Polyester bottle having a reduced coefficient of friction and improved clarity

Polyester bottle that has a reduced coefficient of friction and improved transparency

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Field of the Invention

This invention generally relates to polyester bottles as defined in the claims, and particularly to polyester polyesters and bottles having a reduced coefficient of friction and improved transparency.

Description of the prior art

There are problems in transporting various types of polyester containers due to the excessive amount of static friction that is encountered when the surfaces of the container come into contact. This excessive friction can lead to interruptions of the "process line" or of the "fill line" that are economically undesirable. The problem occurs after the polyester polymer has been molded into preforms or has been blown into various types of containers. Sometimes, the containers are transported directly within a packing station and then transported to a filling plant or transported to a labeling and filling line that is within the same plant. This problem is more pronounced in the carbonated beverage industry ("CSD") due to the high speed of the transport blow molding transport lines and filling. The problem is also found in other parts of the polyester container industry where the containers are transported under applied pressures from congested areas of the transport process.

During the preform process by blow molding or injection molding, the preforms are supplied to large boxes (gaylord boxes) that hold more than 1,000 preforms. Given the high coefficient of friction ("COF") that is common among polyester surfaces, preforms tend to stack on top of each other in a conical shape as seen from one side of the box. This stacking results in a load of less preforms to a box and, therefore, higher transportation costs per preform. The high level of friction between the surfaces of the preforms can cause blockages in the feeder drawer as the preforms are loaded onto the feed train. Similarly, clogging can also occur in the feed rail due to such friction.

Containers with straight walls, such as the two-liter bottles used in the carbonated beverage industry ("CSC") have a very smooth surface that maximizes the amount of surface area that comes into contact between two adjacent bottles. With the inherently high COF of polyester containers, such as PET (PET has a static COF greater than 1.0), the containers become entangled and "tip over" or stop their movement in the transport line after blowing or during filling. Such overturning and detention obviously cause undesirable interruptions in transport or filling procedures.

A high COF prevents adjacent containers on a multi-row transport line from moving (tipping or sliding) during transport. When the transport line changes direction, sometimes as much as 90 degrees, the containers can get stuck and stand still and stop feeding or turn over and stop the line. In any case, someone has to monitor these problem areas all the time and keep the line moving. Therefore, a container that has a low static COF that can slide and rotate against other containers during transport will minimize or eliminate the downtime of the process and the need for someone to constantly monitor the process. All these problems are related to polyesters that have an unacceptable COF.

There are procedures in the prior art for reducing the COF of polyesters. One such procedure involves the addition of an anti-blocking agent, such as silica, talc, calcium carbonate, calcium stearate and other inorganic compounds. JP 9272191 describes a multi-layer sheet containing inert particles (from 10 to 5000 ppm with sizes from 0.5 to 30 micrometers) including silica and talc that are used to improve slip properties, scratch resistance, cutting properties and adhesive properties of the sheet and articles made from the sheet. US 5,840,419 describes multi-layer polyolefin films that use crosslinked silicone in combination with inorganic anti-blocking agents, such as talc, in amounts of 500 to 5,000 ppm with particle sizes ranging from 1 to 6 micrometers to reduce COF. No reference describes blow molded containers. US 6,323,271 describe polyester resins containing a silica selected from the group consisting of smoking silica, colloidal silica and silica beads, which is useful for manufacturing containers that have a reduced tack relative to containers made from the same resin but without silica. US 5,258,161 describes polyolefin films having talc in amounts of 0.05% to 3% by weight as an anti-blocking agent. The US document

5,908,890 describes a polymer film comprising a polyolefin matrix containing an anti-blocking agent of pumice in amounts of less than about 1 percent by weight.

