Precipitated silicas for storage-stable rtv-1 silicone rubber formulations without stabilizer
Abstract
Silicon precipitation acid with an isolated SiOH isolation ratio greater than or equal to 1.5, a density of silanoles groups of 1 to 3.0 SiOH / nm2 and a modified rammed density of 1 to 50 g / l, characterized in that it has a value of pH 3-5, excluding a precipitation silicic acid with a pH value of 4-5.

Term
2.1 yearsto projected expiry
Projected expiry 28 October 2028, counted from filing; an application has no term until it is granted.
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24 claims: 1 independent, 23 dependent
- 1ES 2 389 986 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Ácido silícico de precipitación con una relación de extinción SiOHaislado mayor o igual que 1,5, una densidad de grupos silanoles de 1 a 3,0 SiOH/nm 2 y una densidad apisonada modificada de 1 a 50 g/l, caracterizado porque él tiene un valor del pH de 3-5, estando excluido un ácido silícico de precipitación con un valor del pH de 4 - 5.
- 2Ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque él tiene las siguientes propiedades:Superficie de BET 50 - 600 m 2 /g Superficie de CTAB 50 - 350 m 2 /g DBP (anhidro) 150 - 400 g/100 g
- 3Ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque de un 30 a un 100 % de las partículas de la curva de distribución de partículas referida al volumen son 1 pm y/o porque el valor de d90 no es mayor que 0,001 - 10 pm.
- 4Ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 3, caracterizado porque la curva de distribución de partículas es bimodal.
- 5Ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 4, caracterizado porque la pérdida por calcinación es de 0,1 - 3,0 % en peso y/o porque la pérdida por desecación es de 0,1 - 3,0 % en peso.
- 6Ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 5, caracterizado porque se trata de un ácido silícico de precipitación hidrófilo.
- 7Procedimiento para la producción de un ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 6, caracterizado porque comprende las siguientes etapas;1. Reacción de por lo menos un silicato con por lo menos un agente de acidificación;2. Filtración y lavado del ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido;3. Desecación del ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido o respectivamente de la torta de filtro;4. Molienda opcional del ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido después de la etapa 3;5. Atemperamiento del ácido silícico de precipitación secado y/o molido;6. Molienda opcional del ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido después de la etapa 5, caracterizado porque después de las etapas 3 y/o 4 y/o de la etapa 5 y/o de la etapa 6 se añade por lo menos un agente de acidificación, de tal manera que el ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido al final del procedimiento tenga un valor del pH de 3 - 5, estando excluido un ácido silícico de precipitación con un valor del pH de 4 - 5.
- 8Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7, caracterizado porque la etapa 1 abarca las siguientes etapas parciales:1a Producción de una carga previa a base de agua o respectivamente a base de agua y de por lo menos un silicato y/o de una solución de un silicato, estando situado el valor del pH de la carga previa así obtenida de manera preferente entre un pH de 5 y un pH de 10 y estando situada la temperatura de la carga previa de manera preferida entre 80 y 100 °C;1b Adición dosificada de por lo menos un silicato y/o de una solución de un silicato y de por lo menos un agente de acidificación mediando agitación a 80 hasta 100 °C a la carga previa procedente de la etapa parcial 1a), durante tanto tiempo hasta que se haya alcanzado un contenido de materiales sólidos de la suspensión de precipitación, que conduce al contenido de materiales sólidos que se ha de alcanzar en la etapa parcial 1c);1c) Adición de un agente de acidificación a una temperatura de la suspensión de precipitación de 80 a 100 °C, de manera tal que el valor del pH de la suspensión de precipitación sea disminuido a 2 hasta 6 y el contenido de materiales sólidos de la suspensión de precipitación al final de esta etapa parcial esté situado entre 30 y 70 g/l.
- 9Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 7 u 8, caracterizado porque el valor del pH a lo largo de la duración de la etapa parcial (1b) es mantenido constante en un valor comprendido entre un pH de 7 y un pH de 10.
- 10Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 7 hasta 9, caracterizado porque los parámetros de molienda se escogen de tal manera que el producto molido tiene en el intervalo 1 pm de la distribución de partículas referida al volumen una proporción de partículas finas de 5 a 100 % y/o un valor de d90 de la curva de distribución de partículas referida al volumen comprendido entre 0,001 y 10 pm. ES 2 389 986 T3
- 11Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 10, caracterizado porque para la molienda se utiliza un molino de chorros, de manera preferida un molino de chorros opuestos en lecho fluidizado.
- 12Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 11, caracterizado porque el molino de chorros opuestos en lecho fluidizado se hace funcionar con vapor de agua como medio de funcionamiento.
- 13Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 10 hasta 12, caracterizado porque la molienda se lleva a cabo mediante un sistema de molienda (equipo de molienda), de manera preferida mediante un sistema de molienda que comprende un molino de chorros y porque el molino es hecho funcionar en la fase de molienda con un medio de funcionamiento, escogido entre el grupo que se compone de un gas y/o un vapor, de manera preferida un vapor de agua y/o un vapor de agua que contiene un gas, y porque el recinto de molienda se calienta en una fase de calentamiento, es decir antes del funcionamiento propiamente dicho con el medio de funcionamiento, de tal manera que la temperatura en el recinto de molienda y/o a la salida del molino esté situada en un valor más alto que el punto de rocío del vapor y/o del medio de funcionamiento.
- 14Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 7 hasta 13, caracterizado porque el atemperamiento del ácido silícico de precipitación conforme al invento en la etapa 5 se lleva a cabo en un reactor de lecho turbulento, de lecho fluido o de tubo rotatorio.
- 15Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 14, caracterizado porque se utiliza un reactor de lecho turbulento y porque se llevan a cabo las siguientes etapas parciales:5a. Llenado del ácido silícico de precipitación en el reactor de lecho turbulento;5b. Calentamiento previo del reactor a 300 hasta 800 °C, siendo recorrido al mismo tiempo el reactor por un gas inerte y/o por una mezcla de nitrógeno y aire, de tal manera que se ajusta una velocidad de fluidización de 0,02 a 0,06 m/s;5c. Alimentación de una mezcla gaseosa I a base de vapor de agua y de un gas inerte, o de una mezcla gaseosa II a base de vapor de agua, de un gas inerte y de aire a 300 hasta 800 °C durante un período de tiempo de 0,25 a 6 h, recorriendo la mezcla gaseosa el reactor con una velocidad de fluidización de 0,02 a 0,06 m/s y teniendo las mezclas gaseosas I y II una concentración de vapor de agua de 10 a 95 % en volumen y en el caso de la mezcla gaseosa II un contenido de oxígeno de 0,01 a 21 % en volumen;5d. Interrupción de la adición de vapor y expulsión del vapor mediante un gas inerte, p.ej. nitrógeno, y/o una mezcla de un gas inerte y aire a 300 hasta 800 °C, atravesando el gas o respectivamente la mezcla gaseosa al reactor con una velocidad de fluidización de 0,02 a 0,06 m/s y, en el caso de la utilización de la mezcla de un gas inerte y aire, teniendo ésta un contenido de oxígeno de 0,01 a 21 % en volumen;5e. Enfriamiento del ácido silícico de precipitación atemperado a la temperatura ambiente en una atmósfera de proceso seca, y en el caso de la utilización de una mezcla de un gas inerte y aire, teniendo ésta un contenido de oxigeno de 0,01 a 21 % en volumen.
- 16Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 7 hasta 15, caracterizado porque el ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido de acuerdo con las etapas 5 y/o 6 es acidificado con un agente de acidificación gaseoso, de manera preferida HCl y/o HBr y/u óxidos de nitrógeno y/o SO3 evaporado y/o SOCl2 evaporado, a un valor del pH de 3 - 5, estando excluido un valor del pH de 4 - 5.
- 17Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 16, caracterizado porque el ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido después de las etapas 5 y/o 6, es acidificado con un agente de acidificación gaseoso, de manera preferida HCl y/o HBr y/u óxidos de nitrógeno y/o SO3 evaporado y/o SOCl2 evaporado, a un valor del pH de 3 - 5, estando excluido un valor del pH de 4 - 5, y después de esto se barre con un gas inerte, de manera preferida nitrógeno y/o aire seco.
- 18Procedimiento de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 7 hasta 15, caracterizado porque el ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido después de las etapas 5 y/o 6 es subdividido en una fracción A y una fracción B, la fracción A es acidificada con un agente de acidificación gaseoso, de manera preferida HCl y/o HBr y/u óxidos de nitrógeno y/o SO3 evaporado y/o SOCl2 evaporado, a un valor del pH de 2 a 4,5, y después de ello la fracción A acidificada se mezcla con la fracción B de tal manera que el ácido silícico de precipitación así obtenido tenga al final del procedimiento un valor del pH de 3 - 5, estando excluido un valor del pH de 4 - 5.
- 19Procedimiento de acuerdo con la reivindicación 18, caracterizado porque el ácido silícico de precipitación obtenido después de las etapas 5 y/o 6 es subdividido en una fracción A y una fracción B, la fracción A es acidificada con un agente de acidificación gaseoso, de manera preferida HCl y/o HBr y/u óxidos de nitrógeno y/o SO3 evaporado y/o SOCl2 evaporado, a un valor del pH de 2 a 4,5, es barrida con un gas inerte, de manera preferida nitrógeno y/o aire seco, y después de ello la fracción acidificada A es mezclada con la fracción B de tal manera que el ácido silícico de precipitación así obtenido tenga al final del procedimiento un valor del pH de 3 - 5, estando excluido un valor del pH de 4 - 5. ES 2 389 986 T3
- 20Utilización de ácidos silícicos de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 6 para la producción de masas de estanqueidad.
- 21Utilización de acuerdo con la reivindicación 20, caracterizado porque en el caso de la masa de estanqueidad se trata de un caucho de silicona RTV-1K o respectivamente de masas de estanqueidad de siliconas de los diferentes 5 sistemas de reticulación (que se reticulan con acetoxi, que se reticulan con alcoxi y/o que se reticulan con oximas).
- 22Masa de estanqueidad que contiene por lo menos un ácido silícico de precipitación de acuerdo con una de las reivindicaciones 1 hasta 6.
- 23Masa de estanqueidad de acuerdo con la reivindicación 22, caracterizada porque en el caso de esta masa de estanqueidad se trata de un caucho de silicona RTV-1K o respectivamente de masas de estanqueidad de siliconas 10 de los diferentes sistemas de reticulación (que se reticulan con acetoxi, que se reticulan con alcoxi y/o que se reticulan con oximas).
- 24Utilización de la masa de estanqueidad de acuerdo con la reivindicación 22 ó 23 en la industria de la construcción como masas de la estanqueidad de juntas, en la industria de los automóviles como material adhesivo y de estanqueidad y/o como masas de revestimiento para tejidos textiles.
Independent claims24
420 paragraphs in 22 sections, as filed
ES 2 389 986 T3
DESCRIPTION
Precipitating silicic acids for storage stable RTV-1 silicone rubber formulations without any stabilizer
The present invention relates to precipitation silicic acids that make it possible to produce formulations of RTV-1 silicone rubbers that are stable in storage, to a process for their production and to their use for thickening sealing masses.
As sealing masses are to be understood elastic materials, applied in a form from liquid to viscous for sealing buildings or installations against water, atmospheric influence or aggressive media.
Silicone rubbers are masses that can be transformed into an elastic state like rubber, containing poly (diorganosiloxanes) as base polymers, which have groups accessible to crosslinking reactions. As such predominantly H atoms, OH groups and vinyl groups come into question, which are located near the ends of the chains, but which can also be introduced into a chain. In this system fillers are incorporated as reinforcing agents, the type and quantity of which clearly influence the mechanical and chemical behavior of the vulcanized materials. Silicone rubbers can be dyed by inorganic pigments. A difference is established between silicone rubbers that are hot vulcanized and those that are cold vulcanized (high / room temperature vulcanizing = with the acronyms HTV / RTV).
In the case of cold curing or RTV silicone rubber masses, differences can be established between one-component systems and two-component systems. The first group (RTV-1K) polymerizes slowly at room temperature under the influence of air humidity, crosslinking by condensation of SiOH groups taking place through the formation of bonds between Si and O<sup>-</sup>. SiOH groups are formed by hydrolysis of SiX groups of a chemical species formed intermediately from a polymer with OH groups at the ends and a so-called R-SiX3 crosslinking agent (eg X = -O-CO- CH3, -NHR). In the case of two-component rubbers (RTV-2K), mixtures of silicic acid esters (eg. ethyl silicate) and organic tin compounds, the formation of a Si-O-Si bridge from ESI-OR and ESI-OH (- = methyl group; R = organic radical) being effected as a crosslinking reaction by separation of an alcohol.
Silicic acids are used, among other compounds, to thicken an RTV-1K silicone rubber. Due to the sensitivity of silicone sealants to hydrolysis, these must incorporate as little moisture as possible into the system. Thus, up to now, pyrogenic silicic acids have been used almost exclusively for this use. The hydrophilic precipitating silicic acids could not be used until now because of their high moisture content.
The international patent application document WO 2005/061384 discloses the production and use, among other things in a silicone rubber, of precipitation silicic acids which, according to the claim, must have a water absorption of <6 % and a PDO value> 300 ml / 100 g. However, the precipitation silicic acids disclosed in the Examples of WO 2005/061384 all have a water absorption of between 5.7 and 5.9% and therefore, for the reasons mentioned above, are not suitable for use. Use in RTV-1K formulations. As a consequence, document WO 2005/061384 only describes the use of silicone rubber formulations for extrusion processes (HTV).
In the European patent document EP 1557446 exclusively HTV silicone rubber formulations are described. The precipitated silicic acids used there have a loss on drying of <4%. The formulations disclosed in EP 1557446 are used for the production of insulation materials such as eg cable wraps.
From the German patent application DE 102005005046 precipitation silicic acids are known which have a density of silanol groups that is less than 2.5 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup>, and that they are silylated together to the surface.
Furthermore, from EP 1561727 alkaline precipitating silicic acids with a pH value> 8 are known.
Summarizing, it can therefore be stated that no precipitating silicic acid is disclosed in the aforementioned state of the art that meets the high requirements for use in a silicone rubber.
ES 2 389 986 T3
RTV-1K. Therefore, there is a great need for such silicic acids that are suitable for uses in RTV-1K systems.
In order to solve the aforementioned problem, in DE 102006024591 and DE102006024590 precipitation silicic acids which are suitable for RTV-1K silicone rubber formulations were proposed. However, a disadvantage of the precipitated silicic acids disclosed there is the fact that a stabilizing agent and relatively large amounts of crosslinking agents have to be added to achieve good storage stability of the RTV-1K formulations.
Starting from the state of the art described above, the mission of the present invention consisted in making available precipitating silicic acids, in which cases the previously mentioned disadvantages of the precipitating silicic acids of the state of the art were totally or at least eliminated. less partially. What's more. A process for the production of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention must be made available.
Other missions not explicitly mentioned are established from the global connection between the specification, the examples and the claims.
Surprisingly, it was found that the problem posed by this task is solved by the precipitation silicic acids according to the invention, defined in greater detail in the subsequent description, as well as in the claims and in the Examples.
Therefore, the object of the present invention are precipitation silicic acids that have an isolated SiOH extinction ratio greater than or equal to 1.5, a density of silanol groups of 1 to 3.0 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup> and a tamped density modified from 1 to 50 g / l and which are characterized in that the pH value of the precipitation silicic acid is situated in the range of 3-5, a precipitation silicic acid with a pH value of 4-5 being excluded. 5.
