> 439</td><td>C32H39N4O5Cl</td><td> 595,1</td><td> 595</td>
<td> 440</td><td>C37H47N4O5F</td><td> 646,8</td><td> 647</td>
<td> 441</td><td>C33H42N4O6</td><td> 590,7</td><td> 591</td>
<td> 442</td><td>C26H38N4O5</td><td> 486,6</td><td> 487</td>
<td> 443</td><td>C27H40N4O5</td><td> 500,6</td><td> 501</td>
<td> 444</td><td>C29H40N6O4</td><td> 536,7</td><td> 537</td>
<td> 445</td><td>C30H42N4O5</td><td> 538,7</td><td> 539</td>
<td> 446</td><td>C24H35N4O5F</td><td> 478,6</td><td> 479</td>
<td> 447</td><td>C26H39N4O3Cl</td><td> 491,1</td><td> 492</td>
<td> 448</td><td>C29H40N4O4</td><td> 508,7</td><td> 509</td>
<td> 449</td><td>C31H42N5O4Cl</td><td> 584,1</td><td> 584</td>
<td colspan="4">Notes</td>
<td colspan="4">1. Formulas and molecular weights are automatically calculated from the structure via ActivityBase software (IDBS, Guildford, Surrey, UK).</td>
<td colspan="4">2. The M + H obtained from LC-MS analysis using standard procedures.</td>
<td colspan="4">3. All analyzes carried out on material after its preparatory purification by the procedures described below.</td>
D. Determination of Chiral Purity
General procedures for the HPLC determination of stereoisomeric purity were employed according to techniques known to those skilled in the art and were further optimized for the compounds of the present disclosure.
Chiral procedure A: Grad35A-05 (column: Chiralcel AS-RH, 0.46 cm x 15 cm):
1. Isocratic plateau for 40 min at 35% ACN, 65% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
two. Gradient 5 min to 70% ACN, 30% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
3. Isocratic plateau for 10 min at 70% ACN, 30% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
Four. Gradient 5 min to 35% ACN, 65% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
5. Isocratic plateau for 10 min at 35% ACN, 65% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
6. Flow rate: 0.5 ml / min
7. Column temperature: room temperature
8. Sample temperature: room temperature
Chiral procedure B: Grad40A-05 (column: Chiralcel OD-RH. 0.46 cm x 15 cm):
1. Isocratic plateau for 40 min at 40% ACN, 60% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
two. Gradient 5 min to 70% ACN, 30% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
3. Isocratic plateau for 10 min at 70% ACN, 30% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
Four. Gradient 5 min to 40% ACN, 60% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
5. Isocratic plateau for 10 min at 40% ACN, 60% of a 50 mM solution of CH3COONH4 in H2O.
ES 2 646 887 T3
6. Flow rate: 0.5 ml / min
7. Column temperature: room temperature
8. Sample temperature: room temperature
Chiral procedure C: Grad 55A-05 (column: Chiralcel OD-RH, 0.46 cm x 15 cm):
1. 40 min isocratic 55% / 45% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
two. 5 min gradient to 70% / 30% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
3. 10 min isocratic 70% / 30% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
Four. 5 min gradient to 55% / 44% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
5. 10 min isocratic 55% / 45% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
6. Flow rate: 0.5 ml / min
7. Column temperature: room temperature
8. Sample temperature: room temperature
Chiral procedure D: Grad Iso100B 05 (column: Chiralcel OD-RH, 0.46 cm x 15 cm):
1. 40 min isocratic 27% / 73% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
two. 5 min gradient to 70% / 30% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
3. 10 min isocratic 70% / 30% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
Four. 5 min gradient to 27% / 73% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
5. 10 min isocratic 27% / 73% ACN / 50 mM CH3COONH4 in H2O
6. Flow rate: 0.5 ml / min
7. Column temperature: room temperature
8. Sample temperature: room temperature
3. Biological procedures
The compounds of the present disclosure were evaluated for their ability to interact at the human ghrelin receptor using a competitive radioligand binding assay, fluorescence assay, or Aequorin functional assay as described below. Such procedures can be carried out in a high capacity manner to allow simultaneous evaluation of many compounds.
Specific test procedures are known for human (GHS-R1a), porcine and rat GHS receptors (US Patent No. 6,242,199, International Application No. WO 97/21730 and 97/22004), as well as the canine GHS receptor (US Patent No. 6,645,726), and its use for the general identification of agonists and antagonists thereof.
Also described below are appropriate procedures for determining the functional activity of compounds of the present disclosure that interact at the human ghrelin receptor.
A. Radioligand Competitive Binding Assay (Ghrelin Receptor)
The competitive binding assay on the human growth hormone secretagogue receptor (hGHS-R1a) was carried out analogously to the assays described in the literature (Bednarek MA et al. Structure-function studies on the new growth hormone-releasing peptide ghrelin: minimal sequence of ghrelin necessary for activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4370-4376; Palucki, BL et al. Spiro (indoline-3,4'piperidine) growth hormone secretagogues as ghrelin mimetics, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 11, 1955-1957). Materials
Membranes (GHS-R / HEK 293) were prepared from HEK-293 cells stably transfected with the human ghrelin receptor (hGHS-R1a). These membranes were provided by PerkinElmer BioSignal (# RBHGHSM, Lot # 1887) and were used in an amount of 0.71 pg / test point.
1. [<sup>125</sup>I] -Ghrelin (PerkinElmer, # NEX-388); final concentration: 0.0070-0.0085 nM
two. Ghrelin (Bachem, # H-4864); final concentration: 1 pM
3. Multi-Display Culture Plates -GF / C (Millipore, # MAHFC1H60)
Four. Polypropylene Deep Titler Plate (Beckman Coulter, # 267006)
5. TopSeal-A (PerkinElmer, # 6005185)
6. Lower Seal (Millipore, # MATAH0p00)
7. MicroScint-0 (PerkinElmer, # 6013611)
8. Binding buffer solution: 25 mM Hepes (pH 7.4), 1 mM CaCl2, 5 mM MgCL, 2.5 mM EDTA, 0.4% BSA
Test volumes
Competition experiments were carried out in a 300 µl filtration assay format.
1. 220 µl of membranes diluted in the binding buffer.
ES 2 646 887 T3
two. 40 μΙ of the diluted compound in the binding buffer.
3. 40 μΙ radioligand ([<sup>125</sup>l] -Ghrelin) diluted in the binding buffer. Final test concentrations (N = 1) for the compounds of the present disclosure: 10, 1, 0.5, 0.2, 0.1, 0.05, 0.02, 0.01, 0.005, 0.002, 0.001 μΜ.
Treatment of compounds
Compounds were provided frozen on dry ice at a stock concentration of 10 mM diluted in 100% DMSO and stored at -80 ° C until the day of testing. On the day of the test, the compounds were allowed to thaw at room temperature overnight and then diluted in the binding buffer to the desired test concentrations. Under these conditions, the concentration
Final maximum DMSO in the assay was 0.1%.
Trial protocol
In deep well plates, 220 μΙ of diluted cell membranes (final concentration: 0.71 μg / well) were combined with 40 μΙ of any binding buffer (total binding, N = 5), 1 μΜ of ghrelin (binding non-specific, N = 3) or the appropriate concentration of test compound (N = 2 for each test concentration). The reaction was started with the addition of 40 μΙ of [<sup>125</sup>l] -ghrelin (final concentration 0.0070-0.0085 nM) in each well. Plates were sealed with TopSeal-A, lightly shaken, and incubated at room temperature for 30 min. The reaction was stopped by filtering the samples through multiscreen culture plates (previously soaked in 0.5% polyethyleneimine) using a Tomtec Harvester, washed 9 times with 500 μΙ of 50 mM Tris-HCI (pH 7.4, 4 ° C) cold, and then the plates were air dried in a fume hood for 30 min. A bottom stamp was applied to the plates before adding 25 µΙ of MicroScint-0 to each well. The plates were then sealed with TopSeal-A and counted for 30 sec per well in a TopCount microplate scintillation and luminescence counter (PerkinElmer) using a delay time of 60 sec. The results were expressed as counts per minute (cpm).
GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) analyzed the data using a slope nonlinear regression analysis. K, values were calculated using a Kd value of 0.01 nM for [<sup>125</sup>l] -ghrelin (previously determined during membrane characterization). Values were calculated using the following formula:
Dina »- 1 - £ rueba_dc_with ££ ntraction_CQn_des £ maximum_launch ^ viiciilo_no_e5 £ Ccífí £ o_ X 100 total link - non-specific link in which the total link and the non-specific link represent the counts per minute obtained in the absence or presence of 1 μΜ ghrelin , respectively.
The ghrelin receptor binding activity for representative compounds of the present disclosure is shown below, in Tables 3A through 3D. The compound structures for Tables 3A, 3B and 3D are presented with the various groups as defined for the general structure of Formula I. For Tables 3B and 3D, in all entries, m, n and p. are 0; X, Zi and Z<sub>2</sub> is each NH. For Table 3B, Ri is H for all inputs. The ties (T) are illustrated with the linkage to X and Z<sub>2</sub> as indicated. The compounds themselves are shown for Table 3C. Figure 4 shows the competitive binding curves for representative compounds 1, 2, 3, 4, and 25.
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table JA: Human Ghrelin Receptor Binding Activity for Compounds of the Invention
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td> *1</td><td></td><td>TO</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td>TO</td><td> <</td><td></td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td>TO</td><td>TO</td>
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<td> &</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>β</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>β</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td>flí</td><td>s</td><td> £</td><td> ?'</td><td></td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>I heard</td><td> ?</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>AND</td><td>AND</td><td>X</td><td> 7'</td><td> 7'</td><td>í '</td><td></td><td> §</td><td> ?'</td><td></td>
<td>fy</td><td>X z</td><td>¡¥ Z</td><td>X z</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>to z</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 3</td>
<td></td><td>x</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>B</td><td>X</td>
<td> £</td><td>and</td><td>Λ L jt</td><td></td><td></td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td></td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td> 3'</td><td>s'</td><td>£ or</td><td> $</td><td>í</td>
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<td> £</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td> ¥</td><td></td><td>Λ</td><td>Λ</td><td>Λ</td><td> /</td><td> /</td><td>T<sup>1</sup>'</td><td> ¥*</td><td></td><td></td><td> '</td>
<td>AND?</td><td>X</td><td>¿L</td><td>X</td><td>fc I I</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
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<td>i Ξ OR</td><td>T »</td><td>s</td><td>* to</td><td> 3</td><td>to</td><td>s</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td> £¡</td><td>to</td><td>to</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued!
<td></td><td> <</td><td> <</td><td>rt</td><td>Q</td><td>ffl</td><td>rt</td><td>m</td><td>Π</td><td>rt</td><td>rt</td><td>to</td><td>c</td><td>rt</td>
<td>μ</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>0 TO</td><td>TO</td><td>you</td><td></td><td>k</td><td> 2'</td><td>Y</td><td></td>
<td>(í</td><td></td><td>X X</td><td>X X</td><td> £</td><td></td><td>X X</td><td>X X</td><td>3 z</td><td></td><td>X X</td><td>X z</td><td>to? X</td><td>ap z</td>
<td>to</td><td>or</td><td>c *</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td></td><td>D</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>to</td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>B</td><td>B</td><td>X</td><td>B</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>B</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>to</td><td> ?=</td><td> 2</td><td> ?</td><td>TO'</td><td> <?</td><td></td><td> ?</td><td> ?</td><td></td><td> ?</td><td> ?</td><td></td><td> 7</td>
<td>tj</td><td>3? X</td><td>X X</td><td>X</td><td> §</td><td>SF X</td><td>5? X</td><td>X two</td><td>X X</td><td></td><td> ±</td><td> £</td><td></td><td>X Z</td>
<td> 0</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>to</td>
<td>PI</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>B</td><td>X</td>
<td></td><td>í</td><td>δ</td><td> 3</td><td> $</td><td>í</td><td> $</td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td></td><td>δ</td><td>S</td><td>s</td><td>V</td>
<td>ΡΪ</td><td> 5</td><td>S</td><td>í</td><td>g</td><td>s "</td><td></td><td> £</td><td> 6</td><td></td><td>S</td><td>í</td><td>s'</td><td>s</td>
<td>to</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>σ</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>or</td>
<td>to</td><td></td><td> 2'</td><td> 2’</td><td> 1 2</td><td>t two</td><td> 2</td><td></td><td>x<sup>1</sup></td><td></td><td> 2</td><td></td><td> 2'</td><td> 2</td>
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<td>X</td><td> £</td><td> 1 <sup>x</sup>X</td><td>ap X</td><td>ap X</td><td>l</td><td>3? X</td><td>I</td><td>X X</td><td></td><td>X 35</td><td>X X</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
<td>Cmp.</td><td>s 1</td><td>i ñ 1</td><td>K</td><td>to</td><td></td><td>V * • n</td><td></td><td>S</td><td>g</td><td>to</td><td>R</td><td> 3</td><td> 5</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td> *!</td><td> <</td><td>n</td><td> <3</td><td> □</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td> □</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td> 0</td><td>n</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td>tM</td><td> 4</td><td></td><td> / </td><td> » <sub>4</sub>VZI</td><td></td><td>you</td><td>Y</td><td> >1</td><td></td><td>il</td><td>you</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>il</td><td></td>
<td>* JT</td><td>5? Z</td><td>to Z</td><td>to? z</td><td>9 Z</td><td>Z</td><td> %</td><td>ίψ z</td><td>z</td><td>X X</td><td>X ¿</td><td>X z</td><td>sp z</td><td> 9 ¿</td><td></td><td>9 Z</td><td>z</td>
<td>to.</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>α</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td>EC</td><td>aa</td><td> ?</td><td>í</td><td>* T</td><td> 4</td><td> 4 .</td><td>X</td><td>K</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td> 9</td><td>X</td><td> 3</td><td> ?</td><td> 4</td>
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<td>(F</td><td>5? Z</td><td></td><td> 3</td><td> %</td><td>i</td><td> §</td><td>í</td><td>Ϊ</td><td></td><td>l</td><td> 2</td><td> §</td><td>ΐ X</td><td>to z</td><td>l</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>β</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td>φ</td><td> 9</td><td>or</td>
<td></td><td>S</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>s</td><td>X</td><td> 9</td>
<td>fi £ *</td><td>í</td><td>s</td><td>4th</td><td>4th</td><td>4th</td><td>4th</td><td>/ + Yes Λ</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>to</td>
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<td>s</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>and</td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>Cl</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td>
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<td>"F</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td> 1 >-</td><td></td><td>X</td>
<td>X 1</td><td>3! Z</td><td>X z</td><td>9 Z</td><td>to z</td><td> $</td><td>¡¥ z</td><td>X X</td><td>l</td><td> §</td><td>g</td><td></td><td>to X</td><td>sp z</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>sp z</td>
<td>CmpJ</td><td>n *</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td>g</td><td></td><td>w</td><td>01 V</td><td>s</td><td> 3</td><td>α</td><td> 3</td><td>X</td><td>to</td><td>X</td><td>C</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td> *1</td><td>OR</td><td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>σ</td><td>Q</td><td>or</td><td></td><td>α</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or 1</td><td>α</td>
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<td> £</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> ?</td><td>ζ</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td><td> 7</td>
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<td>of</td><td> £</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td> £</td><td> £</td>
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<td> £</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>K</td><td>to</td><td>X X</td><td>sp z</td><td> §</td><td>to X</td><td>sp X</td><td>Sp X</td><td>X X</td><td>= P X</td><td>? X</td><td>X</td><td>X X</td><td>X X</td><td>I</td><td> £</td><td>X X</td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td> *!</td><td>Q</td><td>or</td><td>Q</td><td>Ex</td><td> <3</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>α</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>α</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>Q</td>
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<td>li</td><td></td><td>£ Z</td><td>£ Z</td><td>X Z</td><td>X z</td><td>z</td><td>¡¥ z</td><td>5 z</td><td> 2</td><td>X z</td><td>X ζ</td><td>5 z</td><td>X z</td><td>X ¿</td><td>X z</td>
<td>B.</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td>α</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td>and</td><td> 9</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td>or</td><td> 9</td><td>β</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
<td>rf</td><td> 9</td><td> £</td><td> £</td><td>X</td><td> £</td><td>X</td><td>D</td><td> 9</td><td> 9</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>s</td><td> 7</td>
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<td><s</td><td> £</td><td> 9</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td> £</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>η</td><td>X</td><td>K</td><td>7a</td><td>I s s</td>
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<td>Λ</td><td>r</td><td>F</td><td></td><td></td><td>t</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>1 i-</td><td></td><td> 4</td><td>Λ</td><td> 4</td>
<td>to</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>s</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td>
<td>X</td><td></td><td>? z</td><td>!? Z</td><td>¥ Z</td><td>f z</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td>i</td><td> 2</td><td> ¿</td><td>Sf z</td><td> 2</td><td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 2</td>
<td>Cmp.</td><td></td><td>P</td><td>S</td><td>R</td><td>P</td><td>s</td><td> 8</td><td> 5</td><td>to</td><td>to</td><td>s</td><td>s</td><td> 3</td><td>c</td><td>s</td>
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td> *1</td><td>ΰ</td><td>to</td><td>OR</td><td>CJ</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>OR</td><td>Q</td>
<td> ·-</td><td>to go</td><td></td><td>il</td><td></td><td>il</td><td>il</td><td>il</td><td>il</td><td>í¡</td><td> ? \</td><td>'Y</td><td>í</td><td>> V</td><td>/ \ or</td><td>Z \ t? '</td>
<td></td><td>X Z</td><td>X z</td><td> £</td><td> %</td><td>l</td><td>X z</td><td> %</td><td> $</td><td>l</td><td>ap z</td><td>z</td><td>X</td><td>x X</td><td> £</td><td>sp z</td>
<td></td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>β</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>B</td><td>β</td><td>to</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td><td>or</td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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<td> £</td><td></td><td> /</td><td> /</td><td></td><td> /</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>t v<sup>1</sup></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td></td><td>ra</td><td>or</td><td>faith</td><td>faith</td><td>or</td><td>faith</td><td>OR</td><td>OR</td><td>or</td><td> 4</td><td>or</td>
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ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 3 Bi binding activity at the human ghrellna receptor for representative compounds of the invention
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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102
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
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103
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>3 0 s</td><td>OR</td><td> <</td><td> 0</td><td>υ</td><td>O <</td><td><m</td><td> <</td><td> ' .·</td>
<td>or \</td><td> \ *</td><td> / \ <sup>1</sup></td><td> / \ ’</td><td>l -</td><td></td><td><sup>:</sup>'you</td><td>XM j V</td><td> \ \</td>
<td>iZ \ 1</td><td>ry</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td># i</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>ff R / "* T / t \ J i And f</td>
<td>í τ</td><td>X</td><td>b. / f Vi *</td><td>X</td><td>#vJ</td><td>- X i</td><td>1 ! / ι / X</td><td>b ff VL '</td><td>«1 'kb saw I x ar</td>
<td>X</td><td>z</td><td> 8</td><td>X</td><td> 8</td><td>X</td><td> 8</td><td> 8</td><td>X</td>
<td rowspan="2">X?</td><td rowspan="2">1 or</td><td rowspan="2">X 8</td><td rowspan="2"></td><td rowspan="2">X 8</td><td rowspan="2"> 1 < 1</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td rowspan="2"> 1</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 8</td>
<td>V</td><td></td><td> 1> '</td><td>AND</td><td> <</td><td>k_ '</td><td> 1 $</td><td> <</td><td>AND<sup>1</sup></td>
<td>í - í <sup>s</sup></td><td> §</td><td> ¡5</td><td> 3</td><td>M to</td><td>1 Ϊ</td><td> 5</td><td> 3</td><td>1 3 i</td>
104
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 3C: Human ghrelin receptor binding activity for representative compounds of the invention
<td>Compound</td><td>Structure</td><td>Ki (nM)</td>
<td> 18</td><td>HN ^ A OR</td><td>B</td>
<td> 334</td><td>Hl / you</td><td>B</td>
<td> 349</td><td>hf</td><td>B</td>
105
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Structure</td><td>Ki (nM)</td>
<td> 350</td><td>HNL · Hfí OR</td><td>C</td>
<td> 351</td><td>Me M or</td><td>B</td>
<td> 352</td><td> \ )</td><td>C</td>
106
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Structure</td><td>Ki (nM)</td>
<td> 396</td><td></td><td>B</td>
<td> 397</td><td>TO )</td><td>C</td>
107
ES 2 646 887 T3
Binding Activity at the Human Ghrelin Receptor for Representative Compounds of the Invention
<td>£ a S</td><td>to</td><td> <</td><td>or</td><td>or 1</td><td>OR</td><td>to</td><td>bl</td><td>UJ</td>
<td>™ j ΊΓ * E / 1 <f 1 OR</td><td>OR'</td><td>r * OR</td><td>or</td><td>r <sup>x</sup>OR</td><td>Γ <sup>M f</sup> r ' OR</td><td>/> or</td><td>Γ <sup>M</sup> ( > <7</td><td></td>
<td>BÍ *</td><td><sup>1</sup></td><td> -2</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td>/ C)</td><td> ( )</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>or</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>1 faith 1</td>
<td> £ §</td><td>g</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>g</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td> 1</td>
<td>£ x</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td> * 8</td><td>g</td><td> 0</td><td> 1 0</td><td></td><td></td><td>l 0</td><td>THE</td><td></td>
<td>£> TO</td><td>λ</td><td> 1</td><td></td><td>i</td><td> 3</td><td>í</td><td>í</td><td></td>
<td></td><td>X</td><td> 0</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td>
<td>Φ r <sup>3</sup> £</td><td> 9</td><td> §</td><td> (0 9</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> !</td><td> 5</td>
108
ES 2 646 887 T3
<td>iu, yes</td><td>UI</td><td>Phew</td><td>ÜJ</td><td colspan="2">year</td><td>or</td><td>to</td><td>OR</td><td colspan="2"> 1</td>
<td>r <sup>x</sup>i \ / <\ / c></td><td></td><td> / \ ></td><td></td><td>* J <sup>1</sup></td><td>S</td><td></td><td></td><td>i X li <sup>1</sup>or</td><td>j JL X f r \ iF</td><td></td>
<td>L</td><td></td><td> <7'</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>cT</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>£ z</td><td>c. faith ε</td><td>X</td><td>or i</td><td> / <sup>1</sup> \ Y/</td><td>or</td><td>c. faith £</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>1 or TO UJ</td>
<td>£ x</td><td> 1</td><td>X</td><td> 1</td><td> §</td><td>s</td><td>faith 1</td><td>X</td><td> 3</td><td>X</td><td>or s</td>
<td>ύ</td><td></td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>D to D ¡¿</td>
<td> 1</td><td></td><td>π</td><td></td><td>δ</td><td> 3</td><td></td><td> 1 0</td><td>X</td><td> 1</td><td>il 1 or F i <sup>m</sup>5" B 5 AND? Sg O Yes</td>
<td> '1</td><td></td><td> 7</td><td></td><td>i</td><td>λ</td><td></td><td>í </td><td></td><td>ii</td><td>H í | SB •H.H eleven 1"</td>
<td>£ i</td><td></td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td></td><td>X</td><td>X</td><td>1 X</td><td>at £ * 1 B Φ 5 ® - "c | 5 3 " you ü C</td>
<td>I g L</td><td>TO 3</td><td> 3</td><td>i</td><td> 3</td><td> £</td><td>i</td><td> 3</td><td> 3</td><td> 5</td><td>- -S • 3 ε 1</td>
109
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 3E: Human ghrelin receptor binding activity for representative compounds of the disclosure
<td>Compound</td><td>Ki</td>
<td><sup>p</sup>h I heard<sup>hn</sup>\ 220</td><td>D</td>
<td> , <sup>0</sup> AND<sup>ph</sup>, Ν Η 1 ° W <sup>HN</sup>> ''''OR 221</td><td>C</td>
<td>oz "<sup>1</sup>οΛ-γ τα and ¥) 222</td><td>D</td>
110
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
Compound
Ki
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0033.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0034.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0035.tif" />
111
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
Compound
Ki
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0036.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0037.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0038.tif" />
112
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound</td><td>Ki</td>
<td>° r<sup>Ph</sup> 229</td><td>B</td>
<td>Ph O = Wi-V 230</td><td>C</td>
<td>230 diastereomer</td><td>D</td>
<td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="2">Binding activity determined using standard procedure, expressed as follows: A = 0.1-10 nM; B = 10-100 nM; C = 0.1-1.0 µΜ; D = 1-10 µΜ; E> 500 nM (the highest concentration tested); F> 1 µΜ (the highest concentration tested); G> 10 μM (or no activity at the highest concentration tested)</td>
B. Aequorin Functional Assay (Ghrelin Receptor)
The functional activity of compounds of the disclosure that bind to the GHS-Ria receptor can be determined using the procedure described below, which can also be used as a primary screen for ghrelin receptor activity in a high-throughput manner (LePoul, E .; et al. Adaptation of aequorin functional assay to high throughput screening, J. Biomol. Screen. 2002, 7, 57-65; Bednarek, MA; et al. Structurefunction studies on the new growth hormone-releasing peptide ghrelin: minimal sequence of ghrelin necessary for activation of growth hormone secretagogue receptor 1a, J. Med. Chem. 2000, 43, 4370-4376; Palucki, BL; et al. Spiro (indoline-3,4'-piperidine) growth hormone secretagogues as ghrelin mimetics, Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2001,
11, 1955-1957).
Materials
Membranes were prepared using AequoScreen ™ cell lines (EUROSCREEN, Belgium) expressing the human ghrelin receptor (ES-410-A cell line; receptor adhesion # 60179). This cell line is typically constructed by transfecting the human ghrelin receptor into CHO-K1 cells by co-expressing Ga16 and the mitochondrially defined aequorin (Ref. No. ES-WT-A5).
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ES 2 646 887 T3
1. Ghrelin (reference agonist; Bachem, # H-4864)
two. Assay Buffer: DMEM (Dulbecco's Eagle's Modified Medium) containing 0.1% BSA (Bovine Serum Albumin; pH 7.0).
3. Coelenterazine (Molecular Probes, Leiden, The Netherlands).
Final test concentrations (N = 8) for compounds of the disclosure: 10, 1, 0.3, 0.1, 0.03, 0.01, 0.003, 0.001 µΜ.
Compound handling
Stock solutions of compounds (10 mM in 100% DMSO) were provided frozen on dry ice and stored at -20 ° C before use. From the matrix solutions the stock solutions were made at a concentration of 500 μΜ by 20-fold dilution in 26% DMSO. Assay plates were then prepared by appropriate dilution in DMEM medium containing 0.1% BSA. Under these conditions, the maximum final DmSo concentration in the assay was <0.6%.
Cell Preparation
AequoScreen ™ cells were harvested from Ca-free phosphate buffered saline (PBS) culture plates.<sup>2+</sup> and Mg<sup>2+</sup> supplemented with 5 mM EDTA, agglomerated for 2 min at 1000X g, resuspended in DMEM-Ham's F12 with 0.1% BSA at a density of 5 x 10<sup>6</sup> cells / ml, and incubated overnight in the presence of 5 µΜ of coelenterazine. After loading, cells were diluted with assay buffer to a concentration of 5 x 10<sup>5</sup> cells / ml.
Test protocol
For the agonist test, 50 µl of cell suspension was mixed with 50 µl of test compound or ghrelin (reference agonist) of the appropriate concentration in 96-well plates (duplicate samples). Ghrelin (reference agonist) was tested at different concentrations at the same time as the test compounds in order to validate the experiment. Light emission resulting from receptor activation was recorded using the FDSS 6000 Functional Drug Screening System 6000 (Hamamatsu Photonics KK, Japan).
