System and method for traffic to pilot power determination in uplink multiple input multiple output transmission

ES 2 597 985 T3

DESCRIPTION

System and procedure for determining the power of the pilot signal traffic in the transmission of multiple inputs and multiple outputs of uplink

This application claims priority over, and benefit from, Provisional Patent Application No. 61 / 411,454, filed in the United States Patent and Trademark Office on November 8, 2010.

BACKGROUND

Countryside

Aspects of the present disclosure relate generally to wireless communication systems and more specifically to a scheduling grant for uplink MIMO transmissions.

Background

Wireless communication networks are widely deployed to provide various communication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasting, etc. Such networks, which are usually multiple access networks, support communications for multiple users by sharing available network resources. An example of such a network is the UMTS Terrestrial Radio Access Network (UTRAN). The UTRAN is the radio access network (RAN) defined as part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS), a third-generation (3G) mobile telephone technology, supported by the Collaboration Project of 3^to Generation (3GPP). The successor to Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) technologies, UMTS currently supports various air interface standards such as Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (W-CDMA), Access Multiple by Code Division, or Time Division (TD-CDMA) and Multiple Access by Synchronous Code Division or Time Division (TD-SCDMA). UMTS also supports enhanced 3G data communication protocols, such as High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA), which provide higher data transfer speeds and capabilities to associated UMTS networks.

As the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, research and development continues to advance UMTS technologies, not only to meet the growing demand for mobile broadband access, but to promote and enhance the user experience with communications. mobiles.

For example, recent versions of the 3GPP standards for UMTS technologies have included multiple inputs and multiple outputs (MIMO) for downlink transmissions. MIMOs can allow an increased throughput in a transmission, without requiring a proportional increase in the use of the spectrum, since two flows can be transmitted on the same carrier frequency, where they are separated by spatial dimension, as they are transmitted from spatially different antennas. . In this way, effective doubling of spectral efficiency can be achieved by transmitting dual transport blocks per transmission time slot.

In addition, recent attention within the 3GPP body of standards has been directed to a specific uplink beamforming transmission diversity (BFTD) scheme, for high speed packet access networks (HSPA) within the standards. of UMTS, where a mobile terminal uses two transmitting antennas and two power amplifiers for uplink transmissions. This scheme, when implemented in a closed loop mode under network control, has shown a significant improvement in the cellular border user experience, as well as overall improvements in system performance. However, in schemes that have been investigated, the mobile terminal has been limited to single stream transmissions between the two antennas, as, for example, described in 3GPP R1-104914.

Therefore, to increase throughput and spectral efficiency for uplink transmissions, there is a desire to implement MIMOs for uplink transmissions so that dual transport blocks can be transmitted on the same carrier frequency during the same interval. transmission time.

RESUME

Various aspects of the present disclosure provide for uplink MIMO transmissions in a wireless communication system. The invention is defined by the accompanying independent claims.

In some specific aspects regarding scheduling grants for uplink MIMO transmissions, a power allocation can be made between a primary stream and a secondary stream, so that the respective streams are transmitted with equal or symmetric power. Here, the power level can be determined according to a primary planning grant. In addition, the primary scheduling grant can be used to determine a transport block size for transmissions on the primary stream. Furthermore, planning grants can include a secondary planning grant, which can be

ES 2 597 985 T3 used to determine a transport block size for transmissions on the second stream. Furthermore, the power levels in the primary and secondary streams, and the respective transport block sizes, can be scaled as necessary to accommodate uplink power slack limitations.

For example, in one aspect, the disclosure provides a wireless communication method. The procedure includes steps such as receiving a primary planning grant, which can be provided on the E-AGCH. Here, the primary planning grant may include a first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. The method further includes transmitting a primary stream that includes a first data channel, ie, the E-DPDCH, and a first pilot channel, ie, the DPCCH. Here, a ratio between a power of the first data channel E-DPCCH and a power of the first pilot channel DPCCH corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. Furthermore, the method includes transmitting a secondary stream that includes a second data channel, that is, the SE-DPDCH (s), wherein a ratio between a power of the second channel of the SE-DPDCHs and an unamplified power of a second pilot channel S-DPCCH corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. Here, the primary stream and the secondary stream are on the same carrier.

Another aspect of the disclosure provides an apparatus for wireless communication. Here, the apparatus includes means for receiving a primary scheduling grant, which may be provided on the E-AGCH. Here, the primary planning grant may include a first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. The apparatus further includes means for transmitting a primary stream that includes a first data channel, ie, the E-DPDCH, and a first pilot channel, ie, the DPCCh. Here, a ratio between a power of the first data channel EDPCCH and a power of the first pilot channel DPCCH corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. The apparatus further includes means for transmitting a secondary stream comprising a second data channel, that is, the SE-DPDCH, in which a ratio between a power of the second data channel SE-DPDCH and an unamplified power of one second S-DPCCH pilot channel corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. Here, as before, the primary stream and the secondary stream are on the same carrier.

Yet another aspect of the disclosure provides a computer program product, including a computer-readable medium with instructions for causing a computer to receive a primary scheduling grant, which may be provided on the E-AGCH. Here, the primary planning grant may include a first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. The computer-readable medium further includes instructions for causing a computer to transmit a primary stream that includes a first data channel, i.e., the E-DPDCH, and a first pilot channel, i.e., the DPCCH, wherein a ratio between a power of the first data channel E-DPCCH and a power of the first pilot channel DPCCH corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) - |. The computer-readable medium includes instructions for causing a computer to transmit a secondary stream that includes a second data channel, i.e., the SE-DPDCH, wherein a ratio between a power of the second data channel SE-DPDCH and a power unamplified of a second pilot channel, that is, the S-DPCCH, corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. Here, as before, the primary stream and the secondary stream are on the same carrier.

Yet another aspect of the disclosure provides an apparatus for wireless communication that includes a transmitter for transmitting a primary stream and a secondary stream, at least one processor for controlling the transmitter, and a memory coupled to said at least one processor. Here, said at least one processor is configured to receive a primary scheduling grant, which can be carried on the E-AGCH. Here, the primary planning grant may include a first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1. Furthermore, said at least one processor is configured to transmit a primary stream that includes a first data channel, that is, the EDPDCH, and a first pilot channel, that is, the DPCCH, where a ratio between a power of the first channel of E-DPCCH data and a power of the first DPCCH pilot channel corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) - |. Furthermore, said at least one processor is configured to transmit a secondary stream that includes a second data channel, that is, the SE-DPDCH, wherein a ratio between a power of the second data channel SE-DPDCH and an unamplified power of a second pilot channel, that is, the SDPCCH, corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) - |. Here, as before, the primary stream and the secondary stream are on the same carrier.

These and other aspects of the invention will be more fully understood upon review of the detailed description below.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of an access network.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a telecommunications system.

FIG. 3 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a radio protocol architecture for the

ES 2 597 985 T3 user plane and control plane.

FIG. 4 is a block diagram illustrating a part of a MAC layer that implements dual HARQ processes.

FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating additional parts of the MAC layer illustrated in FIG. Four.

FIG. 6 is a block diagram illustrating a part of a transmitter configured for uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 7 is a graph showing relative power levels of certain physical channels in uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 8 is a flow chart illustrating a process for setting transport block sizes and power levels, according to a scheduling grant.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating a process for generating data information and its associated control information, and providing this information on the respective physical channels.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating a process for amplifying a secondary pilot channel power.

FIG. 11 is a flow chart illustrating an operable process in a network node for inner loop power control of uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 12 is a flow chart illustrating a process operable in user equipment for inner loop power control of uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 13 is a flow chart illustrating another process operable in user equipment for inner loop power control of uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 14 is a flow chart illustrating an operable process at a network node for outer loop power control of uplink MIMO transmissions.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating a process operable in user equipment for scheduling an uplink transmission in the presence of HARQ retransmissions.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating another process operable in user equipment for scheduling an uplink transmission in the presence of HARQ retransmissions.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating another process operable in user equipment for scheduling an uplink transmission in the presence of HARQ retransmissions.

FIG. 18 is a flow chart illustrating another process operable in user equipment for scheduling an uplink transmission in the presence of HARQ retransmissions.

FIG. 19 is a flow chart illustrating another process operable in user equipment for scheduling an uplink transmission in the presence of HARQ retransmissions.

FIG. 20 is an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus employing a processing system.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram conceptually illustrating an example of a Node B in communication with a UE in a telecommunications system.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

The detailed description set forth below in relation to the accompanying drawings is intended as a description of various configurations, and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein can be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a thorough understanding of various concepts. However, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be put into practice without these specific details. In some cases, well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form, in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

The various concepts presented throughout the length of this disclosure can be implemented between a

ES 2 597 985 T3 wide variety of telecommunication systems, network architectures and communication standards. With reference to FIG. 1, by way of example and without limitation, a simplified access network 100 is illustrated in a UMTS Radio Terrestrial Access Network (UTRAN) architecture, which can utilize High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA). The system includes multiple cellular regions (cells), including cells 102, 104, and 106, each of which may include one or more sectors. Cells can be geographically defined, e.g. For example, by coverage area, and / or they can be defined according to a frequency, an encryption code, etc. That is, each of the illustrated geographically defined cells 102, 104 and 106 can be further divided into a plurality of cells, e.g. eg, using different frequencies or encryption codes. For example, cell 104a can use a first frequency or scrambling code, and cell 104b, while in the same geographic region and served by the same Node B 144, can be distinguished using a second frequency or second scrambling code. .

In a cell that is divided into sectors, the multiple sectors within a cell can be made up of groups of antennas, with each antenna being responsible for communication with the UEs in a part of the cell. For example, in cell 102, each of the antenna groups 112, 114 and 116 may correspond to a different sector. In cell 104, each of the antenna groups 118, 120 and 122 corresponds to a different sector. In cell 106, each of the antenna groups 124, 126 and 128 corresponds to a different sector.

Cells 102, 104, and 106 may include multiple UEs that may be in communication with one or more sectors of each cell 102, 104, or 106. For example, UEs 130 and 132 may be in communication with Node B 142, UEs 134 and 136 can be in communication with Node B 144, and UEs 138 and 140 can be in communication with Node B 146. Here, each Node B 142, 144, 146 is configured to provide an access point to a network central 204 (see FIG. 2) for all UEs 130, 132, 134, 136, 138, 140 in the respective cells 102, 104 and 106.

Referring now to FIG. 2, by way of example and without limitation, various aspects of the present disclosure are illustrated with reference to a Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) system 200, employing a wideband code division multiple access air interface ( W-CDMA). A UMTS network includes three interacting domains: a Core Network (CN) 204, a UMTS Radio Terrestrial Access Network (UTRAN) 202, and a User Equipment (UE) 210. In this example, the UTRAN 202 can provide various wireless services, including telephony, video, data, messaging, broadcasting, and / or other services. The UTRAN 202 may include a plurality of Radio Network Subsystems (RNS), such as RNS

207 illustrated, each controlled by a respective Radio Network Controller (RNC), such as an RNC 206. Here, the UTRAN 202 can include any number of RNCs 206 and RNS 207, in addition to RNCs 206 and RNS 207 illustrated. The RNC 206 is an apparatus responsible, among other things, for allocating, reconfiguring and releasing radio resources within the RNS 207. The RNC 206 can be interconnected with other RNCs (not shown) in the UTRAN 202, via various types of interfaces, such as a direct physical connection, a virtual network, or the like, using any suitable transport network.

The geographic region encompassed by RNS 207 can be divided into a number of cells, with a radio transceiver apparatus serving each cell. A radio transceiver set is usually referred to as a Node B in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a base station (BS), a base transceiver station (BTS), a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a Basic Service Set (BSS), an Extended Service Set (ESS), an Access Point (AP), or some other suitable terminology. For clarity, three Node Bs 208 are shown in each RNS 207; however, the RNS 207 can include any number of wireless Node Bs. Nodes B

208 they provide wireless access points to a central network (CN) 204 for any number of mobile handsets. Examples of a mobile device include a cell phone, a smart phone, a session initiation protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop, a foldable computer, a network foldable computer, a smart foldable computer, a personal digital assistant. (PDA), a satellite radio, a Global Positioning System (GPS) device, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (p. (e.g. MP3 player), camera, game console, or any other similarly functional device. The mobile apparatus is usually referred to as a user equipment (UE) in UMTS applications, but may also be referred to by those skilled in the art as a mobile station (MS), a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a station unit. subscriber, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communication device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal (AT), a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handheld, a terminal, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology. In a UMTS system, the UE 210 may further include a universal subscriber identity module (USIM) 211, which contains subscription information for a user to a network. For illustrative purposes, a UE 210 is shown in communication with a number of Node Bs 208. The downlink (DL), also called the forward link, refers to the communication link from a Node B 208 to a UE 210, and the uplink (UL), also called the reverse link, refers to the communication link from a UE 210 to a Node B 208.

Core network 204 maintains interfaces with one or more access networks, such as UTRAN 202. As shown, core network 204 is a GSM core network. However, as those skilled in the art will recognize,

ES 2 597 985 T3 the various concepts presented throughout this disclosure may be implemented in a RAN, or other suitable access network, to provide UEs with access to types of core networks other than GSM networks.

