Generic access to the iu interface

p00001Generic access to the Iu interface.

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

p00003The field of the invention relates in general to telecommunications. More specifically, the invention relates to a mechanism for extending unlicensed mobile access (UMA) or generic network access (GAN) to interoperate with the core of a GSM network using the Iu interface of the universal mobile telecommunications system ( UMTS).

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

p00005Wireless licensing systems offer mobile wireless communications to users who use wireless transceivers. Wireless licensing systems refer to public cell phone systems and / or telephone systems for personal communication services (PCS). Wireless transceivers include mobile phones, PCS phones, PDAs with wireless capability, wireless modems and the like.

p00006Wireless license systems use wireless signal frequencies whose license is obtained from the respective governments. The amount of fees paid for access to these frequencies is very high. To support communications in frequency systems subject to licensing, expensive base station equipment (BS) is used hereinafter. Such base stations are installed about one mile away from each other (for example, mobile masts in a mobile network). The wireless transport mechanisms and frequencies employed by common wireless license systems limit data transfer rates and range. As a result, the quality of service (voice quality and data transfer speed) in wireless license systems is considerably lower than the quality of service offered by landline (wired) telephony over landline connections. Therefore the user of a wireless license system pays relatively high fees for a service of relatively low quality.

p00007Landline (cable) connections are deployed on a large scale and, in general, perform at a lower cost, offering superior voice quality and faster data services. The problem with landline connections is that they limit user mobility. Traditionally, a physical connection to landline telephony is necessary for such a service.

p00008In recent years, the use of unlicensed wireless communication systems to facilitate mobile access to terrestrial networks has experienced rapid growth. For example, such unlicensed wireless systems can support wireless communication based on the IEEE 802.11a, bog (WiFi) standards, or the Bluetooth ™ standard. The range of mobility associated with these systems is typically of the order of 100 meters or less. A typical unlicensed wireless communication system is usually formed by a base station comprising a wireless access point (WAP) with a physical connection (for example by coaxial cable, twisted pair, or fiber optic cable) to a terrestrial network fixed. The AP has a radio frequency transceiver to facilitate communication with a cordless telephone that operates within a moderate distance of the AP, where data transport rates

p00009™

p00010Supported by WiFi and Bluetooth standards are far superior to those supported by the aforementioned licensed wireless systems. Therefore, this option offers higher quality services at a lower cost, but services can only be offered within a moderate distance from the base station.

p00011Currently, the technology is being developed to integrate the use of wireless systems with and without a license without interference, which allows the user to access a wireless system without a license through a single phone when it is within the range of This system, while access to a wireless system subject to license takes place when it is out of reach of the wireless system without a license.

p00012The ETSI TS 143 318 v6.6.0 standard, as well as patent application W02005 / 114920 disclose the use of a packet transport channel, PTC, for all user data flows when using a generic access communications system together with a radio access network license. Said channel maintains a deactivation timer for all data streams.

CHARACTERISTICS OF THE INVENTION

p00014The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached independent claims 1 and 13.

p00015Some embodiments provide a method of registering a user equipment (UE) in a communication system that includes a licensed wireless communication system and a generic access network (GAN) that has a generic access network controller (GANC) . According to the method, a registration request message from the UE is sent to the GANC indicating a GAN mode capability of A / Gb only for the UE. When the GANC has a GAN mode capacity of A / Gb, the GANC registers the UE in the GAN network. When the GANC is capable in GAN mode only of Iu, the GANC rejects the registration request message; When the GANC has GAN capability in both A / Gb and Iu mode, the GANC registers the user equipment based on a set of GANC mode selection rules that the GANC applies to register the user equipment in the GAN.

p00016Some embodiments provide a method for activating a packet transport channel (PTC) (UE) in a communication system that includes a license wireless communication system and a generic access network (GAN) that has a network controller. generic access (GANC). The GANC is communicatively associated with the first communications system through a land access network (UTRAN) Iu interface of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). According to the method, a PTC activation request GA-PSR message is sent from the GANC to a user team (UE). The message contains an endpoint terminal identifier (TEID) that the GANC assigns to the UE.

p00017Some embodiments provide a communications system that includes a first wireless license system, a second generic access network (GAN) that includes a generic access network controller (GANC). The GANC is communicatively associated with the first communications system through a land access network Iu (UTRAN) interface of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). The communication system also includes a user equipment (UE). The GANC includes a UDP protocol layer and a GTP-U protocol layer over the UDP protocol layer of the GANC. The UE includes a UDP protocol layer and a GTP-U protocol layer on said UDP protocol layer of the UE. The UDP protocol layer of the GANC is communicatively associated with the UDP protocol layer of the UE. The GTP-U protocol layer of the GANC is communicatively associated with the GTP-U protocol layer of the UE.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

p00019The novel features of the present invention are set forth in the appended claims. However, and for explanatory purposes, several embodiments of the invention are set forth in the following figures.

p00020Figure 1 illustrates an integrated communication system (ICS) of some embodiments.

p00021Figure 2 illustrates several applications of an ICS in some embodiments.

p00022Figure 3 illustrates the general GAN ​​general functional architecture in A / Gb mode of some embodiments.

p00023Figure 4 illustrates the general functional architecture GAN in Iu mode in some embodiments.

p00024Figure 5 illustrates the basic elements of a Fem-to-cell system architecture with lu interfaces based on asynchronous transfer mode in the direction of the network core in some embodiments.

p00025Figure 6 illustrates the basic elements of a Fem-to-cell system architecture with IP-based lu interfaces in the direction of the network core in some embodiments.

p00026Figure 7 illustrates the switched circuit domain control plane architecture in some embodiments.

p00027Figure 8 illustrates the switched circuit domain control plane architecture in some embodiments.

p00028Fig. 9 illustrates the switched circuit domain control plane architecture in some embodiments.

p00029Figure 10 illustrates the switched circuit domain control plane architecture of the user equipment in some embodiments.

p00030Figure 11 illustrates the protocol architecture of the user plane in the switched circuit domain in some embodiments.

p00031Figure 12 illustrates the protocol architecture of the user plane in the switched circuit domain in some embodiments.

p00032Figure 13 illustrates the switched-plane domain user plane architecture of the user equipment in some embodiments.

p00033Figure 14 illustrates the domain control plane architecture of switched packets in some embodiments.

p00034Figure 15 illustrates the domain control plane architecture of switched packets in some embodiments.

p00035Figure 16 illustrates the switched circuit domain control plane architecture of the user equipment in some embodiments.

p00036Figure 17 illustrates the protocol architecture of the user plane in the domain of switched packets in some embodiments.

p00037Figure 18 illustrates the protocol architecture of the user plane in the domain of switched packets in some embodiments.

p00038Figure 19 illustrates the protocol architecture of the user plane in the domain of switched packets in some embodiments.

p00039Figure 20 illustrates the switched packet domain user plane architecture of the user equipment in Some realizations. Figure 21 illustrates a state diagram for the generic access in the UE of some embodiments. Figure 22 illustrates GAN security mechanisms of some embodiments. Figure 23 illustrates procedures for discovering some embodiments. Figure 24 illustrates procedures for registering some embodiments. Figure 25 illustrates the cancellation of registration initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 26 illustrates the cancellation of registration initiated by the GANC in some embodiments. Figure 27 illustrates the update update uplink of some embodiments. Figure 28 illustrates the downlink registration update of some embodiments. Figure 29 illustrates active maintenance procedures of some embodiments. Figure 30 illustrates Cell Transmission Information in some embodiments. Figure 31 illustrates the GA-CSR connection establishment of some embodiments. Figure 32 illustrates the GA-CSR connection release of some embodiments. Figure 33 illustrates the Security mode control in some embodiments. Figure 34 illustrates the NAS signals from the network core to the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 35 illustrates the NAS signals from the network core to the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 36 illustrates a mobile circuit switched call originated in some embodiments. Figure 37 illustrates a mobile circuit switched call originated in some embodiments. Figure 38 illustrates a switched circuit call terminated in mobile in some embodiments. Figure 39 illustrates a switched circuit call initiated in user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 40 illustrates the switching circuit delivery (CS) of GERAN to GAN in some embodiments. Figure 41 illustrates an alternative procedure performed during the UTRAN to GAN phase in some embodiments. Figure 42 illustrates the switched circuit delivery from UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. Figure 43 illustrates an alternative procedure performed during the UTRAN to GAN phase in some embodiments. Figure 44 illustrates the switched circuit delivery from GAN to GERAN in some embodiments. Figure 45 illustrates the switched circuit delivery from GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. Figure 46 illustrates the GA-CSR connection establishment of some embodiments. Figure 47 illustrates the GA-CSR connection release in some embodiments. Figure 48 illustrates the message flow for controlling the PS security mode in some embodiments. Figure 49 illustrates PS NAS signals from the network core to the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 50 illustrates the NAS signals from the user equipment to the network core in some embodiments. Figure 51 illustrates the initial PTC activation in some embodiments. Figure 52 illustrates the transfer of PTC data in some embodiments. Figure 53 illustrates the PTC deactivation initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 54 illustrates the PTC reactivation initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 55 illustrates the PTC deactivation initiated by the network in some embodiments.

p00040Figure 56 illustrates the PTC reactivation initiated by the network in some embodiments. Figure 57 illustrates the PTC deactivation implicit in some embodiments. Figure 58 illustrates the activation of PDP context in some embodiments. Figure 59 illustrates the PDP context activation requested by the network in some embodiments. Figure 60 illustrates the preparation phase of relocation UTRAN to GAN SRNS in some embodiments. Figure 61 illustrates the relocation execution phase of UTRAN to GAN SRNS in some embodiments. Figure 62 illustrates the preparation phase of relocation of GAN to UTRAN SRNS in some embodiments. Figure 63 illustrates the relocation execution phase of GAN to UTRAN SRNS in some embodiments. Figure 64 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the circuit switched domain control plane in some

p00041realizations

p00042Figure 65 illustrates the architecture protocol of the GAN supporting the circuit domain user control plane

p00043switched (CS) in some embodiments.

p00044Figure 66 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the PS domain control plane in some embodiments.

p00045Figure 67 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the PS domain user plane in some embodiments.

p00046Figure 68 illustrates the GA-RC sublayer in the user's equipment in some embodiments.

p00047Figure 69 illustrates the successful (and unsuccessful) establishment of the GA-RRC connection when initiated by the team

p00048user in some embodiments.

p00049Figure 70 illustrates the successful establishment of the GA-RRC connection when initiated by the network in some realizations Figure 71 shows the release of the GA-RRC logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC in some

p00050realizations Figure 72 illustrates the message flow for security mode control in some embodiments. Figure 73 illustrates the NAS signals from the network core to the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 74 illustrates the NAS signals from the user equipment to the network core in some embodiments. Figure 75 illustrates a mobile circuit switched call procedure in some embodiments. Figure 76 illustrates an alternative procedure performed during a call originated in mobile circuit

p00051switched in some embodiments. Fig. 77 illustrates a procedure for terminating a mobile circuit switched call in some embodiments. Figure 78 illustrates the call removal initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. Figure 79 illustrates the procedure of switching on a switched circuit from GERAN to GAN in some embodiments. Figure 80 illustrates an alternative method of switching circuit delivery performed from GERAN to GAN in

p00052Some realizations. Figure 81 illustrates the UTRAN to GAN switched circuit delivery procedure in some embodiments. Figure 82 illustrates an alternative switched circuit delivery procedure performed from the UTRAN to the GAN

p00053using the RRC protocol in some embodiments. Figure 83 illustrates the procedure of switching on a switched circuit from GAN to GERAN in some embodiments. Figure 84 illustrates the procedure of switching on a switched circuit from GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. Figure 85 illustrates the initial procedure of activating the packet transport channel of some embodiments. Figure 86 illustrates the transfer of GPRS user data packets through the transport channel of

p00054GAN packages in some embodiments. Figure 87 illustrates the scenario when the user equipment deactivates the packet transport channel after

p00055that the PTC timer reaches the end in some embodiments.

p00056Figure 88 illustrates the scenario when the user equipment initiates the reactivation of the packet transport channel in some embodiments.

p00057Figure 89 illustrates the scenario when the network starts deactivating the packet transport channel in some embodiments.

p00058Figure 90 illustrates the scenario when the network initiates the reactivation of the packet transport channel in some embodiments.

p00059Figure 91 illustrates the PDP context activation procedure successfully initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments.

p00060Figure 92 illustrates the PDP context activation request procedure successfully initiated by the network in some embodiments.

p00061Figure 93 illustrates the PDP context activation request procedure successfully initiated by the user's equipment in some embodiments.

p00062Figure 94 illustrates an SRTR relocation procedure from UTRAN to GAN for a user equipment that is in the PMM state connected in some embodiments.

p00063Figure 95 conceptually illustrates a hardware system in which some embodiments of the present invention are shown implemented.

p00064Figure 96 illustrates the PTC implicit deactivation procedure in some embodiments.

p00065DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION.

p00066In the following detailed description of the invention, numerous details, examples and embodiments of the invention are set forth and described. However, it will be clear and easily recognizable to one skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the set of embodiments that follow and that the invention can be implemented without some of the specific details and examples set forth. The scope of the present invention is defined by the attached independent claims 1 and 13.

p00067Acronyms commonly used in the telecommunications industry are used throughout the following description to refer to wireless services, together with specific acronyms of the invention. A table of acronyms used in this application is included in Section IX.

p00068Some embodiments provide a method of registering a user equipment (UE) in a communication system that includes a licensed wireless communication system and a generic access network (GAN) that has a generic access network controller (GANC) . According to the method, a UE registration request message is sent to the GANC indicating a GAN mode capability of A / Gb only for the user equipment. When the GANC has a GAN mode capacity of A / Gb, the GANC registers the UE in the GAN network. When the GANC has a GAN mode capability only, the GANC rejects the registration request message. When the GANC has GAN capability in both A / Gb mode and lu, the GANC registers the UE based on a set of GANC mode selection rules that the GANC applies to register user equipment in the GAN.

p00069Some embodiments provide a method for activating a packet transport channel (PTC) in a communication system that includes a wireless license communication system and a generic access network (GAN) that has a generic access network controller ( GANC). The GANC is communicatively associated with the first communications system through a land access network Iu (UTRAN) interface of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). According to the method, a GA-PSR message requesting PTC activation of the GANC is sent to a user equipment (UE). The message contains an endpoint terminal identifier (TEID) that the GANC assigns to the user equipment.

p00070Some embodiments provide a communications system that includes a first wireless license system, a second generic access network (GAN) that includes a generic access network controller (GANC). The GANC is communicatively associated with the first communications system through a land access network Iu (UTRAN) interface of a universal mobile telecommunications system (UMTS). The communication system also includes a user equipment (UE). The GANC includes a UDP protocol layer and a GTP-U protocol layer over the UDP protocol layer of the GANC. The UE includes a UDP protocol layer and a GTP-U protocol layer on said UDP protocol layer of the UE. The UDP protocol layer of the GANC is communicatively associated with the UDP protocol layer of the UE. The GTP-U protocol layer of the GANC is communicatively associated with the GTP-U protocol layer of the UE.

p00071Several more detailed embodiments of the invention are described in sections below. Specifically, section I describes the general integrated communication system in which some embodiments are integrated. The exposition in section I is followed by an exposition of the functional entities of some personifications in Section ii. Then, section III describes the control plane and user plane architecture of some embodiments. Section IV then describes the security mechanism of the generic access network (GAN) of some embodiments.

p00072Then, section V describes higher level procedures such as discovery, registration, authentication, delivery, etc. of some embodiments. Section VI below describes the configuration information of some embodiments. Then, the identifiers used in GAN are presented in section VII. An alternative embodiment that uses the same protocol for both voice and data services is set forth in section VIII. The exposition is followed by section IX describing a hardware system with which some embodiments of the invention are applied. Finally, Section X shows a list of the abbreviations used.