Analysis and expression of results
The results were expressed as Relative Light Units (RLU). Concentration response curves were analyzed using GraphPad Prism (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA) by non-linear regression analysis (sigmoidal dose response) based on the equation E = Emax / (1 + CEsü / C) n where E is the RLU value measured at a given agonist concentration (C), Emax is the maximum response, CEs0 is the concentration that produces 50% stimulation, and n is the slope index. For the agonist test, the results for each concentration of the test compound were expressed as a percentage of activation relative to the ghrelin-induced signal at a concentration equal to the EC80 (ie 3.7 nM). CEs0, slope and% Emax values are presented.
The data shows that the representative compounds examined act as agonists at the ghrelin receptor and lack antagonistic activity at the concentrations studied. Furthermore, these compounds were shown to have high selectivity for the ghrelin receptor against its closest homologue, the motilin receptor, with which it has 52% sequence homology (Feighner, SD; Tan, CP; McKee, KK; Palyha, OC; Hreniuk, DL; Pong, S.-S .; Austin, CP; Figueroa, D .; MacNeil, D .; Cascieri, MA; Nargund, R .; Bakshi, R .; Abramovitz, M .; Stocco , R .; Kargman, S .; O'Neill, G .; van der Ploeg, LHT; Evans, J .; Patchett, AA; Smith, RG; Howard, AD Receptor for motilin identified in the human gastrointestinal system, Science, 1999, 284, 218421880). The endogenous peptides themselves have 36% residues in common and ghrelin was even identified at one time as a motilin-related peptide (Tomasetto, C .; Karam, SM; Ribieras, S .; Masson, R .; Lefebvre, O .; Staub, A .; Alexander, G .; Chenard, MP; Rio, MC Identification and characterization of a novel gastric peptide hormone: the motilin-related peptide, Gastroenterology, 2000, 119, 395-405). Ghrelin does not interact appreciably at the motilin receptor, although GHRP-6 does (Depoortere, I .; Thijs, T .; Thielemans, L .; Robberecht, P .; Peeters, TL Interaction of the growth hormone-releasing peptides ghrelin and growth hormonereleasing peptide-6 with the motilin receptor in the rabbit gastric antrum, J. Pharmacol. Exp.Ther. 2003, 305, 660667). On the other hand, motilin itself has been shown to have some GH releasing effects (Samson, WK; Lumpkin, MD; Nilaver, G .; McCann, SM Motilin: a novel growth hormone releasing agent, Brain Res. Bull. 1984 , 12, 57-62).
Table 4 shows the level of agonist activity and selectivity for representative compounds of the disclosure. The concentration-response results for exemplary compounds 1-5 are presented in Figure 5.
114
ES 2 646 887 T3
Table 4: Human ghrelin receptor functional assay and selectivity results
<td>Compound<sup>to</sup></td><td>K1 (nM) *</td><td>EC50 (np) **</td><td>Selectivity<sup>13</sup></td>
<td> 1</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td> 142/1</td>
<td> 2</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 3</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 4<sup>g</sup></td><td>B<sup>c</sup></td><td>AA</td><td> 3012/1</td>
<td> 5</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 6</td><td>C</td><td>AA</td><td> 71/1</td>
<td> 7</td><td>C</td><td>AA</td><td> >100/1</td>
<td> 8<sup>F</sup></td><td>B<sup>d</sup></td><td>AA</td><td> 200/1</td>
<td> 9<sup>g</sup></td><td>C<sup>c</sup></td><td>BB</td><td> 117/1</td>
<td> 10<sup>F</sup></td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 304/1</td>
<td> 11<sup>F</sup></td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 15</td><td>TO</td><td>nd</td><td> >1700/1</td>
<td> 16</td><td>TO</td><td>nd</td><td> >2000/1</td>
<td> 17</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 2500/1</td>
<td> 18</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 222/1</td>
<td> 19</td><td>C</td><td>nd</td><td> >1700/1</td>
<td> 20</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 1044/1</td>
<td> 21</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 1078/1</td>
<td> 23</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 30,000/1</td>
<td> 24</td><td>TO</td><td>nd</td><td> 3039/1</td>
<td> 25</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 28,000/1</td>
<td> 26</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> >7700/1</td>
<td> 27<sup>and</sup></td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> >7100/1</td>
<td> 28</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 30</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 13,000/1</td>
<td> 31</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 4900/1</td>
<td> 34</td><td>B</td><td>nd</td><td> >1000/1</td>
<td> 35</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 36</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td>37th</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> >800/1</td>
<td>37b</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 38</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
115
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound<sup>3</sup></td><td>Kt (nM) *</td><td>EC50 (np) **</td><td>Selectivity<sup>13</sup></td>
<td> 39<sup>F</sup></td><td>TO</td><td>BB</td><td> 3400/1</td>
<td> 40</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> >3300/1</td>
<td> 42</td><td>TO</td><td>nd</td><td> 4300/1</td>
<td> 43</td><td>B</td><td>nd</td><td> 3700/1</td>
<td> 47</td><td>C</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 97</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 111</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 113<sup>g</sup></td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 140</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 141</td><td>C</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 153</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 154</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 156</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 168</td><td>C</td><td>DC</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 170</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 176</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 105/1</td>
<td> 177</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> >100/1</td>
<td> 178</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td>184a</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td> 28/1</td>
<td>184b</td><td>C °</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 186</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 191</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 192</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 193</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td>194a</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td>194b</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 195</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 197</td><td>C</td><td>DC</td><td> 100/1</td>
<td> 214</td><td>C</td><td>BB</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 226</td><td>B</td><td>DC</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 298</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 3100/1</td>
<td> 299</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td>306a</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 714/1</td>
116
ES 2 646 887 T3 (continued)
<td>Compound<sup>to</sup></td><td>K1 (nM) *</td><td>EC50 (np) **</td><td>Selectivity<sup>13</sup></td>
<td> 311</td><td>B</td><td>nd</td><td> 21/1</td>
<td> 314</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> >5500/1</td>
<td> 318</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 322</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 334</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 346/1</td>
<td>345a</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> >159/1</td>
<td> 346</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 351</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 450/1</td>
<td> 354</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td>358a</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 363</td><td>C</td><td>nd</td><td> 35/1</td>
<td> 367</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td>368a</td><td>TO</td><td>DC</td><td>nd</td>
<td> 372</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 2500/1</td>
<td> 374</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td> 250/1</td>
<td> 382</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td> 74/1</td>
<td> 388</td><td>TO</td><td>AA</td><td> 400/1</td>
<td>389a</td><td>B</td><td>BB</td><td> 450/1</td>
<td> 394</td><td>TO</td><td>BB</td><td> 1700/1</td>
<td>399a</td><td>TO</td><td>DC</td><td> 300/1</td>
<td> 445</td><td>B</td><td>AA</td><td>nd</td>
<td colspan="3"><sup>to</sup> All compounds were tested as TFA salts unless otherwise indicated.</td><td></td>
<td colspan="2"><sup>b</sup>Against human motilin receptor nd = not determined)</td><td></td><td></td>
<td><sup>c</sup> Average of six (6) experiments</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><sup>d</sup> Average of four (4) experiments</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><sup>and</sup> Average of two (2) experiments</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><sup>F</sup> HCl salt</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td><sup>g</sup> Formate salt</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td></td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
<td colspan="4">* The binding activity determined using a standard procedure and expressed as A = 0.1-10 nM; B = 10100 nM; C = 100- 1000 nM</td>
<td colspan="4">** Functional activity determined using a standard procedure and expressed as AA = 1-100 nM; BB = 100-1000 nM; CC> 1000 nM;</td>
<td>na = not determined</td><td></td><td></td><td></td>
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C. Cell Culture Assay for Growth Hormone Release
Cell culture assays can be used to determine growth hormone release as described in Cheng, et al. Endocrinology, 1989, 124, 2791-2798. In particular, anterior pituitary glands are obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats and placed in cold culture medium. These pituitaries are sectioned, for example, into one-eighth sections and then digested with trypsin. Cells are harvested after digestion, pooled, and transferred to 24-well plates (minimum 200,000 cells per well). After a monolayer of cells has formed, generally after at least 4 days in culture, these cells are washed with medium prior to exposure to test samples and controls. Various concentrations of test compounds and ghrelin were added to the medium as a positive control. The cells are left for 15 min at 37 ° C, then the medium is removed and the cells are frozen. The amount of GH release was measured using a standard radioimmunoassay as known to those of skill in the art.
D. Pharmacokinetic Analysis of Representative Compounds of the Disclosure
The pharmacokinetic behavior of the compound of the disclosure can be established by procedures well known to those skilled in the art (Wilkinson, GR Pharmacokinetics: The Dynamics of Drug Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination in Goodman & Gilman's The i Basis of Therapeutics, 10<sup>to</sup> Edition, Hardman, JG; Limbird, LE, Eds., McGraw Hill, Columbus, OH, 2001, Chapter 1). The following procedure was employed to investigate the pharmacokinetic parameters (elimination half-life, total plasma clearance, etc.) for intravenous, subcutaneous, and oral administration of the compounds of the present disclosure. Plasma collection
Rats: male, Sprague-Dawley (~ 250 g)
Rats / Treatment group: 6 (2 subgroups of 3 rats each, alternate blood)
Each test compound sample was shipped in solution in a formulation (as with cyclodextrin) appropriate for dosing. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that appropriate modifications can be made to this protocol when required to properly analyze the properties of the compound to be tested.
Typical dose
1. Intravenous (iv): 2 mg / kg
two. Subcutaneous (sc): 2 mg / kg
3. Oral (po): 8 mg / kg
Table 5: Representative schedule of intravenous blood samples.
<td></td><td colspan="2">Time (min.)</td><td colspan="8">related to dose administration</td>
<td>Subgroup ID</td><td>Pre-dose</td><td> 1</td><td> 5</td><td> 20</td><td> 60</td><td> 90</td><td> 120</td><td> 180</td><td> 240</td><td> 300</td>
<td>Subgroup A</td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td>
<td>Subgroup B</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td>
Table 6: Representative pattern of subcutaneous and oral blood samples.
<td></td><td colspan="2">Time (my</td><td colspan="8">n.) relative to dose administration</td>
<td>Subgroup ID</td><td>Pre-dose</td><td> 5</td><td> 15</td><td> 30</td><td> 60</td><td> 90</td><td> 120</td><td> 180</td><td> 270</td><td> 360</td>
<td>Subgroup A</td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td>
<td>Subgroup B</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td><td></td><td>λ /</td>
Plasma collection
1. Same protocol for all dosage groups.
two. For each group, 2 subgroups (A and B) of 3 rats / subgroup
At the time intervals mentioned above, 0.7 ml of blood was collected from each animal. This volume of blood is expected to produce a sample of at least 0.3 ml of plasma. EDTA was used as an anticoagulant for the collection of whole blood. Whole blood samples were cooled and processed
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Plasma samples were stored frozen (-70 ° C) until analysis. An analytical detection of the parent compound in the plasma samples was carried out by LC-MS following an appropriate preparation protocol: extraction using solid phase extraction cartridges (SPE) (Oasis MCX, Oasis HLB) or liquid-liquid extraction.
HPCL-EM procedure
Column: Waters Atlantis dC18 2.1 x 30mm
Mobile phases:
A: 95% MeOH, 5% water, 0.1% TFA B: 95% water, 5% MeOH, 0.1% TFA Flow rate: 0.5 ml / min
Gradient (linear):
<td>Time (min)</td><td>TO</td><td>B</td>
<td> 0</td><td> 30 %</td><td> 70 %</td>
<td> 0,5</td><td> 30 %</td><td> 70 %</td>
<td> 2,8</td><td> 100 %</td><td> 0%</td>
<td> 3,8</td><td> 100 %</td><td> 0%</td>
<td> 4,0</td><td> 30 %</td><td> 70 %</td>
<td> 5,0</td><td> 30 %</td><td> 70 %</td>
The analyte was quantified based on a standard curve and the procedure was validated with internal standards.
Table 7. Pharmacokinetic Parameters for Representative Compounds of the Disclosure
<td>Compound</td><td>Administration Mode<sup>3</sup></td><td>Elimination (ti / 2, min)</td><td>Clearing (ml / min / kg)</td><td>Bioavailability (oral)<sup>b</sup></td>
<td> 25</td><td>iv</td><td> 31</td><td> 67</td><td>na</td>
<td> 298</td><td>iv</td><td> 75</td><td> 17</td><td>na</td>
<td> 298</td><td>sc</td><td> 66</td><td> 15</td><td>na</td>
<td> 298</td><td>po</td><td> 312</td><td> 14</td><td> 29 %</td>
<td colspan="5"><sup>to</sup> iv = intravenous (10 time points over 150 min); sc = subcutaneous (10 time points over 360 min), po = oral (10 time points over 240 min)<sup>b</sup> na = not applicable</td>
Figures 6A-6D provide the results of the time courses for these studies.
E. Gastric emptying
In order to examine the effects of the compounds of the disclosure in a model for gastroparesis, the compounds were evaluated for possible effects on gastric emptying in fasting rats. For example, compounds 25 and 298 at 100 pg / kg caused a significant decrease (> 30%) in gastric emptying relative to the binder control group. The relative efficacy (39% increase) of compounds 25 and 298 at 100 pg / kg iv was similar to the reference agents that work positively simultaneously GHRP-6 at 20 pg / kg iv (40% increase) and metoclopramide at 10 mg / kg iv (41% increase). Consequently, compounds 25 and 298 at a dose of 100 pg / kg demonstrated gastrokinetic activity in rats, with an efficiency similar to GHRP-6 at 20 pg / kg and metoclopramide at 10 mg / kg. In addition, compound 25 also demonstrated gastric emptying at 30 pg / kg. This is considerably more potent than other compounds that interact at this receptor that have previously been shown to increase gastrointestinal motility, which were not able to promote gastric emptying at 100 pg / kg (US Patent No. 6,548,501).
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Test substances and dosing standards
GHRP-6 and test samples were dissolved in 9% HPBCD / 0.9% NaCl medium. Immediately after oral administration of methylcellulose (2%) containing phenol red (0.05%) (2 ml / rat), the test substances or the medium (9% HPBCD / 0.9% NaCl) were administered intravenously (iv) at a dosage volume of 5 ml / kg.
Animals
LASCO (A Charles River Licensee Corporation, Taiwan) provided male Wistar rats. The space allocated for 6 animals was 45 x 23 x 15 cm. The animals were housed in APEC® cages and kept in an environment at a temperature (22 ° C - 24 ° C) and with a humidity (60% - 80%) controlled with cycles of 12 h of light, 12 h of darkness. for at least a week in the laboratory before being used. Standard laboratory rat food (Lab Diet, Rodent Diet, PMI Nutrition International, USA) and drinking water were freely available. All aspects of this work including housing, testing, and disposal of animals were carried out in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals (National Academy Press, Washington, DC, 1996).
Chemical products
Glucose (Sigma, United States), Metoclopramide-HCl (Sigma, United States), Methylcellulose (Sigma, United States), NaOH (sodium hydroxide, Wako, Japan), pyrogen-free saline (Astar, Taiwan), phenol red sodium salt (Sigma, United States) and trichloroacetic acid (Merck, United States).
equipment
8-well strip (Costar, United States), 96-well plate (Costar, United States), animal box (ShinTeh, RO C.), centrifugal separator (Kokusan, H-107, Japan), glass syringe (1 ml, 2 ml, Mitsuba, Japan), hypodermic needle (25G x 1, TOP Corporation, Japan), microtube (Treff, Switzerland) , pH meter (Hanna, United States), Pipetman (P100, Gilson, France), pipette tips (Costar, United States), rat oral needle (Natsume, Japan), Spectra Fluor plus (Austria), stainless steel scissors ( Klappencker, Germany) and stainless steel forceps (Klappencker, Germany).
Test
Test substances were each administered intravenously to a group of 5 male Wistar rats fasting overnight and weighing 200 ± 20 g immediately after oral administration of methylcellulose (2%) with phenol red (0.05%). to 2 ml / animal. The animals were sacrificed 15 minutes later. The stomach was immediately removed, homogenized in 0.1 N NaOH (5 ml) and centrifuged. Following the precipitation of proteins by 20% trichloroacetic acid (0.5 ml) and the realization of the supernatant with 0.1 N NaOH, the total phenol red remaining in the stomach was determined by a colorimetric procedure at 560 nm. An increase of 30% or more (> 30%) in gastric emptying, found as the decrease in the concentration of phenol red in the stomach in relation to the binder control group, is considered significant.
Figure 7 and the examples shown below show the results for two representative compounds of the disclosure.
F. Gastric emptying and intestinal transit in a postoperative ileus model in a rat
This clinically relevant model for postoperative ileus is adapted from that of Kalff (Kalff, JC; Schraut, WH; Simmons, RL; Bauer, AJ Surgical manipulation of the gut elicits an intestinal muscularis inflammatory response resulting in postsurgical ileus, Ann. Surg. 1998, 228, 652-663). Other known models can also be used to study the effect of the disclosed compounds (Trudel, L .; Bouin, M .; Tomasetto, C .; Eberling, P .; St-Pierre, S .; Bannon, P .; L'Heureux, MC; Poitras, P. Two new peptides to improve posoperative gastric ileus in dog, Peptides, 2003, 24, 531-534; (b) Trudel, L .; Tomasetto, C .; Rio, MC; Bouin, M .; Plourde, V .; Eberling, P .; Poitras, P. Ghrelin / motilin-related peptide is a potent prokinetic to reverse gastric posoperative ileus in rats, Am. J. Physiol. 2002, 282, G948-G952).
Animals
1. Rat, Sprague-Dawley, male, ~ 300 g.
two. Fasting all night before the study.
Postoperative ileus induction (POI)
1. Isoflurane anesthesia under sterile conditions.
two. Midline abdominal incision.
3. The intestines and cecum were gutted and kept moist with saline.
Four. The intestines and cecum were manipulated along its entire length with cotton swabs.
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5. The intestines were carefully repositioned in the abdomen and the abdominal wound was sewn under sterile conditions.
Dosage
1. The rat was allowed to recover from Isoflurane anesthesia.
two. Test compounds (or media) were administered intravenously through a previously implanted jugular catheter.
3. Immediate intragastric gavage of methylcellulose (2%) labeled with radioactive Te, t = 0.
Experimental
1. At t = 15 mln, the animal was euthanized with CO2.
two. Stomach and 10 cm sections along the small intestine were immediately ligated, cut, and placed in tubes for measurement of <sup>99m</sup>Tc in gamma spectrometer.
3. Gastric emptying and small intestine transit were measured by calculating the geometric mean.
Geometric mean = £ (% total radioactivity X segment number) / 100
The results are depicted in the graph of Figure 8 and indicate that Compound 298 at 100 pg / kg (Iv n = 5) significantly improves postoperative ileus compared to POI + binder treated rats. More results are presented in the Examples Included below.
G. Growth hormone response to test compounds
The compounds of the disclosure can be tested in the same way in different animal models for their effect on GH release. For example, rats (Bowers, CY; Momany, F .; Reynolds, GA; Chang, D .; Hong,
TO. ; Chang, K. Endocrinology, 1980, 106, 663-667), dogs (Hlckey, G .; Jacks, T .; Judlth, F .; Taylor, J .; Schoen, WR; Krupa, D .; Cunnlngham, P. ; Clark, J .; Smlth, RG Endocrinology, 1994, 134, 695-701; Jacks, T .; Hlckey, G .; Judlth, F .; Taylor, J .; Chen, H .; Krupa, D .; Feeney , W .; Schoen, WR; Ok, D .; Flsher, M .; Wyvratt, M .; Smlth, RJ Endocrinology, 1994, 143, 399-406; Hlckey, GJ; Jacks, TM; Schlelm, KD; Frazler, E .; Chen, HY; Krupa, D .;
Feeney, W .; Nargund, RP; Patchett, AA; Smlth, RGJ Endocrinol. 1997, 152, 183-192), and pigs (Chang, CH; Rlckes, EL; Marslllo, F .; McGuIre, L .; Cosgrove, S .; Taylor, J .; Chen, HY; Felghner, S .; Clark , JN; Devlta, R .; Schoen, WR; Wyvratt, M .; Flsher, M .; Smlth, RG; Hlckey, G. Endocrinology, 1995, 136, 1065-1071; (b) Peschke,
B.; Hanse, BS Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 1999, 9, 1295-1298) have been used successfully for the in vivo study of the effects of GHS and it would be applicable in the same way for the Investigation of the effect of ghrellna agonists on GH levels. Measurement of GH levels in plasma after appropriate administration of the compounds of the disclosure can be carried out using radionuclide immunoassay through standard procedures known to those skilled in the art (Deghenghl, R .; et al. Life Sciences 1994 , 54, 1321-1328). Tissue binding can be studied using whole body autoradlography after administering to an animal a dose of a test substance that contains a radioactive label (Ahnfelt-Renne, I .; Nowak, J .; Olsen, UB
Do growth hormone-releaslng peptides act as ghrelln secretagogues? Endocrine, 2001, 14, 133-135).
The following procedure is used to determine the temporal pattern and magnitude of growth hormone (GH) response to test compounds, administered systematically or centrally. The results for compound 298 demonstrating its lack of effect on GH release are graphically presented in Figure 9. Compound 25 gave similar results. More details are presented in the following examples.
Dosing and sampling procedures for in vivo studies of GH release
Adult male Sprague Dawley rats (225-300 g) were purchased from Charles Rlver Cañada (St. Constant, Canada) and housed individually on a 12-h light, 12-h dark cycle (lights on, time: 0600-1800 ) in a room with controlled temperature (22 ± 1 ° C) and humidity. Rat food was freely available
Purina (Ralston Purina Co., St. Louls, MO) and drinking water. For these studies, chronic and intracardiac intracerebroventricular (¡cv) venous cannulas were implanted under sodium pentobarbtal anesthesia (50 mg / kg, ¡p) using known techniques. The placement of the ¡cv cannula was verified both by a positive response to the taking of the Carbachol Injection ¡cv (100 ng / 10 pl) the day after surgery as well as to the blue methane stain at the time of sacrifice. After surgery, rats were placed in isolated chambers with food and water until body weight returned to preoperative levels (usually 5-7 d). During this time, the rats were treated daily to minimize any stress associated with the treatment on the day of the experiment. On the day of the test, the food was removed 1.5 h before starting the sampling and returned at the end. Free-moving rats were injected intravenously with a test sample at various levels (3, 30, 300, 1000 pg / kg) or normal saline at two different times during a 6 hour sampling period. The hours were chosen
1100 and 1300 because they reflect peak and trough periods, typical of GH secretion, as previously documented. Human ghrellin peptide (5 pg, Phoenlx Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Belmont, CA) was used as a control.
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ES 2 646 887 T3 positive in the experiments and was diluted in physiological saline before use. In order to assess the central actions of the test compounds on pulsatile GH release, a 10-fold lower dose of the test sample was administered icv in normal saline at the same time points, 1100 and 1300. Samples of blood (0.35 ml) every 15 min throughout the 6 hour sampling period (hour: 1000-1600) from all animals. In order to document the rapidity of GH response to the test compound, an additional blood sample was obtained 5 min after each injection. All blood samples were centrifuged immediately, and plasma was separated and stored at -20 ° C for later GH assay. To avoid hemodynamic disturbances, the red cells were resuspended in physiological saline and returned to the animal after the next blood sample was drawn. All animal studies were carried out according to procedures approved by an animal welfare oversight committee.
GH Assay Procedure
Plasma GH concentrations were measured in duplicate by double antibody radioimmunoassay (RIA) using materials supplied by the NIDDK Hormone Distribution Program (Bethesda, MD). Mean plasma GH values for 5-6 rats per group are presented in terms of the rat GH reference preparation. The standard curve was linear within the scope of interest. The lowest detectable plasma GH concentration under the conditions used was approximately 1 ng / ml. All samples with values above the range of interest were retested in solutions ranging from 1: 2 to 1:10. Intra- and interassay coefficients of variation were acceptable for duplicate pooled plasma samples containing a known GH concentration.
Four. Pharmaceutical compositions
The macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure or the pharmacologically acceptable salts thereof according to the disclosure can be formulated into pharmaceutical compositions with various dosage forms. To prepare the pharmaceutical compositions of the disclosure, one or more compounds, including optical isomers, enantiomers, diastereomers, racemates or stereochemical mixtures thereof, or pharmaceutically acceptable salts as active ingredient are thoroughly mixed with appropriate carriers and additives according to known techniques. by those skilled in the art of pharmaceutical formulations.
A "pharmaceutically acceptable salt" refers to a salt form of the compounds of the present disclosure in order to allow their use or formulation as pharmaceuticals and that retain the biological efficacy of the free acids and bases of the specified compound and that is not biologically or otherwise undesirable. Examples of such salts are described in Handbook of Pharmaceutical Salts: Properties, Selection, and Use, Wermuth, CG and Stahl, PH (eds.), Wiley-Verlag Helvetica Acta, Zürich, 2002 [ISBN 3-906390-26-8]. Examples of such salts include alkali metal salts and free acid and base addition salts. Examples of pharmaceutically acceptable salts include, without limitation, sulfates, pyrosulfates, bisulfates, sulfites, bisulfites, phosphates, monohydrogen phosphates, dihydrogen phosphates, metaphosphates, pyrophosphates, chlorides, bromides, iodides, acetates, propionates, decanoates, caprylates, acrylates, formats, isobutyrates caproates, heptanoates, propriolates, oxalates, malonates, succinates, suberates, sebacates, fumarates, maleates, butyne-1,4-dioates, hexyne-1,6-dioates, benzoates, chlorobenzoates, methylbenzoates, dinitrobenzoates, hydroxybenzoates, methoxybenzoates, phthalates, xylenesulphonates, phenylacetates, phenylpropionates, phenylbutyrates, citrates, lactates, γ-hydroxybutyrates, glycollates, tartrates, methanesulphonates, 1-naphthane sulphonates, propane-sulphonates-2-sulphonates -sulfonates and mandelates.
If a compound of the disclosure is a base, a desired salt could be prepared by any suitable method known to those skilled in the art, including treatment of the free base with an inorganic acid such as, but not limited to, hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, carbonic acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and the like, or with an organic acid, including, but not limited to, formic acid, acetic acid, propionic acid, maleic acid, succinic acid, mandelic acid, fumaric acid, malonic acid, pyruvic acid, oxalic acid, stearic acid, ascorbic acid, glycolic acid, salicylic acid, pyranosidylic acid, such as glucuronic acid or galacturonic acid, alpha- hydroxy, such as citric acid or tartaric acid, amino acid, such as aspartic acid or glutamic acid, aromatic acid, such as benzoic acid or cinnamic acid, sulfonic acid, such as p-toluenesulfonic acid, Methanesulfonic acid, ethanesulfonic acid, 2-hydroxyethanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid, cyclohexylaminosulfonic acid or the like.
If a compound of the disclosure is an acid, a desired salt can be prepared by any suitable procedure known to those skilled in the art, including treating the free acid with an inorganic or organic base, such as an amine (primary, secondary, or tertiary). ); an alkali metal or alkaline earth metal hydroxide or the like. Some illustrative examples of suitable salts include organic salts derived from amino acids such as glycine, lysine, and arginine; ammonia; primary, secondary, or tertiary amines such as ethylenediamine, N, N'-dibenzylethylenediamine, diethanolamine, choline, and procaine, and cyclic amines, such as piperidine, morpholine, and piperazine; as well as inorganic salts derived from sodium, calcium, potassium, magnesium, manganese, iron, copper, zinc, aluminum and lithium.