US 5,830,544 describes bottles of poly (ethylene terephthalate) ("PET") which have reduced tackiness due to the addition of amorphous silica in a concentration range of 10 to 100 ppm. The use of additives other than amorphous silica or procedures to improve the transparency of bottles containing non-stick additives is not described. Heisei Japanese Patent Application 2-307117 describes the optimization of the filler load and particle size in the properties of the film, such as fogging and COF. The reference does not describe containers, such as plastic bottles, nor does it describe the drying of an anti-lock before processing.

Heisei Japanese Patent Application 4-180957 describes a mono-or multi-layer and thermoformed molded sheets prepared from PET having 100 to 10,000 ppm of talc with a particle size of less than 10 microns. Suitable thermoformed containers include blister packs that have good transparency. Containers, such as plastic bottles, or the benefits of anti-lock drying before processing, or the use of fatty acid moorings are not described.

There is a prior art related to polyester films that incorporate a variety of inorganic particles to improve crystallinity and slippage. JP 7238211 describes a magnetic tape; JP 6065478 describes a magnetic tape, a photographic or packaging film; JP 5104621 describes thermoformed sheets; JP 4183718 describes a base film for magnetic tape, photo film, electrical insulating film, a base material for gold wire, and packaging material; and JP 4180957 describe PET with talcum powder with excellent sliding and stacking properties with good transparency.

None of the prior art references describe polyester polyesters or containers having a friction coefficient of much less than 1.0, particularly polyester polyesters or containers having talcum powder as an anti-blocking agent. Therefore, there is a need for new and improved polyester polyesters and containers having a reduced COF, particularly containers with high transparency (low fogging) and a reduced COF.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

It is another object of the invention to provide polyester polyesters and bottles having a reduced coefficient of friction and improved transparency.

These and other objects are achieved using a dry talc that has about 20 to about 300 ppm of water or fatty acid binding talc to reduce the coefficient of friction for polyester bottles and polyester containers as defined in the claims. The uses of these talcs result in polyester polyesters and bottles that have a friction coefficient of less than 1.0 and a transparency with fogging values ​​of less than about 4%. Such polyester polyesters and bottles can be used to package various foods and beverages.

Other and additional objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1 is a graph showing the effect of talc particle size on the COF.

Figure 2 is a graph showing the effect of talc particle size on fogging.

Figure 3 is a graph showing the effect of BaSO4 particle size on the COF.

Figure 4 is a graph showing the effect of BaSO4 particle size on fogging.

Figure 5 is a graph showing the effect of SiO2 particle size on the COF.

Figure 6 is a graph showing the effect of SiO2 particle size on fogging.

Figure 7 is a graph comparing the effect of talc, BaSO4 and SiO2 on COF.

Figure 8 is a graph comparing the effect of talc, BaSO4 and SiO2 on fogging.

Figure 9 is a graph that compares the effect of dry and non-dry talcum powder on COF.

Figure 10 is a graph comparing the effect of dried and non-dried talc on fogging.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The terms "percentage by weight" and the acronym "% by weight", as used herein, refer to weight percentages based on the total weight of the polyester composition in its final form with all ingredients added.

In one aspect, the present invention describes polyesters and provides polyester bottles as defined in the claims that have a reduced coefficient of friction ("COF") and acceptable transparency. Reduced COF is obtained by the addition of talc, a hydrated magnesium silicate with the chemical formula Mg, Si. O10 (OH)., To polyesters. The talc antiblocking agent creates a surface roughness that lowers the COF of the polyesters while not adversely affecting the transparency of the polyester or the polyester bottle.

The talc that is useful in the present invention comprises approximately 62% SiO2 by weight and MgO at approximately 31%, has a density of approximately 2.7 grams per cubic centimeter (g / cc) and an average particle size of approximately 0.05 to about 50 micrometers , preferably from about 0.1 to about 20 micrometers, more preferably from about 0.2 to about 10 micrometers. Suitable talc is commercially available from various sources, including Polar Minerals, Inc. 2005 Newpoint Place Parkway, Lawrenceville, GA 30043, under the name Polar Talc 9107 or 9103 (with or without fatty acid binding attached).

