System and method for preparing a predetermined quantity of beverage

A system, a method and a capsule to prepare a predetermined amount of drink

Field of the invention 5

The invention relates to a system for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using a removable product, comprising:

 at least one disposable capsule; 10

 an apparatus comprising a fluid dispensing device for supplying an amount of the fluid, such as water, to the at least one disposable capsule, a receptacle for accommodating the at least one disposable capsule, and an arrangement of outlets for supplying the beverage to a container, such as a cup, where

 the at least one disposable capsule comprises a chamber for enclosing an interior space comprising the removable product, wherein the chamber comprises:

i. an entrance area that allows the passage of the fluid into the interior space to interact with the removable product to prepare the beverage;

ii. an exit area to drive at least a portion of the beverage away from the capsule; where

 the system is also available for:

i. placing the dispensing device in fluid communication with the inlet area to supply the fluid;

ii. allow the outlet area to be positioned in fluid communication with the array of outputs. 25

The invention further relates to a capsule of a system as set forth in the foregoing. In particular, according to one aspect of the invention, a capsule refers to a substantially tightly sealed capsule which comprises a chamber for enclosing an interior space comprising the removable product, wherein the chamber comprises:

i. an entrance area that allows the passage of the fluid into the interior space to interact with the removable product to prepare the beverage;

ii. an exit area to drive at least a portion of the drink away from the capsule.

The invention further relates to the use of the capsule in the system as set forth in the foregoing.

The invention further relates to a method for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using a removable product in a system, comprising:

 at least one disposable capsule;

 an apparatus comprising a fluid dispensing device for supplying an amount of the fluid, such as water, to the at least one disposable capsule, a receptacle for accommodating the at least one disposable capsule, and an arrangement of outlets for supplying the beverage to a container, such as a cup, where

 the at least one disposable capsule is provided with a chamber to enclose an interior space comprising the removable product, wherein the chamber is provided with:

i. an entrance area that allows the passage of the fluid into the interior space to interact with the removable product to prepare the beverage;

ii. an exit area to drive at least a portion of the beverage away from the capsule; where 50

 the system is also available for:

iii. placing the dispensing device in fluid communication with the inlet area to supply the fluid; 55

iv. allow the outlet area to be positioned in fluid communication with the array of outputs.

The invention further relates to a method for manufacturing a disposable capsule for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using a removable product, the method comprising

 forming the disposable capsule with a chamber to enclose an interior space comprising the removable product, where the chamber is provided with:

i. an entrance area that allows the passage of a fluid into the interior space to interact with the removable product to prepare the beverage;

ii. an exit area to drive at least a portion of the drink away from the capsule.

Background 5

Hermetically sealed capsules comprising, for example, ground coffee, for placement in a coffee dispensing apparatus are known per se. During the preparation of the coffee, the inlet area of ​​such a sealed capsule is perforated, so that the inlet openings are provided to supply fluid under pressure to the ground coffee in the interior space of the capsule. This in turn causes the pressure in the inner space 10 of the capsule to be increased, so that an outlet area of ​​the capsule is pressed against the lid piercing means that is present in the apparatus. When sufficient pressure is applied, the outlet area will break against the lid piercing means creating the outlet openings through which the coffee beverage can be drained from the capsule through an outlet present in the apparatus. During use, the outlet is in fluid communication with the outlet area of ​​the receptacle so that the coffee beverage can flow through the outlet. It will be appreciated that the 15 known capsules comprise a single chamber arrangement, whose walls form the exterior of the capsule.

It has been found that in a system as explained above, preferred fluid paths can flow through the removable product into the capsule, for example from the at least one inlet opening to the at least one outlet opening, which can lead to the unwanted resistance of the prepared beverage and / or variations in the resistance of the prepared beverage, from one capsule to another. In addition, since the outlet openings are formed by pressure of a fluid, the number, position and / or size of the outlet openings are formed by chance.

Summary of the invention

It is therefore one of the objectives of the invention to provide an alternative system, capsule and method.