Another object of the invention are precipitation silicic acids, preferably hydrophilic precipitation silicic acids, which together with the aforementioned parameters have, independently of each other, one or more of the following physical and chemical parameters:
- Area of BET 50 - 600 m<sup>2</sup>/ g
- CTAB surface 50 - 350 m<sup>2</sup>/ g
- DBP (anhydrous) 150 - 400 g / 100 g
- Loss on calcination 0.1 - 3.0% by weight
- Loss on drying 0.1 - 3.0% by weight
- Proportion of particles <1 pm in the distribution of particles referred to the volume from 5 to 100%
- Value of dgü of the distribution of particles referred to the volume from 0.001 to 10 pm
A further object of the present invention is a process for the production of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention as defined in the claims and in the subsequent description.
A further object of the present invention is the use of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention in sealing compositions, in particular silicone rubber or silicone sealing compositions, and particularly preferably in RTV-sealing compositions. 1K. The use is possible in different cross-linking systems, eg those that cross-link with acetoxy, those that cross-link with alkoxy, and those that cross-link with oximes. These systems find use eg in the construction industry as joint sealing compounds, in the automobile industry as an adhesive and sealing material and as coating compositions for eg textile fabrics.
A further object of the present invention are sealing compounds made on the basis of a silicone rubber, containing the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention, and their use.
Due to their special structure and surface quality, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention have the advantage that they guarantee high stability after incorporation into masses of silicone rubbers, especially of the RTV-1K type. in storage, a high structural stability and an optimum pour point of silicone rubber, without the silicone rubber formulations containing a stabilizing agent.
The inventors have surprisingly discovered that precipitating silicic acids with an isolated SiOH extinction ratio greater than or equal to 1.5, a silanol group density of 1 to 3.0 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup> and a tamped density modified from 1 to 50 g / l, when they have a pH value situated in the range of 3-5,
ES 2 389 986 T3 being excluded a precipitating silicic acid with a pH value of 4-5, they make possible a good storage stability of the silicone rubber formulations without the addition of any stabilizing agent.
Furthermore, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention have the advantage that by means of the special combination of the parameters claimed in claim 1, the required amount of crosslinking agents in RTV-1K silicone rubber formulations can be significantly reduced, which leads to a noteworthy economic advantage.
Despite having dispensed with a stabilizing agent and the amount of crosslinking agent having been reduced, the RTV-1K formulations containing the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention have a high thixotropy. Furthermore, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can be incorporated and dispersed well and quickly in silicone rubber formulations and thus achieve a high thickening effect in RTV-1K silicone rubber compositions.
In addition to this, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention offer, compared to the pyrogenic silicic acids used hitherto in an RTV-1K silicone rubber, an essential cost advantage, since they can be produced at a cheaper price. .
The objects of the invention are described in detail below.
In the present invention, the terms "silicic acid" and "precipitation silicic acid" are used synonymously. As "hydrophilic precipitating silicic acids" are understood in this context those whose surface behaves hydrophilically when introduced with stirring in water, that is to say whose surface is completely wetted by water and therefore have a contact angle with respect to water. which is less than 90 °. The hydrophilic precipitating silicic acids according to the invention preferably have a carbon content of <0.5% by weight.
The precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are distinguished by the fact that they have a particularly large proportion of isolated SiOH groups, expressed by the isolated SiOH extinction ratio, on their surface. The SiOH-isolated extinction ratio of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention is greater than or equal to 1.5, preferably between 1.5 and 10, particularly preferably between 1.5 and 7, very particularly preferably between 1.8 and 5, especially preferably between 2 and 4.5, very especially preferably between 2.3 and 4.0 and particularly preferably between 2.3 and 3.5. This special surface quality of the precipitated silicic acids is an essential property, which leads to the precipitated silicic acids in silicone rubber formulations leading to high storage stability, improved structural stability and optimized flow behavior.
The precipitating acids according to the invention are further distinguished by a low density of silanol groups, that is to say by a large distance from the silanol groups on the surface of the precipitated silicic acid. To determine the density of silanol groups, the number of silanol groups located on the surface of the precipitated silicic acid is first determined by LiAlH. However, this data alone is not of great informative value, since the precipitated silicic acids with a high surface area generally have a higher absolute number of silanol groups than the precipitated silicic acids with a low surface area. Therefore, the number of silanol groups has to be related to the surface of the precipitated silicic acid. The BET surface is recommended for this as a suitable surface, since it describes the surface that is also accessible to small molecules such as, for example, water. The silanol group density of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention is preferably in the range 1.0 to 3.0 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup>, more preferably 1.0 to 2.8 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup>, particularly preferably 1.5 to 2.8 SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup>. If the number of silanol groups per nm<sup>2</sup> is too low, then this can lead to a low flow limit and therefore can adversely affect the structural stability of silicone sealants.
In addition, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention have a low, modified rammed density. In this case, it must be taken into account that the term "modified rammed density" means the rammed density measured in the unconsolidated material. In order to be able to determine this magnitude also in materials already previously consolidated by packaging and storage, a preparation of the samples has to be carried out as described in the paragraph "determination of the modified tamped density". The precipitated silicic acids according to the invention preferably have a modified rammed density of 1 to 50 g / l, particularly preferably 5 to 55 g / l, very particularly preferably 10 to 50 g / l and especially preferred 10 to 30 g / l.
Finally, the precipitation silicic acids according to the invention are distinguished by a pH value in the range 3-5, a precipitation silicic acid having a pH value of 4-5 being excluded. The low pH value allows, when making the silicone rubber formulations, dispense with the agent
ES 2 389 986 T3 stabilizer and therefore achieve good storage stability even without any stabilizing agent.
Without being bound by any special theory, the special properties of the precipitating silicic acids according to the invention, that is to say that they make it possible to produce shelf-stable silicone rubber formulations with outstanding technical performance properties, such as e.g. good structural stability and good rheology, without the addition of any stabilizing agent, can be explained by the high number of SiOH groups isolated from the precipitating silicic acids in combination with their long distance, with the low modified rammed density and over all with the low pH value. Furthermore, by means of this special combination of physical and chemical properties of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention, it can be achieved that, when the silicic acids according to the invention are used as fillers in silicone rubber formulations , only small amounts of crosslinking agents are necessary for the formulation.
The specific surface area of BET describes the influence of the precipitated silicic acid on the incorporation behavior in silicone rubber as well as on the properties of the crude mixtures (cf. the quotation of S. Brunauer, PH Emmett, E. Teller, " Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers ”, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 60, 309 (1938)). Thus, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can have a BET surface area of 50 to 600 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, preferably 50 to 400 μm<sup>2</sup>/ g, particularly preferably 50 to 250 μm<sup>2</sup>/ g, very particularly preferred 80 to 230 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, particularly preferably 100 to 180 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, very particularly preferably 125 to 180 m<sup>2</sup>/ g and particularly preferably 140 to 170 m<sup>2</sup>/ g.
The specific surface area of CTAB is predominantly of decisive importance for the reinforcing property of the precipitated silicic acid (cf. Janzen, Kraus, Rubber Chem. Technol. 44, 1287 (1971)). The reinforcement potential increases with increasing CTAB surface. Thus, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can have a CTAB surface area of 50 to 350 μm.<sup>2</sup>/ g, particularly preferably 50 to 250 μm<sup>2</sup>/ g, very particularly preferred 80 to 230 m<sup>2</sup>/ g, particularly preferably 100 to 200 μm<sup>2</sup>/ g and very particularly preferably 125 to 190 m<sup>2</sup>/ g.
In addition, it has been found that a high DBP absorption of the silicic acids according to the invention is useful in order to achieve good rheological properties in the case of silicone rubber formulations. Too high DBP values can however lead to an excessive rise in the viscosity of the silicone rubber and should therefore be avoided. Therefore, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention preferably have a DBP absorption of 150 to 400 g / (100 g), particularly preferably 200 to 350 g / (100 g), very particularly preferably 220 to 330 g / (100 g), especially preferably 250 to 330 g / (100 g) and very especially preferably 260 to 320 g / (100 g).
The inventors have also found that for the structural stability of silicone sealants it can be particularly advantageous if the precipitated silicic acids have a sufficient proportion of fine particles, that is to say of particles <1 pm. This also applies to all the embodiments described above.
The precipitation silicic acids according to the invention therefore have in the particle size range <1 pm of the particle size distribution based on volume, preferably a fine particle content of 30 to 100%, more preferably 30 to 95%, particularly preferably 35 to 95%, very particularly preferably 35 to 90%, especially preferably 40 to 90%, especially preferably 45 to 80%, and particularly preferably from 50 to 80%.
It has also been found that too high a proportion of coarse particles can adversely affect the technical use properties of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention. Therefore, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are preferably distinguished by the fact that, based on the particle distribution curve relative to volume, the value of dg is between 0.001 and 10 pm, preferably between 1 and 10 pm, particularly preferably between 2 and 8 pm, particularly preferably between 3 and 7 pm.
The particle distributions can be monomodal or bimodal, preferably bimodal.
It has also been found that for all the above-described embodiments of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention, it can be particularly advantageous if the precipitated silicic acid collectively incorporates as little moisture as possible in the sealing compound beforehand. silicone. The precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can have an initial moisture, expressed by loss on drying, of 0.1 to 3.0% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 2.5% by weight, so singularly preferred 0.3 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably 0.4 to
ES 2 389 986 T3
1.8% by weight and / or by a loss on ignition of 0.1-3.0% by weight, preferably 0.2 to 3.0% by weight, particularly preferably 0.3 to 2.0% by weight and particularly preferably 0.4 to 1.8% by weight.
The mentioned preferred ranges can be adjusted independently of each other.
The precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can be produced according to a process which comprises the following steps:
1. Reaction of at least one silicate with at least one acidifying agent;
2. Filtration and washing of the precipitated silicic acid obtained;
3. Desiccation of the precipitated silicic acid obtained or respectively of the filter cake;
Four. Optional grinding of the precipitated silicic acid obtained after step 3;
5. Tempering of the dried and / or ground precipitated silicic acid;
6. Optional grinding of the precipitated silicic acid obtained after step 5;
and that it is characterized in that after stages 3 and / or 4 and / or stage 5 and / or stage 6 at least one acidifying agent is added, in such a way that the precipitated silicic acid obtained at the end of the process has a pH value of 3-5, excluding a precipitating silicic acid with a pH value of 4-5.
In this case, stage 1 preferably encompasses the partial stages of
1a Production of a water-based or water-based pre-charge and at least one silicate and / or a solution of a silicate, the pH value of the pre-charge obtained in this way being situated, preferably between a pH of 5 and pH of 10 and the temperature of the pre-charge being preferably between 80 and 100 ° C;
1b Metered addition of at least one silicate and / or a solution of a silicate and of at least one acidifying agent with stirring at 80 to 100 ° C to the previous charge from partial stage 1a), for as long as until a solids content of the precipitation suspension has been reached, leading to the solids content to be achieved in partial stage 1c). In this case, the addition of a silicate and / or a silicate solution and an acidifying agent is particularly preferably carried out at the same time and / or in such a way that the pH value is kept constant for the duration of the cycle. partial stage 1b) at a value comprised at a pH of 7 and a pH of 10;
1c) Addition of an acidifying agent at a temperature of the precipitation suspension of 80 to 100 ° C, in such a way that the pH value of the precipitation suspension is decreased to 2 to 6 and that the content of solid materials of the precipitation suspension at the end of this partial stage is between 30 and 70 g / l;
Preferably, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are ground. This takes place particularly preferably in such a way that the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are ground in a stage 4, that is to say between stages 3 and 5 or in a stage 6, that is to say after stage 5, or both. in stage 4, i.e. between stages 3 and 5, as well as in stage 6, i.e. after stage 5.
All known forms of silicates come into question for the silicates or the silicate solutions used in stage 1) of the process according to the invention. The silicates used according to the invention are preferably alkali metal silicates, eg sodium or potassium silicates. In a particularly preferred manner, step 1 is a sodium silicate (a water glass). The weight ratio of SiO2 to Na2O thereof is between 2 and 4, preferably between 3 and 3.6 and particularly preferably between 3.3 and 3.5. The SO content is preferably between 20 and 40% by weight, particularly preferably between 25 and 30% by weight.
Acidifying agents include acidic compounds of an organic or inorganic nature, with the help of which the pH value of the precipitation suspension can be lowered. Preferably, inorganic acids such as hydrochloric acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid or nitric acid, or organic acids such as acetic acid, formic acid or carbonic acid or respectively dioxide can be used.
ES 2 389 986 T3 of carbon. Both diluted and concentrated acids can be used. Sulfuric acid is used particularly preferably in the process according to the invention.
In most cases, the silicate and / or the silicate solution used as well as the acidifying agent are identical in the sub-steps 1a) to 1c).
The pH value of the pre-charge in partial stage 1a) is preferably between a pH of 7 and a pH of 10, particularly preferably between a pH of 8 and a pH of 9. The temperature of the charge The previous setting is 80 to 100 ° C, preferably 85 to 95 ° C.
In partial stage 1b), the silicate and the acidifying agent are preferably metered in at the same time. The addition of the two components is preferably carried out continuously unchanged throughout the entire duration of the partial stage 1b). Meanwhile, the temperature remains 80 to 100 ° C, preferably 85 to 95 ° C. The duration of the addition is carried out for so long until the content of solid materials to be reached at the end of step 1c) has been reached. In such a case it may be necessary for the precipitation to continue beyond the point of viscosity rise. This point of rise in viscosity corresponds in this context to the moment at which a strong increase in the viscosity of the precipitation suspension can be observed in the course of the precipitation, for this compare EP 0643015. During the partial stage 1b), in which the precipitation of the silicic acid begins, the pH value is kept as constant as possible at a pH value between a pH of 7 and a pH of 10, preferably constant at a pH value between a pH of 7.5 and a pH of 9.5 and very particularly preferably constant at a pH value between a pH of 8 and a pH of 9. Corrections for a deviating pH value are generally carried out by increasing or decreasing the addition of the acidifying agent, such that the adjusted pH value preferably fluctuates by only ± 0.2 pH units. , particularly preferably only ± 0.1 pH units.
By adding an acidifying agent at a temperature of the precipitation suspension of 80 to 100 ° C in partial stage 1c), the pH value of the latter is lowered to 2 to 6, preferably at a pH of 3 to 6 , especially preferably at a pH of 3 to a pH of 4. The solids content of the precipitation suspension at the end of this partial stage is between 30 and 70 g / l, preferably between 45 and 60 g / l, and very particularly preferably between 45 and 55 g / l.
Without being linked in any way to a special theory, in partial stage 1b), through the appropriate choice of the process parameters, a chain-like structure of the conglomerates must be constituted. Due to the correspondingly slow additional precipitation, even after the viscosity rise point, a strengthening of this conglomerate structure is achieved, which until now has been rather discohesionate.
In all embodiments of the process according to the invention, the dosing rates in step 1b) must be chosen both before and after the viscosity rise point in such a way that the content of 30 to 70 is reached. g / l to be achieved after acidification in step 1c).
