Multi-Threat Detection System
Abstract
A system for the inspection of an object in order to detect a dangerous article, and this system comprises: an object unit designed to contain the object, this object unit having a movement mechanism for moving the object; a test unit that includes equipment to subject the object to a combination of two or more different types of tests; and a computing unit that receives output signals from at least one of the object or test units, processing the output signals individually to generate parameter values and combining the parameter values from the different types of tests to determine a set of risk factors that indicate the probability that the dangerous article is present in the object; and that it is characterized in that a risk factor is determined from the set of risk factors based on the combination of the parameter values from the different types of tests and associated with a predefined category of risk.

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Projected expiry passed 12 September 2025, 1 year ago.
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46 claims: 16 independent, 30 dependent
- 1ES 2 394 713 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un sistema para la inspección de un objeto con el fin de detectar un artículo peligroso, y este sistema comprende:una unidad de objeto diseñada para contener el objeto, poseyendo esta unidad de objeto un mecanismo de movimiento para mover el objeto;una unidad de pruebas que incluye un equipo para someter el objeto a una combinación de dos o más tipos diferentes de pruebas;y una unidad de computación que recibe señales de salida desde al menos una de las unidades de objeto o de pruebas, procesando las señales de salida individualmente para generar valores de parámetro y combinando los valores de parámetro procedentes de los diferentes tipos de pruebas para determinar un conjunto de factores de riesgo que indican la probabilidad de que el artículo peligroso se encuentre presente en el objeto;y que se caracteriza porque se determina un factor de riesgo del conjunto de factores de riesgo basándose en la combinación de los valores de parámetro procedentes de los diferentes tipos de pruebas y asociados con una categoría predefinida de riesgo.
- 2Un sistema de conformidad con la reivindicación 1, que además comprende sensores ubicados en una (o ambas) de las unidades de objeto y de pruebas, y en el que los sensores leen los datos que constituyen el resultado de las pruebas sobre el objeto y generan las señales de salida correspondientes a los datos.
- 3El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que las dos o más pruebas se llevan a cabo simultáneamente.
- 4El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que las dos o más pruebas se llevan a cabo secuencialmente.
- 5El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de computación procesa las señales de salida que proceden de diferentes sensores simultáneamente.
- 6El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que se seleccionan las pruebas de entre pruebas de radiación ionizante, análisis químico y pruebas no ionizantes.
- 7El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que los sensores adoptan la forma de sensores en una matriz fusionada.
- 8El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de computación determina un conjunto de parámetros que incluyen uno o varios parámetros de textura, densidad, conductividad eléctrica, clase molecular, ubicación, clasificación visual, potencial radiactivo, clase biológica y clase biométrica del objeto basados en la señal de salida de cada uno de los sensores.
- 9El sistema de la reivindicación 8, en el que se utiliza una señal de salida de uno de los sensores para determinar los valores de múltiples parámetros.
- 10El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de computación posee una función de determinación de peligros que incluye condiciones que determinan el conjunto de factores de riesgo, comprendiendo este sistema además una unidad de interfaz para generar una alerta si se determinan uno o varios factores de riesgo del conjunto de factores de riesgo.
- 11El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, que además comprende un mecanismo de movimiento en la unidad de objeto para mover el objeto a una ubicación deseada en la unidad de objeto.
- 12El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, que además comprende un mecanismo de rotación en la unidad de objeto, en el que el mecanismo de rotación contiene el objeto y lo gira para ajustar el ángulo del objeto para la prueba.
- 13El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de objeto es una primera unidad de objeto y el objeto es un primer objeto, que además comprende una segunda unidad de objeto diseñada para contener un segundo objeto, y en el que la unidad de pruebas somete el primer objeto y el segundo objeto a una prueba.
- 14El sistema de la reivindicación 13, en el que la segunda unidad de objeto es una unidad modular que puede separarse de la unidad de pruebas.
- 15El sistema de la reivindicación 13, en el que la unidad de pruebas posee un mecanismo que permite a la unidad de pruebas someter a prueba el primer objeto y el segundo objeto secuencialmente. ES 2 394 713 T3
- 16El sistema de la reivindicación 13, en el que la unidad de pruebas somete al primer objeto y al segundo objeto a una prueba simultáneamente.
- 17El sistema de la reivindicación 13, en el que el primer objeto es un objeto inanimado y el segundo objeto es un ser humano.
- 18El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de objeto es una primera unidad de objeto, el objeto es un primer objeto y la unidad de pruebas es una primera unidad de pruebas, y que además comprende:una segunda unidad de objeto diseñada para contener el segundo objeto;y una segunda unidad de pruebas que incluye un equipo para someter el segundo objeto a una combinación de dos o más pruebas;en el que la unidad de computación recibe señales de salida desde la segunda unidad de objeto y la segunda unidad de pruebas, así como desde la primera unidad de objeto y la primera unidad de pruebas.
- 19El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de pruebas comprende subunidades y en el que cada una de las subunidades contiene un equipo único de prueba y puede ser reemplazada independientemente con una subunidad diferente.
