An electrical bus system
Abstract
An electric public transport system, comprising an electrically driven bus, equipped with a battery pack in housing and a control system mounted on the bus; an electric charging station, located in a predetermined location for electrically charging battery assemblies in cases; and a loading and unloading apparatus; in which, when the bus needs to change the battery pack into a card, the loading and unloading device discharges the battery pack into a bus card and charges a battery pack in an electrically charged card into the bus; The electric charging station is equipped with a charging control system, and the loading and unloading apparatus is equipped with a charging and unloading control system; the charge and discharge control system, the bus-mounted control system and the electric charge control system are capable of intercommunication; characterized in that, with this, when the loading and unloading control system receives a signal sent from the bus mounting control system, belonging to the bus, indicating that the bus will return to the electric charging station, the apparatus loading and unloading travels to a predetermined position, in correspondence with the bus, at the electric charging station, and waits; and when the bus arrives at the predetermined position, the loading and unloading apparatus exchanges or replaces the battery pack in an enclosure with an electrically charged battery pack, so that the bus is capable of operating on the line in a manner keep going.

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Projected expiry passed 29 November 2024, 1.8 years ago.
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27 claims: 9 independent, 18 dependent
- 1ES 2 392 974 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. - Un sistema de transporte público eléctrico, que comprende un autobús impulsado eléctricamente, equipado con un conjunto de batería en cajeta y un sistema de control montado en el autobús;una estación de carga eléctrica, emplazada en un lugar predeterminado para cargar eléctricamente conjuntos de baterías en cajetas;y un aparato de carga y descarga;en el cual, cuando el autobús necesita cambiar el conjunto de batería en cajeta, el aparato de carga y descarga descarga el conjunto de batería en cajeta del autobús y carga en el autobús un conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado;la estación de carga eléctrica está equipada con un sistema de control de carga, y el aparato de carga y descarga está equipado con un sistema de control de carga y descarga;el sistema de control de carga y descarga, el sistema de control montado en el autobús y el sistema de control de carga eléctrica son capaces de intercomunicarse;caracterizado por que, con ello, cuando el sistema de control de carga y descarga recibe una señal enviada desde el sistema de control de montaje en autobús, perteneciente al autobús, indicando que el autobús va a regresar a la estación de carga eléctrica, el aparato de carga y descarga se desplaza hasta una posición predeterminada, en correspondencia con el autobús, en la estación de carga eléctrica, y espera;y cuando el autobús llega a la posición predeterminada, el aparato de carga y descarga intercambia o sustituye el conjunto de batería en cajeta por un conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado, por lo que el autobús es capaz de funcionar en la línea de manera continua.
- 2- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el cual el sistema de control montado en el autobús incluye a menos un controlador lógico programable, PLC, de manera que, una vez que el aparato de carga y descarga ha completado el intercambio de conjuntos de baterías en cajetas, el sistema de control montado en el autobús realiza un control para bloquear el conjunto de batería en cajeta y completar la conexión eléctrica completa dentro del autobús;el autobús tiene un chasis especial equipado con un bastidor en suspensión destinado a sujetar el conjunto de batería en cajeta, de tal manera que el bastidor en suspensión está equipado con unos rodillos capaces de acoplarse o contactar con el conjunto de batería en cajeta, y con unos medios de conexión eléctrica para implementar la conexión eléctrica con el conjunto de batería en cajeta;el bastidor en suspensión está equipado, de manera adicional, con al menos dos medios de bloqueo;de tal modo que cada uno de los medios de bloqueo incluye un motor, un engranaje reductor y unos medios de presión de barra roscada accionados por el engranaje reductor;y en el cual, cuando el conjunto de batería en cajeta es insertado en una cavidad del bastidor en suspensión situado en el chasis especial, y colocado, se efectúa un control en los medios de bloqueo por parte del sistema de control montado en el autobús, para bloquear el conjunto de batería en cajeta en el bastidor en suspensión, de tal manera que se garantiza la seguridad del autobús durante su funcionamiento.
- 3- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el cual el sistema de control montado en el autobús incluye al menos un controlador lógico programable, PLC, el bus tiene un bastidor con una estructura del tipo de cercha, la estructura del tipo de cercha está formada por un esqueleto o armazón completo, de manera que se forma un cuerpo integral completo, y existe un bastidor en suspensión, colocado en un chasis del bastidor con el fin de contener el conjunto de batería en cajeta, y equipado, a ambos lados del bastidor del bastidor en suspensión con unos rodillos, unos medios de bloqueo, unos medios de colocación y unos medios de unión destinados a acoplarse con el aparato de carga y descarga.
- 4- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el cual ES 2 392 974 T3 el autobús está equipado, de manera adicional, con unos medios de arranque auxiliares;los medios de arranque auxiliares incluyen condensadores y un motor auxiliar, de manera que la característica de carga y descarga de alta relación de potencias de los condensadores se utiliza para almacenar la energía producida durante el frenado eléctrico para su uso por parte del motor auxiliar, y el sistema de control montado en el autobús determina si la velocidad en ese momento del autobús es o no cero, y si la velocidad se está acelerando desde cero, se pone en marcha el motor auxiliar para ayudar a un motor principal del autobús a arrancar el autobús con una corriente de arranque reducida.
- 5- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el cual el autobús está equipado, adicionalmente, con unos medios de frenado en dos grados;de tal manera que, cuando un conductor pisa ligeramente un pedal de freno, un motor principal del autobús se convierte en un generador con el fin de transformar la energía cinética de inercia del autobús en energía eléctrica, la cual se carga en un condensador montado en el autobús para su almacenamiento, por medio de un controlador de carga eléctrica de un sistema de frenado eléctrico;y cuando el conductor pisa más profundamente el pedal de freno, se pone en marcha un sistema de freno neumático para frenar el autobús, de tal manera que el sistema de freno neumático incluye un motor, una bomba de aire y un recipiente de gas.
- 6- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 4, en el cual el autobús está equipado, de manera adicional, con unos medios de frenado en dos grados;de tal modo que, cuando un conductor pisa ligeramente un pedal de freno, un motor principal del autobús se convierte en un generador con el fin de transformar la energía cinética de inercia del autobús en energía eléctrica, la cual se carga en un condensador montado en el autobús para su almacenamiento, por medio de un controlador de carga eléctrica de un sistema de frenado eléctrico;y cuando el conductor pisa más profundamente el pedal de freno, se pone en marcha un sistema de freno neumático para frenar el autobús, de tal manera que el sistema de freno neumático incluye un motor, una bomba de aire y un recipiente de gas.
- 7- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el cual el conjunto de batería en cajeta incluye un alojamiento destinado a contener unidades de batería, una pluralidad de grupos de unidades de batería conectados entre sí mediante cables dentro del alojamiento, y unos enchufes situados en el alojamiento;la pluralidad de grupos de unidades de batería están separados por compartimentaciones, cada grupo de unidades de batería comprende una pluralidad de unidades de batería, de tal modo que las unidades de batería y los grupos de unidades de batería están conectados eléctricamente por cables a unas barras de los enchufes;y el alojamiento del conjunto de batería en cajeta está equipado, de manera adicional, con unos medios de colocación, unos medios de bloqueo y unas tapas susceptibles de abrirse, de tal modo que los medios de colocación y los medios de bloqueo se utilizan para colocar y bloquear, respectivamente, el alojamiento en el autobús, y las tapas susceptibles de abrirse están montadas por encima de las aberturas de las cavidades de los enchufes.
- 8- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3, en el cual el autobús cambia el conjunto de batería en cajeta cuando la profundidad de descarga del conjunto de batería en cajeta es aproximadamente del 60% al 80%.
- 9- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 2, en el cual los medios de conexión eléctrica consisten en unos medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina que comprenden una pluralidad de mordazas de guillotina y unos medios de mordaza de árbol de levas, por lo que, cuando los medios de mordaza de árbol de levas se encuentran en la posición abierta, las mordazas de guillotina se aflojan y el conjunto de batería en cajeta es capaz de desplazarse dentro o fuera de una cavidad del bastidor en suspensión con facilidad, y cuando los medios de mordaza de árbol de levas se encuentran en una posición de abrazamiento fuerte, las mordazas de guillotina abrazan las barras de los enchufes del conjunto de batería en cajeta para implementar la conexión eléctrica.
- 10- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el cual ES 2 392 974 T3 la estación de carga incluye, de manera adicional, un cargador eléctrico y un aparato de seguimiento autónomo de la red de suministro de energía, destinado a buscar valles de consumo eléctrico;de tal modo que el sistema de control de carga eléctrica es un controlador lógico programable;y el controlador lógico programable, basándose en datos de tensión de la red de suministro de energía para cada periodo explorado por el aparato de seguimiento autónomo de la red de suministro de energía, en todo momento, controla el cargador eléctrico para que cargue eléctricamente el conjunto de batería en cajeta durante los valles de consumo eléctrico de la red de suministro de energía, y para mantener una carga eléctrica flotante, o con almacenamiento intermedio, al conjunto de batería en cajeta durante el resto del tiempo.
- 11- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3 y 9, en el cual la estación de carga eléctrica incluye, de manera adicional, unos cargadores, un estante de carga eléctrica destinado a contener conjuntos de baterías en cajetas, y un aparato de seguimiento autónomo de la red de suministro de energía, destinado a buscar los valles de consumo eléctrico;de manera que los cargadores eléctricos comprenden un cargador eléctrico de alta tensión y un cargador eléctrico de baja tensión;el sistema de control de carga eléctrica es un controlador lógico programable;y el controlador lógico programable, basándose en los datos de tensión de la red de suministro de energía para cada periodo explorado por el aparato de seguimiento autónomo de la red de suministro de energía, en todo momento, controla los cargadores eléctricos para que carguen eléctricamente el conjunto de batería en cajeta durante los valles de consumo eléctrico de la red de suministro de energía, y para mantener una carga eléctrica flotante, o con almacenamiento intermedio, al conjunto de batería en cajeta durante el resto del tiempo.
- 12- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 11, en el cual el estante de carga eléctrica está equipado, adicionalmente, con unos medios de muestreo, un dispositivo de presentación visual de la capacidad, destinado a mostrar la capacidad del conjunto de batería en cajeta, y unos medios de medición y control de la temperatura;los medios de medición y control de la temperatura pueden ajustar la temperatura del interior del estante de carga eléctrica;y el estante de carga eléctrica incluye, de manera adicional, cavidades para contener conjuntos de baterías en cajetas, de tal manera que el estante de carga eléctrica está equipado, adicionalmente, con unos medios de conexión eléctrica destinados a conectarse eléctricamente con los conjuntos de baterías en cajetas, unos medios de rueda de guiado y unos medios de unión destinados a unirse con el aparato de carga y descarga.
