Cartridge with fuel supply and membrane electrode assembly stack

Cartridge with fuel dispenser and stacking membrane electrode units

Field of the Invention

This invention relates in general to fuel cell systems and more specifically to fuel systems in which fuel cells and fuel cartridges are used and, to be even more precise, this invention relates to the incorporation of an electrode unit from membrane to fuel cartridge.

Background of the invention

Fuel cells are devices that directly convert the chemical energy of reagents, that is, fuel and oxidant into direct current (dc) electricity. For a growing number of applications, fuel cells are more efficient than conventional electricity generation, such as combustion of fossil fuels and more efficient than portable energy accumulators such as lithium-ion batteries.

In general, fuel cell technologies comprise a range of different fuel cells such as alkaline fuel cells, polymer electrolyte fuel cells, phosphoric acid fuel cells, molten carbonate fuel cells, fuel cell batteries. Solid oxide fuel and enzymatic fuel cells. Some fuel cells use compressed hydrogen (H2) as fuel. Compressed hydrogen is generally kept under high pressure and therefore difficult to handle. In addition, large storage tanks are typically required and cannot be made small enough for consumer electronics devices. Proton exchange (PEM) fuel cells use methanol (CH3OH), boron-sodium hydride (NaBH4), hydrocarbons (such as butane) and other fuels converted to hydrogen fuel. Conventional conversion fuel cells need converters and other vaporization and auxiliary systems to convert the fuel into hydrogen that reacts with the oxidant in the fuel cell. Recent developments make converter or conversion fuel cells promising for consumer electronics devices. Other fuel cells use methanol fuel (CH3OH) directly (direct methanol fuel cells or DMFC). DMFCs, in which methanol reacts directly with the oxidant in the fuel cell, is the simplest and potentially smaller fuel cell and also has a promising application for the power supply of consumer electronics devices. Solid oxide fuel cells (SOFCs) convert hydrocarbon fuels, such as butane, with a lot of heat, to produce electricity. SOFCs need a comparatively high temperature, of the order of 1000 ° C, for the reaction of the fuel cell.

The chemical reactions that produce electricity are different for each type of fuel cell. For DMFCs the electrochemical reaction at each electrode and the overall reaction of the direct methanol fuel cell itself are expressed as follows:

Semi-reaction at the anode:

CH3OH + H2O CO2 + 6H + + 6e-

Semi-reaction in the cathode:

1,5O2 + 6H ++ 6e- 3H2O

Global fuel cell reaction:

Ch3OH + 1,5O2 CO2 + 2H2O

Due to the migration of hydrogen ions (H +) through the PEM from the anode to the cathode and due to the inability of the free electrons (e-) to pass through the PEM the electrons are forced to circulate through a circuit external thus producing an electric current through said external circuit. The external circuit can be used to power many useful consumer electronics devices such as mobile or cell phones, calculators, personal digital assistants, laptops and power tools among others.

The DMFC is described in United States patent documents number 5992008 and number 5945231. Generally, the PEM consists of a polymer, such as Nafion® from DuPont which is a material

perfluorinated having a thickness in the range between about 0.05 mm and 0.50 mm, or other suitable membranes. The anode is typically made of a base of tefloned carbon paper with a thin layer of catalyst such as platinum-ruthenium deposited on it. The cathode is typically a gas diffusion electrode to which platinum particles are attached on one side of the membrane.

Another fuel cell reaction for a boron-sodium hydride converter fuel cell is as follows:

NaBH4 (aqueous) + 2H2O (heat or catalyst) 4H2 + NaBO2 (aqueous)

Semi-reaction at the anode:

H2 2H ++ 2e-

Semi-reaction in the cathode:

two (2H ++ 2e-) + O2 2H2O

Suitable catalysts for this reaction are, among others, platinum, ruthenium and other metals. The hydrogen fuel produced from the conversion of boron-sodium hydride is reacted in the fuel cell with an oxidant, such as oxygen, O2 to produce electricity (or a flow of electrons) and water is formed as an additional product. In the conversion process, sodium borate (NaBO2) is also produced as an additional product. A boron-sodium hydride fuel cell is described in the published US patent application document No. 2003/0082427.