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The carriers and additives used for such pharmaceutical compositions can take a variety of forms depending on the anticipated mode of administration. Thus, some compositions for oral administration can be, for example, solid preparations, such as tablets, sugar-coated tablets, hard capsules, soft capsules, granules, powders and the like, with suitable vehicles and additives such as starches, sugars, binders, diluents. , granulating agents, lubricants, disintegrating agents, and the like. Because of their ease of use and increased patient adherence, tablets and capsules represent the most beneficial oral dosage form for many medical syndromes.
Similarly, compositions for liquid preparations include solutions, emulsions, dispersions, suspensions, syrups, elixirs and the like with suitable vehicles and additives such as water, alcohols, oils, glycols, preservatives, flavoring agents, coloring agents, agents. suspension and the like. Typical preparations for parenteral administration comprise the active ingredient with a vehicle such as sterile water or a parenterally acceptable oil including polyethylene glycol, polyvinyl pyrrolidine, lecithin, peanut oil or sesame oil, other additives may also be included to aid in solubility or preservation. In the case of a solution, it can be lyophilized into a powder and then reconstituted immediately before use. For dispersions and suspensions, suitable vehicles and additives include aqueous gums, celluloses, silicates or oils.
Pharmaceutical compositions according to the embodiments of the present disclosure include those suitable for oral, rectal, topical, inhalation (eg, via aerosol), buccal (eg, sublingual), vaginal, topical administration. (i.e., both skin and mucosal surfaces, including airway surfaces), transdermal, and parenteral (p. ex. subcutaneous, intramuscular, intradermal, intraarticular, intrapleural, intraperitoneal, intrathecal, intracerebral, intracranial, intraarterial or intravenous), although the most appropriate route in any case will depend on the nature and severity of the disease being treated and the nature of the specific active agent that is being used.
Compositions for injection will include the active ingredient along with suitable carriers including water-alcohol-propylene glycol, isotonic water, sterile water for injection (USP), water with alcohol emulPhor ™, cremophor-EL ™, or other suitable carriers known to those skilled in the art. matter. These carriers can be used alone or in combination with other conventional solubilizing agents such as ethanol, propylene glycol, or other agents known to those skilled in the art.
When the macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure are to be applied in the form of solutions or injections, the compounds can be employed by dissolving or suspending them in any conventional diluent. Diluents can include, for example, a physiological saline, a Ringer's solution, an aqueous glucose solution, an aqueous dextrose solution, an alcohol, a fatty acid ester, glycerol, a glycol, an oil derived from a plant or animal fountains, a paraffin and the like. These preparations can be prepared according to any conventional procedure known to those skilled in the art.
Compositions for nasal administration can be formulated as sprays, drops, powders, and gels. Aerosol formulations typically comprise a solution or fine suspension of the active ingredient in a physiologically acceptable aqueous or nonaqueous solvent. Such formulations are typically presented in single or multidose amounts sterile in a sealed container. The sealed container can be a cartridge or refill for use with a spray mechanism. Alternatively, the sealed container may be a unitary dispensing device such as a single-use nasal inhaler, a pump sprayer, or an aerosol dispenser with a metering valve arranged to deliver a therapeutically effective amount, and whose disposal is planned once you have fully used its content. When the dosage form comprises an aerosol dispenser, it will contain a propellant such as compressed gas, air, or an organic propellant including a fluorochlorohydrocarbon or fluorohydrocarbon.
Compositions suitable for buccal or sublingual administration include lozenges, lozenges and tablets, in which the active ingredient is formulated with a carrier such as sugar and acacia, tragacanth or gelatin and glycerin.
Compositions for rectal administration include suppositories containing a conventional suppository base such as cocoa butter.
Compositions suitable for transdermal administration include ointments, gels, and patches.
Other compositions known to those skilled in the art can also be applied for percutaneous or subcutaneous administration, such as a cast.
Furthermore, when preparing such pharmaceutical compositions comprising the active ingredient (s) in admixture with the components necessary for the formulation of the compositions, other conventional pharmacologically acceptable additives may be incorporated, for example, excipients, stabilizers, antiseptics, wetting agents, emulsifying agents. , lubricants, sweetening agents, coloring agents, flavoring agents, isotonizing agents, buffering agents, antioxidants and the like. As additives, mention could be made, for example, of starch, sucrose, fructose, dextrose, lactose, glucose, mannitol,
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According to some embodiments, the composition is provided in a unit dose dosage form such as tablet or capsule.
According to other embodiments, the present disclosure provides a kit that includes one or more containers comprising pharmaceutical dosage units with an effective amount of one or more compounds of the present disclosure. The present disclosure further provides prodrugs comprising the compounds described herein. The term "prodrug" is intended to refer to a compound that is converted under physiological conditions or by solvolysis or metabolically to a specific compound that is pharmaceutically active. The prodrug may be a compound of the present disclosure that has been chemically derivatized such that: (i) it retains some, all, or none of the bioactivity of its parent drug compound, and (ii) is metabolized in a subject to produce the compound. parental pharmacological. The prodrug of the present disclosure may also be a partial prodrug in that the compound has been chemically derivatized such that: (i) it retains some, all, or none of the bioactivity of its parent drug compound, and (ii) is metabolized into a subject to produce a biologically active derivative of the compound. Known techniques for derivatizing compounds can be employed to provide prodrugs. Such procedures can utilize the formation of a hydrolyzable assembly with the compound.
Furthermore, the present disclosure provides that the compounds thereof can be administered in combination with a therapeutic agent used to prevent and / or treat metabolic and / or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and disorders associated therewith, disorders. of the central nervous system, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders and inflammatory disorders. Some exemplary agents include analgesics (including opioid analgesics), anesthetics, antifungals, antibiotics, anti-inflammatories (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents, antielmintics, antiemetics, antihistamines, antihypertensives, antipsychotics, antiarthritics, antitussives, antiviral such as DNA interactives, antimetabolites, tubulin interactives, hormonal agents and agents such as asparaginase or hydroxyurea), corticosteroids (steroids), antidepressants, depressants, diuretics, hypnotics, minerals, nutritional supplements, parasympathomimetics, hormones (such as corticotropin-releasing hormone, adrenocorticotropin, growth hormone-releasing hormone, growth hormone, thyrotropin-releasing hormone, and thyroid-stimulating hormone), sedatives, sulfonamides, stimulants, sympathomimetics, tranquilizers, vasoconstrictors, vasodilators, vitamins, and xanthine derivatives.
Subjects suitable for treatment according to the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, avian and mammalian subjects, preferably being mammals. Mammals of the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, canines, felines, bovines, goats, equines, sheep, pigs, rodents (eg, rats and mice), lagomorphs, primates, humans, and the like, and mammals in utero. Any mammalian subject that needs to be treated in accordance with the present disclosure is appropriate. Human subjects are preferred. Human subjects of both genders and at any stage of development (ie, neonatal, childhood, youth, adolescence, adulthood) can be treated in accordance with the present disclosure.
Some illustrative birds according to the present disclosure include chickens, ducks, turkeys, geese, quails, pheasants, ratids (eg ostrich) and domesticated birds (eg parrots and canaries), and in-ovo birds.
The present disclosure is primarily concerned with the treatment of human subjects, but the disclosure can also be carried out on animal subjects, in particular mammalian subjects such as mice, rats, dogs, cats, cattle and horses for veterinary purposes. and for drug selection and drug development purposes.
In therapeutic use for the treatment of diseases in mammals (i.e., humans or animals) for which a modulator such as a ghrelin receptor agonist is effective, the compounds of the present disclosure or an appropriate pharmaceutical composition of the same in an effective amount. Since the activity of the compounds and the degree of therapeutic effect vary, the actual dose administered will be determined by generally recognized factors such as the age, disease of the patient, route of delivery, and body weight of the subject. The dose can range from 0.1 to about 100 mg / kg, administered orally 1-4 times a day. Furthermore, the compounds can be administered by injection at about 0.01-20 mg / kg per dose, administered 1-4 times per day. Treatment could continue for weeks, months, or longer. Determining the optimal dosages for a particular situation is within the capabilities of those skilled in the art.
5. Procedures for use
The compounds of formula I, II and / or III of the present disclosure can be used for the prevention and treatment of a range of diseases including, but not limited to, metabolic and / or endocrine disorders,
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ES 2 646 887 T3 Gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, obesity and obesity-associated disorders, central nervous system disorders, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders, inflammatory disorders, and combinations thereof in which the disorder may be the result of multiple diseases underlying. In some specific embodiments, the disease or disorder is irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), non-ulcer dyspepsia, Crohn's disease, gastroesophageal reflux disorders, constipation, ulcerative colitis, pancreatitis, infantile hypertrophic pyloric stenosis. , carcinoid syndrome, malabsorption syndrome, atrophic colitis, gastritis, gastric stasis, gastrointestinal dumping syndrome, diarrhea, diabetes including diabetes mellitus (type II diabetes), obesity, postgastroenterectomy syndrome, celiac disease, an eating disorder, or obesity. In other embodiments, the disease or disorder is congestive heart failure, ischemic heart disease, or chronic heart disease. According to other embodiments, the disease or disorder is osteoporosis and / or frailty, congestive heart failure, acceleration of bone fracture repair, metabolic syndrome, attenuation of the catabolic response to protein, cachexia, protein loss, slow healing. o risk of slow wound healing, slow recovery o risk of slow recovery from burns, slow recovery or risk of slow recovery after surgery, impairment or risk of impairment of muscle strength, restricted mobility or risk of restricted mobility, alteration or risk of alteration of skin thickness, alteration or risk of alteration of metabolic homeostasis or alteration or risk of alteration of renal homeostasis In other embodiments, the disease or disorder involves facilitation of neonatal development, stimulation of growth hormone release in humans, maintenance of muscle strength and function in humans, reversal or prevention of frailty in humans. , the prevention of catabolic side effects of glucocorticoids, the treatment of osteoporosis, the stimulation and increase of muscle mass and strength, stimulation of the immune system, acceleration of wound healing, acceleration of bone fracture repair, treatment of kidney failure or failure resulting in growth retardation, treatment of short stature, treatment of obesity and of growth retardation, acceleration in recovery and reduction of hospitalization of burn patients, treatment of intrauterine growth retardation, treatment of skeletal dysplasia, treatment of hypercortisolism, treatment of Cushing's syndrome, induction of pulsatile growth hormone release, growth hormone replacement in stressed patients, treatment of osteochondrodysplasia, treatment of Noonan syndrome , treatment of schizophrenia, treatment of depression, treatment of Alzheimer's disease, treatment of emesis, treatment of memory loss, treatment of reproductive disorders, treatment of delayed wound healing, treatment of psychosocial deprivation, treatment of respirator dependence; attenuation of catabolic response to proteins, reduction of cachexia and protein loss, treatment of hyperinsulinemia, adjuvant treatment for ovulation induction, stimulation of thymic development, prevention of decreased function thymic, treatment of immunosuppressed patients, improvement in muscle mobility, maintenance of skin thickness, metabolic homeostasis, renal homeostasis, osteoblast stimulation, bone remodeling stimulation, cartilage growth stimulation, immune system stimulation in companion animals, treatment of aging disorders in companion animals, growth stimulation in livestock and / or the stimulation of wool growth in sheep.
According to a further aspect of the disclosure, a method is provided for the treatment of postoperative ileus, cachexia (wasting syndrome) such as caused by cancer, AIDS, heart disease and kidney disease, gastroparesis such as resulting from type I or type II diabetes other gastrointestinal disorders, growth hormone deficiency, bone loss and other age-related disorders in a human or animal patient suffering from the same, which method comprises administering to said patient an effective amount of at least one member selected from the compounds disclosed herein and having the ability to modulate the ghrelin receptor. Other diseases and disorders treated by the compounds described herein include short bowel syndrome, rapid gastrointestinal evacuation syndrome, postgastroenterectomy syndrome, celiac disease, and hyperproliferative disorders such as tumors, cancers, and neoplastic disorders, as well as premalignant hyperprolifetative disorders. and not neoplastic or not malignant. Specifically, tumors, cancers, and neoplastic tissues that can be treated by the present disclosure include, but are not limited to, malignant disorders such as breast cancer, osteosarcomas, angiosarcomas, fibrosarcomas and other sarcomas, leukemias, lymphomas, breast tumors, cancer of the ovaries, urethra, prostate and other genitourinary, colon, esophagus and stomach cancers and other gastrointestinal cancers, lung cancer, myelomas, pancreatic cancer, liver cancer, kidney cancer, endocrine cancer, skin cancer or tumors of the brain or the central or peripheral nervous system, malignant or benign, including gliomas and neuroblastomas.
According to some specific embodiments, the macrocyclic compounds of the present disclosure can be used to treat postoperative ileus. According to other embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used to treat gastroparesis. What is even more, according to other embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used to treat diabetic gastroparesis. According to another embodiment, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used to treat opiate-induced intestinal dysfunction. According to other embodiments, the compounds of the present disclosure can be used to treat chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction.
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ES 2 646 887 T3
As used herein, "treatment" does not necessarily mean the cure or complete elimination of the disorder or symptoms associated therewith.
The present disclosure further provides methods of treating a horse or canine for a gastrointestinal disorder which comprises administering a therapeutically effective amount of a modulator having the structure of formula I, II and / or III. In some embodiments, the gastrointestinal disorder is ileus or colic.
The compounds of the present disclosure can be further employed for the preparation of a medicament for the treatment of a range of diseases including, but not limited to, metabolic and / or endocrine disorders, gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders, genetic disorders, hyperproliferative disorders, and inflammatory disorders.
Next, other embodiments of the present disclosure will be described with reference to the following examples.
Example 1
Synthesis of moorings
A. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T9 tie
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0039.tif" />
T9-0
Zo \ _! , NaH, DMF.O / N
10O ° C, N<sub>2</sub>
T9-1 ^ Z ^ NHDdz [Example 23]
Cul. Pd2CI<sub>2</sub>(PPh<sub>3</sub>)two. Ar CH<sub>3</sub>CN / Et<sub>3</sub>N (3: 1), 4h ccc
Ddz * T9
Oh
NHDdz
<td>1) Pt (IV) O, H<sub>2</sub>, EtOH 24-48h, ta_ fi</td><td></td><td>Oh</td>
<td>2) 1: 1 DCM / Toluene exchange resin</td><td>T9-2</td><td>NHDdz</td>
Phase T9-1: To a solution of 2-iodophenol (T9-0, 200 g, 0.91 mol, 1.0 equiv.) In DMF (DriSolv®, 560 ml) is added sodium hydride at 60% in mineral oil (3.64 g, 0.091 mol, 0.1 equiv.) in parts (hydrogen is seen to evolve). The reaction is heated for 1 h at 100 ° C under nitrogen, then ethylene carbonate is added and the reaction mixture is heated overnight at 100 ° C. The reaction is monitored by thin layer chromatography (TLC) (conditions: 25/75 EtOAc / hex; Rf: 0.15, detection: UV, CMA). The reaction mixture is allowed to cool, then the solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure. The residual oil is diluted in Et<sub>2</sub>O (1.5 L), then sequentially washed with 1 N sodium hydroxide (3x) and brine (2x), dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and then the filtrate is evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude product is distilled under vacuum (200 pmHg) at 110-115 ° C to provide T9-1.
Phase T9-2: A solution of T9-1 (45.1 g, 0.171 mol, 1.0 equiv.) And Ddz-propargylamine (synthesized by standard protection procedures, 59.3 g, 0.214 mol, 1, 25 equiv.) In acetonitrile (DriSolv®, 257 ml) passing argon through the solution for 10-15 min. To this was added Et<sub>3</sub>N (85.5 ml, shaken overnight with CaH<sub>2</sub>, then distilled) and the mixture was again purged by bubbling argon, this time for 5 min. Crystallized copper (I) iodide (1.14 g, 0.006 mol, 0.035 equiv.) And trans-dichloro-bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) (Strem Chemicals, 3 , 6 g, 0.0051 mol, 0.03 equiv.) And the reaction mixture was stirred for 4 h under argon at room temperature. After 5-10 min, the reaction mixture turned black. The reaction was monitored by TLC (conditions: 55/45 EtOAc / hex). Upon completion, the solvent was removed under reduced pressure to dryness and then the residual oil was diluted with 1 L of a 15% DCM in a solution of Et<sub>2</sub>O. The organic phase is washed with citrate buffer pH 4-5 (3x), saturated aqueous sodium bicarbonate (2x), and brine (1x), then dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filter and evaporate the filtrate under reduced pressure. The crude product obtained is then purified by dry filling starting with 30% EtOAc / Hex (4-8 I) then increasing 5% EtOAc to 55% EtOAc / Hex to provide T9-2 as a brown syrup (yield : 65.8 g, 93.2%).
Phase T9-3: To a solution of Ddz-amino-alcohol T9-2 (65.8 g, 0.159 mol, 1.0 equiv.) In 95% ethanol in nitrogen was added platinum (IV) oxide (3, 6 g, 0.016 mol, 0.1 equiv) and then hydrogen gas bubbled into the solution for 2 h. The mixture was stirred overnight, maintaining a hydrogen atmosphere using a
126
ES 2 646 887 T3 balloon. The reaction was monitored by magnetic resonance imaging NMR<sup>1</sup>H to completion. After the reaction was complete, nitrogen was bubbled in for 10 min to remove excess hydrogen. The solvent is evaporated under reduced pressure, then diluted with EtOAc, filtered through a pad of silica gel and the silica is washed with EtOAc until no more material is eluted as verified by TLC (55/45 EtOAc / hex). The combined filtrates were concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue is diluted in DCM (500 ml) and 4 equiv. of exchange resin and the suspension was stirred overnight. For this last phase, any of these three resins were used: MP-TMT resin (Argonaut Technologies, Foster City, CA, 0.73 mmol / g) is preferred, but others, for example, PS-TRIS (4.1 mmol / g) and S¡-Tr¡am¡ne (Silicycle, Ouebec City, CC, 1.21 mmol / g) can also be used effectively. The resin was filtered and washed with DCM, the solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure, then dried under vacuum (oil pump) to provide the product. The yield of Ddz-T9 from T9-0 on a 65 g scale was 60.9 g (91%)
NMR (CDCb): δ 7.19-7.01, (m, 2H), 6.92-9.83 (m, 2H), 6.53 (bs, 2H), 6.34 (t, 1H ), 5.17 (rt, 1H), 4.08 (m, 2H), 3.98 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 3.01 (ca, 2H), 2.66 (t, 3H), 1.26 (brs, 8H);
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 160.9, 156.8, 155.6, 149.6, 130.4, 127.5, 121.2, 111.7, 103.2, 98.4, 80.0, 69.7, 61.6, 55.5, 40.3, 30.5, 29.3, 27.4 ppm.
The T9 tether can also be synthesized from another anchor molecule by reduction as in the T9-3 phase or with other appropriate hydrogenation catalysts known to those skilled in the art.
B. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T33a and T33b • OH tie
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0040.tif" />
33-0
DIAD, PPh<sub>3</sub>
THF, ta, o / n (96%)
OMe DIBAL 1.0 M
33-1
CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub>, -78 ° C (99%)
Oh
33-2 ^ r ^ NHDdz [Example 23]
Cul. Et<sub>3</sub>N / CH3CN (3: 1) PdCI ^ PPhab, Ar, o / n (88%)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0041.tif" />
.0
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0042.tif" />
NHDdz
2) PS-TMT. CH2CI2 (93%)
ΌΗ
NHDdz
33-3
Ddz-T33a
Overall efficiency 77.2%, 4 phases
The construction of the (R) -isomer of this mooring (T33a) was carried out from 2-iodophenol (33-0) and (S) methyl lactate (33-A). The Mitsunobu Reaction of 33-0 and 33-A continued with the configuration reversal in excellent performance to provide 33-1. Reduction of the ester to the corresponding alcohol (33-2) also occurred in high yield and was followed by the Sonogashira reaction with Ddz-propargylamine. The alkyne in the resulting assembly product, 33-3, was reduced by catalytic hydrogenation. Diagnostic exchange resin tests provided the desired product, Ddz-T33a.
The synthesis of the (S) -enantiomer (Ddz-T33b) was carried out identically with a comparable yield starting with the (R) -methyl lactate (33-B)
33-0 .OH .OMe
33-B
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0043.tif" />
.OR
NHDdz
Ddz-T33b
127
ES 2 646 887 T3 inhesis of the RCM-Tai mooring precursor
3DMSCI, DMAP
HO
A1-1
Et<sub>3</sub>N, CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2 </sub>(31%)
-OTBDMS
HN<sub>3</sub>, PIAD
PPh<sub>3</sub>, THF
1) PPh<sub>3</sub>
2) H<sub>2</sub>OR
3) HCI (aq.)
A1-3
Fmoc-OSu H<sub>2</sub>O, ch<sub>3</sub>cn (71%, 5 steps) (50 g, 567 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in CH2Cl2 (1.5 L) were added EtsN (34.5 ml,
C. Standard procedure for s
HO — OH -
A1-0
Ν<sub>3</sub>-^<sup>Ζ == Χχ</sup>- OTBDMS
A1-2
FmocHN— / —OH
Fmoc-T<sub>A1</sub>
Phase A1-1. To a diol solution A1341 mmol, 0.6 equiv.) And DMAP (1.73 g, 14.2 mmol, 0.025 equiv.). TBDMSC1 (42.8 g, 284 mmol, 0.5 equiv.) In CH2Cl2 (100 mL) was added to this mixture at room temperature over 4 h with a syringe pump. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70); detection: KMnCU; Rf = 0.39], which revealed the starting material, the monoprotected compound and the diprotected compound. The mixture was stirred overnight, washed with Η<sub>2</sub>*, Saturated NH4CI (aq.) And brine, and subsequently dried over MgSCU, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / hexanes, 30:70) to provide the desired monoprotected alcohol A1-1 (yield: 31%).
Phase A1-2. To a solution of alcohol A1-1 (26.5 g, 131 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In THF (130 ml) at 0 ° C was added PPh3 (44.7 g, 170 mmol, 1.3 equiv. .). A freshly prepared and titrated solution of 1.3 M HN3 (149 ml, 157 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) Was slowly added to this mixture, then DIAD (32 ml, 163 mmol, 1.25 equiv.). This resulted in an exothermic reaction. The resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ° C for 1 hr with reaction monitoring by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70); detection: KMnCU; Rf = 0.77], Compound A1-2 was obtained, but it was not isolated and used directly for the next phase of the solution.
Phase A1-3. PPh3 (51 g, 196 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) Was added portionwise to the A1-2 solution and the resulting mixture was stirred at 0 ° C for 2 h, allowed to warm to room temperature and held there for 3 h. then H was added<sub>2</sub>O (24 ml, 1331 mmol, 10 equiv.). This mixture was heated at 60 ° C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (1: 9); detection: KMnCU; Rf = base]. After cooling, a 2N HCl solution (327 ml, 655 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) Was added and the resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h to obtain the A1-3 in solution, which was used directly in the next phase. TLC [DCM / MeOH / 30% NH4OH (7: 3: 1); detection: KMnCU; Rf = 0.32],
Phase A1-4. For the next transformation, THF was evaporated under reduced pressure from the aforementioned reaction mixture and the remaining aqueous phase was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>O (5 x 150 ml) and CHCI3 (3 x 150 ml). The organic phases were monitored by TLC and if any A1-3 was observed, the organic phase was then extracted with 2N HCl. The aqueous phase was cautiously neutralized to pH 8 with 10N NaOH. CH3CN (400 ml) was added to this aqueous solution and Fmoc-OSu (41.9 g, 124 mmol, 0.95 equiv.) In CH3CN (400 ml) was also added slowly over 50 min. The solution was stirred at room temperature overnight. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (1: 1); detection: ninhydrin; Rf = 0.27], The aqueous phase was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>O, and subsequently the combined organic phase was dried over MgSCU and concentrated under reduced pressure. The solid residue obtained was mixed with H<sub>2</sub>O (120 ml), stirred 30 min, filtered (in order to remove the succinimide by-product) and dried overnight under vacuum (oil pump). The solid was purified by flash chromatography [gradient: EtOAc / hexanes (50:50) to EtOAc / hexanes (70:30), with the change of eluent after removing the Fmoc-OSu as indicated by TLC] in order to provide the Tai compound as a white solid (yield: 71%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCI3, ppm): 7.8 (d, 2H), 7.6 (d, 2H), 7.4 (t, 2H), 7.3 (t, 2H), 5.9-5.7 (1H, m), 5.6-5.5 (1H, m), 5.0 (1H, broad), 4.4 (2H, d), 4.2 (2H, d), 3.9 ( 2H, broad), 2.1 (1H, broad).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCI3, ppm): 156.8, 144.1, 141.5, 131.9, 128.3, 127.9, 127.3, 125.2, 120.2, 67.0, 58.0 , 47.4, 38.0.
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ES 2 646 887 T3
D. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the binding precursor RCM-TA2 (2.0 equiv.)
Ru (5% mol)
1.2 Mln DCM Hl
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0044.tif" />
A2-1 .CN fl.Oeq)
45 ° C, N<sub>2 </sub>74%
1) Dibal-H (4 equiv.), -78 ° C 2, Fmoc-OSu (4 equiv.), -78 ° C
3) NaBH<sub>4</sub> (10 equiv.) In MeOH, -78 ° C
4) NaHCOj (1.2 equiv.), RT, 18 h% (after purification)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0045.tif" />
'NHFmoc
Fmoc-T<sub>M</sub> | Overall performance: 68% | H
This material was accessed by applying the cross-metathesis reaction that has been shown to build the carbon structure. The resulting nitrile was reduced to the amine, which was protected in situ with Fmoc or other appropriate protecting group prior to attachment to the resin, which was carried out using solid phase chemical procedures known to those skilled in the art. This standard procedure would also be applicable to Ta2 homologs.
E. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the RCM-Tbi binding precursor
B1-0
Oh
Br
B1-A
PPTS (0.1 equiv.)
1) Mg, l<sub>2</sub>(cat) THF, Δ
DCM, ta, O / N (97%)
B1-1
Br (98%) <sup>T</sup>B1
MeOH, rt, O / N (78%)
PTSA (0.1 equiv.)
B1-2
Phase B1-1. Dihydropyran (B1-A, 22 ml, 241 mmol) was added to a 2-bromobenzyl alcohol (B1-0, 30 g, 160 mmol) in DCM (DriSolv®, 530 ml) as a solution of approximately 0.3 M. Pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate (PPTS, 4.0 g, 16 mmol) was added and the reaction mixture was stirred vigorously at room temperature overnight. Then a saturated solution of Na2CC> 3 (aq, 200 ml) was added and the mixture was stirred for 30 mln. The DCM layer was separated, washed successively with saturated Na2CC> 3 (aq., 2 x 100 mL) and brine (2 x 50 mL), and dried over anhydrous MgSCU. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the crude residue was purified by means of a packed column of silica gel (EtOAc / hexanes (1: 9); before loading the crude material, the silica was neutralized by rinsing it with 1% EÍ3N in DCM], This provided the B1-1 as a Colorless oil (42 g, 97%). TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (1: 9); R<sub>F</sub>= 0,56]
Phase B1-2. Magnesium chips (2.21 g, 90 mmol) were added to a solution of about 0.8 M of B1-1 (from which several portions of toluene were evaporated to remove traces of water, 22.14 g, 81, 8 mmol) in anhydrous THF (sodium benzophenone quetil distillate, 100 ml) under a nitrogen atmosphere. The reaction was neutralized by adding iodine chips (50 mg, 0.002 equiv). The reaction mixture was refluxed for 2 h, during which time most of the Mg chips disappeared. The reaction was allowed to cool to room temperature. In a fire-dried round bottom flask, freshly distilled allyl bromide (6.92 mL, 81.8 mmol) was diluted with anhydrous THF (50 mL) under a nitrogen atmosphere and cooled to 0 ° C using a water bath. ice and water. To this the now cold Grignard solution was gradually transferred over a period of 20-30 min using a cannula to ensure that the unreacted magnesium chips remained in the source flask. The contents of the flask were washed with the Grignard preparation (2-5 ml dry THF) and the wash solution was transferred through the cannula also to the allyl bromide solution. The resulting mixture was stirred overnight under N2 while allowing it to gradually warm to room temperature. The reaction was quenched by adding a saturated NH4CI solution (aq.), Then diluted with 100 ml EIO2O and the layers were separated. The aqueous phase was extracted with EIO2 (3 x 100 mL) and the combined organic layers were dried over MgSCU, and then concentrated under reduced pressure to provide B1-2 (18.54 g, 98%). TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (1: 9), Rf = 0.53], This material was used in the next step without further purification.