For this purpose, the system according to the invention is characterized according to claim 1. The capsule comprises a movable body designed to interact with the entrance area and the exit area to interrupt the entrance area and the exit area. allowing the fluid to pass through the chamber. It will be appreciated that the term 'body' can be interpreted as a suitable actuator comprising one, two or more parts designed to interact properly during use. It will also be appreciated that the capsule according to the invention is sealed tightly. This feature should be interpreted as an enclosure that allows the removable or soluble product to remain substantially intact, so that the enclosure is fluid and / or air tight. This feature may allow the preservation of flavor or extraction capacity for a long relative period before use.

This technical measurement is based on the perception that by equipping the capsule with a movable body, it is possible to properly create one or more predetermined outlet openings, where the spatial distribution of time along a surface can be optimized of the capsule and the dimension of the openings. It will be appreciated that the movable body is preferably arranged at least partially within the chamber, where the product is accommodated.

It will be appreciated that the term 'chamber' should be understood as a barrier of material that prevents the penetration of unwanted molecules present or possibly present in the environment in the interior space of the capsule. Preferably, the material barrier is formed to avoid gases, dampness and vapors that penetrate into the interior space. As a result, suitable selected qualities of the removable product enclosed in the chamber do not deteriorate and / or are preserved preventing them from experiencing undesirable chemical reactions with the surrounding chemical species. Particularly, oxidation of coffee can be avoided by substantially retaining its original taste, which can result in an improved quality of the beverage. fifty

It will also be appreciated that the removable product is not limited to coffee, since any type of solid, liquid, powdered material can be used to prepare the beverage. For example, the capsule may comprise a concentrate, in the form of solid, liquid or powder. Alternatively, or additionally, the capsule may comprise milk powder, chocolate powder, soup powder, etc. It is also possible for the capsule to comprise an adequate number of compartments 55 that accommodate an adequate number of constituents of the conceived beverage, which intermingle after interaction with the fluid.

It will also be appreciated that the terms "exit area" and "entry area" indicate the respective functional regions, for example on the surface of the capsule or in its internal volume, which may not be noticeable to the naked eye. This may be possible when the capsules are formed allowing the accommodation in the receptacle in a single way. Alternatively, the 'exit area' and / or the 'entry area' can be properly marked on the capsule to allow proper positioning of the same in the system. This has a particular advantage when the capsule is formed by allowing a degree of freedom orientation in the accommodation receptacle, for example, when the capsule has a degree of freedom rotation, for example, when the capsule is spherical, cylindrical or the like. . It will be appreciated that the disposable capsule can be marked in a package comprising a number of 65

disposable capsules, where the optimization of stacking in the package can lead to a desired three-dimensional shape of the capsule that allows for the indeterminacy of orientation in the receptacle. It can be particularly advantageous for such identification of the capsules of the 'exit area' and the 'entrance area'.

It will also be appreciated that the arrangement of outlets may comprise a suitable manifold and a conduit for guiding the beverage in the container. However, it is also possible that the array of outputs is integrated with the receptacle and has no specific collector or conduit.

It will also be appreciated that the term "removable product" also encompasses substances that are soluble, or are used to form suitable colloids, such as instant coffee and soup-mash. 10

It should be noted that WO2008 / 132571 describes an apparatus in which the capsule comprises an entrance area and an exit area and a chamber that encloses an interior space comprising a removable product. The capsule further comprises a movable body designed to interact with the outlet area to interrupt the outlet area thereby allowing fluid to pass through the chamber. fifteen

In one embodiment of the system according to the invention, the capsule is substantially cylindrical in shape, comprising a circumferential wall, a bottom, and a lid.

It will be appreciated that the camera does not have to be a compartment accessible from the outside. It is possible that, for example, the chamber is intercalated between one or more additional functional layers of the capsule, which may, for example, be cylindrical or cone-shaped.

It may be advantageous to maximize a surface area of ​​the outlet area, forming the disposable capsule, such as a ball, or, alternatively, as a truncated cone or a pyramid. In these illustrative embodiments, the surface area of ​​a base portion of a resulting three-dimensional object is increased by improving the drainage of the capsule. When the disposable capsule is shaped like a ball, a fluid path between the inlet area and the outlet area is minimized, which can decrease a possibility of occurrence of the preferential paths of the fluid in the capsule. When the disposable capsule is formed as a truncated cone or a pyramid, the fluid, which enters the capsule substantially from a vertex of the cone or the pyramid can have a shower effect, substantially decreasing a possibility of occurrence of the preferential trajectories of the fluid in the capsule.