One of the most important features for the application of fuel cells is the storage of fuel. The fuel dispenser also has to be easy to insert into the fuel cell or electronic device that feeds said fuel cell. Additionally, the fuel dispenser must also be easy to replace and refill.

US Patent Publication Document No. 2003/0082427 describes a fuel cartridge in which the boron-sodium hydride fuel is converted into the cartridge forming hydrogen and an additional product. However, the prior art does not disclose a fuel dispenser that allows an "in situ" production of the fuel or that contains reagents that can be stored without corrosion and low cost or fuel dispensers with the advantages and characteristics. described below.

Typically, the MEA is located inside the fuel cell that is inside the consumer electronics devices. United States published patent applications No. 2003/0082416 and 2003/0082426 and international patent application No. WO 02/099916 disclose these devices. In these devices the fuel dispenser can be removed and stored in a cartridge. The life of the MEA is usually limited by the life of the PEM. The performance of the PEM depends on several factors such as the fuel flow, the concentration of metal ions of the fuel, the temperature of the fuel and the ambient or stacking temperature. When the performance of the PEM is at a sufficiently low level the PEM has to be replaced or renewed. Frequent maintenance of PEM is not desirable since it involves maintaining the electronic device.

There is a need for a fuel cell system that allows maintenance or repair of the PEM without having to maintain the electronic device.

Compendium of the invention

The present invention relates to a fuel cell system comprising an electronic device having a housing that defines a chamber for a fuel cartridge and a fuel cartridge that can be housed in and removed from the fuel cartridge chamber. The fuel cartridge comprises at least one membrane electrode unit or a stack of them and a fuel tank containing fuel. The fuel is driven to the membrane electrode unit for conversion into electricity that feeds the electronic device. The electronic device may have a controller that controls the functionalities of the electronic device and the fuel cartridge and the auxiliary systems are, at least a few of them, within the electronic device.

The present invention also relates to a fuel cell cartridge adapted for insertion into an electronic device to provide electricity to the electronic device. The fuel cell cartridge has a membrane electrode unit or a stack and a fuel tank that contains fuel. The fuel is reacted in the membrane electrode unit to produce electricity.

Brief description of the drawings

In the attached drawings that are part of the specification and that have to be interpreted together with it the same reference numbers are used for the same elements in the different views.

Figure 1 is a schematic view of a fuel cell system of the present invention comprising a fuel cartridge with a fuel tank and an MEA or stacking the fuel cartridge being interconnected with the electronic device for joint operation.

Figure 2 is an exploded schematic view of the fuel cell system of Figure 1 in which the fuel cartridge has been removed from the electronic device.

Figure 3 is a schematic view of an alternative fuel cell system of the present invention in which the fuel cartridge is outside the electronic device.

Figure 4 is a schematic view of another alternative fuel cell system of the present invention in which the fuel cartridge is outside of two electronic devices.

Figure 5 is a schematic view of a fuel cell cartridge of the present invention.

Detailed description of the preferred embodiments

As illustrated in the accompanying drawings and explained in detail below, the present invention relates to a fuel cell system that uses fuels for fuel cells, such as methanol and water, a mixture of methanol-water, mixtures of methanol- water of different concentrations or pure methanol. Methanol can be used in many types of fuel cells, for example, in DMFCs, enzymatic fuel cells, conversion fuel cells and others. The fuel cell system may comprise other types of fuel for fuel cells, such as ethanol or alcohols, chemicals that can be converted to hydrogen, or other chemicals that can improve the performance or performance of fuel cells. The fuels can also be, among others, potassium hydroxide electrolyte (KOH), which can be used for metal or alkaline fuel cells, and which can be stored in fuel pumps. For metal fuel cells, the fuel consists of suspended zinc particles immersed in an electrolytic reaction solution of KOH and the anodes of the cell cavities are anodes of zinc particles. The KOH electrolyte solution is disclosed in United States Patent Application No. 2003/0077493 entitled "Method of Using Fuel Cell System Configured to Provide Power to One or more Loads" published April 24, 2003. Fuels can also be, inter alia, a mixture of methanol, hydrogen peroxide and sulfuric acid that flows through a catalyst formed into silicon tablets to trigger the reaction of the fuel cell. The fuels can also be, among others, aqueous boron-sodium hydride (NABH4) and water as discussed above. The fuels can also be, among others, hydrocarbon fuels including butane, kerosene, alcohol and natural gas among others and which are disclosed in the published US patent application No. 2003/0096150 of title "Liquid Heterointerface Fuel Cell Device ”published on May 22, 2003. Butane is a suitable fuel for solid oxide fuel cells. Fuels can also be, among others, liquid oxidants that react with fuels. The present invention is therefore not limited to any of these types of fuel, electrolytic solutions, oxidizing or liquid or solid solutions contained in the dispenser or used in the fuel cell system. The term "fuel" as used herein encompasses all fuels that can be reacted in fuel cells or the fuel pump and encompasses, not being limited to them, all fuels, electrolytic solutions, oxidizing solutions, liquids , solids and / or suitable chemicals above and mixtures thereof.