I. GENERAL SYSTEM

p00073A. Integrated communications systems (ICS)

p00074Figure 1 illustrates an integrated communications system (ICS) architecture 100 in accordance with some embodiments of the present invention. The ICS 100 architecture allows the user equipment (UE) 102 to access a voice and data network 165 through a wireless license interface 106 or an ICS 110 interface through which the components of a network core are accessed mobile 165 alternately. In some embodiments, a communication session includes voice services, data services or both.

p00075The mobile network core 165 includes one or more local location records (MLRs) 150 and databases 145 for subscriber authentication and authorization. Once authorized, the UE 102 can access the voice and data services of the mobile network core 165. To provide such services, the mobile network core 165 includes a central mobile switching center (MSC) 160 to provide access to voice services. Data services are provided by a node that provides GPRS (General Radio Package Service) (SGSN) 155 support along with a gateway as GPRS gateway support node (GGSN) 157.

p00076The SGSN 155 is normally responsible for delivering data packages to and from the GGSN 157 and to the user equipment within the geographical service area of ​​the SGSN 155. Additionally, the SGSN 155 can perform functions such as mobility management, user profile storage and storage of location information. However, the true interface of the network core 165 in order to provide several external data packet services (eg, public internet) is provided by the GGSN 157. As the data packets that originate from the user equipment normally They are not structured in the format with which to access external data networks, the role of the GGSN 157 is to act as a gateway in such packet service networks. In this way, GGSN 157 provides addressing for data packets that pass to and from user equipment 102 and through external packet service networks (not shown). In addition, as the user equipment crosses multiple service areas of licensed wireless networks and therefore multiple SGSNs, the role of the GGSN 157 is to provide a constant gateway to external data networks.

p00077In the embodiment shown in the figures, the typical components of a UMTS radio land access network (UTRAN hereafter) 165 are shown, which includes multiple base stations referred to as BS 160 nodes (of those shown only for simplicity reasons), which provide wireless communication services to user equipment 102 via the respective radio links 106 (for example, radio links that use radio frequencies within a bandwidth subject to license). However, an expert in this field will realize that, in some embodiments, the wireless license network may include other wireless license networks such as the GSM / EDGE Radio Access Network (GERAN). An example of a system that uses interfaces A and Gb to access GERAN is shown in Figure 3 below.

p00078The wireless license channel 106 may encompass any wireless license service having a defined UTRAN or GERAN interface protocol (for example, the lu-Cs and lu-Ps interfaces for UTRAN or A and Gb interfaces for GERAN) for a network of voice / data The UTRAN 185 typically includes at least one node B 180 and a wireless network controller (RNC) 175 to handle the set of BS 160 nodes. Normally, multiple B 180 nodes are configured in a cellular configuration (one for each cell) that covers a wide service area.

p00079Each RNC 175 communicates with network core components 165 via a standard wireless network controller interface, such as the Iu-Cs and lu-PS interfaces shown in Figure 1. For example, an RNC 175 communicates with the MSC 160 through the UTRAN Iu-Cs interface for switched circuit voice services. Additionally, RNC 175 communicates with an SGSN 155 through the UTRAN Iu-Ps interface for packet data services through GGSN 157. In addition, the person skilled in the art will note that, in some embodiments, other networks with other standard interfaces may also be used. For example, the RNC 175 in a GERAN network is replaced by a base station controller (BSC) that offers voice services to the MSC 160 through an A interface and the BSC communicates the data to the SGSN through a Gb interface the GERAN network.

p00080In some embodiments of the ICS architecture, the user equipment 102 uses the services of the mobile network core (CN) 165 through a second communication network provided by the access interface ICS 110 and a generic access network controller ( GANC) 120 (also called universal network controller or UNC).

p00081In some embodiments, voice and data services via the access interface ICS 110 are provided through an access point 114 communicatively associated with a broadband IP network 116. In some embodiments, the access point 114 is a point Generic wireless access that connects user equipment 102 to the ICS network via a license-free wireless network 118 generated by access point 114.

p00082The signals of the user equipment 102 pass through the access interface ICS 110 to the GANC 120. After the GANC 120 performs authentication and authorization of the subscriber, the GANC 120 communicates with the components of the mobile network core 165 using a wireless network controller interface that is the same or similar to the wireless network controller interface UTRAN described above and includes a UTRAN lu-Cs interface for switched circuit voice services and a UTRAN lu-Ps interface for data packet services (eg GPRS). In this way, the GANC 120 uses the same or a similar interface for the mobile network core as the subsystem of the UTRAN wireless network (for example, node BS 180 and RNC 175).

p00083In some embodiments, the GANC 120 communicates with other system components of the ICS system via one or more interfaces, which are (1) & quot; Up & quot ;, (2) & quot; Wm & quot ;, (3) & quot; D '/ Gr '& quot ;, (4) & quot; Gn' & quot ;, and (5) & quot; Sl ". The interface "Up" It is the interface between user equipment 102 and GANC 120. The "wm" interface is a standardized interface between the GANC 120 and an authorization, authentication and information server (AAA) 170 that serves for the authentication and authorization of the user equipment 102 in the ICS. The O / Gb interface is the standard interface between the AAA 170 server and the MLR 160. Optionally, some embodiments use the "Gb" interface which is a modified interface for direct communications with the data services gateways (eg, GGSN) of the licensed network core. Some embodiments optionally include the S1 interface. In these embodiments, the interface "Sl" provides an authorization and authentication interface of the GANC 120 on the AAA server. In some embodiments, the AAA server 140 that supports the S1 interface and the AAA server 170 that supports the Wm interface may be the same. More details of the S1 interface are described in US patent application 11 / 349,025, called "Service Access Control Interface for a Wireless Communication System free of license", with registration date of February 6, 2006.

p00084In some embodiments, user equipment 102 must register with GANC 120 before accessing ICS services. Registration information for some embodiments includes the international mobile subscriber identity (IMSI), a media access control address (MAC) and a Service Set Identification (SSIO) of the access point serving, as well as the GSM cell or UTRAN cell identity within which the user equipment 102 is located. In some embodiments, the GANC 120 may pass this information to the AAA server 140 to authenticate the subscriber and determine the services (eg, voice and data) available to such subscriber. If the AAA server 140 approves the access, the GANC 120 will allow the user equipment 102 to access the voice and data services of the ICS system.

p00085These data and voice services are continuously provided by the ICS to the user equipment 102 through the different interfaces described above. In some embodiments, when the data services are requested by the user equipment 102, the ICS uses the optional Gn interface to communicate directly with a GGSN 157. The Gn interface allows the GANC 120 to avoid maximum loads and the latency status associated with communicating with the SGSN 155 through the lu-Ps interface of the UTRAN Gb network or the Gb interface of the GSM network core before reaching the GGSN 157.

p00086In some other embodiments, access point 114 is a Fem-to-cell (FAP) access point. The FAP facilitates license and short-range wireless communications sessions 118 that operate independently of the license communications session 106. In the case of the Fem-to-cell, the user equipment 102 connects to the ICS network via the wireless network license and short range 118 created by FAP 114. The FAP signals are then transmitted via the broadband IP network 116.

B. ICS system applications

p00087An ICS provides scalable and secure interfaces to the service network core of the mobile communications system. Figure 2 illustrates several applications of an ICS in some embodiments. As shown, houses, offices, joint wireless access points, hotels, and other public and private places 205 are connected to one or more network controllers 210 (such as GANC 120 shown in Figure 1) a via internet 215. The network controllers instead connect the mobile network core 220 (as the network core 165 shown in Figure 1).

p00088Figure 2 also shows several user equipment. These user equipment are just examples of user equipment that can be used for each application. Although in most of the examples only one of each type of user equipment is shown, one skilled in the art will realize that another type of user equipment can be used in these examples without departing from the teachings of the present invention. Also, although only one type of access point, user equipment, or network controllers is shown, many access points, user equipment or network controllers can be used in Figure 2. For example, a point of Access can be connected to several user computers, a network controller can be connected to several points of access and several network controllers can be connected to the network core. The following sections provide several examples of services that can be provided by an ICS.

1.WiFi

p00089A WiFi access point 230 allows a dual-mode cellular / WiFi 260-265 user equipment to receive high-performance and low-cost mobile services when within the reach of a home, office or public Wi-Fi network. With dual-mode user equipment, subscribers can roam and deliver on wireless license and WiFi access communications systems and thus receive a consistent set of services as if they made transitions between networks.

2.Fem-to-cells

p00090A Fem-to-cell system allows the user equipment, such as standard 270 mobile phones and computers with 275 wireless capabilities, such as those shown, to receive low-cost services using licensed and short-range wireless communications sessions through a FAP 235.

p000913 terminal adapters

p00092The terminal adapters 240 allow the incorporation of fixed terminal devices such as 245 telephones, 250 teletypes and other equipment without wireless capabilities within the ICS. As regards the service provided to the subscriber, the service behaves like a standard landline. The service is provided in a manner similar to other VoIP landline services, where a user equipment is connected to the subscriber's existing broadband service (for example, internet).

4.WiMAX

p00093Some operators of licensed wireless communications systems are investigating the deployment of WiMAX networks in parallel to their existing cellular networks. A dual-mode cellular-WiMAX 290 user equipment allows a subscriber to transition between a cellular network and a WiMAX network without any loss.

5.Portable

p00094Connecting 280 laptops to high-speed access in hotels and multiple-access locations WiFi has become popular, especially for international business travelers. In addition, many travelers start using their laptops and high-speed connections for voice communications. Before using mobile phones to make calls paying significant roaming charges, users use smart computers and VoIP services when making conferences.

p00095To use a smartphone service, a subscriber would place a 285 USB memory drive with a SIM integrated in the USB port of their 280 laptop. This would automatically activate a volume internet access client that would connect via IP to the mobile internet service provider. From then on, the subscriber can make and receive mobile calls as if he were in his home calling area.

p00096The following sections show several examples of integrated communications systems (ICS). A person with medium mastery of the techniques in this field will realize that the teachings in these examples can be easily combined. For example, an ICS can be an IP-based system and have an A / Gb Interface to the network core while another ICS can have a similar IP-based system with a lu interface to the network core.

C. Integrated systems with A / Gb and / or lu interfaces to the network core

p00097Figure 3 illustrates the generic access network (GAN) architecture in A / Gb mode of some embodiments. The GAN network includes one or more generic access network controllers (GANC) 310 and one or more generic IP access networks 315. One or more user equipment 305 (one shown for simplicity) can be connected to a GANC 310 via a generic IP 315 access network. The GANC 310 has the ability to appear to the network core 325 as a base station controller (BSC) of a GSM / Shore wireless access network (GERAN). The GANC 310 includes a security gateway (SEGW) 320 that terminates remote secure access tunnels of the user equipment 305, providing mutual authentication, as well as encryption and encryption integrity for signal, voice and data data traffic.

p00098The generic access IP network 315 provides connectivity between the user equipment 305 and the GANC 310. The IP transport connection extends from the GANC 310 to the user equipment 305. A single interface, the Up interface, is defined between the GANC 310 and user equipment 305.

p00099The GAN network coexists with the GERAN network and maintains the interconnections with the network core (CN) 325 through the standardized interfaces defined for GERAN. These standardized interfaces include the A interface to the mobile switching center (MSC) 330 for switched circuit services, the Gb interface for servicing the GPRS support node (SGSN) 335 for switched packet services; the Gb interface for mobile location service centers (SMLC) 350 that support location services, and an interface to the cell broadband transmission center (CBC) 355 to support cell broadband transmission services. Transaction control (eg connection management, CC, and Session management, SM) and user services are provided by the network core (for example MSCNLR and SGSN / GGSN).

p00100As shown, the SEGW 320 is connected to the AAA 340 server through the Wm interface. The AAA 340 server is used to authenticate the user equipment 305 when said equipment establishes a secure tunnel. Some embodiments require only a subset of Wm functionalities for the GAN network application. In these embodiments, at a minimum, the GANC-SEGW will support the Wm authentication procedures.

p00101Figure 4 illustrates the generic access network (GAN) architecture in Iu mode of some embodiments. The GAN network includes one or more generic access network controllers (GANC) 410 and one or more generic IP access networks

p00102415 One or more user equipment 405 (one shown for simplicity) can be connected to a GANC 410 via a generic IP access network 415. Compared to the GANC 310, the GANC 410 has the ability to appear to the network core 425 as a base station controller (BSC) of a wireless access land access network (UTRAN). In some embodiments, the GANC has the expanded ability to support both the lu and A / Gb interfaces to support both the Iu mode and the A / Gb mode of the user equipment. Similar to GANC 310, GANC 410 includes a security gateway (SEGW) 420 that terminates remote secure access tunnels of user equipment 405, providing mutual authentication, as well as encryption and encryption integrity for signal data traffic , voice and data.

p00103The generic access IP network 415 provides connectivity between the UE 405 and the GANC 410. The transport IP connection extends from the GANC 410 to the user equipment 405. A single interface, the Up interface, is defined between the GANC 410 and UE 405. Functionality is added to this interface, through the Up interface shown in Figure 3 to support the GAN service in Iu mode.

p00104The GAN network coexists with the UTRAN network and maintains the interconnections with the network core (CN) 425 through the standardized interfaces defined for UTRAN. These standardized interfaces include the Iu-CS interface to the mobile switching center (MSC) 430 for switched circuit services, the Ps interface to service the GPRS support node (SGSN) 435 for switched packet services; the Gb interface for mobile location service centers (SMLC) 450 that support location services, and an interface to the cell broadband transmission center (CBC) 455 to support cell broadband transmission services. Transaction control (for example, connection management, CC, and Session management, SM) and user services are provided by the network core (for example MSC / VLR and SGSN / GGSN).

p00105As shown, the SEGW 420 is connected to the AAA 440 server through the Wm interface. The AAA 440 server is used to authenticate the user equipment 405 when said equipment establishes a secure tunnel. Some embodiments require only a subset of Wm functionalities for the application of the Iu mode in GAN network. In these embodiments, at a minimum, the GANC-SEGW will support the Wm authentication procedures.