Additionally, a combination of the possibilities of the anterior conformation of the capsule together with the functionality of the opening using the movable body can decrease a minimum necessary pressure of sufficient fluid to prepare the beverage. This has the effect of reducing the energy consumption of the system according to the invention, with respect to the known system of the subject.

In a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the exit area can be provided at or near the chamber cover, where the entrance area can be provided at or near the bottom of the chamber. 40 Such a configuration may have an advantage over the ease of manufacturing the capsule. For example, when the chamber has a cube shape, the lower part of the cube can be used to supply the fluid, where the upper portion of the cube can be coated by a lid, where the lid material can have a mechanical strength. inherently different from the material used for at least the walls of the cube shape. Such an arrangement can also be advantageous when the capsule is conceived to grip laterally during use. Four. Five

In one embodiment of the system according to the invention, the movable body comprises an external actuator designed to cooperate with an inner body, the inner body that is disposed in the chamber, preferably in contact with the input and / or output area.

50 It is found that it is advantageous to provide a programmed arrangement, where an inner body is positioned in the chamber ready to be properly moved to provide a number of predetermined openings in the exit area. It will be appreciated that such inner body can be substantially solid or hollow. It can, for example, comprise a terminal portion having a macroscopic cross section. Alternatively, the inner body may comprise one or more projections having a microscopic cross section, for example, approximately or less than 1 mm2.

It is possible that the protuberances provided in the inner body are oriented towards the entrance area and the exit area. As a result, both the entrance and the exit area will be provided with openings after coupling with the inner body. Preferably, the inner body is operated by an external actuator, which can be transportable between an extended state and an oppressed state. For example, the capsule may comprise an internal chamber, which may comprise the exit area and / or input area made of a material, which is mechanically weaker than the material or materials in general of the capsule. Preferably, the chamber is protected from the environment, for example, the chamber can be sandwiched between two or more layers of a material. It will be appreciated that the layers

of the material can be provided for an additional functional purpose. For example, such layers of material can act as input or output filters.

It is found that it is advantageous to filter the fluid and / or the drink before allowing it to enter, respectively, to drain from the capsule. For example, it may be desirable to provide a beverage substantially without particles of the removable product. By placing a suitable filter that cooperates with the output area a desired filtering effect can be achieved. It will be appreciated that a selection of a type and properties of a filter material is within an ordinary skill of the artisan. Preferably, the filter is arranged to differentiate between the coarse and fine particles of the removable product, which allows the use of mixtures of grains of multiple sizes in the capsule, which may decrease the related production costs for disposable capsules comprising such mixtures. 10

For example, the external actuator can be supported by deformable aluminum foil strips or the like that can be bistable. As a result, accidental coupling between the external activation device and the capsule is avoided. Additionally, due to bistability, the actuator is designed to remain in the depressed state after interaction with the movable body. Such an arrangement has an advantage that the actuator does not disengage 15 from the capsule which leads to spillage of the product when an open capsule is handled.

In still a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the external actuator comprises protrusions to interrupt the input area or the output area.

20 It may be advantageous to provide the inner body without protuberances or with protuberances only directly towards the entrance area. This feature is based on the perception that the capsule chamber could be fully equipped with a suitable product, where even at rest the exit area and the entrance area are conditioned under mechanical stress. In order to reduce the possibility of undesirable damage to the chamber during handling, the inner body is preferably positioned near the exit area and the entrance area some distance from them. It may even be possible for the inner body to be positioned in contact with the exit area and the entrance area, however, the controlled opening of the exit area and the entrance area is provided only after the inner body moves through the external actuator

The external actuator is arranged to interact with the outlet area, to provide controlled openings in the capsule to drain the initiated beverage. When the external actuator comprises protrusions, it can be placed to controlfully interrupt a material from the exit area and in doing so cause the inner body to protrude further into the chamber to interrupt the input area. It will be appreciated that the external actuator can be arranged either to provide openings to supply fluid from the dispensing device to the chamber, or to provide openings to drain the chamber. This modality will be described in more detail with reference to Figure 2. 35

In still a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the receptacle of the dispensing device is sized to reject the capsule arrangement with the external actuator extended.