As this document is used the term "fuel dispenser" encompasses, not being limited to them, disposable cartridges refillable / reusable cartridges, containers, cartridges that are housed inside the electronic device, removable cartridges, cartridges that remain outside the electronic device, fuel tanks, fuel tanks, tanks to refill the fuel, other containers that store fuel and the pipes connected to the fuel tanks and containers. While the cartridge for exemplary embodiments of the present invention is described below, it is noted that these embodiments can also be applied to other fuel dispensers and that the present invention is not limited to a particular type of fuel dispenser.

As illustrated in the accompanying drawings and set forth in detail below the present invention relates to a fuel cell system 10 of power supply to a load 11, as seen in Figure 1. Load 11 is typically a device electronics that feed the fuel cell cartridge 12. In the first embodiment of the fuel cell system 10, the load or electronic device 11 is the external circuitry and associated functions of any useful consumer electronics device. In this embodiment the electronic device 11 comprises a housing 14 that delimits the fuel cartridge chamber 16 (shown in Figure 2) to accommodate fuel cell cartridges 12 so that they can be removed therefrom. In figure 1 the cartridge 12 is housed in the chamber 16 of the cartridge 12 being interconnected to work in conjunction with the electronic device 11. When the fuel cartridge 12 is empty of fuel a user can remove the cartridge from the electronic device and insert another cartridge or refill the empty cartridge as shown in figure 2.

The electronic device 11 can be a mobile or cell phone, a calculator, an electric tool, a gardening tool, a personal digital assistant, a digital camera, a laptop, a video game console, a portable music playback system ( Mp3 or CD players), a global positioning system (GPS), camping equipment or other.

Figure 1 has two sets of interconnecting lines. The first set of interconnection lines refers to conduits for fluids, that is, a liquid or a gas, lines, with arrows that indicate the direction of flow. The second set of interconnection lines are power lines that have fat points at intersections to illustrate their connectivity. While this embodiment is the one described in this document for a direct methanol fuel cell it is understood that this embodiment is suitable for any fuel cell.

The electronic device 11 preferably comprises the following electronically controlled components: a first electrical contact 18, the chamber 16 adapted to accommodate the fuel cell cartridge 12, the controller 20, an optional battery 21, a pump 22, a flowmeter 24, a fuel concentration sensor 25 and a water measurement valve 26. The controller 20 maintains electrical communication with these devices. In addition, the electronic device 11 comprises the following fluid circuit components: an air chamber 28, a carbon dioxide separator 30, condenser 32 and a mixing chamber 34. These fluid circuit components are interconnected with each other or with others. components for fluid circuits, as described below. In addition, the electronic device comprises a plurality of valve components 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b for connecting various components for fluid circuits of a cell of the electronic device 11 to various components for fluid circuits of the fuel cell cartridge 12 as described in detail below.