- 13- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 11, en el cual la estación de carga eléctrica comprende, de manera adicional, una pluralidad de estantes de carga eléctrica y una pluralidad de aparatos de carga y descarga para llevar a cabo la carga, la descarga y la carga eléctrica de conjuntos de baterías en cajetas para una pluralidad de autobuses de forma simultánea.
- 14- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 12, en el cual los medios de conexión eléctrica consisten en unos medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina que comprenden una pluralidad de mordazas de guillotina y unos medios de mordaza de árbol de levas, por lo que, cuando los medios de mordaza de árbol de levas se encuentran en la posición abierta, las mordazas de guillotina se aflojan y el conjunto de batería en cajeta es capaz de desplazarse dentro o fuera de una cavidad del estante de carga con facilidad, y cuando los medios de mordaza de árbol de levas se encuentran en una posición de abrazamiento fuerte, las mordazas de guillotina abrazan las barras de los enchufes del conjunto de batería en cajeta para implementar la conexión eléctrica.
- 15- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 9 o la reivindicación 10, en el cual los medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina incluyen un estator, un dispositivo de accionamiento y un árbol de soporte hecho de material metálico conductor, un árbol de levas con levas hechas de material aislante, y un motor de accionamiento;de tal modo que, una vez que el conjunto de batería en cajeta se ha insertado dentro de la cavidad para el conjunto de batería en cajeta del autobús, y se ha colocado de forma precisa, el sistema de control montado en el autobús ES 2 392 974 T3 envía una señal para controlar el árbol de levas accionado por el motor de accionamiento, a fin de hacer que el estator y el dispositivo de accionamiento de los medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina abracen estrechamente la barra;y cuando necesita cambiarse el conjunto de batería en cajeta, el sistema de control montado en el autobús envía una instrucción para relajar los medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina, y entonces el dispositivo de accionamiento se abre para llevar a cabo un enchufe y un desenchufe sin resistencia de una sección de contacto de alta tensión de los medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina, y para garantizar una inserción o una extracción suaves del conjunto de batería en cajeta.
- 16- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 15, en el cual los medios de contacto de mordaza de guillotina incluyen una sección de contacto de alta tensión y una sección de contacto de baja tensión;de tal manera que la sección de contacto de alta tensión está destinada, tras ser conectada, a proporcionar una potencia de alta tensión a un motor principal del autobús;y la sección de contacto de baja tensión está destinada, tras ser conectada, a proporcionar una potencia de baja tensión a otros aparatos eléctricos del autobús que necesitan potencia de baja tensión.
- 17- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3 y 10, en el cual el sistema de control de carga y descarga incluye al menos un controlador lógico programable, PLC, destinado a controlar el aparato de carga y descarga para que lleve a cabo el intercambio de conjuntos de baterías en cajetas;y el aparato de carga y descarga es de una estructura de brazo mecánico que incluye una plataforma móvil, una bandeja y unos medios de elevación;de tal modo que los medios de elevación son para elevar la bandeja.
- 18- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 17, en el cual los brazos mecánicos incluyen, de manera adicional, una plataforma rotativa, un mecanismo rotativo y unos medios de accionamiento para impulsar la plataforma rotativa;y la plataforma rotativa está colocada sobre la plataforma móvil y puede rotar sobre la plataforma móvil con el fin de insertar en el autobús un conjunto de batería en cajeta cargado y/o suministrar un conjunto de batería en cajeta usado o averiado al estante de carga eléctrica o a una plataforma de reparación emplazada en la estación de carga eléctrica.
- 19- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 17, en el cual los medios de elevación incluyen, de manera adicional, un sistema de elevación que comprende dos conjuntos de brazos de elevación y medios de accionamiento;los brazos mecánicos y el estante de carga eléctrica están colocados, ambos, bajo el terreno de la estación de carga eléctrica;de manera que, mientras el autobús está regresando a la estación de carga eléctrica, uno de los conjuntos de brazos de elevación extrae con antelación un conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado, en correspondencia con el autobús, y se desplaza hasta la posición predeterminada correspondiente al autobús, y espera;cuando el autobús se detiene en una posición predeterminada, el otro conjunto de los brazos de elevación toma del autobús el conjunto de batería en cajeta usado y desciende hasta una capa del estante de carga eléctrica correspondiente al conjunto de batería en cajeta, y el primer conjunto de los brazos de elevación, con el conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado en los brazos, se desplaza acercándose a la cavidad para el conjunto de batería en cajeta del autobús y empuja a su interior el conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado;y el otro conjunto de los brazos de elevación, con el conjunto de batería en cajeta usado, coloca el conjunto de batería en cajeta usado dentro de la capa correspondiente.
- 20- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 19, en el cual los brazos mecánicos incluyen, adicionalmente, unos sensores para detectar las posiciones del autobús y de los conjuntos de baterías en cajetas eléctricamente cargados que se han de tomar del estante de carga eléctrica;y ES 2 392 974 T3 se han colocado unos sensores en diferentes posiciones de los brazos mecánicos, en una dirección vertical de elevación, y del estante de carga eléctrica en correspondencia, a fin de colocar libremente la bandeja en cualquier capa del estante de carga eléctrica,
- 21- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-3, 9 y 10, de manera que el sistema de transporte público eléctrico incluye, adicionalmente, un centro de control;de tal modo que el centro de control comprende un PC y/o al menos un controlador lógico programable, PLC;y el centro de control está situado en la estación de carga eléctrica y puede intercomunicarse con el sistema de control de carga eléctrica.
- 22- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 21, en el cual el sistema de control de carga y el centro de control pueden compartir el mismo controlador lógico programable.
- 23- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1-3 y 9, de tal modo que el sistema de transporte público eléctrico incluye, adicionalmente, un sistema de servicio de despacho y rescate;de manera que el sistema de servicio de despacho y rescate tiene al menos un vehículo de servicio urgente;el vehículo de servicio de despacho y rescate está equipado con un soporte de batería de montaje en el autobús y un dispositivo de transferencia de batería;el dispositivo de transferencia de batería tiene una cavidad, unos brazos de unión y unos medios de accionamiento, de manera que el dispositivo de transferencia de batería se utiliza para tomar del autobús un conjunto de batería en cajeta averiado e insertar en el autobús un conjunto de batería en cajeta de repuesto;y los brazos de unión y los medios de accionamiento se utilizan para unir el dispositivo de transferencia de batería con una posición opuesta para el alojamiento del conjunto de batería en cajeta en el chasis del autobús.
- 24- El sistema de transporte público eléctrico de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1-3, 9 y 10, de tal modo que el sistema de transporte público eléctrico incluye, de manera adicional, un aparato de carga y descarga urgente que comprende un mecanismo de elevación de tijera, unos medios de accionamiento hidráulicos, una bandeja para conjunto de batería en cajeta, unas ruedas principales impulsadas por unos medios de propulsión, unas ruedas auxiliares conducidas de forma manual, y un mango;de modo que el conjunto de batería en cajeta está equipado, adicionalmente, con unos medios de unión y unos medios de traslado;y los medios de traslado consisten en una horquilla accionada por una cadena, de manera que pueden trasladar el conjunto de batería en cajeta desde una cavidad para el conjunto de batería en cajeta del autobús hasta la bandeja de los brazos mecánicos, o entregar el conjunto de batería en cajeta al interior de la cavidad para el conjunto de batería en cajeta del autobús.
- 25- Un método para hacer funcionar un sistema de transporte público eléctrico, que comprende las etapas de:hacer funcionar un autobús impulsado eléctricamente y equipado con un conjunto de batería en cajeta y un sistema de control montado en el autobús;emplazar una estación de carga eléctrica en un lugar predeterminado, con conjuntos de baterías en cajetas cargados o que se están cargando eléctricamente;caracterizado por enviar una señal de regreso desde el autobús a la estación de carga eléctrica cuando el autobús necesita cambiar el conjunto de batería en cajeta;trasladar un conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado, en la estación de carga eléctrica, hasta una posición predeterminada, en correspondencia con el autobús en la estación de carga eléctrica, mientras el autobús está regresando a la estación de carga eléctrica;y descargar del autobús el conjunto de batería en cajeta cuando el autobús llega a la posición predeterminada, y cargar en el autobús el conjunto de batería en cajeta eléctricamente cargado que espera en la posición predeterminada;ES 2 392 974 T3 por lo que el autobús funciona en la línea de manera continua.
- 26- El método de acuerdo con la reivindicación 25, de manera que el método comprende, adicionalmente, las etapas de:detectar el estado operativo de las unidades de batería del conjunto de batería en cajeta;detectar, cuando se ha detectado que una unidad de batería o un grupo de unidades de batería del conjunto de batería en cajetas son incapaces de funcionar, si el resto de unidades de batería del conjunto de batería en cajeta es capaz de dar soporte al autobús para que regrese a la estación de carga eléctrica;si es así, enviar una señal de aviso a un conductor del autobús para que conduzca el autobús hasta la estación de carga eléctrica;y si no, enviar una señal de rescate a la estación de carga eléctrica.
- 27- Un método para cargar eléctricamente los conjuntos de baterías en cajetas del sistema de transporte eléctrico de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, que comprende las etapas de:leer datos del conjunto de batería en cajeta por parte del sistema de control de carga eléctrica;determinar si una red de suministro de energía que se está utilizando se encuentra en valles o no, mediante un aparato de seguimiento autónomo de la red de suministro de energía;si es así, cargar eléctricamente el conjunto de batería en cajeta a plena corriente hasta que el conjunto de batería en cajeta se haya cargado por completo, y, a continuación, el conjunto de batería en cajeta con una corriente flotante, o de almacenamiento intermedio, cuando se determina que el conjunto de batería en cajeta se ha cargado eléctricamente por completo;y si no, cargar eléctricamente el conjunto de batería en cajeta con corriente flotante;por lo que el conjunto de batería en cajeta está siendo eléctricamente cargado al menos con corriente flotante todo el tiempo, excepto al ser utilizado en el autobús.