The illustrated core network of GSM 204 includes a circuit-switched domain (CS) and a packet-switched domain (PS). Some of the circuit-switched elements are a Mobile Services Switching Center (MSC), a Visitor Location Register (VLR) and a Gateway MSC (GMSC). The packet-switched elements include a GPRS Support Server Node (SGSN) and a GPRS Support Gateway Node (GGSN). Some network elements such as EIR, HLR, VLR, and AuC can be shared by both circuit-switched and packet-switched domains.

In the illustrated example, the core network 204 supports circuit switched services with an MSC 212 and a GMSC 214. In some applications, the GMSC 214 may be referred to as a media gateway (MGW). One or more RNCs, such as RNC 206, may be connected to MSC 212. MSC 212 is an apparatus that controls call setup, call routing, and mobility functions of the UE. The MSC 212 also includes a visitor location register (VLR) containing information regarding subscribers, during the time that a UE is in the coverage area of ​​the MSC 212. The GMSC 214 provides a gateway through the MSC 212 to that the UE accesses a circuit switched network 216. The GMSC 214 includes a Home Location Register (HLR) 215 that contains subscriber data, such as data reflecting the details of the services to which a specific user has subscribed. The HLR is also associated with an Authentication Center (AuC) that contains subscriber-specific authentication data. When a call is received for a specific UE, the GMSC 214 consults the HLR 215 to determine the location of the UE and forwards the call to the specific MSC serving that location.

The illustrated core network 204 also supports packet data services with a GPRS supporting server node (SGSN) 218 ​​and a GPRS supporting gateway node (GgSn) 220. GPRS, which stands for General Radio Service in Packet is designed to provide packet data services at speeds greater than those available with standard circuit-switched data services. The GGSN 220 provides a connection for the UTRAN 202 to a packet-based network 222. The packet-based network 222 may be the Internet, a private data network, or some other suitable packet-based network. The primary function of the GGSN 220 is to provide the UE 210 with packet-based network connectivity. Data packets can be transferred between the GGSN 220 and the UEs 210 through the SGSN 218, which mainly performs the same functions in the packet-based domain that the MSC 212 performs in the circuit-switched domain.

The UMTS air interface may be a spread spectrum Direct Sequence Code Division Multiple Access (DS-CDMA) system. Spread spectrum DS-CDMA spreads user data by multiplying it by a sequence of pseudo-random bits called slices. The W-CDMA air interface for UMTS is based on such DS-CDMA technology and additionally invokes frequency division duplexing (FDD). The FDD uses a different carrier frequency for the uplink (UL) and the downlink (DL) between a Node B 208 and a UE 210. Another air interface for UMTS that uses DS-CDMA, and uses division duplexing time (TDD), is the TD-SCDMA air interface. Those skilled in the art will recognize that while various examples described herein may refer to a W-CDMA air interface, the underlying principles are equally applicable to a TD-SCDMA air interface.

A high speed packet access (HSPA) air interface includes a number of enhancements to the 3G / W-CDMA air interface, facilitating higher throughput and reduced latency. Among other modifications over previous versions, HSPA uses Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ), shared channel transmission, and adaptive modulation and coding. The standards that define HSPA include HSDPA (high speed downlink packet access) and HSUPA (high speed uplink packet access, also referred to as enhanced uplink, or EUL).

In a wireless telecommunication system, the architecture of the radio protocol between a mobile device and a cellular network can take various forms, depending on the specific application. An example for a 3GPP High Speed ​​Packet Access (HSPA) system will now be presented with reference to FIG. 3, illustrating an example of the radio protocol architecture for the user and control planes between UE 210 and Node B 208. Here, the user plane or the data plane carries user traffic, while the control plane carries control information, i.e., signaling.

Turning to FIG. 3, the radio protocol architecture for the UE 210 and Node B 208 is shown with three layers: Layer 1, Layer 2 and Layer 3. Although they are not shown, the UE 210 may have several upper layers on top of the L3 layer, including a network layer (e.g. the IP layer) that is capped at a PDN gateway in the network sector, and an application layer that is capped at the other end of the connection (eg ., a far-end UE, a server, etc.).

At Layer 3, the RRC layer 316 handles the control plane signaling between the UE 210 and Node B 208. The

ES 2 597 985 T3 RRC 316 layer Includes a number of functional entities to route higher layer messages, manage broadcast and paging functions, establish and configure radio bearers, etc.

The data link layer, called Layer 2 (L2 layer) 308 is between Layer 3 and physical layer 306, and is responsible for the link between UE 210 and Node B 208. In the illustrated air interface, layer L2 308 is divided into sub-layers. In the control plane, the L2 layer 308 includes two sub-layers: a medium access control (MAC) sub-layer 310 and a radio link control (RLC) sub-layer 312. At the user level, the L2 layer 308 further includes a Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) sub-layer 314. Of course, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that additional, or different, sub-layers may be used. in a specific implementation of the L2 layer 308, still within the scope of the present disclosure.

The PDCP sub-layer 314 provides multiplexing between different radio carriers and logical channels. The PDCP 314 sublayer also provides header compression for higher layer data packets to reduce radio transmission overhead, encryption security of data packets, and handover support for UEs between Node B.

The RLC 312 sub-layer provides higher layer data packet segmentation and reassembly, retransmission of lost data packets, and data packet reordering to compensate for messy reception due to hybrid auto-repeat request (HARQ).

The MAC sub-layer 310 provides multiplexing between logical channels and transport channels. The MAC sub-layer 310 is also responsible for allocating the various radio resources (eg, resource blocks) in a cell between the UEs. The MAC 310 sub-layer is also responsible for HARQ operations.

Layer 1 is the lowest layer and implements various signal processing functions of the physical layer. Layer 1 will be referred to herein as the physical layer (PHY) 306. In the PHY layer 306, transport channels are mapped to different physical channels.

Data generated in higher layers, down to the MAC layer 310, is carried through the air through transport channels. The 3GPP Version 5 specifications introduced downlink enhancements, referred to as HSDPA. HSDPA uses the High Speed ​​Downlink Shared Channel (HS-DSCH) as its transport channel. The HS-DSCH is implemented by three physical channels: the high-speed downlink shared physical channel (HS-PDSCH), the high-speed shared control channel (HS-SCCH), and the high-speed dedicated physical control channel. (HS-DPCCH).

Between these physical channels, the HS-DPCCH carries HARQ ACK / NACK signaling on the uplink, to indicate whether or not a corresponding packet transmission was successfully decoded. That is, with respect to the downlink, the UE 210 provides feedback to the Node B 208 over the HS-DPCCH to indicate whether or not it correctly decoded a packet on the downlink.

The HS-DPCCH also includes feedback signaling from the UE 210, to assist Node B 208 in making the correct decision, in terms of the modulation and encoding scheme and the selection of pre-encoding weighting, including This feedback signaling the channel quality indicator (CQI) and pre-encoding control information (PCI).

The 3GPP Version 6 specifications introduced uplink enhancements, referred to as Enhanced Uplink (EUL) or High Speed ​​Uplink Packet Access (HSUPA). The HSUPA uses the EUL Dedicated Channel (E-DCH) as its transport channel. The E-DCH is transmitted on the uplink along with the Version 99 DCH. The control part of the DCH, i.e. the DPCCH, carries pilot bits and downlink power control commands in uplink transmissions. In the present disclosure, the DPCCH may be referred to as a control channel (eg, a primary control channel) or a pilot channel (eg, a primary pilot channel), depending on whether it is referenced. to the control aspects of the channel or its pilot aspects.

E-DCH is implemented by physical channels that include the E-DCH Dedicated Physical Data Channel (EDPDCH) and the E-DCH Dedicated Physical Control Channel (E-DPCCH). In addition, the HSUPA relies on additional physical channels including the E-DCH HARQ Indicator Channel (E-HICH), the E-DCH Absolute Concession Channel (E-AGcH) and the E-DCH Relative Concession Channel. DCH (E-RgCh). Furthermore, according to aspects of the present disclosure, for the MIMO HSUPA using two transmitting antennas, the physical channels include a Secondary E-DPDCH (SE-DPDCH), a Secondary E-DPCCH (SE-DPCCH), and a Secondary E-DPCCH (SE-DPCCH). Secondary DPCCH (SDPCCH). Additional information about these channels is provided below.

That is, part of the ongoing development of HSPA standards (including HSDPA and EUL) includes the addition of multiple input multiple output (MIMO) communication. MIMOs generally refer to the use of multiple antennas at the transmitter (multiple inputs to the channel) and the receiver (multiple outputs from the channel) to implement spatial multiplexing, that is, the transmission and / or reception of different information streams from

ES 2 597 985 T3 spatially separated antennas, using the same carrier frequency for each stream. Such a scheme can increase throughput, that is, it can achieve higher data rates without necessarily expanding the channel bandwidth, thus improving spectral efficiency. That is, in one aspect of the disclosure, Node B 208 and / or UE 210 may have multiple antennas supporting MIMO technology.

MIMOs for enhanced downlink capabilities were implemented in Version 7 of the 3GPP UmTs standards for HSDPA, and Version 9 included DC-HSDPA + MIMO for additional enhanced downlink capabilities. In HSDPA MIMOs, Node B 208 and UE 210 each use two antennas, and a closed loop feed-back is used from UE 210 (Pre-Encoding Control Information, PCI) to dynamically adjust the weighting of Node B transmit antennas. When channel conditions are favorable, MIMOs can allow a doubling of the data rate, transmitting two data streams, using spatial multiplexing. When channel conditions are less favorable, a single stream transmission can be used over the two antennas, providing some advantage from transmission diversity.

While uplink MIMOs would be desirable for essentially the same reasons that they have been implemented for the downlink, they have been considered somewhat more challenging, in part because the battery power restricted UE may need to include two power amplifiers. power. However, more recently, an uplink beamforming transmission diversity (BFTD) scheme for the HSPA, using 2 transmit antennas and 2 power amplifiers in the UE 210, has garnered significant interest, and they have Studies have been oriented to both open-loop and closed-loop modes of operation. These studies have shown improvements in the cellular border user experience and overall system performance. However, these uplink transmission diversity schemes have generally been limited to single codeword or single transport block transmissions, using dual transmission antennas.

Thus, various aspects of the present disclosure provide for uplink MIMO transmissions. For clarity in providing explicit details, this description uses HSUPA terminology and generally assumes an implementation of 3GPP according to UMTS standards. However, those of ordinary skill in the art will understand that many, if not all, of these features are not specific to a specific standard or technology, and can be implemented in any technology suitable for MIMO transmissions.

In an HSUPA system, the data transmitted on a transport channel such as the E-DCH is generally organized into transport blocks. During each transmission time interval (TTI), without the advantages of spatial multiplexing, at most one transport block of a certain size (the transport block size, or TBS) can be transmitted per carrier on the uplink from the UE 210. However, with MIMOs, using spatial multiplexing, multiple transport blocks can be transmitted per TTI on the same carrier, where each transport block corresponds to one code word. In a conventional HSUPA transmission, or even more recent advancements regarding uplink CLTD (Closed Loop Transmission Diversity), both configured for single stream rank = 1 transmissions, both 2 ms and 10 ms TTIs they can be configured in general, as the TTI longer than 10 ms can provide improved performance at the cellular border. However, in a UE 210 configured for dual stream transmissions, a primary motivation may be to increase the data rate. Here, since the 10 ms TTI generally has a limited data rate compared to that available with a 2 ms TTI, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, to ensure an improvement in the data rate, the transmissions Range = 2 could be limited to using the 2 ms TTI.

As illustrated in FIG. 4, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the transmission of dual transport blocks in the two precoding vectors can be implemented between dual HARQ processes during the same TTI. Here, the dual transport blocks are provided on a transport channel of the E-DCH. In each HARQ process, when a transport block on the E-DCH is received from higher layers, the process to map that transport block to the physical E-DPDCH channels (or, when the secondary transport block is used, the SE-DPDCH) can include various operations such as appending CRC 404, 454; code block segmentation 406, 456; channel encoding 408, 458; gear matching 410, 460; the segmentation of physical channels 412, 462; and interleaving, or physical channel mapping 414, 464. The details of these blocks are widely known to those of ordinary skill in the art, and are therefore omitted from the present disclosure. FIG. 4 illustrates this process for generating a UL MIMO stream using dual transport blocks 402, 452. This scheme is often referred to as a multiple codeword scheme, since each of the transmitted streams can be pre-coded using individual codewords. In some aspects of the disclosure, the E-DCH processing structure is essentially identical for each of the two transport blocks. Additionally, this scheme is often referred to as a dual flow scheme, where the primary transport block is provided in the primary flow, and the secondary transport block is provided in the secondary flow.

FIG. 5 provides another example in accordance with the present disclosure, including additional circuits to those

ES 2 597 985 T3 illustrated in FIG. 4, showing the operation of a Multplexing and Transmission Sequence Number (TSN) configuration entity 502, an E-DCH Transport Format Combination (E-TFC) selection entity 504 and a Request entity Hybrid Automatic Repeat (HARQ) 506 within a UE, such as UE 210.

Each of the E-TFC selection entity, the multiplexing configuration entity and the TSN 502, and the HARQ entity 506 may include a processing system 2014, as illustrated in FIG. 20, described below, to perform processing functions such as making determinations regarding the combination of E-DCH transport formats, managing MAC protocol data units, and performing HARQ functions, respectively. Of course, some of, or all, the respective entities can be combined into a single processor or processing system 114. Here, the processing system 2014 can control aspects of the transmission of the primary and secondary streams, as described below. .