D. ATM and IP based architectures

p00106In some embodiments, the system uses the asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) based on Iu interfaces (lu-Cs and lu-Ps) to the network core. In some embodiments, the system architecture may also support an IP-based interface (lu-Cs and lu-Ps) towards the network core. The following sub-sections describe examples of these architectures for Fem-to-cell systems.

p00107A person with medium mastery of the techniques in this field will realize that the same examples can easily be applied to other types of ICS. For example, these examples can be used when the ICS access interface 110 (shown in Figure 1) uses unlicensed frequencies (instead of Fem-tocell licensed frequencies), access point 114 is a generic WiFi access point ( instead of a FAP), etc. Also, a person of medium skill in these techniques will realize that the same examples can be easily applied using A / Gb interfaces (described above) instead of Iu interfaces.

p00108Figure 5 illustrates the basic elements of a Fem-to-cell system architecture with lu (Iu-Cs and Iu-Ps) interfaces based on asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) in the direction of the network core in some embodiments. These elements include the user equipment (UE) 505, the FAP 510, and the generic network access controller (GANC) 515, as well as the Access Point Management System (AMS) 570.

p00109For reasons of simplicity, only one UE and one FAP are shown. However, each GANC can support multiple FAPs and each FAP can instead support multiple user equipment. As shown, the GANC 515 includes an IP Network Controller (INC) 525, a GANC (SeGw) 530 security gateway, a GANC 535 signaling gateway, a GANC (MGW) 540 media gateway, and an ATM gateway (545). The elements of the Fem-to-cell system are described in detail below.

p00110Figure 6 illustrates the basic elements of a Fem-to-cell system architecture with lu interfaces (Iu-Cs and Iu-Ps) in the direction of the network core in some embodiments. For reasons of simplicity, only one UE and one FAP are shown. However, each GANC can support multiple FAPs and each FAP can instead support multiple user equipment. This option eliminates the need for a GANC 535 signaling gateway and also the ATM gateway

p00111545 Optionally for Iu-based IP interfaces, the GANC 540 media gateway can also be deleted if the R4 MGW 605 in the network core can support the termination of voice data, that is, using RTP frames as defined in & quot; IETF RFC 3267 - Real-time transport protocol (RTP) - payload format and file storage format for multi-tasking-adaptive (AMR) and for multi-tasking-adaptive broadband audio codecs, (AMR-WB) & quot; RFC 3267 *.

p00112Also shown in Figure 5 and 6 are the components of the wireless license communication systems. These components are MSC 3G 550, SGSN 3G 555, and another network core system (shown together) 565. The MSC 3G 550 provides a lu-Cs standard interface to the GANC. Another alternative for the MSC is shown in Figure 6. As shown, the MSC 650 is separated into an MSS (MSC server) 675 for lu-Cs-based signaling and MGW 680 for the bearer segment. The MSC R4 650 is an upgrade version 4 of an MSC 3G with a different architecture, that is, MSC R4 is divided MSS for control traffic and into a MGW to handle the bearer. A similar MSC can be used for the ATM architecture of Figure 5. Both architectures shown in Figure 5 and 6 are also adaptable for use in some future versions of the MSC.

p00113The SGSN 3G 555 provides packet services (PS) through the standard Iu-Ps interface. The SGSN connects to INC. 525 to signal and to SeGW 530 to obtain PS data. The AAA 560 server communicates with the SeGW 530 and supports the EAP-AKA and EAP-SIM processes that were used in IKEv2 through the Wm interface and include a MAP interface in the direction of the HLR / AuC. In some embodiments, this system also supports enhanced service access control functions through the S1 interface.

<dl><dt>II. </dt><dd>FUNCTIONAL ENTITIES </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TO. </dt><dd>User equipment </dd></dl>

p00114User equipment 405 contains the functions that are necessary to access the Iu mode in the GAN. In some embodiments, the user equipment contains additional elements necessary for access to the A / Gb mode in the GAN network. In some embodiments, the user equipment (UE) 305 is a dual mode manual device (eg, GSM and wireless network without a license) with the ability to switch between the two modes. The user equipment can support the Bluetooth® or IEEE 802.11 protocols. In some embodiments, the user equipment supports an IP interface to the access point. In these embodiments, the GANC IP connection extends completely to the user equipment. In other embodiments, the user equipment (UE) 305 is a standard 3G device that operates over the license signal spectrum provided by the provider.

p00115In some embodiments, the user equipment includes mobile phones, smartphones, PDAs, or computers equipped with a mobile subscriber identity card (SIM) to communicate using licensed or unlicensed wireless networks. In addition, in some embodiments, the computer equipped with the SIM card communicates via a cable communications network.

p00116Alternatively and in some embodiments, the user equipment includes a fixed wireless device that provides a set of adapter functions for connecting integrated digital network (ISDN), session initiation protocols (SIP), or service services terminals. Basic telephony (POTS) to ICS. The application of the present invention to these types of devices allows the wireless service provider to offer the so-called fixed telephone replacement service to users, even for user locations not sufficiently covered by the wireless license system. In addition, some embodiments of the terminal adapters are fixed cable devices connected to integrated service digital networks, the SIP, or CONSERVE terminals to a different communication network (for example, the IP network) although alternate personifications of the terminal adapters provide equivalent radio functionality to connect over unauthorized or licensed radio networks.

B. Generic Access Network Controller (GANC)

p00117Network core 425 interacts with GANC 410 as if it were an RNC. The generic access IP network 415 provides connectivity between the GANC 410 and the user equipment 405. The GANC 410 entity interoperates between the lu interfaces and the generic access IP network, using the control plane and functionalities of the user plane. The functionality of the control plane is used for call control signaling and the functionality of the user plane is used for the transfer of information (for example, voice or data). In some embodiments, the GANC has the expanded ability to interoperate also with GERAN A / Gb interfaces.

p00118Some embodiments of the aforementioned devices, such as the user equipment, the FAP, the GANC, include electronic components, such as microprocessors and memory (not shown), which store software program instructions for executing wireless protocols for voice management and data services on a machine-readable or computer-readable medium as described below in the section called &amp; quot; Hardware System *. Examples of machine-readable media or computer-readable media include, but are not limited to magnetic media such as hard drives, memory modules, magnetic tapes, optical media such as CD-ROMs and orographic devices, magneto-optical media such as optical discs, and hardware devices that are specially configured to store and execute program code, such as application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), Programmable logic devices (PLDs) and ROM and RAM devices. Examples of computer programs or computer code include machine code, such as that produced by a compiler and files containing high-level code that are executed by a computer, an electronic component or a microprocessor that uses an interpreter.

III. USER AND CONTROL PLANE ARCHITECTURE

p00120In some personifications, the Iu interface includes support means for asynchronous transfer mode (ATM) and IP signaling, as well as user data transport mechanisms. The following sections describe the control and control plane and user architectures for switched circuit domain (CS) and switched packet domain (PS) in some embodiments.

A. Switched circuit domain (CS)

p001211. Switching circuit domain - Control plane

p00122Figure 7 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the circuit switched domain control plane in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers of user equipment 705, of the generic IP network 710, of GANC 715 and MSC 720. Figure 7 also shows the two interfaces Up 725 and Iu-Cs 730. The main features of the architecture Control plane in the GAN Cs domain are as follows. The underlying access layers 735 and the IP transport layer 740 provide the generic IP connectivity between user equipment 705 and the GANC 715. The IPSec 745 layer provides encryption and data integrity between user equipment 705 and the GANC

p00123715 The remote IP layer 750 is the "inner" layer IP for IPSec tunnel mode and is used by user equipment 705 to be addressed by GANC 715. The IP 750 remote layer is configured during IPSec connection establishment.

p00124In some embodiments, a single TCP connection is used to provide secure transport for GA-RC and GA-CSR signaling between user equipment 705 and GANC 715. The TCP connection is managed by the GA-RC and is transported using the remote IP layer Non-access layer (NAS) protocols, such as MM 760 and others, are transparently transported between user equipment 705 and MSC 720. The generic access resource control protocol (GA-RC) protocol manages the Up session, including the discovery and registration procedures in GAN. The GA-RC protocol (described in section 8.1.4 "Generic Access to the A / Gb interface; Phase 2", 3GPP T 43.318 standard) is extended to include support for selection or A / Gb mode or mode WIN Iu.

p00125The generic access resource control protocol (GA-CSR) supports the specific requirements of UMTS as well as specific requirements of GERAN. The GANC 715 terminates the GA-CSC protocol and interconnects it to the RANAP 755 protocol over the Iu-Ps 730 interface. In some embodiments, the Iu-Cs 765 signal transport layers are based on the signal transport of the Iu UTRAN interface. , standard 3GPPTS 25.412, hereinafter "3GPP T 25.412".

p00126a) Alternative CS domain architectures - Control plane

p00127The embodiment shown in Figure 7 is only an alternative to implement the switched circuit domain control plane architecture in which a user equipment 705 and a generic IP network 710 interoperate to connect a subscriber using the user equipment to the MSC 720 using the GANC 715. A person of medium skill in this area will realize that the teachings of the invention can be applied to other user equipment and other access points (such as those described in Figure 2).

p00128For example, Figure 8 illustrates the circuit switched control plane architecture in some embodiments. As shown, the GANC and the MSC in Figure 8 are similar to the GANC and MSC shown in Figure 7. In Figure 8, the local node in which the subscriber is located is represented as a black box (called node local 805). The different embodiments use different equipment to connect a subscriber located at local node 805 with the MSC 720 using the GANC 715. For example, in the embodiment shown in Figure 7, a user equipment 705 and a generic IP network 710 are used. Figure 9 illustrates another embodiment in which a user equipment 905, a Fem-to-cell (FAP) access point 910, and a generic IP network 915 are used to connect local node 805 with MSC 720 via the GANC 715.

p00129As shown, the GANC 880-885 protocol layers are communicatively associated (shown by arrows 845-850 respectively) with their corresponding layers in the generic IP network 915. Likewise, the GANC layers 855-875 are communicatively associated (shown by arrows B20-840 respectively) with their corresponding layers in FAP 910. Also the MM B90 layer and the CC / C / SM 895 layer of the MSC 720 are transparently connected (shown with arrows 810-815 respectively) to their corresponding layers in the user equipment 905. Using this technique, the FAP similarly to FAP 235 shown in Figure 2 can be used to connect a user equipment (such as 270-275) to the wireless network core 220 using a network controller 210. A person of medium skill in this area could apply the technique shown in Figures 8 and 9 to communicatively associate any user equipment, access point, terminal adapters, smartphones, etc. (as shown in Figure 2) to an integrated communications system (ICS) that uses a multi-layer control architecture of CS domain as shown in Figure 7.

p00130b) Switched circuit domain (CS) -Control plane User equipment architecture

p00131Figure 10 illustrates the user equipment architecture for the control plane of the CS domain. As shown, the architecture includes support for GERAN, UTRAN, and for both modes of GAN A / Gb and GAN Iu. The main features of the domain control plane architecture CS of user equipment C shown in Figure 10 are as follows. The interface between RR-SAP GERAN 1015 and the GSM-MM 1005 layer is retained identically for both GERAN and the GAN A / Gb access mode. Similarly, the interface between RR-SAP GERAN 1020 and the GSM-MM 1005 layer is retained identically for both UTRAN and the GAN Iu access mode. An access mode switch 1010 is provided to switch between the GERAN / UTRAN, GAN A / Gb and GAN Iu modes. GA CSR / GA-RC 1025 is directly associated with the UTRAN RRC 1030 and GERAN RRC 1035 layers to provide roaming and delivery coordination. As shown in Figure 10, GA-CSR / GA-RC 1025, UTRAN RRC 1030 and GERAN RRC 1035 communicate via a set of access service interfaces (SAPS) 1040.