Independent claims27
153 paragraphs in 10 sections, as filed
ES 2 392 974 T3
DESCRIPTION
An electric bus system
TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an electric public transport or transit system, especially an electric transport system comprising an electrically powered or powered bus, equipped with a battery box assembly, as well as a control system mounted on the bus, a charging and discharging apparatus, an electric charging station designed to electrically charge battery packs in boxes, and an urgent service system.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
As the oil crisis and environmental pollution get worse, more innovative vehicles have been designed in recent years that contemplate energy saving and environmental protection, and attempts have been made to replace gasoline or diesel vehicles, for example , by vehicles with natural gas, hydrogen or methyl alcohol as fuel, or with fuel cells, solar, electric or multi-fuel energy, etc. In terms of overall performance, the electric vehicle is the most outstanding among them, and constitutes a new type of means of transport that could possibly replace the “internal combustion engine”. At present, many countries in the world have devoted great efforts and resources to the research and development of electric vehicles. Some advanced countries in the automotive industry, such as the USA, Japan and Germany, are leading the way in research and development of electric vehicles. Some governments try to promote the use of electric vehicles through legislation and administration. For example, California and New York, in the USA, try to require large automakers to market 20% of environmentally friendly vehicles, which have no exhaust gases at all, in their total sales for 1999. Only electric vehicles can meet such demands on the basis of the present level of scientific and technical development. However, the rate or proportion of the sales of such products is only 2% or less in the automobile market in 2000, which cannot not offer the result of a large and economical scale in manufacturing. Consequently, many designs remain in the stage of sample products or prototypes, such as the EV-1 and S-10, manufactured by the General Motors Corporation, the ecom, manufactured by the Toyota Motor Corporation, the EV-plus, manufactured by the Honda Motor Corporation, the “glowworm”, manufactured by the National Institute for Environmental Studies of Japan, and other electric vehicles manufactured by the most famous automotive factories in the world, such as Ford, Citroen, Nissan, Daihatsu, etc. Continuous running on a single electrical charge is an important performance index for previous products. The Chrysler-made TEVAN with an 810kg nickel-cadmium battery can run 130km on a single charge, and the EV-1 can only run on a single charge from 120km to 140km. A KAZ car recently developed in Japan can go 300 km on a single charge.
What, therefore, are the main reasons that justify an increase in the population of electric vehicles?
First of all, the mileage or autonomy on a single electric charge is not long enough, since the energy of all types of batteries today is too low to reach a long journey on a single charge.
Second, the charging time is too long. At present, fast charging will reduce the capacity and life of a battery regardless of the type of battery. What's more, it still takes several hours for a fast charge. On the other hand, the cost will be greatly increased if charging is done during the peak period of power consumption. And, therefore, the efficiency of the use of electric vehicles will be reduced.
Third, most research institutions also pay attention to the research and development of powerful new batteries, such as nickel-hydrogen battery, lithium-ion battery, sodium sulfur battery, battery lithium sulfur, lithium iron, and lithium polymer battery, etc. On the other hand, consumers could not bear the high cost of such batteries as a result of research costs and lower demand.
The electric vehicles mentioned above can run an average of about 100 km per day per charge, resulting in low operating efficiency. Consequently, it has been predicted that electric vehicles could be popularized and applied on a large scale only after batteries with an energy ratio greater than 200 and low cost have been developed, and a short charging time has been achieved.
At present, public communication systems are being promoted in large cities. Reducing the
ES 2 392 974 T3 ratio between road traffic and population is a common goal of all big city governments. More measures are provided, such as the establishment of special lanes for communication vehicles or public transport. Among today's public transport vehicles, the trolleybus and electrically powered light rail vehicles will place high pressure on the electricity grid if they are developed in large proportions, and current electrically powered vehicles will result in great pressure on the electricity supply. financing of the city as a result of high costs. Cities with less financing capacity cannot choose public transport systems such as the subway and light rail, and with buses with “internal combustion engines” in large numbers there are other problems, such as air pollution, the effect greenhouse and the potential danger of fires and explosions.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to solve the problem that the electric bus has not become popular and applied on a large scale as a consequence of high operating cost and low efficiency, the present invention provides a public transit or transport system comprising:
an electrically powered or powered bus, equipped with a boxed battery pack and a bus-mounted control system;
an electrical charging station, located at a predetermined location for electrically charging battery packs in casings; and a loading and unloading apparatus; such that when the bus needs to change the battery box set, the charging and discharging apparatus unloads the battery box set from the bus and charges an electrically charged battery box set onto the bus;
the electric charging station and the charging and discharging apparatus are equipped, respectively, with their control systems;
the loading and unloading control system, the bus-mounted control system, and the electrical load control system are capable of communicating with each other, or intercommunicating;
Therefore, when the loading and unloading control system receives a signal sent from the control system mounted on the bus, belonging to the bus, indicating that the bus is going to return to the electric charging station, the charging device and unloading moves to a predetermined position in correspondence with the bus, at the electric charging station, and waits;
When the bus reaches the predetermined position, the loading and unloading apparatus operates by exchanging sets of batteries in casings, such that the bus operates continuously online.
The bus-mounted control system may include at least one programmable logic controller, PLC ("programmable logic controller"). Once the charging and discharging apparatus completes the exchange of cased battery packs, the bus-mounted control system controls the locking of the cased battery pack and the entire electrical connection within the bus. The bus has a special chassis equipped with a suspension frame designed to hold the battery pack in a box, in such a way that the suspension frame is equipped with rollers, electrical connection means and at least two automatic locking means. The rollers are capable of mating with the cased battery pack. The electrical connection means are intended to implement an electrical connection with the boxed battery assembly. One or each locking means includes a motor, a reduction gear, and a threaded bar pressing means driven by the reduction gear. Once the box battery assembly is inserted into the existing suspension frame on the special chassis and positioned, the locking means is automatically controlled by the bus-mounted control system, in order to lock the battery assembly in place. box inside the suspension frame in order to guarantee safety during the bus operation.
In another embodiment of the present invention, the bus has a frame with a truss-type structure, and the bus-mounted control system includes at least one programmable logic controller, PLC. The truss type structure is formed with a complete skeleton or frame, and has been formed of a complete integral body. A hanging frame has been placed on a frame chassis in order to contain the boxed battery pack. A suspension frame can be equipped with rollers, locking means, positioning means and attachment means intended to be coupled with the loading and unloading apparatus.
The bus may be additionally equipped with auxiliary starting means. The auxiliary starting means includes a capacitor or several capacitors and an auxiliary motor, such that the high power ratio electric charge and discharge characteristic of the capacitor is used to
ES 2 392 974 T3 storing energy produced during electrical braking for use by the auxiliary motor. The control system mounted on the bus determines whether a currently running speed of the bus is zero or not. If speed is accelerating from zero, the auxiliary motor is started to help a bus main motor start the bus with a reduced starting current.
The bus may additionally be equipped with a two-degree braking means. When a driver depresses the brake pedal lightly, the main motor of the bus is passed or switched to a generator in order to convert the inertial kinetic energy of the bus into electrical energy, which is charged in a capacitor for storage, for part of an electric charge controller, in an electric braking system. When the driver depresses the brake pedal more deeply, a pneumatic brake system is activated to stop the bus. The air brake system includes a motor, an air pump and an air reservoir.
The cased battery assembly may include a housing for containing battery units, plugs located in the housing, and a plurality of battery units connected by cables, within the housing. The boxed drum kit may include groups of drum units. Groups of battery units can be separated by compartments. Each group of battery units may comprise a plurality of battery units. The battery units and groups of battery units are electrically connected by cables to bars of the sockets. The housing of the cassette battery assembly can be additionally equipped with positioning means and locking means, respectively intended to position and lock the housing on the bus. The positioning means and the locking means may adopt pin and hole connections or joints. Openable covers may have been mounted above the socket cavity openings.
The bus may change its case battery pack once the case battery pack has discharged to between approximately 60% and 80% of its discharge range.
The bus may preferably change from a battery-in-case assembly once the battery-in-case assembly has discharged to approximately 70% of its discharge range.
The electric charging station may additionally include a charger or several electric chargers, an electric charging rack or several electric charging shelves intended to contain the battery packs in boxes, and a stand-alone monitoring device of the power grid. power supply, to find the valleys of electricity consumption. Electric chargers can comprise a high-voltage charger or several high-voltage chargers, and a low-voltage charger or several low-voltage chargers. The electrical load control system can be a programmable logic controller. The programmable logic controller, based on the voltage or electrical voltage data of the power supply network for each period scanned by the autonomous monitoring apparatus of the power supply network in all time period, controls the charger (s) (es) to electrically charge battery packs in casings during downturns of electrical consumption from the power supply network, and to maintain the floating or intermediate storage electrical charge to the battery packs in boxes for the rest of the time.
The electrical charging rack may be additionally equipped with sampling means, a capacity display device, for displaying the capacity of a boxed battery assembly, and means for measuring and controlling the temperature. The temperature measuring and controlling means can adjust the temperature inside the electric charging rack based on the predetermined battery model and category. The electrical charging shelf may additionally include a plurality of layers or cavities intended to contain the battery packs in casings being charged. The electric charging rack may be further equipped with electrical connection means for electrically connecting with battery packs in casings, guide wheel means and connecting means for joining with the charging and discharging apparatus.
The electric charging station may further comprise a plurality of electric charging shelves and a plurality of charging and discharging apparatus, which can implement charging / discharging and electric charging of battery packs in casings for a plurality of buses simultaneously.
The electrical connection means may consist of a guillotine jaw contact means that may include a camshaft jaw means, intended to smoothly move a cased battery assembly into or out of a cavity intended to contain the set of battery in a box and arranged on the bus; When the cased battery assembly is positioned and locked by the locking means, the camshaft means acts to effect the electrical connection.
The guillotine jaw contact means includes a stator or several stators, an actuator or several actuators, and a support shaft or several support shafts made of conduit metal material, a camshaft made of insulating material, and a drive motor. Once the drum kit in case has been inserted into the cavity for the existing drum kit in case
ES 2 392 974 T3 on the bus, and has been precisely positioned, the bus-mounted control system sends a signal to control the camshaft driven by the drive motor, so as to make the drive motor (s) stator (s) and guillotine jaw contact means actuator (s) closely embrace the plug bar (s). When the boxed battery pack needs to be changed, the bus mounted control system sends an instruction or command to relax the guillotine jaw contact means and then the actuating device (s) is ( are) open (s) to implement a plug and unplug without resistance of a high voltage contact section, and to ensure insertion or removal, by pulling it, of the battery box assembly, in a smooth way.