In some aspects of this disclosure, based on the 508 grant information received at the EAGCH and the E-RGCH, and based, in part, on a determination of which configuration results in better data throughput, the entity The E-TFC 504 selection tool can determine to transmit a single transport block, or dual transport blocks, and can determine, accordingly, the size (s) of the block (s), of transport to be used in the flow or flows. For example, the E-TFC 504 selection entity may determine whether a single transport block is transmitted (e.g., using uplink beamforming transmission diversity), or dual transmission blocks (e.g. eg, using spatial multiplexing). In this example, the multiplexing and TSN configuration entity 502 can concatenate multiple MAC-d Protocol Data Units (PDUs), or segments of MAC-d PDUs, into mAc-ís PDUs, and can also multiplex one or more MAC-is PDUs into a single MAC-i PDU, to be transmitted in the next TTI, as instructed by the E-TFC 504 selection entity. The MAC-i PDU may correspond to the block of transport provided in a corresponding flow. That is, in some aspects of the disclosure, if the E-TFC selection entity determines to transmit two transport blocks, then two MAC-i PDUs can be generated by the Multiplexing and tSn Configuration entity 502, and delivered. to HARQ entity 506. Planning grants

In some aspects of the disclosure, a scheduler at Node B 208 may provide scheduling information 508 to UE 210 flow-by-flow. Scheduling a UE 210 can be done according to various measurements made by Node B 208, such as the noise level at the Node B receiver, with various feedback information transmitted on the uplink by the UEs, such as as a "happy bit", the status of the buffer and the availability of transmission power, and with priorities, or other control information, provided by the network. That is, when MIMOs are selected, the scheduler at Node B 208 can generate and transmit two grants, e.g. eg, one for each flow during each TTI.

For example, the E-DCH Absolute Grant Channel (E-AGCH) is a physical channel that can be used to carry information from Node B 208 to the E-TFC 504 selection entity of UE 210, to control the power and transmission rate of the uplink transmissions by UE 210 on the EDCH. In some examples, the E-AGCH may be a common channel that masks the 16 bits of CRC with the primary E-RNTI of the UE.

In addition to the scheduling grant information provided in the E-AGCH, additional scheduling grant information may also be carried from Node B 208 to the E-TFC 504 selection entity of UE 210, over the Relative Grant Channel of the E-DCH (E-RGCH). Here, the E-RGCH can be used for small adjustments during data transmissions on the go. In one aspect of the present disclosure, in uplink MIMOs, the UE 210 may have two resources allocated in the E-RGCH to carry relative scheduling grants for the primary and secondary HARQ processes, e.g. g., corresponding to the primary and secondary precoding vectors.

The grant provided in the E-AGCH can change over time for a specific UE, so the grants can be transmitted periodically or intermittently by the Node B 208. The absolute grant value carried in the E-AGCH can indicate the maximum ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) of the EDCH that the UE 210 is allowed to use in its next transmission.

In some examples, Node B 208 can transmit two E-AGCH channels to UE 210, where each E-AGCH is configured in the same way as Version 7 E-AGCH. Here, UE 210 can be configured to monitor both E-AGCH channels each TTI. In another example according to various aspects of the present disclosure, a new type of E-AGCH physical channel may be used, wherein the Version 7 E-AGCH channel encoding is used independently to encode the grant information bits. absolute for each stream, and where the spreading factor is reduced by 2, that is, to SF = 128, to admit more bits of information. Here, the joint encoding of the absolute grant information for both flows can use the primary E-RNTI of the UE 210.

ES 2 597 985 T3

In yet another example according to various aspects of the present disclosure, a new type of E-AGCH channel coding may be used, wherein the absolute grant information bits are coded together. Here, the physical E-AGCH channel inherited from Version 7 can be used, with the spreading factor sF = 256. This example may be the most attractive for both UE 210 and Node B 208, considering the UE implementation and Node B code resources.

Here, the absolute grant provided in the E-AGCH can be used by the UE 210 in the UL MIMOs to determine (1) transport block sizes (TBS) for the primary and secondary transport blocks, to be transmitted in the next uplink transmission; (2) the transmission power on the E-DPDCH (s) and on the SE-DPDCH (s); and (3) the range of the transmission. As described above, the TBS is the size of a block of information transmitted on a transport channel (eg, the E-DCH) during a TTI. The transmit "power" can be provided to the UE 210 in units of dB, and can be interpreted by the UE 210 as a relative power, eg. eg relative to the DPCCH power level, referred to herein as a ratio of traffic to pilot power. Furthermore, if the transmission range is range = 1, then only the E-DPDCH is (or are) transmitted in a primary precoding vector. If the transmission range is range = 2, then both the E-DPDCHs and the SE-DPDCHs are transmitted, that is, respectively, in the primary precoding vector and the secondary precoding vector.

For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the scheduling signaling 508 may indicate that the transmission range is range = 1, corresponding to a single flow, by the inclusion in the E-AGCH of a single scheduling grant ( T / P) SS. Here, the single-stream scheduling (T / P) grant SS can be used by the E-TFC selection entity 504 to determine the power and size of the transport block to be used in the single-stream transmission.

Furthermore, in this example, the scheduling signaling 508 may indicate that the transmission range is range = 2, corresponding to dual streams, by the inclusion in the E-AGCH of a primary scheduling grant (T / P) 1 and a secondary planning grant (T / P) 2. Here, the primary planning grant (T / P) 1 can be used to determine the transport block size for the primary flow, while the secondary planning grant (T / P) 2 can be used to determine the size of the transport block. transport block for secondary flow. Furthermore, the primary planning grant (T / P) 1 can be used to determine the total magnitude of the power for the primary stream, and the total magnitude of the power for the secondary stream can be set equal to that of the primary stream. Table 1 below illustrates the relationship described here, in which the primary scheduling grant (T / P) 1 is used to determine the primary stream power level, secondary stream power level, and the block size of primary flow transport; while the secondary planning grant (T / P) 2 is used to determine the size of the transport block of the secondary stream.

Table 1

<td>Primary Planning Concession (T / P) i</td><td>Secondary Planning Grant (T / P) 2</td>

<td>Primary flow power level Secondary flow power level Primary flow transport block size</td><td>Secondary stream transport block size</td>

E-TFC Selection, Data Channel Power

FIG. 6 is a block diagram that further illustrates a part of a transmitter in a UE 210 configured for MIMO operation in the PHY layer 306, according to some aspects of the disclosure. In one aspect of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 7, when the transmission range is range = 2, the power of the SE-DPDCH 620, corresponding to the secondary transport block, can be set equal to the power of the E-DPDCH 624, corresponding to the primary transport block. That is, while some examples may use an asymmetric allocation of the total power available on the E-DCH between the first stream 610 and the second stream 612, in those examples there may be some difficulty in accurately estimating the powers of the eigenvalues. and adapt the power allocation quickly enough. Furthermore, the dynamic and asymmetric power allocation between the flows can lead to an increase in the complexity of the Node B scheduler, in that it may be required to evaluate different combinations of transport block sizes between the two flows, such that flow can be maximized. Thus, in aspects of the present disclosure, as illustrated in FIG. 7, the total power added in the first flow 610 may be equal to the total power added in the second flow 612. Such an equal distribution of power between the flows may not be intuitive, since each flow is, in general, independently controllable, due to the use of individual power amplifiers, corresponding to each of the flows. However, the use of equal distribution, as described in this aspect of the present disclosure, can simplify the signaling of scheduling grants and allow for improved transmission performance.

For example, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the scheduling signaling 508 received at the UE 210 and carried by the E-AGCH may be provided to the E-TFC selection entity 504 in the form of a primary scheduling grant and a secondary planning grant. Here, each of the concessions of

ES 2 597 985 T3 primary and secondary scheduling can be provided as traffic to pilot power ratios, or (T / P) 1 and (T / P) 2, respectively. Here, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can use the primary planning grant T / P1 to determine the total amount of power to transmit on the E-DPDCH, relative to the current transmit power on the DPCCH . That is, the E-TFC 504 selection entity can use the primary planning grant (T / P) 1 to calculate the power of the E-DPDCH (s), and can further set the power of the SE (s) -DPDCH to the same value as that set for the E-DPDCH (s). In this way, symmetric power allocation between the primary stream on the E-DPDCH and the secondary stream on the SE-DPDCH (s) can be achieved, based on the primary planning grant (T / P) - |. It is important, in this example, that the secondary planning grant (T / P) 2 is not used to determine the power of the secondary flow.

FIG. 7 is a graph that schematically illustrates the power levels for certain channels, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. FIG. 8 includes a corresponding flow chart 800 illustrating an exemplary process for setting power levels. In this example, a first pilot channel 622 (DPCCH) is configured to have a certain power level, illustrated as the first pilot power 702. That is, while the DPCCH 622 carries some control information, it can also act as a pilot, for channel estimation purposes at the receiver. Similarly, in an uplink MIMO configuration, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the S-DPCCH 618 may carry certain control information and may additionally act as a pilot, for additional channel estimation purposes in the receptor. In the present disclosure, the S-DPCCH can be variously referred to as a secondary pilot channel or a secondary control channel, according to whether it is referring to the control aspects of the channel or its pilot aspects.

Here, according to process 800, in block 802 the UE 210 can receive scheduling signaling 508, e.g. eg, which includes a primary planning grant carried on the E-AGCH, where the primary planning grant includes a first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1 704. Furthermore, in block 804 the UE 210 may receive scheduling signaling 508 that includes a secondary scheduling grant, which includes a second ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 2. As described above, the respective first and second scheduling grants can be coded in the E-AGCH or, in other respects, any suitable scheduling grant signaling can be used to carry the respective traffic to pilot power ratios.

At block 806, UE 210 may receive an offset value? 2tp, to indicate a power offset for a reference power level 710, relative to the power of the first pilot channel 622 (DPCCH). In some examples, the offset value? 2tp may be provided by a network node such as RNC 206, using Layer 3 RRC signaling. Here, the value? 2tp can be adapted to allow the UE 210 to determine the reference power level 710, level at which the second pilot channel 618 (SDPCCH) can be set when amplified as described below. That is, an unamplified power level 702 for the S-DPCCH secondary stream pilot channel 618 can be configured to adopt the same power level as that of the first DPCCH pilot channel 622 by default. Of course, within the scope of the present disclosure, the unamplified power level for the second S-DPCCH pilot 618 need not be the same as the power level for the first DPCCH pilot channel 622. Also, the second SDPCCH pilot 618 does not necessarily have to be at the unamplified power level; that is, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the unamplified power level for the second S-DPCCH pilot is a reference level for determining the power level of the second SE-DPDCH 620 data channel. Furthermore, the level of S-DPCCH power 618 can be amplified to be the reference power level 710, according to the offset value? 2tp. Additional information regarding S-DPCCH 618 power level amplification is provided elsewhere in the present disclosure.

As illustrated, the first traffic to pilot power ratio (T / P) 1 704 can be used by the E-TFC selection entity 504 to determine the power level corresponding to the sum of the powers in the first channel of data, p. eg, the E-DPDCH 624. That is, the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1 704 can provide a ratio, eg. eg, in decibels, which can be applied to set the power level 706 corresponding to the sum of the powers in the first, or first, channel (s) E-DPDCH 624 with respect to the power level 702 of the first channel DPCCH pilot 622.

Thus, in block 808, a transmitter in UE 210 can transmit a primary stream 610, which can include the first E-DPDCH data channel 624 and the first DPCCH pilot channel 622, where the ratio between the level power 706 of the first data channel of the E-DPDCH 624 and the power level 702 of the first pilot channel DPCCH 622 corresponds to the first ratio between the traffic and the pilot power (T / P) 1 704.

In the illustration of FIG. 7, the power level 708 corresponding to the sum of the power in the S-EDPDCH 620 is configured to be equal to the power level 706 corresponding to the sum of the power in the E-DPDCH 624. That is, the power of the first data channel of the E-DPDCH 624 and the power of the second data channel of the SE-DPDCH 620 can be equal to each other. Thus, in block 810, a transmitter in UE 210 can transmit a secondary stream 612, including a second data channel of SE-DPDCH 620, of

ES 2 597 985 T3 so that a ratio between the power level 708 of the second data channel of the SE-DPDCH 620 and an unamplified power level 702 of the pilot channel of the secondary stream S-DPCCH 710 corresponds to the same first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1 704.

Herein, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the first stream 610 and the secondary stream 612 may be spatially separate streams of an uplink MIMO transmission, sharing the same carrier frequency.

Selection of E-TFC, TBS

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, as described above, the primary scheduling grant (T / P) 1 can be used to determine a packet size (eg, the size of the primary transport block), as used in the primary stream 610, and the secondary scheduling grant (T / P) 2 can be used to determine a packet size (eg, the size of the secondary transport block) to use in the secondary stream 612. Here, the determination of the corresponding packet sizes can be accomplished by the E-TFC selection entity 504, for example, using a suitable lookup table to find a corresponding transport block size and transport format combination of according to the signalized ratio between traffic and pilot power.