Prior to the addition to the polyester, the talc is dried to contain from about 20 to about 300 ppm of water, preferably from about 50 to about 250 ppm of water. The use of this "dry talc" is important for this aspect of the present invention because it allows the production of a polyester with a combination of the maximum reduction in COF and a minimal adverse effect on transparency and fogging. The talc can be dried by conventional means, such as a dryer or oven under the conditions known to those skilled in the art. If the talc is not dry, a higher talc load will be necessary. If the talc is not dry, the level of fogging acquired for a certain amount of friction reduction will increase.

The concentration of dry talc in the polyesters of the present invention is from about 0.005 to about 0.02% by weight as defined in the claims.

Polyester bottles as defined in the claims made in accordance with this aspect of the present invention have a coefficient of friction of about 0.01 to about 1.0.

Polyesters and polyester bottles made in accordance with this aspect of the present invention have an acceptable transparency with fogging values ​​of about 0.1 to about 4%, preferably about 0.1 to about 3%.

Other well-known anti-blocking agents useful in the production of polyester polyesters and containers and having properties similar to talc will behave equally well in the present invention when dry so as to contain from about 20 to about 300 ppm of water, for example, amorphous silica, barium sulfate, zinc stearate, calcium phosphate and mixtures thereof.

In a further aspect, the present invention provides polyester polyesters and containers that have a reduced coefficient of friction ("COF") and improved transparency. The clarity of polyesters and polyester containers is improved by treating the talc with a fatty acid to fix a talc to the talc ("binding talc").

The fatty acids useful in the present invention are fatty acids that are compatible with the polyesters and thermally stable under the selected polymerization and / or processing conditions that are used to make the polyester polyesters and containers. Preferred fatty acids are selected from the group consisting of branched stearic acid, C6 to C20 fatty acids, saturated and unsaturated, linear and branched. The most preferred fatty acids are linoleic, palmitic, oleic, linoleic and palmollenic fatty acids.

The talc useful for producing binding talc is "talc without drying" which is commercially available or "dry talc" produced as described herein. Talc is bound to fatty acid by conventional means well known to those skilled in the art. Such fatty acid binding talcs are also commercially available from various sources, including Polar Minerals, Inc. 2005 Newpoint Place Parkway, Lawrenceville, GA 30043.

Without wishing to be bound by theory, it is believed that fatty acids make talc more compatible with polyester and reduce gaps after polymer orientation. The gaps are caused by the incompatibility of the polyester and the interface with the talc. When a container is stretched, if the polyester is not compatible with the talc particles, it pushes it out and creates a hole. Organic fatty acid moorings act as a link between inorganic talc particles and polyester.

The concentration of the talc in the polyester bottles of the present invention is from about 0.001 to about 0.1% by weight. Because less binding talc is generally required, the preferred concentration is from about 0.001 to about 0.04% by weight, more preferably from about 0.005 to about 0.020% by weight.

Polyester bottles as defined in the claims, manufactured in accordance with this aspect of the present invention have a coefficient of friction of about 0.01 to about 1.0.

Polyester containers as defined in the claims, made in accordance with this aspect of the present invention have improved transparency with turbidity values ​​of from about 0.1 to about 3%, preferably from about 0.1 to about the 2%.

The talcum powder is added to the polyesters during the production process to produce polyester polyesters and containers that have a reduced coefficient of friction and improved transparency.

The talcum and the talcum can be added to the polyester during the polymerization process or can be pre-mixed with a polyester before processing to form a concentrate. Then, the concentrate can be mixed with virgin polyester to achieve the desired talc or binding talc concentration. Mixtures of dry talcum and binding talcum (binding talc made with dry or uncooked talcum powder) are affected of the present invention.