The guillotine jaw contact means includes a high voltage contact section and a low voltage contact section. The high voltage contact section is intended to provide, once connected, a high voltage power to a main motor of the bus, and the low voltage contact section is intended to provide, once connected, a low voltage power to other electrical appliances on the bus that need low-voltage power.
The charge and discharge control system may include at least one programmable logic controller, PLC, to control the charge and discharge apparatus to carry out charging and discharging of battery packs in casings. The loading and unloading apparatus may be of a mechanical arm structure, including a mobile platform, a tray for the battery pack in a box, lifting means, tracks or displacement rails for the mobile platform, and wheels for the rail. The lifting means can raise the tray in a vertical direction to a higher plane of the mobile platform, and the rail wheels can be mounted at the bottom or bottom of the mobile platform.
The mechanical arms may additionally include a rotary table, a rotary mechanism, and a drive means for driving the rotary table. The rotating platform can be placed on the mobile platform and can rotate up to 90 degrees or 180 degrees on the mobile platform in order to insert a charged box battery pack into the bus, and / or remove a loaded battery pack from the bus. used or damaged box and supply it to an existing electric charging rack or repair platform at the electric charging station.
The lifting means may additionally include a lifting system comprising two sets of lifting arms and a drive means. Both the mechanical arms and the electric charging shelves can be located under the ground of the electric charging station. While the bus is returning to the electric charging station, a set or group of the lifting arms can take out a previously charged battery box set corresponding to the bus, and then move to a predetermined position in correspondence with the bus, where you wait. When the bus stops at a predetermined position, the other set or group of lift arms can take the used boxed battery pack from the bus and travel down to a layer of cavities of the electric charging rack corresponding to the battery pack. in a used box, and the previous set of lifting arms, with the battery pack in a box loaded in the arms, it moves closer to the cavity for the existing box battery pack on the bus, and pushes the charged box battery pack inside. When the cased battery pack housing is closed or locked, the link arms are removed. And the other set of lifting arms, with the used box battery set, deposits the used box battery set inside the corresponding layer.
The mechanical arms may additionally include sensors for detecting the positions of the bus and the battery pack in an electrically charged box to be taken from the electric charging rack. The sensors are located in different positions of the mechanical arms according to a vertical lifting direction and on the electric charging shelf, correspondingly, in order to freely position the tray on any layer of the electric charging shelf, according to the vertical direction.
The electric public transport system may additionally include a control center. The control center may comprise a PC and / or at least one programmable logic controller, PLC ["programmable logic controller"]. The control center can be located in the electric charging station and can intercommunicate with the electric charging control system.
Preferably, the electrical load control system and the control center can share the same programmable logic controller.
The electric public transportation system may additionally include a dispatch and rescue service system. The dispatch and rescue service system may have at least one rescue service vehicle. The rescue service vehicle may be equipped with a battery holder and a battery transfer device. The battery holder may have one or more battery packs in spare electrically charged cases. The battery transfer device is used to take a damaged box battery pack from the bus and insert a replacement box battery pack into the bus. The connecting arms and means of
ES 2 392 974 T3 drives are used to connect the battery transfer device with a connection position for the battery box assembly, existing in the bus chassis.
The electric public transport system may additionally include an urgent loading and unloading apparatus, which may include a scissor lift mechanism, hydraulic drive means, a tray for the boxed battery pack, wheels main driven by means of power supply, auxiliary wheels, manually steered, and a handle. The tray can be additionally equipped with attachment means and transfer means. The transfer means consists of a chain-driven fork, which can transfer the battery box assembly from the bus to the tray, or deliver the box battery assembly from the tray into the cavity for the battery pack from the bus. box, existing on the bus.
The present invention further provides a method of operating an electric public transportation system comprising:
an electrically powered bus equipped with a boxed battery pack and a bus-mounted control system, an electric charging station, located at a predetermined location to electrically charge boxed battery packs, and a charging and discharging apparatus , in such a way that, when the bus needs to change the battery pack in the box, the charging and discharging device takes the battery pack in the box and removes it from the bus, and inserts an electrically charged battery box assembly into the bus, the electric charging station is equipped with an electric charging control system, the charging and discharging apparatus is equipped with a charging and discharging control system, and the loading and unloading control system, bus-mounted control system and electric load control system are capable of communicating with each other, or intercommunicating;
When the loading and unloading control system receives a signal indicating that a bus with a certain identification number is going to return to the electric charging station, the loading and unloading apparatus is moved in advance to a predetermined position corresponding to the bus, at the electric charging station, and wait;
When the bus reaches the predetermined position, the loading and unloading apparatus operates to exchange or replace battery packs in casings, thereby implementing continuous bus operation on the line.
As it is detected that a battery unit or a group of battery units is not capable of operation, the control system mounted on the bus sends a warning unit to the bus driver. If the capacity of the remaining battery units is sufficient to support the return of the bus to the electric charging station, the bus is allowed to return to the electric charging station. Otherwise, a rescue signal is sent abroad. After receiving the return or return signal from the bus, the electric charging station sends an order to wait for the battery pack that has failed to be changed. The loading and unloading apparatus travels to the front of the electric loading rack that has a battery-in-box assembly loaded and ready to be picked up, and waits for the bus. A repair procedure is started in the repair system for battery packs in boxes, and the battery pack in boxes that has failed, taken by the charging and discharging device, is delivered to the existing repair stage at the station. electrical charge for testing and repair.
The present invention further provides a method for electrically charging a box battery assembly used in the electrical transportation system, which comprises the steps of:
connect or activate the power supply to an electric charger;
reading data from the cased battery assembly by means of an electrical charge control system;
determine if a power supply network being used is located in a valley, by means of a self-contained monitoring apparatus of the power supply network, if so, start a full electric charging program on the electric charger controlled by a charging control system, and electrically charge the battery box set with full current, until the battery box set is fully electrically charged,
ES 2 392 974 T3 if not, start a floating or intermediate storage electric charge program on the electric charger controlled by the electric charge control system, and electrically charge the battery pack in case with floating or storage current intermediate;
electrically charge the case battery assembly with floating current when it is determined that the case battery assembly has been fully charged by the charge control system, therefore the case battery assembly is electrically charged with at least floating current or intermediate storage at all times, except when used on the bus;
Read electrical charge data from the battery pack in the box and send it to the charge control system.
The loading and unloading apparatus of the present invention can load on the bus or loading rack, and unload from the same, the battery box assembly, quickly and accurately. The efficiency of use of the bus is greatly increased.
The guillotine jaw contact means of the present invention can be used as electrical connection means for the box battery assembly, arranged on the bus and on the loading racks, which can effectively guarantee the current capacity. when contact is made with a high voltage section, a plug and unplug without resistance as well as a smooth movement of the battery pack in a box inside and outside.
In accordance with the present invention, battery packs in boxes are electrically charged on the electrical charging racks of buses. The electrical charging procedure can utilize the energy valleys of a power supply network. When the power supply network is in peak daylight hours, battery packs in casings are electrically charged with a small floating or buffer current. When the power supply network is in the valleys, during the night hours, such as from 12:00 pm to 8:00 am, the battery packs in boxes are electrically charged with a high current. In this way, electrically powered buses are supplied with energy for the next day, and the power factor Q of a city's power supply network is greatly improved. The power supply network can be used efficiently and its quality of use is improved. In this way, the energy structure can be optimized worldwide and the effects caused by exhaust gases and the greenhouse effect can be reduced.
The electric public transport system of the present invention constitutes a comprehensive solution to public transport in cities that is provided after research and analysis of current problems. It is desirable that the present invention can be popularized in large areas of cities and replace current buses, trolleybuses and other vehicles provided with "internal combustion engines" in a short time.
According to the current number of buses in China, 50% of these will become up to 500,000 in 2010. Annual demand or annual production will reach 100,000 every year. The international market is similar. If calculated based on the 100 billion kW-h of energy consumed in valleys in China's energy system in 1998, the number of electric buses of the present invention can be up to 700,000 or 900,000 (400 kW-h per 365 is approximately 150,000 kW-h; 150,000 kW-h times 700,000 is approximately 100 billion kW-h). If calculated differently, the current number of buses in Beijing is approximately 15,000, so that every thousand people have 1.5 buses. Similarly, a city with a population of 400 million will need 600,000 buses. Therefore, if the buses of the present invention are used in the public transport system throughout the country, the 100 billion kW-h of energy consumed in the valleys of the energy supply network will be used. In its whole. In this way, the government will have a tax revenue of 50 billion yuan each year from electric power. If these revenues go directly to public transport companies, this “zero pollution” bus project can become a “zero cost” public transport system. As GDP steadily makes its way into China, more electricity generation projects are developed, such as the Three Gorge hydropower projects on the upper reaches of the Yangtze River and the Yellow River, and the Nuclear power technology becomes more mature, it has been predicted that the total electrical energy will be up to 3.150 billion kW-h in 2020. Therefore, the energy in the consumption valleys will be more than 300 billion kW-h. At that point, the electric transport buses of the present invention will replace fossil fuel buses and will be applied on a large scale. Electric energy will replace oil and will become the main energy in ordinary transportation activities.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
Figure 1 is a block diagram of an electric public transportation system;
Figure 2A is a front elevation view of a special chassis installed on the electric bus;
ES 2 392 974 T3
Figure 2B is a partial and enlarged view of the rollers of the suspension frame of Figure 2A;
Figure 2C is a plan view of the special chassis of the electric bus;
Figure 3A is a front elevational view of a guillotine jaw contact means;
Figure 3B is a plan view of the guillotine jaw contact means;
Figure 4A is a fundamental or schematic diagram of a group of relays of the guillotine jaw contact means for controlling the electrical connection;
Figure 4B is a fundamental or schematic diagram of a group of sash jaw contact means relays arranged in series for high voltage electrical connection;
Figure 4C is a fundamental or schematic diagram of a group of sash jaw contact means relays for disconnecting a failed group of battery units;
Figure 5 is a block diagram of a procedure for changing the cased battery assembly provided in the suspension frame;
Figure 6 is a schematic view of the integral body of an electric bus;
Figure 7 is an overall schematic view of an electric bus;
Figure 8 is a schematic view of the structure of an express service vehicle;
Figure 9A is a schematic view of a mid-mounted box battery assembly while driving a rear-mounted motor of an electric bus chassis;
Figure 9B is a schematic view of a rear-mounted box battery assembly while driving a mid-mounted motor of an electric bus chassis;
Figure 10A is a front elevational view of an arrangement of an electrically powered bus, balanced-type mechanical arms, and an electrical charging station (of a field-installed type);
Figure 10B is a plan view of an electric bus arrangement, balanced-type mechanical arms, and an electric charging station (of a field-installed type);
Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of some link arms belonging to the balanced type mechanical arms, and a link opening existing in a chassis of an electric bus;
Figure 12A is a front elevation view of the balance-type mechanical arm structure;
Figure 12B is the plan view of the structure of the balanced type mechanical arms;
Figure 13 is a schematic view of the structure of the balanced type mechanical arms, in a transfer means for transferring the cased battery assembly;
Figure 14A is a side elevation view of an electric bus and mechanical arms of the parallel type (underground type) of an electric charging station;
Figure 14B is a front elevation view of the electric bus and the mechanical arms of the parallel type (underground type) of the electric charging station;
Figure 15 is a diagram of the arrangement of the sensors in the mechanical arms;
Figure 16 is a schematic view of the manual troubleshooting and control panel of the mechanical arms;
Figure 17 is a schematic view of some semi-automatic mechanical arms intended to change or replace a battery box assembly;
Figure 18 is a schematic view of an electric charging station;
Figure 19A is a front view of an electrical charging rack;
Figure 19B is a side elevation view of the electrical charging rack;
ES 2 392 974 T3
Figure 20 is a self-adapting electrical load curve, with the energy consumption curve of the power supply network;
Figure 21 is a block diagram of a method of scanning and detecting an electrical charging rack arranged in an electrical charging station;
Figure 22 is a block diagram of an electric charging procedure of an electric charging station;
Figure 23 is a schematic view of the automatic positioning of an electric bus and the mechanical arms of the balanced type;
Figure 24A is a partial block diagram of an automatic control maintenance procedure for balance type mechanical arms;
24B is a continuation of Figure 24A;
Figure 25A is a partial block diagram of a further automatic control maintenance procedure for balance type mechanical arms;
Figure 25B is the continuation of Figure 25A;
Figure 26A is a partial block diagram of the automatic control method of the balanced type mechanical arms;
Figure 26B is the continuation of Figure 26A;
Figure 27 is a schematic view of a repair platform for boxed battery packs;
Figure 28 is a schematic view of a communication and control system for the electric public transport system;
Figure 29 is a procedure block diagram of a bus mount control system, installed on an electric bus.