FIG. 8 includes a second flow chart illustrating a process for setting transport block sizes, corresponding to respective scheduling grants, in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure. While process 850 is illustrated as a separate process, aspects of the present disclosure may include a combination of the illustrated process steps, e.g. eg, using the power setting shown in process 800 in combination with the transport block size setting shown in process 850.

In blocks 852 and 854, in essentially the same manner as described above in relation to blocks 802 and 804 of process 800, the UE 210 may receive a primary scheduling grant and a secondary scheduling grant including, respectively, a first reason between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1 and a second ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 2. In block 856, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can determine a packet size to use in a transmission on the primary stream 610, according to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) + As shown As described above, the determination of the packet size can be done by looking for a transport block size that corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P) 1, using, for example, a look-up table. Of course, any suitable determination of the corresponding transport block size can be used in accordance with the present disclosure, such as applying a suitable equation, interrogating another entity as to the size of the transport block, etc. In block 858, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can similarly determine a packet size to be used in a transmission on the secondary stream, according to the second ratio between traffic and pilot power (T / P )two.

E-TFC Selection, Scaling

In a further aspect of the disclosure, the UE 210 may have a limit on its available transmit power for uplink transmissions. That is, if the received scheduling grants configure the UE 210 to transmit below its maximum output power, the ETFC selection algorithm can be relatively straightforward, so that the combination of EUL transport formats for each stream of MIMO can be simply selected based on the server grant for that stream. However, there is a possibility that the UE 210 is limited in power play. That is, the power levels for uplink transmissions determined by the E-TFC selection entity 504 can configure the UE 210 to transmit at or above its maximum output power. Here, if the UE 210 is limited in power clearance, then according to one aspect of the present disclosure, power and speed scaling can be used to assimilate both flows.

That is, when the UE 210 is configured to select a MIMO transmission, the primary server grant (T / P) 1 can be scaled by a constant (a) so that the transmission power of the UE does not exceed the maximum. potency of transmission. As described above, the primary server grant (T / P) 1 can be used to select the power level, both of the primary stream and the secondary stream; therefore, the scaling of the primary server grant (T / P) 1 according to the scaling constant a can achieve power scaling of both E-DPDCH and SE-DPDCH data channels. In turn, the scaling of the primary server grant (T / P) 1 further determines the power levels of the EDPCCH and the S-DPCCH, as well as the size of the transport block in the primary stream.

Furthermore, the secondary server grant (T / P) 2 can be scaled by the same scaling constant a. Here, the scaling of the secondary server grant (T / P) 2 can determine the size of the transport block for the secondary stream. In this way, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can scale the size of the transport block of the secondary flow by the same amount as the scale of the

ES 2 597 985 T3 size of the primary stream transport block. Therefore, by scaling the power and the size of the transport block in both streams, a symmetrical reduction can be achieved according to the power clearance limit.

Turning now to the process 850 illustrated in FIG. 8, the process of transmitting the streams may include steps to scale the power and / or the size (s) of transport blocks, as described above. That is, in block 860, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can scale the magnitude of the power assigned to the primary flow 610 and the secondary flow 612, according to a power slack limit. That is, in some examples, where the planned power is greater than or equal to the uplink power slack limit, the power for each of the primary and secondary streams can be scaled by the scaling constant a , to reduce power below the power clearance limit.

At block 862, the process may determine a first scaled packet size to be used in a transmission on primary stream 610 according to scaled power. That is, in some examples, the E-TFC selection entity 504 may scale the size of the transport block for the primary stream 610 according to the scaled power. For example, the primary serving grant (T / P) 1 can be multiplied by the scaling constant a, so that finding the transport block size for the primary stream can result in a size smaller transport block. In another example, the size of the transport block selected by the E-TFC selection entity 504 can be simply scaled by the scaling constant a. Of course, any suitable scaling of the size of the transport block for the primary flow 610 can be used, according to the scaled power.

At block 864, the process can determine a second scaled packet size to be used in a transmission on secondary stream 612. Here, the size of the second scaled packet can be determined according to a value obtained in a look-up table for scaled power. That is, the scaling constant a can be used to scale the power, as described above; and this scaled power can be used to determine a corresponding scaled packet size.

HARQ

Turning now to FIG. 5, In some aspects of the disclosure, a single HARQ entity 506 may manage the MAC functions related to the HARQ protocol for each among the plurality of streams in a MIMO transmission: For example, the HARQ entity 506 may store MAC-i PDUs for retransmission, if necessary. That is, the HARQ entity 506 may include a processing system 2014 that includes a memory 2005 that stores packets as needed for HARQ retransmissions of packets that the receiver was unable to decode. Additionally, the HARQ entity 506 may provide the ETFC, Retransmission Sequence Number (RSN), and Power Offset to be used by Layer 1 (PHY) 306 for the transport blocks transmitted on a specific TTI. The HARQ entity 506 can execute one HARQ process per E-DCH per TTI for single stream transmissions, and it can execute two HARQ processes per E-DCH per TTI for dual stream transmissions.

HARQ information transmitted from Node B 208, such as ACK / NACK 510 signaling for primary and secondary transport blocks, can be provided to HARQ entity 506 over the HARQ Indicator Channel of E-DCH (E -HICH). Here, the HARQ 510 information may include HARQ feedback corresponding to the primary and secondary transport blocks, from Node B 208 to UE 210. That is, the UE 210 can be allocated two resources in the E-HICH so that the E-HICH can carry HARQ feedback for each of the transport blocks transmitted in a primary and a secondary HARQ process. For example, a secondary E-HICH ACK indicator may be assigned in the channelization code in which the primary E-HICH ACK indicator is assigned. In this example, the UE 210 de-spreads a single channelization code SF = 128, as in conventional HSUPA without uplink MIMO; however, the UE 210 monitors another orthogonal signature sequence index, in order to process the secondary ACK flag of the E-HICH.

Physical channels

Returning again to FIG. 6, the physical channels 602 can be combined with suitable channelization codes, weighted with suitable gain factors, correlated with a suitable I or Q branch by spreading the blocks 604, and grouped by adding the blocks 604 in the virtual antennas 610, 612. In various aspects of the present disclosure, the primary virtual antenna 610 may be referred to as a primary stream, and the secondary virtual antenna 610 may be referred to as a secondary stream. In the illustrated example, streams 610 and 612 are supplied to a virtual antenna mapping entity 605. Here, the virtual antenna correlation entity 605 is configured to correlate the first stream 610 and the second stream 612 with the spatially separated physical antennas 606 and 608, using a configuration that can be adapted to balance the power between the respective ones. physical antennas 606 and 608.

ES 2 597 985 T3

In the illustrated example, one or more precoding vectors can be expressed using precoding weights, e.g. eg, W1, w₂, W3 and W4. Here, the spread signals of complex values ​​from the virtual antennas 610, 612 can be weighted using, respectively, a primary precoding vector [W1, W2] and a secondary precoding vector [W3, W4], according to what is illustrated in FIG. 6. Here, if the UE 210 is configured to transmit a single transport block in a specific TTI, it can use the primary precoding vector [W1, W2] to weight the signal; and if the UE 210 is configured to transmit dual transport blocks in a specific TTI, the UE can use the primary precoding vector [W1, W2] for the virtual antenna 1, 610, and the secondary precoding vector [W3, W4] for virtual antenna 2,612. In this way, when the uE 210 transmits a single stream only, it can easily fall back on closed-loop beamforming transmission diversity, which may be based on maximum ratio transmission, where the single stream is transmitted in self-modality, or singular value, strong. Furthermore, the UE 210 can easily use both precoding vectors for MIMO transmissions.

That is, in one aspect of the disclosure, the primary stream that includes the E-DPDCH 624 can be precoded using the primary precoding vector [W1, W2], while the secondary stream that includes the (the) ) SE-DPDCH 620 can be precoded using the secondary precoding vector [W3, W4].

Furthermore, the assignment of the various physical channels 602 other than the E-DPDCH 624 and the SE-DPDCH 620 between the primary stream 610 and the secondary stream 612 can determine various characteristics and the effectiveness of the transmission. of MIMO. In accordance with one aspect of the disclosure, a DPCCH 622 primary pilot channel can be precoded using the primary precoding vector, and an S-DPCCH 618 secondary pilot channel can be precoded along with the SE (s). -DPDCH 620, using the secondary precoding vector, which can be orthogonal to the primary precoding vector. In some aspects of the present disclosure, the S-DPCCH 618 may be transmitted in a channelization code other than that used for the DPCCH 622; or S-DPCCH 618 can be transmitted in the same channelization code as used for DPCCH 622, using an orthogonal pilot pattern.

Here, the S-DPCCH 618 can be used as a reference, along with the DPCCH 622, to help probe the channel between the two transmitting antennas 606, 608 of the UE, and the receiving antennas of Node B. When estimating the channel matrix of MIMO between UE 210 and Node B 208, according to these reference signals, Node B 208 can obtain one or more suitable precoding vectors that can consequently be forwarded to UE 210. For example, the feedback from Node B 208 that includes uplink precoding information can be 1 to 2 bits per slot (or any other suitable bit length), carried on the F-DPCH or EF -DPCH. Here, the precoding information can be provided in conjunction with, or instead of, the transmit power control (TPC) bits conventionally carried on these channels.

In addition, when the second stream is transmitted, the secondary pilot S-DPCCH 618 can serve as a phase reference for the demodulation of data from the second stream.

By using the precoding pilots 622 and 618, Node B 208 may require knowledge of the applied precoding vectors in order to calculate new precoding vectors. This is because Node B 208 may need to undo the effect of the applied precoding vectors, in order to estimate the raw channel estimates, on the basis of which the new precoding vectors are obtained. However, knowledge at Node B 208 of the precoding vectors is not generally required for data demodulation, because the pilots, which serve as a reference to their respective data channels, see the same channel as the data, since both the pilot and data channels (primary and secondary) are pre-coded using the same pre-coding vector. Additionally, applying precoding to pilot channels 622 and 618 can simplify soft handoff. That is, it is relatively difficult for non-serving cells to know the precoding vectors, while the serving cell knows the precoding vectors because it is the node that calculates the precoding vectors and sends them to the transmitter.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the primary virtual antenna 610, to which the primary precoding vector [W1, W2] is applied, can be used to transmit the DPDCH 626, the HS-DPCCH 628 and the EDPCCH. 614, since the primary precoding vector [W1, W2] represents the strongest auto-modality. That is, the transmission of these channels using the virtual antenna 1 can improve the reception reliability of these channels. Furthermore, in some aspects of the disclosure, the power of the E-DPCCH 614 control channel may be amplified and may be used as a phase reference for data demodulation of the E-DPDCH 624.

In some examples, a SE-DPCCH 616 may also be provided on the primary virtual antenna 610. That is, in one aspect of the disclosure, the control information for decoding the primary transport block carried on the E-DPDCH 624 can be encoded on the E-DPCCH 614 using a conventional E-DPCCH channel encoding scheme, essentially according to the legacy EUL specifications for non-MIMO transmissions. In addition, the control information for the secondary transport block can be encoded in SE-DPCCH 616 using a conventional E-DPCCH channel encoding scheme, of

ES 2 597 985 T3 according to the legacy EUL specifications for non-MIMO transmissions. Here, both the E-DPCCH 614 and the SE-DPCCH 616 can be transmitted by the first virtual antenna 610 and precoded using the primary precoding vector [w1, w2]. In another example within the scope of the present disclosure, the S-EDPCCH 616 can be transmitted by the second virtual antenna 612 and precoded using the secondary precoding vector [w3, w4]; however, since the primary precoding vector represents the strongest auto-modality, in order to improve the reception reliability of the SE-DPCCH, its transmission over the primary precoding vector may be preferable.

According to another aspect of the disclosure, as indicated by the dashed lines in FIG. 6, a different SE-DPCCH 616 is optional and some aspects of the present disclosure omit the transmission of a SE-DPCCH 616 separately from the E-DPCCH 614. That is, the E-DPCCH control information, associated with the block of Secondary transport (SE-DPCCH) can be provided at E-DPCCH 614. Here, the number of channel bits carried in the E-DPCCH 614 can be doubled from 30 bits, as used in 3GPP, Version 7, to 60 bits. To assimilate the additional control information carried in the E-DPCCH 614, certain options may be used in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure. In one example, I / Q multiplexing of the E-DPCCH information for both transport blocks can be used to enable transmission of the EDPCCH information for both transport blocks in the same channelization code. In another example, the channel encoding used to encode the E-DPCCH may use a low spreading factor, ie SF = 128, to accommodate the doubling of the channel bits. In yet another example, a suitable channelization code may be used to enable encoding of the information in the channel, while maintaining the spreading factor SF = 256.

FIG. 9 is a flow chart illustrating the generation of data information and its associated control information, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. At block 902, as illustrated in FIG. 4, the process can generate two transport blocks 402 and 452, to be transmitted on a primary data channel, e.g. g., the E-DPDCH 624, and a secondary data channel, eg. eg, the SE-DPDCH 620 (s), respectively, during a specific TTI. At block 904, the process may generate a primary control channel adapted to carry information associated with both the primary data channel and the secondary data channel. For example, the UE 210 may include a processing system 2014, configured to generate an E-DPCCH 614 adapted to carry control information, both for the E-DPDCH 624 and for the SE-DPDCH 620 (s).