Filtration, liquefaction (e.g. according to DE 2447613) and long or short-term drying of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are common for a person skilled in the art and can be consulted, for example, in the documents mentioned in the specification. Filtration and washing of the precipitated silicic acid are preferably carried out in such a way that the conductivity of the final product is <1000 pS / cm, preferably <500 pS / cm and especially preferably <200 pS / cm .
Preferably, the precipitated silicic acid according to the invention is dried in a suspension dryer, a spray dryer, a multi-deck dryer, a conveyor dryer, a rotary tube dryer, a flash dryer, a centrifugal flash dryer or a nozzle tower dryer. These variants of dewatering include operation with an atomizer, with a single or dual material nozzle or an integrated fluidized bed. Spray drying can be carried out eg according to US patent US 4094771.
If spray drying is chosen as the drying mode, which is especially preferred, then the filter cake has to be redispersed beforehand. The redispersing is preferably carried out in water or in an aqueous acid, so that the dispersion has a pH value of 4 to 7. In this case, it must be ensured that the precipitated silicic acid dispersion, after the redispersing process has been completed, has a solids content of 5 to 18, preferably 8 to 13% by weight, so 9 to 11% is particularly preferred and that no excessively strong shear forces act on the precipitated silicic acid during redispersing. This can be achieved eg stirring with a number of revolutions of <1,000 rpm (revolutions per minute), stirring
ES 2 389 986 T3 preferably occupying all the space and not punctually. Preferably, the redispersed precipitating silicic acid dispersion is metered into the spray dryer in such a way that a temperature of 100 to 170 ° C is set at the dryer outlet, preferably 130-160 ° C.
The grinding of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can be carried out as described in Ullmann, 5<sup>to</sup> edition, B2, 5-20. Preferably, the milling of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention is carried out in stage 4 and / or in stage 6, very particularly preferably in stage 4. A system of milling (grinding equipment) comprising, or consisting of, impact mills or jet mills, preferably opposed jet mills. Fluidized bed opposed jet mills are particularly preferably used. Very particularly preferably the grinding is carried out by means of a grinding system (grinding equipment), particularly preferably a grinding system comprising a jet mill, which is characterized in that the mill of the grinding system is operated in the grinding phase with a working medium, chosen from the set consisting of a gas and / or steam, preferably water vapor, and / or a gas containing water vapor, and because the grinding chamber, in a heating phase, that is to say before actual operation with the operating medium, is heated in such a way that the temperature in the grinding chamber and / or at the outlet of the mill is situated higher than the dew point of the steam and / or the operating medium.
In a particularly preferred manner, the grinding is carried out according to the process described in German patent application DE 10 2006 048 850.4, with the grinding system (mill) described there, using steam especially preferably. as the operating medium. In order to avoid pure repetitions of text, the content of the cited patent document is hereby explicitly included in the content of the present application. The grinding parameters are preferably chosen such that the ground product, in the region of less than 1 pm of the particle distribution based on volume, has a proportion of fine particles from 5 to 100%, preferably from 10 to 95 %, particularly preferably 15 to 95%, very particularly preferably 20 to 90% and particularly preferably 40 to 80% and / or has a value of d90 of the particle distribution curve based on volume, which is between 0.001 and 10 pm.
In a particularly preferred embodiment, for the prior preparation of the actual grinding with superheated steam, a fluidized bed opposed jet mill according to Figure 1 with an integrated dynamic pneumatic classifier according to Figures 2 and 2a is first heated through the two heating nozzles (5a) (of which only one is shown in Figure 1), which are charged with pressurized hot air, preferably at 10 bar and 160 ° C, until an outlet temperature from the mill is reached which is higher than the dew point of the steam and / or the operating medium, preferably about 105 ° C.
The mill, for the separation of the grinding material, has connected behind it a filter installation (not shown in Figure 1), the filter housing of which is heated in the lower third indirectly through adjacent heating coils, by means of a saturated steam (preferably a 6 bar saturated steam) also to avoid condensation. All equipment surfaces in the area of the mill, the separation filter, as well as the supply lines for steam and hot pressurized air, are insulated in a special way.
After the desired heating temperature has been reached, the supply to the heating nozzles is switched off with pressurized hot air and the charging of the three grinding nozzles is started with superheated steam, preferably 38 bar (absolute). ) at 325 ° C.
To protect the filter medium used in the separation filter as well as to set a certain residual water content of the grinding material of preferably 2 to 6%, water is injected into the starting phase and during grinding. mill grinding chamber through a two-material nozzle operated by pressurized air, depending on the outlet temperature from the mill.
The regulation of the amount added is carried out depending on the sorting current that is set. The classifier current regulates the amount added in such a way that approximately 70% of the nominal current cannot be exceeded.
In this case, a cell wheel regulated by the number of revolutions functions as the incorporation element (4), which dispenses the added material from a pre-loading container, through a rhythmic lock that serves as a barometric closure, within the grinding chamber that is put under an overpressure.
The crumbling of the coarse material takes place in the expanding steam jets (grinding gas). In common with the expanded grinding gas, the product particles rise in the center of the mill vessel
ES 2 389 986 T3 up to the sorting wheel. Depending on the number of revolutions of the classifier and the amount of grinding steam that is set, the particles, which are sufficiently fine, arrive together with the grinding steam at the outlet of the fine material and from there to the separation system connected behind While the too coarse particles return to the grinding zone and are subjected to a new comminution. The discharge of the separated fine material from the separation filter into subsequent silage and packaging is effected by means of a cell wheel lock.
The grinding pressure of the grinding gas, which prevails in the grinding nozzles, or the quantity of the grinding gas resulting from it, in common with the speed of the dynamic paddle wheel classifier determine the fineness of the function. grain distribution as well as the upper grain limit.
In a preferred embodiment, the process according to the invention is carried out in a grinding system (grinding unit), preferably in a grinding system comprising a jet mill, which particularly preferably comprises a jet mill opposites. For this, a charged material that has been crumbled is accelerated in gas jets that expand with high speed and is crumbled by collisions of particles with particles. As jet mills, fluidized-bed opposed jet mills or dense-bed jet mills or spiral jet mills are particularly preferably used. In the case of the fluidized bed opposed jet mill, which is very particularly preferred, two or more grinding jet inlets, preferably in the form of grinding nozzles, are located in the lower third of the grinding chamber. they are preferably located in a horizontal plane. The inlets for the grinding jets are particularly preferably arranged adjacent to the periphery of the preferably circular grinding vessel, such that the grinding jets all meet at a point located inside the grinding vessel. In a particularly preferred manner, the inlets for the grinding jets are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the grinding vessel. In the case of three inlets for grinding jets, the distance would therefore in each case be 120 °.
In a special embodiment of the process according to the invention, the grinding system (grinding unit) comprises a classifier, preferably a dynamic classifier, particularly preferably a dynamic paddle wheel classifier, especially a classifier according to Figures 2 and 3.
In an especially preferred embodiment, a dynamic pneumatic sorter according to Figures 2a and 3a is used. This dynamic pneumatic sorter contains a sorting wheel and a sorting wheel shaft as well as a sorter housing, a sorter gap being formed between the sorting wheel and the sorter housing and between the sorting wheel shaft and the housing. of the classifier a through conduit through the tree, and it is characterized in that a sweep of slits of the classifier slot and of the passage through the shaft is carried out with low energy compressed gases.
By using a classifier in combination with a jet mill which is operated under the conditions according to the invention, a limitation of the upper grain is effected, the product particles which rise in common with the expanded gas jets are conveyed from the center of the grinding bowl through the classifier and then the product, which has a sufficient fineness, is led out of the classifier and out of the mill. Too coarse particles return to the grinding zone and are subjected to further comminution.
In the grinding system, a classifier can be connected as a separate unit behind the mill, but preferably an integrated classifier is used.
In a particularly preferred grinding process, a heating phase is connected upstream of the grinding stage itself, in which it is ensured that the grinding chamber, particularly preferably all essential components of the mill and / or of the system of the grinding, next to which water and / or steam could condense, is / are heated in such a way that their temperature is above the dew point of the steam. Heating can in principle be carried out by any heating method. However, the heating is preferably carried out by means of the fact that a hot gas is conducted through the mill and / or the entire milling system, in such a way that the temperature of the gas at the outlet of the mill is higher. than the vapor dew point. In this case, it is particularly preferable to ensure that the hot gas preferably sufficiently heats all essential components of the mill and / or of the entire grinding system, which are in communication with the steam.
As heating gas, in principle any arbitrary gas and / or gas mixtures can be used, but hot air and / or combustion gases and / or inert gases are preferably used. The hot gas temperature is above the dew point of water vapor.
ES 2 389 986 T3
The hot gas can in principle be introduced in an arbitrary manner into the grinding chamber. Inlets or nozzles are preferably located in the grinding chamber for this. These inlets or nozzles can be the same inlets or nozzles, through which the grinding jets (grinding nozzles) are also guided during the grinding phase. However, it is also possible that separate inlets or nozzles (heating nozzles) are present in the grinding chamber, through which the hot gas and / or gas mixture can be introduced. In a preferred embodiment, the heating gas or the heating gas mixture is introduced through at least two, preferably three or more inlets or respectively nozzles arranged in a plane, which are arranged on the periphery of the container. of the mill preferably circular in such a way that the jets all meet at a point located inside the grinding vessel. In a particularly preferred manner, the inlets or nozzles are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the grinding vessel.
During grinding, a gas and / or steam, preferably steam and / or a mixture, is released as the operating medium via the grinding jet inlets, preferably in the form of grinding nozzles. of a gas and water vapor. This operating medium generally has a speed of sound that is substantially higher than that of air (343 m / s), preferably at least 450 m / s. Advantageously, the operating medium comprises steam and / or hydrogen gas and / or argon and / or helium. It is particularly preferably superheated steam. In order to achieve a very fine grinding, it has proven to be particularly advantageous for the operating medium to be decompressed at a pressure of 15 to 250 bar, particularly preferably 20 to 150 bar, very particularly preferably 30 to 70 bar and particularly preferably 40 to 65 bar, inside the mill. Also particularly preferably, the operating medium has a temperature of 200 to 800 ° C, more especially preferably 250 to 600 ° C and particularly preferably 300 to 400 ° C.
In the case of steam as the operating medium, that is to say in particular when the steam supply line is connected to a source of steam, it is particularly advantageous if the grinding or inlet nozzles are connected to a steam supply line, which is provided with expansion arcs.
In addition, it has been found to be advantageous if the surface area of the jet mill is as small as possible and / or that the flow paths are at least largely free of bumps and / or that the components of the jet mills are structured to avoid mass accumulations. By means of these technical measures, a deposit of the grinding material in the mill can additionally be prevented.
With the aid of the preferred and special embodiments described below of the process according to the invention, as well as the preferred and particularly suitable embodiments of jet mills, as well as the drawings and descriptions of the drawings, the invention is explains in more detail by way of example only, that is to say, it is not limited to these exemplary embodiments and use nor to the respective combination of characteristics within individual exemplary embodiments.
Individual characteristics, which are indicated and / or represented in connection with specific exemplary embodiments, are not limited to these exemplary embodiments or in combination with the other characteristics of these exemplary embodiments, but can be combined, within the framework of the technical possibilities, with any other variants, even if these are not treated separately in the present documents.
The same reference signs in the individual figures and in the figures of the drawings designate the same or simulated components or that act in the same or similar way. With the aid of the representations in the drawings, those characteristics that are not provided with reference signs are also revealed, regardless of whether such characteristics are described below or not. On the other hand, characteristics that are contained in the present description but which are not visible or represented in the drawings are also easily understood by a person skilled in the art.
As already stated above, in the process according to the invention, a jet mill, preferably a counter jet mill, with an integrated classifier, preferably with an integrated dynamic pneumatic classifier, can be used for the production of very fine particles. In a particularly preferred manner, the pneumatic sorter contains a sorting wheel and a sorting wheel shaft as well as a sorter housing, a sorter gap being formed between the sorting wheel and the sorter housing and between the sorting wheel shaft and the sorter housing a through-shaft conduction and being operated in such a way that a slot sweep of the sorter gap and / or the conduction through the shaft is carried out with low energy compressed gases.
ES 2 389 986 T3
In this case, the purge gas is preferably used at a pressure of not more than at least about 0.4 bar, more preferably not more than at least about 0.3 bar, and in particular with no pressure. more than about 0.2 bar above the internal pressure of the mill. In this case, the internal pressure of the mill may be at least approximately in the range of 0.1 to 0.5 bar.
Furthermore, it is preferred that the scavenging gas is used with a temperature of about 80 to about 120 ° C, in particular about 100 ° C, and / or that low-energy pressurized air is used as the scavenging gas, in particular with a pressure from about 0.3 bar to about 0.4 bar.
The number of revolutions of a sorting rotor of the pneumatic classifier and the internal boost ratio V (= Di / DF) can be chosen or adjusted or they can be adjustable in such a way that the peripheral speed of the operating medium (B) together to a dip tube or outlet that is associated with the sorting wheel reaches up to 0.8 times the speed of sound of the operating medium. In the formula V (= Di / DF) they mean Di = the internal diameter of the sorting wheel (8), that is, the distance between the internal edges of the blades (34), and DF = internal diameter of the immersion tube ( twenty). In an especially preferred embodiment, the internal diameter of the sorting wheel is Di = 280 mm and the internal diameter of the dip tube is DF = 100 mm. On the definition of the reinforcing relationship see also the quote from Dr. R. Nied, "Strdmungsmechanik und Thermodynamik in der mechanischen Verfahrenstechnik" [Fluid mechanics and thermodynamics in mechanical process engineering] available from the company consultant Dr. Roland Nied, 86486 Bonstetten, Germany. It is also available from NETZSCH-CONDUX Mahltechnik GmbH, Rodenbacher Chaussee 1, 63457 Hanau, Germany.
This can be further improved by providing that the number of revolutions of the pneumatic classifier rotor and the internal boost ratio V (= Di / DF) can be chosen or adjusted or are adjustable in such a way that the peripheral speed of the operation (B) next to the immersion tube or next to the outlet mouth reaches a value of up to 0.7 times and especially preferably up to 0.6 times the speed of sound of the operating medium.
In particular, it can also be advantageously provided that the sorting rotor has an increasing internal clearance height with a decreasing radius, the area of the sorting rotor surface being passed through by the current being preferably at least approximately constant. Alternatively or additionally, it may be advantageous if the sorting rotor is a concomitantly rotatable, replaceable dip tube. In the case of yet another variant, it is preferred that a fine material outlet chamber is provided, which in the flow direction has a widening of the cross-section.
Furthermore, the jet mill according to the invention can advantageously contain in particular a pneumatic classifier, which contains individual characteristics or combinations of characteristics of the pneumatic classifier according to European patent document EP 0 472 930 B1. By this reference, the entire disclosure content of document EP 0 472 930 B1 is included here in its entirety in order to avoid a mere identical transfer thereof. In particular, the pneumatic classifier may contain means for the decomposition of the peripheral components of the circulation according to EP 0 472 930 B1. In this case, provision can in particular be made for an outlet port associated with the sorting wheel of the pneumatic sorter, which is designed as a dip tube, has a widening of the cross-section in the direction of flow, preferably rounded in order to the avoidance of turbulence formations.
Preferred and / or advantageous embodiments of the grinding system or of the mill, which can be used in the process according to the invention, are established from FIGS. 1 to 3a as well as from the corresponding description, it still being emphasized again that These embodiments explain the invention in greater detail by way of example only, that is to say, it is not limited to these exemplary embodiments and use nor to the respective combinations of characteristics within individual exemplary embodiments.