Preferred embodiment of the invention
Figure 1 shows an electric public transportation or transit system of the present invention. The electric public transportation system includes a control center 100, an electrically powered bus 200, a loading and unloading apparatus 300, and an electric charging station 400. In addition, the public transportation system of the present invention may also include, of additionally, an express service system 600 and a repair platform 500. The aforementioned components can communicate with each other, or intercommunicate, by means of a Can bus and / or a wireless signal, which brings about a quick exchange or replacement of battery packs in boxes on the bus and an economical and intelligent management. of battery packs in casings being charged, and therefore greatly improves the efficiency of utilization of electrically powered buses, while saving energy and protecting the environment.
As mentioned in the technical solutions in the summary of the present invention, the communication protocol of the electric public transport system has two options: (1) carry out the communication directly through a control system mounted on the bus, a loading and unloading control system, an electric load control system; (2) realize indirect communication with a bus-mounted control system, a loading and unloading control system, and an electric load control system, through a systematic control center. Preferably, the control center of the electric public transport system of the present invention is established in the electric charging station and performs a bidirectional communication, or in both directions, with the electric charging control system, through a bus of Dog. More preferably, an existing programmable logic controller in the electrical load control system can also simultaneously act as the electrical load control center. Consequently, the control center of the present invention can be installed alone or in conjunction with the electrical load control system, so that it performs multiple purposes in a single computer control system.
The components of the electric public transport system of the present invention will be further described later, in the second option, as an embodiment, in four parts: (1) an electrically driven bus, (2) a loading and unloading apparatus for assemblies of batteries in boxes, (3) an electric charging station, and (4) a control system of the public transport system and the communication protocol.
1. A bus powered by electricity
In the electrically powered bus 200 of the present invention, a control system mounted on the bus
ES 2 392 974 T3 includes at least one programmable logic controller, which is placed in a suitable position and controls the mechanical parts and the electronic means through a Can bus. The control system mounted on the bus can send information about the operation of the bus and possible problems to a receiver in the control center 100, by means of wireless digital pulse techniques. All operating information will be simultaneously displayed on the bus dashboard for the driver's reference. As shown in Figures 2A, 2B and 2C, a special chassis 201 constitutes an essential part of the electrically powered bus 200, in which a suspension frame 203 for a box battery assembly has been installed. A cavity 220 for the box battery assembly is provided in the suspension frame. An electrical connection means existing in the suspension frame implements the electrical connection with the box battery assembly 204, within the suspension frame. Suspension frame 203 is additionally equipped with rollers 202 capable of engaging or contacting tracks or rails 206 for cased battery assembly 204. Suspension frame 203 is equipped with attachment openings 207 for engaging the charging and discharging apparatus to cause the boxed battery assembly to be inserted smoothly and precisely into suspension frame 203 of the electrically powered bus. These rollers are arranged in a dense configuration in order to support at least 0.5 to 2 tons of weight of the boxed battery assembly 204 and the various pulses from the electrically powered bus in a state of motion. In this way, a precise direction of the box battery assembly 204 being inserted into the suspension frame is ensured, and a precise joining of the electrical connection parts is guaranteed. Suspension frame 203 may also be equipped with at least two automatic locking means 205. The locking means locks the cased battery assembly through threaded rod pressing means driven by a motor and reduction gear. Preferably, four locking means 205 are used to lock the four corners of the cased battery assembly automatically, in this embodiment of the present invention. The movements of the locking means are controlled in order to lock or unlock automatically by commands issued by the programmable logic controller of the bus-mounted control system. When the boxed battery assembly is inserted into the cavity 220 and placed in a straight position, the positioning sensor (s) 256 will output signals, and the bus-mounted control system programmable logic controller will send a four-way command. locking means 205 for locking the battery box assembly 204 firmly within the suspension frame automatically, in order to ensure safety during the bus operation. Certainly, it is possible to use other types of locking structures, or a plurality of locking means, or to lock other parts of the cased battery assembly, which can be carried out by the person skilled in the art without requiring a creative work.
As shown in Figures 3A and 3B, the electrical connection means arranged in the suspension frame 203 consists of a guillotine jaw contact means, which can implement a plug and unplug without resistance and a highly effective electrical connection. . Simultaneously, the same guillotine jaw contact means may also have been mounted on the electrical charging racks intended to contain cased battery packs of the charging station. These guillotine jaw contact means include stators 246, actuators 245, and support shafts 248 made of conductive material; a camshaft 240, made of insulating material; a drive motor 241 and a reduction gear 242. Stators 246 are attached to suspension frame 203, and pivots are disposed between stators 246 and actuators 245. Corresponding ends opposite the mating ends of stators 246 and actuators 245 may be supported by camshaft 240. Once the boxed battery assembly 204 has been inserted into the bus cavity 220 and placed in the proper location, the bus-mounted control system sends a signal and controls the motor 241 to drive the shaft. 240 of cams, in order to make the stators 246 and actuators 245 couple with the bars 250 closely, in order to guarantee an effective current capacity in the high voltage sections in contact. When the battery box assembly needs to be replaced, the bus-mounted control system will issue a command to relax the camshaft 240 in order to loosen the actuators 245, which can ensure a resistance-free plug / unplug. of a high voltage section of the electrical contact means, as well as the free insertion or extraction of the battery box assembly. Such means guarantee a quick and easy change of the battery pack in a box and the sufficient capacity of the contact current while the bus is running. In addition, the guillotine jaw contact means are divided into a high-voltage section 265 and a low-voltage section 264, in which relays have been included that have been combined for control in order to shorten as much as possible the electrical power connection lines between each group of guillotine jaw contact means and each group of relays.
The boxed battery assembly supplies power to the entire electrically powered bus of the electric public transportation system of the present invention. The cased battery assembly contains a high voltage section consisting of several dozen battery units 244 connected in series in the form of a plurality of groups of battery units, respectively, to provide high voltage power; and a low voltage section consisting of at least one battery unit 244 for providing low voltage power. In this way, several dozen drum units within the entire drum set in
ES 2 392 974 T3 cassette 204 are divided into a plurality of groups of battery units. References 246 and 250 indicate plug bars intended for cable connection. References 251 indicate thermal insulating layers arranged between the battery units. References 247, 248 and 249 indicate plug bars, made of insulating material. The camshaft 240 is also made of insulating material. Such a structure can ensure that there is no high voltage electricity in the whole battery-in-case assembly during replacement of the battery-in-case assembly. High voltage power is formed solely by connecting all battery unit groups in series by a combination of guillotine jaw contact means and relays, once the cased battery assembly has been inserted and positioned within the cavity. 220 existing on the bus. The guillotine jaw contact means comprises a series of guillotine jaw contact parts. Lids 257 are positioned above the socket hole openings 266 of the boxed battery assembly and are capable of automatically closing when the guillotine jaw contact means is pulled out. When the guillotine jaw contact means are detached from the cased battery assembly, the covers 257 close automatically to avoid any danger caused by accidental contact with the plug bars of the high voltage section and to ensure safety during operation. use of the battery pack in the case. Low voltage power is provided to the electrically driven bus through battery unit 244 and low voltage section plug bar 250.
As shown in Figures 4A, 4B and 4C, the arrangement and function of the relay groups of the guillotine jaw contact means are illustrated. Before the guillotine jaw contact means contact the box battery assembly, the control system mounted on the bus will perform a check to interrupt the electrical connection between the box battery assembly and the electrically driven bus, by means of arc relay J0. The camshaft 240 is driven to rotate by a motor D2, through relays J8 and J9, to effect the clamping and relaxation of the guillotine jaw contact means. The locking means 205 arranged on the suspended frame are controlled by a motor D1 through the relays J6 and J7, in order to carry out the locking of the boxed battery assembly contained within the cavity 220. The high voltage power of the boxed battery pack is formed by closing relays J1 to J5 in series on the battery unit groups. If the bus-mounted control system detects that one of the groups of battery units stops working in the battery box assembly while the bus is running, the bus-mounted control system can carry out a control on the relays to open / close this failed group of battery units, and thus interrupt this group with respect to the connection of the complete groups of battery units in series, and therefore the high voltage power provided by the remainder of the battery unit groups of the battery box assembly continues to be used to propel the electrically powered bus.