In one example, the generation of the primary control channel E-DPCCH 614 at block 904 may include encoding 10 bits (or any suitable number of control bits) of control information for each data channel, using two independent schemes. channel coding. For example, the legacy encoding of the E-DPCCH channel, as used in the 3GPP HSUPA specifications, Version 7, can be used for the control information for the E-DPDCH 624 and independently for the information control corresponding to the SE-DPDCH 620. As described above, to assimilate the additional information to carry in the primary control channel E-DPCCH 614, the spreading factor can be reduced to SF = 128, Input / Output multiplexing can be used or a channelization code can be chosen. suitable to enable an encoding of the additional information, using the conventional spreading factor SF = 256.

At block 906, the process can apply the first precoding vector to the primary data channel. For example, as illustrated in FIG. 6, the primary data channel, that is, the E-DPDCH 624, is sent to the first virtual antenna 610 and is precoded using the primary precoding vector [W1, w₂]. At block 908, the process may apply the secondary precoding vector [W3, W4], which is adapted to be orthogonal to the first precoding vector, to the secondary data channel. For example, the secondary data channel, ie, the SE-DPDCH 620, is sent to the second virtual antenna 612 and is precoded using the secondary precoding vector [W3, W4]. Here, the secondary precoding vector [W3, W4] can be adapted to be orthogonal to the primary precoding vector [W1, w₂].

At block 910, the process may apply the first precoding vector to the primary control channel, which is adapted to carry the information associated with both the primary data channel and the secondary data channel. That is, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the second transport block, which is sent by the second virtual antenna 612, is precoded using a different precoding vector than the one used to precoding the associated control information. to the second transport block. Here, the control information for both transport blocks can be transmitted using the primary precoding vector, since the primary precoding vector provides the strongest auto-mode of the MIMO channel.

At block 912, the process can transmit the primary data channel and the primary control channel using the first virtual antenna 610; and at block 914 the process can transmit the secondary data channel using the second virtual antenna 612.

Uplink control channel amplification

Turning now to FIG. 5, as explained above, when range = 2 is selected, indicating a

In MIMO transmission, the HARQ entity 506 may provide a power offset for each of the primary and secondary transport blocks. That is, when transmitting the dual streams, the power used for the data and control channels can be amplified according to a suitable offset.

For example, the range of power offsets for the secondary stream in the secondary virtual antenna 612 could be expected to be similar to the range of power offsets for the primary stream in the primary virtual antenna 610. As a result, in some aspects of the present disclosure existing procedures, defined in the 3GPP specifications for the HSUPA to calculate a power offset for the E-DPDCH 624, can be reused to calculate the power offset for the ( the) SE-DPDCH 620. Alternatively, in another aspect of the disclosure, instead of reusing the same calculation procedure for each virtual antenna, the same reference gain factor can be applied to both the primary data channel of the E-DPDCH 624 and the data channel. secondary of the SE-DPDCH 620. Here, there may be no need to signal an individual set of reference gain factors for the secondary stream on the secondary virtual antenna 612. In this way, the power of the secondary data channel of the SE-DPDCH 620 can adopt a fixed offset with respect to the power of the primary data channel of the E-DPDCH 624. Here, the offset can be zero, that is, setting the same power for the respective data channels, or different from zero, indicating different power levels for the respective data channels. Selecting the same power level for each of the E-DPDCH 624 primary data channels and SE-DPDCH 620 secondary data channels can ensure that the power between the two streams is equally distributed.

As discussed above, uplink MIMOs, in accordance with various aspects of the present disclosure, can introduce two new control channels: a secondary control channel (the S-DPCCH 618) and a secondary enhanced control channel ( SE-DPCCH 616). Among these channels, in one aspect of the disclosure, the S-DPCCH secondary control channel 618 may be provided on the secondary virtual antenna 612, as discussed above. Here, the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 can be used in coordination with the primary control channel DPCCH 622 for channel estimation of the MIMO channel in the receiver, e.g. eg, Node B 208.

In the 3GPP Version 7 specifications, with the introduction of HSUPA, E-DPCCH enhanced control channel amplification was introduced to support high data rates on the uplink. That is, in the HSUPA, the pilot stabilization point, that is, the Ecp / Nt, could be modified by as much as 21.4 dB, according to variations in the data rate. The amplified power level of the E-DPCCH serves as an improved pilot reference when using high data rates.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, when range = 2 is selected so that the secondary stream is transmitted by the secondary virtual antenna 612, the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 can serve as a phase reference for the demodulation of data from SE-DPDCH 620. Because the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 can serve as the phase reference, as the data rate or transport block size of the secondary transport block carried on the secondary data channel of the SE-DPDCHs increases 620, the power for the S-DPCCH secondary control channel 618 can be amplified accordingly. That is, similarly to the E-DPCCH 614 enhanced control channel amplification, as used in the Version 7 HSUPA, known to those skilled in the art, in some aspects of the present disclosure the amplification of the S-DPCCH secondary control channel 618 to support high data rate transmission in the secondary stream, using secondary virtual antenna 612.

More specifically, one aspect of the disclosure amplifies the S-DPCCH based on the same parameters used for the amplification of the E-DPCCH. That is, an offset value ft_s-c to amplify the power for the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 on a specific TTI may correspond to a packet size of a packet transmitted on the primary enhanced data channel of the E-DPDCHs during that TTI. Here, the offset to amplify the power of the S-DPCCH secondary control channel may correspond to the packet size of the primary transport block sent by the E-DPDCH (s) 624.

Such a relationship between the amplification of a pilot in the secondary virtual antenna and a packet size sent by the primary virtual antenna can be counter-intuitive, since it may seem more natural to amplify the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 of according to the packet size of the secondary transport block sent on the secondary data channel of the SE-DPDCH 620. However, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, to simplify signaling, amplification can be determined with a packet size in the other stream.

Here, the term "offset" can correspond to a scaling factor, which can be multiplied by an unamplified value of the power. Here, on a decibel scale, the offset can be a decibel value to add to the unamplified value of the power in dBm.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, the offset for the S-DPCCH can be according to the equation:

ES 2 597 985 T3

<img file="ES2597985T3_D0001.tif" />

max

<img file="ES2597985T3_D0002.tif" />

¹⁰ where:

Ps-c, ¡, uq is the unquantized power shift of the S-DPCCH, in dB, for the / '- th E-TFC;

β_α is an additional gain factor for the DPCCH for a specific TFC, as described in 3GPP TS 25.214 v10.3;

TO_ec is a quantized amplitude ratio defined in 3GPP TS 25.213 v10.0, sub-clause 4.2.1.3;

kmaxj is the number of physical channels used for the / '- th E-TFC;

fiedj.k is a gain factor of the E-DPDCH for the / '- th E-TFC on the k-th physical channel; Y

Δτ2τρ is a total pilot power offset, configured for higher layers, defined in 3GPP TS 25.213 v10.0, sub-clause 4.2.1.3.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, when range = 1 is selected so that a single stream is transmitted, the S-DPCCH 618 can be transmitted using a single stream offset._sc with respect to DPCCH 622. In this way, if the UE 210 was configured for single stream transmissions, as it would be for uplink CLTD transmissions, or if the UE 210 was primarily transmitting a single stream, additional overhead can be reduced. pilot signal due to S-DPCCH 618.

FIG. 10 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process for Wireless communication over a UE 210, according to one aspect of the disclosure using secondary pilot channel amplification.

At block 1002, the process generates a primary transport block 402 for transmission during a specific TTI. In block 1004, the process transmits a primary enhanced data channel E-DPDCH 624 to carry primary transport block 402 and transmits a primary DPCCH control channel 622, each on the first virtual antenna 610. In block 1006, the process determines a reference power level, corresponding to the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618. In some examples, the reference power level may be the same power level as the power level 702 of the primary control channel or DPCCH 622. In some other examples, the reference power level may be offset from the power 702 of the primary control channel.

At block 1008, the process determines the range of the transmission. Here, the rank can be determined according to the concession received in the E-AGCH, as described above. If the range is range = 2, then, in block 1010, the process generates a secondary transport block 452 for transmission during the same TTI as that of the primary transport block 402. At block 1012, the process transmits a secondary enhanced data channel SE-DPDCH 620 to carry secondary transport block 452 on second virtual antenna 612. Here, secondary enhanced data channel SE-DPDCH 620 carries transport block secondary it 452 during the same TTI as the transmission of the primary transport block 402 on the first virtual antenna 610. At block 1014, the process transmits the secondary control channel S-DPCCH on the second virtual antenna 612, at an amplified power level relative to the reference power level determined at block 1006. In some aspects of the disclosure, the difference between the reference power level and the amplified power level can be determined according to a size of the primary transport block 402, transmitted on the primary enhanced data channel E-DPDCH 624. For example, the amplified power level can be determined by determining the product of the reference power level and the offset value c as described above.

On the other hand, if the process determines in block 1008 that the range is rank = 1, then in block 1016 the process can transmit the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618 on the second virtual antenna 612 in a second level of power, which is shifted by a certain amount (e.g., a predetermined amount), such as single flow displacement \_sc, with respect to the power of the primary control channel it DPCCH 622. Here, because the range is rank = 1, the process can stop transmitting the secondary enhanced data channel or SE-DPDCH 620. Here, the secondary control channel it S-DPCCH 618 can be easily determined, and can be available for single stream transmissions, such as uplink closed loop transmission diversity. In this way, with a proper selection of the single flow displacement A_sc, the additional pilot overhead, due to the secondary control channel S-DPCCH 618, can be reduced.

Uplink internal loop power control

ES 2 597 985 T3

In HSUPA, active uplink power control is used to improve the reception of transmissions from mobile stations at Node B. That is, the multiple access air interface nature of WCDMA, in which multiple UEs operate. simultaneously within the same frequency, separated only by their spreading codes, can be highly susceptible to interference problems. For example, a single UE, transmitting at a very high power, can block Node B from receiving transmissions from other UEs.

To address this issue, conventional HSUPA systems generally implement a fast closed loop power control procedure, commonly referred to as an inner loop power control. With inner loop power control, Node B 208 estimates the Signal to Interference Ratio (SIR) of uplink transmissions received from a specific UE 210 and compares the estimated SIR to a desired SIR. Based on this comparison to the desired SIR, Node B 208 can transmit feedback to UE 210, instructing UE 210 to increase or decrease its transmit power. Transmissions occur once per interval, resulting in 1,500 transmissions per second. For additional control, as further described below, the desired SIR can be modified using outer loop power control, based on whether or not the transmissions meet a Block Error Rate (BLER) target.

With uplink MIMOs, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the power control of the uplink inner loop can be improved, taking additional considerations into account. For example, due to the non-linear processing of the MIMO receiver at Node B 208, it may be desired that the power per code remain essentially constant throughout the entire TTI. That is, the variation in power in the EUL traffic channels (that is, the E-DPDCH 624 and the SE-DPDCH 620) throughout a TTI can affect planning decisions in the Node B 208, in terms of server concessions, as well as data demodulation performance. However, since a TTI lasts for three intervals, adjusting the power control in each interval may not be desired. Therefore, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, when uplink MIMOs are configured, power control can be performed once every three intervals, resulting in 500 transmissions per second (500 Hz), still enabling at the same time a constant transmission power in the traffic channels during TTI in both flows.

On the other hand, additional channels transmitted over the uplink, such as DPDCH 626, EDPCCH 614, and HS-DPCCH 628, can benefit from faster power control, i.e. with power control transmissions once per 1,500 Hz interval. Therefore, according to a further aspect of the present disclosure, the power control of the pilot channels and that of the traffic channels can be decoupled. That is, a two-dimensional power control loop can be implemented, in which the available traffic power and the pilot powers are independently controlled powers. In this way, the pilot powers can be adjusted to ensure that the DCH performance and overspending are maintained, while the traffic power (the E-DPDCH 624 and the SE-DPDCH 620) can be adjusted separately, while ensuring that the E-DPCCH 614 and S-DPCCH 618 remain at a fixed power offset below the traffic powers, since the E-DPCCH 614 and S-DPCCH 618 serve as phase references to traffic power.

An additional consideration regarding power control when uplink MIMOs are configured concerns whether the two streams should be independently controlled via dual inner loop power control, or whether power control for each of the streams should be linked using a single inner loop power control. Those of ordinary skill in the art familiar with MIMO theory will understand that, assuming an array of Rayleigh fading MIMO channels of 2x2 size, the weakest singular value has a much higher probability of deep fading, compared to with the strongest singular value. Here, the singular value corresponds to the power of the signal component when SINR measurements at the receiver are performed on the pre-coded channel (ie, the virtual channel). In this case, essential transmit power can be wasted in the S-DPCCH secondary pilot 618, if an attempt is made to reverse the weaker auto-mode.

Therefore, assuming that each between the E-DPCCH 614 and the S-DPCCH 618 is amplified as described above, in order to ensure a fairly high phase reference for the E-DPDCH 624 and (the) ) S-EDPDCH 620, then a single inner loop power control, based on a measurement of the received power from the primary control channel DPCCH 622, may be sufficient.

That is, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, single inner loop power control can be used at Node B 208 to control the power corresponding to both transport blocks when UE 210 is configured for MIMO transmissions. Here, the power control may be based on a measurement of the SINR, corresponding to the primary control channel DPCCH 622, which is transmitted on the primary stream 610.