It is found that it is advantageous to provide a system where only capsules with pre-opened chambers 40 are excepted thereby avoiding sharp components in the apparatus. This can be advantageous, for example, for the elderly population, or for subjects with motor disorders. Preferably, the external actuator is manually pressed immediately before the use of the capsule. Such manual manipulation can be advantageous to provide an independent source of integrity control of the camera, since a characteristic sound can be generated when opening the camera to signal that the camera was intact. Such a feature has an advantage that the use of damaged capsules to prepare drinks is avoided.

In still a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the inner body comprises a conduit provided with the lateral openings for distributing the fluid in the chamber.

50 It is found that it is advantageous to use the inner body as a supplementary conduit and distributor of the fluid in the chamber. As a result, the creation of adverse preferential fluid trajectories in the chamber is further counteracted.

In a further embodiment of the system according to the invention the movable body is chemically inert with respect to the removable product and / or fluid and / or drink.

It is found that it is advantageous to select a material so that the movable body is substantially chemically inert with respect to the substance of the removable product. It will be appreciated that the term 'chemically inert' should be interpreted as the inability to undergo a chemical reaction with the extractable product and / or the fluid and / or the beverage 60 to form a chemical. It will be appreciated that the beverage may have different chemical properties of either the removable product or the fluid. Particularly, the material of the movable body is chemically inert at elevated temperatures, for example, in the range of 90-100 ° C. This feature may be of particular importance for public safety.

In still a further embodiment of the system according to the invention, the movable body is at least partially soluble in the fluid and / or the beverage. For example, the movable body can be formed at least partially from a taste modifier and / or a taste enhancer.

5 It may be advantageous to use the fact that the movable body is present in the direct proximity of the removable product. For example, the movable body can be prepared from a consumable substance, such as sugar or a taste improver or a taste modifier. Additionally, the movable body can be prepared from a solidified liquid concentrate, or the like. As a result, the movable body that has the material barrier interrupted can be dissolved by providing a desired additional taste, flavor or other supplementary property to otherwise prepare the beverage. It may also be possible for the movable body to be formed from a substance designed to alter a pH value of the fluid, for example water. This can be particularly advantageous in areas where the tap water has inferior properties with respect to the beverage preparation therewith.

The capsule according to the invention refers to a capsule of the system as described above. In particular, the capsule according to the invention comprises a movable body designed to interact with the inlet area and the outlet area to interrupt the inlet area and the outlet area thereby allowing fluid to pass through The chamber, wherein the capsule comprises an external actuator arranged to interact with the outlet area, to provide controlled openings in the capsule to drain the beverage. Preferably, the capsule is manufactured from a biodegradable material. twenty

A method of preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using a removable product in a system, according to the invention, comprises:

 actuate the external actuator of the capsule to cause it to interact with the outlet area to allow fluid to pass through the chamber.

The method of manufacturing a disposable capsule according to the invention comprises:

 provide at least a portion of a movable body in the capsule to cause, during use, this to interact with the chamber to interrupt the outlet area and the inlet area to allow fluid to pass through the chamber;

 fill the inner space of the disposable capsule with the removable product

 provide the capsule with an external actuator arranged to interact with the outlet area, to provide controlled openings in the capsule to drain the beverage. 35

These and other aspects of the invention will be described in more detail with reference to the drawings, where similar reference numbers refer to similar elements. It will be appreciated that the drawings are presented for illustrative purposes and cannot be used to limit the scope of the appended claims.

Brief description of the figures

Figs. 1a-c schematically show a prior art system for preparing a beverage in the cross-sectional front view;

Figure 2 schematically shows an embodiment of a disposable capsule according to an aspect of the invention;

Figure 3 schematically shows the disposable capsule of Figure 2 accommodated in a receptacle of the system according to the invention.