The fuel cell cartridge 12 preferably comprises the following electronically controlled components: a second electrical contact 46, an information storage device 47 and a regulating valve 50. The contact 46 is electrically connected to the information storage device 47 and the regulating valve 50 and is also connected to the first electrical contact 18. In addition, the fuel cell cartridge 12 comprises a housing 51 (indicated by broken line) containing a fuel tank 52, a membrane electrode unit 54 (MEA) and a heat exchanger 56. The MEA or element 54 is also refers to a stack. As used herein, the term "stacking" comprises at least one membrane electrode unit and bipolar plates. The stack also optionally comprises fuel and oxygen dispensers and current collecting components. The heat exchanger 56 can also be placed in the electronic device 11. The MEA 54 preferably comprises an anode 54a, a proton exchange membrane 54b (PEM) or another electrolyte layer and the cathode 54c. Optionally the fuel cell cartridge 12 may also comprise an ion filter 58 and an ion sensor 60. These components are interconnected, circulating a fluid between them, or with other fluid circuit components as described below. In addition, the fuel cartridge 12 comprises a plurality of valve components 36a, 38a, 40a, 42a, and 44a, which work by interacting with the valve components 36b, 38b, 40b, 42b, 44b to interconnect several cartridge components through a fluid of fuel 12 with various components of the electric device 11 as described in detail below.

Referring to FIG. 1 when the cartridge 12 is loaded or inserted into the chamber 16 the first and second electrical contacts 18 and 46 are in contact so that the controller 20 begins to interact electronically with the information storage device 47 and the rest of the electrical components of the cartridge 12. Thus, the controller 20 can receive information from the fuel cell cartridge 12 and control the functionalities of the regulating valve 50 and can read and write information on the information storage device 47. The preferred information storage devices and controllers and their operation are disclosed in the patent application pending publication of shared ownership of US No. 10/725237 entitled "Fuel Cell Supply Including Information Storage Device and a Controlling System" filed on December 1, 2003.

Suitable information storage devices can be, among others, a random access memory (RAM), a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), a programmable and erasable read-only memory (EPROM) ) an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EEPROM), a flash memory, electronically readable elements (such as resistors, capacitors, self-inductions, diodes and transistors), optically readable elements (such as barcodes), magnetically readable elements (such as magnetic strips), integrated circuits (IC chips) and programmable logic arrays (PLA) and smart chips (such as those used in batteries) and others. The preferred information storage device is a PLA or an EEPROM and the present invention is described herein with the EEPROM. However, it is understood that the present invention is not limited to a particular type of information storage device.

Typically the information is stored as zeros and ones in a binary system. Groups of these binary digits constitute hexadecimal octaves (groups of three binary digits) (groups of four binary digits). Hexadecimal digits are commonly used to facilitate the reading of information from the storage device.

EEPROM memory is a read-only memory that can be modified by the user and can be deleted and rewritten

or repeatedly reprogram throughout its useful life by applying an electrical writing voltage higher than normal to the same connection pin ("pin") in addition to other programming means. The EEPROM memory can be modified without removing it from the fuel pump. Advantageously, parts of the EEPROM memory can have write protection, that is to say that the originally written information is saved and protected from the write voltage while other parts of the EEPROM memory can be rewritten several times. Additionally, an EEPROM memory in a manner similar to other read-only memories does not need the power supply to conserve the memory or keep the data stored therein. Therefore when an electronic device is turned on it relies on the information stored in EEPROM memory to start and run its program. To erase and rewrite an EEPROM memory a controller applies a predetermined voltage at a particular point in the EEPROM memory in order to store information in it.

EEPROM memories as well as other read-only memories are easily available in the market. Suitable EEPROM memories are marketed by Cypress Semiconductor Corp. of San Jose, Ca, Altera Corp of San Jos e, Ca, ATMEL Corporation of Hayward, CA and Microchip Technology Inc. of Chandler, Az between others.

In an alternative embodiment the electrical connection between the first and second contacts 18 and 46 can be wireless. Suitable wireless transmission systems can be Bluetooth technology, radio frequency, infrared rays etc.

In addition to reading and writing information on the information storage device 47, the controller 20 controls the functionalities of the electronic device 11, and the valves, sensors and pumps of the electronic device 11 and the cartridge 12. Preferably, the housing 17 also has room for at least one optional battery 21 for supplying electricity to various components of the fuel cell system 10 and the electronic device 11 when the MEA is not operating or during system startup. Alternatively, the optional battery 21 supplies power to the controller 20 when the cartridge 12 is empty or when the fuel cell or MEA is off. The optional battery 21 can be replaced by or used in conjunction with solar panels.