2. Switching circuit domain - User plane

p00132Figure 11 illustrates the architecture protocol of the GAN by supporting the user circuit of switched circuit domain control (CS) in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers of the user equipment 1105, of the generic IP network 1110, of the GANC 1115 and the MSC 1120. Figure 11 also shows the two interfaces Up 1125 and lu-Cs 1130. The main features of the architecture User plane in the GAN Cs domain are as follows. The underlying access layers 1135 and the IP transport layer 1140 provide generic connectivity between the user equipment 1105 and the GANC 1115. The IPSec 1145 layer provides encryption and data integrity. The transport of user plane data in a switched circuit (CS) via the Up 1125 interface is the same as in the control plane for GAN A / Gb mode (that is, using the real-time protocol, RTP, according to IETF RFC 3267). The GANC 1115 interoperates with the CS domain user plane between the RTP / UDP protocol and the lu (lu-Up) user plane protocol over the Iu-Cs 1130 interface. In some embodiments, the transport Iu-Cs layers 1165 data are implemented according to the 3GPP TS 25.414 standard.

p00133A person of medium skill in this area will notice that other user equipment, access points, terminal adapter, smartphones, etc. They can be connected to the network core through a GANC. For example, Figure 12 illustrates the CS domain, the user plane protocol architecture of user equipment 1205, a Fem-to-cell (FAP) access point 1210, and a generic IP network 1215. Using the technique described in conjunction with Figures 8 and 9, a person of medium skill in this matter could replace the user equipment 1105 and the generic IP network 1110 shown in Figure 11 with the UE 1205, FAP 1210, and the network Generic IP 1215 TO connect the user equipment in Fem-to-cell 1205 to the network core through the GANC.

p00134Also, other types of user equipment, access points, terminal adapters, smartphones, etc. can be connected to the network core using the GANC.

p00135b) Switched circuit domain (CS) - User plane - User equipment architecture

p00136Figure 13 illustrates the user equipment architecture for the user plane in the switched circuit domain in some embodiments. As shown, the architecture includes support for both GAN A / Gb and Iu 1305 modes, as well as GERAN 1310 and UTRAN 1315. The RFC 3267 AMR 1320 processing layer is used to connect the GTP RTP / UDP / IP 1325 layers to the AMR 1330 audio processing layer through the user plane routing service layer in CS 1335, which routes data from the user plane CS to and from the selected access network, that is, GERAN, UTRAN or GAN. The RFC 3267 AMR 1320 processing layer is not used when connecting to the CS 1340 data processing layers, that is, in the case of switched circuit data, in or to the switched circuit voice position.

p00137B. Packet switched domain (PS)

1. Switching circuit domain - User plane

p00138Figure 14 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the PS domain control plane. The figure shows different protocol layers of the user equipment 1405, the generic IP network 1410, the GANC 1415 and the SGSN 1420. Figure 14 also shows the two interfaces Up 1425 and lu-Ps 1430. The main features of the architecture Control plane in the GAN Ps domain are as follows. The underlying access layers 1435 and the IP transport layer 1440 provide generic connectivity between the user equipment 1405 and the GANC 1415. The IPSec layer 1445 provides encryption and data integrity. TCP 1450 provides secure transport for the GA-PSR between user equipment 1405 and GANC 1415. The GA-RC manages the IP connection, including the GAN registration procedures. The generic protocol for access to switched packet resources (GA-PSR) supports the specific requirements of UMTS.

p00139The GANC 1415 terminates the GA-PSR protocol and interconnects it to the RANAP 1455 protocol through the lu-Ps 1430 interface. NAS 1460 protocols, as for GMM, SM and SMS, are transparently transported between the 1405 user equipment and the SGSN 1420 In some embodiments, the Iu-Ps 1465 signal transport layers are implemented in accordance with 3GPP TS 25.412.

p00140A person of medium skill in this area will notice that other user equipment, access points, terminal adapters, smartphones, etc. They can be connected to the network core through a GANC. For example, Figure 15 illustrates the control plane protocol architecture in the user domain Ps domain 1505 at a Fem-to-cell (FAP) access point 1510 and a generic IP network 1515. Using the technique described in conjunction with Figures 8 and 9, a person of medium skill in this matter could replace the user equipment 1405 and the generic IP network 1410 shown in Figure 11 with the UE 1505, FAP 1510, and the network Generic IP 1515 TO connect the user equipment in Fem-to-cell 1505 to the network core through the GANC. Also, other types of user equipment, access points, terminal adapters, smartphones, etc. can be connected to the network core using the GANC.

c) Switched packet domain (Ps) - Control plane - User equipment architecture

p00141Figure 16 illustrates the architecture of the user equipment for the control plane of switched packets in some embodiments. As shown, the architecture includes support for both GAN A / Gb and Iu mode, as well as GERAN and UTRAN. The main features of the user domain PS control plane architecture shown in Figure 16 are as follows. The RR-SAP GERAN 1615 interface and the GERAN G MM RR-SAP 1617 interface to the GMM 1605 layer are retained identically for both GERAN and the GAN A / Gb access mode. Similarly, the RR-SAP GERAN 1620 interface and the UTRAN GMMAS-SAP 1622 interface to the GMM 165 layer are retained identically for both UTRAN and the GAN Iu access mode. An access mode switch 1610 is provided to switch between the GERAN / UTRAN, GAN A / Gb and GAN Iu modes. GA PSR / GA-RC 1625 is directly associated with the UTRAN RRC 1630 and GERAN RRC 1635 layers to provide roaming and delivery coordination. As shown in Figure 16, GA-PSR / GA-RC 1625, UTRAN RRC 1630 and GERAN RRC 1635 communicate via a set of access service interfaces (SAPS) 1640.

p001422. Switched packet domain (PS) - User plane

p00143Figure 17 illustrates the architecture of the GAN by supporting the PS domain user plane in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers of the user equipment 1705, of the generic IP network 1710, of the GANC 1715 and of the SGSN 1720. Figure 17 also shows the two interfaces Up 1725 and Iu-Ps 1730. The main features of the architecture of the user plane in the GAN Ps domain are shown in Figure 17 as follows. The underlying access layers 1735 and the IP transport layer 1740 provide generic connectivity between the user equipment 1705 and the GANC 1715. The IPSec layer 1745 provides encryption and data integrity.

p00144GA-PSR is extended to include support for the GTP-U G-PDU message format to transport PS user data (eg IP packets), before using LLC PDUs as in GAN A / Gb mode. As shown in Figure 17, the user data in GTP-U G-PDU messages can be carried transparently between the user equipment 1705 and the network core by the SGSN to the GGSN. In some embodiments, the lower data transport layers lu-Ps 1765 are implemented according to the 3GPP TS 25.414 standard.

p00145Figure 18 illustrates an alternative configuration of the PS domain user plane in which it is supported by the Up interface procedures in some embodiments. In this configuration, the GANC 1815 terminates the GTP-U tunnel of the Up interface with the user equipment 1805 and also ends the separate tunnel GTP-U lu-Ps with the SGSN 1820. The GANC 1815 transmits the PS user data between the GTP-U tunnel of the Up interface and the GTP-U tunnel of the associated lu-Ps interface to allow user data to flow between the user equipment and the SGSN.

p00146This configuration minimizes the number of active GTP-U routes shown to the network core, that is, the SGSN may be limited in the number of RNCs with which user data Ps can be exchanged at the same time (for example, there can currently be no more RNCs 4096 in a given PLMN). It is possible that support cannot be provided without a software update, for example simultaneous communication with hundreds of thousands of user equipment as would be necessary if the GTP-U tunnels were between the user equipment to the SGSN. Completing the lu-Ps GTP-U tunnels in the GANC avoids this potential limitation of SGSN. In some embodiments, the lower data transport layers lu-Ps 1865 are implemented according to the 3GPP TS 25.414 standard.

p00147A person of medium skill in this area will notice that other user equipment, access points, terminal adapter, smartphones, etc. They can be connected to the network core through a GANC. For example, Figure 19 illustrates the PS domain, the user plane protocol architecture of user equipment 1905, a Fem-to-cell (FAP) 1910 access point, and a generic IP network 1915. Using the technique described in conjunction with Figures 8 and 9, a person of medium skill in this matter could replace the user equipment 1805 and the generic IP network 1110 shown in Figure 11 with the user equipment 1905, the FAP 1910 and the generic IP network 1915 to connect the user equipment in Fem-to-cell 1905 to the network core through the GANC. Also, other types of user equipment, access points, terminal adapters, smartphones, etc. can be connected to the network core using the GANC.

a) Switched packet domain - User plane -User equipment architecture

p00148Figure 20 illustrates the user equipment architecture for the switched packet domain plane in some embodiments. As shown, the architecture includes support for both GAN A / Gb and Iu 2005 modes, as well as GERAN 2010 and UTRAN 2015. A 2020 access mode switch is provided to switch between GERANN / UTRAN, GAN A / Gb mode and GAN Iu modes.

C. GA-RC (Generic Access - Resource Control)

p00149The GA-RC protocol provides a resource management layer with the following functions: Detection and registration in the GANC, registration update with the GANC, level maintenance application with the GANC and support for the identification of the access point ( AP) used to access the GAN.

p001501. GA-RC sublayer states

p00151Figure 21 illustrates a state diagram for generic access in the user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, the GA-RC sublayer in the user equipment can be found in one of these two states: GA-RC-assisted 2105 or GA-RC-REGISTERED 2110. The following results are possible when switching (shown by arrow 2112) of the RR in service to Iu mode in GAN: (1) Transition to GA-CSR-IDLE 2115 and GA-PSR-IDLE 2120 (that is, the user equipment is inactive during the transition), (2) Transition to GA-CSR-CONNECTED 2125 and GA-PSR-IDLE 2130 (i.e. due to CS delivery or relocation), (3) Transition to GA-CSR-IDLE 2115 and GA-PSR-CONNECTED 2130 (ie due to PS delivery or relocation), (4) Transition to GA -CSR- CONNECTED 2125 and GA-PSR-CONNECTED 2130 (that is, due to the dual transfer mode relocation Cs + Ps). The switching of the RR in service from GAN to GERAN / UTRAN RRC (shown by arrow 2135) can occur when the user equipment is in any combination of the GA-CSR and GA-PSR states.

p00152During the GA-RC-assisted 2105 state, the user equipment may be in a GAN coverage area; however, the user equipment has not been successfully registered in the GANC. The user equipment can initiate the GAN registration procedure when it is in the GA-RC-pending 2105 state. The user equipment returns to the GA-RC-maintained 2105 state if the TCP or IPSec connection is lost or during execution of the registration cancellation procedure in GAN.

p00153In the state GA-RC-REGISTERED 2110, the user equipment is registered in the GANC that provides the service. The user equipment has an IPSec tunnel and a TCP connection established with the GANC that provides the service through which the user equipment can exchange GA-RC or GA-CSR and GA-PSR signaling messages with the GANC.

p00154While the user equipment is in the GA-RC REGISTERED 2110 state, it performs application level maintenance with the GANC. In the GA-RC-REGISTERED 2110 state, the user equipment can be either in UTRAN / GERAN mode or GAN mode. The user equipment (1) can be passive in the GERAN or the UTRAN and inactive, (2) can be active in the GERAN or the UTRAN (eg a GSM RR or UTRAN RRC connection can be established), (3) may have "entered" in GAN mode, or (4) there may have been "out" recently of the GAN mode (eg due to a delivery from GAN).

p00155D. GA-CSR (Generic Switched Circuit Access Resources)

p00156The GA-CSR protocol provides a switched resource service management layer that supports the following functions: (1) configuration of CS and PS traffic transport channels between the user equipment and the GANC, (2) delivery support CS between UTRAN / GERAN and the GAN, (43 direct transfer of NAS messages between the user equipment and the network core and (4) other functions such as CS paging and security settings.

p001571. GA-CSR sublayer states

p00158The GA-CSR sublayer in the user equipment can be in two states, GA-CSR-IDLE or GA-CSR-CONNECTED as illustrated in Figure 21. The user equipment enters the GA-CSR-IDLE 2115 state when said user equipment changes that of the RR entity that serves the GAN network. Switching may occur only when the GA-RC is in the GA-RC-REGISTERED 2110 state.

p00159The user equipment varies from the GA-CSR-IDLE 2115 state to the GA-CSR-CONNECTED 2125 state when the GA-CSR connection is established and returns to the GA-CSR-IDLE 2115 state when the GA-CSR connection is released. Once the GA-CSR connection is released, the indication that there is no dedicated CS resource is transmitted to the upper layers. The user equipment may also enter the GA-CSR-CONNECTED 2125 state while in the GA-RC REGISTERED 2110 state in GERAN / UTRAN mode when a delivery to the GAN is being carried out. In the same way, the user equipment enters the GA-RC-REGISTERED 2110 state in GERAN / UTRAN mode from the GA-CSR-CONNECTED 2125 state when the delivery from the GAN is executed successfully.

E. GA-PSR (Generic Access Resources for Switched Packages)

p00160The GA-PSR protocol provides a service resource management layer for switched packets that supports the following functions: (1) configuration of PS traffic transport channels between the user equipment and the network, (2) delivery / relocation support between UTRAN / GERAN and GAN, (3) direct transfer of NAS messages between the user equipment and the PS network core and (4) other functions such as PS paging and security settings.

p001611.Gas-PSR sublayer states

p00162The GA-PSR sublayer in the user equipment can be in two states, GA-PSR-IDLE or GA-PSR-CONNECTED as illustrated in Figure 21. The user equipment enters the GA-PSR-IDLE 2120 state when said user equipment changes from the RR entity that serves the GAN network. This switch may occur only when the GA-RC is in the GA-RC-REGISTERED state 2110. The UE moves from the GA-PSR- IDLE state 2120 to the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state 2130 when the GA-PSR connection is established and returns to GA-PSR-IDLE state 2120 when the GA-PSR connection is released. Upon GA-PSR connection release, an indication that no dedicated resources exists is passed to the upper layers.

p00163The user equipment can also enter the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state while in the GA-RC REGISTERED state in GERAN / UTRAN mode while a delivery to the GAN is being carried out. In the same way, the user equipment enters the GA-RC-REGISTERED 2130 state in GERAN / UTRAN mode from the GA-PSR-CONNECTED 2125 state when the delivery from the GAN is executed successfully. The GA-PSR data transport channel (GA-PSR PTC) provides information between the user equipment and the GANC for the transport of GPRS user data via the Up interface. This is described in the NAS PS signaling procedures on the VP section below.