As shown in Figure 5, the block diagram depicted there is the replacement procedure 275 for a boxed battery assembly. As the link arms of the mechanical arms are inserted into the link openings 207 in the suspension frame of the bus, the positioning sensor (s) 207 existing in the openings 207 obtain the signal for the imminent replacement of battery in case. The battery-in-case 275 replacement procedure will begin. First, the power is interrupted or disconnected, that is, the J0 relay is closed / open. The locking means are then released, the guillotine jaws are relaxed, and the cased battery pack is waiting to be replaced. Once the cased battery assembly has been inserted into the cavity, the locking means is locked, the guillotine jaw contact means is clamped again, and the entire combination of relays is engaged. Next, the J0 relay is connected in front of a high voltage controller, and the necessary power is provided to the electric bus.
Figure 6 shows another embodiment of an electric public transport system according to the present invention. The electrically powered bus has a frame with a truss-type structure. The same rollers 202, locking means 205 and joint openings 207 are mounted on the frame chassis for coupling with the loading and unloading apparatus. The truss type structure has been formed with a complete skeleton or frame, and a complete integral body has been formed by dragging a cover plate over the frame. A finite element analysis method must be used to analyze the structure in tension across the entire length and width of the body or body, in order to design the entire structure with a view to ensuring the structural strength of the entire bus.
As shown in Figure 7, the electrically driven bus 200 also has a large fixed capacitor 252 mounted on the bus, which is controlled by an electric charge controller 263 of an electric brake system in order to store the energy produced by braking by an electric braking system, by using the capacitor's characteristic of charging and discharging electrically with a high power ratio, and supplying it to the auxiliary motor 262 of the bus 200 so that it is unloaded in a short time and helps the main motor 261 to start the bus 200. The programmable logic controller 260 mounted on the bus determines whether the auxiliary motor 262 based on whether or not the speed of the bus at that time is zero. Only when the bus speed is increasing from zero will the auxiliary motor 262 run for several seconds or a few dozen seconds in order to reduce
ES 2 392 974 T3 the starting current of the main motor as the electrically driven bus is started. The transmission of the electrically driven bus 200 can also be equipped with a 267 hydraulic centrifugal clutch and a 2-speed overdrive centrifugal gear, so as to make the starting current smaller and the impact on the batteries and the system. electrical control is less, by a large current. The electrically powered bus 200 is equipped with a two-degree braking means in order to improve the braking efficiency of the electrically powered bus 200. When the driver depresses the brake pedal lightly, the main motor 261 of the electrically driven bus will turn into a generator to transform the kinetic energy of the vehicle's inertia into electrical energy that is charged in a capacitor 252 mounted on the bus and controlled by an electric charge controller 262 of the electric braking system. When the driver depresses the brake pedal more deeply, the air brake system will begin to stop the vehicle immediately. The air brake system comprises a drive motor 253 and an air pump 254, and a gas container provides a source of gas supply. The above means have the advantage of reducing the instantaneous shock current while the electrically powered bus 200 is starting, and protecting the boxed battery assembly 204 in view of a longer service life. The above means also lengthens the service life of the main motor 261 and of a main motor controller.
Figure 8 shows a schematic view of the express service vehicle 601 provided in the express service system 600. The express service vehicle 600 is equipped with a spare wheel 620 and is capable of changing the bus battery pack in a damaged box. electrically driven that is in trouble, at the scene of the incident. The express service vehicle has a bus-mounting battery holder, which is provided with a spare cased battery assembly 204, a battery transfer device 610, which has a cavity 22, link arms 325 and drive means 327. The battery transfer device 610 is used to take the damaged box battery assembly from the bus and insert the replacement box battery assembly into the existing suspension frame on the bus. The drive means 327 and link arms 325 are used to link the battery transfer device with attachment positions for the boxed battery assembly provided on the chassis of the electrically powered bus.
As shown in Figure 9A, the electrically powered bus 200 may have been designed as the following structure: The boxed battery assembly 204 is mounted in the middle of the chassis, the main motor 261 is mounted in the rear of the chassis, and the heavy parts, such as the electric air pump, gas canister, and fuel cell Low voltage storage mounted on the bus, they are arranged together with the main motor to balance the weight of the boxed battery pack.
As shown in Figure 9B, the electrically powered bus 200 may have been designed in this way: the boxed battery pack 204 is rear-mounted and the main motor 261 is mounted on the metered portion of the chassis. Such a structure is suitable for reasonable floor or floor construction with a provision for entry at the front and rear doors and an exit door at the middle doors.
2. The charging and discharging device for the battery pack in a box
Figures 10 to 13 show mechanical arms 300 'of the balanced type, belonging to the loading and unloading apparatus 300 of the field installed type, in an electric public transport system of the present invention. Figure 10 shows the arrangement of the electrically driven bus, the electric charging station and the mechanical arms of the balanced type (field installed type). Figure 11 is a structural schematic view of the link arms of the balanced type mechanical arms and the link openings in the chassis of the electrically driven bus. Figure 12 represents the structure of the balanced type mechanical arms. Figure 13 is a schematic view of the mechanical arms of the balanced type, with the transfer means for the battery box assembly. The balanced type mechanical arms 300 'include a mobile platform 301, a rotating platform 302, a vertical lifting means 307, a tray 306, tracks or rails 312, wheels 311 for rail, and a rotating mechanism 313. The rotating platform 302 is driven by a motor and a reduction gear 314 under the control of a programmable logic controller located in an appropriate place on the mechanical arms, and supported on the moving platform 301 by means of rollers 303. The vertical lifting means 307 comprise a vertical lifting hydraulic cylinder 331, a chain 332 and a gear 335, and a plurality of sensors 308 have been located, in sufficient number on the vertical lifting arms, in such a way that they can make Tray 306 will be positioned anywhere along the vertical lift arms. Link arms 325 as well as transfer means 324 and rollers 323 have been installed on tray 306 for the cased battery pack. The transfer means 324 comprises a chain-driven shift fork. The movement mechanism of the balanced type mechanical arms is displaced in parallel along a rail 312 by the rail wheels 311, driven by a drive means. As the mechanical arms move completely along the rail 312, they are located by a plurality of sensors located at corresponding positions on the rail, in front of each group of loading devices.
ES 2 392 974 T3
When the bus comes to a complete stop, the link arms 325 are automatically deployed from the balance-type mechanical arm tray and contact or engage the link opening 207 located under the cavity of the electrically powered bus, to prevent contamination. height difference that occurs while the battery pack in a box, which weighs between 0.5 and 2 tons, is changed or replaced on the chassis of the bus. The aforementioned action is carried out before moving the battery pack in a box. The tie arms are first deployed into the tie openings 207 for the tie, such that the tie is very precise and no positioning errors occur. If the electrically powered bus 200 and the loading and unloading apparatus 300 were not attached to one another prior to the transfer of the box battery pack 204, the heavy weight box battery pack 204 would inevitably rock or bounce up and down. and from side to side when moving forward, so that it would be difficult to join the cavity with the electrically driven bus 200 in a precise manner.
The link arms 325 include a drive mechanism 326 and its power means, such as a hydraulic cylinder 327, which can ensure that the boxed battery assembly moves in or out smoothly once the electrically powered bus is moved. has automatically placed, and compensate for the deformation of the springs or suspension springs existing in the electrically driven bus, caused while the battery pack is in the box, of great weight, it moves inside / outside the existing cavities in the electrically powered bus. In this way, the boxed battery assembly can stably move between the balance-type mechanical arms and the electrically driven bus.
Figures 14A and 14B show the loading and unloading apparatus installed underground, in which the parallel type mechanical arms are equipped with a PLC, as its control system, link arms 325 and its drive means 327. The arms Attachments are intended to mate with attachment openings 207 for cavity 220 of electrically powered bus 200. The electric charging station 400 has been installed below the surface of the street on which the electric bus 200 circulates and includes battery packs in boxes 204 placed on top of each other as layers, and an electric charging rack 401. A parallel exchange or quick replacement apparatus comprises a mobile parallel platform, rail wheels 381, a track or rail 382, and a vertical lifting apparatus 383. The rapid parallel exchange apparatus also has a transfer means which is the same as the field-installed type loading and unloading apparatus.
The link openings 207 of the electrically powered bus engage with link arms 325 while the box battery assembly 204 is being exchanged. The electric charging racks of the underground electric charging station are equipped with the same means of control of temperature than those of the field-installed type electric charging station. The advantages of the underground electric charging station are that it takes up little space, has a good aesthetic appearance, is easy to install and has a simple structure formed by mechanical arms of the parallel type. As a result of an order received from the control center 100, it can extract in advance a battery pack in a box corresponding to a bus that is going to return to the station, and then carry out a quick replacement of the battery pack in a box 204 . The exchange procedure can be in such a way that: when your control system receives an order from the control center 100, the lifting arms A 392 of the mechanical arms of the parallel type extract the electrically charged battery pack in advance corresponding, and they travel in parallel to a predetermined parking position for the electrically driven bus, where they wait; once the electrically powered bus is automatically stopped in that position, the lift arms B 391 extract the used box battery pack 204 and lower it to a one-layer position corresponding to this used box battery pack ; Once the mechanical arms have been moved to a position of a box battery assembly in parallel, the lifting arms A, with the electrically charged box battery assembly, are raised to the position of the cavity 220 existing in the bus and insert into it the battery pack in an electrically charged box; and, once the housing of the cased battery pack has been locked, the link arms 325 are removed. The electrically powered bus 200 can then be started and exited for its next operating cycle. At this time, the arms B of the mechanical arms of the parallel type place the used box battery assembly within its corresponding layer of the electrical charging shelf. And then the arms B can remove another electrically charged boxed battery pack and wait for another exchange procedure for the next bus.
Figures 15 and 16 show an embodiment with an arrangement of sensors and a control panel of the mechanical arms. There are a plurality of sensors located along the horizontal rail and the vertical arms of the mechanical arms 300 ', in order to control the operation of the mechanical arms, such as lifting, displacement and rotation. It is obvious that the person skilled in the art can also employ other control panels with similar arrangements that can result in the same effects.