Suitable pumps 22 are disclosed in their entirety in patent applications pending publication and shared ownership of the United States No. 10/356793, 10/629004, 10/629006. The application ending in "793" of title "Fuel Cartridge for Fuel Cells" was filed on January 31, 2003. The application ending in "004" of title "Fuel Cartridge with Flexible Liner" was filed on July 29, 2003

A suitable pump is a piezoelectric pump. Suitable piezoelectric pumps may be those sold by PAR Technologies LLC of Newport News, Va. Piezoelectric pumps have no moving parts and are light, compact, strong, efficient and quiet. These pumps have excitation voltages that are greater than approximately 50 V and a current consumption of, for example, as little as approximately 15 mA reaching up to 130 mA for an input voltage between approximately 2.2 Vdc and approximately 12 V cc The flow rate of the piezoelectric pumps is between approximately 10 ml / h and approximately 900 ml / h for pressures that are in the range between 0 psi and 5 psi. The size of these pumps is between about 0.5''2 to about 1.5''2 for a thickness less than about 0.5 ''. The piezo pump can be made of materials that are compatible with the fuels to be used in the fuel cells and fuel cartridges. These pumps also operate over a wide range of values ​​and have a long service life.

In the present embodiment the pump 22 is outside the cartridge 12 and is inside the housing 17. Thus when the cartridge 12 is removed from the housing 17 as shown in Figure 2 the pump 22 remains inside the housing 17. The Pump 22 is located upstream of the mixing chamber 24 in the present embodiment. In an alternative embodiment the pump 22 may be located downstream of the mixing chamber 34 (ie, between the mixing chamber 34 and the valve component 36b) or at other points. Also, alternatively the pump 22 can be omitted and the cartridge can be pressurized to drive the fuel from the cartridge 12 through the control valve to the electronic device 11.

Referring again to FIG. 1, the fuel cartridge 12 comprises a housing 51 with a chamber 51a for housing the fuel tank 52. In this embodiment the fuel tank 52 may comprise an external housing or an external envelope 52a separate from the housing 51. The outer shell can be relatively rigid or flexible. The fuel tank 52 may be designed with or without an internal fuel jacket or blister. Cartridges without shirts and their associated components are disclosed in the application ending in "793". Cartridges with internal blisters or shirts are disclosed in the application ending in "004".

The valve component 36a is fixed to the cartridge 12 and the valve component 36b is fixed to the electronic device

eleven. The valve 36a, 36b is preferably a two component valve. Each valve component has sealing capacity when the fuel cartridge 12 is removed from the electronic device 11. The two component valves are fully disclosed in the application ending in "006". When the cartridge 12 is inside the chamber 16 the fuel in the tank is interconnected with the mixing chamber 34 through the valve components 36a, b.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the ion filter 58 and the ion sensor 60 are optionally part of the cartridge 12. The ion filter and the ion sensor are fully described in the patent application pending shared ownership. No. 10/725235 and entitled “Fuel Cell System Including an Ion Filter” filed on December 1, 2003. The ion filter removes the ions from the fuel and increases the life of the EMP. The ion filter 58 can be placed inside or outside the fuel tank 52. The ionic particles can be removed by cleaning agents or chelating agents or ion exchange membrane (eg, PEM materials).

The ion sensor 60 can detect the effectiveness of the filter and indicate when to change it. The ion sensor 60 is preferably located inside the fuel cell cartridge 12, as shown, or in the electronic device 11. The controller 20 can read the fuel ion level using the ion sensor 60 and write this information to the information storage device 47 so that the fuel with unacceptable ion levels is not used. The ion sensor 60 can determine the ion level by recording the electrical conduction of the fuel. Higher conductivity indicates higher level of ions. The controller can check the fuel ion level at any time the electronic device is turned on or when a different cartridge is installed.

MEA 54 is typically placed between two bipolar plates (not shown). In the present invention, the MEA 54 is preferably housed in the chamber 53 inside the cartridge 12. Therefore, the MEA is preferably made of an economical material and can be pulled when the cartridge 12 is empty. An advantage of an embodiment of the present invention is that when the MEA is disposable the ion filters and / or the ion sensors can be omitted. Additionally, the internal chamber 51 or the fuel tank 52 can be refilled and / or replaced and the fuel cell cartridge 12 can be reused until the MEA has to be replaced. Alternatively, the MEA or stack 54 can be replaced while the rest of the cartridge can be reused. This allows fuel cell designers to have the option of using disposable or reusable PEMs inside the fuel cell cartridge 12.