For example, FIG. 11 illustrates an exemplary process for a network node, such as Node B 208 or potentially an RNC 206, to implement single inner loop power control for a link MIMO flow

ES 2 597 985 T3 upstream, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. Here, process 1100 can be implemented by a 2014 processing system, p. eg, configured to execute instructions stored on a computer-readable medium 106. In another example, process 1100 may be implemented by Node B 2110 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, any suitable network node, capable of implementing the described functions, can be used within the scope of the present disclosure.

In process 1100, at block 1102, Node B 208 may receive an uplink transmission from a UE 208, the transmission including a first stream 610 having a primary data channel E-DPDCH 624 and a primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, and a second stream 612 having an S-DPCCH secondary pilot channel 618 and optionally a SE-DPDCH 620 secondary data channel. That is, the received uplink transmission may be a rank = 1 transmission that does not include the SE-DPDCH 620 secondary data channel, or a rank = 2 transmission that includes the SE-DPDCH 620 secondary data channel. At block 1104, Node B 208 can determine a SIR corresponding to the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, received on the first flow. At block 1106, Node B 208 can compare the SIR determined at block 1104 with a desired SIR. For example, the desired SIR can be a predetermined value stored in a memory. In addition, the desired SIR may be a variable controllable by the outer loop power control module or procedure.

In block 1108, Node B 208 can generate a suitable power control command, based on the comparison made in block 1106. Here, the generated power control command can be adapted to control a power of the first flow and a power of the second flow. For example, the power control command may correspond directly to the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, and may directly instruct a change in the power of the primary stream. However, with the knowledge that the power of the second flow is linked to the power of the primary flow, e.g. For example, being referred to by a fixed displacement, the power control command can control a respective power of both flows.

Here, a power level of the primary stream may include one or more of a power level of the dedicated physical control channel DPCCH 622, a power level of the dedicated and enhanced physical control channel E-DPCCH 624, a power level of the Enhanced Dedicated Physical Data Channel, E-DPDCH 624, or a sum of any or all of these channels. Similarly, a secondary stream power level may include one or more of a secondary dedicated control physical channel power level S-DPCCH 618, a dedicated and enhanced secondary physical data channel power level, SE- DPDCH 620, or a sum of any, or all, of these channels.

FIG. 12 illustrates a process 1200 for inner loop power control, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, that can be implemented by a UE 210. In some examples, process 1200 can be implemented by a processing system 2014, p. eg, configured to execute instructions stored on a computer-readable medium 106. In another example, the process 1200 may be implemented by the UE 2150 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, any suitable mobile or fixed user equipment 210 capable of implementing the described functions can be used within the scope of the present disclosure.

At block 1202, the UE 210 may transmit an uplink transmission that includes a primary stream 610 and a secondary stream 612. Here, the primary stream 610 may include an E-DPDCH primary data channel 624 and a DPCCH primary pilot channel. 622. In addition, secondary stream 612 may include a secondary pilot channel SDPCCH 618 and optionally a secondary data channel SE-DPDCH 620. That is, the transmitted uplink transmission may be a rank = 1 transmission that does not include the S-EDPDCH 620 secondary data channel, or a rank = 2 transmission that includes the SE-DPDCH 620 secondary data channel.

At block 1204, UE 210 may receive a first power control command. In some examples, as described above, the power control command may be transmitted once every transmission time interval. Here, the first power control command can be adapted to directly control a power of the primary flow 610. Based on the first received power control command, at block 1206, the UE 210 can adjust the primary stream power accordingly, for example by adjusting the power of the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622. Thus, at block 1208 the UE 210 can transmit the primary stream 610 according to the first power control command. That is, the UE 210 can use the adjusted power of the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, determined in block 1206, while maintaining a power level of the dedicated and enhanced physical control channel E-DPCCH 614 and at least one channel of control. E-DPDCH primary data 624 in a second fixed offset from the power of the dedicated physical control channel DPCCH 622.

At block 1210, the UE 210 can transmit the secondary stream 612, maintaining a power level of the secondary stream 612 at a fixed first offset with respect to the power of the primary stream 610. In this way, the only first control command of Power, received at block 1204, can control the power of the primary stream 610 and the secondary stream 612.

FIG. 13 illustrates another exemplary procedure, similar to that illustrated in FIG. 12, for implementation by a UE 210, according to some aspects of the present disclosure. At block 1302, the UE 210 may transmit an uplink transmission, which includes a primary stream 610 and a secondary stream 612. Here, the primary stream 610 may include a primary E-DPDCH data channel 624 and a primary pilot channel DPCCH 622. In addition, the flow

ES 2 597 985 T3 secondary 612 may include a secondary pilot channel S-DPCCH 618 and optionally a secondary data channel SE-DPDCH 620. That is, the uplink transmission transmitted may be a rank = 1 transmission that does not includes secondary data channel SE-DPDCH 620 or a rank = 2 transmission that includes secondary data channel SE-DPDCH 620.

At block 1304, the UE 210 may receive a first power control command once at each TTI, the first power control command being adapted to control a power of the primary data channel EDPDCH 624. At block 1306, the UE 210 may receive a second power control command once per interval, the second power control command being adapted to control a power of one or more control channels carried in the primary stream 610. In block 1308, the process can adjust the power of the primary data channel E-DPDCH 624, according to the first power control command, and adjust the power of the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, according to the second control command of power. Thus, at block 1310, the UE 210 can transmit the primary stream 610 according to the first power control command and the second power control command, as set in block 1308. At block 1312, the UE 210 can transmit the secondary stream 612, maintaining a power level of the secondary stream 612 at a fixed first offset relative to the power of the primary stream 610.

Outer loop power control

In addition to inner loop power control, an HSUPA network can additionally use outer loop power control. As briefly described above, outer loop power control can be used to adjust the desired stabilization point of the SIR at Node B 208, according to the needs of the individual radio link. Adjusting the desired SIR, using outer loop power control, can target transmissions to meet a certain Block Error Rate (BLER) target. In one example, outer loop power control can be implemented by having Node B 206 tag received uplink user data with a frame reliability indicator, such as the result of a CRC control corresponding to the data from the uplink. user, before sending the frame to RNC 206. Here, if the RNC 206 determines that the transmission quality of the uplink transmissions from the UE 210 is changing, the RNC 206 can instruct the Node B 208 to correspondingly alter its desired SIR.

In an example using single inner loop power control for uplink MIMO transmissions, as described above, setting the desired SIR as part of outer loop power control presents additional considerations. For example, in some aspects of the disclosure, the desired SIR adjustment may be based on BLER performance and / or HARQ failure performance of the primary stream 610. This would appear to be a natural choice, since the single inner loop power control, as described above, can be based on the DPCCH 622, which can also be carried on the primary stream 610. In addition, the desired SIR setting based on the BLEr performance and / or the HARQ failure performance of the primary stream 610 they can achieve a desired BLER in the secondary stream 612, maintaining an outer loop in the speed control of the second stream 612.

In another aspect of the disclosure, the desired SIR setting may be based on the BLER performance and / or the HARq failure performance of the secondary stream 612. Here, this approach can be affected by an issue in which the desired SIR is continually increased to overcome a deep fade associated with the weakest singular value of the MIMO channel, and could result in a situation where the BLER in the first flow is much lower than the desired BLER, while the desired BLER in the second flow cannot even be achieved.

In yet another aspect of the disclosure, the desired SIR setting may be based on the BLER performance and / or the HARQ failure performance of both the primary stream 610 and the secondary stream 612. For example, the desired SIR it can be adjusted according to a suitable weighted function of the BLER performance and / or the HARQ failure performance of each MIMO stream. With proper weighting on such a function, the desired SIR could be skewed in favor of the primary stream, while still paying some attention to the performance of the secondary stream, or vice versa. This example can be useful in a situation where the speed control outer loop in the Node B scheduler finds it challenging to satisfy a certain desired BLER, or certain desired HARQ failures, in one or the other flow.

Specific examples, in which the desired SIR is adjusted based, at least in part, on the BLER performance and / or the HARQ failure performance, both of the primary flow and the secondary flow, can be implemented according to the process illustrated by the flow chart of FIG. 14. Here, the process can be implemented by an RNC 206, or any other suitable network node, coupled to Node B 208. The performance of the process in an RNC 206, or another network node, other than Node B 208, can improve the performance in the case of a soft handover between the respective Nodes B. However, other examples according to aspects of the present disclosure can implement the process illustrated in Node B 208.

As described above, when Node B 208 receives uplink transmissions, it can calculate a CRC and compare it to a CRC field in the data block. Therefore, in block 1402, the RNC

ES 2 597 985 T3

206 You can receive the results of the CRC comparisons for each stream of the uplink MIMO transmission, e.g. For example, over a backhaul connection between Node B 206 and RNC 206. In block 1404, according to the results of the CRC, the process can determine the BLER performance and / or the failure performance of HARQ of at least one between primary flow 610 and secondary flow 612. In some examples, as described above, the metric, e.g. eg, BLER performance and / or HARQ failure performance can, in fact, be determined for both streams. Therefore, at block 1406, the process can generate a new desired SIR, according to BLER performance and / or HARQ failure performance, determined at block 1004, for at least one between the primary stream and the secondary stream, and at block 1408 the process can send the desired generated SIR to Node B 208. In this way, by virtue of using a single inner loop power control for both streams, the generation of a single desired SIR may be sufficient for power control on both streams.

Uplink planner

Yet another consideration with an uplink MIMO system, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, relates to the uplink scheduler design. While an uplink scheduler has several aspects, a specific aspect of the MIMO uplink scheduler decides between planning single-stream or dual-stream uplink transmissions. Here, a metric that could be used when making a determination between planning single flow or dual flow is the flow rate that can be achieved using a single flow, and the summed flow rate that can be achieved using dual flows.

That is, if the UE 210 is transmitting a single stream, as described above, to reduce the overhead for the secondary pilot channel S-DPCCH 618, its power can be offset from the power of the primary pilot channel DPCCH 622, in the single flow displacement Asc. However, in one aspect of the present disclosure, as described above, when data is transmitted in a second stream, the power of the secondary pilot channel S-DPCCH 618 can be amplified. Therefore, to evaluate the dual stream throughput that could be achieved if the UE 210 is to transmit dual streams, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, the Node B 208 may take into account the amplification of the secondary pilot channel S-DPCCH. 618 when the UE 210 is configured to transmit two streams. That is, the scheduler at Node B 208 can estimate the ratio of traffic signals to noise that would have resulted from a different transmit pilot power level than actually sent.

An additional consideration for a scheduler that must deal with the potential switching between single stream transmissions and dual stream transmissions concerns HARQ retransmissions. For example, HARQ retransmissions might not occur instantaneously after receipt of a negative HARQ acknowledgment message. Furthermore, the HARQ retransmission may fail as well, and multiple HARQ retransmissions may be transmitted. Here, the HARQ retransmission period may take some time, and during the HARQ retransmission period a decision can be made to switch between dual-stream transmissions and single-stream transmissions. In this case, according to various aspects of the present disclosure, the scheduler may consider certain factors to determine on which stream to transmit a HARQ retransmission.

In particular, there are three main scenarios that the planner can consider. In one scenario, if the UE 210 transmits a packet in a single stream, that packet may fail and HARQ retransmissions of the failed packet may occur one or more times. During the HARQ retransmission period, the UE 210 may receive a command to switch to dual stream transmissions, such as MIMO transmissions using dual transport blocks. In another scenario, if the UE 210 transmits packets in dual streams, the packet transmitted on the weak secondary stream 612 may fail and HARQ retransmissions of the failed packet may occur one or more times. During the HARQ retransmission period, the UE 210 may receive a command to switch to single stream transmissions, such as CLTD transmissions that use a single transport block. In yet another scenario, if the UE 210 transmits packets in dual streams, the packet transmitted on the more powerful primary stream 610 may fail and HARQ retransmissions of the failed packet may occur one or more times. During the HARQ retransmission period, the UE 210 may receive a command to switch to single stream transmissions, such as CLTD transmissions that use a single transport block. In each of these cases, the scheduler should consider whether to actually switch between single and dual streams and, if so, in which stream to send the HARQ retransmissions. Each of these scenarios is discussed in turn later.

FIG. 15 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 1500 for an uplink scheduler, to be followed when the UE 210 receives a command to switch from single stream transmissions to dual stream transmissions during a HARQ retransmission period. Here, process 1500 can take place within a processing system 2014, which can be located in UE 210. In another aspect, process 1500 can be implemented by UE 2154 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, in various aspects within the scope of the present disclosure, the process 1500 can be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of transmitting a single stream uplink and a MIMO uplink using dual streams.

According to process 1500, in block 1502 the UE 210 can transmit an uplink using a single stream. For example, the UE 210 can transmit a single transport block using the E-DPDCH 624 in a

ES 2 597 985 T3 CLTD mode, which can use both physical antennas 606 and 608 to transmit the single stream. Based on the single stream transmission at block 1502, at block 1504 the UE 210 may receive feedback from HARQ indicating a transmission decoding failure at the receiver. Here, the HARQ feedback may include ACK / NACK signaling 510 provided to the HARQ entity 506 in the E-HICH, as described above. Thus, as described above, the HARQ entity 506 may determine to retransmit the failed MAC PDU, corresponding to the decoding failure. At or near this time, at block 1506 the UE 210 may determine to transmit dual streams. For example, the UE 210 may receive a command from the network to switch to a dual stream mode for MIMO transmissions. In another example, the UE 210 may determine to switch to dual stream mode for MIMO transmissions based on suitable criteria.