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ES 2 646 887 T3
Phase B1-3. 2- (2-propenyl) benzyl alcohol (Tbi). Crude THP ether B1-2 (1S, 54 g, S0 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (160 mL) and p-toluenesulfonic acid monohydrate (PTSA, 1.52 g, S mmol) was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight, then concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was diluted with Et<sub>2</sub>O (100 ml). The organic layer was washed sequentially with a NaHCO solution<sub>3</sub> 5% (aq.) (3 x 50 ml) and brine (1 x 50 ml), then dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / hexanes, 1: 9), to obtain Tbi as a pale yellow oil (9.2 g, 7S%). TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (1: 9), detection: UV, PMA; R<sub>F</sub>= 0,24].
F. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the tie precursor RCM-TB2
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0046.tif" />
Phase B2-1. To a suspension of MePPh<sub>3</sub>Br (S 5.7 g, 240 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) In THF (500 ml) was added to t-BuOK portionwise (26.9 g, 240 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) And the mixture was stirred resulting at room temperature for 2 h during which time it turned yellow. The resulting mixture was cooled to -7S ° C, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde (B2-0, 11.6 ml, 109 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) Was added in 10 min, then stirred overnight at room temperature. The progress of the reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (20: S0); detection: UV, CMA; R<sub>F</sub> = 0.25]. NH solution was added<sub>4</sub>Saturated Cl (aq.) And the resulting aqueous phase was extracted Et<sub>2</sub>Or (3x). The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / hexanes, 30:70) to provide B2-1 as a yellow oil. Identity and purity confirmed by rMN<sup>1</sup>H (yield: 100%).
Phase B2-2. To a solution of alcohol B2-1 (2.0 g, 16.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In DMF at 0 ° C was added cesium carbonate (1.1 g, 3.34 mmol, 0, 2 equiv.) And the mixture was stirred at 0 ° C for 15 min. The reaction was heated to 100 ° C and ethylene carbonate was added. The resulting mixture was stirred at 100 ° C overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70); detection: UV, CMA; R<sub>F</sub> = 0.21]. The solution was cooled to room temperature and H2O was added. The resulting aqueous phase was extracted with Et2O (3x). The organic phase was extracted with brine (3x), dried with MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. A yellow syrup (Tb2) was obtained (yield: 96%), which was of sufficient purity (assessed by NMR) for use without further purification. Note that this product was found to be unstable in the presence of acid.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla, ppm): 7.50 (1H, dd, Ph), 7.22 (1H, td, Ph), 7.05 (dd, 1H, PhCH = CH2), 6.9S (1H, t, Ph), 7.90 (1H, d, Ph), 5.75 (1H, dd, PhCH = CHH), 5.30 (1H. Dd, PhCH = CHH), 4.15-4.10 (2H, m, PhOCH ^ C ^ OH), 4.05-3.95 (2H, m, PhOCH2CH2OH), 2.05 (1H, s, OH).
G. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the RCM-Tb3 binding precursor
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0047.tif" />
To a solution of 2'-bromophenethyl alcohol (B3-0, 2.0 ml, 14.9 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In toluene (50 ml) was added tetragu / s (triphenylphosphine) palladium (0) [ Pd (PPh<sub>3</sub>) 4.347 mg, 0.30 mmol, 0.02 equiv.) And vinyltributyltin (6.5 ml, 22.4 mmol, 1.5 equiv.). The resulting mixture was stirred under reflux for 24 h under N2. Monitoring the progress of the reaction by TLC was difficult since the starting material and the product had the same Rf [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70)]. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and a saturated KF solution (aq.) Was added at which time a precipitate formed. The solid was optionally removed by filtration and the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (4x). The combined organic phase was extracted with brine, dried over MgSO4, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / hexanes, 30:70) to provide the
Tb3 as a colorless oil. Identity and purity confirmed by NMR<sup>1</sup>H (yield: 100%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla, ppm): 7.57-7.45 (1H, m, Ph), 7.30-7.15 (3H, m, Ph), 7.05 (dd, 1H, PhCH = CH2), 5.65 (1H, dd, PhCH = CHH), 5.32 (1H. Dd, PhCH = CHH), 4, S5 (2H, t, PhCH2CH2OH), 2.9S (2H, t, PhCH2CH2OH), 1, 50 (1H, s, OH).
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ES 2 646 887 T3
H. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the RCM-Tb4 binding precursor
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0048.tif" />
2) NaBH<sub>4</sub>
B4-0
1) O<sub>3</sub>, MeOH; CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (1:1)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0049.tif" />
Β4Ί
MnÜ2 benzene (100%)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0050.tif" />
Oh
B4-2
MePPh<sub>3</sub>Br, t-BuOK
THF (72%, 2 phases)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0051.tif" />
Oh <sup>T</sup>34
Phase B4-1. 1,2-dlhydronaphthalene (B4-0, 5.0 g, 38.4 mmol, 1.0 equlv.) Was dissolved in 200 ml of DCM: MeOH (1: 1) and the solution was cooled to -78 ° C . Ozone (O<sub>3</sub>) through the solution until a blue color developed. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70); detection: UV, CMA; R<sub>F</sub> = 0.25], The excess of O<sub>3</sub> was then removed by bubbling N<sub>2</sub> through the solution until the blue color dissipated. Sodium borohydride (2.9 g, 76.8 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) Was slowly added to the mixture, then stirred at room temperature for 1 hr. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (30:70); detection: UV, CMA; Rf = 0.06], a saturated NH4CI solution (aq.) Was added slowly, then the aqueous phase was extracted with DCM (3x). The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. B4-1 was obtained as a yellow oil (yield: 100%). The identity and purity of the compound was confirmed by NMR analysis and was of sufficient purity to be used without further manipulation.
Phase B4-2. To a solution of diol B4-1 (6.38 g, 38.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In benzene (200 ml) was added MnO<sub>2 </sub>(85%, 16.7 g, 192 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) And the resulting mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC [EtOAc / hexanes (50:50); detection: UV, CMA; Rf = 0.24] and more MnO was added<sub>2</sub> (5 equlv.) Every hour until the reaction was complete, typically this required 2 to 3 such additions. The MnO<sub>2</sub> filtered through a pad of Celite, which was washed with EtOAc. The combined filtrate and wash was evaporated under reduced pressure to provide B4-2. An MRI was taken<sup>1</sup>H to check the purity of the resulting compound, which typically contained small amounts of impurities. However, it was pure enough to be used in the next phase, which was preferably carried out on the same day as this phase since the aldehyde product (B4-2) had limited stability.
Phase B4-3. To a suspension of MePPh<sub>3</sub>Br (30.2 g, 84.5 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) In THF (200 ml) was added portionwise t-BuOK (9.5 g, 84.5 mmol, 2.2 equiv.) And The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h during which time the solution turned yellow. The reaction mixture was cooled to -78 ° C, B4-2 [6.3 g, 38.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv. (based on theoretical yield)] over 10 min, then the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC (EtOAc / hexanes (50:50); detection: UV, CMA; Rf = 0.33], a solution of saturated NH4CI (aq.) Was added and the resulting aqueous phase was extracted with EtOAc ( 3x) The combined organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (EtOAc / hexanes, 40:60) to provide Tb4 as a yellow oil. NMR was used to confirm the identity and purity of the product (yield: 73%, 2 phases).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb ppm): 7.55-7.45 (1H, m, Ph), 7.25-7.10 (3H, m, Ph), 7.05 (dd, 1H, PhCH = CH<sub>2</sub>), 5.65 (1H, dd, PhCH = CHH), 5.30 (1H. Dd, PhCH = CHH), 3.70 (2H, t, PhCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH), 2.80 (2H, t, PhCH2CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH), 1.90-1.80 (2H, m, PhCH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>OH), 1.45 (1H, s, OH).
I. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T45 tie
HO
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0052.tif" />
3. NbN<sub>3</sub>, DMF
Four. H »10% Til-C, Boe, O
HO '
45-0
Boc-T45
The protected version of this tie was obtained by standard transformations involving monoprotection of triethylene glycol (45-0) followed by a conversion of the remaining alcohol to a mesylate, azide displacement and catalytic reduction in the presence of dl-t-butyl dicarbonate.
J. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T65 tie
131
ES 2 646 887 T3
See the preparation of T9-2 since this tie is actually an intermediate in the synthesis of the T9 tie.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 7.38-7.35 (da, 1H), 7.30-7.19 (m, 1H), 6.92 (dd, 2H), 4.88 (bs, 1H), 4.16-4.11 (rt, 4H), 3.983.95 (t, 2H), 1.46 (s, 9H). NMR<sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 156.7, 155.8, 133.6, 130.0, 121.3, 114.8, 113.1, 112.9, 90.2, 70.8, 61.4, 28.6
K. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T66 tie
ΌΗ Lindiar Catalyst <sup>10 % on</sup> P<sup>that</sup>
NHBoc fOH O -NHBoc
Boc-T65
Quinotein (0.002 equiv.), H<sub>2 </sub>EtOH / AcOEt (3/2), rt
Boc-T66
To a solution of alkyne (Boc-T65, 13.1 g, 45.1 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In EtOH / AcOEt (5: 1) in N<sub>2</sub> Quinoline (106 µl, 0.9 mmol, 0.02 equiv.) and the Lindiar catalyst (1.3 g, 10% by weight) are added, then hydrogen is bubbled into the mixture. The reaction is monitored (every 30-40 min) by NMR<sup>1</sup>H until the reaction is complete. The reaction is then filtered through a Celite pad and rinsed with AcOEt until no more material is eluting. The solvent is removed under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography with AcOEt / Hex 15% to AcOEt / Hex 40% to provide Boc-T66 as an oil. (Yield: 7.8 g, 59%) TLC (45/55 AcOEt / Hex): R<sub>F</sub>: 0.15; detection: UV, KMnO ^
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 7.27-7.21 (td, 1H), 7.15-7.10 (dd, 1H), 7.00.6.85, (m, 2H), 6.62- 6.58 (da, 1H), 5.77-5.70 (dt, 1H), 4.13-4.03 (m, 2H), 3.97-3.95 (m, 2H), 3, 9-3.88 (da, 2H), 1.46, (s, 9H)
L. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T67 tie
ZnEt ?, CH9I9 NHBoc CH2CI2, 57%
OR'
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0053.tif" />
'•' '' NHBoc
Boc-T8
Boc-T67
To a solution of Et<sub>2</sub>Zn (1 M in hexanes, 153 mL, 153.6 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (150 ml) at -20 ° C was added CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (12.4 ml, 153.6 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) (WARNING: Pressure may develop) and the mixture was stirred at -20 ° C for 15 min. Then Boc-T8 (15.0 g, 51.2 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (100 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The reaction was monitored by TLC [(60% AcOEt: 40% hexane); detection: UV and CMA; Rf = 0.39], The solution was treated with aqueous NH4CI (saturated) and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub>. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (60% EtOAc: 40% hexane) to provide Boc-T67 as a yellow oil (yield: 57%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb, ppm): 7.18 (1H, t), 7.03 (1H, d), 6.88 (2H, t), 4.23-4.04 (4H, m), 3.73 -3.70 (2H, m), 1.48 (1H, broad), 1.28 (9H, s), 1.12-1.06 (1H, m), 1.0-0.93 (1H , m), 0.76 (2H, dt).
M. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T68 tie
O ^ NHBoc
Et<sub>2</sub>Zn 1.0 M in hex.
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0054.tif" />
| / OH OR-NHBoc
Boc-T66
B0C-T68
To a solution of Et<sub>2</sub>Zn (1 M in hexanes, 49.2 mL, 49.2 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (30 ml) at -20 ° C was added CH<sub>2</sub>I<sub>2</sub> (3.9 ml, 49.2 mmol, 3.0 equiv.) And the mixture was stirred at -20 ° C for 15 min. Then the alkene (Boc-T66, 4.8 g, 16.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (50 ml) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 h. The solution was treated with NH<sub>4</sub>Aqueous CI (saturated) and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (1x) and then washed with brine (1x). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and the solvent was removed under reduced pressure. The crude product is purified by flash chromatography (gradient: 40%, then 50%, and finally 60% EtOAc in hexanes) to provide Boc-T68 as a yellow oil (yield: 90.7%). TLC (60% AcOEt: 40% hexanes): R<sub>F</sub>: 0.4; detection: UV, ninhydrin.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 7.32-7.20 (td, 2H), 7.10-6.85, (m, 2H), 4.25-4.13 (m, 2H), 4.10- 3.99 (m, 2H), 3.41-3.36 (dd, 1H), 2.15-2.02 (m, 1H), 1.38 (s, 9H), 1.04-0, 96 (de, 1H), 0.78-0.73 (q, 1H)
132
ES 2 646 887 T3
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 158.0, 130.7, 130.4, 127.9, 127.5, 127.1, 121.2, 121.0, 111.6, 111.2, 79.5, 69.8, 61.5, 28.7,
17,8, 16,8, 7,2
N. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T69 tie
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0055.tif" />
69-0
TBDMSO '' '' '-' 'θ<sup>Γ</sup>
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Kl, DMF 55 ° C, O / N. N<sub>2</sub>
100%
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0056.tif" />
69J.
^ '' '^ NHDdz 69-B
Pd (PhCN)<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> Dioxane Cul, P (Bu) 3 10% hexanes / -PrjNH, 60 ° C, O / N
75,2%
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0057.tif" />
OTBDMS
NHDdz
0 <te-T69
1 HOUR<sub>2</sub>, PtO ;, EtOH
2) TBAF1.0M, THF, 1h 74.5% 2 phases
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0058.tif" />
phases
Overall performance: 56%
TLC (25/75 AcOEt / Hex): R + 0.03; detection: UV, nínhidrína
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): or 7.06-7.00 (rt, 1H), 6.61-6.52 (m, 4H), 6.35 (m, 1H), 5.12 (rt, 1H), 4.03 (m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 6H), 3.11-3.04 (ca, 2H), 2.60 (rt, 2H), 1 , 75 (m, 8H)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 163.9, 160.9, 160.6, 157.6, 157.5, 155.6, 149.5, 130.8, 130.6, 125.9, 107.26, 106.9, 103.2, 98.4, 80.8, 77.5, 69.9, 61.3, 60.9, 60.6, 55.4, 40.3, 30.4, 29, 3, 26.9,
LC-MS (Grad_A4) t<sub>R</sub>: 8.37 min
O. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T70 .XX tie
Oh
Br
TBDMSO ' <sup>Br</sup>
22^
Zfiá
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Kl, DMF 55 ° C, O / N, N<sub>2</sub>
98,7%
Λ
70-1
OTBDMS ^^ NHDdz 70-B
Pd / PhCN ^ C ^ Dioxane Cul, P (Bu)<sub>3</sub> 10% hexanes / -Pr<sub>2</sub>NH, 60 ° C, O / N
755% fj<sup>x <</sup>^<sup>OR</sup>'^<sup>XX</sup>'OTBDMS
Ddz-T70
1 HOUR<sub>2</sub>, PtOa, EtOH
2) TBAF 1.0M, THF, lh 74.5% 2 phases ° ---
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0059.tif" />
phases
Overall performance: 54%
TLC (25/75 AcOEt / Hex): R + 0.03; detection: UV, nínhidrína
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): or 6.84-6.75 (m, 3H), 6.52 (br, 2H), 6.34 (m, 1H), 5.17 (rt, 1H), 4.01 ( m, 2H), 3.93 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 6H), 3.10 (ca, 2H), 2.63 (rt, 2H), 1.74 (m, 8H)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 160.9, 158.9, 155.8, 155.6, 152.9, 152.9, 149.5, 132.4, 132.3, 117.1, 116.8, 112.7,112.6, 103.2, 98.4, 80.8, 70.4, 61.6, 55.5, 40.2, 30.3, 29.3, 27.4.
LC-MS (Grad_A4) t<sub>R</sub>: 8.29 min
133
ES 2 646 887 T3 .JCC
P. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T71 tie <sub>C</sub>|
ZlrS
Ddz-T71
Oh
Br
OTBDMS
NHDdZ
TBDMSO, Br
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Kl, DMF 55 ° C, O / N, N<sub>2</sub>
86,2%
O ^ '^ OTBDMS Br
71-1 ^^ NHDd
Iz 71-B
1 HOUR<sub>2</sub>, PtOs, EtOH
2) TBAF 1.0M, THF, 1h 82% 2 phases
PdtPPhafeClz Cul, PPh<sub>3</sub>, Argon APr<sub>2</sub>NH, 55 ° C, O / N
61,2%
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0060.tif" />
71-2 phases
Overall performance: 43%
TLC (25/75 AcOEt / Hex): Rf: 0.03; detection: UV, ninhydrin
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 7.12-7.08 (da, 2H), 6.76-6.73 (d, 1H), 6.52 (m, 2H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 5.15 (rt, 1H), 4.02 (m, 2H), 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 3.09 (ca, 2H), 2.61 (rt , 2H), 1.74 (m, 8H)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 160.8, 155.6, 155.4, 149.5, 132.4, 130.1, 127.0, 126.0, 112.8, 103.2, 98.4, 80.8, 70.0, 61.4, 55.5,40.3, 30,2,29,3,24,5,27,4
LC-MS (Grad_A4) t<sub>R</sub>: 9.60 min
Q. Standard procedure for T72 tie synthesis
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0061.tif" />
72-3 72-4
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0062.tif" />
TLC (1/1, Hex / AcOEt): R<sub>F</sub>: 0,16
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (ppm): 1.49 (Boc), 1.8 (CH2), 2.7 (CH2), 3.1 (CH2), 4.0 (CH2), 4.1 (CH2), 4.9 (NH), 6.9 (aromatic CH), 7.35 (aromatic CH), 7.4 (aromatic CH)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (ppm): 29, 30, 40, 61, 70, 110, 124, 128, 132, 160
134
ES 2 646 887 T3
R. Standard procedure for T73 tie synthesis
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0063.tif" />
73-0
CF<sub>3</sub>SO3H NBS, CH<sub>3</sub>CN
-30 ° C to rt, N<sub>2</sub>
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0064.tif" />
zad
OR-----
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0065.tif" />
73-3
NHDdz
Σ23
Cul. PPh<sub>3</sub>. PdtPPhafeCb FPr<sub>2</sub>NH, 50 ° C, O / N
TBDMSO '^^'<sup>0</sup>''
73-A
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Kl, DMF 55 ° C. O / N, Nj rj<sup>X</sup>^<sup>:</sup>Y'<sup>OR</sup>'<sup>v</sup>^ 'OTBDMS
O ^^^ Sr
Z3J
1 HOUR<sub>2</sub>, PtO<sub>2</sub>, EtOH
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0066.tif" />
TLC (60/40 AcOEt / Hex): R<sub>F</sub>: 0.11; detection: UV, ninhydrin
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCIs): δ 7.06-6.99, (m, 2H), 6.84-6.81 (m, 1H), 6.5 (m, 2H), 6.32 (m, 1H) , 5.11 (rt, 1H), 4.07 (m, 2H) 3.90 (rt, 2H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 3.39 (s, 3H), 3.09 ( rt, 2H), 2.64 (rt, 2H), 1.85-1.74 (m, 8H), 1.46 (brs, 9H)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCIs): δ 160.8, 157.1, 155.6, 151.9, 149.5, 131.3, 131.0, 128.43, 128.37, 111.6, 103.2, 98.4, 84.8 80.8, 69.9, 61.4, 60.6, 55.5, 41.8, 40.2, 30.0, 29.3, 28.1, 27.3 ppm.
LC-MS (Grad_A4) t<sub>R</sub>: 8.26 min.
135
ES 2 646 887 T3
S. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T74 tie
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0067.tif" />
74-0
Elder brother<sub>?</sub>, Nal DMSO, HjO 0 ° C to rt
85%
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0068.tif" />
NOT<sub>2</sub>
OTBDMS ^ X ^ NHDdz
74-3
H<sub>2</sub>. Pt<sub>2></sub> EtOH 90% ^^ NHDdz
74-B
Cul. PPh<sub>3</sub>, PdJPPhafeCb i-Pr<sub>2</sub>NH, 50 ° C, O / N 80% tbdmso ^ '' '-
K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>, Kl, DMF 55'C, O / N. N<sub>2 </sub>100%
74-2
74-4 phases
Overall performance: 53%
OTBDMS
NHDdz
More
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0069.tif" />
Ddz-T74 (Boc>
TLC (50/50 AcOEt / Hex): R<sub>F</sub>: 0.09; Detection: UV, CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>): δ 7.14 (da, 1H), 6.76-6.71 (m, 2H), 6.53 (m, 2H), 6.33 (bs, 1H), 5.15 (rt, 1H ), 4.08 (m, 2H) 3.95 (m, 2H), 3.79 (s, 6H), 3.41 (s, 3H), 3.01 (ca, 2H), 2.64 (rt, 2H), 1.75 (m, 8H), 1.47 (s, 9H)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-de): δ 156.1, 152.3, 150.8, 147.0, 144.7, 129.8, 126.9, 125.6, 116.8, 108.4, 98, 5, 93.6, 80.3 76.1, 65.1, 56.7, 50.7, 37.1, 35.6, 25.3, 24.5, 23.4, 22.6 CL- EM (Grad_A4) t<sub>R</sub>: 8.21 min
136
ES 2 646 887 T3
T. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T75a and T75b moorings
75-0
Br
ΗθΑγ<sup>ΟΜβ</sup>
O (33-A)
DAY D. PPh<sub>3</sub>
THF, ta, o / n (91%)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0070.tif" />
75-1
DIBAL 10 M
CHjOí, -78¾ (98%)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0071.tif" />
75-2
Cul, Et<sub>3</sub>N / CH<sub>3</sub>CN (3: 1) PdCIjtPhCNfe, Pau<sub>3</sub>
Ατ, οΛι
H<sub>2</sub>, 95% EtOH, PtOa, oM (19% 2 phases)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0072.tif" />
□ <tz-T75a
The synthesis of the fluorinated derivative, tie T75, was carried out analogously to that of tie T33 starting from 33-A [(S) -methyl lactate] and the appropriately substituted phenol 75-0 to provide 4.1 g of Ddz- T75a as a pale yellow solid. Despite the fact that the first two phases, the Mitsunobu Reaction and the DIBAL reduction, were of high yield, 91% and 98% respectively, the isolation of the final product was difficult after the Sonogashira coupling reaction and hydrogenation, reducing the yield. overall at 17%. Again, the corresponding (R) -enantiomer, Ddz-T75b, is accessible by substituting the (R) -methyl (33-B) lactate in the above procedure.
75-0
OH + HO ^ Y Br O
33-B
OMe
NHDdz
Ddz-T75b
U. Standard procedure for the synthesis of T76 tie
Br
HjCO
OH (
7S-0
MgCl<sub>2</sub>.TEA.CHjCN
Reflux
55% ά
7β-1
CHjPPhjBr t-BuQK, THF.
-78 ° C to rt
75% ^ NHDdz
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0073.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0074.tif" />
137
ES 2 646 887 T3
Phase T76-1. 3-Bromo-2-hydroxy-benzaldehyde. Analogously to that found in the literature (Hofslokken et al. Acta. Chemica Scand. 1999, 53, 258), a stirred suspension of 2-bromophenol (76-0, 3.5 g, 20 mmol) and paraformaldehyde ( 8.1 g, 270 mmol) in 100 ml of dry acetonitrile at room temperature was treated with MgCl2 (2.85 g, 30 mmol) and triethylamine (TEA, 10.45 ml, 75 mmol). The mixture was stirred vigorously under reflux overnight. After this period of time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, then 30 ml of 5% HCl was added and the product was extracted with Et2O to provide 4.0 g (95%) of 76-1.
TLC (hexanes / dichloromethane, 3: 1): Rf = 0.3; detection: CMA and UV
Phase 76-2. 2-Bromo-6-vinyl-phenol. To a stirring solution of CHaPPhaBr (72 g, 0.033 mol) at room temperature was added, over 5 min, a solution of tBuOK (4.1 g, 0.03 mol) in THF (50 ml). The mixture was cooled to -78 ° C and 76-1 (3 g, 0.015 mol) was added dropwise over 15 min. The reaction mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stir for 24 h. After this time, the solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was purified by flash chromatography using hexanes / dichloromethane (3: 1) as eluent to provide 76-2 as a colorless oil (2.2 g, 75%).
TLC (hexanes / dichloromethane, 3: 1): Rf = 0.5; detection: CmA and UV
Phase 76-3. Tosylate 76-A was synthesized using the literature procedure (Buono et al. Eur. J. Org. Chem. 1999, 1671) and then used for 76-3 (Manhas, MSJ Am. Chem. Soc. 1975, 97, 461-463. Nakano, J. Heterocycles 1983, 20, 1975-1978). To a solution of 76-2 (2.5 g, 12 mmol), Ph3P (4.6 g, 18 mmol) and 76-A (4.3 g, 18 mmol) in 150 ml of THF was slowly added diethylazodicarboxylate (DEAD, 3.5 ml, 18 mmol) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 6 h until the reaction was complete as indicated by TLC analysis (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 8: 2; Rf = 0.6; detection: CMA and UV). The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 76-3 as a pale brown liquid (4.6 g, 88%).
Phase 76-4. 76-3 (3.4 g, 8 mmol) was treated with a second generation Grubbs catalyst (0.02 mol%) in 50 ml of DCM (Grubbs, RJ Org. Chem. 1998, 63, 864-866. Gross, J. Tet. Lett. 2003, 44, 8563-8565. Hoveyda, AJ Am. Chem. Soc. 1998, 120, 2343-2351). The resulting mixture was stirred at room temperature for 12 h. The solvent was then removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to obtain 76-4 as a pale brown liquid (2.15 g, 70%). TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 8: 2; Rf = 0.4; detection: CMA and UV).
Phase 76-5. To a solution of 76-4 (1.43 g, 0.023 mol) in dry DMF (50 ml) was added cesium acetate (2.09 g, 0.0109 mol) under an argon atmosphere. The solution was stirred at 50 ° C overnight. After this time, the solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 76-5 as a pale brown liquid (0.7 g, 70%). TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 8: 2; Rf = 0.6; detection: CMA and UV).
Phase 76-6 (8-Bromo-2H-chromen-2-yl) -methanol To a solution of 76-5 (5.5 g, 0.023 mol) in dry MeOH (150 ml) was added sodium metallic in an amount catalyst in an argon atmosphere. The solution was then stirred at room temperature for 60 min. or, Amberlite IRA-120 (H +) resin was added to neutralize (pH = 7) the excess sodium methoxide and the mixture was vigorously stirred for 10 min. The resin was removed by filtration and the filtrate was evaporated in vacuo. Pure compound 76-6 was recovered as a colorless oil (4.5 g, 98%).