Preferably anode 54a and cathode 54c are of conventional materials. The PEM is preferably of an ion conducting polymer. Suitable ion conduction polymers may be, among others, perfluorinated sulfonic acid polymers, coated with a catalyst, commercially the Nadion® from DuPont described above. Catalyst coated polymers are known as catalyst based polymers. Suitable catalysts may be platinum, ruthenium or alloys thereof among other metals. Another suitable ion-conducting polymer is polybenzimidazole (PBI) manufactured by Celanes Fuel Cells USA, Inc. of Murray Hill, New Jersey. The PBI is a high temperature PEM that can operate in the range of 120 ° C to 200 ° C.

Other suitable ion conducting polymers are described in TA Davis, JD Genders and D. Pletcher "First Course in Ion Permeable Membranes", p. 35-57 and in U.S. Patent No. 6630518. These polymers can be unsubstituted alkenes copolymerized with a functional alkene containing ionizable groups or their precursors (for example Nafion® perfluorinated membranes) and polymerized alkenes and ion groups that are subsequently introduced into the membrane. Other suitable ion-conducting polymers may be Goretex, a weather-resistant material, which is a polytetrafluoroethylene with a perfluorinated polymer that fills the pores and a polyvinyl fluoride (PVC) film irradiated in a 2.5-chlorosulfonic acid solution. %. The patent ending in "518" describes other suitable ion-conducting polymers that can be a low permeability membrane that radiates and then sulfonates. Suitable membranes may be polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyhexafluoropropylene, polychlorotrifluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), copolymers therefrom and mixtures. These membranes and high permeability membranes can be used in the present invention. Other suitable membranes may also be those manufactured by Polyfuel Inc. Any ion exchange material can be used; An economical material, such as those set forth in this paragraph, can be used, because the MEA can be replaced when the cartridge is empty or when the performance of the MEA has dropped significantly.

From the relationships at anode 54a an additional gaseous product containing carbon dioxide is formed by the anode reaction of the global DMFC reaction. These additional gaseous products and unreacted fuel, if any, are conducted to the carbon dioxide separator 30 of the electronic device 11 through valve components 38 a, b. Valve 38 a, b may be a two component valve similar to valve 36 a, b. The carbon dioxide separator 30 separates the carbon dioxide from the unused fuel by taking advantage of the natural thrust of the gas. Additionally, the carbon dioxide separator 30 has a relief valve 30a for expelling the carbon dioxide out of the electronic device 11 into the atmosphere. The relief valve may be a check valve as disclosed in the application ending in "004".

This liquid / water product of the cathode is conducted to the capacitor 32 of the electrical device 11 through valve components 40 a, b. Valve 40 a, b may be a two component valve similar to valve 36 a,

b. Water 32, additional product of the reaction, reaches the condenser 32, condenses the water vapor, if any, and conducts the liquid water to the mixing chamber 34. Additionally, the condenser 32 may have a relief valve 32a to expel any gas out of the electronic device 11 into the atmosphere.

Alternatively, relief valves 30a and / or 32a can be replaced by a single relief valve in mixing chamber 34.

The valve 26 regulates the flow of water and unreacted fuel that reaches the mixing chamber 34 and helps to obtain an optimum fuel concentration in the fuel / water mixture. The controller 20 controls the valve 26 to achieve the proper fuel / water concentration in the chamber 34.

The fuel / water mixture of suitable concentration is conducted from the chamber 34 by a pump 22. The fuel concentration in the fuel / water mixture is measured by the fuel concentration sensor 25 and monitored and regulated by the controller 20 using the water measurement valve 26. Such sensors are disclosed in United States Patent Publication Document No. 2003/0131663, 2003/0134162 and in United States Patents No. 6254748, 6306285.

The fuel / water mixture flows from the pump 22 to the heat exchanger 56 of the fuel cartridge 12 through the valve components 44 a, b. Valve 44 a, b may be a two component valve similar to valve 36 a, b. Since the MEA and more particularly the PEM can be sensitive to the temperature of the fuel, the heat exchanger 56 cools the fuel to a preferred temperature range. The heat exchanger may be a conventional heat exchanger and have fins.