The polyesters of the present invention, as defined in the claims, can be prepared using processes well known to those skilled in the art. Suitable polyesters can be produced in a conventional manner by reacting a dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 40 carbon atoms with polyhydric alcohols, such as glycols or diols containing from 2 to about 20 carbon atoms. The processes for producing polyesters, including process conditions, catalysts, sequestering agents, inactivating agents and additives, are well known to those skilled in the art. Production procedures for polyester materials and combinations of polyester with other polymeric materials are provided in WR Sorenson and TW Campbell "Preparative Methods of Polymer Chemistry", (Merscience Publishers, New York 1968, and later editions) and in the "Encyclopedia of Polymer Science, and Engineering, 2nd Ed., "HF Mark et al. (John Wiley & Sons, New York 1985), and particularly volume 12, pages 1-290 (generally polyesters) and especially pages 259-274 for resin manufacturing processes.

The dicarboxylic acid for the production of polyester is an alkyl dicarboxylic acid having from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, or an aryl acid substituted with aryl or dicarboxylic alkyl containing from 8 to 16 carbon atoms. Additionally, instead of the dicarboxylic acid, an alkyl carboxylic acid diester having 4 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkyl substituted aryl dicarboxylic acid diester having 10 to 20 carbon atoms may be used. Polyhydric glycols or diols containing from 2 to 8 carbon atoms, more preferably ethylene glycol, are preferred. Glycol or diol ethers having 4 to 12 carbon atoms can be substituted with glycol or diol.

Terephthalate polyesters are prepared from dimethyl terephthalate or terephthalic acid with ethylene glycol or from dimethyl terephthalate or terephthalic acid with 1,4-cyclohexane diol. Suitable dicarboxylic acids include terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid, malonic acid, succinic, glutaric, adipic, suberic, sebacic, maleic and fumaric acid, all of which are well-known dicarboxylic acids, or mixtures thereof, such that it is produced. to copolyester. Suitable glycols, in addition to ethylene glycol and 1,4-cyclohexane diol, include propylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, glycerol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, pentaerythritol, neopentyl glycol, glycols and similar diols, and mixtures thereof. These compounds and the methods for preparing polyesters and copolyesters using the compounds are well known in the art.

Conventional production of polyethylene terephthalate (and other polyesters, such as other mixed terephthalate, isophthalate and polyesters of terephthalate-isophthalate) comprising reacting terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at a temperature of approximately 200 ° C to approximately 250 ° C to form monomers and water (or methanol). Because the reaction is reversible, water (or methanol) is constantly removed to drive the reaction towards the production of the monomer. Next, the monomer undergoes a polycondensation reaction to form the polymer. During the reaction of terephthalic acid or dimethyl terephthalate and ethylene glycol, it is not necessary to keep in mind a catalyst although it can be advantageous to increase the speed of the reaction. Generally, during the polycondensation reaction, the use of a catalyst is preferred, for example, antimony compounds or other catalyst known to those skilled in the art. In the preparation of bottle preforms and plastic bottles from preforms, it is desirable to produce the cleanest and clearest polyester. Generally, when less additives are used, the lighter the polymer produced will be. On the contrary, it is sometimes desirable to make a plastic bottle with color, which means that the preform of the bottle can also be colored. Accordingly, various pigments, dyes, fillers and other substances known to those skilled in the art can be added to the polymer, generally during or near the end of the polycondensation reaction. The specific additives used and the point of introduction during the reaction are known in the art and are not part of the present invention. Any conventional system can be used and those skilled in the art can take and select from the various systems for the introduction of additives to select the best one for the desired result.

The polyester bottles of the present invention, as defined in the claims, can be manufactured using well known methods for producing containers from polyesters. Such procedures include blow molding and blow extrusion molding. Preferably, said containers are bottles made using a conventional blow molding process well known to those skilled in the art.

In another aspect, the present invention describes anti-blocking agents useful in the production of polyester and talc-shaped polyester bottles that has been dried to contain from about 20 to about 300 ppm of water. The talc can be treated by any conventional method to remove water, but preferably dried in a conventional oven. The talc is added to the polyester during the production process to produce polyester polyesters and containers having a reduced coefficient of friction and acceptable transparency.