- 20El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, que además comprende una cámara en la unidad de pruebas o en la unidad de objeto para obtener una imagen del objeto.
- 21El sistema de la reivindicación 18, en el que el objeto es un ser humano.
- 22El sistema de las reivindicaciones 1 o 2, en el que la unidad de objeto comprende un receptor automatizado que identifica a un propietario del objeto y proporciona información sobre el propietario.
- 23El sistema de la reivindicación 1, que además comprende una pluralidad de unidades de objeto acopladas a la unidad de pruebas, en el que cada una de las unidades de objeto está diseñada para contener un objeto y en el que la unidad de pruebas somete objetos a pruebas en las diferentes unidades de objeto.
- 24El sistema de la reivindicación 23, en el que la unidad de pruebas lleva a cabo una de las pruebas simultáneamente para los diferentes objetos que se encuentran en las unidades de objeto.
- 25El sistema de la reivindicación 23, en el que la unidad de pruebas lleva a cabo una de las pruebas secuencialmente en los diferentes objetos que se encuentran en las unidades de objeto según un orden predeterminado.
- 26El sistema de la reivindicación 23, en el que algunas de las pruebas se llevan a cabo simultáneamente en los diferentes objetos y otras pruebas se realizan secuencialmente en los diferentes objetos según un orden predeterminado.
- 27El sistema de la reivindicación 23, simultáneamente para uno de los objetos. en el que la combinación de dos o más pruebas se lleva a cabo
- 28El sistema de la reivindicación 23, secuencialmente para uno de los objetos. en el que la combinación de dos o más pruebas se lleva a cabo
- 29El sistema de la reivindicación 23, en el que cada una de las unidades de objeto incluye un mecanismo de movimiento para mover el objeto dentro de cada una de las unidades de objeto.
- 30El sistema de la reivindicación 23, en el que cada una de las unidades de objeto incluye un conjunto de sensores.
- 31El sistema de la reivindicación 30, en el que el conjunto de sensores es una matriz fusionada se sensores.
- 32El sistema de la reivindicación 23, que además comprende un portal acoplado a la unidad de pruebas, y en el que este portal está diseñado para que un ser humano pueda atravesarlo y ser sometido a pruebas por la unidad de pruebas.
- 33El sistema de la reivindicación 32, en el que la unidad de pruebas es una primera unidad de pruebas, y que además comprende una segunda unidad de pruebas acoplada al portal para someter a pruebas al ser humano, y en el que la unidad de computación recibe señales de salida de las unidades de objeto, la primera unidad de pruebas, el portal y la segunda unidad de pruebas.
- 34Un método para la inspección de un objeto con el fin de detectar un artículo peligroso; este método comprende:ES 2 394 713 T3 la identificación de un objeto en una unidad de objeto que posee múltiples sensores ubicados en la misma;la realización de una combinación de diferentes pruebas sobre este objeto con el fin de identificar las propiedades del objeto;la lectura de las señales de salida procedentes de los múltiples sensores;el procesamiento de las señales de salida individualmente para generar valores de parámetro;y la combinación de los valores de parámetro de los diferentes tipos de pruebas para determinar un factor de riesgo que indique la probabilidad de que el artículo peligroso se encuentra presente en el objeto, y que se caracteriza porque: se determina el factor de riesgo basándose en una combinación de los valores de parámetro de los diferentes tipos de pruebas asociados con una categoría predefinida de riesgo.
- 35El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la realización de la combinación de pruebas sobre el objeto simultáneamente.
- 36El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la realización de la combinación de pruebas sobre el objeto secuencialmente.
- 37El método de la reivindicación 34, en el que el procesamiento de diferentes señales de salida comprende el procesamiento de las señales de salida simultáneamente.
- 38El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la selección de la combinación de pruebas de entre pruebas de radiación ionizante, análisis químico y pruebas no ionizantes.
- 39El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la determinación de los valores para un conjunto de parámetros basándose en las señales de salida, en el que el conjunto de parámetros incluye uno o más parámetros de textura, densidad, conductividad eléctrica, clasificación visual, clase molecular, ubicación, potencial radiactivo, clase biológica y clase biométrica.
- 40El método de la reivindicación 39, que además comprende la determinación de valores para múltiples parámetros mediante el uso de una señal de salida de las señales de salida.
- 41El método de la reivindicación 39, que además comprende la determinación del factor de riesgo mediante la combinación de valores para el conjunto de parámetros de acuerdo con las funciones de determinación de peligros preexistentes.
- 42El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la generación de una alerta basándose en el factor de riesgo.
- 43El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende el movimiento del objeto dentro de la unidad de objeto con el fin de colocar apropiadamente el objeto para las diferentes pruebas.
- 44El método de la reivindicación 34, en el que el objeto es un primer objeto y la unidad de objeto es una primera unidad de objeto, y que además comprende la prueba de un segundo objeto en una segunda unidad de objeto después de someter el primer objeto a prueba en la primera unidad de objeto.
- 45El método de la reivindicación 34, en el que el objeto es un primer objeto y la unidad de objeto es una primera unidad de objeto, y que además comprende la prueba de un segundo objeto en una segunda unidad de objeto mientras se está sometiendo a pruebas el primer objeto.