Detailed description of the drawings 50

Figs. 1a-1c show a prior art system 101 for preparing a predetermined amount of beverage suitable for consumption using a removable product. The system 101 comprises an exchangeable capsule 102, and an apparatus 104. The apparatus 104 comprises a receptacle 106 for holding the exchangeable capsule 102. In Figs. 1a-1c is a space between the capsule 102 and the receptacle 106 for clarity. It will be appreciated that, during use, the capsule 102 may be in contact with the receptacle 106. Commonly, the receptacle 106 has a shape complementary to the shape of the capsule 102. The apparatus 104 further comprises a fluid dispensing device 108 for supplying an amount of a fluid, such as water, under a pressure, for example 9 bars, to the exchangeable capsule 102. In addition, an outlet apparatus 109 can be provided to provide fluid from the capsule 102 to a container such as a cup. 60

In the system 101 shown in Figs. 1a-1c; The interchangeable capsule 102 comprises a circumferential wall 110, a bottom 112 that closes the circumferential wall 110 at a first end 114, and a cover 116 that closes the circumferential wall 110 at a second end 118 opposite the bottom 112. The wall circumferential 110, the lower part 112 and the cover 116 enclose an interior space 120 comprising the removable product (not shown). 65

The system 101 of Figs. 1a-1c comprises the lower drilling means 122 intended to pierce the capsule 102. Fig. 1a shows the lower drilling means 122 in a retracted position. Fig. 1b shows the lower drilling means 122 in an extended position to create an inlet opening 124 in the lower portion 112 to deliver the fluid to the removable product 20 through the inlet opening 124. In Figs. 1a-1c the perforation means 122 comprises a hole 126 through which the fluid can be supplied to the removable product 20 contained in the interior space 120. The system 101 of Figs. 1a-1c further comprises the lid piercing means 128, here incorporated as protuberances, intended to pierce the lid 116 of the capsule 102. In the embodiment shown, the lid piercing means 128 may be part of the arrangement of outlets 109.

10 The system 101 shown in Figs. a-1c is operated as follows to prepare a cup of coffee, where the removable product is roasted and ground coffee.

Capsule 102 is placed in receptacle 106 (see Fig. 1a). The lower drilling means are activated to pierce the lower part 112 of the capsule 102 (see Fig. 1b) to create the inlet opening 124. The fluid, here hot water 15 under pressure, is supplied to the removable product in the space inside 120 through the inlet opening 124. The water will moisten the ground coffee and extract the desired substances to form the coffee beverage.

During the supply of the water under pressure to the interior space 120, the pressure inside the capsule 102 will increase. The increase in pressure will cause the lid 116 to deform and be pressed against the lid drilling means 128. Once the pressure reaches a certain level, the tear strength of the lid 116 will be overcome and the lid will break against the lid piercing means 128, creating the outlet openings 130 (see Fig. 1c). The brewed coffee will drain from the capsule 102 through the outlet openings 130 and the outlets 132 of the outlet arrangement 109, and can be supplied to a container such as a cup (not shown).

25 During the preparation of the beverage in the system 101 shown in Figs. 1a-1c there may be preferential flow paths in the removable product within the interior space 120 of the capsule 102. These preferential paths may extend from the inlet opening 124 to the outlet openings 130. One of such a possible preferential path is indicated by the PP line in Fig. 1c.

Figure 2 schematically presents an embodiment of a disposable capsule according to an aspect of the invention. View A schematically presents a cross section of the disposable capsule 20 and a corresponding isometric view thereof, so that view B schematically presents a cross section and a corresponding isometric view of the capsule 20a immediately before use.

With reference to view A, the disposable capsule 20 comprises a chamber 22 designed to accommodate a suitable product (not shown) to prepare a beverage. Chamber 22 is limited by structures 22a, 22b, 22c and 22d, some of which may refer to the outer surfaces of the capsule, while the others may refer to the inner surfaces of the capsule. For example, limits 22a, 22c may refer to an outer wall of the capsule, while limits 22b, 22d may refer to supplementary metal sheets, membranes, tissues or the like. For example, structures 22b, 22d may refer to an output filter and an input filter, respectively. The capsule may comprise additional outer structures 24, 23 that may refer to suitable protective layers, which may be implemented of a more rigid and mechanically stronger material, than the material used for articles 22b, 22d.