In a further aspect, the present invention describes anti-blocking agents useful in the production of polyester and polyester bottles in the form of dry talc that has been treated with fatty acids to produce a binding talc.

Polyesters useful in the present invention are well known in the art and are generally formed from repetitive units comprising terephthalic acid, dimethyl terephthalate, isophthalic acid, dimethyl isophthalate, dimethyl-2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylate, 2.6 acid -naphthalenedicarboxylic, ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, 1,4-butanediol and mixtures thereof.

The polyester dicarboxylic acid component may optionally be modified with up to about 15 mole percent of one or more different dicarboxylic acids. Such additional dicarboxylic acids include aromatic dicarboxylic acids preferably having from 8 to 14 carbon atoms, aliphatic dicarboxylic acids preferably having from 4 to 12 carbon atoms, or cycloaliphatic dicarboxylic acids preferably having from 8 to 12 carbon atoms. Examples of dicarboxylic acids to be included with terephthalic acid are: italic acid, isophthalic acid, naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid, cyclohexanediacetic acid, diphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid, succinic acid, glutaric acid, adipic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, and mixtures thereof and the like.

In addition, the glycol component may optionally be modified with up to about 15 mole percent, of one or more diols other than ethylene glycol. Such additional diols include cycloaliphatic diols preferably having from 6 to 20 carbon atoms or aliphatic diols preferably having 3 to 20 carbon atoms. Examples of such diols include: diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol, propane 1,3-diol, butane-1,4-diol, pentane-1,5-diol, hexane-1,6-diol, 3-methylpentanediol- (2, 4), 2-methylpentanediol- (1,4), 2,2,4-trimethylpentanediol- (1,3), 2-ethylhexanediol- (1,3), 2-ethylhexanediol- (1,3), 2,2 -diethylpropanediol- (1, 3), hexanediol- (1,3), 1,4-di- (hydroxyethoxy) -benzene, 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxycyclohexyl) -propane, 2,4-dihydroxy-1 , 1,3, 3-tetramethyl-cyclobutane, 2,2bis- (3-hydroxyethoxyphenyl) -propane, 2,2-bis- (4-hydroxypropoxyphenyl) -propane, mixtures thereof and the like. Polyesters can be prepared from two or more of the above diols.

Preferred polyesters of the present invention are poly (ethylene terephthalate) ("PET"), poly (ethylene naphthalate) ("PEN"), poly (ethylene isophthalate) ("PIT") and poly (ethylene butylene terephthalate) PET being the most preferred, most preferably, poly (ethylene terephthalate) ("PET").

Polyester can also contain small amounts of trifunctional or tetrafunctional comonomers, such as trimellitic anhydride, trimethylpropane, pyromellitic dianhydride, pentaerythritol, and other polyester-forming polyols or polyacids that are generally known in the art.

Also, although not required, other additives normally used in polyesters can be added to the polyester. Such additives include, but are not limited to, dyes, toners, pigments, carbon black, glass fibers, fillers, impact modifiers, antioxidants, stabilizers, flame retardants, reheat adjuvants, acetaldehyde reducing compounds, oxygen scavengers, adjuvants Barrier improvers and the like .

This invention can be further illustrated by the following examples of preferred accordingly thereof.

Comparative Examples 1 to 51

The anti-blocking agents Ba2SO4, talc and SiO2 were added to PET CB-12 (CB-12 is a copolyester of terephthalic acid, isophthalic acid and ethylene glycol commercially available from Eastman Chemical Company as ESTAPAK® CSC Resin) at concentrations of 0.0125 at 0.10% by weight, with particle sizes ranging from 20 nanometers to 7 micrometers. The "undried" anti-blocking agents were incorporated into the PET in the form of concentrates