As shown in Figure 17, the electric public transport system of the present invention can be additionally equipped with semiautomatic mechanical arms 540 intended to replace an assembly
ES 2 392 974 T3 battery in box in an emergency. The semiautomatic mechanical arms 540 include a tray 534 to support the battery-in-box assembly 204, link arms 525 and a bottom plane on which a scissor-type lifting mechanism 541 is arranged for lifting the tray. 534 and a 546 hydraulic lift cylinder. In the background plane are additionally arranged main wheels 542, driven by drive means 543, and an auxiliary wheel 547 controlled manually by means of a control handle 548. On the background frame they have been installed a hydraulic system 545 and a battery 544 to ensure that such semi-automatic mechanical arms constitute a semi-automatically controlled device. Control handle 548 may further include a control panel 549 for manual replacement of an electrically powered bus case battery pack, which is capable of controlling it to raise, lower, and move forward and backward. This device ensures that, in an emergency situation, such as a temporary power outage or other failures, it is possible to supply into the electrically powered bus an electrically charged boxed battery pack on the electrical charging rack.
3. Loading station
Figures 18, 19A and 19B show the structure of an electric charging station and the fundamental or schematic diagram of the electric charging shelves. The electric charging station 400 includes a programmable logic controller, PLC (“programmable logic controller”), 470, some electric charging racks 401 and some electric chargers 480. The chargers 480 have the function of regulating the electric voltage and current and rectify the current. The electrical charging station additionally includes an autonomous monitoring apparatus 471 of the power supply network, intended to search for the valleys of electricity consumption, a capacity display device 472, intended to display the capacity of a set of battery in a box, means for measuring and controlling the temperature 473, intended to measure and control the temperature of the set of battery in a box, and sampling means 474 of the power supply network, current and voltage. The electrical charging shelves 410 include a plurality of cavities adapted to contain the battery packs in casings 202 for their electrical charging.
The electric charging shelves 401 are equipped with guillotine jaw contact means 440, roller means 402 and connection openings 407, adapted to engage with the connection arms of the loading and unloading apparatus 300. The means of connection guillotine jaw contact 440 have the same structures as the existing electrical connection means in the suspension frame of the electrically driven bus chassis 200.
Said charging shelves additionally include an electric charging cable box 450 for connecting with the electric chargers, a cable box door and a maintenance door 460. This is convenient for the maintenance of the cables and the electrical charging contact means, when opening the rear door and making sure of a hermetically closed state. Self-closing doors 421 have been installed at the entrances or accesses for the battery packs in boxes located on the front surface of the electric charging shelves, in order to guarantee a relative isolation of the shelves from the outside environment. The temperature control means 431 and the actuation means 432 may have additionally been included within the electrical charging shelves. Common air conditioning compressors and temperature controllers can be used to ensure constant temperatures during electrical charging and to keep battery packs in casings within the best operating temperature ranges. A protective enclosure or cabinet can be installed over the electrical charging racks 401 to improve the working environment of the entire system against inclement weather, such as rain or snow.
The autonomous monitoring apparatus 471 of the power supply network can scan the voltage data of the power supply network throughout the period of time throughout each day, automatically plot and record the variations of the data based on differences in the times of different valleys of the power supply network caused by the differences in zones and seasons, and making a curve of the weekly average from the variation curve, in order to automatically adjust the time periods during which to charge full current electrically in the electric chargers. Based on the data collected from the charging racks and the battery packs in boxes, collected by the sampling means 474, the temperatures within the electrical charging racks are adjusted according to predetermined categories and models of battery packs in boxes 204, in order to ensure that battery packs in boxes 204 always work in the best temperature ranges for electric charge or discharge for a long time, which can improve the service life of battery packs in carts that are in circulation. The above means 473 and 474 are capable of providing the best electrical charging environment for the battery packs in boxes, according to their categories and models.
Figure 20 shows curves for intelligent electrical charging of battery packs in boxes, in which the single thin line is a typical curve of a variation of the power consumption valleys of an urban network.
ES 2 392 974 T3 power supply, and two solid lines show an electrical charge curve over time. The programmable logic controller 470 controls the electric chargers 480 to charge the battery packs in casings according to the time curve of electric charge determined by the autonomous monitoring apparatus 471 of the energy supply network for the consumption valleys, which It can completely avoid the power consumption peaks of the power supply network and ensure that the power for the electric load comes from 23:00 pm to 7:00 am. A fine-tuning range of the current is given by AI. The fine-tuning range of the current during the main electric charge period is to ensure that smart electric chargers automatically identify the depth of electric discharge, the current capacity, and the current state of electric charge of the set of battery in case, and automatically perform a fine adjustment of the charging current, in such a way that the battery box set is charged to 100% of its capacity in the valleys of consumption. During daytime periods of time, at peak urban power grid consumption, the 470 programmable logic controller can control 480 electric chargers to charge battery packs in storage charging current casings. intermediate or floating, in order to ensure a long service life for battery packs in boxes.
As shown in Figure 21, the replacement or exchange procedure 492 controlled by the electric charging rack 401 in the charging station 400 includes the following: After receiving a signal sent by the control center indicating that an electrically driven bus is going to return to the electric charging station to change the battery pack, the electric charging control system performs a control to interrupt the power supplied to the battery pack. battery in electrically charged box to be extracted from the corresponding layer inside the electric charging shelf, by closing the corresponding relay of the load shelf 401; it then connects the power to the used battery-in-case assembly that has just been placed in a corresponding layer, after the battery-in-case assembly has been replaced, and initiates a new electrical charging procedure.
As shown in Figure 22, the procedure for electrically charging the boxed battery pack includes the following steps: turn on the power to the electric charger; the electrical charge control system reads data from the battery pack in the box; the autonomous monitoring apparatus of the power supply network determines whether the consumption of the power supply network is in a valley or not; if so, the electrical charge control system controls the electrical charger to charge the battery-in-case assembly with a full charge current until the battery-in-case assembly is fully charged; if not, the electric charge control system controls the electric chargers to charge the cased battery pack with a floating or intermediate storage charging current; and the electric charger control system determines whether the charge of the battery pack in the case is complete or not; If so, a floating or intermediate storage electric charging procedure is started, by virtue of which the battery pack in a box is at least in the floating electric charging procedure at all times, except when used in the driven bus. electrically; and the status data for the electrical charge of the boxed battery assembly is returned to the electrical charge control system.
Four. Control system of the electric public transport system and communication protocol
Each boxed battery assembly of the present invention is suitable for each electrically powered bus to run more than 40 kilometers. In order to meet the demand of each electrically powered bus for a full day of operation, at least two sets of batteries may have been prepared in casings in corresponding electric charging racks of the electric charging station. Because the electrically powered bus operates on a fixed line with established stops and according to a fixed schedule, each kilometer or autonomy of the bus with each regularly replaced battery pack in a box depends on the class, the type, the model, the behavior. , the service time and the depth of electrical discharge of the battery pack in the box. In general, a boxed battery assembly is changed when its depth of electrical discharge is up to 60% to 80%, preferably above 70%. Before approaching the proper electrical discharge depth to replace the battery box assembly, the bus-mounted control system alerts the bus driver and sends signals to the control center indicating that the bus needs to return for the assembly replacement. battery in case. Preferably, the control center of the electric public transport system of the present invention is installed in an electric charging station and carries out bidirectional communication, or in both directions, with the electric charge control system by means of a bus of Dog. More preferably, a programmable logic controller of the electrical load control system can also act as a control center simultaneously. Consequently, the control center of the present invention can be installed alone, or linked with the electrical load control system to carry out multiple functions of a single system. As the electrically powered bus returns to the electric charging station installed at the terminals of the public transport system after a run of more than 40 kilometers at least, the electrically powered bus is automatically controlled and oriented in a position facing the rack. electric charge 401 and charging and discharging apparatus 300, by means of a communication protocol between the bus-mounted control system and the bus control system
ES 2 392 974 T3 load. Before the electrically powered bus returns to the electric charging station, the automatic control system of the loading and unloading apparatus has already received the signals that have been sent by the bus-mounted control system to the control center, and it has been oriented in advance until it is arranged in front of the electrical charging rack corresponding to the electrically driven bus. Once the electrically powered bus has come to a stop in that position, the loading and unloading apparatus takes, simultaneously, the used box battery assembly from the electrically powered bus 200, as well as an electrically charged box battery assembly from the rack. electric charge, respectively. After rotating 180 degrees, the lifting arms are attached to corresponding positions, the electrically charged battery box assembly is inserted into the electrically driven bus 200, and the used box battery assembly is inserted into the corresponding layer, inside the shelf. electrical charge, respectively. The electrically powered bus can then be started for the next service. Consequently, the present invention solves the crucial problem which limits the continuous operating autonomy of the electrically powered bus and which has not been overcome in research and development for a long time all over the world.
Referring to Figure 1, each programmable logic controller of each existing subsystem in the electric public transport system operates, respectively, with its own control system. A plurality of subsystems are combined together to form a complete control system by means of a Can RS232 bus (or other type of serial data bus) and a wireless communication means. In other words, the complete automatic control system is made up of a combination of the bus-mounted control subsystem, interpreted by the control center of the electric transportation system as a core, and a bus-mounted programmable logic controller, the subsystem control of the mechanical arms, interpreted by the programmable logic controller of the mechanical arms for the replacement of the battery pack in a box, and the control subsystem for intelligent electrical charging, interpreted by the programmable logic controllers of the load shelves, through the Can bus and wireless digital impulse signals with an electric bus priority principle. Within each subsystem, internal communication can adopt the RS232 bus (or other forms of serial bus such as 422, from CAN).
The control center 100 of the electric public transport system may comprise a central processing unit (PC) and at least one PLC programmable logic controller, preferably two PLCs, in order to achieve control of the entire system. When signals sent by the electrically driven bus 200 are received in the form of wireless pulses that the electrically driven bus, with its identification number, will return to the electrical charging station, the control center 100, first of all, based on the identification number of the bus, it sends an order to the loading and unloading apparatus 300 to move until it is in front of the electric loading rack unit corresponding to this bus, place yourself on the layer corresponding to a boxed drum kit loaded and ready to be swapped, and wait. After that, the bus enters the electric charging station, and the driver drives the bus along a predetermined traffic line or lane, in order to ensure a parallel distance between the bus and the smaller loading and unloading apparatus. than 200 mm, so the attachment means located on the mechanical arms of the loading and unloading device can change the battery pack in a box smoothly and quickly.
As shown in Figure 23, the autobrake guidance system can be used instead of relying on the operation performed by the driver to ensure that the electric bus is properly oriented. When the electrically powered bus approaches the mechanical arms of the loading and unloading apparatus with a suitable distance, the bus-mounted programmable logic controller decelerates the bus to a predetermined speed. As it passes the first predetermined position 291, the bus is decelerated to a lower predetermined speed, and finally comes to a complete stop at a second predetermined position 292. When the procedure for changing the battery box assembly is complete, the mechanical arms remove their link arms, the bus-mounted programmable logic controller terminates the lockout and electrical connection procedures, and then instructs the driver to do so. start another shift of operation. A quick and easy procedure is carried out to change the case drum kit.