- 46El método de la reivindicación 34, que además comprende la obtención de una imagen del objeto.
Independent claims46
66 paragraphs in 6 sections, as filed
ES 2 394 713 T3
DESCRIPTION
Multiple Hazard Detection System.
Field of the invention
The present invention relates generally to a system for detecting the presence of a dangerous article, and more specifically to a system for detecting the presence of a dangerous article by using a plurality of tests in parallel.
Background
Today's checkpoint security systems in public places like airports or government buildings typically include some kind of combination of an imaging test, a metal detector, and a chemical test. The chemical test usually uses a tabletop explosive trace detection (ETD) machine, in which a swab or air sample is taken from an object (for example , a bag) and is tested for traces of explosive materials.
Unfortunately, the security control systems in use today are not as reliable as they should be. For example, X-ray tests identify dangerous items based on the density of the objects, and a large number of harmless objects have densities similar to those of some dangerous objects. Naturally, the false negative rate is high. Since the imaging test involves X-rays or CT scans, the accuracy of the tests is highly dependent on the state of concentration and the judgment of a human operator who reviews the images as the bags are scanned. Although several systems include automatic visual classification of suspicious items, dependence on human concentration and judgment still plays an important role in these systems. Due to distractions, fatigue, and natural limitations on human ability to concentrate, a control system that relies heavily on human judgment cannot achieve an optimal level of precision. Also, because the imaging test relies heavily on the display of the objects being tested, a passenger may disguise or conceal a dangerous noxious item to avoid detection by the imaging test.
Attempts have been made to increase the accuracy of a checkpoint security system by using a combination of tests, such as an imaging test, a metal detection test, and a chemical test. Typically, tests are carried out using three independent computers that are placed side by side. Independent teams test objects separately and sequentially, one test after another. For example, an airport security system may employ an X-ray imaging test and subsequently chemical test only those bags that have been indicated as suspect by the X-ray imaging test. Similarly, for passengers, they may first be asked to pass through a preliminary metal detection portal, and then they may be subjected to a more rigorous metal detection test carried out. by a human operator only when preliminary portal testing results in an alarm being triggered.
One problem with this type of series / sequential combination of tests is that the overall precision is highly dependent on the accuracy of each individual test, and in some cases the accuracy of the first test. For example, if the chemical test is not used unless a bag fails the X-ray imaging test, the use of the chemical test is useful only if the X-ray imaging test accurately identifies suspicious bags. If the operator reviewing the X-ray images does not detect a possible dangerous item, the fact that a chemical test can easily be performed does not alter the circumstance that the potential dangerous item has passed through the security system.
Although the use of multiple tests on all passengers and their luggage would be an obvious way to improve the accuracy of security checks, such a solution is not practical as it would result in passengers spending an excessive period of time going through the checks of security. Furthermore, the cost of this system would be prohibitive. In a practical implementation, the accuracy of security screening tests is balanced with - and compromised by - the need for passengers to pass through the system at a reasonable speed. Also, if a test that produces a high false positive rate, such as the X-ray test, is used first, the passenger flow is unnecessarily reduced because many bags that do not contain a dangerous item would have to undergo screening. second test.
A system and method that allows passengers to pass through a security checkpoint at a reasonable speed without compromising the accuracy of security screening tests is desirable.
ES 2 394 713 T3
Summary
According to one aspect of the invention, a system is provided for the inspection of an object in order to detect a dangerous item, and this system comprises: an object unit designed to contain the object, this object unit having a mechanism movement to move the object; a test unit that includes equipment for subjecting the object to a combination of two or more different types of tests; and a computing unit that receives output signals from at least one of the object or test units, processing the output signals individually to generate parameter values and combining the parameter values from the different types of tests to determine a set of risk factors that indicate the probability that the dangerous article is present in the object; and in which a risk factor is determined from the set of risk factors based on the combination of parameter values from the different types of tests and associating them with a predefined category of risk.
Also, a corresponding method is provided.
One (or both) of the test and test units may be equipped with sensors, each of which reads the data constituting the test result on the object and generates the output signal. The computing unit can receive the output signal from each of the sensors, process the output signals individually to generate parameter values, and combine the parameter values to determine a risk factor, where the risk factor indicates the probability that the dangerous item is present on the object.
In one embodiment, modular object units can be attached to the test unit. Each of the object units is designed to contain one object and the test unit tests the objects in the different object units. A computing unit receives the output signals from one or both of the object and test units and determines a risk factor for each object in the different object units.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of a multi-hazard detection system in accordance with the invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system.
Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the modules of the computing unit for executing a dangerous article identification method.
Figure 4 is an exemplary embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system that includes a single test unit and multiple object units.
Figure 5 is a block diagram showing the test unit and object units.
Figure 6 is another embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system in which the object is a human (or any other animal).
Figure 7 is yet another embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system for testing inanimate objects and humans.