IV. GAN SECURITY MECHANISMS

p00165The GAN supports security mechanisms at different levels and interfaces as shown in Figure 22. Security mechanisms 2205 through the Up interface protect the traffic flows between the control plane and the user between the user equipment 2210 and the GANC 2215 against unauthorized use, data manipulation and listeners, that is, providing support for authentication, encryption and data integrity mechanisms.

p00166The 2220 network access security includes the mechanisms defined in "3G Security; Security Architecture &amp; quot ;, conforming to 3GPP standard T 33,102. Mutual authentication of the subscriber and network core (CN) 2225 occur between the MSC / VLR or SGSN and the user equipment and are transparent to the GANC. However, there is an encrypted authentication connection between the user equipment and the network core and authentication between the user equipment and the GANC to prevent man-in-the-middle attacks.

p00167The use of security mechanisms in the application plane 2230 can be carried out in the PS domain to ensure end-to-end point communication between the user equipment 2210 and the application server 2235.

p00168For example, in some embodiments, user equipment 2210 may execute the HTTP protocol over an SSL session for secure web access. All control plane and user plane traffic sent between user equipment 2210 and GANC 2215 a Through the Up interface it is protected by an IPSec tunnel between the user equipment 2210 and the GANC-SEGW, which provides mutual authentication (using credentials of the user SIM), data integrity and encryption using the same mechanisms specified in &amp; quot; 3G security; Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) interworking security &amp; quot ;, conforming to 3GPP TS 33.234 standard.

p00169As described above in relation to Figures 9, 12, 15, and 19, some embodiments use a Fem-to-cell (FAP) access point to communicatively associate a user equipment to the GANC through a generic network. IP. As shown in Figure 9, the FAP architecture for the PS control plane has an IPSec layer

p00170920. Also, the FAP architectures for the CS user plane, PS control plane and CS user plane also include IPSec (or IPSec ESP) layers (1220.1520, and 1920 respectively). As shown in Figures 9, 12, 15 and 19, these IPSec layers are on the IP transport layer and on the remote IP layers of the GANC and are communicatively associated with their corresponding IPSANC GANC layers, thereby providing a secure link between the GANC and the FAP.

V. HIGHER LEVEL PROCEDURES

p00172A. Mode selection in multimode terminals

p00173A user equipment with generic access capability can support any IP access technology in addition to UTRAN and possibly GERAN wireless interfaces. The user equipment can be either in the GERAN / UTRAN operating mode or in the GAN mode. The user equipment may be configured to operate in one of two modes (ie, GERAN / UTRAN or GAN) at any time. It is possible that there is a preferred mode of operation that can be configured by the subscriber or by the service provider using various mechanisms, such as device management.

p00174When connected, the user equipment always starts in the GERAN / UTRAN mode and executes the normal power up sequence. The user equipment in some embodiments executes the power up sequence as specified in "Non-Access-Stratum functions related to Mobile Station (MS) in idle mode" according to the 3GPP TS 23.122 standard. Following this, the user equipment can switch to GAN mode based on the selection preference of the mode determined by the user or according to the configuration of the service operator.

p00175The different preferences that are possible for the user equipment are: Only GERAN / UTRAN, GERAN / UTRAN with preference, WIN with preference and only WIN. In the GERAN / UTRAN-only mode, the RR entity of the user equipment remains in GERAN / UTRAN mode and does not change to GAN mode. In GERAN / UTRAN-preferably mode, the RR entity of the user equipment is in GERAN / UTRAN mode as long as there is no PLMN available and not prohibited by GERAN / UTRAN. If no supported PLMN is available through GERAN / UTRAN and the user equipment has successfully registered a GAN through the generic access IP network, then the user equipment will enter GAN mode. When a PLMN becomes available through GERAN / UTRAN and neither the PLMN is prohibited nor the user equipment has lost connectivity with the GAN through the generic IP access network, the user equipment returns to the GERAN / UTRAN mode.

p00176In the GAN configuration - preferably, when the user equipment successfully registers in the GAN via the generic access IP network, the user equipment switches to the GAN mode and remains in this mode as long as the GAN is available. When the user equipment completes the registration, or otherwise loses connectivity with the GAN through the generic access IP network, the user equipment switches to GERAN / UTRAN mode.

p00177In single GAN mode, the user equipment switches to GAN mode (after the initial power-up sequence in GERAN / UTRAN mode to obtain mobile network information, but excluding MM and GMM procedures with the GERAN / UTRAN network core) and does not switch to GERAN / UTRAN mode. During the initial power-up sequence in GERAN / UTRAN mode, the user equipment will ignore all paging messages received through the GERAN / UTRAN network.

p00178B. PLMN Selection

p00179In some embodiments, there are no changes in the PLMN selection procedures in the NAS layers (MM and higher) in the user equipment, with the exception that in VAN mode the VPLMN background scan is disabled. A GANC can only connect to a PLMN. The selection of PLMN in NAS layers does not lead to a mode change between GERAN / UTRAN and GAN mode. For a specific case of PLMN selection, only the PLMNs available through GAN or only the PLMNs available through GERAN / UTRAN are provided to the NAS layer (that is, there is no combination of the PLMNs available through GERAN / UTRAN and WIN).

p00180In the case of a user equipment with GAN support, some embodiments require a GANC selection process as part of the process of establishing connectivity between the user equipment and the GANC. This happens when, during GAN registration, a user team with GAN support may have to select between two or more GANC-PLMN pairs indicated by the predefined GANC (that is, in the GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message). The GANC selection process happens while the user equipment is still in GERAN / UTRAN mode and before the user equipment enters GAN mode. If the currently selected PLMN is available through GAN, it will be selected. If not, the selection of GANC is specific to each implementation.

p00181If the UE does not have stored information related to the GANC serving in the cell, or to the AP to which the user equipment is currently connected, the user equipment attempts to register in the predefined GANC (always located within the HPLMN) which is stored in the user equipment. The user equipment includes an indication, identifying the GANC as the predefined GANC in the GA-RC REGISTER REQUEST message.

p00182When a user equipment tries to register in the predefined GANC, including an indication that it is in automatic PLMN selection mode, one of the following scenarios takes place. If the Predefined GANC decides to service the user equipment, the predefined GANC responds with a GA-RC REGISTER ACCEPT message. When the predefined GANC decides to redirect the user equipment to another GANC within the HPLMN, the predefined GANC responds with a GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message, not including a list of PLMN identities.

p00183When the predefined GANC decides to redirect the user equipment to a PLMN that is not the HPLMN, the predefined GANC responds with a GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message and includes a list of PLMNs that can provide GAN service to the user equipment in its current location. The list contains one or more PLMN identities along with the identities of your GANC and associated SEGW nodes (or in IP address format or FQDN format). Following the GANC selection process, the GA-RC entity in the user equipment tries to register in the associated GANC.

p00184If at any time, the user wishes to make a manual selection of PLMN or a "re-selection of user" regardless of whether the user equipment is in manual mode or automatic PLMN selection mode, the user equipment sends a GA-RC REGISTER REQUEST message to the predefined GANC, including an indication that it is in the manual mode of PLMN selection. The predefined GANC is not allowed to accept that registration and responds with a GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message that includes a list of PLMNs that can provide GAN service to the user equipment in its current location.

p00185When the user equipment includes the GSM network identity that serves in the GA-RC REGISTER REQUEST message, the predefined GANC uses this to identify the list of PLMNs and send the response message to the user equipment.

p00186After a successful registration in a service GANC, the user equipment does not store the list of PLMNs. The user equipment does not use the list of PLMNs, provided to the user equipment during the registration procedure, to scan the system background. A user team cannot use GA in a VPLMN network unless the HPLMN supports and authorizes GA.

p00187C. Re-selection between GERAN / UTRAN and GAN modes

p001881.Entry in GAN (from GERAN / UTRAN mode to GAN mode)

p00189This procedure is applicable only when the GAN service is available, a user equipment is not in NC2 mode (applicable if the user equipment is in GERAN mode as defined in "Radio subsystem link control" in accordance with 3GPP TS 45.008 standard ) and has user equipment preference configured only for GAN, GAN-with preference or, if no PLMN is available through GERAN / UTRAN, in this case with preference GERAN / UTRAN.

p00190After successful registration in the GAN network, the access mode of the user equipment changes to the GAN mode. The GA-CSR entity on the user equipment provides the NAS system information received in the GAN registration procedure on the NAS layers. The NAS considers the assigned GANC cell identity as the currently serving cell.

p00191While in GAN mode, the entities GERAN-RR and UTRAN RRC are separated from the RR-SAP in the user equipment. As a result the entities do not: (1) inform the NAS about any re-selection of GERAN / UTRAN cell and / or the change of system information of the cell that serves, (2) inform the NAS about any PLMN found recently through GERAN or UTRAN, and (3) react to paging request messages received through GERAN or UTRAN.

p001922.GAN output (from GAN mode to GERAN / UTRAN mode)

p00193This procedure is applicable when the user equipment is separated from the generic access IP network and its current selection mode is GAN-preferably or GERAN / UTRAN preferably. When the user equipment is separated from the generic access IP network, depending on the prevailing circumstances, the user equipment may be able to cancel the registration first in the GANC.

p00194For mode selections with preference GAN and GERAN / UTRAN, the user equipment separates the GA-CSR entity from the RR-SAP and reconnects the GERAN-RR or UTRAN RRC entities to the RR-SAP and restores the normal GERAN-RR functionality or UTRAN -RRC. For the GAN-only mode selection, GA-CSR remains connected to the NAS and the user equipment remains in the GAN mode (that is, in the state of "No Service").

D. Procedures related to GAN registration

p001951.Discovery and registration for generic access

p00196The discovery and registration procedures are applicable only if the preference of the user equipment is in GAN only, in GAN with preference or if no eligible PLMN is available through GERAN / UTRAN, or in preferred mode GERAN / UTRAN.

p00197Once the user equipment has established a connection to the generic access IP network, the user equipment determines the appropriate GANC-SEGW to connect to, completing the GANC discovery procedure that serves the HPLMN of the user equipment . The service GANC provides the address of the Default GANC in the HPLMN of the user equipment, in which the user equipment can register.

p00198The user equipment attempts to register in the redefined GANC provided by the GANC that serves during the discovery procedure, completing the registration procedure. The predefined GANC can accept the registration; redirect the user equipment to another GANC or reject the registry.

p00199a) Identification of the security gateway

p00200The user SIM of the user equipment contains the FQDN (or IP address) of the service GANC and the associated SEGW or the user equipment derives this information based on the information on the user SIM card. When the user equipment does not have stored information about other associated GANCs and SEGWs, then the user equipment completes the discovery procedure in the direction of the service GANC. As part of the registration procedure, the predefined GANC can indicate whether this GANC and the SEGW address or the GANC address to which the user equipment is being redirected can be stored by the user equipment.

p00201The user equipment can also store information of the GANCs that serve, in which the user equipment has been able to successfully complete the registration procedure. The predefined GANC maintains control of whether the user equipment has permission to store information about the GANC that serves. When there is no GERAN / UTRAN coverage in the AP location, the stored information of the GANC that provides service is associated with the identification of the AP. When there is GERAN / UTRAN coverage at the location of the AP, the stored information of the GANC that serves is associated with the GSM-CGI or the LAI or with the UTRAN-Cl. The information stored on the GANC that serves is: (1) SEGW FQDN or IP address that they serve after a successful registration, (2) GANC FQDN or IP address that they serve after a successful registration, and (3 ) Optionally, GANC-TCP port after successful registration and network response. The different embodiments store a different number of such records in the user equipment, each being specific to each implementation. Only the last GANC association registered successfully is stored when the predefined GANC indicates that the user equipment is allowed to store these addresses. A user equipment may preferentially connect to a point in the generic access IP network whose association with a service GANC has already been stored in memory.

p00202When connecting to the generic access IP network, when the user equipment has a GANC that provides service already stored for the AP-ID or GERAN / UTRAN cell, the user equipment tries to register in the GANC that provides service stored in its memory . The GANC may still reject the user equipment for any reason even though it may have previously served the user equipment. The user equipment deletes the address of the GANC that serves its stored list upon receipt of a registration refusal or if the registration fails for any other reason (for example, upon receiving no response).

p00203If the user equipment does not receive a response to the registration request sent to the service GANC (and which is not the predefined GANC), the user equipment retries to register in the predefined GANC. If the user equipment does not receive a response to the registration request sent to the predefined GANC, it will try to perform the discovery procedure of the GANC that serves to obtain a new GANC by default.

p00204In the event that a user equipment attempts to register or discover a GANC after a registration failure in a GANC, the user equipment provides in the discovery or registration procedure an indication that the user equipment has attempted to register in another GANC, the reason for the failure, and the addresses of the GANC and SEGW where the registration failed. When the user equipment is connected to a generic access IP network for which the user equipment does not have a GANC that provides memory stored service, the user equipment attempts to register in the predefined GANC.

p00205b) GANC capabilities

p00206The specific information of the GANC is transferred to the user equipment after a successful registration.

p00207c) User equipment capabilities

p00208The specific GAN capabilities of the user equipment are transferred to the GANC during registration.

p00209d) GAN services required

p00210The user team can request the services that the GAN needs as part of the registration procedure.

p00211e) GAN mode selection

p00212The user equipment (that is, with GAN support in Iu mode) transfers its GAN mode support information to the GANC during discovery and registration procedures, that is, using the GAN classmark information element (IE). GAN mode support options are support for A / Gb mode, Iu mode, or both modes. When there is no GAN supported mode information, the GANC assumes that the user equipment only supports the A / Gb operating mode.

p00213The GANC that provides service can use the information received from GAN mode support to assign the user equipment to an appropriate default GANC (for example, the A / Gb modes and the lu mode of the GANCs are deployed in the network) or to an appropriate TCP port in the predefined GANC (for example, if separate TCP ports are used for A / Gb mode and for the lu mode GAN service). The GANC with Iu mode capabilities also indicates the GAN mode to be used for the current session using the IE that indicates the GAN mode, allowing the user team to determine the Iu mode capacity of the most used PLMN.

p00214Table 1 lists the combinations of user equipment discovery management processes with PLMN GAN mode capabilities.