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 7: 3): Rf = 0.3; detection: CMA and UV
Phase 76-7. 76-6 (4.5 g, 18 mmol) and Ddz-propargyl amine (76-B, 15.16 g, 55.8 mmol) were dissolved in dioxane (150 ml) and diisopropylamine (27 ml). The reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling argon through the solution. PdCl (PhCN) 2 (430 mg, 1.11 mmol, 0.06 equiv.), Cul (220 mg, 1.11 mmol, 0.06 equiv.) And tributylphosphine (10% in hexane, 4.4 ml, 2.23 mmol) and the mixture was heated to 70 ° C and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash column chromatography to obtain 76-7 as a pale brown liquid (3.2 g, 80%).
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 1: 1): Rf = 0.3; detection: CMA and UV,
Phase 76-8. Acetylene 76-7 (4.5 g, 0.2 mol) was dissolved in EtOH (150 ml), subsequently purged with nitrogen for 10 min. PtO2 (10 mol%, 450 mg) was added, and the mixture was purged with a hydrogen gas filled balloon. The mixture was then loaded into a Parr bomb, rinsed with hydrogen (simply filled with hydrogen at 60 psi, then released and refilled, this fill-release-fill cycle is repeated three times), and reacted with hydrogen at 60 psi at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through a Celite bed (use methanol to wash the bed) and the filtrate was concentrated to provide a practically pure sample (clean by NMR<sup>1</sup>H), but stained from Ddz-T76 in quantitative yield. Further purification was achieved by exposing this material to flash chromatography. TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 1: 1; Rf = 0.3; detection: CMA and UV). Since the product Ddz-T76 has the same Rf as the starting material (76-7), NMR<sup>1</sup>H is the best way to distinguish them.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla): δ 1.73 (s, 6H), 1.75-1.95 (m, 4H), 2.60 (m, 2H), 2.70-2.90 (m, 2H), 3.10 (m, 2H), 3.72 (s, 6H), 3.75 (m, 2H), 4.12 (m, 1H), 5.20 (m, 1H), 6.35 (s , 1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 2H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCla): 0 23.93 (CH2), 24.97 (CH<sub>2</sub>), 27.07 (CH2), 29.35 (CH3), 30.45 (CH<sub>2</sub>), 40.23 (CH2), 55.47 (CH3), 65.76 (CH2), 80.72 (CH), 98.44 (CH), 103.22 (CH), 120.29 (CH) , 121.90 (Cq), 127.76 (CH), 128.14 (CH), 129.42
138
ES 2 646 887 T3 (Cq), 149.56 (Cq), 152.55 (Cq), 155.56 (Cq), 160.84 (Cq). LCMS (Grad_A4): ír: 9.46 min; Detected mass: 443
V. Standard procedure for the synthesis of the T77 tie
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0075.tif" />
77-0
Br<sub>2</sub>
KBr. HjO.ta 75%
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0076.tif" />
77-1
HOCühUOTBDMS (77-A)
PPh3.DIAD.THF, 12h 68% ce
77-2
OTBDMS
PPh<sub>3</sub>, IPr<sub>2</sub>NH,
Cul. PdCI<sub>2</sub>(Ph3P) 2
70%
- * - ~ -NHDdz
Ddz-T77
TBAF,
THF. TA
90% <sup>H</sup>* <sup>P</sup>*°<sup>z</sup> ^^^^^ NHDdZ ^ nA.qX'xxOTBDMS EtOH, TA, 0.55 MPa ^ '<sub>N</sub>Aq - ^ \ ^ -<sup>otbdwis</sup>
77-4 100% 77-3
Phase T77-1. 3-Bromo-pyridine-2-ol. A stirred suspension of 2-pyridone (77-0, 19 g, 200 mmol) in 200 ml of 1 M aqueous KBr at room temperature was treated over 15 min with bromine (32 g, 200 mmol; WARNING: ¡ Large amounts of Br<sub>2</sub> should be handled with care!) in 200 ml of 1 M aqueous KBr, then vigorously stirred at room temperature overnight. After 24 h, this solution deposited crystals which were filtered and then recrystallized from acetone to provide 27.2 g (78%) of 3-bromo-plyrin-2-ol. (77-1) [J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1982, 104, 4142-4146; Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett. 2002, 12, 197-200; J Med Chem. 1979, 22, 1284-1290],
Calc. Molecular weight for CsHUBrNO: 173; (M + H)<sup>+</sup> found: 174
Phase T77-2. To a solution of 3-bromo-pldina-2-ol (77-1.5 g, 0.028 mol), PhsP (11 g, 0.04 mol) and 2- (tert-butylld¡met¡ls¡lan¡loxl ) -ethanol (77-A, 7 g, 0.04 mol) in 50 ml of THF dletllazodlcarboxylate (8.1 g, 0.04 mol) was added slowly at room temperature. The progress of the reaction was easily monitored by TLC [hexanes / ethyl acetate (4: 1); Rf = 0.5; detection: CMAj. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 24 h, at which point the reaction was complete by TLC analysis. The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 77-2 as a pale brown liquid (6.3 g, 68%). [Tetrahedron Lett. 1994, 35, 2819-2822; Tetrahedron Lett. 1995, 36, 8917-8920; Synlett, 1995, 845-846. Heterocycles 1990, 31, 819-824],
Calc. Molecular weight for Ci3H<sub>22</sub>BrNO<sub>2</sub>Yes 331; (M + H)<sup>+</sup> found: 332
Phase T77-3. The protected alcohol 77-2 (3 g, 9.1 mmol) was dissolved in dusopropylamine (50 ml) and the reaction mixture was degassed by bubbling argon through the solution. PdCI added<sub>2</sub>(PPh3)<sub>2</sub> (410 mg, 0.61 mmol, 0.06 equlv.), Cul (74 mg, 0.4 mmol, 0.04 equlv.) And triphenylphosphine (310 mg, 1.12 mmol), then the mixture was heated until 70 ° C and stirred overnight. The solvent was removed under high vacuum and the residue was purified by flash chromatography to obtain 77-3 as a pale brown liquid (3.36 g, 70%) [Org. Lett. 2003, 5, 2441-2444; J. Chem. Soc. Perkin. Trans 1 1999, 1505-1510; J. Org: Chem. 1993, 58, 2232-2243; J Org. Chem. 1999, 58, 95-99; Org. Lett. 2000, 2, 2291-2293; Org. Lett. 2002, 4, 2409-2412],
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 1: 3): Rf, = 0.3; detection: CMA
Calc. Molecular weight for C<sub>2</sub>8H4oN<sub>2</sub>OeS¡: 528; (M + H)<sup>+</sup> found: 529
Phase T77-4. Acetylene 77-3 (3 g, 5.67 mmol) was dissolved in EtOH (30 mL) and purged with nitrogen for 10 min. PtO was added<sub>2</sub> (10 mol%, 300 mg) and the mixture was purged with a hydrogen gas filled balloon. The mixture was then loaded into a Parr bomb, rinsed with hydrogen (fill with hydrogen at 80 psl, then release and refill, this fill-fill-fill cycle is repeated three times), and held with hydrogen at 80 psl at room temperature overnight. The reaction mixture was filtered through a Cellte bed (use methanol to wash the residue on the Cellte) and the filtrate along with the washing solutions were concentrated under low pressure to provide a practically pure sample (NMR <sup>1</sup>Clean H), but 77-4 color in quantitative yield. Further purification was achieved by exposing this material to flash chromatography. The product 77-4 has the same Rf as the starting material (77-3), so NMR<sup>1</sup>H is the best way to distinguish them.
TLC [(hexanes / ethyl acetate, 1: 3); Rf; = 0.3 detection: CMA]
Calc. Molecular weight for C<sub>2</sub>8H44N<sub>2</sub>OeS¡: 532, (M + H)<sup>+</sup> found: 533
Phase T77-5. 77-4 (3g, 5.6mmol) was dissolved in anhydrous THF (200ml). TBAF (6.7 mmol, 7 ml) was added to the clear solution and the mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. The solution was then poured into ice water.
139
ES 2 646 887 T3
The aqueous solution was extracted with dichloromethane (3 x 200 ml). The organic layer was washed sequentially with saturated citrate buffer (1 x 200 ml), water (200 ml), and brine (200 ml). The washed organic extract was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under low pressure to provide an oily residue. This syrup was purified by flash chromatography (hexanes / AcOEt, 1: 2) to provide Ddz-T77 as a syrup (2.10 g, 90% yield). TLC (hexanes / AcOEt, 1: 2): Rf = 0.3; detection: ninhydrin
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla): δ 1.73 (s, 6H), 1.75 (m, 2H), 2.65 (m, 2H), 3.15 (m, 2H), 3.75 (s, 6H) , 3.90 (m, 2H), 4.50 (m, 2H), 5.01 (br, 1H), 6.30 (s, 1H), 6.50 (s, 2H), 6.80 ( m, 1H), 7.40 (m, 1H), 8.01 (m, 1H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCla): δ 27.23 (CH2), 29.24 (CHa), 29.71 (CH2), 40.17 (CH2), 55.44 (CH3), 62.76 (CH2), 69, 11 (CH2), 80.76 (Cq), 98.24 (CH), 103.24 (CH), 117.54 (CH), 124.68 (Cq), 138.82 (CH), 144.17 (CH), 149.45 (Cq), 155.50 (Cq), 160.84 (Cq), 162.03 (Cq).
Calc. Molecular weight for C22H3üN2O6: 418; (M + H) + found: 419
Example 2
Synthesis of representative macrocyclic compounds
The following are representative examples for the macrocyclic compounds of the disclosure. For solid phase procedures, all yields are recorded starting from 300-325 mg PS-aminomethyl resin (2.0 mmol / g loading) unless otherwise indicated. The clamping of the first functional block, BB3, ranges from 100% to 55% for the most difficult residues, typically sterically congested structures such as Ile or Val. The remaining assemblies for BB2 and BB1 proceed in an average yield of 80-90%. The binding of the tie using the Mitsunobu Reaction produces a yield ranging from 50-90% of the desired linear precursor. Macrocycling itself produces an average yield ranging from 20-50%. There is minimal loss of performance in post-cycling processing.
All retention time values presented here are based on the UV portion of the HPLC data. In the HPLC procedure, ELSD and CLND data (not listed) were also procured to better assess the purity of the final products, and for quantification (CLND). All compounds were analyzed using the same HPLC conditions. Details for the HPLC procedure used were as follows: Column: XTerra EM C18 4.6 x 50 mm, 3.5 pm from Waters, HPLC: Alliance 2695 from Waters; MS: Platform LC from Micromass / Waters; CLND: 8060 from Antek; pDa: 996 from Waters; Gradient_B4: (i) 0 to 50% MeOH: 0.1% aqueous TFA in 6 min, (ii) 3 min to 50% MeOH: 0.1% aqueous TFA; (iii) 50 to 90% MeOH: 0.1% aqueous TFA in 5 min; (iv) 3 min at 90% MeOH: 0.1% aqueous TFA. The retention time (ír) for the compound is listed.
Modifications were made to the standard procedures for compounds 58, 99, 201, 203, and 215.
Compound 1
Yield: 33.4 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.53, 8.41, 8.34 (J doublets = 8.7 Hz for all, 1H); 8.13-8.06, 7.82-7.75 (multiplets, 1H); 7.30-7.05 (m, 8H); 6.90-6.77 (m, 2H);
4.58-4.46, 4.40-4.29, 4.27-4.16 (multiplets, 1H); 4.09-3.99, 3.97-3.82 (multiplets, 2H); 3.77-3.44 (m, 2H); 3,373.19 (m, 4H); 3.15, 3.08 (2s, 2H); 2.98-2.86 (m, 5H); 2.52 (s, 3H); 1.94-1.75, 1.60-1.30 (multiplets, 2H); 1.22 (brs, 4H); 0.86-0.75 (m, 3H).
HRMS calc. for C29H4ÜN4O4; 508.3049; found 508.3040 ± 0.0015.
HPLC Ir = 8.94 min.
Compound 3
Yield: 3320 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.54 (d, J = 9.4 Hz), 8.43-8.36 (m), and 8.12 (ta, J = 5.65 Hz) (1 HOUR); 7.90 (d, J = 6.6Hz), 7.79-7.72 (m) (1H); 7.30-7.05 (m, 6H); 6.90-6.76 (m, 3H); 4.60-4.50 (m), 4.43 (d, J = 18.3 Hz), 4.26-4.16 (m) (1H); 4.13-4.02 (m, 1H); 4.01-3.84 (m, 2H); 3.74-3.41 (m, 2H); 3.17, 3.09 (2s, 3H); 2.99-2.86 (m, 5H); 2.43-2.18 (m, 1H); 1.97-1.75 (m, 3H); 1.72-1.39 (m, 1H); 0.96 (d, 5.76Hz, 3H); 0.93-0.77 (m, 2H); 0.68 (d, 5.76Hz, 3H). HRMS calc. for C28H38N4O4; 494,2893; found 494.2888 ± 0.0015.
HPLC ír = 8.11 min.
Compound 4
Yield: 15.3 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, CD3CN): δ 7.48-7.19 (m, 6H); 7.13-6.98 (m, 3H); 4.71-4.51 (m, 3H); 4.48-4.32 (m, 1H); 4.26140
ES 2 646 887 T3
4.01 (m, 1H); 3.79-3.57 (m, 2H); 3.48-3.20 (m, 3H); 3.19-3.06 (m, 5H); 3.01-2.89 (m, 2H); 2.80-2.62 (m, 2H); 2,091.96 (m, 3H); 1.94-1.70 (m, 1H); 1.57-1.36 (m, 4H); 1.32-1.26 (m, 1H); 1.08-0.97 (m, 3H).
HRMS calc. for C29H40N4O4; 508.3049; found 508.3045 ± 0.0015
HPLC tR = 8.37 min
Compound 6
Yield: 28.2 mg of macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-D6): δ 10.80 (s, 1H); 8.46 (d, J = 9.65 Hz), 8.36-8.28 (m), 8.14-8.07 (m), and 8.02 (d, J = 9.65 Hz) (1 HOUR); 7.73-7.65 (m), 7.59 (d, 8.2 Hz), and 7.51 (d, J = 8.2 Hz) (1H); 7.3 (d, J = 8.2 Hz, 1H); 7.16-6.91 (m, 5H); 6.89-6.76 (m, 2H); 4.62-4.49 (m) and 4.42-4.24 (m) (1H); 4.15-3.81 (m, 2H); 3.77-3.43 (m, 2H); 3.41-3.19 (m, 6H); 3.22-2.85 (m, 6H); 2.52 (s, 3H); 1.89-1.69 (m, 1H); 1.59-1.02 (m, 4H); 0.88-0.74 (m, 3H).
HRMS calc. for C30H39N5O4; 533,3002; found 533.2990 ± 0.0016.
HPLC tR = 8.22 min.
Compound 8
Yield: 74.9 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification). From 600-650 mg of starting resin.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 9.47 (s), 9.07 (s) (1H) and 8.32 (s) (2H); 7.94 (d, 6.6 Hz, 1H); 7.60-7.42 (m, 2H); 7.38 (d, 9.0 Hz, 1H); 7.28-7.04 (m, 7H); 6.93 (t, 8.1 Hz, 1H); 6.60 (d, J = 14.4 Hz) and 6.39-6.27 (m) (1H); 4,514.38 (m, 1H); 4.29-4.08 (m, 2H); 3.87-3.63 (m, 2H); 3.40-3.13 (m, 2H); 2.94 (t, J = 14.1 Hz, 1H); 2.53-2.50 (m, 1H); 2.32-2.17 (m, 1H); 1.86-1.06 (m, 10H); 0.95-0.79 (m, 6H).
HRMS calc. for C32H42N4O4; 546.3206; found 546.3198 ± 0.0016.
HPLC tR = 9.02 min.
Compound 9
Yield: 33.7 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.48 (s, 1H); 7.92 (d, J = 5.3Hz, 1H); 7.81 (d, J = 8.5 Hz, 1H); 7.26-7.08 (m, 7H); 6.88-6.75 (m, 2H); 4.30 (rt, J = 10.1 Hz, 1H); 4.0 (t, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H); 3.87 (da, J = 8.6 Hz, 1H); 3.70-3.58 (m, 1H); 3.4-3.25 (m, 1H); 3.04-2.85 (m, 3H); 2.73 (d, 7.67Hz, 1H); 2.53 (s, 3H); 2.35-2.09 (m, 2H); 1.92-1.44 (m, 8H); 1.42-1.18 (m, 2H); 0.85, 0.81 (2 doublets, J = 6.76 Hz, 6H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (75 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 176.15; 173.20; 171.27; 157.18; 140.08; 130.72; 130.52; 129.71; 128.64; 127.87; 126.62; 120.88; 111.44; 68.29; 67.10; 66.99; 55.24; 48.42; 41.11; 41.03; 39.36; 36.93; 35.77; 34.65; 32.38; 30.55; 29.96; 23.83; 22.65; 19.87.
HRMS calc. for C31H42N4O4; 534.3206; found 534.2139 ± 0.0016.
HPLC tR = 9.29 min.
Compound 10
Yield: 19.2 mg of pure macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 8.53, 8.41, 8.38 (doublets, J = 8.8, 8.5, 8.5 Hz, 1H); 8.16-8.05, 7.87-7.71 (multiplets, 1H); 7.31-7.04 (m, 7H); 6.91-6.75 (m, 2H); 4.60-4.45, 4.39-4.30, 4.28-4.16 (m, 1H), 4.10-4.00, 3.973.83 (m, 2H); 3.73-3.46 (m, 2H); 3.22-3.20 (m 1H), 3.16, 3.09 (2 s, 3H), 2.45-2.39 (m, 1H); 2.99-2.86 (m, 1H); 2.85-2.58 (m, 5H); 2.48-2.22 (m, 1H); 2.07 (s, 1H), 1.95-1.78 (m, 1H), 1.75-1.42 (m, 1H), 1.42-1.17 (m, 4H), 0.880, 77 (m, 3H).
HRMS calc. for C28H38N4O4; 494,2893; found 494.2888 ± 0.0015 HPLC tR = 8.27 min.
Compound 221
Yield: 50.3 mg of macrocycle were obtained (CLND quantification).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (300 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 7.86 (d, J = 6.7 Hz) and 7.65-7.58 (m) (1H); 7.28-7.06 (m, 7H); 6.88 (d, 8.06 Hz, 1H); 6.81 (t, J = 6.7Hz, 1H); 4.07-3.91 (m, 3H); 3.77-3.65 (m, 1H); 3.56-3.38 (m, 2H); 3.35-3.25 (m, 3H); 3.25141
ES 2 646 887 T3
3.07 (m, 2H); 3.04-2.63 (m, 3H); 2.52 (s, 3H); 2.01-1.71 (m, 4H); 1.66-1.49 (m, 2H); 1.47-1.17 (m, 4H); 0.90-0.78 (m, 3H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (75 MHz, DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>): δ 172.15; 170.81; 170.74; 157.29; 139.62; 130.76; 130.56; 129.56; 128.82; 61.73; 59.29; 56.37; 47.90; 41.11; 41.03; 39.36; 35.81; 35.43; 30.23; 30.03; 29.63; 25.12; 19.15; 14.66.
HRMS cale, for C30H40N4O4; 520.3049; found 520.3041 ± 0.0016.
HPLC t<sub>R</sub> = 8.30 min.
Example 3
Alternative synthetic strategies
Certain alternative synthetic strategies that lend themselves to the larger scale synthesis of the compounds of the present disclosure are discussed below.
A. LS1 Procedure for Large Scale Representative Synthesis of Disclosure Compounds
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0077.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0078.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0079.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0080.tif" />
142
ES 2 646 887 T3
LS1-A phase: Synthesis of LS1-8
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0081.tif" />
Cbz-T33a (2.4 g, 7.0 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (50 ml) NBS (1.5 g, 8.4 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) And PPh3 (2.2 g, 8.4 mmol, 1.2 equiv.). The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight and aqueous NH4Cl solution was added. The aqueous phase was extracted with CH<sub>2</sub>Cl<sub>2</sub> (2x) and the combined organic phases were extracted with a NH solution<sub>4</sub>Saturated aqueous Cl to remove the succinimide by-product. The organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub> and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (AcOEt 20%, hexanes 80%) to provide bromide LS1-8a as a yellow oil (2.6 g, 91%).
TLC (30% AcOEt, 70% hexanes); Rf = 0.56; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCIs): δ 7.37-7.26 (5H, m, Ph), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m, Ph), 6.90 (1H, t, Ph), 6.83 (1H, d, Ph), 5.10 (2H, s, NHC (O) OCH<sub>2</sub>Ph), 4.96 (1H, broad, NHCbz), 4.59 (1H, sextuplet, PhOCH (CH3) CH<sub>2</sub>Br), 3.58-3.47 (2H, m, CH<sub>2</sub>Br), 3.19 (2H, c, CH ^ NHCbz), 2.67 (2H, t, PhCH2CH2), 1.78 (2H, quint, PhCH2CH.2), 1.44 (3H, d, CHCHs) . LC / MS (Grad_A4): tp = 11.15 min
Phase LS1-B1: Synthesis of LS1-10
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0082.tif" />
The hydrochloride salt of H-Nva-OMe was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (1 M) and saturated with NaCl to ensure extraction of all free amines. The aqueous solution was extracted with AcOEt (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The free amine, H-Nva-OMe, was recovered in 90% yield. It is important to carry out the alkylation with the free amine (H-Nva-OMe) to eliminate the formation of chloride (OTs to Cl) as a secondary reaction. Bromide LS1-8a (740 mg, 1.83 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And H-Nva-OMe (479 mg, 3.60 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) Were added in a dry round bottom flask. Degassed DMF (3.7 ml) (stirring in vacuo for 30 min), Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> anhydrous (232 mg, 2.19 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) and KI (61 mg, 0.37 mmol, 0.2 equiv.) and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C overnight. Water was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>Or (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with water (2x), then brine (1x). The organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (30% AcOEt: 70% hexanes) to provide secondary amine LS1-10 as a yellow oil (709 mg, 85%).
TLC (30% AcOEt, 70% hexanes); R<sub>F</sub>= 0.32; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCIs): δ 7.35-7.29 (5H, m, Ph), 7.17-7.12 (2H, m, Ph), 6.91-6.84 (2H, m, Ph) , 5.51 (1H, broad, CH2NHCHRR '), 5.09 (2H, s, OCH2Ph), 4.67-4.51 (1H, m, PhOCH (CHs) R), 3.65 (3H, s , C (O) OCHs), 3.24-3.10 (3H, m, NHCH (Pr) CO2Me and CH<sub>2</sub>NHCbz), 2.87-2.41 (4H, m, PhCH2CH2 and NHCH<sub>2</sub>CH (Me) OPh), 1.86-1.76 (2H, m, PhCH2CH2), 1.70-1.63 (2H, m, CH3CH2CH2), 1.36-1.28 (2H, m, CH3CH2CH2 ), 1.23 (3H, d, CHCHs), 0.90 (3H, t, CH3CH2CH2).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCIs): δ 176.44, 156.88, 155.58, 137.14, 131.16, 130.57, 128.68, 128.34, 128.21, 127.33, 120.79, 112.62, 73.16, 66.62, 61.30, 54.21.51.95, 40.86, 36.02, 30.60, 27.88, 19.20, 17.80, 14, 07.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): tp = 6.76 min
LS1-B2 phase: Alternative synthesis of LS1-10
To a solution of Cbz-T33a alcohol (8.5 g, 24.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub> (125 ml) Et<sub>3</sub>N (10.4 ml, 74.1 mmol, 3.0 equiv.), TsCI (5.2 g, 27.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) And DMAP (302 mg, 2.47 mmol, 0, 1 equiv.). The mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature and then an aqueous NH solution was added.<sub>4</sub>Saturated Cl. The
143
ES 2 646 887 T3 aqueous phase with CH2Cl2 (2x) and the combined organic phases were dried over MgSC> 4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (30% AcOEt, 70% hexanes) to provide LS1-8b tosylate as an oil (9.4 g, 90%).
TLC (50% AcOEt, 50% hexanes); R<sub>F</sub> = 0.47; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 7.74 (2H, d, Ph), 7.36-7.26 (7H, m, Ph), 7.14-7.08 (2H, m, Ph), 6.88 (1H, t, Ph), 6.74 (1H, d, Ph), 5.10 (2H, s, NHC (O) OCH<sub>2</sub>Ph), 4.97 (1H, broad, NHCbz), 4.61-4.55 (1H, m, PhOCH (CH<sub>3</sub>) CH<sub>2</sub>OTs), 4,194.05 (2H, m, CH<sub>2</sub>OTs), 3.15 (2H, c, CH<sub>2</sub>NHCbz), 2.56 (2H, td, PhCFbCH ^, 2.42 (3H, s, PhCH<sub>3</sub>) 1.74 (2H, quint, PhCH<sub>2</sub>CH2), 1.27 (3H, d, CHCH<sub>3</sub>)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 156.67, 155.05, 145.20, 137.04, 133.02, 131.16, 130.65, 130.11, 128.72, 128.28, 128.23, 128.10, 127.39, 121.50, 112.87, 71.99, 71.42, 66.68, 40.79, 30.32, 27.57, 21.87, 16.74.
LC-MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 11.02 min
The application of the procedure in Phase LS1-B1, substituting tosylate LSI-8b as the alkylating agent, provided 73% yield of LS1-10 with 2 equiv. by H-Nva-OMe.
LS1-C1 phase: Synthesis of LS1-7
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0083.tif" />
To a solution of LS1-10 amine (697 mg, 1.53 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In THF / H<sub>2</sub>O (1: 1, 15 ml) at 0 ° C Na was added<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3 </sub>(244 mg, 1.68 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) And (Boc)<sub>2</sub>0 (366 mg, 1.68 mmol, 1.1 equiv.), Then the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 36-48 h. THF was evaporated under reduced pressure and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>Or (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with brine and dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The Boc compound was obtained as a yellow oil and was used without further purification for the next reaction.
TLC (30% AcOEt, 70% hexane): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.49; detection: UV and CMA
To a solution of crude Boc compound in THF / H<sub>2</sub>O (1: 1, 15 ml) LiOH (309 mg, 7.35 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) Was added and the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. THF was evaporated under reduced pressure and the remaining aqueous basic phase was acidified with 1M HCl to pH 3 (pH paper). The aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt and the combined organic phases with water and brine. The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. LS1-7 carboxylic acid was obtained as a yellow oil (687 mg, 83%, 2 phase).
TLC (50% AcOEt, 50% hexane); R<sub>F</sub> = 0.32; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 176.11, 156.81, 155.51, 155.18, 136.93, 131.13, 130.37, 128.72, 128.31, 127.44, 121.20, 113.70, 81.36, 73.40, 66.79, 61.99, 40.80, 32.83, 31.56, 30.33, 28.48, 27.48, 20.10, 17, 53, 14.11.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 12.50 min
Phase LS1-C2: Divergent synthetic pathway (without amine protection)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0084.tif" />
The H-Nva-OtBu HCl was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (1M) and saturated with NaCl to ensure extraction of all free amines. This aqueous solution was extracted with AcOEt (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure.
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ES 2 646 887 T3
About 90% of the free amine, H-Nva-OtBu, was recovered. It is important to carry out alkylation with the free amine (H-Nva-OtBu) to eliminate the formation of chloride by-product (OTs -> Cl).