According to the invention, the chamber is provided with a movable body 25, 26 designed to provide inlet and outlet openings in a controlled manner. The movable body according to one aspect of the invention comprises two cooperating parts - an external actuator 25 and an inner body 26, the latter being accommodated in the chamber 22. Preferably, the inner body is sized to substantially match a chamber dimension in a direction of a fluid flow. fifty

According to the invention different ways of providing input and output openings are provided. First, the inner body 26 can be constructed as an object having a substantial outer cross-section, see the terminal area 26a of the inner body 26. The terminal area 26a can be substantially flat. This can be advantageous to prevent accidental damage of the chamber 22 during simple manipulation of the capsule, which is not linked to a particular interruption of the layer 22b. When a portion of the inner body 26a is flat and covers a substantial area, which is an area comparable to a surface area of ​​the exit area, for example, the external actuator 25 can be formed with the projections 28 that are designed to cooperate with the area 26a to pierce the exit area 22b. The terminal portion 26a acts in this case as a support structure for the actuator 25 to allow controlled drilling. 60

Second, the terminal portion 26a of the inner body may comprise the projections 27. It will be appreciated that the projections can be provided as isolated articles that are executed for a substantial distance from a base 26a. Alternatively, the projections can be microscopic bulges of a massive base, see the

Figure 3. When the inner body 26 is pushed by the external actuator 25, it moves towards the input area 22d which is interrupted in a controlled manner.

Third, it is possible that the inner body 26 comprises projections or protuberances both on its outer surfaces facing the exit area 22b and the entrance area 22d. In this case, the external actuator 5 25 can be provided with protuberances, or it can be substantially flat, when a controlled interruption of the output area 22b is performed by the protuberances of the inner body. The external actuator 25 must be provided with the protrusions 28, the protuberances 28 preferably move relative to equivalent protuberances of the inner body 26.

10 It may be advantageous to form the flat inner body 26 in one of its terminal areas. For example, the inner body 26 can be supported by its flat terminal area on the outlet area 22b after storage. The provided inner body is a lightweight member and the provided surface area of ​​the inner body is substantially large, such an arrangement may represent a secure arrangement of "parking"; It has a minimal risk of accidental damage to the camera during storage. fifteen

The view B schematically represents a cross section of a disposable capsule 20a after an event in which the external actuator has been pressed against the inner body 26. As a result, the protrusions of the inner body 27 interrupt the inlet area 22d ', the output area 22b 'which is interrupted by the protrusions of the external actuator. twenty

It may be preferable that the external actuator is mobilely coupled to the capsule, wherein a coupling member, for example the bridges 29a, 29b are implemented as a bistable structure, which has a stable first position for an extended state (shown in view A) and a second stable position for an oppressed state (see view B). As a result the chamber 22 is capable of allowing a suitable fluid through its internal volume, as schematically shown by F1, F2. It will be appreciated that the term fluid may refer to at least the fluid used to prepare the beverage as well as the beverage.

It will be appreciated that the inner body 26 can be sized to interrupt only one wall of the inner chamber, as schematically shown in the right portion of the view B. This may be advantageous, when it is preferred that one or more terminal exit areas of the structures remain intact. For example, an outer surface of the capsule 30 can be formed as a filter area 30a, which should not be interrupted or otherwise deformed when opening the chamber. In the case when the filter 30a corresponds to an outer surface of the capsule, the filter area can be protected by a detachable sheet of metal (not shown).

35 It will also be appreciated that the external actuator 31 can be provided with an adequate number of openings 32 to allow a fluid inlet flow or a fluid outflow of the beverage from the chamber. In the case when the chamber is designed to be filled with a fluid under pressure, it may be preferable to place a receptacle of the system apparatus according to the invention to keep the capsule with the actuator depressed. For example, the receptacle can be shaped to substantially adjust the capsule provided with an oppressed actuator. 40

Figure 3 schematically shows the disposable capsule of Figure 2 accommodated in a receptacle of the system according to the invention. The disposable capsule 40 may comprise similar items such as those described with reference to Figure 2. However, in this illustrative embodiment, the inner body 46, placed in the chamber 22, is provided with a conduit 45 having side openings 47. The fluid stream F1 entering the capsule 40 can be distributed in the inner space of the chamber 22 by means of radial flows F3 emerging from the body 46. Accordingly, the characteristic creation of the preferential paths in the chamber is counteracted. interior space.

The inner body 46 may comprise the flat terminal portions 41, 42, in which case the creation of macroscopic inlet openings can be enabled. Alternatively one or both terminal portions 41, 42 may be provided with the appropriate projections to provide a desired network of openings.

It will be appreciated that while the specific embodiments of the invention have been described above, the invention may be practiced in a manner other than as described. Additionally, the 55 isolated features described can be combined with reference to the different figures.