p00215TABLE 1: GAN mode selection procedures associated with GAN discovery

<dl><dt>GAN capabilities in PLMN base mode </dt><dd /></dl>

<dl><dt>GAN mode capabilities in the user equipment </dt><dd>Only A / Gb Iu only Both of them </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Only A / Gb </dt><dd>GANC: Normally manage the discovery of A / Gb mode User equipment: Continue to register in A / Gb mode GANC: There is no supported GAN mode information provided or (only) A / Gb mode indicated by the user equipment GANC: There is no supported GAN mode information provided or (only) A / Gb mode indicated by the user equipment, therefore manage as normal discovery. Assign the user equipment to a GANC with A / Gb Capabilities. User equipment: Continue with registration in A / Gb mode </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Iu only </dt><dd>GANC: Normally manage the discovery of the A / Gb mode User equipment: Selection provided by the GANC, therefore abort operation in GAN and try again in the next restart GANC: Support to the IU mode indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send the GAN mode indicator = Iu User equipment: Continue with the registration In Iu mode GANC: Support to the IU mode indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send the GAN mode indicator = Iu Assign user equipment to GANC with Iu capabilities User equipment: Continue with registration in Iu mode </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Both of them </dt><dd>GANC: Normally manage the discovery of the A / Gb mode User equipment: Selection provided by the GANC, continue with the registration in Iu mode (note 1) GANC: Support for both modes indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send the GAN mode indicator = Iu User equipment: Continue with the Registration in Iu mode GANC: Support for both modes indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send the GAN mode indicator = Iu Assign the user equipment to a GANC with Iu Capabilities. User equipment: Continue with registration in Iu mode</dd></dl>

p00216Note: As described in Table 2 below, the result of registering a user equipment with A / Gb capacity in a GANC with A / Gb capacity is that the user equipment goes into A / Gb mode.

p00217In some embodiments, the default GANC or the service provider uses the support information from

p0021810 GAN mode to redirect the user equipment to a different GANC or to a different TCP port in the current GANC. The GANC with lu mode capabilities also indicates the GAN mode to use for the current session in the IE GAN mode indicator.

p00219Table 2 lists the record management for various combinations of user equipment capabilities and in PLMN GAN mode.

p00220TABLE 2: GAN mode selection procedures associated with GAN registration

<dl><dt>GAN mode capabilities of the default / in service GANC </dt><dd /></dl>

<dl><dt>GAN mode capabilities in the user equipment </dt><dd>Only A / Gb Iu only Both of them </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Only A / Gb </dt><dd>GANC: Normal management of the A / Gb mode register User equipment: Proceed according to GAN procedures of A / Gb mode GANC: Without supporting information of GAN mode or A / Gb mode (only) indicated by the user equipment, therefore reject (invalid GANC) User equipment: Try registration in the default GANC or rediscovery (according to the GAN mode procedure A / Gb) GANC: Without supporting information of GAN mode or A / Gb mode (only) indicated by the user equipment, therefore normally manage the registration of A / Gb mode. If necessary, redirect the user equipment to a GANC with A / Gb capacity. User equipment: Proceed according to GAN procedures in A / Gb mode</dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Iu only </dt><dd>GANC: Normal management of the A / Gb mode registration User equipment: Without selecting the GAN mode provided by GANC, therefore unsubscribe and treat as a rejection of the registration (invalid GANC) GANC: Support of Iu mode (only) indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send GAN mode indicator = Iu User equipment: Proceed according to IAN GAN procedures GANC: Support of Iu mode (only) indicated by user equipment, therefore accept and send GAN mode indicator = Iu User equipment: Proceed according to GAN procedures of IU mode </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Both of them </dt><dd>GANC: Normal management of the A / Gb register User equipment: Without selection of the GAN mode provided by GANC, therefore proceed according to the GAN procedures of A / Gb mode GANC: Support for both modes indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send GAN mode indicator = Iu User equipment: Proceed according to GAN procedures in Iu mode GANC: Support for both modes indicated by the user equipment, therefore accept and send GAN Mode Indicator: Iu or A / Gb (see note 1 below). If necessary, redirect the user equipment to a GANC with capacity for Iu or A / Gb. User equipment: Proceed according to GAN procedures in A / GB or Iu mode</dd></dl>

p00221Note 1: The choice by the GANC of Iu mode or A / Gb mode may be based on other information received in the GAN registration message of the user equipment, the information stored in the GANC and the operator's use policy ( that is, the internet provider), for example, if the GSM RR / UTRAN status IE indicates that the user equipment is in dedicated GERAN mode, The location of the user equipment is an area without UTRAN coverage and the operator wants to minimize inter-RAT deliveries, the GANC can direct the user equipment to use the A / Gb mode.

f) Discovery procedure

p00222When a user team with GAN support first tries to connect to a GAN, the user team must identify the predefined GANC. Each user equipment with GAN capability can be configured with the FQDN (or IP address) of the service GANC and the associated SEGW or user equipment can derive this FQDN based on the information in the user SIM (see &amp; quot; Numbering , addressing and identification &amp; quot ;, in the 3GPP standard TS 23.003). The user equipment is first connected to a GANC-SEGW that serves and to a GANC in the HPLMN network of the user equipment establishing an IPSec secure tunnel and a TCP connection using the provided, stored or derived addresses. The user equipment obtains the FQDN or the IP address of the predefined GANC in the HPLMN and the associated SEGW by the discovery procedure.

p00223If GERAN / UTRAN coverage is not available when a user equipment connects to the GANC to obtain GAN service, then the GANC cannot determine the location of the user equipment for the purpose of assigning the user equipment to the correct GANC serving (by example, to allow delivery and location-based services). The GANC allows the operator to determine the service policy, in this case (for example, the operator can offer a service to the user with certain limitations, possibly with a user interface indication on the user equipment). When the user equipment initiates the discovery / registration procedures and there is no GERAN / UTRAN coverage available, the GANC may have insufficient information to correctly route subsequent emergency calls.

p00224Figure 23 illustrates the discovery procedure in some embodiments. The figure shows different message exchanges between the user equipment 2305, the DNS 2310, the GANC serving 2315, the SEGW security gateway 2320 associated with the GANC serving 2315 and the DNS server 2325 associated with the GANC 2315. In the description below it is assumed that user equipment 2305 has a mode selection of only GAN or preferably GAN or preferably GERAN / UTRAN and that the user equipment has already been connected to the generic access IP network. Different embodiments create different signal levels sufficient to activate the GAN discovery and registration procedures. The following steps are taken during the discovery procedure in some embodiments.

p00225As shown in Figure 23, when the user equipment 2305 has an FQDN provided or derived from the SEGW, the user equipment (in step 1) performs a DNS query (through the IP network interface of generic access) to determine the IP address of the FQDN. When the user equipment has an IP address in service for the SEGW that serves, the DNS query step is skipped. Then, DNS server 2310 returns (in step 2) a response including the IP address of the SEGW serving 2320.

p00226As shown, user equipment 2305 establishes (in step 3) a secure tunnel to SEGW in service 2320. When user equipment 2305 has an FQDN stored or derived from GANC in service 2315, user equipment 2305 performs ( in step 4) a DNS query (through the secure tunnel) to the DNS server 2325 associated with the GANC serving 2315 to assign the FQDN to an IP address. When the user equipment 2305 has an IP address in service for the SEGW serving, the DNS query step is skipped. Then, DNS server 2325 returns (in step 5) a response including the IP address of the GANC serving 2315.

p00227User equipment 2305 establishes a TCP connection to a well-defined port of the GANC serving 2315. Then it makes a query (in step 6) to the GANC in service 2315 to obtain the predefined GANC, using the message GA-RC DISCOVERY REQUEST . The message contains: (1) Cell Information: Any UTRAN / GERAN cell ID currently in use or the last LAI where the user equipment was successfully registered, along with an indicator that indicates what, (2) point information Access to the generic access IP network: AP ID, defined in the GAN identifiers, section VII, below, (3) User equipment identity: IMSI, and (4) GAN classmark: Includes indications of the A / modes Gb and Iu supported.

p00228Then, the GANC serving 2315 returns (in step 7) the GA-RC DISCOVERY ACCEPT message, using the information provided by the user equipment (for example the cell ID) to provide the FQDN or IP address of the GANC predefined and its associated SEGW by default. This is done in such a way that the user equipment is directed to a GANC "local" by default in the HPLMN to optimize network performance. The GANC port that the user equipment must use for registration may be included. The GAN mode indicator may be included as described in the GAN mode section above.

p00229When the GANC serving 2315 cannot accept the GA-RC DISCOVERY REQUEST message, it returns (in step 8) a GA-RC DISCOVERY REJECT message indicating the cause of the rejection. The IPSec secure tunnel to SEGW serving 2320 is then released (in step 9). It is possible to reuse the same IPSec tunnel for GAN registration procedures. In this case the IPSec tunnel is not released.

p00230g) Registration procedure - Normal case

p00231Following the discovery procedure, the user equipment establishes a secure tunnel with the security gateway of the predefined GANC, provided by the GANC that serves during the discovery procedure and attempts to register in the predefined GANC. The predefined GANC may become the GANC that serves for that connection by accepting the registration, or the predefined GANC may redirect a user equipment that performs the registration to predefined service GANC.

p00232The redirection of the GANC may be based on the information provided by the user equipment during the registration procedure, or on the service provider's use policy or on the network load compensation. The GAN registration procedure serves the following functions: (1) Ensures that the user equipment is registered with the appropriate GANC entity, that is, with the use of the redirection process; (2) Informs the GANC that the connected user equipment is now connected through a generic access IP network available at a specific IP address. The GANC maintains the enrollment context for the purposes of (for example) mobile call termination; (3) provides the user equipment with the operational parameters associated with the GAN service. The content of the message &amp; quot; System Information &amp; quot; which is applicable to the GAN cell is delivered to the user equipment during the GAN registration process. This allows the user equipment to switch to GAN mode, and following the registration procedures activate the NAS procedures with the network core (such as location / routing area update, mobile originated calls, mobile terminated calls, etc.) and (4) allows the user team to request the necessary GAN services.

p00233Figure 24 illustrates the procedure for registering some embodiments. The figure shows different message exchanges between the user equipment 2405, the DNS 2410, the GANC serving 2415, the SEGW 2420 security gateway associated with the GANC serving 2415 and the DNS server 2425 associated with the GANC providing 2415 service. The following steps take place during the registration procedure.

p00234As shown in Figure 24, when user equipment 2405 has been provided with one of the SEGW by default or serving, the user equipment (in step 1) performs a DNS query (through the user interface). generic access IP network) to send the FQDN to an IP address. When the user equipment has an IP address in service for the SEGW, the DNS query step is skipped. DNS Server 2410 returns (in step 2) a response.

p00235As shown, user equipment 2405 establishes (in step 3) an IPSec secure tunnel to SEGW 2420. This step can be skipped if an IPSec tunnel is being reused in a previous discovery or registration process. When the user equipment 2405 is provided with the FQDN of the default or serving GANC, the user equipment then performs (in step 4) a DNS query (through the secure tunnel) to assign the FQDN to an address IP. When the user equipment has an IP address for the GANC, the DNS query step is skipped. Then, DNS server 2425 returns (in step 5) a response.

p00236User equipment 2405 then establishes a TCP connection with a TCP port of the GANC. TCP port

p00237or it may be an already known port or one that has previously been received from the network during discovery or registration processes. User equipment 2405 attempts (in step 6) to register with the GANC by transmitting the GA-RC REGISTER REQUEST message. The message includes:

p00238Cell information: Any UTRAN / GERAN cell ID currently in use or the last LAI where the user equipment was successfully registered, along with an indicator that indicates, (2) access point information to the access IP network generic: AP ID, defined in GAN identifiers, section VII, below, (3) User equipment identity: IMSI, (4) User equipment capacity information, (5) necessary GAN services,

(6) GAN Classmark: Includes indications of the supported A / Gb and Iu modes.

p00239When the GANC 2415 accepts the registration attempt, the GANC 2415 responds (in step 7) with a GA-RC REGISTER ACCEPT message. In this case the TCP connection and the secure IPSec tunnel are not released and it is maintained as long as the user equipment is registered in this GANC.

p00240The GA-RC REGISTER ACCEPT message includes (1) GAN capacity information and (2) GAN system specific information that includes (a) GAN mode indicator: GAN A / Gb GAN or GAN Iu mode, (B) description of the GAN cell, (C) location area identification that encompasses the country's mobile code, mobile network code, and location code that corresponds to the GAN cell , (D) cell identity that identifies the cell within the area of ​​the location corresponding to the GAN cell, and (E) applicable system clock values ​​(for example, for the application level to keep a message transmission interval active (see section "Keep Active", below).

p00241Alternatively, the GANC 2415 can reject the request. In this case, the GANC 2415 responds (in step 8) with a message to GA-RC REGISTER REJECT indicating the cause of the rejection. The TCP connection and the IPSec secure tunnel are then released.

p00242Alternatively, if the GANC 2415 decides to redirect the UE to (another) GANC serving, the GANC 2415 responds (in step 9) with a GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message that provides the FQDN or IP address of the GANC in service and the associated SEGW, as well as the GAN mode indicator if the GANC requires a particular mode to use with the GANC in service (for example, if the GANC knows that the GANC in service supports only the GAN A / Gb mode). In this case the TCP connection is released and the IPSec secure tunnel is optionally released (in step 10) depending on whether the network indicates that the same IPSec tunnel can be reused for the next registration. The GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message may contain: (1) a unique SEGW and GANC address or (2) a list of associated PLMN and SEGW identities in service and GANC addresses. The message may also contain an indication of whether the GANC address (s) can be stored in the user equipment for future use.

p00243a) Registration procedure - Exceptional cases

p00244When the GANC in service rejects the registration request and does not provide redirection to another GANC in service, the user equipment retries to register in the predefined GANC including a cause that indicates the failed registration attempt and the GANC and SEGW that served when the Registration request failed. The user equipment also deletes all the information stored on the GANC that serves.