Figures 24 and 24B and Figures 25A and 25B show the repair procedure for a failed battery box assembly, as well as the post-repair procedure, 395 and 396, respectively. Once the bus has returned to the electric charging station, the mechanical arms take the damaged cased battery assembly from the existing cavity in the electrically powered bus, then rotate it 90 ° and deliver it to the repair platform. 500 for repair. The mechanical arms then return to the initial position to wait for the next command sent by their control system. The repair operator sends the signal to the control center once he has repaired the faulty battery pack in the case. The mechanical arms control system receives an order from the control center 100 and then takes back the repaired cased battery pack and places it on its corresponding layer of the loading rack, according to its identification number. detected.
As shown in Figures 26A and 26B, when you receive an order from the control center indicating that
ES 2 392 974 T3 the electrically driven bus is going to return to the loading station, the control system of the mechanical arms first determines if the mechanical arms are in the position opposite the loading rack corresponding to the bus electrically driven that returns, or not; if so, they wait there for the bus; if not, they move to the position in front of the charging rack corresponding to the returning electrically powered bus, and they prepare to remove both the used box battery pack from the electrically powered bus and an electrically charged box battery pack. , arranged on the electric charging rack. The control system then performs the procedure to replace the battery box assembly as the electrically powered bus is oriented into position. If it is detected that a group of battery units is not capable of operation, then it refers to the procedure to repair the failed battery pack in case (as shown in Figures 24-25); otherwise, it performs a control to extract the used battery pack in a box from the electrically driven bus and place it in its corresponding layer of the electric charging rack, and carries out the charging procedure (as shown in Figures 21- 22).
As shown in Figure 27, the repair platform 500 related to the repair procedure has attachment openings 517 and locking means 514. The attachment aperture is in correspondence with the attachment arms on the mechanical arms of the loading and unloading apparatus.
As shown in Figure 28, when one of the battery unit groups is not capable of operating in the boxed battery assembly, as the electrically powered bus travels down the street, the bus-mounted and installed PLC the electrically powered bus will send digital signals to the control center in the form of wireless pulses. The signals include information about the group of battery units that has failed in the battery box assembly, as well as the GPS (Global Position System) message about the geographic position of the electrically powered bus. The control center will then send a command to the mechanical arms to prepare a repair procedure (as shown in Figures 24-25, repair procedure 390, and post-repair procedure 391). In the event that no more than two groups of battery units in the battery box assembly are capable of operating, the control center may instruct the express service system 600 to initiate the rescue procedure. If the electrically powered bus requires replacement of the battery pack during normal operation, the control center 100 will command the charging and discharging apparatus 300 to orient itself in the corresponding position, opposite the boxed battery pack located on the storage rack. electric charging station 401, in electric charging station 400. As the electrically powered bus drives into the electric charging station and is oriented in front of the charging and discharging apparatus 300, the mechanical arms of the charging and discharging apparatus 300 will perform a normal procedure to replace the battery assembly at cassette (as shown in Figure 26, which illustrates the normal exchange procedure). If a group of battery units in the boxed battery pack is not capable of operation, the electrically powered bus sends signals to the control center 100 via a communication protocol, the control center 100 sends a command, and then , the loading and unloading apparatus 300 carries out a repair procedure. The charging and discharging apparatus takes an electrically charged battery pack from the electric charging rack 401 and places it inside the electrically powered bus 200, which will return to normal operation. The failed battery assembly 204 is brought to the repair platform 500 (Figure 27 shows the structure of the repair platform 500), which is located within the electric charging station, for manual maintenance and repair. Once the battery box assembly has been repaired and maintained, the repair operator sends signals to the control center 100 through a Can bus, the control center 100 commands the mechanical arms of the charging apparatus and downloads 300 to perform the post-repair procedure (as indicated in Figure 25, which shows the post-repair procedure 391), and place the repaired battery pack back on its corresponding layer of the charging shelf to be charged (referred to in Figures 21 and 22, the procedures for charging the boxed battery pack on the electric charging shelf , and to charge it electrically). If the bus-mounted PLC 260 sends a protocol signal indicating that two or more groups of battery units in the battery box assembly are not capable of operation, the control center 100 may instruct the express service system 600 to send a rescue vehicle 601 to the place where the bus has failed, according to the GPS geographic position information sent by the control system mounted on the bus.
The high voltage section of the box battery pack provides power to the main motor that propels the electrically powered bus 200. The low voltage section of the box battery pack provides power for other devices on the bus, such as lights and speaker. The high voltage section of the box battery assembly is electrically charged by means of a high voltage electrical charger located in the electrical charging station. The low voltage section of the box battery assembly is electrically charged by a low voltage electrical charger located in the electrical charging station. No power is transferred between the high-voltage section and the low-voltage section during the operation of the bus on the line, in order to improve the efficiency of electric power utilization and the reliability of the electric power supply system.
ES 2 392 974 T3
As shown in Figure 29, the existing system control method 272 in the bus-mounted PLC, mounted on the electrically powered bus 200, may include a method for measuring speed, 273, a method for treating the data, a procedure for displaying the rotational speed of the motor, 274, a procedure for replacing the cased battery assembly, 275, a method of displaying the capacity of the cased battery pack, 276, a method of scanning the cased battery pack, and a method of severing the battery unit connection, 283, 284. The aforementioned procedures visually present analog data capable of being interpreted by a person, in the instrument panel placed in front of the driver for their consideration, obtained by sensors arranged on the transmission shaft and on the motor shaft of the bus. , and by data processing and its conversion from digital to analog. The front end of the bus-mounted control system high-voltage control performs a scan of all cased battery unit groups by operating a subordinate procedure, or sub-procedure, established in accordance with procedure 272. If all groups of battery units in the case battery pack are in good condition, the current capacity of the case battery pack will be displayed. If one of the groups of battery units is not capable of operation, sub-procedure 283 or 284 of procedure 272 will be carried out in order to cut or interrupt the group of battery units that has failed by means of a combination of relays. located at the front end of the high-voltage control, and simultaneously alert the driver that the capacity of the battery pack in the box has been reduced. In the event that two or more groups of battery units are not capable of operation, the driver will be instructed to park the bus on the side of the street or highway and wait for instructions from the express service system 600. The bus-mounted PLC sends the communication protocol including GPS information to the control center 100 via its wireless digital pulse transmitter, and then the express service system 600 will dispatch the rescue vehicle 601 for an urgent service.
While the electrically powered bus is in operation, its control system, mounted on the bus, will scan all groups of battery units in the battery box assembly 204, record their voltage data, and in turn store them. The current capacity of the boxed battery pack is visually displayed on the existing capacity display device in the box or panel, below the steering wheel, after data processing. If the voltage in one of the groups of the box battery pack 204 is less than a threshold voltage after being scanned 6 times continuously, the control system mounted on the bus will interrupt or cut the connection of this group with the rest of the boxed battery pack by closing the corresponding relays (referenced in Figure 4), and then it will display the capacity of the boxed battery pack as half, to remind the bus driver to return to the electric charging station for repair. If the voltages of two groups are less than a threshold voltage after being scanned 6 times continuously, the bus-mounted control system will initiate a stop procedure 284 to stop the bus, and display the capacity of the battery pack in case as zero. The bus will then park on the side of the road or street and will not be allowed to circulate. On the other hand, the GPS information and the fault information are sent to the control center 100 and the urgent service system 600 by means of a communication protocol, in the form of wireless impulses, and the bus awaits the service of the rescue vehicle 601 .
The electric public transportation systems of the present invention have been illustrated in details accompanying the drawings, including the structures, function, and communication protocol of all parts. Any technical changes or modifications in the electric public transport system and / or its components, based on the specification of the present invention and carried out by the person skilled in the art, will be within the scope of the present invention.
Industrial applicability
The present invention can be applied in public transportation systems to ensure that an electrically powered bus runs continuously online and to improve the efficiency of use of electric buses.
Contents10
33 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7 Sheet 8 Sheet 9 Sheet 10 Sheet 11 Sheet 12 Sheet 13 Sheet 14 Sheet 15 Sheet 16 Sheet 17 Sheet 18 Sheet 19 Sheet 20 Sheet 21 Sheet 22 Sheet 23 Sheet 24 Sheet 25 Sheet 26 Sheet 27 Sheet 28 Sheet 29 Sheet 30 Sheet 31 Sheet 32 Sheet 33
23 members in 13 offices
Priority claims10
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 200410090796 | China | A | |
| 200410090796 | China | A | |
| 200410090796 | China | – | |
| 2004001373 | China | W | |
| 2004001373 | China | W | |
| 200410090796 | – | – | – |
| CN20041090796 | – | – | – |
| CN2004190796 | – | – | – |
| PCTCN2004001373 | – | – | – |
| WO2004CN01373 | – | – | – |
Members23
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN1605514A | China | A | |
| CA2586997A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| WO2006050637A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| CN1261319C | China | C | |
| TW200630250A | Taiwan Province of China | A | |
| TWI268885B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| EP1810869A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| KR20070085994A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| EP1810869A8 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A8 | |
| BRPI0419167A | Brazil | A | |
| JP2008520173A | Japan | A | |
| US2008258682A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| KR100931285B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| EP1810869A4 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A4 | |
| JP4620125B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| US8022666B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1810869B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DK1810869T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| MY147471A | Malaysia | A | |
| ES2392974T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| PL1810869T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| CA2586997C | Canada | C | |
| BRPI0419167B1 | Brazil | B1 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2392974
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2392974
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2392974T
- Application
- 4802401
- Application, DOCDB
- 04802401
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20040802401T
Titles2
- Spanish
- Un sistema de autobús eléctrico
- English
- An electric bus system
Classification
- CPC, 16
- B60L53/80
- B60L50/50
- B60K2001/0455
- B60L2200/18
- Y02T90/14
- Y02T90/16
- B60L2200/26
- Y02T10/7072
- B60L53/11
- B60L58/18
- B60L58/21
- B60L58/25
- B60L50/66
- B60L50/64
- Y02T10/70
- Y02T90/12
- IPC, 6
- B60S5 06
- B60L11 00
- B60L11 18
- H01M50 249
- H01M50 258
- H04M11 02