Fig. 1 diagrammatically shows an embodiment of a jet mill in a partially sectional schematic drawing,
Fig. 2 shows an embodiment example of a pneumatic classifier of a jet mill in a vertical arrangement and in the form of a schematic central longitudinal section, the outlet tube for the classification air mixture being associated with the classifying wheel. solid material particles,
ES 2 389 986 T3
Fig. 2a shows an example of embodiment of a pneumatic classifier similar to that of Figure 2 but with slit scanning of the classifier slot 8a and of the passage through the shaft 35b,
Fig. 3 shows in schematic representation and in the form of a vertical section a sorting wheel of a pneumatic sorter.
Fig. 3a shows in a schematic representation and in the form of a vertical section a sorting wheel of a pneumatic sorter similar to that of FIG. 3, but with slit scanning of sorter slot 8a and of the passage through shaft 35b .
In Fig. 1 an example of embodiment of a jet mill 1 is shown with a cylindrical housing 2, which surrounds a grinding chamber 3, with a loading arrangement 4 of the grinding material at approximately half the height of the grinding chamber 3, with at least one inlet 5 for the grinding jets, located in the lower area of the grinding chamber 3 and with an outlet 6 for the product, located in the upper area of the grinding chamber 3 . There is arranged a pneumatic classifier 7 with a rotating classifying wheel 8, with which the grinding material (not shown) is classified, to remove from the grinding chamber 3, through the outlet 6 for the product, only the grinding material below a certain grain size, and feeding the grinding material with a grain size above the selected value to a further grinding process.
The sorting wheel 8 can be a conventional sorting wheel in the case of pneumatic sorters, the blades of which (see later eg in connection with Fig. 3) they limit to some radially running pallet channels, next to whose outer ends the sorting air enters and carries with it the particles with a smaller grain size or mass towards the central outlet and towards outlet 6 for the product, while larger particles or larger mass particles are repelled under the influence of centrifugal force. In a particularly preferred manner, the pneumatic sorter 7 and / or at least its sorting wheel 8 is provided with at least one structuring feature according to EP 0 472 930 B1.
Only one inlet 5 for grinding jets can be provided, which is composed, for example, of a grinding jet. of a single inlet orifice or of a single inlet nozzle 9 directed radially, in order to allow a single grinding jet 10 to meet with high energy on the particles of the grinding material, which arrive from the disposition of load 4 of the grinding material to the zone of the grinding jet 10, and that the grinding material particles are broken down into smaller partial particles, which are sucked in by the sorting wheel 8 and, As long as they have a correspondingly small size or mass, they are conveyed out through the outlet 6 for the product. However, a better effect is achieved with inlets 5 for grinding jets diametrically opposed to each other in pairs, which form two grinding jets 10 which collide with each other, which produce the crumbling of the particles in a more intense way than which is possible with only one grinding jet 10, in particular when several pairs of grinding jets are produced.
Two or more grinding jet inlets are preferably used, preferably grinding nozzles, in particular 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 grinding jet inlets, which they are placed in the lower third of the housing, preferably cylindrical in shape, of the grinding chamber. These inlets for the grinding jets are ideally arranged uniformly and in a plane along the periphery of the grinding bowl, such that the grinding jets all meet at one point inside the grinding bowl. In a particularly preferred manner, the inlets or nozzles are uniformly distributed along the periphery of the grinding vessel. In the case of three grinding jets this would be constituted by an angle of 120 ° between the corresponding inlets or nozzles respectively. It is generally stated that the larger the grinding chamber, the more inlets or grinding nozzles that will be used.
In a preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention, the grinding chamber may contain, in addition to the grinding jet inlets, heating openings 5a, preferably in the form of heating nozzles, via which can lead a hot gas in the heating phase to the mill. These nozzles or respectively orifices can be arranged in the same plane - as already explained above - in the same plane as that of the orifices or respectively of the grinding nozzles 5. They may be contained / a (s) one (s), but preferably also several (s), especially preferably 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 or 8 orifice (s) or heating nozzle (s) respectively 5a .
In a very particularly preferred embodiment, the mill contains two nozzles or heating holes and three nozzles or grinding holes respectively.
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Furthermore, for example, the processing temperature can be influenced by using an internal heating source 11 between the loading arrangement 4 of the grinding material and the area of the grinding jets 10, or a corresponding heating source 12 in the area outside the loading arrangement 4 of the grinding material, or by processing particles of a grinding material that is otherwise already hot, which reaches the loading arrangement 4 of grinding material avoiding heat losses, for which a supply tube 13 is surrounded by a temperature-insulating jacket 14. The heating source 11 or 12, if used, can be arbitrary in its foundation and is therefore suitable for use in a purpose-oriented manner and can be chosen according to availability in the environment. market, so additional explanations are no longer required for this.
The temperature of the grinding jet or of the grinding jets 10 is in particular relevant and the temperature of the grinding material should correspond at least approximately to this temperature of the grinding jets.
For the formation of the grinding jets 10 introduced into the grinding chamber 3 via the grinding jet inlets 5, a hot steam is used for this in the present exemplary embodiment. In this context, it is necessary to start from the fact that the heat content of the water vapor behind the inlet nozzle 9 of the respective inlet 5 for the grinding jets is not essentially smaller than in front of this inlet nozzle 9. Since the energy required for impact comminution must be made available primarily as flow energy, on the contrary, the decrease in pressure between the inlet 15 of the inlet nozzle 9 and its outlet 16 will be considerable (the pressure energy is converted in a very large way into flow energy) and the decrease in temperature will not be insignificant either. In particular, this decrease in temperature must be compensated for by heating the grinding material to a degree such that the grinding material and the grinding jet 10 in the center zone 17 of the grinding chamber 3 have the same temperature in the case of at least two grinding jets 10 or in that of a multiple of two grinding jets 10 that lie between them.
Regarding the structuring and realization of the production of the grinding jet 10 based on hot steam in particular in the form of a closed system, reference is made to the German patent application document No. 198 24 062 A1, the full content of which is disclosed to this Regarding it is collected here in its full extent by the present taking of reference for the avoidance of a mere identical transfer. By means of a closed system it is possible to grind a hot slag as a grinding material with an optimum degree of efficiency.
In the case of the representation of the present exemplary embodiment, the jet mill 1 is representative of any mode of supplying an operating medium or an operating medium B a reservoir or production arrangement 18, which constitutes, for example, a tank 18a, from which the operating medium or operating medium B is led through line arrangements 19 to the inlet 5 of the grinding jets or the inlets 5 of the grinding jets for the formation of the grinding jet 10 or respectively of the grinding jets 10.
In particular, starting from a jet mill 1 equipped with a pneumatic classifier 7, the embodiment examples being considered and having to be understood in the present context only as illustrative and not as limiting, with this jet mill 1 having a pneumatic classifier integrated dynamic 7 a process is carried out for the production of very fine particles. The innovation compared to the usual jet mills, together with the fact that a heating phase is connected in front of the grinding phase, in which all the parts that come into contact with the steam are heated to a temperature above the vapor dew point, and together with the fact that a preferred integrated classifier is used, consists in that the number of revolutions of the sorting rotor or the sorting wheel 8 of the pneumatic sorter 7 and the internal boost ratio V (= Di / DF) are preferably chosen, adjusted or regulated in such a way that the peripheral speed of an operating means B together with a dip tube or an outlet mouth 20, which is associated with a sorting wheel 8, reaches up to 0.8 times, preferably up to 0.7 times and especially preferably up to 0.6 times the speed of sound of the operating medium or of the operating medium B.
Taking reference to the variant explained above with hot steam as operating medium or operating medium B or as an alternative to this, it is especially advantageous to use as operating means gases or vapors B, which have a higher speed of sound. high and in particular essentially higher than that of air (343 m / s). In particular, gases or vapors B are used as the operating medium, which have a speed of sound of at least 450 m / s. In this way, the production and the performance of very fine particles are clearly improved compared to processes using other operating means, such as those usually used according to the knowledge obtained in practice, and consequently the process is optimized as a whole.
As the operating medium B a fluid is used, preferably the already mentioned steam, but also gaseous hydrogen or gaseous helium.
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In a preferred embodiment, the jet mill 1, in which case it is in particular a fluidized bed jet mill or a dense bed jet mill or a spiral jet mill, with the pneumatic classifier integrated dynamic 7 for the production of very fine particles, is structured or executed in a corresponding way or provided with appropriate arrangements, in such a way that the number of revolutions or of the sorting wheel 8 of the pneumatic sorter 7 and the internal boost ratio V (= Di / DF) are chosen or adjusted or adjustable or controllable, in such a way that the peripheral speed of the operating medium B next to the immersion tube or outlet port 20 reaches a value of up to 0.8 times, preferably up to 0.7 times and especially preferably up to 0.6 times the speed of sound of the operating medium or of the operating medium B.
Otherwise, the jet mill 1 is preferably equipped with a source, for example the reservoir or production arrangement 18 for steam or hot steam or other suitable reservoir or production arrangement in an operating medium B, or is associated with it a source of operating medium, from which, for operation, an operating medium B is supplied with a speed of sound higher and in particular substantially higher than that of air (343 m / s), such as preferably a sound speed of per at least 450 m / s. This source of operating medium, such as for example the reservoir or production arrangement 18 for steam or hot steam, contains gases or vapors B for use in operating the jet mill 1, and certainly in particular steam of water already mentioned above, however gaseous hydrogen or gaseous helium constitute preferred alternatives.
In particular in the case of the use of hot water vapor as operating medium B, it is advantageous to provide pipe arrangements 19 equipped with expansion arches (not shown), which then must also be designated as the supply pipe for steam, up to the inlet or grinding nozzles 9, that is, preferably when the steam supply line is connected to a source of steam as a storage or production arrangement 18.
A further advantageous aspect in the case of the use of steam as operating medium B consists in providing the jet mill 1 with as small a surface as possible, or in other words, optimizing the jet mill 1 in that refers to as small a surface area as possible. Precisely in connection with steam as the operating medium B, it is particularly advantageous to avoid a heat exchange or a loss of heat and consequently a loss of energy in the system. The alternative or additional technical structuring measure also serves for this purpose, namely that of structuring the components of the jet mill 1 in order to avoid mass accumulations or to optimize them for this purpose. This can be done for example by using flanges as thin as possible in the pipe arrangements 19 and for connection to them.
A loss of energy and also other relevant disturbances to the circulation can be further mitigated or avoided if the components of the jet mill 1 are structured or optimized to avoid condensation. For this purpose, even special provisions (not shown) for condensation avoidance may be contained. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the traffic paths are at least largely free of bumps or are optimized in this regard. In other words, with these variant embodiments individually or in any combinations the principle of avoiding as much as possible or all of what can become cold and where a condensation can consequently be established is changed.
Furthermore, it is advantageous and therefore preferred for the sorting rotor to have an increasing internal free height with a decreasing radius, therefore in the direction of its axis, the surface area of the sorting rotor being in particular traversed by the current, by at least roughly constant. First or alternatively, an outlet chamber for the fine material can be provided, which has a widening of the cross section in the direction of flow.
A particularly preferred embodiment consists, in the case of the jet mill 1, in that the sorting rotor 8 has a replaceable dip tube 20, which rotates together.
Further details and variants of preferred embodiments of the jet mill 1 and its components are explained below with reference to Figs. 2 and 3.
The jet mill 1 preferably contains, as can be seen from the schematic representation in Fig. 2, an integrated pneumatic classifier 7, in which case, for example when referring to construction types of the jet mill 1 as a fluidized-bed jet mill or as a dense-bed jet mill or as a spiral jet mill, a dynamic pneumatic classifier 7 which is advantageously arranged in the center of the grinding chamber 3 of the jet mill 1. Depending on the volumetric flow rate of the grinding gas and the number of revolutions of the classifier, the desired fineness of the grinding material can be influenced.
ES 2 389 986 T3
In the case of the pneumatic classifier 7 of the jet mill 1 according to Fig. 2, the entire vertical pneumatic classifier 7 is surrounded by a classifier housing 21, which is essentially composed of the upper part 22 of the housing and the lower part 23 of the housing. The upper part 22 of the housing and the lower part 23 of the housing are provided, together with the upper or lower edge, with respective peripheral flanges 24 or respectively 25 directed outwards. The two peripheral flanges 24 and 25 are located one above the other in the assembled or functional state of the pneumatic classifier 8 and are mutually fixed by appropriate means. Suitable means for fixing are for example screw connections (not shown). Clamps (not shown) or similar elements can also serve as detachable fastening means.
At a practically arbitrary location on the periphery of the flanges, both peripheral flanges 24 and 25 are connected to each other by means of a hinge 26 in such a way that the upper part 22 of the housing, after having released the means for connecting the flanges with with respect to the lower part 23 of the housing, it can be tilted upward in the direction of arrow 27 and the upper part 22 of the housing is accessible from below as well as the lower part 23 of the housing is accessible from above. The lower part 23 of the housing, for its part, is structured in two parts and is essentially composed of the cylindrical housing 28 of the classification enclosure with the peripheral flange 25 together with its upper open end and with a discharge cone 29, which tapers down into a conical shape. The discharge cone 29 and the housing 28 of the classification enclosure are located one above the other with flanges 30 and 31 next to the upper or lower end, and the two flanges 30, 31 of the discharge as 29 and of the housing 28 of the enclosure Classification plates are attached to each other, just as the peripheral flanges 24, 25 are, by detachable fastening means (not shown). The housing 21 of the classifier, composed in this way, is hung on or next to support arms 28a, several of which are distributed spaced as evenly as possible around the periphery of the housing 21 of the pneumatic classifier 7 from the jet mill 1 and are applied to the cylindrical housing 28 of the sorting chamber.
An essential part of the internal constructions of the housing of the pneumatic classifier 7 is in turn the classification wheel 8 with an upper covering disk 32, with a lower covering disk 33 located on the outlet side of the current and axially spaced with with respect to that, and with vanes 34 with a suitable contour, which are arranged between the outer edges of the two covering discs 32 and 33, firmly attached to these and evenly distributed around the periphery of the sorting wheel 8. In the case of this pneumatic sorter 7 the propulsion of the sorting wheel 8 is established through the upper cover disc 32, while the disc Lower cover 33 is the cover disk located on the outlet side of the stream. The support system of the sorting wheel 8 comprises a sorting wheel shaft 35 that is imperatively propelled in a convenient way, which with its upper end is led out of the housing 21 of the sorter and with its lower end supports inside the housing 21 of the sorter. Classifier, in cantilever support in a jointly rotating manner, to the classification wheel 8. The conduction of the sorting wheel shaft 35 out of the sorter housing 21 is effected in a pair of elaborated plates 36, 37, which close the dispenser housing 21 next to the upper end of an end segment 38 of the housing that runs in the same way. from truncated cone upwards, leading to the shaft 35 of the sorting wheel and sealing this passage through the shaft without impeding the rotational movements of the shaft 35 of the sorting wheel. Conveniently, the upper plate 36 is associated as a flange integrally in rotation with the shaft 35 of the sorting wheel and can be supported through rotation bearings 35a in a manner capable of turning on the lower plate 37, which at it is in turn associated with an end segment 38 of the housing. The lower face of the cover disk 33 on the current outlet side is positioned in the common plane between the peripheral flanges 24 and 25, in such a way that the sorting wheel 8 is arranged entirely within the folding upper part 22 of the accommodation. In the area of the conical end segment 38 of the housing, the upper part 22 of the housing also has a tubular-type mouth 39 for loading products from the grinding material loading system 4, the longitudinal axis of which runs parallel to the axis of rotation 40 of the sorting wheel 8 and its drive shaft or sorting wheel 35, and which is arranged radially outwardly adjacent to the upper part 22 of the housing, as far away as possible from this axis of rotation 40 from the sorting wheel 8 and from its propulsion shaft 35 or from the sorting wheel.