p00245When the predefined GANC rejects a registration request and cannot provide redirection to the GANC that provides adequate service, the user team can retry the discovery procedure of the GANC that provides service (including a cause that indicates the failed registration attempt and the GANC predefined provided in the last discovery procedure). The user equipment also deletes all the information stored on the predefined GANC.

p002462.Cancellation of registration

p00247Figure 25 illustrates the cancellation of registration initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. The GA-RC registration cancellation procedure allows user equipment 2505 to explicitly inform GANC 2510 that it is leaving the GAN mode (for example, when it is separated from the generic access IP network) by sending (in step 1) a message GA-RC-performingTER to GANC 2510 allowing you to release resources that you assigned to user equipment 2505. The GANC 2510 also supports &amp; quot; the implied cancellation of GAN registration &amp; quot; when the TCP connection to the user equipment is abruptly lost.

p00248Figure 26 illustrates the cancellation of registration initiated by GANC 2610 in some embodiments. As shown, the GANC 2610 can autonomously release the registration context of the user equipment and send (in step 1) a GA-RC-maintainedTER message to the user equipment 2605. Alternatively, the GANC 2610 may implicitly cancel registration of user equipment 2605 by closing the TCP connection with the user equipment. When inactive, the GA-RC sub-layer of the user equipment ensures that the user equipment is explicitly separated if possible from the network before completing the GA-RC registration cancellation procedure.

p002493. Registration update

p00250Figure 27 illustrates the registration update procedure of some embodiments. The GA-RC registration update procedure allows the user team 2705 to update information in the GANC 2710 related to changes in the identity of the upper GERAN cell or changes in the generic access IP network. As shown, the user equipment 2705 sends (in step 1) GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE UPLINK message to the GANC 2710 with the updated information. This may result in the user equipment 2705 being redirected to another GANC that provides service or if the service has been denied, for example, due to operator policy.

p00251When the 2705 user equipment detects the UTRAN / GERAN coverage after reporting that there is no coverage during the GAN registration, the user equipment sends the GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE UPLINK message to the GANC with the updated information. Whenever the connection point of the generic access IP network changes, the user equipment sends a GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE UPLINK message to the GANC with the connection point of the generic access IP network already updated. When the user equipment needs to update the GANC with a new list of necessary GAN services, then the user equipment sends the GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE UPLINK message to the GANC including the new list of necessary GAN services.

p00252The GANC 2710 can optionally send (in step 2) the GA-RC REGISTER REDIRECT message when it decides to redirect the user equipment based on the updated information. The GANC 2710 can also optionally cancel the registration of the user equipment 2705 by transmitting a GA-RC grantTER message (in step 3) to the user equipment.

p00253Figure 28 illustrates the uplink update procedure of some embodiments. The procedure for updating the GAN register also allows the GANC 2810 to update the GAN system information on the user equipment 2805 and, if necessary, send (in step 1) a GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE DOWNLINK message carrying the updated information.

4.Maintenance of active status

p00254Figure 29 illustrates the active maintenance process in some embodiments. The active maintenance process is a mechanism between paired GA-RC entities to indicate that the UE is still registered in the GANC. Using periodic transmissions (in step 1) of the GA-RC KEEP ALIVE message, the user equipment 2805 determines in response that the GANC 2810 is still available using the connection currently established by the lower layer connection.

5. Cell Broadband Transmission Information

p00255Figure 30 illustrates the cell broadband transmission information in some embodiments. Cell broadband transmission information is a mechanism between the associated GA-RC entities, which allow GANC to pass information to the user equipment related to the cell broadband transmission services. User equipment 3005 includes information required from the GAN service in the GA-RC REGISTER REQUEST and GA-RC REGISTER UPDATE UPLINK messages transmitted to the GANC, indicating that the user equipment requires the cell broadband transmission service. The GANC 3010 then transmits (in step 1) the necessary information to the user equipment 1105 in the GA-RC CELL BROADCAST INFO message.

E. Authentication

p00256The Up interface supports the ability to authenticate the UE in the GANC (in order to establish the secure tunnel) using GSM or UMTS credentials. Authentication between the user equipment and the GANC is performed using EAP-SIM or EAP-AKA according to IKEv2.

p00257F. Encryption and data integrity protection

p00258All user and control plane traffic through the Up interface is sent by the pair of IPSec tunnel security mode associations (one for each address) that is established during the establishment of the IKEv2 security association. Data integrity protection and encryption is done through negotiated encryption algorithms, based on the core network policy and imposed by the GANC-SEGW.

G. GA-CSR connection management

p00259The GA-CSR mode connection Iu in GAN is a logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC for the CS domain. A GA-CSR connection is established when the upper layers in user equipment request the establishment of a CS domain signaling connection and the user equipment is in GA-CSR-IDLE state, that is, there is no GA-CSR connection . When a successful response is received from the network, the GA-CSRs answer to the top layer that the CS domain signaling connection is established and the user equipment has entered the equivalent of the RRC mode (i.e., the GA-CSR state -CONNECTED).

1.Establishment of GA-CSR connection

p00260Figure 31 illustrates the establishment with and without success of the GA-CSR connection in some embodiments. As shown, the user equipment 3105 starts the GA-CSR connection establishment by sending (in step 1) the GA-CSR REQUEST message to the GANC 3110. This message contains the cause of establishment indicating the reason for the GA connection establishment -CSR.

p00261When the GANC determines that the connection request can be accepted, the GANC 3110 signals the acceptance of the connection request to the user equipment 3105 by sending (in step 2) the message GA-CSR REQUEST ACCEPT and the user equipment enters state GA-CSR-CONNECTED. On the other hand, when the GANC determines that the GA-CSR connection request has to be rejected, the GANC 3110 sends (in step 3) a GA-CSR REQUEST REJECT message to the user equipment 3105 indicating the cause of rejection and completing So the procedure.

2. GA-CSR connection release

p00262Figure 32 shows the release of the GA-CSR logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC in some embodiments. As shown, the MSC 3215 tells the GANC 3210 to release the CS resources assigned to the user equipment by sending (in step 1) Iu RANAP release command message to the GANC 3210.

p00263Next, GANC 3210 confirms (step 2) the release of resources to CN 3215 using the complete Iu ​​release message. The GANC 3210 then orders (step 3) the user equipment 3205 to release resources, using the message GA-RRC RELEASE. Finally, user equipment 3205 confirms (step 4) the release of resources to the GANC using the GA-CSR RELEASE COMPLETE message and the GA-CSR status on the user equipment varies to idle.

H. Control of CS security mode

p00264Figure 33 illustrates the message flow for security mode control in some embodiments. As shown, MSC 3315 sends (in step 1) the RANAP security mode command message to GANC 3310. This message contains the integrity key (IK) and allowed algorithms and optionally the encryption key (CK) and Allowed algorithms

p00265Then, the GANC 3310 sends (in step 2) the GA-CSR SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the user equipment 3305. This message indicates the integrity protection and coding settings (ie the settings applicable after relocation to UTRAN ) and a random number. The user equipment stores the information for possible future use after a relocation in UTRAN.

p00266Next, the user equipment 3305 computes a MAC based on a random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key calculated by the user equipment. The MAC or "message authentication code" allows the GANC to verify that the user equipment has been able to calculate the same integrity key value that the GANC received from the MSC, thereby preventing attacks "man-in-the-middle". User equipment 3305 then sends (step 3) the message GA-CSR SECURITY MODE COMPLETE to indicate to GANC 3310 the selected algorithm and the computed MAC.

p00267The GANC 3310 then verifies the MAC using the random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key provided by the MSC in step 1. When the GANC verifies that the MAC is correct (ie, the MAC calculated by the GANC is the same as the MAC calculated by the user equipment) (in step 4) sends the complete security mode message to the MSC 3315. The MAC demonstrates that the identity that is authenticated by the GANC is the same as the identity authenticated by the network core.

I. NAS CS signaling procedures

p00268Once the GA-CSR connection is established, NAS signaling can be transferred from the MSC to the user equipment and vice versa.

p002691. MSC NAS signaling to user equipment

p00270Figure 34 illustrates the MSC NAS signaling to user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, for MSC NAS signaling to the user equipment, the MSC 3415 sends (step 1) a NAS PDU to the GANC via the RANAP direct transfer message. The GANC 3410 encapsulates the NAS PDU in a GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message and forwards it (step 2) to user equipment 4905 through the existing TCP connection.

p002712. NAS signaling from user equipment to MSC

p00272Figure 35 illustrates the NAS signaling of user equipment to MSC in some embodiments. As shown, user equipment 3505 receives a request from the NAS layer to transfer an uplink NAS PDU. Assuming that the necessary signal connection already exists, user equipment 3505 encapsulates the NAS PDU within a GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER message and sends it (in step 1) to the GANC 3510. The GANC 3510 forwards (in step 2) the message received to the MSC 3515 through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00273Call originated in mobile CS

p002741.GANC ends the Iu Up protocol

p00275Figure 36 illustrates the steps followed during a call originated in mobile CS in some embodiments. The procedure assumes that the user equipment is in GAN mode and that the user equipment has been successfully registered in the GANC and the GA-CSR is the RR entity that provides CS service to the user equipment. In addition, it is also assumed that there is no GA-RRC connection between the user equipment and the GANC (eg being in GA-RRC-IDLE state). As shown, the procedure for establishing the GA-CSR connection (step 1) is performed. In some embodiments, this procedure is performed as described in the "GA-CSR Connection Establishment" section set forth above. Next, the user equipment 3605 sends the CM service request message to the GANC 3610 in the GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00276Later, the GANC 3610 establishes an SCCP connection with CN 3615 network core and forwards (step 3) the NAS PDU (eg the CM service request message) to the CN 7615 network core through the initial device equipment message. RANAP user The message includes the domain indicator whose value is set as "Domain CS". The following NAS messages between the user equipment and the MSC will be sent between the GANC and the MSC through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00277The MSC 3615 can optionally authenticate (step 4) the user equipment using standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The MSC 3615 may, optionally, initiate (step 5) the security mode control procedure described in the “Security mode control” subsection, above. The 3605 user equipment sends (step 6) the configuration message providing the call data to the MSC, as well as the bearer capacity and the supported codecs. The message is contained within the GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC forwards the configuration message to the MSC.

p00278Next, the MSC 3615 core indicates (step 7) that it has received the call configuration and will not accept additional call establishment information using the GANC call procedure message. The GANC forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment in the GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00279MSC 3615 requests (step 6) from GANC 3610 to allocate call resources using the RAB RANAP allocation request message. The MSC 3615 includes the RAB identifier, the address of the transport layer of the CN and the transport association Iu of the CN of the user data, in addition to an indication that the support mode Iu UP is required among other parameters.

p00280The GANC 3610 then sends (step 9) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 3605 including the carrier path configuration information such as: (1) Channel mode, (2) multi-speed codec configuration, (3) UDP port and IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks, and (4) the size of the voice sample.

p00281Next, the user equipment 3605 sends (GA 10) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to the GANC 7610 indicating the UPD port for the downlink RTP flow. Because the MSC indicates the Iu UP support mode in step 8, the GANC 3610 sends (step 11) the Iu UP INITIALISATION package to the MSC.

p00282In response, the MSC sends (step 12) the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. The GANC 3610 indicates (step 13) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 3605 with the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. Alternatively, steps 11 and 12 may occur before step 9.

p00283The GANC 3610 indicates to MSC 3615 that the RAB has been established, sending a message (step 14) of RAB RANAP assignment response. MSC 3615 signals user equipment 3505 with the alert message that the other participant is being called. The message is transferred (step 15) to the GANC 3610 and the GANC forwards (step 15) the message to the user equipment 3605 in the GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER. When the user equipment has not connected the audio path to the user, said equipment generates a return call to the side that initiated the call. Otherwise, the return call generated by the network will be returned to the calling side.

p00284Next, MSC 3615 indicates that the called side has responded through the connection message. The message is transferred (step 16) to the GANC 3610 and the GANC forwards (step 16) the message to the user equipment in the GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER. The user equipment connects the user to the audio path. If the user equipment is generating a return call, it stops and connects the user to the audio path.

p00285User equipment 3605 sends (connection 17) in response the connection verification message, and the two sides are connected for the voice call. The message is contained within the GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC forwards the confirmation message (ACK) to the MSC. At this point, bidirectional voice traffic flows (step 18) between user equipment 3605 and MSC 3615 through GANC 3610.

p002862. Completion of the Iu Up protocol by the user team

p00287Some embodiments use an alternative procedure for a call originated in mobile CS. Figure 37 illustrates the steps taken during a call originating from CS mobile in these embodiments. The procedure assumes that the user equipment is in GAN mode and that the user equipment has been successfully registered in the GANC and the GA-CSR is the RR entity that provides CS service to the user equipment. In addition, it is also assumed that there is no GA-RRC connection between the user equipment and the GANC (eg being in GA-RRC-IDLE state). Steps 1 to 8 are performed in the same order described for steps 1 to 8 shown in Figure 36 above and are not repeated for simplicity.

p00288Because the Iu Up support mode is indicated by the MSC in step 8 (as described in reference to Figure 36), the GANC indicates (in Step 9) that the Iu Up support mode is required in the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL, and the user equipment 3705 sends (in step 10) the Iu UP INITIALIZATION package to the MSC 3715. In response, the MSC 3715 sends (in step 11) the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. Then, the user equipment 3705 sends (message 12) the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to the GANC 3710.

p00289The GANC 3710 indicates to MSC 3715 that the RAB has been established, sending a message (step 13) of RAB RANAP assignment response. The GANC 3710 also sends (in step 14) a GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE message to the user equipment 3705. Steps 15 to 18 are performed in the same order described for steps 15 to 18 shown in Figure 36 above and They are not repeated for simplicity.