made by two procedures: (1) melt mixing in a double screw extruder in a concentrate of 1.0% by weight ("SC / UB") and (2) in situ in the preparation of PET to make a concentrate of 1.0% by weight ("NMC / MB"). Both procedures were evaluated in PET bottles by injection molding granules / granule mixtures in an eight-cavity Husky injection molding machine to prepare 5 2-liter preforms. The resulting preforms were stretched on a SmEL 2/3 blow-stretch molding machine in 2-liter bottles. The bottles were analyzed to check their level of fogging (sidewall fogging was measured using ASTM D-1003) and to check their friction coefficient by mounting two perpendicular bottles and in contact with each other, flipping a bottle and measuring the torque of torque required to flip the second bottle. The coefficient of friction was calculated as! = (Torque / R) / F2, where 10 Torque is the output of the torque sensor, R is the radius of the bottle, and F2 is the actual load or force experienced by the Bottles at your contact points. The results are shown in Tables 1, 2 and 3 and in Figures 1 to 8. Figures 1 to 6 are graphs comparing the fogging, COF, charges and particle sizes of the samples. Referring to the Tables and Figures, a comparison of the data shows that polyester polyesters and bottles have a coefficient of friction.

fifteen Reduced and acceptable transparency.

Figure 7 shows that the resulting COFs are very similar for a given anti-lock load. The comparison of the fogging of the sidewall of the bottles is shown in Figure 8. The results show that the containers prepared using the talc have a slightly greater transparency in

twenty comparison with containers that were prepared using SiO2 and Ba2SO4.

Table 1 Friction coefficient for PET / Talc COF bottle blends

Ex. Comp. % Size Procedure in Dev. Fogging

Med polymer.

No. prep. particle (!) weight Est. wall

<dl><dt>1 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 0.2 0.0125 0.633 0.063 1.</dd></dl>

<dl><dt>2 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 0.2 0.025 0.477 0.042 3.22 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>3 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 0.2 0.05 0.415 0.059 7.01 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>4 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 0.2 0.1 0.372 0.029 12.54 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>5 </dt><dd> CB- 12 SC./MB 7 0.0125 0.827 0.074 1.84 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>6. </dt><dd> CB-12 SC. MB 7 0.025 0.425 0.029 4.08 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>7 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 7 0.05 0.411 0.068 7.25 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>8 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC./MB 7 0.1 0.360 0.036 13.96 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>9 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 7 0.0125 0.953 0.200 2.71 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>10 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 7 0.025 0.575 0.018 4.58 &lt;</dd></dl>

<dl><dt>11 </dt><dd>&gt; CB-12 MBC / MB 7 0.05 0.516 0.070 8.43 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>12 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 7 0.1 0.485 0.053 14.22 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>5 </dt><dd /></dl>

<dl><dt> Table 2 </dt><dd /></dl>

<dl><dt> Friction Coefficient for PETBaSO4 Mixtures </dt><dd /></dl>

<dl><dt> Ex. Comp. No. </dt><dd> Polymer Prep procedure Particle size (!) % By weight of BaSO4 COF (Med. Of 4 sets) % of fogging (Measured) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>13 </dt><dd> CB-12 - 0 1,443 1.07 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>14 </dt><dd> CB-12 / PP PET SC / MB - 0 1,617 0.7 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>15 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB &lt;1 0.0125 1,136 4.53 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>16 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB &lt;1 0.025 0.649 8.85 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>17 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB &lt;1 0.05 0.397 14.5 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>18 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB &lt;1 0.1 0.345 33.35 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>19 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 3 0.0125 0.731 2.8 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>20 </dt><dd>&gt; CB-12 SC / MB 3 0.025 0.413 5.83 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>21 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 3 0.05 0.270 9.16 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>22 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 3 0.1 0.247 14.54 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>23 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 1 0.0125 0.996 4.22 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>24 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 1 0.025 0.467 9.76 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>25 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 1 0.05 0.328 16.12 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>26 </dt><dd> CB-12 SC / MB 1 0.1 0.320 30.56 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>27 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB &lt;1 0.0125 1,076 3.67 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>28 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB &lt;1 0.025 0.840 7.95 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>29 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB &lt;1 0.05 0.355 14.64 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>30 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB &lt;1 0.1 0.282 25.08 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>31 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 3 0.0125 0.714 4.17 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>32 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBCh4B 3 0.025 0.294 6.89 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>33 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 3 0.05 0.224 12.57 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>34 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 3 0.1 0.189 24.08</dd></dl>