In a particularly preferred embodiment according to Figures 2a and 3a the integrated pneumatic sorter 1 contains a sorting wheel 8 and a sorting wheel shaft 35 as well as a sorter housing, as already explained. In this case, between the sorting wheel 8 and the sorter housing 21 a sorter slot 8a is defined and between the sorting wheel shaft and the sorter housing 21 a through line 35b is formed through the shaft (see about hence Fig. 2a and 3a). In particular, starting from a jet mill 1 provided with one of such pneumatic classifiers 7, the embodiments referring to this being understood in the present context only by way of example and not as limiters, with this jet mill 1, with An integrated dynamic pneumatic classifier 7 carries out a process for the production of very fine particles. The innovation compared to the usual jet mills consists in this case, together with the fact that the grinding chamber is heated before the grinding phase to a temperature above the steam dew point, in which a sweep of slits of slit 8a of
ES 2 389 986 T3 classifier and / or the through conduction 35b through the shaft is carried out with low energy compressed gases. The particularity of this embodiment is precisely the combination of the use of these low-energy compressed gases with the energy-rich hot steam, with which the mill is fed through the inlets for the grinding jets, in particular some grinding nozzles, or a grinding nozzle contained therein. Therefore, high-energy media and low-energy media are used at the same time.
Both in the embodiment according to Figures 2 and 3 or respectively 2a and 3a, the housing 21 of the classifier receives the outlet mouth 20 in a tubular shape arranged with the same axis with respect to the sorting wheel 8, whose mouth it is located with its upper end tightly below the covering disk 33 located on the side of the current outlet of the sorting wheel 8, but without being connected to it. Next to the lower end of the tube-shaped outlet 20 there is positioned with the same axis an outlet chamber 41, which is also tubular in shape, but whose diameter is essentially greater than the diameter of the outlet mouth 20 and which in the present exemplary embodiment has a magnitude at least twice the diameter of the outlet mouth 20. In the transition between the outlet mouth 20 and the outlet chamber 41 there is therefore a clear difference in diameters. The outlet mouth 20 is inserted into an upper covering plate 42 of the outlet chamber 41. From below, the outlet chamber 41 is closed by a removable cover 43. The constructive unit based on the outlet mouth 20 and the outlet chamber 41 is supported by several support arms 44, which are uniformly distributed in a star shape around the periphery of the constructive unit, which with their upper ends in the area of the outlet mouth 20 are firmly connected to the constructive unit and that with their lower ends are fixed to the housing 21 of the classifier.
The outlet mouth 20 is surrounded by an annular housing 45 with a conical shape, whose lower, larger outer diameter corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the outlet chamber 41 and whose upper, smaller outer diameter corresponds at least approximately to the diameter of the sorting wheel 8. The support arms 44 end next to the conical wall of the annular housing 45 and are firmly connected to this wall, which itself is again a component part of the construction unit based on the outlet mouth 20 and the outlet chamber. 41.
The support arms 44 and the annular housing 45 are component parts of the scavenging air arrangement (not shown), the scavenging air preventing the penetration of matter from the internal enclosure of the sorter housing 21 into the gap between the wheel. of classification 8 or with greater accuracy its lower covering disc 3 and the outlet mouth 20. In order to allow this scavenging air to reach the annular housing 45 and from there to the gap to be kept clear, the support arms 44 are structured in the form of tubes, they are led with their outer end sections through the wall of the classifier housing 21 and are connected through a suction filter 46 with a source of scavenging air (not shown). The annular housing 45 is closed upwards by a perforated plate 47 and the slit itself can be adjustable by means of an axially displaceable annular disk in the area located between the perforated plate 47 and the lower cover disk 33 of the sorting wheel 8.
The outlet arrangement from the outlet chamber 41 is formed by a tube 48 for the discharge of the fine material, which is introduced from the outside into the housing 21 of the classifier and is connected in tangential arrangement with the outlet chamber 41. The tube 48 for the discharge of the fine material is a component part of the product outlet arrangement 6. The lining of the mouth of the tube 48 for the discharge of the fine material next to the exit chamber 41 serves as a repellent cone 49.
Next to the lower end of the conical end segment 38 of the conical end segment housing 38, a spiral 50 for the inlet of the sorting air and an arrangement 51 for the discharge of the coarse material are associated in horizontal arrangement. The direction of rotation of the spiral 50 for the intake of the sorting air is opposite to the direction of rotation of the sorting wheel 8. The arrangement 51 for the discharge of the thick material is removably associated with the end section 38 of the housing, a flange 52 being associated with the lower end of the end segment 38 of the housing and being associated with the upper end of the arrangement 51 for the coarse material is discharged by a flange 53 and both flanges 52 and 53 in turn releasably joined together by known means, when the pneumatic classifier 7 is ready for operation.
The dispersion zone to be structured is designated 54. Flanges (beveled) made on the inner edge for clean conduction of the circulating current and a simple coating are designated 55.
Finally, still next to the inner wall of the outlet mouth 20 a replaceable protective tube 56 is placed as a wear piece and a corresponding replaceable protective tube 57 can be placed next to the inner wall of the outlet chamber 41.
At the beginning of the operation of the pneumatic classifier 7 in the operating state shown, classification air is introduced into the classification air through the spiral 50 for the inlet of the classification air.
ES 2 389 986 T3 pneumatic classifier 7 under a pressure gradient and with an input speed chosen corresponding to the intended purpose. As a consequence of the introduction of the sorting air by means of a spiral, in particular in connection with the conicity of the end segment 38 of the housing, the sorting air spirals upwards in the sorting wheel area 8. At the same time, the "product" based on particles of solid materials with different masses is introduced through the mouth 39 for the loading of the product into the housing 21 of the classifier. From this product, the coarse material, that is to say the portion of particles with the greatest mass, reaches the area of the arrangement 51 for the discharge of the coarse material against the sorting air, and is made available for further processing. The fine material, that is to say the portion of particles with less mass, is mixed with the sorting air, comes from the outside in radially through the sorting wheel 8 to the outlet mouth 20, to the outlet chamber 41 and finally through a tube 48 for the exit of the fine material in an arrangement 58 for the exit or discharge of fine material as well as from there to a filter, in which the operating medium is separated in the form of a fluid, such as for example air, and a fine material. The coarser components of the fine material are centrifuged radially from the sorting wheel 8 and added and mixed with the coarse material, in order to leave the sorter housing 21 together with the coarse or circular material within the sorter housing 21. for so long until it has become a fine material with a granulation such that it is discharged along with the sorting air.
As a consequence of the abrupt widening of the cross section from the outlet port 20 to the outlet chamber 41, there occurs a marked decrease in the speed of circulation of the mixture of air and fine material. This mixture will therefore arrive with a very low speed of circulation through the outlet chamber 41 passing through the tube 48 for the exit of fine material, up to the arrangement 58 for the exit of the fine material and will produce abrasion only to a small degree. next to the wall of the outlet chamber 41. Therefore, the protective tube 57 is also only a technical measure at most preventive. The speed of circulation in the sorting wheel 8, high for reasons of good separation technique, however still predominates in the discharge or outlet 20 and therefore the protective tube 56 is more important than the protective tube 57. The diameter jump with a widening of the diameter in the transition from the outlet port 20 to the outlet chamber 41 is especially important.
For the rest, the pneumatic classifier 7 can itself be well preserved by dividing the classifier housing 21 in the manner described and associating the classifier components to the individual partial housings, and the components that have become damaged can be replaced. with a relatively small expense within a short period of conservation time.
Whereas in the schematic representation of Fig. 2 or respectively 2a the sorting wheel 8 is represented with the two cover discs 32 and 33 and with the paddle ring 59 arranged between them, with the paddles 34 still in a usual shape already known with parallel covering discs 32 and 33 and with parallel surfaces, in Fig. 3 or respectively 3a the sorting wheel 8 is represented for another embodiment of the pneumatic sorter 7 of an advantageous development.
This sorting wheel 8 according to Fig. 3 or respectively 3a contains, in addition to the paddle ring 59 with the paddles 34, the upper cover disk 32 and the lower cover disk 33 on the outlet side of the current, axially spaced with respect to it, and is able to rotate about the axis of rotation 40 and consequently about the longitudinal axis of the pneumatic classifier 7. The diametral extension of the sorting wheel 8 is perpendicular to the axis of rotation 40, that is to say to the longitudinal axis of the pneumatic sorter 7, regardless of whether the axis of rotation 40 and consequently said longitudinal axis are located perpendicularly or run horizontally. The lower cover disk 33 on the side of the current outlet concentrically surrounds the outlet port 20. The vanes 34 are connected to the two cover discs 33 and 32. The two covering discs 32 and 33 are now conically structured, differing from the state of the art, and certainly preferably in such a way that the distance of the upper covering disc 32 from the covering disc 33 on the outlet side of the the current from the crown 59 of the blades 34 inwards, that is to say in the direction of the axis of rotation 40, becomes greater and certainly preferably in a continuous manner, such as for example in a linear or non-linear fashion, and with an additional advantage such that the surface area of the cylinder shell traveled by the current remains at least approximately constant for each of the radii between the edges of pallet outlet and outlet port 20. The output speed of the current, which becomes smaller as a consequence of the radius becoming smaller in the case of the known solutions, remains at least approximately constant in the case of this solution to the problem.
Apart from the variant, explained above and in Figs. 3 and 3a of the structuring of the upper covering disc 32 and of the lower covering disc 33, it is also possible that only one of these two covering discs 32 or 33 is conically structured in the same way. explained and that the other covering disc 33 or respectively 32 is flat, as is the case in connection with the embodiment according to FIG. 2 for both covering discs 32 and 33. In particular, in such a case the shape of the covering disc with parallel surfaces may be at least approximate, such that the surface area of the envelope of the
ES 2 389 986 T3 cylinder traversed by the current remains constant for each of the radii between the exit edges of the blades and the exit mouth 20.
An essential step for the adjustment of the density of silanol groups and the arrangement of the silanol groups on the surface of the precipitated silicic acid is, together with the precipitation, in which the chain-like structure is constituted, is the tempering that It is to be carried out in step 5. This tempering can be carried out in a discontinuous (batch) or continuous mode. For tempering, you can use e.g. a turbulent bed, fluid bed or rotary tube reactor. In this case, care must be taken to ensure that during tempering a homogeneous temperature distribution and a homogeneous atmosphere of the process gas are ensured, so that all the precipitated silicic acid particles are subjected to the same conditions. The process gas must have a sufficient water vapor concentration. The steam concentration is preferably 10 to 95% by volume, especially preferably 40 to 90% by weight, and very particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight.
In particular, when using a rotary tube reactor, it is necessary to pay attention that the same temperatures prevail in all places, that is to say that there are no “cooled zones”, in which the water vapor could condense. . The condensed water vapor can lead to a conglomeration of the precipitated silicic acids. The special conditions in the tempering according to the invention therefore also ensure that a precipitated silicic acid, already ground before tempering, does not have to be ground yet again after tempering, that is to say that no agglomerations or agglomerations are formed. conglomerations, which would have to be removed again by grinding after tempering.
A turbulent bed reactor or a fluid bed reactor is preferably used. As a turbulent bed, the following must be understood:
When a fine-grained bulk material, which rests on perforated horizontal plates, is traversed from below by a stream of gases, a state that resembles that of a boiling liquid is set under certain conditions of circulation; the coat throws out bubbles; the particles of the bulk material are found within the layer in a constant up and down turbulent movement and thus remain somewhat in the suspended state. Therefore, we also speak of a suspended bed, a turbulent bed, a fluid bed as well as fluidization. The associated large surface area of the turbulent material also facilitates the drying and tempering of solid bodies.
It is important that during tempering all the precipitated silicic acid particles are subjected to the same temperature and the same process gas. The temperature differences between the hottest and coldest places should be as small as possible. Therefore, the temperature of the filter cartridges must not be below the product temperature either.
Very particularly preferably, the tempering in step 5 of the process according to the invention is carried out according to the subsequent sub-steps 5a) to 5e):
5th. Introduction and filling of the precipitated silicic acid into the turbulent bed reactor;
5b. Preheating of the reactor to 300 to 800 ° C, being carried out at the same time as the reactor is crossed by an inert gas and / or by a mixture of nitrogen and air, in such a way that a fluidization speed of 0.02 to 0.06 m / s;
5c. Supply of a gaseous mixture I based on steam and an inert gas, eg. nitrogen, or a gaseous mixture II based on water vapor, an inert gas and air at 300 to 800 ° C for a period of time from 0.25 to 6 h, the gaseous mixture passing through the reactor at a speed fluidization of 0.02 to 0.06 m / s and gas mixtures I and II having a water vapor concentration of 10 to 95% by volume and in the case of gas mixture II an oxygen content of 0.01 at 21% by volume;
5 d. Stopping the addition of steam and expulsion of the steam by means of an inert gas, eg nitrogen, and / or a mixture of an inert gas and air at 300 to 800 ° C, passing through the gas or respectively the gaseous mixture the reactor with a fluidization speed of 0.02 to 0.06 m / s and, in the case of using the mixture of an inert gas and air, the latter having an oxygen content of 0.01 to 21% by volume ;
5e. Cooling of the precipitated silicic acid tempered to room temperature in a dry process atmosphere, being carried out in the case of using a mixture of an inert gas and air, that it has an oxygen content of 0.01 to 21% in volume.
ES 2 389 986 T3
In such a case, after the introduction and filling of the precipitated silicic acid into the turbulent bed reactor (partial stage 5a)), the reactor is heated in partial stage 5b) to an operating temperature of 300 to 800 ° C. preferably 350 to 690 ° C and especially preferably 400 to 650 ° C. During the heating process, the reactor is passed through by an inert gas, preferably nitrogen and / or by a mixture of an inert gas and dry air, in such a way that a fluidization speed of 0.02 to 0 is set. 06 m / s.
After the operating temperature has been reached, in partial stage 5c) a gaseous mixture I based on steam and an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, or a gaseous mixture II based on steam, of a Inert gas and air are passed in for a period of 0.25 to 6 h, preferably 0.5 to 5 h, especially preferably 1 to 4 h, very particularly preferably 2 to 4 h through the reactor. The fluidization speed of the gas mixture is from 0.02 to 0.06 m / s. The gaseous mixtures I and II have a water vapor concentration of 10 to 95% by volume, preferably 40 to 90% by weight, very particularly preferably 50 to 90% by weight and, in the case of The gas mixture II, it has an oxygen content of 0.01 to 21% by volume.
The material obtained after step 5 or step 6 is acidified to a pH = 3-5, a pH of 4-5 being excluded. This is preferably carried out with a gaseous acidifying agent, especially preferably with Gaseous hydrochloric acid and / or gaseous HBr and / or nitrogen oxides and / or evaporated SO3 and / or evaporated SOCl2.