Therefore, during the HARQ retransmission period during which the UE 210 is attempting to retransmit the failed packet, the uplink scheduler for the UE 210 must manage the retransmission, as well as switch from single stream mode to single stream mode. dual flow. One issue here is that the UE is limited in power, and the power grant for a dual stream transmission must be allocated between the two streams. Therefore, if a packet that was originally transmitted in a single stream is to be retransmitted in one of the dual streams, the E-DCH power available for retransmission would need to be reduced by a factor of two to assimilate the secondary stream.

Thus, in one aspect of the present disclosure, at block 1508, the UE 210 can maintain the uplink transmission using the single stream. That is, despite the determination in block 1506 to switch to dual-stream mode, the UE 210, in accordance with one aspect of the present disclosure, may postpone switching to dual-stream mode until retransmissions of HARQ corresponding to the decoding failure are complete.

At block 1510, the UE 210 may receive additional feedback from HARQ 510, corresponding to the transmission at block 1508. Here, if the feedback from HARQ 510, received at block 1510, indicates an additional decoding failure of the transmission in block 1508, sending a negative acknowledgment of receipt (NACK), then the process can return to block 1508, continuing the maintenance of the uplink transmission, using the single stream. However, if the HARQ 510 feedback, received at block 1510, indicates a decoding success by sending a positive acknowledgment (ACK), then at block 1512, the UE 210 can transmit the uplink using dual streams, e.g. eg, as a MIMO stream using two transport blocks.

FIG. 16 is a flow chart illustrating an exemplary process 1600 for an uplink scheduler, to be followed when the UE 210 receives a command to switch from dual stream transmissions to single stream transmissions during a HARQ retransmission period. Here, process 1600 can take place within a processing system 2014, which can be located at UE 210. In another aspect, process 1600 can be implemented by UE 2154 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, in various aspects within the scope of the present disclosure, the process 1600 can be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of transmitting a single stream uplink and a MIMO uplink, using dual streams.

According to process 1600, at block 1602 the UE 210 can transmit an uplink using a first stream and a second stream. Here, the terms "first stream" and "second stream" are merely nominative, and any stream can correspond to one between a primary stream sent in a primary precoding vector 610 and a secondary stream sent in a precoding vector. secondary 612. For example, one stream may include a primary transport block on the E-DPDCH 624 data channel, and the other stream may include a secondary transport block on the SE-DPDCH 620 data channel, which may be transmitted using, respectively, the orthogonal precoding vectors [W1, w₂] and [W3, w₄]. In this example, with the configuration illustrated in FIG. 6, the primary stream is the strongest auto-modality, while the secondary stream is the weakest auto-modality.

Based on the dual stream transmission at block 1602, at block 1704 the UE 210 may receive feedback from HARQ indicating a packet decoding failure in the first stream and a packet decoding success in the second stream. . Here, the HARQ feedback may include ACK / NACK signaling 510, provided to the HARQ entity 506 in the E-HICH, as described above. The HARQ feedback may therefore include a positive acknowledgment (ACK) for one of the streams, and a negative acknowledgment (NACK) for the other stream. Thus, as described above, the HARQ entity 506 may determine to retransmit the failed MAC PDU corresponding to the decoding failure in the secondary stream. For example, the packet transmitted using the primary precoding vector 610 may fail, corresponding to the receipt of a negative acknowledgment (NACK), while the packet transmitted using the secondary precoding vector 612 may have success, which corresponds to the receipt of a positive acknowledgment (ACK). As another example, the packet transmitted using the primary precoding vector 610 may be successful, corresponding to the receipt of a positive acknowledgment (ACK), while the packet transmitted using the secondary precoding vector 612 it may fail, which corresponds to the receipt of a negative acknowledgment (NACK).

ES 2 597 985 T3

At or near this time, at block 1610 the UE 210 may determine to transmit a single stream. For example, the UE 210 may receive a command from the network to switch to a single stream mode, e.g. eg for CLTD transmissions. In another example, UE 210 may determine to switch to single stream mode based on suitable criteria.

Therefore, during the HARQ retransmission period during which the UE is attempting to retransmit the failed packet, transmitted in the first flow, the uplink scheduler for UE 210 must handle the retransmission, as well as switch from the flow mode. dual to single stream mode.

In one aspect of the present disclosure, at block 1608, the UE 210 may allocate power from the second stream, corresponding to the packet that was successfully decoded, to the first stream, corresponding to the decoding failure. In this way, the single stream transmission can have an increased power relative to a power of any of the dual streams transmitted in the dual stream mode, improving the probability of a successful decoding of the next retransmission. In some examples, all the available power on the E-DCH can be assigned to the first stream. That is, at block 1610, the UE 210 may transmit a HARQ retransmission corresponding to the decoding failure in the first stream, in the first stream. That is, the precoding vector that was used for transmission of the failed packet can be used for single-stream retransmission of the packet after switching to single-stream mode.

FIG. 17 is a flow chart illustrating another exemplary process 1700 for an uplink scheduler, to be followed when the UE 210 receives a command to switch from dual stream transmissions to single stream transmissions during a HARQ retransmission period. Here, process 1700 can take place within a processing system 2014, which can be located in UE 210. In another aspect, process 1700 can be implemented by UE 2154 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, in various aspects within the scope of the present disclosure, process 1700 can be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of transmitting a single stream uplink and a MIMO uplink, using dual streams.

The first blocks of process 1700 are similar to process 1600 illustrated in FIG. 16. That is, blocks 1702, 1704, and 1706 may be essentially similar to those described above with respect to blocks 1602, 1604, and 1606, and parts of these blocks that are the same as described above will not be repeated. However, unlike process 1600, process 1700 can provide a retransmitted packet in a different precoding vector than the precoding vector in which the packet was previously transmitted. Therefore, in block 1708 the UE 210 can allocate power from the first stream, corresponding to the decoding failure, to the second stream, corresponding to the packet that was successfully decoded. In this way, similar to process 1600, the single stream transmission can have an increased power relative to a power of any of the dual streams transmitted in the dual stream mode, improving the probability of a successful decoding of the next retransmission. In some examples, all the available power on the E-DCH can be assigned to the second stream. Thus, at block 1710, the UE 210 can transmit a HARQ retransmission corresponding to the decoding failure in the first stream, in the second stream. That is, the precoding vector that was used for the transmission of the successful packet can be used for the single stream transmission of the HARQ retransmission after switching to the single stream mode. Thus, in one aspect of the present disclosure, after switching to single stream mode, the packet that failed to be transmitted using one precoding vector can be retransmitted using the other precoding vector.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, a decision, regarding whether or not to switch from dual stream mode to single stream mode, can be made by the E-TFC selection entity 504. Here, the selection may correspond to various factors, such as the available power granted to the UE 210 for its next uplink transmission, how much power might be required to carry a transport block size with minimal support for dual-stream transmissions, or channel conditions. For example, when channel conditions are bad, it may be desirable to transmit only a single stream, in order to increase the available power per stream. Also, if not enough power is available to carry a specific size transport block for dual stream transmissions, it may be desirable to transmit only a single stream. On the other hand, if the opportunity is available to use both streams, it may be generally desirable to transmit dual streams in uplink MIMO to increase throughput.

For example, FIG. 18 illustrates another exemplary process 1800 for uplink scheduling, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Here, process 1800 can take place within a processing system 2014, which can be located at UE 210. In another aspect, process 1800 can be implemented by UE 2154 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, in various aspects within the scope of the present disclosure, the 1800 process can be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of transmitting a single stream uplink and a MIMO uplink, using dual streams.

At block 1802, the UE 210 transmits dual streams in an uplink MIMO transmission. At block 1804, the UE 210 receives feedback from HARQ indicating a decoding failure on the stronger primary stream 610 and a decoding success on the weaker secondary stream 612. In this case, according to a

In the aspect of the present disclosure, the UE 210 can determine whether to transmit a single stream or dual streams, according to suitable factors. If a single stream is selected, then in block 1806 the UE 210 can allocate all available power on the E-DCH to the primary precoding vector 610 as a single stream transmission and in block 1828 the UE 210 can continue with HARQ retransmissions of the packet, using primary precoding vector 610. On the other hand, if dual streams are selected, then, at block 1810, the UE 210 can continue with HARQ retransmissions of the packet using the primary precoding vector, and begin transmission of a newly selected packet in the vector. Secondary pre-encoding, weaker. That is, HARQ retransmissions of the failed packet can continue in the flow corresponding to the failed packet, and new packets can be selected for transmission in the flow corresponding to the successful packet.

As another example, FIG. 19 illustrates another exemplary process 1900 for uplink planning, in accordance with some aspects of the present disclosure. Here, the process 1900 can take place within a processing system 2014, which can be located in the UE 210. In another aspect, the process 1900 can be implemented by the UE 2154 illustrated in FIG. twenty-one. Of course, in various aspects within the scope of the present disclosure, the 1900 process can be implemented by any suitable apparatus capable of transmitting a single stream uplink and a MIMO uplink, using dual streams.

At block 1902, the UE 210 transmits dual streams in an uplink MIMO transmission. At block 1904, the UE 210 receives feedback from HARQ indicating a decoding failure on the weaker secondary stream 612 and a decoding success on the stronger primary stream 610. In this case, according to one aspect of the present disclosure, at block 1906 the UE 210 can determine whether a single stream or dual streams is transmitted, according to suitable factors. If a single stream is selected, then in block 1908 the UE 210 can allocate all available power on the E-DCH to the secondary precoding vector as a single stream transmission, and in block 1910 the UE 210 you can continue with the HARQ retransmissions of the packet using the secondary precoding vector 612.

On the other hand, if dual streams are selected in block 1906, then the E-TFC selection entity 504 may consider additional factors in generating the transmission in the next transmission time interval. For example, as described above, the E-TFC selection entity 504 receives scheduling signaling 508, such as an absolute grant for each of the transport blocks 610 and 612 in a certain interval. Here, the interval during which the scheduling grant is provided to UE 210 may not be as often as each transmission time interval. Therefore, in the current scenario, when deciding which packets to transmit in each stream in the next transmission time interval, the ETFC selection entity 504 may rely on a scheduling grant received sometime in the past. The scheduling grant provided on the E-AGCH generally provides a power for each of the streams, and a transport block size for each of the streams.

According to one aspect of the present disclosure, when dual streams are selected after reception of the HARQ feedback, at block 1904, indicating a decoding success in the primary precoding vector 610 and a decoding failure. In the secondary precoding vector 612, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can select a next packet to transmit in the primary precoding vector 610, along with the retransmitted packet provided by the HARQ entity 506, to be transmitted in the secondary precoding vector 612. Here, an uplink MIMO system, according to some aspects of the present disclosure, may be restricted by a requirement of that the same orthogonal variable spreading factor (OVSF) or, more simply, the spreading factor, be used for both flows. However, in order to utilize certain spreading factors, the transport block size in the next selected packet may be required to have at least a certain minimum length in bits. For example, a minimum transport block size for the next selected packet may be 3,988 bits and, if the next selected packet is to be transmitted using the same spreading factor as the retransmitted packet on secondary stream 612, the selected packet for the primary stream 610 it must be more than 3,988 bits in length.

In a further aspect of the present disclosure, the E-TFC selection entity 504 may take into account the power available for the primary stream 610, for the next transmission. That is, because the scheduling grant, used for a specific transmission time interval that is to include a HARQ retransmission in the secondary stream 612, may have been granted at some previous time, the selection of the next packet to transmit on the primary stream 610 it can raise issues with uplink power slack. Therefore, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can consider whether or not the available power for the primary stream 610 is greater than a minimum power to carry a transport block size with minimal support on the primary stream 610 for transmissions of dual stream (eg, from MIMO of rank = 2).

Therefore, returning to FIG. 19, if in block 1906 the UE 210 determines that the conditions may be favorable for the transmission of dual stream rank = 2 MIMOs, then in block 1912 the E-TFC selection entity 504 can select the next packet for transmission on primary stream 610. In block 1914, the E-TFC selection entity 504 may determine whether or not the transport block size (TBS) of the packet selected in block 1912 is greater than a minimum transport block size. If I do not

ES 2 597 985 T3 is, then, if the process is constrained by the minimum transport block size requirement, then the process can go back to block 1908, and assign the full power of the E-DCH to the primary precoding vector 610, and to block 1910 to retransmit the failed packet using the secondary precoding vector in a single stream rank = 1 transmission.

However, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the UE 210 can be enabled to violate the general requirement for the minimum transport block size. That is, despite the selected transport block size being smaller than the minimum transport block size, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can nonetheless transmit the selected transport block on the primary stream 610. . Here, transmission of the selected transport block on primary stream 610 may use a different spreading factor than retransmission on secondary stream 612; or the spreading factor of the retransmission on the secondary stream 612 can be modified to match that used for the new transport block to be transmitted on the primary stream 610, according to an appropriate design decision.