Tosylate LS1-8b (1.0 g, 2.01 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And H-Nva-OtBu (752 mg, 4.02 mmol, 2.0 equiv.) Were added in a dry round bottom flask. ). Degassed DMF (4 ml) (stirring in vacuo for 30 min) and Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> anhydrous (256 mg, 2.41 mmol, 1.2 equiv., note other bases were less effective) and the mixture was stirred at 110 ° C overnight. Water was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>Or (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with water (2x) and brine (1x). The organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (30% EtOAc: 70% hexanes) to provide the free amine, LS1-12, as a yellow oil (6S3 mg, 75%). This crude secondary amine (1.0 equiv.) Was dissolved in 4M HCl / dioxane (10 equiv.) And the mixture was stirred overnight at room temperature. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and Et was added<sub>2</sub>Or to the residue. A white precipitate formed upon addition of hexanes to the mixture. The precipitate was filtered and rinsed with cold hexanes to provide the desired amino acid, LS1-13, as a white solid.
TLC (50% AcOEt, 50% hexane); R<sub>F</sub> = 0.71; detection: UV and CMA
Despite the presence of the free amine, LS1-13 has been used in the remaining part of the synthetic scheme to successfully access the desired macrocycle.
Phase LS1-D: Synthesis of the dipeptide LS1-6
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0085.tif" />
The tosylate salt of H- (D) Phe-OBn was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Na2CO<sub>3</sub> 1 M and said solution was extracted with
AcOEt (3x). The combined organic phases were extracted with brine, dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The free amine H- (D) Phe-OBn was recovered in 90% yield. Boc (D) NMeAla-OH (2.5 g, 12.35 mmol, 1.05 equiv.), 6-Cl HOBt (2.0 g, 11.76 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And DIPEA were added (10.2 ml, 5S, S mmol, 5.0 equiv.) To a solution of H- (D) Phe-OBn (3.0 g, 11.76 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In THF / CH2Cl2 1/1 (60 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0 ° C and EDCI (2.4s g, 12.94 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) Was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 h
0 ° C and at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in
AcOEt. The organic phase was washed sequentially with a 1 M aqueous solution of citrate buffer (pH 3.5, 2x), an aqueous solution of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> saturated (2x) and brine (1x). The organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The dipeptide was obtained as a yellow oil and used as obtained for the next phase (5.3 g, 100%). The dipeptide was dissolved in a HCl / dioxane solution (4 M, 30 ml, 10 equiv.), Then 50 ml of dioxane was added to facilitate stirring and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature; a heterogeneous solution was obtained. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and further dried on a mechanical vacuum pump. The hydrochloride salt LS1-6 was obtained as a pale yellow solid (4.4 g, 100%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d6): δ 9.40-S, 70 (3H, d and 2 broad, C (O) NH and CH3NH2 + CI<sup>-</sup>), 7.39-7.17 (10H, m, Ph), 5.11 (2H, s,
C (O) OCH2Ph), 4.69-4.61 (1H, m, CHCH3), 3.69 (1H, dd, CHCH2Ph), 3.31 (3H, s, CH3NH2 + CI<sup>-</sup>), 3.17-3.11 and 2.972.90 (CHCH ^ Ph), 1.2S (3H, d, CHCH3)
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-d6): δ 171.33, 169.1S, 137.63, 136.31, 129.92, 129.11, 12S, 95, 12S, S3, 12S, 63, 127.30, 67, 00, 56.57, 54.3S, 36.9S, 31.11, 16.47.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): ír = 6.17 min
Phase LS1-E: Synthesis of the amino acid LS1-5
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0086.tif" />
LS1-6 hydrochloride salt (95S mg, 2.55 mmol, 1.0 equiv.), DIPEA (2.2 ml, 12, S mmol, 5.0 equiv.) And HATU (1.07 g, 2 , S1 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) To a solution of acid LS1-7 (1.45 g, 2.67 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) In 1/1 tHf / CH2Cl2 (13 ml) at 0 ° C . The mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated and the residue was
145
ES 2 646 887 T3 dissolved in AcOEt. The organic phase was washed sequentially with a 1 M aqueous solution of buffer buffer (pH = 3.5, 2x), an aqueous solution of NaHCO<sub>3</sub> saturated (2x), and then with brine (1x). The organic phase was dried over MgSO<sub>4</sub>, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (gradient: 20% EtOAc, 80% hexanes to 30% EtOAc, 70% hexanes) to provide the desired fully protected tripeptide as a sticky pale yellow foam (1.6 g, 73%). .
TLC (50% AcOEt, 50% hexanes): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.78; detection: UV and CMA LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 15.15 min
A 10% Pd / C (20% by weight, 315 mg) was added to a solution of the alkylated and protected tripeptide (1.5 g, 1.75 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In AcOEt (23 ml) and hydrogen was subsequently bubbled through the solution. The mixture was stirred overnight under a hydrogen atmosphere. Nitrogen was bubbled through the reaction and the mixture was subsequently filtered on a Cellte bed and rinsed with AcOEt. The combined filtrate was evaporated under reduced pressure to provide LS1-5 as a white solid (1.1 g, quantitative).
TLC (50% AcOEt, 50% hexanes): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.52; detection: UV and CMA CLEM (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 8.23 min
Phase LS1-F: Macrocloning and final deprotection
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0087.tif" />
DIPEA (68 µl, 0.39 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) And DEPBT (28 mg, 0.094 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) Were added to a solution of LS1-5 knockout precursor (50 mg, 0.08 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in THF (3.2 ml, for a concentration of 25 mM) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was evaporated under reduced pressure and the residue was purified by flash chromatography (1% MeOH, 99% CH<sub>2</sub>CI<sub>2</sub>) to provide the LS111 Boc-protected macrocycle as a white solid (40 mg, 0.064 mmol, 80%). On a scale of 1 g of LS1-5 precursor at a reaction concentration of 25 mM, the yield was 73%.
TLC (5:95 MeOHOCM): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.43; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub> 60 ° C): δ 7.62. (1 H, d, NH), 7.47 (1H, broad, NH), 7.27-7.08 (7H, m, Ph), 6.85-6 , 79 (2H, m, Ph), 4.78 (1H, broad), 4.51-4.38 (1H, m), 4.11-4.02 (2H, m), 3.62-3 , 56 (1H, m), 3.32-3.04 (5H, m), 2.92 (3H, s, N-CH<sub>3</sub>), 2.72-2.46 (2H, m), 1.90-1.59 (4H, m), 1.46 (9H, s, C (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>), 1.28-1.06 (8H, m), 0.65 (3H, t, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-de): δ 172.03, 171.07, 155.83, 155.60, 139.69, 131.82, 130.82, 129.69, 128.73, 127.73, 126, 75, 121.06, 113.40, 80.66, 74.75, 57.22, 56.66, 50.49, 35.88, 33.72, 32.71, 30.41.28.68, 19.35, 18.44.14.95, 14.19. LC-MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 12.82 min
The macrocycle LS1-11 (565 mg, 0.91 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) Was dissolved in a solution of 4 M HCl / dloxane (4.6 ml, 20 equiv.) And the mixture was stirred for 2 h at room temperature. environment. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and placed under vacuum (oil pump) to provide the final macrocycle of Compound 410 as a white solid (508 mg, 100%).
Chiral HPLC did not indicate any racemotion when compared to its (L) -antipode at position AA<sub>3</sub>.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-de, 60 ° C): δ 9.38 (1H, broad), 8.28 (1H, d), 8.13 (1H, broad), 7.81 (1H, t), 7, 28-7.13 (7H, m, Ph), 6.93-6.87 (2H, m, Ph), 4.84-4.77 (1H, m), 4.54-4.40 (3H , m), 3.35-3.07 (6H, m), 2.94 (3H, s, N-CH<sub>3</sub>), 2.902.81 and 2.64-2.47 (2H, m), 1.85-1.64 (4H, m), 1.38-1.21 (5H, m), 1.10 (3H , d, CH<sub>3</sub>), 0.88 (3H, t, CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCb): δ 171.92, 171.46, 170.44, 155.11, 139.07, 131.68, 130.47, 129.87, 128.67, 127.54, 126.90, 121.50, 112.94, 69.83, 67.03, 58.14, 56.33, 55.61.55.29, 53.88, 50.48, 37.29, 32.29, 31, 08, 29.70, 28.58, 18.15, 17.89, 15.20, 14.55.
LC-MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 6.23 min chiral LC (Grad35A-05): t<sub>R</sub> = 26.49 min chiral LC (Grad40A-05): t<sub>R</sub> = 26.54 min
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ES 2 646 887 T3
B. LS2 Procedure for Large Scale Representative Synthesis of Disclosure Compounds
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0088.tif" />
LS2-23
Phase LS2-A: Synthesis of the dipeptide LS2-21
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0089.tif" />
I <sub>z</sub>.n ^ co<sub>2</sub>h _
I
LS2-24 (R = Z) LS2-21 (R = H)
A stirring suspension of H- (D) Phe-OtBu.HCI (5 g, 0.02 mol, 1 equiv.) And Z- (D) NMeAla-OH (4.98 g, 0.021 mol, 1, 05 equiv.) In 130 ml of anhydrous THF-DCM (1: 1) at room temperature with DIPEA (17.50 ml, 0.1 mol, 5 equiv.) And 6-CI-HOBt (3.40 g, 0 , 02 mol, 1 equiv.). The mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature for several minutes, cooled in an ice bath and subsequently EDCI (4.20 g, 0.022 mol, 1.1 equiv) was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 hr. After this period of time, the ice bath was removed and the mixture was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in 100 ml of AcOEt and washed with a citrate buffer solution (1 N, 2 x 100 ml), a solution of> 3 saturated NaHCC (2 x 100 ml) and brine. The organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, filtered and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure to provide 9.25 g (100%) of a colorless oil, LS2-24.
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 1: 1): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.3; detection: CMA and UV
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 1.25 (m, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 2.66 (s, 3H), 2.85 (dd, 1H), 3.15 (dd, 1H) , 4.70 (q, 2H), 5.15 (s, 2H), 6.50 (br, 1H), 7.15 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.35 ( m, 5H).
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0090.tif" />
170,01.
LC / MS (Grad_A4); ír = 9.73 min; mass found: 440
The LS2-24 dipeptide (6.9 g, 0.015 mol) was dissolved in AcOEt (100 ml), subsequently purged with nitrogen for 10 min. The 10% Pd -C (690 mg) was added and the mixture was purged with a hydrogen gas filled balloon. The mixture was then hydrogenated at atmospheric pressure using a balloon of H<sub>2</sub>. After 12 h, the reaction mixture was filtered through a short pad of Celite, and the filter cake was washed with AcOEt. The combined filtrate and wash solutions were concentrated under reduced pressure to yield the virtually pure (clean NMR), colorless, solid compound LS2-21 (4.30 g, 90%) which was used directly in the next step without further purification.
TLC (100% AcOEt): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.1; detection: CMA and UV.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCb): δ 1.20 (d J = 7.03 Hz, 3H) (s, 9H), 2.40 (s, / H), 3.01-3.20 (m, 3H), 4 , 80 (q, 1H), 7.20 (m, 5H), 7.60 (m, 1H).
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0091.tif" />
LCMS (Grad_A4): ír = 5.86 min; Mass found: 306
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ES 2 646 887 T3
Phase LS2-B: Synthesis of the tripeptide LS2-22
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0092.tif" />
A suspension of dipeptide LS2-21 (2 g, 6.50 mmol, 1 equiv.) And Bts-Nva-OH (LS2-28, 2.15 g, 6.85 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) Was treated in 32 ml anhydrous DCM at 0 ° C with DIPeA (4.50 ml, 0.026 mol, 4 equiv.) And hAtU (2.72 g, 7.18 mmol, 1.1 equiv.). The mixture was vigorously stirred at 0 ° C for 1 hr. After this time, the ice bath was removed and the reaction was stirred at room temperature overnight. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in 30 ml of AcOEt. The organic phase was washed sequentially with a 1N citrate buffer solution (2 x 30 ml), NaHCO solution<sub>3</sub> saturated (2 x 30 ml) and brine (1 x 30 ml). The organic layer was then dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography [ethyl acetate / hexanes (1/1)] to provide LS2-22 as a colorless solid (3.13 g, 80%).
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 3: 2): Rf = 0.3; detection: CMA and UV
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCls): δ 0.95 (m, 3H), 1.20 (d, 2H), 1.40 (s, 9H), 1.42-1.70 (m, 4H), 2.60 ( m, 2H), 2.90 (s, 3H), 4.40 (m, 1H), 4.80 (m, 1H), 4.92 (m, 1H), 6.10 (m, 1H), 6.30 (M, 1H), 6.40 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 2H), 7.20 (m, 3H), 7.40-7.60 (m, 2H), 7 , 90 (m, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCls): δ 23.42, 26.32, 33.12, 48.63, 49.10, 49.85, 77.56, 117.63, 120.67, 122.35, 122.93, 123.11, 123.80, 124.13, 124.68, 124.75, 131.45, 147.67, 165.16,165.68, 167.66.
LC-MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 11.48 min; Mass found: 602 LS2-C phase: Synthesis of LS2- 23
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0093.tif" />
A stirring suspension of LS2-22 tripeptide (0.4 g, 0.66 mmol) and LS2-9 bromide tie (0.5 g, 1.32 mmol, synthesized as in phase LS1-A for the corresponding Cbz derivative) in 1.33 ml of anhydrous DMF at room temperature with Kl (0.12 g, 0.66 mmol) and K<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> (0.185 g, 1.32 mmol). The mixture was vigorously stirred at 80 ° C for 24 hours. After this time, the mixture was cooled to room temperature, then 20 ml of water were added and the product was extracted with Et<sub>2</sub>O (3 x 30 ml). The combined organic layer was washed with brine (2 x 30 mL), dried over magnesium sulfate, and concentrated in vacuo. The residue was purified by flash chromatography [hexanes / ethyl acetate (1: 2)] to provide LS2-25 as a white solid (70%).
TLC (hexanes / ethyl acetate, 2: 1): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.4; detection: CMA and UV
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d6): δ 0.5 (m, 1H), 0.70 (m, 1H), 1.01-1.40 (m,) 1.60 (m, 3H), 1.80 ( m, 1H), 2.55 (m,), 2.95 (m, 4H), 3.1 (m, 2), 3.30 (m, 2H), 3.60 (m, 1H), 3 , 90 (m, 1H), 4.30 (m, 1H), 4.80 (m,), 6.80 (m, 3H), 7.05 (m, 6H), 7.60 (2H), 7.95 (m, 1H), 8.20 (m, 1H), 8.25 (m, 1H), 8.90 (s, 2H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCla): δ 13.84, 15.36, 17.40, 17.70, 19.40, 22.17, 27.52, 28.14, 28.67, 30.29, 31.27, 33.27; 38.01, 40.35, 51.02, 53.08, 54.35, 56.72, 70.25, 73.13, 81.10, 113.49, 120.94, 122.28, 125, 44, 127.01, 127.19, 127.19, 127.68, 127.68, 127.79, 128.64, 129.57,130.06, 136.2, 137.10, 165.10,170.10, 171.10.
LC-MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 15.10 min; Mass found: 892
100 mg of LS2-25 alkylated tripeptide (100 mg, 0.11 mmol) were treated with 2 ml of 50% TFA, 3% triethylsilane (TES) in DCM, then the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. After this time, all solvents were removed under reduced pressure. The crude compound LS2-23 was dried using a pump
148
ES 2 646 887 T3 under vacuum for 1 hr was used directly in the next phase without further purification. LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 8.55 min; Mass found: 737
LS2-D phase: Synthesis of LS2-26 (Macrolactamization)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0094.tif" />
DEPBT (41 mg, 0.14 mmol) was added to a stirred suspension of alkylated tripeptide 23 (0.12 mmol) and DIPEA (0.100 ml, 0.56 mmol) in 11.22 ml of anhydrous THF at room temperature. The mixture was vigorously stirred at room temperature overnight. Subsequently, the reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in 10 ml of AcOEt. The organic solution was washed sequentially with buffer (1 N, 2 x 30 mL), NaHCO<sub>3</sub> saturated (2 x 30 ml) and brine (1 x 30 ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography using [ethyl acetate / hexanes (3: 1)] to provide LS2-26 (Bts-410) as a white solid (80 mg, 98%).
TLC (ethyl acetate / hexanes, 3: 1): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.3; detection: CMA and UV
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCI<sub>3</sub>): δ 0.64 (m, 3H), 0.87 (m, 1H), 1.02 (m, 2H), 1.20 (m, 6H), 1.40 (m, 3H), 1, 60 (m, 4H), 1.80 (m, 10H, 2.01 (m, 1H), 2.40 (m, 1H), 2.80 (m, 1H), 3.15 (s, 3H ), 3.20 (m, 2H), 3.45 (m, 1H), 3.60-3.80 (m, 2H), 4.404.60 (dd, 2H), 4.70 (m, 2H) , 5.01 (m, 1H), 5.90 (m, 1H), 6.80 (m, 2H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 7.15-7.25 (m, 7H), 7.60 (m, 2H), 8.01 (m, 1H), 8.10 (m, 1H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCI<sub>3</sub>): δ 13.28, 13.55, 18.75, 18.98, 28.89, 29.92, 29.92, 33.19, 36.81, 36.98, 39.55, 51.94 , 53.83, 55.25, 59.51, 74.64, 111.66, 120.64, 122.51, 125.15, 127.10, 127.37, 127.84, 128.07, 128 , 86, 129.47, 130.51, 136.55, 137.30, 152.58, 155.86, 165.33, 169.75, 170.09, 171.66.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 13.17 min; Mass found: 719 chiral LC (ODRH column, Grad 55A-05): t<sub>R</sub> = 42,059.
Phase LS2-E: Synthesis of compound 410
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0095.tif" />
23 mg of K2CO3 and 10 µl of mercaptopropinoic acid were added at room temperature to a stirred suspension of macrocycle LS2-26 (40 mg, 0.003 mmol) in 0.110 ml of DMF, then the reaction was left overnight. The reaction was concentrated to dryness under reduced pressure and the crude residue was dissolved in 10 ml of AcOEt. The organic solution was washed with a saturated NaHCO solution<sub>3</sub> (2 x 30 ml), and brine (1 x 30 ml). The organic layer was dried over anhydrous sodium sulfate, filtered, and evaporated to dryness under reduced pressure. Thus, compound 410 was isolated at 90% yield.
TLC (100% AcOEt): R<sub>F</sub>= 0.2; detection: CMA and UV
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-de): δ 0.79 (m, 3H), 1.20 (m, 9H), 1.30 (Μ, 1H), 1.60 (m, 1H), 1.90 (m, 1H), 2.10 (bs, 1H), 2.35 (ddd, J = 4.98, 4.95, 4.69 Hz, 1H), 2.56 (bs, 1H), 2.63 (m , 1H), 2.80 (ddd, J = 4.99, 4.69, 4.40 Hz, 1H), 3.01-3.15 (m, 5H), 3.25 (dd, J = 4 , 69, 4.11 Hz, 1H), 3.30 (s, 2H), 3.55 (bs, 1H), 3.95 (c, J = 7.33, 7.04 Hz, 1H), 4.50 (bs, 1H), 6.80 (m, 1H), 6.90 (m, 1H), 7.10-7.30 (m, 7H), 7.70 (m, 2H).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-d<sub>6</sub>): δ 14.60, 14.84, 18.46, 18.85, 29.80, 29.96, 34.03, 35.84, 36.31, 40.68, 54.79, 55.67 , 57.77,
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ES 2 646 887 T3
58,11,73,42, 112,26, 120,58, 126,84, 127,81, 128,80, 129,73, 131,10, 140,10, 158,10, 172,10, 172,40, 176,10.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): ír = 6.19 min; Mass found: 522
Example 4
Synthesis and Biological Results for Representative Compound 298
A. Synthesis of the solution of compound 298
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0096.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0097.tif" />
(86% recrystallized) l<sup>r</sup>
Compound 298 (quant.)
Phase LS3-1. Synthesis of the hydrochloride salt of cyclopropylglycine methyl ester. Acetyl chloride (185 ml, 2.6 mol, 15 equiv.) Freshly distilled (from PCI5) was slowly added to a suspension of H-Cpg-OH (LS3-A, 20.0 g, 174 mmol, 1 , 0 equiv.) In anhydrous MeOH (350 mL) at 0 ° C over 45 min. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16-18 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC [MeOH / NH4OH / AcOEt (10: 2: 88); detection: ninhydrin; Rf = 0.50], The mixture was subsequently concentrated in vacuo, azeotroped with toluene (3x) and dried under high vacuum for 16-18 h to provide LS3-1 as a pale yellow solid (30 , 0 g,> 100% crude yield).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CD3OD): δ 4.88 (3H, s, NH3<sup>+</sup>), 3.85 (3H, s, CH3O), 3.36-3.33 (1H, d, NH<sub>3</sub><sup>+</sup>CHCH<sub>3</sub>O), 1.19-1.10 (1H, m,
CH (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>2</sub>), 0.83-0.53 (4H, m, CH (CH2)<sub>2</sub>).
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Phase LS3-2. Synthesis of the bromide tie. NBS (12.8 g, 72.0 mmol, 1.15 equiv., Larger amounts of NBS produced a debrominated side product) and PPh3 (18.9 g, 72.0 mmol, 1.15 equiv.) Were added to crude alcohol Cbz-T33a (21.5 g, 62.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous CH2Cl2 (250 mL). The round bottom flask was protected from light with aluminum foil and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16-18 h with monitoring by TLC [AcOEt / Hexanes (3: 7); detection: UV and CMA; Rf = 0.42]. Saturated NH4Cl aqueous solution (200 ml) was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with CH2Cl2 (2 x 150 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with saturated NH4Cl aqueous solution (2 x 200 mL), dried over MgSO4, filtered, and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography (AcOEt: hexanes, gradient, 5:95 to 15:85) to provide LS3-2 bromide as a slightly yellow oil (22.2 g, 88.4%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCls): δ 7.37-7.26 (5H, m, Ph), 7.19-7.13 (2H, m, Ph), 6.92-6.88 (1H, t, Ph) , 6.84-6.81 (1H, d, Ph), 5.10 (2H, s, NHC (O) OCH2Ph), 4.96 (1H, broad, NHCbz), 4.62-4.56 ( 1H, sextuplet, PhOCH (CHa) CH2Br), 3.583.45 (2H, m, CI ± Br), 3.22-3.16 (2H, c, CH-NHCbz). 2.69-2.64 (2H, t, PhCl ± CH2), 1.83-1.78 (2H, quint, PhCH2CH2), 1.45 (3H, d, CHCH3).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (CDCls): δ 156.66, 155.08, 136.99, 131.28, 130.77, 128.75, 128.32, 128.28, 127.49, 121.56, 113.03, 73.12, 66.76, 40.69, 36.12, 30.45, 27.48, 19.00.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 11.04 min
Phase LS3-3. The hydrochloride salt LS3-1 was dissolved in an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 (1M, 275 ml, 0.272 mol, 1.5 equiv.). The basic aqueous phase was saturated with NaCl and extracted with AcOEt / CH2Cl2 (2: 1) (5 x 100 ml). TLC [MeOH / NH4OH / AcOEt (10: 2: 88); detection: ninhydrin; Rf = 0.50]. The combined organic phases were dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo at room temperature to provide the free amino ester LS3-3 as a yellow oil (19.1 g, 85%, 2 phases). LS3-3 is volatile and should not be left in a mechanical vacuum pump for long periods of time. In order to minimize diketopiperazine formation, Phase LS3-4 should not occur immediately after isolation of LS3-3.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla): δ 3.70 (3H, s, CH3O), 2.88-2.85 (1H, d, NH2CHCH3O), 1.54 (1H, s, NH2), 1.04-0.97 (1H, m, CH (CH2) 2), 0.56-0.27 (4H, m, CH (CI ±) 2).
Phase LS3-4. Freshly prepared LS3-2 (47.2 g, 117 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And LS3-3 (19.1 g, 148 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) Were added to a dry round bottom flask. Anhydrous degassed DMF (117 ml), anhydrous Na2CO3 (14.8 g, 140 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) And KI (19.4 g, 117 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) Were added and the mixture stirred at 100 ° C in a nitrogen atmosphere for 16-18 h. The progress of the reaction was monitored by LC-MS and / or TLC. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, water (200 ml) was added and the aqueous phase was extracted with MTBE (3 x 100 ml). The combined organic phases were washed sequentially with water (2 x 100 ml) and brine (1 x 100 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified by flash chromatography [hexanes / AcOEt / DCM, gradient (85: 10: 5) to (50: 45: 5)] to provide LS3-4 as an orange oil (43.1 g, 81%) .
TLC [hexanes / AcOEt (1: 1)]: Rf = 0.35; detection: UV and CMA
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCla): δ 7.31-7.22 (5H, m, Ph), 7.07-7.03 (2H, m, Ph), 6.80-6.74 (2H, m, Ph) , 5.48 (1H, broad, CH2NHCHRR '), 5.00 (2H, s, OCH2Ph), 4.49-4.43 (1H, m, PhOCH (CH3) R), 3.56 (3H, s , C (O) OCH3), 3.18-3.11 (3H, m, NHCH (Pr) CO2Me and CH-NHCbz). 2.75-2.50 (4H, m, PhCH.-CH- and NHCI ± CH (Me) OPh), 1.76-1.68 (2H, m, PhCH2CH2), 1.19-1.14 ( 3H, d, PhOCH (CH3) R), 0.88-0.80 (1H, m, CH (CH2) 2), 0.46-0.13 (4H, m, CH (CI ±) 2).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): tR = 6.63 min
Phase LS3-5. Na2CO3 (15.1 g, 113.7 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) And (Boc) 2O (24.8 g, 142.1 mmol, 1.2 equiv.) Were added to a secondary amine solution LS3- 4 (43.0 g, 94.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In THF / H2O (1: 1.475 mL) at 0 ° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 24 h. The reaction was monitored by LC / MS and / or TLC. THF was evaporated in vacuo and the residual aqueous phase was extracted with MTBE (3 x 100 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (1 x 100 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated in vacuo to provide the crude LS3-5 as an orange oil (59.1 g,> 100% yield raw).
TLC [hexanes / AcOEt (1: 1)]: Rf = 0.57; detection: UV and CMA LC / MS (Grad_A4): 12.98 min.
Phase LS3-6. LiOH monohydrate (19.9 g, 474 mmol, 5.0 equiv.) Was added to a solution of LS3-5 (52.5 g, 94.7 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In THF / H2O (1 : 1.475 ml) at room temperature. The mixture was stirred for 16-18 hrs at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by LC / MS (Grad_A4): tR = 12.21 min. TLC [Hexanes / AcOEt (1: 1); detection: UV and CMA; Rf = base]. The reaction mixture was acidified with citrate buffer (1M, 3.5 pH) and the THF was then evaporated in vacuo. The residual aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt (3 x 150 ml), then the combined organic phases were washed with brine (1 x 100 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the carboxylic acid LS3 -6 as a white sticky solid (47.3 g, 93% for 2 phases).
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LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 12.16 min
Phase LS3-7. P-TSA (69.4 g, 0.37 mol, 1.2 equiv.) And benzyl alcohol (157 ml, 1.52 mol, 5.0 equiv.) Were added to a suspension of H- (D) Phe (4F) -OH (LS3-B, 55.6 g, 0.30 mol, 1.0 equiv.) In benzene (1.2 L). The mixture was stirred under reflux for 16-18 h in a Dean-Stark apparatus during which time a homogeneous solution was obtained. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and a white precipitate formed. The precipitate was diluted with Et2O (500 ml), filtered and triturated with Et2O (3 x 500 ml). The solid was dried in vacuo to provide LS3-7 as a white solid (126 g, 93.1%). Substitution of toluene for benzene resulted in a shortened reaction time of 2-3 h.