In a first embodiment of the process according to the invention, the acidification is carried out by bringing at least one acidifying agent into contact with the precipitated silicic acid obtained after step 5 or 6.
In a second embodiment, the acidification is carried out by mixing an acidified fraction with another non-acidified fraction of the precipitated silicic acid according to the invention. In this embodiment, the material obtained after step 5 or 6 is distributed into a fraction A and a fraction B. The fraction A is acidified by contacting an acidifying agent, preferably gaseous HCl. After acidification, fraction A is optionally flushed with an inert gas, particularly preferably nitrogen. Fraction A is preferably acidified to a pH value of 2-4, the pH value of 4 being excluded. To the acidified fraction A, as much material from fraction B is then added until a value is established. pH 3-5, excluding a pH value 4-5. The acidification and mixing process can be repeated for as long as the desired pH value is reached.
Irrespective of whether the acidification is carried out according to embodiment 1 or 2, after the acidification has been carried out, a flushing with an inert gas, preferably nitrogen, can be carried out in order to remove the traces of the acidifying agent. existing on the surface of the precipitated silicic acid.
The precipitated silicic acids according to the invention can be used in sealing compounds, in particular silicone rubber or silicone sealing compounds, and particularly preferably in RTV-1K sealing compounds. The use is possible in different crosslinking systems, eg acetoxy crosslinking, alkoxy crosslinking or oxime crosslinking. These systems find use eg in the construction industry as a joint sealing compound, in the automotive industry as an adhesive and sealing material and as coating compositions, for example for textile fabrics.
The reaction conditions and the physical / chemical data of the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention are determined by the following methods:
Determination of solids content of filter cakes
According to this method the solids content of filter cakes is determined by eliminating the volatile portions at 105 ° C.
For this, 100.00 g of filter cake are weighed and introduced into a tared and dried porcelain cuvette (with a diameter of 20 cm) (input weighing E). Eventually, the filter cake is crumbled with a spatula in order to obtain more disheveled pieces of a maximum of 1 cm.<sup>3</sup>. The sample is dried at 105 ± 2 ° C in a drying cabinet until the weight is constant. The sample is then cooled in a drying cabinet with silica gel as the drying agent at room temperature. The output weight A is determined gravimetrically.
The content of solid materials (FG) is determined in% according to
ES 2 389 986 T3
FG = A / E * 100%,
With A = output weighing in g and E = input weighing in g.
Determination of solid material content of precipitation suspensions
The solids content of the precipitation suspension is determined gravimetrically after filtration of the sample.
100.0 ml of the homogenized precipitation suspension (Vsuspension) are measured at room temperature using a volumetric measuring cylinder. The sample is suction filtered through a circular filter (TYPE 572, from Schleicher & Schuell) in a porcelain suction funnel, but it is not suctioned to dryness, in order to prevent the formation of cracks. filter cake. The filter cake is then washed with 100.0 ml of distilled water. The washed filter cake is transferred to a tared porcelain tray and dried at 105 ± 2 ° C in a drying cabinet until the weight is constant. After cooling to room temperature, the weight of the precipitated silicic acid (mm sample) is determined.
The content of solid materials is determined according to:
Solid material content in g / l = (mmsample in g) / Vsuspension in l)
Determination of solids content of the precipitation silicic acid feed
The precipitating silicic acid feed is dried in an IR (infrared) dryer until constant weight. Loss on drying is predominantly made up of water moisture.
2.0 g of a precipitating silicic acid feed are introduced and filled into a tared aluminum pan and the lid of the IR drying unit (from Mettler, type LP 16) is closed. After pressing the start key, drying of the suspension begins at 105 ° C, which is automatically terminated when the decrease in weight per unit time falls below the value of 2 mg / (120 s).
The decrease in weight in% is indicated directly by the device in the case of choosing the 0-100% mode. The content of solid materials is established according to
Solid material content in% = 100% - decrease in weight in%.
Determination of the pH value
Determination of the pH value of the precipitated silicic acid is carried out in the form of a 5% aqueous suspension at room temperature on the basis of DIN EN ISO 787-9. Against the pre-established data of this standard, the input weighings were modified (5.00 g of precipitated silicic acid per 100 ml of deionized water).
Determination of electrical conductivity
The determination of the electrical conductivity of a precipitated silicic acid is carried out in the form of a 4% aqueous suspension at room temperature on the basis of DIN EN ISO 787-14. Against the pre-established data of this standard, the input weighings were modified (4.00 g of precipitated silicic acid per 100 ml of deionized water).
Determination of moisture or loss on drying
The humidity of a precipitated silicic acid is determined on the basis of ISO 787-2 after drying for 2 hours at 105 ° C in a drying cabinet with circulating air. This loss on drying is predominantly made up of moisture in the water.
Determination of loss on ignition
According to this method, the weight loss of a precipitated silicic acid is determined based on the DIN ISD 3262-1 standard at 1,000 ° C. At this temperature, the combined water physically and chemically as well as other volatile components are released. The humidity (TV) of the examined sample is determined according to the
ES 2 389 986 T3 method previously described "Determination of humidity or loss on drying" based on DIN EN ISO 787-2.
0.5 g of silicic acid in powder form, spherical or granular, is weighed with a precision of 0.1 mg and placed in a previously calcined porcelain tared crucible (input weighing E). The sample is heated for 2 h at 1000 ± 50 ° C in a muffle furnace. The porcelain crucible is then cooled to room temperature in a drying cabinet with silica gel as the drying medium. The output weighing A is determined gravimetrically.
The loss on ignition (DIN) GV is obtained in% according to
GV = (1 -A / F) * 100.
F means the input weight corrected in g referred to the dry substance and is calculated according to
F = E * (1 -TV / 100)
In the calculations, they mean A = weighing out in g, E = weighing in in g, and TV = loss on drying in%.
Determination of the BET surface
The specific nitrogen surface (hereinafter referred to as BET surface) of the precipitated silicic acid in the form of powder, spherical or granular form is determined on the basis of the ISO 5794-1 / Annex D standard with the TRISTAR 3000 apparatus (from the Mlcromerltlcs entity) according to the determination of multiple points according to DIN-ISO 9277.
Determination of the CTAB surface
The method is based on the absorption of CTAB (N-hexadec¡lN, N, N-tr¡metal-ammonium bromide) together with the "external" surface of the precipitated silicic acid, relying on the ASTM 3765 standard. , or respectively NFT45-007 (chapter 5.12.1.3).
The absorption of CTAB is carried out in an aqueous solution with stirring and treatment with ultrasound. Excess non-adsorbed CTAB is determined by back titration with NDSS (a solution of sodium dloctllsulfosuccinate, = "Aerosol OT" solution) with a Tltroprozessor (titration processor), the end point being given by the maximum cloudiness of the solution and being determined with a phototrode (Phototrode). The temperature during all the operations carried out is 23-25 ° C, in order to prevent a separation of CTAB by crystallization. The back titration is based on the following reaction equation:
(C20H37O4) SO<sub>3</sub>Na + BrN (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(Ci<sub>6</sub>H<sub>33</sub>) ^ (C<sub>2O</sub>H<sub>37</sub>OR<sub>4</sub>) SO<sub>3</sub>N (CH<sub>3</sub>)<sub>3</sub>(Ci<sub>6</sub>H3<sub>3</sub>) + NaBr
NDSS CTAB
Apparatus
METTLER Toledo Type DL 55 Tltroprocessor and METTLER Toledo Type DL 70 Tltroprocessor, each equipped with: a pH electrode, manufactured by Mettler, type DG 111 and a phototrode, manufactured by Mettler, type DP 550
One beaker for titration, with a capacity of 100 ml, made of a polypropylene
One glass titration vessel, with a capacity of 150 ml, fitted with a lid
A pressure filtration apparatus, with a capacity of 100 ml
A cellulose nitrate based membrane filter, 0.1 pm pore size, 0 47mm diameter, e.g. from Whatman (order no.7181-004)
Reagents
The CTAB (Cctab = 0.015 mol / l in deloled water) and NDSS (concentration = 0.00423 mol / l in deloled water) solutions are purchased ready-for-use (from Bernd Kraft, 47167 Dulsburg, Order No. 6056.4700 CTAB solution 0.015 mol / l; Order No. 6057.4700 NDSS solution 0.00423 mol / l), they are stored at 25 ° C and consumed within a month.
ES 2 389 986 T3
Realization
1. Blind valuation
The consumption of a NDSS solution for the titration of 5 ml of a CTAB solution has to be checked 1 x (once) per day before each series of measurements. For this, the phototrode, before the beginning of the titration, is adjusted to 1,000 ± 20 mV (corresponding to a transparency of 100%).
Exactly 5.00 ml of a CTAB solution is pipetted into a beaker for titration and 50.0 ml of deionized water is added thereto. With stirring, the titration is carried out with an NDSS solution, according to the measurement method that is customary for the person skilled in the art, with the DL 55 Titroprozessor until reaching the maximum cloudiness of the solution. The consumption Va of the NDSS solution is determined in ml. Each titration is to be performed as a triplicate determination.
2. Absorption
10.0 g of precipitated silicic acid in the form of powder, spherical or granular, with a moisture content of 5 ± 2% (if necessary, the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in a drying cabinet or by uniform wetting) are crumbled over 30 seconds with a mill (from Krups, model KM 75, article n ° 2030-70). Exactly 500.0 mg of the shredded sample (input weighing E) is transferred to a 150 ml capacity titration vessel fitted with magnetic stirring bars, and 100.0 ml of a CTAB solution ( T1). The titration vessel is closed with a lid and shaken with an Ultra Turrax T 25 shaker (with a KV18G stirring shaft, 18 mm diameter) at 18,000 rpm (revolutions per minute) maximum for 1 min until complete wetting. The titration vessel is screwed onto the DL 70 Titroprozessor and the pH value of the suspension is adjusted with KOH (0.1 mol / l) to a value of 9 ± 0.05.
Ultrasound treatment is carried out for 4 minutes of the suspension in the titration vessel within an ultrasound bath (from Bandelin, Sonorex RK 106 S, 35 kHz, 100 W effective or respectively a peak power of 200 W) at 25 ° C. This is followed by immediate pressure filtration through a membrane filter with a nitrogen pressure of 1.2 bar. The previous 5 ml fraction is discarded.
3. Assessment
5.00 ml of the remaining filtrate is pipetted into a 100 ml capacity beaker for titration and made up with deionized water to 50.00 ml. The beaker for titration is screwed onto the DL 55 Titroprozessor and, with stirring, the titration is carried out with a solution of NDSS until the maximum cloudiness is reached. The VB consumption of a NDSS solution is determined in ml. Each titration is to be carried out as a triplicate determination.
Calculation / a- / b Cctab * Mctab * T1 * p
CTAB (not corrected for humidity) = ---- * ------------ / a E
Va = consumption of a NDSS solution in ml when titrating the sample blind
Vb = consumption of a NDSS solution in ml when using the filtered material
Cctab = concentration of the CTAB solution in mol / l
Mctab = molecular mass of CTAB = 364.46 g / mol
T1 = added amount of CTAB solution in l
P = CTAB occupied space = 578,435 m<sup>2</sup>/ g
E = weighing in of silicic acid
The CTAB surface refers to the anhydrous precipitated silicic acid, for which the following correction is carried out:
CTAB (not corrected for moisture) in m<sup>2</sup>/ g * 100%
CTAB = ------------------------------------- 22
ES 2 389 986 T3
100 % - humidity in%
The moisture of the precipitated silicic acid is determined according to the described "moisture determination" method.
Determination of DBP absorption
The DBP absorption (DBP index), which is a measure of the absorption capacity of the precipitated silicic acid, is determined, based on DIN 53601, as follows:
12.50 g of a precipitated silicic acid in powder or spherical form having a moisture content of 0-10% (optionally the moisture content is adjusted by drying at 105 ° C in the drying cabinet). added to the mixer chamber (item number 279061) of the Absorptometer (absorption measuring device) from Brabender “E” (without damping of the output filter of the torque sensor sensor). In the case of granules, the granulometric fraction of 1 to 3.15 mm is used (with stainless steel sieves from Retsch) (by gentle compression on the granules with a synthetic material spatula through the sieve with a width of pores 3.15 mm). Through constant mixing (rotation speed of the blades of the mixer 125 rpm), dibutyl phthalate (= DBP) is added drop by drop at room temperature, through the apparatus "Dosimaten Brabender T 90/50" dibutyl phthalate (= DBP) with a speed of 4 ml / min, to the mixture. The introduction into the mixture takes place with only a small power consumption and is monitored with the aid of the digital display. Towards the end of the determination, the mixture becomes pasty, which is indicated by a steep slope of the force consumption. In the case of a 600-digit display (0.6 Nm torque), both the mixer and the metered addition of DBP are switched off by means of an electrical contact. The synchronous motor for supplying DBP is coupled with a digital counter device, so that the consumption of DBP in ml can be read.
The DBP absorption is indicated in g / 100 g and is calculated using the following formula:
DBP * 100 E *
100 g with
DBP = DBP absorption in g / (100 g)
V = DBP consumption in ml
D = density of DBP in g / ml (1.047 g / ml at 20 ° C)
E = input weighing of precipitated silicic acid in g
K = correction value according to the humidity correction table in g / 100 g.
DBP absorption is defined for anhydrous, dried precipitating silicic acid. In the case of using wet precipitating silicic acids, the correction value K must be taken into consideration for the calculation of DBP absorption. This value can be determined with the aid of the following correction table, eg a water content of the precipitated silicic acid of 5.8% would mean an addition of 33 g / (100 g) for the absorption of DBP. The moisture of the precipitated silicic acid is determined according to the method of "determination of moisture and respectively loss on drying".
ES 2 389 986 T3
Moisture correction table for dibutyl phthalate absorption (anhydrous)
<td rowspan="2">% moisture</td><td colspan="3">% moisture</td><td rowspan="2"> ,6</td><td rowspan="2"> ,8</td>
<td> ,0</td><td> ,2</td><td> ,4</td>
<td> 0</td><td> 0</td><td> 2</td><td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 7</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 9</td><td> 10</td><td> 12</td><td> 13</td><td> 15</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 16</td><td> 18</td><td> 19</td><td> 20</td><td> 22</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 23</td><td> 24</td><td> 26</td><td> 27</td><td> 28</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 28</td><td> 29</td><td> 29</td><td> 30</td><td> 31</td>
<td> 5</td><td> 31</td><td> 32</td><td> 32</td><td> 33</td><td> 33</td>
<td> 6</td><td> 34</td><td> 34</td><td> 35</td><td> 35</td><td> 36</td>
<td> 7</td><td> 36</td><td> 37</td><td> 38</td><td> 38</td><td> 39</td>
<td> 8</td><td> 39</td><td> 40</td><td> 40</td><td> 41</td><td> 41</td>
<td> 9</td><td> 42</td><td> 43</td><td> 43</td><td> 44</td><td> 44</td>
<td> 10</td><td> 45</td><td> 45</td><td> 46</td><td> 46</td><td> 47</td>
Determination by IR
Using IR spectroscopy, the different types of SiOH groups (isolated, bridged, + H<sub>2</sub>OR). For the determination of the intensities of the different silanol groups, the precipitated silicic acids are measured in the form of layers of powders. The extinction values of the different silanol groups are divided (normalized) by the extinction value of the oscillation band of the combination with SiO at 1870 cm '<sup>1</sup>.