From the heat exchanger 56 the fuel / water mixture flows to the anode 54a of the MEA 54 to react and produce electricity that feeds the electronic device 11. In this embodiment the regulating valve 50 regulates the flow of fuel to the MEA 54 The regulating valve 50 may have a variable opening orifice that can be opened leaving a predetermined free diameter to regulate the flow. Alternative regulating valves are disclosed in the application ending in "237". Similar regulating valves are drawn in U.S. Patent Nos. 4496309 and 4560345.

The electronic device 11 further comprises an air chamber 28 containing air. Air flows from the air chamber 28 to the cathode 54c of the fuel cartridge 12 through the valve components 42 a, b. Valve 42 a, b may be two component similar to valve 36 a, b. Alternatively, the air can be supplied from the surrounding environment directly to the cathode or through the electronic device before reaching the cathode. A pump or fan can also be used to boost the air.

As shown in Figures 1 and 2, although the MEA is located in the cartridge 12 so that the auxiliary systems can be replaced more easily, practically all of them, in the electronic device. The advantage of this is that the auxiliary systems can have sensitive or expensive elements, for example, controller / s, pump / s that are more suitable to be in the electronic device. Depending on the cost and reliability, these elements may also be located in the cartridge.

Referring to Figure 3 and according to another aspect of the present invention, the fuel cartridge 112 adapted to operate with the electronic device 111 being located outside the device is disclosed. The electronic device 111 comprises several electronic and fluid circuit components of the device 11 including a first contact 118. In the present embodiment, the first contact comprises components for interconnecting the electrical and fluid circuit components of the device 111 to the fuel cartridge 112. The fuel cartridge 112 comprises the different electronic and fluid circuit components of the cartridge 12 including a second contact 146. In the present embodiment, the second contact comprises components for interconnecting components of electrical circuits and fluids from device 111 to fuel cartridge 112 when contacts 118, 146 interoperate. In an alternative embodiment the fuel cartridge 112 may be incorporated into a connection block having the second contact and an optional platform to support the laptop 111 while it is being used.

Referring to FIG. 4 in accordance with another aspect of the present invention, the fuel cartridge 212, central fuel supply station or multi-spreader or multiple dispenser is disclosed, which is adapted to operate with two or more electronic devices 211 remaining outside of they. The fuel cartridge 212 may have a design that allows it to be interconnected with any number of electronic devices 211. Each electronic device 211 comprises the different electronic and fluid circuit components of the device 11 including a first contact 228. In the present embodiment the first contact comprises interconnecting components of electrical circuit and fluid components of the device 211 to the fuel cartridge 212 . The fuel cartridge 212 comprises the different electronic and fluid circuit components of the cartridge 12 including the second contact 246 and the conduits 246 a, b. In the present embodiment the second contact 246 comprises components for interconnecting components of electrical circuits and fluids of the devices 211 to the fuel cartridge 212 when the contacts 218 and 246 interoperate.

According to another aspect of the present invention some components that are placed inside the electronic device 11 shown in Figure 11 can be placed in the cartridge 12. For example, the pump 22 and the mixing chamber 34 can be placed in the cartridge 12. Additionally one or more of the following elements: air chamber 28, condenser 32, CO2 separator 30 can be placed in cartridge 12.

Alternatively, the MEA 54 can be placed in the electronic device 11 and the fuel tank 52 the pump 22 and the mixing chamber 34 can be placed in the cartridge 12. The fuel and water mixture can be prepared in the cartridge before drive to electronic device 11 to react in the MEA.

In accordance with another aspect of the present invention all the components of the fuel cell shown in their respective positions in Figure 1 are placed in the cartridge 12. Referring to Figure 5, the cartridge is an independent fuel cell with a replaceable or refillable fuel dispenser 52 and a replaceable or repairable MEA or stack. What produces this cartridge 12 is the electricity generated in MEA 54. The advantages of this system are among others:

<dl><dt>(i) </dt><dd>the MEA can be sized and configured to produce the electricity necessary to operate the electronic device 11 regardless of what it is and </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>(ii)</dt><dd> Valve connections 36 a, b 38 a, b 40 a, b 42 a, b 44 a, b and electrical connections 18, 46 can be minimized or eliminated.</dd></dl>