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d6): δ 8.40 (3H, sa, NHsCl), 7.47-7.36 (2H, d, Ph), 7.37-7.06 (11H, m, Ph), 5 , 15 (2H, s, OCH2Ph), 4.37 (1H, rt, CHCH2Ph), 3.09-3.05 (2H, m, CHCH ^ Ph), 2.27 (3H, s, CHsPh).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-d6): δ 169.52 163.83, 160.62, 140.01, 138.56, 135.48, 132.16, 132.04, 131.33, 131.28, 129.09 , 129.05, 128.84, 128.72, 127.09, 126.20, 116.18, 115.89, 67.83, 53.88, 35.83, 21.47.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 6.12 min
Melting point (uncorrected): 165-167 ° C.
Phase LS3-8. The tosylate salt LS3-7 (122 g) was incorporated into an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 (1 M, 500 ml). The resulting basic aqueous solution was extracted with AcOEt (4 x 500 ml) and the combined organic phases were washed with brine (1 x 250 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the amino ester LS3- 8 as a white solid (74.4 g, 99%).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (CDCls): δ 7.38-7.28 (5H, m, OCH2_Ph), 7.10-7.06 (2H, m, Ph (4F)), 6.96-6.90 (2H, m , Ph (4F)), 5.13 (2H, d, OCH2Ph), 3.76-3.71 (1H, t, CHCH2Ph), (2H, dc, CHCI ± Ph), 1.53 (2H, s , NH2)
Phase LS3-9. Boc- (D) NMeAla-OH (LS3-C, 57.1 g, 0.28 mol, 1.03 equiv.), 6-Cl-HOBt (46.2 g, 0.27 mol, 1, 0 equiv.) And DIPEA (238 ml, 1.37 mol, 5.0 equiv.) To a solution of LS3-8 (74.4 g, 0.27 mol, 1.0 equiv.) In anhydrous THF / CH2CL (1: 1, 1120 ml). The mixture was cooled to 0 ° C and EDCI (57.6 g, 0.3 mol, 1.1 equiv.) Was added. The mixture was stirred for 1 hr at 4 ° C, allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 18 hr. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was dissolved in AcOEt (1000 ml). The organic phase was washed sequentially with an aqueous solution of citrate buffer (1 M, 3.5 pH, 2 x 500 ml), H2O (1 x 500 ml), an aqueous solution of saturated NaHCO3 (CAUTION: CO2 has been developed , 2 x 500 ml) and brine (1 x 500 ml). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4 (180 g), filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure to provide the crude dipeptide LS3-9 as a yellow oil (127 g,> 100% crude yield).
Phase LS3-10. The LS3-9 oil was dissolved in 150 ml of dioxane, then a solution of 4 M HCl in dioxane (1360 ml, 20 equiv.) Was added and the mixture was stirred for 1 h at room temperature. The reaction was monitored by TLC [AcOEt / Hexanes (3: 2)]; Rf = base; detection: UV and ninhydrin]. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the resulting residue was co-evaporated with Et2O (2 x 500 mL), then dried in vacuo. Crude LS3-10 was obtained as a slightly yellow solid (96g, 89.7%). This was dissolved in hot 95% EtOH (200 ml), then MTBE (900 ml) was added. The mixture was cooled to room temperature, then placed in a freezer (-20 ° C) for 18 h. The resulting crystals were collected by filtration and washed with MTBE (2 x 200 ml), then dried in vacuo to provide crystalline dipeptide hydrochloride LS3-10 (62 g, 64.5% recovery).
NMR <sup>1</sup>H (DMSO-d6): δ 9.31-9.28 (1H, d, C (O) NH), 7.38-7.26 (7H, m, Ph), 7.09-7.04 ( 2H, m, Ph), 5.10 (2H, s, C (O) OCH2Ph), 4.65-4.57 (1H, m, CHCH3), 3.76-3.69 (1H, d, CHCH2Ph ), 3.15-3.08 and 2.99-2.91 (CHCI ± Ph), 2.221 (3H, s, CH3NH2<sup>+</sup>Cl-), 1.31-1.28 (3H, d, CHCH3).
NMR <sup>13</sup>C (DMSO-d6): δ 171.33, 169.18, 137.63, 136.31, 129.92, 129.11, 128.95, 128.83, 128.63, 127.30, 67, 00, 56.57, 54.38, 36.98, 31.11, 16.47.
LC / MS (Grad_A4): tR = 6.26 min
Chiral LC (Iso100B_05): t<sub>R</sub> = 29.6 min. 97% UV
Melting point (without correction): 140-142 ° C
Phase LS3-11. DIPEA (92 ml, 526 mmol, 6.0 equiv.) And HATU (34.9 g, 91.9 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) Were added to a solution of carboxylic acid LS3-6 (47.3 g, 87.6 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And LS3-10 dipeptide hydrochloride salt (36.2 g, 91.9 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) In anhydrous THF / CH2CL (1: 1) (438 ml) at 0 ° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16-18 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC [AcOEt / Hex (1: 1); Rf = 0.48; detection: UV and CMA]. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in AcOEt (250 ml). The organic phase was washed sequentially with an aqueous solution of citrate buffer (1 M, 3.5 pH, 3 x 150 ml), H2O (1 x 150 ml), an aqueous solution of saturated NaHCO3 (2 x 150 ml) and brine (1 x 150 ml). The organic phase was dried over MgSO4, filtered and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified
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LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 15.06 min
Phase LS3-12. A solution of alkylated tripeptide LS3-11 (69.0 g, 78.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In AcOEt (375 ml) was added to a 10% Pd / C suspension (13.8 g, 20% by weight) in AcOEt (150 ml), then hydrogen was bubbled through the solution for 16-18 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC [AcOEt / hexanes (1: 1); Rf = 0.22; detection: UV and CMA]. The mixture was purged by nitrogen sparge, filtered through a Celite pad and rinsed with AcOEt (3x). The combined filtrate and wash solutions were evaporated under reduced pressure to provide LS3-12 as a white solid (51.4 g, 100%).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): tR = 8.05 min
Phase LS3-13. A solution of 3.0 M HCl in dioxane / H2O (75:25, 525 mL, 1.57 mol, 20 equiv.) Was added to LS3-12 (51.4 g, 78.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv. .) and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1.5 h. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo, then the residue was mixed at constant boiling temperature with toluene (3x) and dried in vacuo to give crude LS3-13 as an off-white solid (58.0 g,> 100% performance).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): tR = 5.38 min.
Phase LS3-14. DIPEA (68.0 ml, 392 mmol, 7.0 equiv.) And DEPBT (25.8 g, 86.2 mmol, 1.1 equiv.) Were added to a solution of macrocyclic precursor LS3-13 (78.4 mmol based on LS3-12, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous THF (1.57 L, 50 mM). The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 16-18 hrs. The reaction was monitored by TLC [MeOH / AcOEt (1: 9); Rf = 0.38; detection: UV and CMA]. At the end of the reaction, there were significant amounts of DIPEA salts suspended in the solution. Before evaporation, these salts were filtered and washed with THF to avoid excessive shaking of the solution during evaporation. The solvent was evaporated in vacuo and the residue was incorporated into an aqueous solution of Na2CO3 (1M, 500 ml) and AcOEt (250 ml). The separated basic aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt (2 x 250 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (2 x 250 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated under reduced pressure. The crude material thus obtained was purified by flash chromatography [AcOEt: MeOH, gradient (100: 0) to (90:10)] to provide macrocycle 298 as a pale yellow solid (35.0 g , 83%, 2 phases).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 6.19 min
Phase LS3-15. 1.25 M HCl in EtOH (41.2 mL, 51.5 mmol, 1.5 equiv.) Was slowly added to crude 298 (18.5 g, 34.4 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) in anhydrous EtOH (100 ml). The mixture was stirred for 5 min, cooled to 0 ° C, and filtered while cold. The white precipitate was washed with cold anhydrous EtOH (3 x 75 ml) and dried in vacuo to provide the hydrochloride of compound 298 as an amorphous white solid (15.3 g, 88% recovery, corrected).
Purification of compound 298. The hydrochloride of amorphous compound 298 (14.2 g, 24.7 mmol) was dissolved in a hot mixture of EtOH / H2O (9: 1, 215 mL). The solution was cooled to room temperature and then placed in a freezer (-20 ° C) for 16-18 h. The crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold anhydrous EtOH (3 x 75 mL) to provide the hydrochloride of compound 298 as a white crystalline solid (12.4 g, 86% recovery). The hydrochloride of crystalline compound 298 (11.4 g, 19.9 mmol) was incorporated in 1 M Na2CO3 / AcOEt (1: 1, 200 ml) and stirred until complete dissolution of the solid. The separated basic aqueous phase was extracted with AcOEt (2 x 50 ml). The combined organic phases were washed with brine (1 x 50 ml), dried over MgSO4, filtered and evaporated in vacuo. The oil residue was dissolved in a minimal amount of AcOEt, then hexanes were added until the white precipitate formed. The mixture was evaporated and dried in vacuo to provide 298 as an amorphous white solid (11.1 g, 100% recovery). LC / MS (Grad_A4): 6.18 min; Purity (UV / ELSD / CLND): 100/100/100.
This reaction sequence has been repeated in comparable yields starting from 1 kg of Cbz-T33a, 518 g of LS3-A and 1 kg of LS3-B to yield more than 400 g of the desired macrocyclic product of compound 298 and / or the form of corresponding HCI salt. Similar procedures can be applied for other compounds of the disclosure.
Alternatively, Cpg t-butyl ester (LS3-14), produced under standard conditions, can be used as described in Step LS3-4 to provide alkylated Cpg LS3-15 by reaction with Cbz-T33a. This, without protection of the secondary amine on LS3-16 produced by a standard acid deprotection of the t-butyl ester of LS3-15, then goes through a chemoselective coupling procedure with the dipeptide LS3-10 to prepare LS3-17. Simple simultaneous hydrogenolysis of the Cbz and benzyl protecting groups leads to an intermediate LS313 in a more efficient approach avoiding two phases.
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Phase LS3-17. DIPEA (5.3 ml, 30.6 mmol, 7.0 equiv.), And HATU (1.7 g, 4.59 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) Were added to the hydrochloride salt of the carboxylic acid LS3-16 (2.1 g, 4.41 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) And LS3-10 (1.7 g, 4.59 mmol, 1.05 equiv.) In anhydrous THF / CH2CI2 (1: 1.22 mL ) at 0 ° C. The mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature and stirred for 16-18 hrs. The reaction was monitored by LC-MS. The mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure and the residue was dissolved in AcOEt (150 ml). The organic phase was washed sequentially with an aqueous solution of citrate buffer (1 M, pH 3.5, 3 x 25 ml), H2O (1 x 25 ml), an aqueous solution of NaHCC> 3 saturated (2 x 25 ml ) and brine (1 x 25 ml). The organic phase was dried over MgSC> 4, filtered and concentrated in vacuo to provide LS3-17as as a white solid (3.5 g,> 100% crude yield).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 12.09 min.
Phase LS3-18. A solution of alkylated tripeptide LS3-17 (3.0 g, 3.82 mmol, 1.0 equiv.) In AcOEt (15 ml) was added to a 10% Pd / C suspension (596 mg, 20% by weight ) in 95% EtOH (10 mL) and hydrogen was bubbled into the solution for 2 h. The mixture was then stirred under an atmosphere of hydrogen for 16-18 h. The reaction was monitored by TLC [AcOEt 100%; Rf = Base; detection: UV and CMA], The mixture was purged by nitrogen sparge, filtered through a Celite pad and rinsed with 95% EtOH (3 x 20 mL). The combined filtrate and rinse solutions were evaporated under reduced pressure to provide LS3-13 as a white solid (2.0 g, 94%).
LC / MS (Grad_A4): t<sub>R</sub> = 5.40 min.
B. Biological results
1. Ghrelin receptor radioligand binding assay (human clone, hGHS-R1a)
objective
1. Demonstrate that compound 298 interacts directly and with a high degree of affinity with / 7GHSR1a.
Key aspects of the procedure
1. The binding carried out on the membranes prepared from HEK293 expressing the cloned and transfected human ghrelin receptor (/ 7GHS-R1a).
2. [<sup>125</sup>l] Ghrelin was used as radioligand for displacement (Kd = 0.01 nM, test concentration = 0.007 nM).
3. Ghrelin (unlabeled, 1 µΜ) was used to determine non-specific binding.
Four. Compound 298 was tested with duplicate samples on an 11 point concentration curve.
Results
The binding of compound 298 with the / 7GHS-R1a has been effected on multiple occasions. A representative binding inhibition curve as shown in Figure 10 demonstrates that compound 298 binds competitively, reversibly, and with high affinity to / 7GHS-R1a.
two. Cell-based and functional assays on the ghrelin receptor (human clone, hGHS-R1a)
goals
1. Show that compound 298 is a full agonist at / 7GHS-R1a.
two. Measure the potency of the agonist activity of compound 298 at / 7GHS-R1a.
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Key aspects of the procedure
1. The assay carried out in CHO-K1 cells expressing the cloned and transfected human ghrelin receptor (hGHS-R1a) and Ga16.
two. Suspended cells incubated overnight with coelenterazine.
3. Stimulation of hGHS-R1a activates Ga16, causing intercellular Ca2 + release, which ultimately leads to coelenterazine oxidation and emission of a quantitative luminescent signal.
Four. Ghrelin was used as a positive control.
5. Compound 298 was tested with duplicate samples on an 8 point concentration curve.
Results
Compound 298 activates hGHS-R1a with an EC50 = 25 nM as shown in Figure 11. Compound 298 is a full agonist based on its maximum efficacy and similar to the ghrelin peptide (positive control).
3. Effect (iv) of compound 298 (iv) on growth hormone (GH) release in conscious and free-moving rats.
Ghrelin (and its analogs) are known to potently stimulate GH release from the pituitary in various species including rats following an intravenous dose.
goals
1. To determine if compound 298 stimulates GH release in rats.
two. To determine if compound 298 modulates ghrelin-induced GH release in rats.
Process
1. Model adapted from Tannenbaum et al. (2003), Endocrinology 144: 967-974.
two. Rats implanted with chronic intravenous (iv) cannulas.
3. Rats were allowed to move freely even during drug administration or blood collection in order to minimize stress-induced changes in GH release.
Four. Administration of compound 298 at peak and trough GH levels to measure:
to. The stimulatory effect, if any, on GH release;
b. If any stimulatory effect is maintained with repeated administration.
5. Blood samples are taken at defined 15-minute intervals throughout the test day and growth hormone (GH) is measured directly by radioimmunoassay.
6. Compound tested at 3, 30, 300, 1000 µg / kg (iv, N = 5-6 / rats per group).
7. Ghrelin (positive control) tested at 5 μg (iv).
Results
Compound 298 at doses up to 1000 µg / kg does not cause any significant difference in pulsatile release compared to vehicle controls (Figure 12 for 300 µg / kg). Ghrelin at a dose of 5 μg causes a significant increase in GH release when administered at peak and trough levels (positive control). Administration of compound 298 10 min. before ghrelin neither inhibits nor increases ghrelin-induced GH release (Figure 12B). As a secondary indicator of GH release, the effects of compound 298 on IGF-1 levels were also examined at the administration of 1000 µg / kg. No changes in IGF-1 levels were observed after treatment with compound 298.
Four. Effect of compound 298 on AGHS-R1a receptor desensibilation
G-protein-coupled receptors can undergo receptor desensitization by agonist stimulation, in which the degree of receptor desensitization is partially characteristic of the agonist. Less desensitization is desirable because this is correlated with less development of tolerance with chronic drug use. This factor, among others, has been implicated in the poor clinical outcomes of GHS.
objective
1. To determine to what extent compound 298 causes ghrelin receptor desensitization (human clone, hGHS-R1a).
Process
1. Studies using FLIPR (Fluorometric Imaging Plate Reader, Molecular Devices).
two. Assay developed in HEK293 cells expressing hGHS-R1a.
3. The agonist potency of compound 298 was calculated using duplicate samples on a curve of
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Four. In a separate experiment, cells expressing ñGHS-R1a are exposed to a range of concentrations of compound 298 (1, 10, 100, 1000 nM) for 3 minutes. Compound 298 is washed and the cells are then treated with a concentration of ghrelin (CE100) that elicits maximum stimulation at non-desensitized receptors.
5. A value of CD50 is calculated. The CD50 value is defined as the pretreatment concentration of compound 298 that desensitizes the ghrelin response (EC100) to 50%.
Results
Compound 298 is a full agonist (EC50 = 5 nM; Figure 13A). Increasing pretreatment concentrations of compound 298 desensitize the maximal response to ghrelin CE100 (CD50 = 32 nM; Figure 13B). The CD50 value is> 6 times less potent than the EC50 value, thus compound 298 stimulates the receptor more strongly that desensitizes the receptor. Compound 298 desensitizes the receptor ~ 10 times less potently than other ghrelin agonists (ie, GHS peptide ghrelin and capromorelin [Pfizer]; Figure 13C).
Compound 298 has a favorable desensitization profile since it (1) stimulates the receptor 6 times more potently than desensitizes it and (2) obtains desensitization at a 10 times lower potency than endogenous ligand (i.e. ghrelin) and alternative small molecule ghrelin agonists. Consequently, compound 298 may obtain a lower tolerance than alternative ghrelin agonists with chronic dosing.
5. Objectives of the effect of compound 298 on gastric emptying of a solid meal in untreated rats
1. Verify data on compound 298 as a prokinetic agent with potent effects on gastric emptying, a model for gastroparesis.
Procedures
1. A meal of methylcellulose (2%) was administered by intragastric gavage to rats fasted overnight (male, Wistar, ~ 200 g, N = 5 / group). The food was marked with phenol red (0.05%).
two. The test items (ie vehicle, compound 298, metoclopramide, etc.) were administered by intravenous injection immediately after the meal.
3. The animals were sacrificed 15 minutes later; the stomach was immediately removed and homogenized in 0.1 N NaOH and centrifuged.
Four. The total phenol red remaining in the stomach was quantified by a colorimetric procedure at 560 nm.
5. A> 30% increase in gastric emptying, found from phenol red concentration compared to the control group, is considered significant.
Results
Metoclopramide (marketed product for gastroparesis), ghrelin and GHRP-6 (reference peptide agonists in ñGHS-R1a) showed significant gastric emptying (Figure 14A). Compound 298 caused significant gastric emptying in a dose-proportional manner with more than 100-fold potency than metoclopramide (Figure 14B). Compound 298 potently stimulated gastric emptying of a solid meal in naive treatment rats with 100-fold potency than metoclopramide, a currently used drug with prokinetic activity.
6. Objective of the effect of compound 298 in the treatment of postoperative ileus in rats To calculate the utility of compound 298 in a rat model with postoperative ileus (POI).
Procedures
1. Model adapted from Kalff et al. (1998), Ann Surg 228: 652-63.
two. Rats (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g) were implanted in jugular vein catheters to accommodate the dosing of the test articles.
3. The rats were fasted overnight, anesthetized with isofluorane, and underwent abdominal surgery.
Four. After an abdominal incision, the small intestine, cecum and large intestine were eviscerated for a period of 15 min and kept moist with saline.
5. The intestine was traversed with the fingers, a clinically relevant intestinal manipulation characterized by first pinching the upper part of the small intestine and continuing the manipulation towards the large intestine.
6. Rats are allowed to recover for 15 min after the disappearance of any effect of isofluorane anesthesia.
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7. Rats are given vehicle or compound 298 (30, 100, or 300 pg / kg, iv, N = 6 / gp) followed by intragastric gavage with the methylcellulose meal. <sup>99m</sup>Tc (2%).
8. After 15 min, the rats were euthanized and the stomach and consecutive 10 cm segments of intestine were isolated. Radioactivity (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) in each isolated tissue as a means of measuring food transit.
Results
In Figure 15, the distribution of the bars indicates the distribution of food in the stomach ('ST') and in the consecutive 10 cm segments of the small intestine at 15 min after oral gavage. Abdominal surgery coupled with gut traversal caused significant ileus in rats which is determined in comparison to the naïve treatment (ie, non-operated) and POI treatment groups. Compound 298 significantly increased gastric emptying and intestinal transit at test concentrations of 100 to 300 pg / kg (iv). The data corresponding to the 100 pg / kg dose are presented in Figure 15. At 100 pg / kg (iv), compound 298 significantly promoted gastrointestinal transit by 2.7x measured by the geometric center of the meal in comparison with POI + vehicle treatment group. Compound 298 significantly improved gastric emptying and intestinal transit in rats with postoperative ileus. Compound 298 can effectively treat an existing postsurgical ileus; thus, prophylactic use prior to surgery is not required as is the case with opioid antagonists in clinical development.
7. The effect of the compounds of the disclosure on gastric emptying and gastrointestinal transit in a model of delayed gastric emptying by opiates
Opioid analgesics, such as morphine, are known to delay gastrointestinal transit, which is a significant side effect for this class of drugs. The clinical term for this syndrome is opioid-induced intestinal dysfunction (OID). Additionally, patients recovering from abdominal surgery experience postoperative ileus that is exacerbated by concomitant opioid therapy for postoperative pain.
objective
1. Determine whether the compounds of the disclosure may be therapeutically useful in treating opiate-induced intestinal dysfunction.
Procedures
1. Rats (male, Sprague-Dawley, 250-300 g) are implanted in jugular vein catheters to accommodate the dosing of the test articles.
two. Morphine (3 mg / kg sc) is administered to overnight fasted rats.
3. After 30 min, the rats are administered vehicle or compound 298 (300 or 1000 pg / kg, iv, n = 4a-6 / gp) followed by an intragastric gavage with the methylcellulose meal. <sup>99m</sup>Tc (2%).
Four. After 15 min, the rats are euthanized and the stomach and consecutive 10 cm segments of the intestine are isolated. The radioactivity is measured (<sup>99m</sup>Tc) in each isolated tissue as a means of measuring food transit.
Results
Morphine (3 mg / kg, sc) significantly delayed gastric emptying and intestinal transit in rats (Figure 16A). Late gastrointestinal opioid transit was effectively reversed in a dose-proportional manner by treatment with compound 298 (iv) (Figure 16B).
8. Metabolic stability in human plasma
Drugs are susceptible to enzymatic degradation in plasma through the action of various proteinases and esterases. Thus, plasma stability is often carried out as a metabolic test in the early stages of drug identification. The objective of this study is to measure the metabolic stability of the compounds of the present disclosure in human plasma.
Experimental procedure
The stability of compound 298 in human plasma at 37 ° C was measured at 2 and 24 h. Two forms of compound 298 have been studied: the free amine and the hydrochloride salt. In addition, the stability of compound 298 in plasma alone and in plasma buffered with phosphate buffered saline (PBS) has been established in which the ratio of plasma to phosphate buffer (7.0 pH ) is 20: 1. Assays were carried out and analyzed on samples in triplicate. Compound 298 was extracted from the plasma matrix using a solid phase extraction (SpE) technique (Oasis MCX cartridge). Analysis of the samples is performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in APCI + mode (Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization). The level of compound 298 in plasma samples is
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ES 2 646 887 T3 compares with the level of compound 29S in a spiked sample stored at -60 ° C from the same pool of plasma. Results are presented as percent recovery of compound 29S.
Table 8. Percent recovery of compound 298 after incubation in human plasma (37 ° C).
<td rowspan="2">Tripled</td><td colspan="2">Free amine</td><td colspan="2">Free amine + PBS</td><td colspan="2">Hydrochloride salt</td><td colspan="2">Hydrochloride salt + PBS</td>
<td>2 hours (%)</td><td>24 hours (%)</td><td>2 hours (%)</td><td>24 hours (%)</td><td>2 hours (%)</td><td>24 hours (%)</td><td>2 hours (%)</td><td>24 hours (%)</td>
<td>Trial # 1</td><td> 101,0</td><td> 105,5</td><td>9S, 3</td><td> 97,9</td><td> 100,2</td><td> 96,6</td><td> 102,9</td><td>97, S</td>
<td>Essay # 2</td><td> 100,3</td><td> 95,6</td><td> 100,4</td><td>100, S</td><td> 99,1</td><td> 104,3</td><td> 97,4</td><td> 101,9</td>
<td>Trial # 3</td><td> 101,3</td><td> 100,9</td><td>9S, 3</td><td> 101,9</td><td> 101,6</td><td> 102,3</td><td> 99,4</td><td>9S, 5</td>
<td>Half</td><td> 100,9</td><td> 100,7</td><td> 99,0</td><td> 100,2</td><td> 100,3</td><td> 101,1</td><td> 99,9</td><td> 99,4</td>
<td>Deviation standard</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 4,9</td><td> 1,2</td><td> 2,1</td><td> 1,3</td><td> 4,0</td><td> 2,7</td><td> 2,2</td>
<td>RSD</td><td> 0,5</td><td> 4,9</td><td> 1,3</td><td> 2,1</td><td> 1,3</td><td> 4,0</td><td> 2,7</td><td> 2,2</td>
As shown in Table S, compound 29S is stable in human plasma at 37 ° C for at least 24 hours regardless of the form of the compound (i.e., free amine or salt) or whether the plasma samples are buffered. or not with PBS.
9. Interaction profile of compound 298 on nine subtypes of human cytochrome P450 enzymes
Compound 29S (0.0457 to 100 pM) has minimal inhibitory activity on all cytochrome P450 enzymes tested, except the enzyme cyp3A4, and has moderate inhibitory activity on cyp3A4. The inhibitory activity observed for compound 29S on cyp3A4 was not expected to be physiologically relevant based on the low doses of compound 29S required for therapeutic activity. Furthermore, there was no evidence that compound 29S would experience a drug-drug interaction with opioid analgesics that can be co-administered to POI patients.
10. Profile of compound 298 in hERG channel inhibition
Compound 29S (1.10 pM had no significant effect on hERG channel function compared to vehicle controls (0.1% DMSO). E-4031 (positive control) completely inhibited hERG channel currents at 500 nM.
Example 5
Gastroparesis animal model
High calorie meals are known to make gastric emptying difficult. This observation has recently been exploited by Megens, AA; et al. (unpublished) to develop a rat model for delayed gastric emptying as experienced in gastroparesis.
Materials
1. Wistar rats, male, 200-250 g
two. Chocolate test meal: 2 ml Clinutren ISO® (1.0 kcal / ml, Nestle SA, Vevey Switzerland)
Process
The test food is given to the subjects by gavage orally at time = 0. After 60 min, the subjects are sacrificed, stomachs are removed and the contents are weighed. The untreated animals experienced a significant delay in gastric emptying as denoted by the higher residual stomach content.
Test compounds were administered intravenously as aqueous solutions, or solutions in normal saline, at time = 0 at three dose levels (0.0S mg / kg; 0.30-0.31 mg / kg, 1.25 mg / kg). When required, for example in compounds 21, 299 and 415, 10% cyclodextrin (CD) was added to solubilize the material. Test compounds examined using subcutaneous injection are administered at time = 30 min. Four to five (4-5) rats were tested per group, except for the cyclodextrin control in which the group comprised ten (10) rats.