The determination by IR spectroscopy is carried out using an IFS 85 FT-IR (Fourier transform infrared) spectrometer from Bruker. For the measurement, a NaCl single crystal window (circular d = 25 mm, h = 5 mm) from the entity K. Korth, from Kiel, a 0.5 mm Teflon-based spacer element and a support for window. The spacer element is placed over a clean, polished NaCl single crystal window. The sample material is sprinkled between the spacer element and is covered with another window of clean and polished NaCl single crystals, not having any air bubbles enclosed. The two NaCl single crystal windows with the powder coating are clamped inside the sample holder. The sample holder is brought into the IR path and the sample chamber is closed. The sample chamber, prior to measurement, is swept with air purified from water vapor and carbon dioxide. In the adjustment mode an "alignment" (in English "Allgn") was carried out and the measurement started.
The measurement is carried out with the following parameters:
Resolution:
Scanner speed:
Measurement range:
Apodization function:
cm '<sup>1</sup>
6; 10.51 Hz
4,500 cm '<sup>1</sup> up to 100 cm '<sup>1</sup>
Triangular
Number of scans: 128
ES 2 389 986 T3
The spectrum is expressed in continuous wave numbers in the wave number range of 4,000 to 1,400 cm.
The SiOHisolated extinction ratio is determined as follows (Figure 4):
First, two baselines are established. To do this, two tangents are drawn to the absorption curve. The first tangent (1<sup>to</sup> baseline) touches the absorption curve for one part in the 4,000 cm interval<sup>-1</sup> at 3,800 cm<sup>-1</sup> and on the other hand in the interval of 3,000 cm '<sup>1</sup> at 2,100 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In this case, make sure that the tangent does not intersect the absorption curve or in the 4,000 cm interval.<sup>-1</sup> at 3,800 cm<sup>-1</sup> nor in the 3,000 cm interval<sup>-1</sup> at 2,100 cm<sup>-1</sup>. The second tangent (2nd base line) touches the absorption curve for one part in the interval of 2,200 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 2,000 cm<sup>-1</sup> as well as on the other hand in the interval of 1,850 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 1,650 cm<sup>-1</sup>. In this case, it must be ensured that the tangent does not intersect the absorption curve or in the 2,200 cm interval.<sup>-1</sup> at 2,000 cm<sup>-1</sup> nor in the range of 1,850 cm<sup>-1</sup> at 1,650 cm<sup>-1</sup>.
After the establishment of the baselines, from the maximum of the relevant bands (3,750 and 1,870 cm<sup>-1</sup>) the perpendicular to the respective base line is drawn and the respective heights from the maximum to the base line are measured in mm. The following quotient is formed:
Height from maximum to baseline in mm at 3,750 cm<sup>-1 </sup>Extinction ratio (Isolated SiOH) = -Height from maximum to baseline in mm at 1870 cm<sup>-1</sup>
Six IR spectra are recorded from each sample, each being measured with a new sample material. Each IR spectrum is evaluated in each case five times according to the procedure described above. The extinction ratio (SiOHisolated) is finally indicated as the mean value of all evaluations.
Determination of the contact angle
The contact angle is determined as described in WT Yen, RS Chahal, T. Salman, Can. Met. Quart., Vol. 12, No. 3, 1973.
Determination of the density of silanol groups
First, the humidity of the precipitation silicic acid sample is determined according to the paragraph "Determination of humidity or loss on drying". Accordingly, 2 - 4 g of the sample (to be determined with a precision of 1 mg) are transferred to a pressure-tight glass apparatus (glass flask with a dropping funnel) with the pressure measurement connected. There, it is dried for 1 h at 120 ° C under vacuum (<1 hPa). At room temperature, approximately 40 ml of a degassed 2% solution of LiAlH4 in diglyme are then added dropwise from a dropping funnel. Finally, more solution is added dropwise until no further increase in pressure can be observed. The increase in pressure due to hydrogen resulting from the reaction of LiAlH4 with the silanol groups of the precipitated silicic acid is determined with an accuracy of 1hPa by means of a pressure measurement (in the case of the volume known by means of calibration of the equipment carried out before the measurement). From the increase in pressure, the concentration of silanol groups of the precipitated silicic acid can be calculated back through the general gas equation, taking into account the humidity of the precipitated silicic acid. The influence of the vapor pressure of the solvent has to be corrected in this case in a corresponding way. From this, the density of silanol groups is calculated as follows:
Silanol group concentration
Density of silanol groups = Surface of BET
Determination of particle size distribution by laser diffraction
The determination of the particle size distribution is carried out according to the principle of laser diffraction in a laser beam diffractometer (from Horiba, LA-920).
First, the sample of precipitated silicic acid is dispersed in 100 ml of water without the addition of dispersive additives in a beaker with a capacity of 150 ml (diameter: 6 cm) in such a way that a dispersion with a weight ratio results of 1% by weight of SiO2. This dispersion is then dispersed with an ultrasound finger (from Dr. Hielscher UP400s, Sonotrode H7) intensively (300 W, non-pulsed) for a period of 5 min. To do this, the ultrasound finger must be positioned in such a way that its lower end is immersed until it reaches approximately 1 cm above the bottom of the beaker. Immediately following dispersal, a partial sample of the requested dispersion of
ES 2 389 986 T3 ultrasound determines the particle size distribution with a laser beam diffractometer (Horiba, LA-920). For evaluation with Horiba's jointly supplied standard software (logic program), LA920, a relative refractive index of 1.09 is to be chosen.
All measurements are carried out at room temperature. The particle size distribution as well as the relevant quantities, such as eg the particle size dgü are automatically calculated by the apparatus and plotted. Observe the indications in the handling instructions.
Determination of modified rammed density
In the case of the "usual" determination of the rammed density according to DIN EN ISO 787-11 the measurement result can be falsified by the fact that the precipitated silicic acid has already undergone a previous consolidation, p eg when packing. In order to exclude this fact, a "modified rammed density" is determined for the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention.
A porcelain suction filter funnel fitted with a circular filter (e.g. type 598 from Schleicher + Schüll) (nominal size 110, diameter = 12 cm and height = 5.5 cm) is filled with precipitated silicic acid in a decohesionate state until it reaches approximately 1 cm below the upper edge and is covered with an elastic sheet (Parafilm®). The shape and dimensions of the elastic sheet should be chosen in such a way that it is closed and delimited as completely as possible by the edge of the porcelain suction filter funnel. The suction filter funnel is placed over a suction bottle and then a vacuum of - 0.7 bar is applied for the time period of 5 min. In this case, the precipitated silicic acid is uniformly compacted by the aspirated sheet. After this it is carefully vented and the resulting plate of precipitated silicic acid is removed from the suction funnel by collapsing into a porcelain tray.
The slightly pre-comminuted material is uniformly redispersed through a centrifugal mill (ZM 1, from Retsch, 0.5 mm sieve insert, speed stage 1, without any cyclone and without any funnel insert. internal) with an internal collection bucket (the precipitated silicic acid (educt) is added to the mill loading arrangement slowly - at the rate of spatula application by spatula application -, the internal product collection tray must never be completely full) (in the sense of a precipitation silicic acid / air aerosol). In this case, the electrical current consumption of the mill must not exceed the value of 3 amps. This process involves less classical grinding than a definite de-cohesion of the structure of the precipitated silicic acid (from e.g. Precipitated silicic acids ground with air jets), since the energy input is significantly lower here than in the case of jet milling.
g of the material obtained in this way are weighed with a precision of 0.1 g and introduced into the volumetric measuring cylinder with a capacity of 250 ml of the tamping volume meter (type STAV 2003, from Engelsmann). Based on the DIN ISO 787-11 standard, the scale, after repeated tamping 1,250 times, is read off the resulting volume of the precipitated silicic acid in ml.
g 1,000 ml
Modified rammed density in [g / l] = - xTamped volume in [ml] 11
The following Examples should explain the invention in more detail, without limiting its scope.
The water glass and sulfuric acid used in different places in the following prescriptions of the Examples are characterized as follows:
Soluble glass: density 1,348 kg / l, 27.0% by weight of SiO2, 8.05% by weight of Na2O
Sulfuric acid: density 1.83 kg / l, 94% by weight.
Example 1
In a precipitation container with a capacity of 2 m<sup>3</sup> (and a diameter of 160 cm) provided with an inclined bottom, with a MIG inclined blade stirrer system and an Ekato fluid shear turbine, 1,680 l of deionized water were previously placed and heated to 92 ° C. After this temperature has been reached, a water glass with a dosage rate of 3.93 kg / min and a sulfuric acid with a dosage rate of 0.526 kg / min are metered in with stirring over a period of 100 min. The sulfuric acid metering rate must optionally be corrected in such a way that a pH value of 8.5 is maintained throughout the precipitation period. After this the addition is disconnected
ES 2 389 986 T3 is dispensed with water glass and the precipitation suspension is acidified to a pH of 3 with the same dosage rate of sulfuric acid. The precipitation suspension then has a solids content of 54 g / l.
The suspension obtained is filtered with a membrane filter press and the filter cake is washed with deionized water, until a conductivity of <1 mS / cm can be verified in the washing waters. The filter cake is then presented with a solids content of <20%.
Before drying by means of a spray dryer, the filter cake is redispersed with deionized water to a solids content of 8 - 13%, taking care that it is not subjected to any strong shear forces in this case. . The metered incorporation of the liquefied filter cake into the spray dryer is carried out in such a way that the temperature measured at the outlet of the dryer is approximately 150 ° C.
The spray dried material is pre-ground through a mechanical beater mill to a mean particle size of 10-12 pm. After this pre-grinding, the material is finely ground in a fluidized bed opposed jet mill operated with steam, according to Figures 1, 2a and 3a at an overpressure of 38 bars. Details about the grinding system (mill) used and about the grinding procedure used can be taken from the above specification as well as from Figures 1, 2a and 3a.
For the previous preparation of the grinding itself with superheated steam, a mill with opposite jets in fluidized bed according to Figure 1 with an integrated dynamic pneumatic classifier according to Figures 2a and 3a is first heated, through the two heating nozzles 5a (of which only one is shown in Figure 1) which are charged with air pressure of 10 bar and heated to 160 ° C, until reaching an exit temperature from the mill of approximately 105 ° C.
Behind the mill, for the separation of the grinding material, a filtration installation (not shown in Figure 1) is connected whose filter housing is indirectly heated in the lower third through heating coils placed next to it, by means of steam. 6 bar saturated, also to avoid condensation. All apparatus surfaces in the area of the mill, the separating filter, as well as the supply lines for steam and hot pressurized air are specially insulated.
After the heating temperature has been reached, the supply to the heating nozzles with hot pressurized air is switched off and the charging of the three grinding nozzles with superheated steam (37.9 bar (absolute), at 325 ° C), as a grinding medium.
To protect the filter medium used in the separation filter, as well as to set a certain remaining water content of the grinding material (see Table 1), water is injected in the start-up phase and during the start-up phase. grinding in the grinding chamber of the mill through a two-material nozzle operated by pressurized air, depending on the outlet temperature from the mill.
The following configuration and operating parameters of the mill are used: nozzle diameter of grinding nozzles = 2.5 mm, nozzle type = Laval, number of nozzles = 3 units; internal pressure in the mill = 1.306 bar (absolute), inlet pressure of the grinding medium = 37.9 bar (absolute), inlet temperature in the grinding medium = 325 ° C, outlet temperature of the grinding medium from the mill grinding = 149.8 ° C, classifier speed = 3,500 min<sup>-1</sup>, electric current of the classifier = 54.5 A%, diameter of the outlet mouth (diameter of the immersion tube) = 100 mm.
It begins with the loading of the product, when the aforementioned process parameters are constant. The regulation of the charged quantity is carried out depending on the classifier current that is adjusted. The classifier current regulates the charged amount in such a way that 70% of the nominal current cannot be exceeded.
In this case, the incorporation member (4) functions is a cell wheel regulated in the number of revolutions, which doses the material loaded from a pre-loading container through a rhythmic lock that serves as a barometric seal within the grinding chamber. which is under an overpressure.
The crumbling of the coarse material takes place in the expanding steam jets (grinding gas). In common with the expanded grinding gas the product particles rise in the center of the grinding vessel towards the sorting wheel. Depending on the set speed of the classifier and the amount of grinding steam, the particles, which are sufficiently fine, arrive together with the grinding steam at the outlet for the fine material and from there to the separation system connected behind, while the too coarse particles return to the grinding zone and are subjected to a renewed comminution. The
ES 2 389 986 T3 discharge of the fine material deposited from the separation filter into the silage and subsequent packaging is carried out by means of a cell wheel lock.
The grinding pressure of the grinding gas, which prevails in the grinding nozzles, or the resulting amount of grinding gas, in conjunction with the speed of the dynamic paddle wheel classifier, determine the fineness of the grinding. grain distribution function as well as the upper grain limit.
The material is ground to the particle size defined in Table 1 by the value of d90 and the proportion of particles <1 pm.
The material is then processed in the swirl bed reactor (swirl bed height of the expanded swirl bed approx. 1.5 m, swirl bed diameter approx. 0.5 m). For this, the following conditions must be respected:
First, 5 kg of the ground powder is charged into the swirl bed reactor with a fluidizing bottom. The fluidization bottom is traversed by a stream of a gaseous mixture based on dry nitrogen and dry air. These two gases are metered in before entering the reactor, in such a way that a resulting oxygen content of 6% by volume is not exceeded and that a fluidization speed in the reactor of 0.05 m / s is established. Then the reactor is heated from room temperature to 600 ° C. The gaseous flows of the fluidizing gas have to be regulated in the heating phase in such a way that the fluidization speed in the reactor of 0.05 m / s remains constant.
After 600 ° C has been reached, a previously heated gaseous mixture of steam and nitrogen is fed into the reactor over a period of 3 h. The two components are mixed in such a way that a water vapor concentration of 90% and a nitrogen content of 10% are set. The quantities of the gases are adapted in such a way that a fluidized gas velocity of 0.05 m / s again results.
After this, the steam addition is stopped and pure nitrogen at 600 ° C is passed through the swirl bed reactor over 30 minutes.
The material is then cooled to room temperature in the dry nitrogen stream and discharged from the reactor. In the cooling phase, pay particular attention to ensuring that no water vapor is now present.
Then the material is acidified with HCl gas to pH = 4.3.
For this the material is divided into a portion A and a portion B.
Portion A is acidified with HCl gas. For this, 20 g of silicic acid are gassed for 2 minutes (with a flow rate of approximately 250 ml / h) at room temperature. The material is then flushed with nitrogen over the course of 10 minutes.
After this treatment the material has a pH value of 3.7.
So much material from portion B is then added to the acidified portion A until a pH value of 4.3 is established.
The process of acidification and mixing can be repeated as many times until the desired amount of sample has been reached.
The chemical and physical data for Example 1 are listed in Table 1.
Comparative example
As a comparative example, the precipitated silicic acid according to Example 2 of DE 102006024591 was used.