Detailed description of the realizations
Embodiments of the invention are described herein in the context of a checkpoint security system. However, it will be understood that the embodiments provided herein are only exemplary embodiments and the scope of the invention is not limited to the applications or embodiments described herein. For example, the system of the invention may be useful to carry out automated testing of small packages and mail, as well as the control of packaged consumable items (eg, food or medicine), among other objects.
The multi-hazard detection system of the invention is useful for detecting the presence of various dangerous items. A “dangerous item” is any substance and / or combination of substances and objects that may be of interest to a security system, which may include (but are not limited to) explosives, explosive devices, improvised explosive devices, substances used in chemical warfare, industrial products and other chemicals that are considered dangerous, biological agents, contraband, drugs, weapons and radioactive materials. The invention provides an automated system for performing different types of tests in order to inspect multiple dangerous items rapidly, such that multiple objects can be examined in a relatively short period of time. Likewise, the system of the
The invention decreases the dependency on human operators, instead using a computing unit that determines a risk factor based on the simultaneous acquisition and processing of different test results. Accordingly, the system provides a much needed method today to increase the accuracy of a security check test without compromising the flow of the test.
An "ionized radiation test" as used herein includes any type of test that emits ionized radiation, such as nuclear, X-ray, or gamma-ray radiation. Examples of X-ray methods include standard X-ray transmission, backscatter, dual or multiple energy methods, and computed tomography. Examples of nuclear radiation source testing include methods such as thermal neutron analysis, fast pulsed neutron analysis, backscattering, and terahertz testing, among others. A "non-ionizing test" includes methods that use a non-ionizing source of electromagnetic (EM) radiation, such as those that expose the material to a pulsed EM field and acquire the return pulse. These methods include the use of high “millimeter waves,” nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, electron paramagnetic resonance (ESR), and electron spin resonance. Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance (NQR), among others. An additional potential non-ionizing source includes Tetrahertz. In addition, "non-ionizing tests" also include methods used in the detection of conductive materials that subject an object to electromagnetic fields, either continuous wave or pulsed, and detect the corresponding direction of changes in the field. "Chemical analysis" is intended to include methods of substance detection, including ion mobility spectrometry (IMS), ion trap mobility spectroscopy (ITMS). Ion Trap Mobility Spectroscopy), uptake detection, chemiluminescence, surface acoustic wave / gas chromatography, thermoredox, spectroscopic methods, selective polymeric sensors and MEM-based sensors, among others.
A "biological classification" classifies biological hazards (eg, organisms and molecules) according to guidelines that indicate the level of potential risk associated with toxins, bioregulators, and epidemiologically dangerous organisms (such as viruses, bacteria, and fungi). A "biometric classification test" includes standard discrete biometric methods, such as fingerprints, as well as physical-behavioral parameters that indicate suspicious behavior.
As used herein, "simultaneously" means a partial or total temporal overlap between two or more events that have the same duration or a different duration. For example, if event A begins at time 0 and ends at time 10 and event B begins at time 2 and ends at time 10, events A and B are occurring simultaneously. Similarly, if events C and D start at time 0 and end at time 7, these events are also occurring simultaneously. On the other hand, "sequentially" indicates that there is no time overlap between two or more events. If event E begins at time 0 and ends at time 6 and event F begins at time 7 and ends at time 10, events E and F occur sequentially.
A "parameter", as used herein, includes data and data sets and functions, whether they are static or dynamic.
A "hazard determination function" as used herein includes a function or set of functions that define a condition that indicates the presence of a hazard. This function or functions can be a static value, sets of static values, or a dynamic calculation. The function (s) can be rule-based or based on a non-heuristic method, such as a neural network.
A "risk factor" indicates the probability that the dangerous item is present on the object. A "set" of risk factors can include one or more risk factors.
Figure 1 is a block diagram illustrating the main components of a multi-hazard detection system (10) in accordance with the invention. As shown, the multi-hazard detection system (10) includes a test unit (20), a computing unit (40), and an object unit (60) that are coupled to each other. The object unit (60) has a mechanism that is designed to contain an object (eg, a bag or a piece of luggage) that is under examination. The test unit (20) includes various test sources and / or equipment, such as a radiation source for an X-ray examination, a chemical analysis unit for performing chemical examinations, radio frequency (RF) coils and other inductions. magnetic field for a non-ionizing examination. The computing unit (40), which has a processor and a memory, is configured to receive inputs from the test unit (20) and the object unit (60) and process said inputs to generate a risk factor. The risk factor indicates the probability that the object in the object unit (60) contains a dangerous article. Optionally, there may be a communication unit that may include a user interface unit (not shown) coupled to the computing unit (40), in such a way that the risk factor and a corresponding alert can be communicated to an operator of the multiple hazard detection system.
ES 2 394 713 T3
The tests that are incorporated into the test unit 20 can be any currently known test for the inspection of dangerous goods, and are not limited to the examples mentioned herein.
There may also be a plurality of object units coupled to the testing unit (20) and the computing unit (40), so that multiple objects can be examined at almost the same time.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of an embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system (10).