15S
ES 2 646 887 T3
Results are presented as a percentage relative to stomach weight for the single injection of the solvent as a control as shown in Figures 17A and 17B and illustrate the gastric emptying capacity of the compounds of the present disclosure. These results are applicable to the utility of these compounds in the prevention and / or treatment of postoperative gastroparesis and / or ileus. Disclosure can be further understood with reference to the following clauses:
1. A compound of formula (I):
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0100.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R<sub>1</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below, or alternatively R<sub>1</sub> and R<sub>9</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R1 and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below; or alternatively R<sub>2</sub> and R9 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>3</sub> is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below, or alternatively R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>7</sub> or R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>11</sub> together they form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R4 is hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R3 and R4 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below, or alternatively R<sub>4</sub> and R<sub>7</sub> or R<sub>4</sub> and R<sub>11</sub> together they form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>5</sub> and R<sub>6</sub> are each independently hydrogen or the side chain of an amino acid or alternatively, R<sub>5 </sub>and R<sub>6</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined below;
R<sub>7</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, or alternatively R3 and R7 or R4 and R7, together form a heterocyclic ring of 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 members optionally comprising an additional O, S, or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8;
R8 is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 ring structure and is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group , a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, halogen, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, or alternatively, R8 is a fused cycloalkyl ring, a substituted fused cycloalkyl, a fused heterocyclic group, a substituted fused heterocyclic group, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl or a substituted fused heteroaryl when substituted by hydrogen atoms on the two adjacent atoms;
X is O, NRgo N (R10) 2+;
wherein R9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino, and R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R<sub>9</sub>and R<sub>1</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an additional O, S or N atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as previously defined;
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Ε ιZ ·, is O or NR11;
wherein R11 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R3 and R11 or R4 and R11 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, optionally comprising an O atom, Additional S or N on the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as defined above;
Z2 is O or NR12, where R12 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
, n and p. they are each independently 0, 1 or 2; is a bivalent radical of formula IV:
-U- (CH2) dWYZ- (CH2) e- (IV) wherein d and e are each independently 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; Y and Z are each optionally present; U is -CR21R22- or -C (= O) - and is linked to X of formula I; W, Y, and Z are each independently selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NR23-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, C (= O) -NH-, -NH-C (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, - NH-SO2-, -CR24R25-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration -C = C- and the ring structures below:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0101.tif" />
wherein G1 and G2 are each independently a covalent bond or a bivalent radical selected from the group consisting of -O-, -NR39-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, -C (= O) -, -C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, C (= O) NH-, -NH-C (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-. -CR40R41-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration and -CEC-; with G1 being more closely attached to group U; wherein any carbon atom in the rings not defined otherwise is optionally replaced by N, provided that the ring cannot contain more than four N atoms; K1, K2, K3, K4, and K5 are each independently O, NR42, or S, where R42 is as defined below;
R21 and R22 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, or alternatively R2, and R22 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as previously defined;
R23, R39 and R42 are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formyl, acyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, amidino, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R24 and R25 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, Raa, where Raa is a side chain of an amino acid, or alternatively R24 and R25 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N; or alternatively one of R24 or R25 is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido or guanidino while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R24 and R25 are joined, they also bind to another heteroatom;
R26, R31, R35, and R38 are each optionally present and, when present, are substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms on the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, alkyl substituted, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido;
R27 is optionally present and, when present, is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the indicated ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido;
R28, R29, R30, R32, R33, R34, R36, and R37 are each optionally present and, when no double bond is present on the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when they are present, it is replaced by a hydrogen present in the ring, or when there is no double bond
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ES 2 646 887 T3 present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, is substituted by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring, and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl , cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamide and, only if a double bond is present, halogen; Y
R40 and R41 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, Raa as defined above, or alternatively R40 and R41 together form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S and N wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as previously defined, or alternatively one of R40 and R4, is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R40 and R41 are attached, are also attached to another heteroatom;
provided that T is not an amino acid residue, a dipeptide fragment, a tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids.
two. The compound of clause 1, in which:
R1 is H;
R2 is an amino acid side chain comprising a C2-C6 alkyl or cycloalkyl;
R3 is an amino acid side chain comprising a C1-C4 alkyl, substituted C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R3 and R4 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises a O or S atom or alternatively R3 and R7 together form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom;
R4 is hydrogen, an amino acid chain comprising a C1-C4 alkyl, substituted C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R4 and R3 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom, or alternatively R4 and R7 together form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom;
one of R5 and R6 is hydrogen and the other is an amino acid chain comprising C3-C6 alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl or C1-C4 alkyl substituted with aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; Y
R7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl.
3. The compound of clause 1, in which:
X is NR13, wherein R13 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R13 and R2 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O atom, Additional S or N and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Rs as defined above;
Z1 is NR11, wherein R11 is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl or alternatively R11 and R3 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O atom, Additional S or N and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
Z2 is NH;
m, n and p. they are each independently 0;
R1 and R6 are each independently hydrogen;
R2 is an amino acid chain comprising - (CH2) sCH3, -CH (CH3) (CH2) tCH3, - (CH2) uCH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, (CH2K-R14 or -CH (OR15 ) CH3, where s is 1, 2, 3, 4, or 5; t is 1, 2, or 3; u is 0, 1, 2, or 3; and v is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R14 is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; R15 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, or substituted heteroaryl; or alternatively R2 and R13 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an additional O, S, or N atom and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as defined above;
R3 and R4 are each independently hydrogen or an amino acid chain comprising -CH3, CH2CH3, -CH (CHa) 2, -CH (OR16) R17 wherein R16 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl; and R17 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; or alternatively R3 and R4 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as defined above, or alternatively R3 and R7 together form a 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R8 as defined previously, or alternatively R3 and R11 together form a 4-, 5-, 6-, 7- or 8-membered heterocyclic ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an additional O, S, or N atom and wherein the ring is optionally substituted with Re as defined above;
R5 is an amino acid chain comprising - (CH2) wCH3, -CH (CH3) (CH2) xCH3, - (CH2) yCH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3 or - (CH2) z-R18, in where w is 2, 3, 4, or 5; x is 1, 2, or 3; y is 0, 1, 2 or 3; z is 0, 1, 2, 3, or 4; R-ιβ is aryl, aryl
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ES 2 646 887 T3 substituted, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl and substituted cycloalkyl; and R<sub>7</sub> is H or C1-C4 alkyl.
Four. The compound of clause 1, in which:
X, Zi and Z<sub>2</sub> they are each independently NH; m, n and p. they are each 0;
Ri is hydrogen or Ri and R<sub>2</sub> together they form a 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, in which the ring optionally comprises an O, S or N atom in the ring and in which the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above;
R<sub>2</sub> is an amino acid chain comprising - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>aa</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) (CH<sub>2</sub>) bbCH<sub>3</sub>, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>DC</sub>CH (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>2</sub>, C (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>dd</sub>-Ri<sub>9</sub>, or -CH (OR<sub>20</sub>) CH<sub>3</sub>, where aa is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5; bb is 1,2 or 3; cc is 0, 1,2 or 3; and dd is 0, 1,2, 3, or 4; R19 is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, and substituted cycloalkyl; R<sub>20</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxylalkyl, carboxylaryl, alkyl, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl or substituted heteroaryl;
R<sub>3</sub> is C1-C4 alkyl when R<sub>7</sub> is Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> or alternatively when R<sub>7</sub> is hydrogen, R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, in which the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom and in which the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above;
R<sub>4</sub> is hydrogen when R<sub>7</sub> is Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>, or alternatively when R<sub>7</sub> is hydrogen, R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, wherein the ring optionally comprises an O or S atom the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as defined above;
R<sub>5</sub> is hydrogen;
R<sub>6</sub> is an amino acid chain of formula -CH<sub>2</sub>-R<sub>2</sub>i, in which R<sub>2</sub>i is selected from the group consisting of the following:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0102.tif" />
in which:
any carbon atom in the ring not otherwise defined is optionally replaced by N, provided that a monocyclic ring cannot contain more than four N atoms and a white ring cannot contain more than six N atoms; Ei, E<sub>2</sub>, E<sub>3</sub>, E<sub>4</sub> and E<sub>5</sub> are each optionally present as a substitution for hydrogen at one or more available positions on the aromatic ring, and when present are each independently halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a heterocyclic group substituted, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hldroxl, alkoxl, arlloxl, amine, formyl, acyl, carboxl, carboxlalkyl, carboxylarl, amido, carbamoyl, guanylin, ureild, amidene, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfone, sulfonyl, or sulfonamide, wherein the substitution is with the same or different selected group member;
Ji and J<sub>2</sub> they are each independently O or S;
R<sub>7</sub> is hydrogen or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub>.
5. The compound of clause 1, where T is one of the following structures:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0103.tif" />
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ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0104.tif" />
where (Z2) is the site of a covalent bond from T to Z2, and Z2 is as defined above, and where (X) is the site of a covalent bond from T to X, and X is like has been defined above;
L<sub>7</sub> is -CH<sub>2</sub>- or -O-;
U1 is -CR101R102- or -C (= O) -;
R<sub>1O</sub>o is lower alkyl;
R<sub>101</sub> and R<sub>102</sub> they are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl; xx is 2 or 3; yy is 1 or 2; zz is 1 or 2; and aaa is 0 or 1.
6. The compound of clause 1, in which:
R1 is hydrogen; Y
R2 is cyclopropyl, -CH2CH2CH3, -CH2CH2CH2CH3, -CH (CHs) 2, -C (CH<sub>3</sub>) s, -CH2CH (CHs) 2 or -CH (CHs) CH2CHa.
7. The compound of clause 1, in which:
R<sub>3</sub> is hydrogen, -CH3, -CH<sub>2</sub>CH3, -CH (CH3)<sub>2</sub>;
R<sub>4</sub> is hydrogen; and R<sub>7</sub> it is methyl or ethyl.
8. The compound of clause 1, in which:
R<sub>3</sub> and R<sub>4</sub> together they form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom; and R<sub>7</sub> it is hydrogen.
9. The compound of clause 1, in which
R<sub>5</sub> is -CH<sub>2</sub>-Ar or -CH<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>2</sub>-Ar, where Ar is phenyl, phenyl substituted one or more times independently with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy or trifluoromethyl, naphthyl, or naphthyl substituted one or more times independently with halogen, hydroxy, alkoxy or trifluoromethyl; Y
R<sub>6</sub> it is hydrogen.
10. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound is a ghrelin receptor agonist.
eleven. The compound of clause 1, wherein the compound is a GHS-R1a receptor agonist.
12. The compound of formula (II):
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ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0105.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R50 is - (CH2) ssCH3, -CH (CH3) (CH2) ttCH3, - (CH2) uuCH (CH3) 2, -C (CH3) 3, - (CHR55) vv-R56 or -CH (OR57) CH3, where ss is 1,2 or 3; tt is 1 or 2; uu is 0, 1 or 2; and vv is 0, 1,2, 3 or 4; R55 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; R56 is amino, hydroxy, alkoxy, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; and R<sub>57</sub> is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxyalkyl, or carboxaryl;
R<sub>5</sub>i is hydrogen, Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> or Ci-C alkyl<sub>4</sub> substituted with hydroxy or alkoxy;
R52 is - (CHR58) ww R59, where ww is 0, 1,2 or 3; R<sub>58</sub> is hydrogen, C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub>, amino, hydroxy, or alkoxy; R<sub>59</sub> is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl;
R<sub>53</sub> is hydrogen or C alkyl<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>4</sub>;
X2 is O, NR9 or N (R1ü) 2<sup>+</sup>;
wherein R9 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z<sub>5</sub> is O or NR<sub>12</sub>, in which R<sub>12</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; Y
T<sub>2</sub> is a bivalent radical of formula V:
-OR<sub>to</sub>- (CH2) dW<sub>to</sub>-Y<sub>to</sub>-Z<sub>to</sub>- (CH2)<sub>and</sub>- (V) where d and e are independently 0, 1,2, 3, 4 or 5; Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to</sub> are each optionally present; OR<sub>to</sub> is -CR<sub>60</sub>R<sub>61</sub>- or -C (= O) - and binds to X<sub>2</sub> of formula II, in which R<sub>60</sub> and R<sub>61</sub> are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl, or R<sub>60</sub> and R<sub>61</sub> together they form a 3- to 12-membered cyclic ring optionally comprising one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8</sub> as previously defined; W<sub>to</sub>, Y<sub>to</sub> and Z<sub>to </sub>each is independently selected from the group consisting of: -O-, -NR62-, -S-, -SO-, -SO2-, C (= O) -O-, -OC (= O) -, - C (= O) -NH-, -NH-C (= O) -, -SO2-NH-, -NH-SO2-, -CR63R64-, -CH = CH- with the Z or E configuration -C ^ C - and the ring structures shown below:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0106.tif" />
in which G1 and G2 are as defined above, and in which any carbon atom in the ring is optionally replaced by N, provided that the aromatic ring cannot contain more than four N atoms and the ring cycloalkyl cannot contain more than two N atoms;
R62 is hydrogen, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, formyl, acyl, carboxyalkyl, carboxyaryl, amido, amidino, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R63 and R64 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl or alternatively R<sub>AA</sub>; or R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64</sub> together they form a 3 to 12 membered cyclic ring optionally comprising
164
ES 2 646 887 T3 one or more heteroatoms selected from the group consisting of O, S, and N; or alternatively one of R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64</sub> is hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, mercapto, carbamoyl, amidino, ureido, or guanidino, while the other is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl, except when the carbon to which R<sub>63</sub> and R<sub>64 </sub>they are bound, they also bind to another heteroatom; and R<sub>AA</sub> indicates the side chain of an amino acid;
R<sub>65</sub> is optionally present and, when present, is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl , substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R66 and R67 are each optionally present and, when no double bond is present on the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, two groups are optionally present, and when present, it is replaced by a hydrogen present in the ring, or when there is no double bond present to the carbon atom to which it is attached in the ring, is substituted by one or both of the two hydrogen atoms present in the ring and each is independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, aryl substituted, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido and, only if a double bond is present to the carbon atom to which it is attached, halogen;
R<sub>68</sub> optionally present, when present, is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, cyano, nitro, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, or sulfonamido;
R<sub>69</sub> is optionally present, and when present is substituted by one or more hydrogen atoms in the ring and each is independently alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl , substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl or sulfonamido;
K<sub>6</sub> is O or S; and ff is 1,2,3,4 or 5;
provided that T2 is not an amino acid residue, a dipeptide fragment, a tripeptide fragment, or a higher order peptide fragment that includes conventional amino acids;
13. The compound of clause 12, in which T2 is selected from the following:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0107.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0108.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0109.tif" />
OR<sub>2</sub>- (X<sub>2</sub>)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0110.tif" />
OR<sub>2</sub>- (X<sub>2</sub>)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0111.tif" />
<sub>T</sub> 'SJ
OR<sub>2</sub>- (X<sub>2</sub>)
165
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0112.tif" />
(Ζ<sub>5</sub>) (Χ<sub>2</sub>)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0113.tif" />
O (Ζ<sub>5</sub>) (Χ<sub>2</sub>) φ:
υ<sub>2</sub>
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0114.tif" />
(Ζ<sub>5</sub>) in which (Zs) is the site of a covalent bond of T<sub>2</sub> to Zs, and Zs is as defined above, and where (X<sub>2</sub>) is the site of a covalent bond of T<sub>2</sub> to X<sub>2</sub>, and X<sub>2</sub> it is as defined above;
OR<sub>2</sub> is -CR95R96- or -C (= O) -;
l_6a-<sub>n</sub> is -CH<sub>2</sub> or -O-;
R90 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl;
R91, R92, R93, R95, R96 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl; and R94 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or oxo.
14. The compound of clause 12, wherein the compound is a ghrelin receptor agonist.
fifteen. The compound of clause 12, wherein the compound is a GHS-R1a receptor agonist.
16. The compound of formula (III):
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0115.tif" />
(ΙΠ) or an optical isomer, enantlomer, dlastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which:
R70 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl; or alternatively R70 and R71 together form a 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>8a</sub> as defined below;
R71 is hydrogen, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>aa</sub>CH<sub>3</sub>, -CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>b</sub>bCH<sub>3</sub>, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>DC</sub>CH (CH<sub>3</sub>) 2, - (CH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>dd</sub>-R<sub>7</sub>6 or -CH (OR<sub>77</sub>) CH<sub>3</sub> or alternatively R71 and R70 together form a 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3rd</sub> defined below; wherein aa is 0, 1,2, 3, 4, or 5; bb is 1,2 or 3; cc is 0, 1,2 or 3; and dd is 0, 1,2,3 or 4; R<sub>7</sub>6 is aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, cycloalkyl, or substituted cycloalkyl; R77 is hydrogen, alkyl, acyl, amino acyl, sulfonyl, carboxylalkyl or carboxylaryl;
R<sub>72</sub> is C1-C4 alkyl; or alternatively R<sub>72</sub> and R73 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3b</sub> as defined below;
R73 is hydrogen, or alternatively R73 and R72 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3b</sub> as defined below;
R74 is hydrogen or C1-C4 alkyl, or alternatively R74 and R75 together form a 3-, 4-, 5-, 6- or 7-membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below;
R75 is - (CHR78) R79; or alternatively R75 and R74 together form a 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 membered ring, optionally comprising an O, N or S atom in the ring, wherein the ring is optionally substituted with R<sub>3c</sub> as defined below; in which R<sub>73</sub> is hydrogen, C1-C4 alkyl, amine, hydroxy, or alkoxy; and R79 is selected from the group consisting of the following structures:
166
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0116.tif" />
in which, Ei, E<sub>2</sub>, E3, E4, and Es are each optionally present and when present, each is independently selected from the group consisting of halogen, trifluoromethyl, alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, cyano, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, and represent a hydrogen substitution at one or more available positions on the monocyclic or bicyclic aromatic ring, wherein said substitution is made with the same or different selected group member, and J1 and J<sub>2</sub> they are each independently O or S;
Rsa, Rsb, and Rsc are each independently substituted with one or more hydrogen atoms in the 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, or 8-membered ring structure and are independently selected from the group consisting of alkyl, substituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, substituted cycloalkyl, a heterocyclic group, a substituted heterocyclic group, aryl, substituted aryl, heteroaryl, substituted heteroaryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, aryloxy, oxo, amino, halogen, formyl, acyl, carboxy, carboxyalkyl, carboxaryl, amido, carbamoyl, guanidino, ureido, amidino, mercapto, sulfinyl, sulfonyl, and sulfonamido, or alternatively R<sub>8a</sub>, Rsb and Rsc are each independently a fused cycloalkyl ring, a substituted fused cycloalkyl, a fused heterocyclic group, a substituted fused heterocyclic group, a fused aryl, a substituted fused aryl, a fused heteroaryl, or a substituted fused heteroaryl when substituted by hydrogen atoms on two adjacent atoms;
X<sub>3</sub> is O, NR<sub>9</sub> o N (Rw)<sub>2</sub><sup>+</sup>;
wherein Rg is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, sulfonyl, sulfonamido, or amidino and R10 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl;
Z10 is O or NRi<sub>2</sub>, in which Ri<sub>2</sub> is hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; Y
T3 is the same as previously defined for T<sub>2</sub> with the exception that U<sub>to</sub> joins X<sub>3</sub> of formula III.
17. The compound of clause 16, in which T<sub>3</sub> is selected from the following:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0117.tif" />
(Z-10)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0118.tif" />
(Z10)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0119.tif" />
(X<sub>3</sub>) (Z | o)
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0120.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0121.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0122.tif" />
167
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0123.tif" />
in which (Z<sub>10</sub>) is the site of a covalent bond of T<sub>3</sub> a Z<sub>10</sub>, and Z<sub>10</sub> is as defined above, and in which (X<sub>3</sub>) is the site of a covalent bond of T<sub>3</sub> to X<sub>3</sub>, and X<sub>3</sub> it is as defined above; and L<sub>3a-n</sub> is CH2 or -O-;
U3 is -CR35R36- or -C (= O) -;
R<sub>30</sub> is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl;
R<sub>31</sub>, R<sub>32</sub>, R<sub>33</sub>, R<sub>35</sub> and R<sub>3</sub>6 they are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; Y
R34 is hydrogen, alkyl, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or oxo.
1δ. The compound of clause 16, wherein the compound is a ghrelin receptor agonist.
19. The compound of clause 16, wherein the compound is a GHS-R1a receptor agonist.
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0124.tif" />
163
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0125.tif" />
or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate, or stereochemical mixture thereof.
twenty-one. The compound of clause 20, wherein the compound is a ghrelin receptor agonist.
22. The compound of clause 20, wherein the compound is a GHS-R1a receptor agonist.
2. 3. A macrocyclic compound, comprising:
169
ES 2 646 887 T3 (a) a basic component structure; and (b) a linking compound selected from the following structures:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0126.tif" />
or in which:
(Z<sub>2</sub>) is a first site of a covalent bond to the building block structure;
(X) is a second site of a covalent bond to the building block structure;
Lsa-f and l-6a-k are each independently -CH<sub>2</sub>- or -O-;
Ui is -CR101R102- or -C (= O) -;
R90 is alkyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl;
R92 and R93 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl, or substituted lower alkyl; R94 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, substituted lower alkyl, or oxo;
R100 is Lower alkyl;
R101 and R102 are each independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or substituted lower alkyl;
xx is 2 or 3;
170
ES 2 646 887 T3 and y is 1 or 2; zz is 1 or 2;
aaa is 0 or 1, and wherein the structure of the basic component and the linking component are cyclized to form the macrocyclic compound.
24. The macrocyclic compound of clause 23, wherein the building block structure comprises amino acids, hydroxy acids, N-alkylated glycines, acid hydrazine, aza-amino acids, and other bivalent radicals that contain a substitute for a peptide bond to mimic a peptide fragment.
25. The macrocyclic compound of clause 23, wherein the basic component structure further comprises a linking component.
26. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
a compound of formula (I) of clause 1; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
27. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 26 further comprising a growth hormone secretagogue.
28. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 27, in which a growth hormone secretagogue is hexarelin, GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, MK-0677, NN703, capromorelin, G7039, G7134, G7203, G7502, SM -130686, RC-1291, L-692429, L-692587, L-739943, L-163255, L-163540, L-163833, L-166446, CP424391, EP-51389, LY-444711, NNC-26-0235 , NNC-26-0323, NNC-26-0610, NNC-26-0722, NNC-26-1089, NNC-261136, NNC-26-1137, NNC-26-1187, NNC-26-1291, release factor growth hormone, IGF-I or IGF-II.
29. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) a compound of formula (II) of clause 12; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
30. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 29 further comprising a growth hormone secretagogue.
31. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 30, in which the growth hormone secretagogue is hexarelin, GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, MK-0677, NN703, capromorelin, G7039, G7134, G7203, G7502, SM130686 , RC-1291, L-692429, L-692587, L-739943, L-163255, L-163540, L-163833, L-166446, CP-424391, EP51389, LY-444711, NNC-26-0235, NNC -26-0323, NNC-26-0610, NNC-26-0722, NNC-26-1089, NNC-26-1136, NNC26-1137, NNC-26-1187, NNC-26-1291, hormone releasing factor of growth, IGF-I or IGF-II.
32. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) a compound of formula (III) of clause 16; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
33. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 32 further comprising a growth hormone secretagogue.
3. 4. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 33, in which the growth hormone secretagogue is hexarelin, GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, MK-0677, NN703, capromorelin, G7039, G7134, G7203, G7502, SM130686 , RC-1291, L-692429, L-692587, L-739943, L-163255, L-163540, L-163833, L-166446, CP-424391, EP51389, LY-444711, NNC-26-0235, NNC -26-0323, NNC-26-0610, NNC-26-0722, NNC-26-1089, NNC-26-1136, NNC26-1137, NNC-26-1187, NNC-26-1291, hormone releasing factor of growth, IGF-I or IGF-II.
35. A pharmaceutical composition comprising:
(a) any one of the compounds of clause 20; and (b) a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, excipient, or diluent.
36. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 35 further comprising a growth hormone secretagogue.
37. The pharmaceutical composition of clause 36, in which the growth hormone secretagogue is hexarelin, GHRP-1, GHRP-2, GHRP-6, ipamorelin, MK-0677, NN703, capromorelin, G7039, G7134, G7203, G7502, SM130686 , RC-1291, L-692429, L-692587, L-739943, L-163255, L-163540, L-163833, L-166446, CP-424391, EP51389, LY-444711, NNC-26-0235, NNC -26-0323, NNC-26-0610, NNC-26-0722, NNC-26-1089, NNC-26-1136, NNC26-1137, NNC-26-1187, NNC-26-1291, hormone releasing factor of growth, IGF-I or IGF-II.
171
ES 2 646 887 T3
38. A kit comprising one or more containers containing pharmaceutical dosage units comprising an effective amount of one or more compounds having the following structure:
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0127.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0128.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0129.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0130.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0131.tif" />
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0132.tif" />
172
ES 2 646 887 T3
<img file="ES2646887T3_D0133.tif" />
or or an optical isomer, enantiomer, diastereomer, racemate or stereochemical mixture thereof, in which container is packed with optional instructions for use thereof.
39. Clause 38 kit, wherein the kit further comprises a growth hormone secretagogue.
The foregoing is illustrative of the present invention, and should not be construed as limiting it. The invention is defined by the following claims, with equivalents of the claims included therein.
173
Contents112
81 members in 11 offices
Priority claims10
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 872142 | United States of America | – | |
| 87214204 | United States of America | A | |
| 621642P | United States of America | – | |
| 62164204 | United States of America | P | |
| 622005P | United States of America | – | |
| 62200504 | United States of America | P | |
| 642271P | United States of America | – | |
| 64227105 | United States of America | P | |
| 149731 | United States of America | – | |
| 14973105 | United States of America | A |
Members81
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CA2528375A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2004111077A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2005054562A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AU2005264907A1 | Australia | A1 | |
| AU2005264907A2 | Australia | A2 | |
| CA2571237A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| CA2579726A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2006009645A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| WO2006009674A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2006025566A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP1633774A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| CA2524460A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2006046977A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| US2006096471A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2007021331A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP1773869A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| JP2007523853A | Japan | A | |
| CN101111512A | China | A | |
| JP2008503458A | Japan | A | |
| JP2008504238A | Japan | A | |
| US7389724B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2008307981A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7476653B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7491695B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US7521420B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2009137835A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009170757A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009198050A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009221689A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2009240027A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2006009645A8 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A8 | |
| WO2006009674A8 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A8 | |
| EP1633774B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ATE457995T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE602004025569D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| US7690296B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| ES2338789T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| DK1633774T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| EP2210612A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP2210612A3 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A3 | |
| USRE42013E | United States of America | E | |
| USRE42624E | United States of America | E | |
| AU2005264907A8 | Australia | A8 | |
| US2011245459A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2011288163A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2012006961A | Japan | A | |
| US8129561B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP4928261B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| EP2457893A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2457925A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2012165566A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP1773869B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US2012226066A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2012226067A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2012226072A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| AU2005264907B2 | Australia | B2 | |
| US8334256B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| ES2393498T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| US8349887B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1773869B9 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B9 | |
| JP2013040182A | Japan | A | |
| CN101111512B | China | B | |
| CA2524460C | Canada | C | |
| US8450268B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP5219509B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US8497242B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2013211045A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2528375C | Canada | C | |
| JP5363726B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US8921521B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CA2579726C | Canada | C | |
| US2015148290A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP5730835B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| JP5739766B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US9181298B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| US2016221927A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP2210612B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| US9493505B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP2457893B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| ES2646887T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| US10040751B2 | United States of America | B2 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2646887
- Application
- 11009050
Titles2
- Spanish
- Compuestos intermedios para moduladores macrocíclicos del receptor de ghrelina
- English
- Intermediates for ghrelin receptor macrocyclic modulators
Classification
- IPC, 3
- C07C271 16
- C07C271 20
- C07D213 64