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Table 1:
<td>Product</td><td></td><td>Example 1</td><td>Comparative example</td>
<td>BET</td><td>m<sup>2</sup>/ g</td><td> 142</td><td> 142</td>
<td>CTAB</td><td>m<sup>2</sup>/ g</td><td> 163</td><td> 157</td>
<td>DBP</td><td>g / 100 g</td><td> 286</td><td> 295</td>
<td>PH value</td><td> -</td><td> 4,3</td><td> 6,0</td>
<td>Loss on drying</td><td> %</td><td> 0,8</td><td> 0,5</td>
<td>Loss on ignition</td><td> %</td><td> 0,9</td><td> 0,9</td>
<td>Extinction ratio<sup>SiOH</sup>isolated</td><td></td><td> 3,19</td><td> 3,17</td>
<td>Density of silanol groups</td><td>SiOH / nm<sup>2</sup></td><td> 1,92</td><td> 1,988</td>
<td>Modified rammed density</td><td>g / l</td><td> 23</td><td> 21</td>
<td>Proportion of fine particles <1 pm<sup>1</sup>)</td><td> %</td><td> 74,79</td><td> 66,7</td>
<td>Type of particle distribution</td><td></td><td>Bimodal</td><td>Bimodal</td>
<td>Dgü value of the particle distribution relative to the volume</td><td>p.m</td><td> 5,03</td><td> 5,87</td>
<td>Behavior in front of the water</td><td></td><td>Hydrophilic</td><td>Hydrophilic</td>
<sup>1)</sup> in the case of ultrasound for 5 min with 300 watts.
Example 3: Technical tests of use
3. 1 Production of RTV-1K silicone sealing masses that are crosslinked with acetate, with precipitated silicic acids
The quantities necessary for the production of the subsequent formulation are indicated in Table 2. During the production it has to be cooled by means of tap water in such a way that the formulation does not heat up essentially above room temperature. The production is carried out at room temperature and with a relative humidity of the air of 40 to 60%.
In a dissolving and planet apparatus (from H. Linden, type LPMD 2SP) equipped with a stirring vessel with a capacity of 2 l, provided with a double casing, a connection to the cooling water and a propulsion of the planets and the adjustable solvent independently of each other, a silicone polymer, a plasticizing agent (a silicone oil) and a crosslinking agent are weighed and introduced and homogenized for 1 min at a speed of 50 min<sup>-1</sup> (propulsion of the planets) and 500 min<sup>-1</sup> (dissolver drive). The catalyst is then added and homogenized for 15 min under an atmosphere of N2 with unchanged speeds of the propulsion of the planets and of the dissolver. After this, the stabilizing agent and the precipitated silicic acid are incorporated in the Comparative Example and only the precipitated silicic acid in the Example according to the invention, also at constant rates. As soon as the precipitating silicic acid has been completely wetted, a vacuum of about 200 mbar is applied and dispersed for
10 min to 100 min<sup>-1</sup> of the planet shaker device and 2,000 min<sup>-1</sup> dissolver.
Immediately after completion of dispersion, the stirred vessel is vented with nitrogen. With a barrel press the sealing compound is filled as quickly as possible into aluminum tubes (cartridges).
ES 2 389 986 T3
<td colspan="3" rowspan="2">Table 2: Formulation for the production of a one-component silicone sealing compound that crosslinks at room temperature (RTV-1K) with acetoxy system</td><td colspan="2">Crosslinking agent 42 g</td><td colspan="2">Crosslinking agent 30 g</td>
<td colspan="2">Degree of filling 12% SiO2</td><td colspan="2">Degree of filling 12% SiO2</td>
<td>Formulation component [general name]</td><td>Denomination chemistry</td><td>Product name and manufacturer</td><td>Input weighing [g]</td><td>Proportion [%]</td><td>Input weighing</td><td>Proportion [%]</td>
<td>Silicone polymer OH terminated silicone polymer (viscosity = 50,000 mPa * s)</td><td>α, ω- Hydroxydimethylsiloxy- poly (dimethylsiloxane)</td><td>Silopren® E 50 GE Bayer Silicones GmbH & Co. KG</td><td> 468,00</td><td> 58,6</td><td> 468,00</td><td> 60,1</td>
<td>Plasticizing agent Non-functional poly (dimethylsiloxane) (silicone oil, viscosity = 1,000 mPa * s)</td><td>α, ω-Trimethylsiloxy- poly (dimethylsiloxane)</td><td>Oil M 1000 GE Bayer Silicones GmbH & Co. KG</td><td> 184,50</td><td> 23,1</td><td> 184,50</td><td> 23,7</td>
<td rowspan="2">Active filler Silicic acid precipitation</td><td rowspan="2">Silicic acid precipitation</td><td>Example 1</td><td></td><td></td><td> 95,79</td><td> 12,3</td>
<td>Comparative example</td><td> 95,79</td><td> 11,99</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Crosslinking agent</td><td>Ethyltriacetoxysilane</td><td>Ethyltriacetoxysilane ABCR GmbH & Co. KG</td><td> 42,00</td><td> 5,3</td><td> 30,00</td><td> 3,9</td>
<td>Stabilizing agent</td><td></td><td>TP 3556 GE Bayer Silicones GmbH & Co. KG</td><td> 8,00</td><td> 1,0</td><td> 0,00</td><td> 0,00</td>
<td>Catalyst</td><td>Dibutyl tin diacetate</td><td>TEGOKAT® 233 Goldschmidt TIB GmbH</td><td>7 Tr 0.01 g</td><td> 0,001</td><td>7 Tr 0.01 g</td><td> 0,001</td>
<td>Total quantities</td><td></td><td></td><td> 798,3</td><td> 100</td><td> 778,3</td><td> 100</td>
Tr. = drops
3.2 Determination of rheological properties and storage stability of RTV-1K sealing compounds
The sealing compounds produced according to Example 3, Item 1, "Production of RTV-1K silicone sealing compounds which are crosslinked with acetate, with precipitated silicic acids", are stored before the test for at least 24 h in an air-conditioned room at 23 ° C / with a relative humidity of 50%.
To test the storage stability of the sealing masses, two tubes are stored for 35 days in an air-conditioned room at 23 ° C / 50% relative humidity and are tested in each case for a storage period of 0, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days. In addition, an additional tube is stored in a circulating air oven at 50 ° C for 35 days and is tested after a storage time period of 1, 7, 14, 21, 28 and 35 days.
The rheological properties are determined using a RheoStress 1 rheometer from Haake (regulation via a personal computer using the RheoWin Pro program). The manipulation of the apparatus and the logic program is described in detail in the operating instructions of the Haake entity. For the measurement, use a die with a diameter of 35 mm and the upper assembly of the MPC measuring plate.
35. Measurement is carried out under the following conditions:
Gap distance between die and upper gauge plate assembly: 0.5mm
Measuring temperature: 23 ° C
Measuring range (shear rate): 0 - 10 l / s
Number of measuring points: 400
The measurement points are represented in a diagram, which represents the shear rate γ on the x axis and the thrust stress τ on the y axis. With the shear rate = 10 l / s the thrust stress is read and from it the viscosity η at 10 l / s is calculated according to the equation η = τ / γ. Two tubes are measured, for each tube at least three measurements are carried out. From the six individual results, the highest and lowest value are crossed out. From the remaining four results, the mean value is calculated.
For the determination of the flow limit, the model according to Casson is used. As a database for the calculation of the flow curve according to Casson, the interval from 0.2 to 2 l / s from the shear rate and thrust stress diagram is taken as a basis. The following dependency is defined:
ES 2 389 986 T3
<img file="ES2389986T3_D0001.tif" />
The value on the y-axis, where it intersects the flow curve calculated according to Casson, is indicated as the flow limit according to Casson.
The determination of both the viscosity at 10 l / s as well as the Casson flow limit is carried out automatically under the aforementioned conditions by means of the RheoWln Pro logic program.
3.3 Evaluation of the results
For the evaluation of the structural stability of silicone rubber formulations, in which the precipitating silicic acids according to the invention had been incorporated, the measurement results for the Casson flow limit and the viscosity at a shear rate of 1/10 (Table 3).
The structural stability is to understand the rheological behavior of an RTV-1K silicone sealing compound. Structural stability is designated good when a silicone rubber applied to a vertical surface adheres there over 24 hours during curing without running. A sufficiently good structural stability can be recognized at a viscosity of> 100 Pas and at a flow limit of> 90 Pa. The Casson flow limit values of the silicone rubber formulations of Examples 3a and 3b are in a comparably good range, and yet the silicone rubber formulation 3a contains a lower amount of crosslinking in a 30% as well as does not contain any stabilizer. Consequently, the formulations containing the precipitated silicic acid according to the invention remain preserved in the form in which they had been applied and do not show any tendency to drift. This is also confirmed by the viscosity values. Here, the precipitated silicic acids according to the invention show a markedly improved viscosity, that is to say higher, compared to the comparative examples.
The storage stability, that is, the modification of the rheological properties such as the flow limit and the viscosity as well as the negative hardening behavior in the tube over time, is represented in Tables 4 and 5. In this case , storage both at room temperature and also at elevated temperature (50 ° C) were considered.
Tables 4 and 5 demonstrate the low amount of crosslinking agent required when using the precipitated silicic acid according to the invention compared to the precipitated silicic acid of the Comparative Example. The amount of the crosslinking agent could be reduced by about 30%. In addition to the low amount of crosslinking agent, of only 30 g per 95.79 g of precipitated silicic acid, in the case of the use of the precipitated silicic acid according to the invention, contrary to the comparative example, it could be dispensed with also from the use of a stabilizing agent. Thus, Table 3 shows that the viscosity of the formulation with the precipitated silicic acid according to the Invention is clearly better than that of the Comparative Example, while the flow limit in both Examples is at a very good, comparable level.
Despite the low amount of crosslinking agent and the absence of the stabilizing agent, the formulations with the acidic precipitating silicic acid according to the invention show very good storage behavior, which is also manifested in the consistency of the viscosity. and the flow limit of the formulation stored for 35 days at room temperature and 50 ° C (Tables 4 and 5).
Despite the absence of a stabilizing agent, the samples of the Example according to the invention harden in a correct way at 50 ° C even after a storage period of 35 days. Precipitating silicic acids with higher pH values, as shown in the Comparative Example, on the contrary need a stabilizing agent and higher amounts of the crosslinking agent in order to harden in a correct way after a further period. long period of storage time at elevated temperature.
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Table 3: Functional stability test
<td>Example</td><td>Silicic acid used by</td><td>Load [%]</td><td>Agent content crosslinking agent [g]</td><td>Stabilizer GE TP 3556 [g]</td><td>Casson flow limit [Pa]</td><td>Viscosity at 10 l / s [Pa * s]</td>
<td>3rd</td><td>Example 1</td><td> 12</td><td> 30,0</td><td> 0,0</td><td> 241</td><td> 159</td>
<td>3b</td><td>Comparative example</td><td> 12</td><td> 42,0</td><td> 8,0</td><td> 260</td><td> 118</td>
Table 4: Rheology over 35 days at room temperature (RT)
<td>Example</td><td>Silicic acid used in</td><td>Load [%]</td><td>Agent content crosslinking agent [g]</td><td>Stabilizer GE TP 3556 [g]</td><td>Temp. in [° C]</td><td>Duration in [d]</td><td>Viscosity at 10 l / s in [Pa * s]</td><td>Casson flow limit in [Pa]</td>
<td rowspan="2">3rd</td><td rowspan="2">Example 1</td><td rowspan="2"> 12</td><td rowspan="2"> 30</td><td rowspan="2"> 0,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 23</td><td> 0</td><td> 159</td><td> 241</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 163</td><td> 235</td>
<td rowspan="2">3b</td><td rowspan="2">Example comparative</td><td rowspan="2"> 12</td><td rowspan="2"> 42</td><td rowspan="2"> 8,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 23</td><td> 0</td><td> 118</td><td> 260</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 124</td><td> 270</td>
Table 5: Rheology over 35 days at 50 ° C
<td>Example</td><td>Silicic acid used by</td><td>Load [%]</td><td>Agent content crosslinking [gv]</td><td>Stabilizer GE TP 3556 [g]</td><td>Temp. in [° C]</td><td>Duration in [d]</td><td>Viscosity at 10 l / s in [Pa * s]</td><td>Casson flow limit in [Pa]</td>
<td rowspan="2"> 3<sup>to</sup></td><td rowspan="2">Example 1</td><td rowspan="2"> 12</td><td rowspan="2"> 30</td><td rowspan="2"> 0,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td> 0</td><td> 162</td><td> 259</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 159</td><td> 300</td>
<td rowspan="2">3b</td><td rowspan="2">Example comparative</td><td rowspan="2"> 12</td><td rowspan="2"> 42</td><td rowspan="2"> 8,0</td><td rowspan="2"> 50</td><td> 0</td><td> 113</td><td> 252</td>
<td> 35</td><td> 112</td><td> 279</td>
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List of reference signs for Figures 1, 2, 2a, 3 and 3a jet mill cylindrical housing grinding chamber loading arrangement of grinding material inlet for grinding jets
5th heating nozzles product outlet pneumatic sorter sorting wheel
8th classifier slit inlet orifice or inlet nozzle grinding jet heating source heating source inlet tube temperature insulating jacket inlet outlet center of grinding chamber storage or production arrangement piping arrangements outlet mouth (tube immersion) classifier housing upper part of the housing lower part of the housing peripheral flange peripheral flange joint arrow housing of classification enclosure
28a support arms discharge cone flange cover disc cover disc vanes sorting wheel shaft
35a rotation bearing upper machined plates lower machined plate lower end segment of the housing mouth for product loading axis of rotation outlet chamber upper cover plate removable cover support arms conical annular housing suction filter perforated plate tube for discharge of the fine material repellent cone spiral for air inlet classification arrangement for discharge of thick material flange flange zone flange dispersion (beveled) made on the inner edge and lining replaceable protective tube replaceable protective tube outlet / discharge of fine material paddlewheel.
Contents22
7 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4 Sheet 5 Sheet 6 Sheet 7
14 members in 9 offices
Priority claims9
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 102007052269 | Germany | A | |
| 102007052269 | Germany | A | |
| 102007052269 | Germany | – | |
| 2008064566 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 2008064566 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 102007052269 | – | – | – |
| DE20071052269 | – | – | – |
| PCTEP2008064566 | – | – | – |
| WO2008EP64566 | – | – | – |
Members14
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102007052269A1 | Germany | A1 | |
| WO2009056530A2 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A2 | |
| US2009137732A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| WO2009056530A3 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A3 | |
| TW200938484A | Taiwan Province of China | A | |
| EP2209739A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| CN101918313A | China | A | |
| EP2209739B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| PT2209739E | Portugal | E | |
| ES2389986T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| PL2209739T3 | Poland | T3 | |
| CN101918313B | China | B | |
| TWI457279B | Taiwan Province of China | B | |
| US9738535B2 | United States of America | B2 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2389986
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2389986
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2389986T
- Application
- 8845222
- Application, DOCDB
- 08845222
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20080845222T
Titles2
- Spanish
- Acidos silícicos de precipitación para formulaciones de cauchos de siliconas RTV-1 estables en almacenamiento sin ningún estabilizador
- English
- Silicon precipitation acids for RTV-1 silicone rubber formulations stable in storage without any stabilizer
Classification
- CPC, 7
- C01B33/193
- C01P2004/61
- C01P2004/62
- C01P2006/10
- C01P2006/12
- C01P2006/19
- C09K3/1018
- IPC, 5
- C01B33 12
- C01B33 143
- C01B33 18
- C01B33 187
- C01B33 193