The object unit (60) has one or more doors (61) through which an object (62) can be placed in the object unit (60) to be subjected to various tests. In some embodiments, the object (62) is held stationary on a platform in the object unit (60). In other embodiments the object (62) is moved through the object unit (60) by a movement mechanism (67). The movement mechanism (67) may be coupled to a grip mechanism (64), which may be a robotic mechanism capable of holding the object (62), positioning it, and rotating it in the desired location at the desired test angle. In the embodiment shown, the movement mechanism (67) is a pulley type system, an XY positioning system (65), or a combination of both, and is coupled to the grip mechanism (64). In an alternative embodiment, the movement mechanism may be a conveyor belt that allows the object 62 to go through different stages of testing.
The object unit (60) includes an automated receiver (69) that automatically provides additional information about the owner of the object (62). In some embodiments, the additional information may include ticket information. In other embodiments, the automated receiver (69) can also provide additional information about the owner, such as their name, nationality, travel destination, etc. The automated receiver (69) can be implemented by digital / magnetic tagging, RF tagging, or other smart card scanning that identifies the owner / bearer of the object (62). This automatic correlation between the object (62) and its owner / carrier facilitates the identification of the responsible person if a dangerous article is found. The object unit (60) has one or more doors (61) through which the object can be extracted. In some embodiments, the doors 61 are automatically locked when a dangerous item is identified as part of operational security protocols.
In this exemplary embodiment, the ionized radiation testing unit (20) has an X-ray source subunit (22), a chemical analysis subunit (30) and a non-ionizing source subunit (36). The X-ray examination is performed using an X-ray source (24) that generates a beam and directs it towards the object (62). The X-ray source (24) is preferably supported by a rotary mechanism (26) that allows the beam to be pointed in different directions, as it may be desirable to adjust the direction of the beam according to the size and position of the object (62). A plurality of sensors (66) are located in the object unit (60) and are positioned to receive the X-ray beams after they pass through the object (62). Additional sensors 66 can be placed to acquire backscatter radiation as well. The sensors (66) receive the beam after it passes through the object (62). The sensors (66) generate output signals based on the received beam and feed the output signals to the computing unit (40). When X-rays are used as one of the tests, the walls of the X-ray subunit (22) and the object unit (60) are shielded to contain the radiation within the object unit (60).
Chemical analysis can be carried out by taking a sample from the object (62) and passing the sample through the chemical analysis subunit (30). A path implemented by a flow device, such as a rotary flow device (32), connects the gripper mechanism (64) to the chemical analysis subunit (30), so that the sample can be transported from the object. (62) to the chemical analysis subunit (30). Chemical analysis can be based on, for example, ion mobility spectroscopy or on more recent methods such as selective polymers or MEM-based sensors. When using ion mobility spectroscopy, the chemical analysis subunit (30) includes an ionization reaction chamber (28). A vacuum pump (33) generates an air flow to obtain a gas sample from the object unit (60). The gas sample travels through the adjustable closing pipes (32), which have particle acquisition pores (63) in the vicinity of the object (60) for obtaining gas samples. Rotating flow device (32) and particle acquisition pores (63) provide a means for constant particle acquisition and contact gas agitation to provide continuous analysis as the object moves within the unit. object (60) for other tests. The particle acquisition pores (63) can be placed in the gripper mechanism (64) that moves the object (62) through the object unit (60), such as the robot arm or conveyor belt mentioned above. . The gas sample enters the chemical analysis subunit (30). In an exemplary embodiment using the IMS method, the gas sample is introduced into an ionization reaction chamber (28) through the rotary flow device (32) and ionized by an ionization source. An electric field within chamber (28) transports ionized gas molecules to a collecting plate (not shown) located in ionization reaction chamber (28). The amount of ions reaching the collector plate is measured as a function of time, which is sent to the computing unit 40 in the form of one or more output signals. A microprocessor in the chemical analysis subunit (30) can convert the
ES 2 394 713 T3 quantity of ions in a current before sending the current to the computing unit (40). IMS is a well known and established method.
Optionally, the chemical analysis subunit (30) contains an interface module (35) for a biological detection system. If a biological detection system is incorporated into the test unit (20), it is possible to obtain a biological classification of the object. A biological detection system that detects molecular materials could use one of the chemical analysis methods. A system that aims to identify an organism, such as anthrax, would use an automated DNA test based on the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) automated according to the current state of technology.
The non-ionizing source subunit (36) may contain a radio frequency (RF) source and / or a magnetic source, such as RF coils (38) and antennas for NQR testing and / or eddy current testing. These tests provide information on the chemical compositions of the object and / or information on the existence of metallic or other conductive materials. Magnetic sources can be a plurality of sources that vary in size and power, so that not only the presence, but also the location of a dangerous item can be detected. Radio frequency waves and / or a magnetic field are directed at the object (62) and the sensors (66) receive the wave and / or the field after it passes through the object (62). For example, when the subunit (36) is a metal detector, the metal detector can transmit low intensity magnetic fields that interrogate the object (62) as it passes through the magnetic fields. A transmitter generates the magnetic field that reacts with metal objects in its field and sensors (66) measure the response of this reaction. The sensors (66) send the measurement result to the computing unit (40).