At block 1916, the E-TFC selection entity 504 can determine whether or not the available power for the primary stream 610 is greater than a minimum power to carry a transport block size with minimal support for dual stream transmissions. Here, the minimum available power requirement may, in fact, be the same requirement as described above, that is, the minimum transport block size requirement. That is, the available power may be insufficient to support the minimum transport block size. If the available power is not greater than the minimum power, then if the process is constrained by the minimum transport block size requirement, the E-TFC 504 selection entity can return to blocks 1908 and 1910, as per described above, retransmitting the failed packet using the single stream.

However, in one aspect of the present disclosure, the UE 210 can be enabled to violate the general requirement for minimum power. That is, despite the power available for primary stream 610 not being greater than the minimum power to carry the transport block size with minimal support for dual-stream transmissions, the process can advance to block 1918, where UE 210 can transmit a new packet using primary precoding vector 610, and retransmit the failed packet using secondary precoding vector 612. Here, the transmitted packet may have a smaller transport block size than is generally required by the minimum transport block size requirement, but at the smallest transport block size the available power may be sufficient. In this case, as before, transmission of the selected transport block on primary stream 610 may use a different spreading factor than retransmission on secondary stream 612; or the spreading factor of the retransmission on the secondary stream 612 may be modified to match that used for the new transport block to be transmitted on the primary stream 610, according to an appropriate design decision.

According to various aspects of the disclosure, an item, or any part of an item, or any combination of items, can be implemented with a "processing system" that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, digital signal processors (DSP), field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gates, discrete hardWare circuits, and other suitable hardWare, configured to perform the various functionality described throughout the length of this disclosure.

One or more processors in the processing system can run softWare. The softWare will be interpreted in a broad sense as instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, sub-programs, softWare modules, applications, softWare applications, softWare packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executable modules, threads, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as softWare, firmWare, middleWare, micro-code, hardWare description language, or otherwise. The software may reside on a computer-readable medium. The computer-readable medium may be a non-transitory computer-readable medium. A non-transient computer-readable medium includes, by way of example, a magnetic storage device (eg, a hard disk, a floppy disk, a magnetic stripe), an optical disk (eg, a compact disk (CD), a digital versatile disc (DVD)), a smart card, a flash memory device (p. e.g. a card, a stick, a controller-key), a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable ROM (PROM), an erasable PROM (EPROM), an electrically PROM erasable (EEPROM), a registry, a removable disk and any other suitable medium for storing softWare and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium may also include, by way of example, a carrier wave, a transmission line, and any other suitable medium for transmitting software and / or instructions that can be accessed and read by a computer. The computer-readable medium can be resident in the processing system, external to the processing system, or distributed among multiple entities including the processing system. The computer-readable medium can be made into a computer program product. By way of example, a computer program product may include a computer-readable medium in packaging materials. Those skilled in the art will recognize how to optimally implement the described functionality, presented throughout this disclosure, depending on the specific application and global design constraints imposed on the overall system.

ES 2 597 985 T3

FIG. 20 is a conceptual diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for an apparatus 2000 employing a processing system 2014. In this example, the processing system 2014 may be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by bus 2002 Bus 2002 may include any number of interconnect buses and bridges, depending on the specific application of the 2014 processing system and overall design constraints. Bus 2002 links together various circuits including one or more processors, generally represented by processor 2004, a memory 2005, and computer-readable media, generally represented by computer-readable medium 2006. Bus 2002 can also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described hereinafter. A bus interface 108 provides an interface between the bus 2002 and a transceiver 2010. The transceiver 2010 provides a means of communicating with various other apparatus, by a transmission medium. Depending on the nature of the apparatus, a user interface 2012 (eg, a key panel, a display, a speaker, a microphone, a joystick) may also be provided.

Processor 2004 is responsible for managing the 2002 bus and general processing, including running the software stored on the 2006 computer-readable medium. The software, when run by processor 2004, causes the 2014 processing system to perform the various functions described below for any specific appliance. Computer-readable medium 2006 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by processor 104 when executing software.

FIG. 21 is a block diagram of an exemplary Node B 2110, in communication with an exemplary UE 2150, where Node B 2110 may be Node B 208 in FIG. 2, and the UE 2150 may be the UE 210 in FIG. 2. In downlink communication, a controller or processor 2140 can receive data from a data source 2112. The channel estimates can be used by a controller / processor 2140 to determine the coding, modulation, spreading and / or encryption schemes for the transmission processor 2120. These channel estimates can be obtained from a reference signal transmitted by the UE 2150, or from the feedback from the UE 2150. A transmitter 2132 can provide various signal conditioning functions, including amplifying, filtering, and modulating frames on a carrier for downlink transmission over a wireless medium, through one or more antennas 2134. The antennas 2134 may include one or more antennas, for example, including arrays of adaptive bidirectional beamguiding antennas, MIMO arrays, or any other suitable transmit / receive technologies.

In the UE 2150, a receiver 2154 receives the downlink transmission through one or more antennas 2152 and processes the transmission to retrieve the modulated information about the carrier. The information retrieved by the receiver 2154 is provided to a controller / processor 2190. The processor 2190 decrypts and spreads the symbols, and determines the most probable points of constellation of signals, transmitted by the Node B 2110, based on the scheme of modulation. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates calculated by processor 2190. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data, control and reference signals. The CRC codes are then checked to determine whether or not the frames were successfully decoded. The data carried by the successfully decoded frames will then be provided to a data sink 2172, which represents applications running on the UE 2150 and / or various user interfaces (eg, a viewer). Control signals carried by successfully decoded frames will be provided to a controller / processor 2190. When frames are not successfully decoded, controller / processor 2190 may also use an acknowledgment (ACK) and / or negative acknowledgment (NACK) protocol to support retransmission requests for those frames.

On the uplink, data is provided from a data source 2178 and control signals from the controller / processor 2190. The data source 2178 can represent applications running on the UE 2150 and various user interfaces (eg, a keyboard). Similar to the functionality described in relation to downlink transmission by Node B 2110, processor 2190 provides various signal processing functions including CRC codes, encoding and interleaving to facilitate FEC (Advance Error Correction). , correlation with constellations of signals, spreading with the OVSF and encryption to produce a series of symbols. Channel estimates, obtained by processor 2190 from a reference signal transmitted by Node B 2110 or from feedback contained in a mid-range transmitted by Node B 2110, can be used to select the appropriate encoding schemes. , modulation, spreading and / or encryption. The symbols produced by processor 2190 will be used to create a frame structure. Processor 2190 creates this frame structure by multiplexing the symbols with additional information, resulting in a series of frames. The frames are then provided to a 2156 transmitter, which provides various signal conditioning functions including amplifying, filtering, and modulating frames on a carrier for uplink transmission over the wireless medium, over one or more antennas 2152.

The uplink transmission is processed at Node B 2110 in a manner similar to that described in relation to the receiving function at UE 2150. A receiver 2135 receives the uplink transmission through said

ES 2 597 985 T3 one or more antennas 2134 and processes the transmission to recover the modulated information on the carrier. The information retrieved by receiver 2135 is provided to processor 2140, which parses each frame. The processor 2140 performs the inverse of the processing performed by the processor 2190 in the UE 2150. The data and control signals carried by the successfully decoded frames can then be provided to a data sink 2139. If some of the frames were not successfully decoded by the receiving processor, the controller / processor 2140 may also use an acknowledgment (ACK) and / or negative acknowledgment (NACK) protocol to support requests for retransmission for those frames.

The controllers / processors 2140 and 2190 can be used to direct, respectively, the operation on the Node B 2110 and the UE 2150. For example, the controllers / processors 2140 and 2190 can provide various functions, including timing, peripheral interfaces , voltage regulation, power management and other control functions. The computer-readable media in memories 2142 and 2192 can store data and software, respectively, for Node B 2110 and UE 2150.

Various aspects of a telecommunications system have been presented with reference to a WCDMA system. As those skilled in the art will readily appreciate, various aspects described throughout this disclosure can be extended to other telecommunication systems, network architectures, and communication standards.

By way of example, various aspects can be extended to other UMTS systems, such as TD-SCDMA and TD-CDMA. Various aspects can also be extended to systems that use Long-Term Evolution (LTE) (in FDD, TDD or both modalities), LTE-Advanced (LTE-A) (in FDD, TDD or both modalities), CDMA2000, Evolution-Optimized Data (EV-DO), Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Ultra Wide Band (UWB), Bluetooth and / u other suitable systems. The telecommunication standard, network architecture and / or communication standard actually employed will depend on the specific application and overall design constraints imposed on the system.

The foregoing description is provided to enable any person skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be immediately apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein can be applied to other aspects. Therefore, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects set forth herein, but are to be accorded the full scope consistent with the language of the claims, in which reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “One and only one”, unless specifically stated, but rather “one or more”. Unless specifically stated otherwise, the term "any" refers to one or more. A phrase that refers to "at least one of" a list of items refers to any combination of those items, including individual members. As an example, "at least one of: a, b or c" is intended to encompass: a; b; c; a and b; a and c; b and c; ya, b and c. All structural and functional equivalents for the elements of the various aspects described throughout the length of this disclosure, which are known, or will later become known, to those of ordinary skill in the art, are expressly incorporated herein. by reference and are intended to be encompassed by the claims. Furthermore, nothing disclosed herein is intended to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether or not such disclosure is explicitly referred to in the claims.

In the following, additional examples are described to facilitate understanding of the invention:

1. A wireless communication procedure, comprising:

receiving (802) a primary scheduling grant (508) comprising a first traffic to pilot power ratio (704);

transmit (808) a primary stream (610) comprising a first data channel (624) and a first pilot channel (622), wherein a ratio between a power (706) of the first data channel (624) and a power (702) of the first pilot channel (622) corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (704); and transmitting (810) a secondary stream (612) comprising a second data channel (620), wherein a ratio between a power (708) of the second data channel (620) and an unamplified power (702) of a Second pilot channel (618) corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (704), where the primary stream (610) and the secondary stream (612) are on the same carrier.

two. The method of Example 1, wherein the transmission (810) of the secondary stream (612) comprises transmitting the second pilot channel (618) at an amplified power (710) relative to the unamplified power (702).

3. The procedure of Example 1, which further comprises:

ES 2 597 985 T3 receiving (804) a secondary scheduling grant (508) comprising a second ratio between traffic and pilot power;

determining (856) a first packet size to be used in a transmission on the primary stream (610) according to the first ratio of traffic to pilot power (704); and determining (858) a second packet size to be used in a transmission on the secondary stream (612) according to the second ratio of traffic to pilot power.

Four. The procedure of Example 3, in which the power (708) of the second data channel (620) is independent of the second ratio between traffic and pilot power.

5. The procedure of Example 3, further comprising:

scaling (860) the power assigned to the primary flow (610) and the power assigned to the secondary flow (612) according to a power clearance limit;

scaling (862) the first packet size according to the power scaling; and determining (864) a second scaled packet size to be used in a transmission on the secondary stream (612) according to the scaled power.

6. The method of Example 5, wherein determining (864) the second scaled packet size comprises looking up a value for the second scaled packet size, in a look-up table, corresponding to a scaled constant used for power scaling.

7. The procedure of Example 1, in which an amplified power (710) of the second pilot channel (618) is offset from the power (702) of the first pilot channel (622), according to a received offset value.

8. The method of Example 7, in which the transmission of the secondary stream (612) comprises transmitting the second pilot channel (618) with the amplified power (710).

9. The procedure of Example 8, in which the amplified power (710) of the second pilot channel (618) is offset from the power (708) of the second data channel (620).

10. The procedure of Example 1, in which the unamplified power of the second pilot channel (618) is equal to the power of the first pilot channel (622), so that the power (706) of the first data channel (624) and the power (708) of the second data channel (620) are equal to each other.

eleven. An apparatus for wireless communication, comprising:

means (504) for receiving a primary scheduling grant (508) comprising a first traffic to pilot power ratio (704);

means (606) for transmitting a primary stream (610) comprising a first data channel (624) and a first pilot channel (622), wherein a ratio between a power (706) of the first data channel (624) and a power (702) of the first pilot channel (622) corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (704); and means (608) for transmitting a secondary stream (612) comprising a second data channel (620), wherein a ratio between a power (708) of the second data channel (620) and an unamplified power (702) of a second pilot channel (618) corresponds to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (704), where the primary stream (610) and the secondary stream (612) are on the same carrier.

12. The apparatus of Example 11, wherein the means for transmitting the secondary stream (612) comprises means (608) for transmitting the second pilot channel (618) with an amplified power (710) relative to the unamplified power (702) .

13. The apparatus of Example 11, further comprising:

means (504) for receiving a secondary scheduling grant (508) comprising a second traffic to pilot power ratio;

means (504) for determining a first packet size to use in a transmission on the primary stream

ES 2 597 985 T3 (610) according to the first ratio between traffic and pilot power (704); and means (504) for determining a second packet size to be used in a transmission on the secondary stream (612) according to the second ratio of traffic to pilot power.

14. The apparatus of Example 13, in which the power 708 of the second data channel 620 is independent of the second ratio of traffic to pilot power.

fifteen. The apparatus of Example 13, further comprising:

means (504) for scaling the power assigned to the primary flow (610) and the power assigned to the secondary flow (612) according to a power clearance limit;

means (504) for scaling the first packet size according to the power scaling; ^Y means (504) for determining a second scaled packet size to be used in a transmission on the secondary stream (612) according to the scaled power.