<dl><dt>35 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 1 0.0125 0.973 4.89 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>36 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 1 0.025 0.479 9.42 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>37 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 1 0.05 0.282 14.05 </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>38 </dt><dd> CB-12 MBC / MB 1 0.1 0.268 25.06 &lt;</dd></dl>

&gt; Table 3 Friction coefficient for PET / SiO2 COF bottle blends

Size of

Example Procedure% by weight Desv. % of fogging

Med particle polymer.

Comp. of prep. of SiO2 Est. (ASTM D-1003)

SiO2 (!)

39 CB-121 none -0 1,443 0.061 1.07 40 CB-12 SC / MB 0.02 0.0125 1,536 0.191 1.34 41 CB-12 SC / MB 0.02 0.025 1,348 0.145 1.55 42 CB-12 SC / MB 0.02 0.05 1,090 0.092 2.15 43 CB-12 SC / MB 0.02 0.1 0.932 0.143 5.94 44 CB-12 SC / MB 5 0.0125 0.760 0.260 5.28 45 CB- 12 SC / MB 5 0.025 0.362 0.079 9.95 46 CB-12 SC / MB 5 0.05 0.324 0.058 20.31 47 CB-12 SC / MB 5 0.1 0.278 0.022 33.53 48 CB-12 MBC / MB 5 0.0125 0.674 0.088 4.3 49 CB-12 MBC / MB 5 0.025 0.317 0.080 8.34 50 CB-12 MBC / MB 5 0.05 0.293 0.057 12.3 51 CB-12 MBC / MB 5 0.1 0.278 0.023 20.72

Examples 52 to 63 (according to the invention or comparative)

5 Polar talc 9107 (7 micrometers) was dried at approximately 250 ppm of humidity and then added to a PET reaction mixture at a 1.0% by weight load. The resulting concentrate was used to prepare mixtures as described in Example 1. The resulting COF and fogging (measured using ASTM D-1003) in the bottles and the side walls of the bottles, respectively, were determined. The coefficient of friction was measured by mounting two perpendicular bottles and in contact with each other, flipping a bottle and measuring

10 the torque required to spin the second bottle. The coefficient of friction was calculated as! = (Torque / R) / F2, where the Torque is the output of the torque sensor, R is the radius of the bottle, and F2 is the actual load or force experienced by the bottles at your contact points. The results are shown in Table 4 (The COF is an average of 4 tests and the% of fogging is an average of 3 tests). When compared with bottles prepared with talc "without drying" (Examples 61, 62 and 63),

fifteen Results shown graphically in Figure 9 show that a significant improvement in the COF of the sidewall of bottles with similar loads is obtained when the "dry" talc is used. Figure 10 shows that a significant improvement in the% of fogging with similar loads is obtained when using the "dry" talc.

Table 4

Example% by weight of talc Dry talc or dry COF% of fogging 52 0 Control Sample 1.28 1.04 53 0.01 Dry 0.35 2.23 54 0.015 Dry 0.25 3.55 55 0.02 Dry 0.26 3.23

Comp. 56 0.025 Dry 0.22 4.73

Comp. 57 0.03 Dry 0.22 4.95 58 0 (repeat) Control Sample 1.19 0.96 59 0.01 (repeat) Dry 0.27 2.21 60 0 Control Sample 1,443 1,070

Comp. 61 0.0125 Without drying 0.827 1.62 Comp. 62 0.025 Without drying 0.425 3.22 Comp. 63 0.05 Without drying 0.411 7.01