In addition to the X-ray examination, ion mobility spectrometry, and non-ionizing source test used in the embodiment of Figure 2, the multi-hazard detection system (10) can make use of any other test that is deemed useful. for that specific application. Likewise, the X-ray examination, ion mobility spectrometry and the non-ionizing source test can be substituted by different tests that are considered appropriate by a specialist in this field. Preferably, each of the subunits (22, 30 and 36) is designed to be able to be replaced independently of the other subunits. Therefore, substituting one test for another will likely consist of substituting one subunit for another.
The sensors 66 may be fused array sensors capable of collecting multiple information in parallel or multiplexed. Fused array sensors are well known. The information collected can include the results of any type of test, such as X-ray, terahertz, gamma ray, RF, chemical, nuclear radiation, and current information.
The computing unit (40) includes a processor (42), a memory (44), and a power source (46). By using a multi-variable method, such as the method described with respect to Figure 3, the computing unit (40) determines the risk factor, which indicates the probability that an object contains a dangerous item. The computing unit (40) has a communication interface (50) through which it can send visual and / or auditory alerts in any communication mode, preferably wirelessly, if an object is likely to contain a dangerous item. There is also at least one open interface (95) that allows the computing unit (40) to communicate with another apparatus, such as a platform for a human portal system or a platform for biometric inputs. The open interface (95) can allow wired or wireless connections to these other devices.
The results of chemical analysis tests can be sent directly from the collector plate in the chemical analysis subunit (30) to the computing unit (40). However, if so desired the data from the collector plate can be sent to one or more sensors (66) in the object unit (60) and sent to the computing unit (40) indirectly from the sensors (66). When using other methods, such as passive sensors, the particles can be directed directly at the sensors (66). Other data, such as X-ray data, is collected by the sensors (66) and sent to the computing unit (40). As used herein, the term "sensors" includes any type of device that is capable of carrying out a physical or electrical measurement and generating an output signal for the computing unit (40), such as sensors. (66) in the object unit (20) and the collector plate in the chemical analysis subunit (30).
Although in Figure 2 the test unit (20), the computation unit (40) and the object unit (60) are shown as three separate components, this division is conceptual and the physical units do not necessarily have to correspond to this conceptual division. For example, all three units can be contained in a box, or the test unit (20) and the object unit (60) can be contained in the same box, while the computing unit (40) is in a remote location.
Figure 3 is a block diagram illustrating the modules of the computing unit (40) for the execution of a dangerous item identification method. As described above, the unit of
ES 2 394 713 T3 computing (40) receives inputs from the test unit (20) and / or the object unit (60). These inputs originate as raw data collected by the sensors (66) and / or the collector plate in ion mobility spectrometry (or other chemical sensor). As shown in the diagram, the method of the invention uses a set of functional modules (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 206 and 208) to process the various inputs from the sensors (66) and the sensor in the test unit (20) (for example, the collector plate). Using these modules, the values of various parameters are calculated, such as texture, density, electrical conductivity, molecular classification, location classification, radiation classification, visual classification, biological classification, and biometric classification for the object (62). When the object 62 is something like a bag containing multiple components, the components can be automatically divided according to their texture, density, conductivity, etc., so that each component is classified independently.
In the particular embodiment of the hazardous item identification method shown in Figure 3, the results of the detection by active radiation (for example, X-rays) are used for the determination of the texture classification, the classification of density, shape context classification, location classification, and visual classification. The radioactivity level of the object can be determined for radiation classification. Current data or induced electromagnetic field responses are used for parameters such as texture classification, conductivity classification, and location classification. The magnetic response is used to calculate parameters such as molecular classification, density classification, and location classification. Any result of the chemical analysis is used for molecular classification. The output signals from the sensors (66) and the output signals from the chemical analysis subunit (30) are fed to the different modules in parallel, so that the values for all the parameters of the test can be determined substantially simultaneously. classification areas, such as texture, density, etc.
After determining the parameters based on the values and functions of each of these classification areas, the values are collectively processed in a multivariate data matrix module (300) to generate a risk factor. The multivariate data matrix (300) orders the plurality of classification parameters from the function matrices (116, 118, 120, 122, 124, 126, 128, 206, 208 and 210) into a data matrix n -dimensional. For example, the matrix of visual classification functions (124) will produce numerous display data [V] as a function of number of (1 ... n) and measurement and angles (Φ), depending on the number of rotations performed by the grapple mechanism (64), so a data form would be V = ί (Φ) n. Likewise, a series of display data [V] in relation to the density parameters [D] at each angle (Φ) would produce the set of parameters V = f (D, Φ, n). Another set of parameters fed into the multivariate data matrix (300) would be the conductivity classifications from the conductivity classification function matrix (120) and would similarly produce a set of interrelated parameters, for example a conductivity [Z] with varying intensities (i) as a function of location (1), yielding a set of Z = f (i, l). These three examples of functions, V = ^ Φ, n), V = f (D, Φ, n) and Z = f (i, l) would be arranged in the multivariate data matrix (300) in such a way that they would provide multiple attributes for specific three-dimensional locations, as well as global attributes via the inspected object. More generally, all sort function matrix blocks will produce a large number of parameter sets, such that an n-dimensional parameter matrix is produced for processing in block 310.
The n-dimensional parameter matrix generated in block (310) allows a large number of calculations and the processing of dependent and interdependent parameters to be performed in block (310). The parameters of the multivariate data matrix module (300) are subjected to the hazard determination functions, which include the execution of hybrid calculation sets. Hybrid calculations include combinations of rule-based and non-heuristic methods (eg, neural networks or other artificial intelligence (AI) -based algorithms) and comparison of the results with real-world knowledge criteria and conditions (block 310). In some embodiments, an example of a rule-based decision will combine testing of some or all of the parameters relative to thresholds. For example, a condition like “If the texture classification T ^, L) n> 3, the density classification D ^, L) n> 4, the conductivity classification Z (i, l) n> 4, the location> 3 and radiation classification> 1 ”could be used as a condition to determine a type of risk factor and possibly generate an alert . The calculations can be any simple or complex combination of the individual parameter values calculated by the test block 310 in order to determine the sets of risk factors. The risk factor sets represent different categories of hazards that are likely to be present on the object. For example, there may be a category of hazard functions associated with the probability of a biological event that would produce a risk factor for this category; There may also be a category of hazard functions associated with the probability of an explosive hazard that would produce a risk factor for the explosives category, and there may even be a category of hazard functions associated with an overall probability evoked by a combination of attributes. which is not necessarily specific to the type of material. Different calculations can produce a number of risk factors within each category. Hazard functions include test conditions and apply criteria based on pre-existing real-world knowledge of hazard identification signs and signal combinations.
ES 2 394 713 T3
If a risk factor high enough to meet the predefined set of hazard thresholds is determined, depending on the implementation, the location, quantity and type of dangerous item can be estimated (block 320), and a alert (block 330). Whether the risk factor is high enough to trigger the alert depends on the sensitivity setting in the system, which has a default setting but can be reconfigured by the user. The term "alert" can include a visual or auditory signal to notify the operator that a dangerous item may have been identified, and can also include other operational actions such as closing / locking the door (61) on the object unit (60 ). Optionally, a signal (eg, a green light) can be generated to indicate that an object does not contain dangerous items (block 325).
Figure 4 is an exemplary embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system (10) that includes a single test unit (20) and multiple object units (60a-60e). As shown, the test unit (20) is centrally located with respect to the object units (60), such that the test unit (20) can test an object independently of the object unit in the one found. Preferably, there is a rotation mechanism in the test unit 20 that allows adjustment of the direction of the test beam, etc., depending on the object being tested. Once all the object units have been filled, the test unit performs tests on the objects by progressively rotating between each object unit (60), as shown by the arrows. Some tests are done sequentially. For example, if an X-ray test is carried out, the X-ray beam is directed sequentially from the test unit 20 to the multiple object units 60a-60e, for example in a predetermined order. However, other tests are performed simultaneously for the multiple object units (60a-60e). For example, if a chemical analysis test is carried out, a sample can be taken from each object in the multiple object units (60a-60e) simultaneously, as each object unit has its own rotating flow device. (32), gripping mechanism (64) and particle acquisition pores (63). Accordingly, depending on the tests that are included in the specific embodiment, the general tests may be partially sequential and partially simultaneous for the multiple object units (60a-60e). All test data is sent to computing unit 40, preferably as soon as it is obtained.
The output signals of the sensors (66) (and the collector plate of the chemical analysis subunit (30), if applicable) can be processed by a single computing unit (40) or a plurality of computing units (40) . When a single computing unit (40) is used, the computing unit (40) keeps the objects separated in a way that produces five different results, one for each object (62).
The embodiment of Figure 4 allows rapid processing of multiple objects compared to the current security control system, where passengers form a single line and objects (eg a bag) are processed one by one. Therefore, all the tests that are incorporated into the test unit 20 can be carried out for each of the objects in the object units 60a-60e without compromising the traffic flow.
The multi-hazard detection system (10) of Figure 4 can be designed as a modular unit, such that the number of object units (60) can be adjusted. Consequently, if a first area is receiving heavy traffic, while the traffic in a second area has slowed down, some of the object units in the second area can be used for the first area by simply separating them from a test unit. (20) and join them to another test unit (20). This flexibility also translates into additional cost savings for public entities using the multi-hazard detection system (10). The object units (60a-60e) are substantially identical to each other.
Likewise, the platform on which the object (62) is placed in the object unit (60) may have a sensor, such as a weight sensor, which indicates to the test unit (20) whether the object unit particular (60) is in use or not. Therefore, if only the object units (60a, 60b, 60d and 60e) are used for some reason, the test unit (20) will not waste time sending test beams and collecting samples from the empty object unit (60c ), and the system (10) will automatically optimize its test protocols.
Although this specific embodiment shows the units with hexagonal shapes for a honeycomb configuration, this is only an example and this does not constitute a limitation of the invention.
Figure 5 is a block diagram showing test unit 20 and object units 60a-60e. In this specific embodiment, a single computing unit (40) is used for all object units (60a-60e). Each of the object units (60a-60e) contains a motion device, such as a mechanical mechanism, a multi-axis manipulator, a robotic mechanism or a conveyor belt, and a sensor array, as described above. with respect to Figure 2. The test unit (20) has four subunits: an ionized radiation source subunit, a chemical analysis subunit, a non-ionizing radiation source subunit, and a magnetic field induction subunit. Each of the object units (60a-60e) is coupled to the test unit (20) and to the computing unit (40).
ES 2 394 713 T3
Figure 6 constitutes another embodiment of the multiple hazard detection system (10) in which the object is a human being (or any other animal). In the specific embodiment shown, the test unit (20) has two object units (60a and 60b) attached to it. Of course, radiation-related tests should be used with caution, choosing the appropriate radiation parameters when the “objects” being tested are human beings. If desired, a camera can be installed somewhere in the testing unit (20) or the object unit (60a and / or 60b) to obtain images of objects in order to obtain a biometric classification and / or transmit images to an operator.
Figure 7 is yet another embodiment of the multi-hazard detection system (10) for testing inanimate objects and humans. This specific embodiment has the testing unit (20) with five object units (60a-60e) for testing inanimate objects and a portal (60f) through which humans or animals pass. The test unit (20) tests objects and humans found in each of the object units (60a-60f). In some situations where the object unit (60f) is placed too far from the test unit (20), a separate test unit can be used for the object unit (60f). However, all object units and both test units would still feed signals to a single computing unit (40).
The invention enables the detection of dangerous items with greater precision compared to the system currently in use. While currently available systems use a sequence of independent equipment, and each of these equipment uses a single test and generates a test result that is based solely on that test, the system of this invention is based on a combination of a single test. plurality of parameters. Therefore, while a bomb that has a low level of explosives and a small amount of conductive material may not be detected by the current system because both materials are present in amounts below threshold levels, this object could be detected by the system of the invention, since the presence of a certain combination of indicative materials and adjacent parameters included in the hazard determination functions could trigger an alarm. The use of combinations of parameters allows greater flexibility and greater precision in detecting the presence of dangerous items.
The invention also allows the detection of a non-specific dangerous article. This is a difference from the current system that targets specific items / materials, such as explosives, drugs, weapons, etc. By detecting the presence of a general combination of potentially hazardous materials, the system of the invention makes it more difficult for new hazardous novel devices to pass through the security system.
Contents6
6 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6
53 members in 13 offices
Priority claims19
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 608689P | United States of America | – | |
| 60868904 | United States of America | P | |
| 60868904 | United States of America | P | |
| 680313P | United States of America | – | |
| 68031305 | United States of America | P | |
| 68031305 | United States of America | P | |
| 223494 | United States of America | – | |
| 22349405 | United States of America | A | |
| 22349405 | United States of America | A | |
| 2005032690 | United States of America | W | |
| 2005032690 | United States of America | W | |
| 223494 | – | – | – |
| 608689P | – | – | – |
| 680313P | – | – | – |
| PCTUS2005032690 | – | – | – |
| US20040608689P | – | – | – |
| US20050223494 | – | – | – |
| US20050680313P | – | – | – |
| WO2005US32690 | – | – | – |
Members53
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| US2006243071A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CA2582375A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2007013879A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2007013879A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| IL181842A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| EP1810260A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| MX2007002982A | Mexico | A | |
| CN101084428A | China | A | |
| US7337686B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP2008512689A | Japan | A | |
| BRPI0515157A | Brazil | A | |
| US2008196518A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| RU2007113185A | Russian Federation | A | |
| WO2009134496A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2009134496A9 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A9 | |
| WO2009158044A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| WO2009134496A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| WO2009158044A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| EP1810260A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| RU2399955C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| EP2250633A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP2257902A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| IL207382A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| IL207383A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| IL181842A | Israel | A | |
| EP2257902A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| IL212000A0 | Israel | A0 | |
| US2011167936A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN101084428B | China | B | |
| EP2387013A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP2387014A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US8113071B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| CN102435758A | China | A | |
| US8196482B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| IL211999A | Israel | A | |
| EP1810260B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT1810260E | Portugal | E | |
| ES2394713T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| PL1810260T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| EP2387013B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT2387013E | Portugal | E | |
| ES2430563T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| EP2387014B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PL2387013T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| PT2387014E | Portugal | E | |
| ES2453980T3 | Spain | T3 | |
| PL2387014T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| CA2582375C | Canada | C | |
| BRPI0515157B1 | Brazil | B1 | |
| BRPI0515157B8 | Brazil | B8 | |
| EP2250633A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| IL207382A | Israel | A | |
| IL207382B | Israel | B |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2394713
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2394713
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2394713T
- Application
- 5858411
- Application, DOCDB
- 05858411
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20050858411T
Titles2
- Spanish
- Sistema de detección de múltiples peligros
- English
- Multiple hazard detection system
Classification
- CPC, 3
- G01N35/0099
- G01N2001/024
- G01V11/00
- IPC, 4
- G01N35 00
- G01V11 00
- G01M99 00
- G01N27 62