K. End of CS mobile call

p00290Figure 38 illustrates the steps followed during a call terminated on mobile CS in some embodiments. The description of the procedure assumes that the user equipment is in GAN mode and that the user equipment has been successfully registered in the GANC and the GA-CSR is the RR entity that provides CS service to the user equipment. In addition, it is also assumed that there is no GA-CSR signal connection between the user equipment and the GANC (eg, the user equipment is in the GA-CSR-IDLE state). When a completed mobile call arrives at MSC 3815, as shown in Figure 38, MSC 3815 sends (in step 1) a RANAP paging message to GANC G 3810 identified by the last location update received and includes the TMSI if available. The IMSI of the paged mobile is always included in the application.

p00291Next, GANC 3810 identifies the user registration context used by the IMSI provided by MSC 3815. Then (in step 2) it paginates user equipment 3805 using the message GA-CSR PAGING REQUEST. The message includes the TMSI, if available in the MSC request, otherwise it will include only the IMSI of the user equipment.

p00292User equipment 3805 responds with a GA-CSR PAGING RESPONSE. The user equipment makes the transition to the GA-CSR CONNECTED state. The GANC 3810 establishes an SCCP connection with the MSC 3815. The GANC 3810 then forwards (in step 4) the paging response to the MSC 3815 using the initial RANAP user equipment message. The following NAS messages between the user equipment and the network core will be sent between the GANC and the MSC through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00293The MSC 3815 can optionally authenticate (step 5) the user equipment 3805 using standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The MSC can optionally update (in step 6) the security settings on the user equipment through the GANC, as described in the “CS Security Mode Control” section above.

p00294The MSC 3815 then initiates (in step 7) the call establishment using the message sent to the user equipment through GANC. The GANC forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment 3805 in the message GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER.

p00295Next, the user equipment 3805 responds with the confirmation of the call using GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER once the compatibility with the bearer service requested in the configuration has been verified and the bearer service has been modified as needed. If the configuration included the signal information element, the user equipment alerts the user with the indicated signal, and in this case the user equipment alerts the user after the correct configuration of the user plane. The GANC 3810 forwards (step 8) the confirmed call message to the MSC 3815.

p00296Then, the MSC 3815 starts the assignment procedure with the GANC 3810, which causes (in step 9) the establishment of the RTP stream (voice bearer channel) between the GANC and the user equipment, just like steps 8 -14 in the call scenario originated in mobile CS described above.

p00297User equipment 3805 indicates (step 10) that it is alerting the user through the alert message contained in the GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER. The GANC forwards (step 10) the alert message to the MSC. The MSC sends the corresponding alert message to the calling side.

p00298User equipment 3805 indicates (step 11) that the called side has responded, through the connection message contained in the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER. The GANC 3810 forwards (in step 11) the connection message to the MSC 3815. The MSC sends a corresponding connection message Connects the called party and thereby connects the audio. The user equipment connects the user to the audio path.

p00299Then, the MSC 3815 confirms the connection (in step 12) through the connection confirmation message to the GANC 3810. The GANC forwards (in step 12) this message to the user equipment 3805 in the message GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER The two participants in the call are connected to the audio path. At this point, bidirectional voice traffic flows (step 13) between the user equipment and the MSC through the GANC.

L. CS Call Deletion

p00300Figure 39 illustrates the call removal initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, the user equipment 3905 sends (disconnect 1) the disconnect message to the MSC 3915 to release the call. This message is contained in the GA-CSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER message between the user equipment 3905 and the GANC 3910. The GANC 3910 forwards (in step 1) the disconnect message to the MSC (that is, using the direct transfer message RANAP).

p00301Then, MSC 3915 responds (in step 2) with a release message to the GANC. The GANC forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment 3905 in the message GA-CSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER. User equipment 3905 responds (step 3) with the complete release message. This message is contained within the GA-CSR UL DI RECTTRANSFER message between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC forwards (step 3) the disconnect message to the MSC. The MSC causes (in Step 4) the connection release as described in the GA-CSR connection release section above.

M. CS Delivery

p003021.SC delivery from GERAN to GAN

p00303a) The GANC finalizes the Iu Up protocol

p00304Figure 40 illustrates the switching circuit delivery (CS) of GERAN to GAN in some embodiments. The description of the delivery procedure from GERAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the GERAN, (2) the preferred selected mode of the user equipment is GAN, or if it is GERAN / UTRAN the RxLev of the cell that provides the current service falls below a certain threshold. In some embodiments, the threshold may be a specific fixed value, or a value provided by the GERAN BSS to the user equipment in dedicated mode, (3) the user equipment has been successfully registered in a GANC, whereby the User equipment can obtain the GAN system information and (4) the GERAN provides the information of the neighboring 3G cells, so that one of the cells in the neighboring 3G list matches the information of the 3G cell associated with the GANC , as indicated by the AS-related component of the system information obtained from the GANC. As shown, the user equipment 4005 begins to include GAN cell information in the measurement report message to the GERAN BSC 4015. The user equipment 4005 reports the highest level of signal in the GAN cell. This is not the actual GAN ​​signal level, but an artificial value (eg RxLev = 63) that allows the user equipment to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00305The BSC of the GERAN 4015 decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to deliver to the GAN cell. The BSC 4015 begins preparing the delivery by sending (step 2) a required delivery message to the MSC 4020, identifying the target RNC 3G (GANC).

p00306The MSC 4020 requests (step 3) the target GANC 4010 to allocate resources for delivery through the relocation request message. The user equipment is identified by the included IMSI parameter.

p00307Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the GANC 4010 sends (step 4) the Iu UP INITIALISATION package to the MSC. In response, the MSC sends (step 5) the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package.

p00308The GANC 4010 forms a delivery command message to UTRAN and sends it (step 6) to the MSC 4020 through the relocation request confirmation message. The MSC forwards (step 7) the delivery command message to UTRAN to the BSC of GERAN 4015 in the BSSMAP delivery command message, thus completing the delivery preparation.

p00309Then, the GERAN 4015 BSC sends (step 8) to the user equipment 4005 the delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems, with the delivery command message to the UTRAN to start the delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from GERAN to GAN until the end of delivery (eg until it sends the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00310User equipment 4005 accesses (step 9) to GANC 4010 with the message GA-CSR HANDOVER ACCESS and provides the complete delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems received from GERAN. The GANC 4010 sends (step 10) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 4005 including the carrier path configuration information such as: (1) Channel mode, (2) multi-speed codec configuration, ( 3) UDP port and IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks, and (4) the size of the voice sample.

p00311Subsequently, the user equipment 4005 sends (GA 11) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to the GANC 8010 indicating the UDP port for the downlink RTP stream. The GANC 4010 indicates (step 11) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 4005 with the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE.

p00312User equipment 4005 transmits (step 13) the message GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure at the time of its termination. The user equipment switches from the GERAN user plane to the GAN user plane. The GANC 4010 indicates (step 14) to the MSC 4020 through the relocation detection message that it has detected to the UE. The CN can now optionally switch the user plane from the source GERAN to the target GAN.

p00313Bidirectional voice traffic is now flowing (in step 15) between the user equipment 4005 and the MSC 4020, through the GANC 4010. The GANC 4010 indicates (in step 16) that the delivery is complete using the message relocation completed. The CN now switches the user GERAN origin plane to target GAN if it has not previously done so.

p00314The CN interrupts (step 17) the connection to the source GERAN using the cancellation command message. Finally, the GERAN origin 4015 confirms (step 18) the release of the GERAN resources allocated for this call, using the complete cancellation message.

p00315b) Completion of the Iu Up protocol by the user team

p00316Some embodiments use an alternative procedure for CS delivery from GERAN to GAN. Figure 41 illustrates steps performed during the transition from GERAN to GAN in these embodiments. The description of the delivery procedure from GERAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the GERAN, (2) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GAN, or if it is GERAN UTRAN the RxLev of the cell that provides the current service falls below a certain threshold. In some embodiments, the threshold may be a specific fixed value, or a value provided by the GERAN BSS to the user equipment in dedicated mode, (3) the user equipment has been successfully registered in a GANC, whereby the User equipment can obtain the GAN system information and (4) the GERAN provides the information of the neighboring 3G cells, so that one of the cells in the neighboring 3G list matches the information of the 3G cell associated with the GANC , as indicated by the AS-related component of the system information obtained from the GANC. Steps 1 to 3 are performed in the same order described for steps 1 to 3 shown in Figure 40 above and are not repeated for simplicity.

p00317The GANC 4110 sends (step 4) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 4105 including the bearer route configuration information such as: (1) Channel mode, (2) multi-speed codec configuration , (3) UDP port and IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks, and (4) the size of the voice sample and an indication that the Iu Up support mode is required. In some embodiments, the GANC 4110 includes radio access bearer parameters (RAB) and Iu Up parameters (for example, the Iu Up mode, where the support mode is used for AMR voice calls).

p00318Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the user equipment 4110 sends (step 5) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the IP address and to the UDP port indicated in the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message.

p00319In response, the MSC 4115 sends (IU 6) the IU UP INITIALISATION ACK package. The MSC 4115 sends the message to the source IP address and the UDP port number of the received INITIALISATION packet. User equipment 4105 sends (in step 7) the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to GANC 4110. GANC 4110 constructs a delivery to the UTRAN order message and sends it (in step B) to CN 4115 through Relocation request message confirmed.

p00320The GANC 4110 indicates (step 9) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 4105 with the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. An audio point-to-point route now exists between user equipment 4105 and MSC 4115. MSC 4115 forwards (in step 10) the delivery order message from UTRAN to GERAN BSC 4120 in the order message BSSMAP delivery, completing the preparation of the delivery.

p00321The GERAN 4120 BSC sends (step 11) to the user equipment the delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems, which contains the delivery command message to the UTRAN to initiate the delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from GERAN to GAN until the end of delivery (eg until it sends the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00322The user equipment accesses the GANC 4110 using (step 12) the GA-CSR HANDOVER ACCESS message and provides the complete delivery command message to UTRAN between systems received from GERAN. The GANC 4110 indicates (step 13) to the MSC 4115 through the relocation detection message that it has detected to the UE. The MSC 4115 can now optionally switch the user plane from origin GERAN to target GAN. Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (step 14) between the user equipment and the MSC 4115 through the GANC 4110.

p00323The user equipment transmits (step 15) the message GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure at the time of its completion. The user equipment switches from the GERAN user plane to the GAN user plane.

p00324Target GAN 4110 indicates (step 16) that the delivery is complete by the complete relocation message. The MSC 4115 now switches the origin GERAN user plane to target GAN, if it had not previously done so.

p00325Finally, MSC 4115 terminates (step 17) the connection to GERAN source using the cancellation command message. The origin GERAN confirms (step 18) the release of the GERAN resources allocated for this call, using a full cancellation message.

p003262.STR delivery from UTRAN to GAN

p00327a) The GANC finalizes the Ip Up package

p00328Figure 42 illustrates the switching circuit delivery (CS) of UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. The description of the procedure of delivery of UTRAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in active call in the UTRAN, (2) the RNC has ordered the user equipment to perform measurements between frequencies

p00329(eg if the GAN cell has been assigned a different frequency value from the one used in the UTRAN), (a) if the preferred mode of the user equipment is GAN with a 2A event configured, the user equipment handles the parameters associated with the event 2A in a specific way from the GAN for the EGAN report, (b) when the preferred mode of the user equipment <a> <a> is GERAN / UTRAN and an event 2A has been configured for the GAN cell, The user equipment should only send measurements on the GAN cell when this event is triggered and no UTRAN cell in the list of neighboring cells of the user equipment meets the conditions of activation of this event (as described in & quot; Radio Resource Control ( RRC) protocol specification ”according to 3GPP standard TS 25.331), (3) UTRAN provides information on neighboring cells so that one of the cells in the neighboring list matches the cell associated with the GANC, as indicated by the AS-related component of the system information obtained from the GANC.

p00330As shown in Figure 42, user equipment 4205 begins to include GAN cell information in the measurement report message sent to RNC 4215. User equipment 4205 reports the highest level of signal in the GAN cell. This is not the actual signal level of the GAN, but an artificial value that allows user equipment 4205 to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00331RNC 4215 decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to initiate the delivery to the GAN cell. RNC 4215 begins the preparation phase of the relocation procedure by sending (step 2) a required relocation message to the MSC, identifying the target cell (GAN).

p00332Then, steps 3 to 5 shown in Figure 42 are performed as described for steps 3-5 in the GERAN to GAN delivery section, above. The target GANC 4210 confirms (step 6) the delivery request message by the relocation request confirmation message, indicating that it can carry out the requested delivery and including a reconfiguration message of the physical channel indicating the radio communication channel to the that the EU must address.

p00333Next, the MSC 4220 sends (relocation 7) the relocation command message to the RNC 4215 thus completing the relocation preparation. The RNC 4215 sends (step 8) the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to the user equipment 4205 to start delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from UTRAN to GAN until the end of delivery (eg until it sends the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00334Then, steps 3 to 16 shown in Figure 42 are performed as described for steps 9-16 in the GERAN to GAN delivery section, above. Next, the MSC 4220 interrupts (step 17) the connection to the source RNC 8120 by means of the release command Iu. The source RNC 4215 confirms (step 18) the release of UTRAN resources allocated for this call, using full Iu release.

p00335b) The user equipment finalizes the Ip UP package

p00336Some embodiments use an alternative delivery procedure for CS deliveries from UTRAN to GAN. Figure 43 illustrates steps performed during the delivery of UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. As shown, the user equipment begins to include (step 1) GAN cell information in the measurement report message sent to RNC 4215. User equipment 4205 reports the highest level of signal in the GAN cell. This is not the real GAN ​​signal level, but an artificial value that allows the user team to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00337The RNC 4320 decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to initiate the delivery to the GAN cell. The RNC 4320 begins the preparation phase of the relocation procedure by sending (step 2) a required relocation message to the MSC 4315, identifying the target cell (GAN).

p00338MSC 4315 requests (step 3) the target GANC 4310 to allocate resources for delivery through the relocation request message. User equipment 4305 is identified by the included IMSI parameter.

p00339The GANC 4310 sends (step 4) the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 4305 including the configuration information of the bearer route received in the relocation request message, such as: (1) UDP port and the IP address of the uplink RTP stream, (2) Radiocommunication access bearer (RAB) parameters and (3) Iu UP parameters (eg Iu UP mode in which the support mode is used for AMR voice calls).

p00340Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the 4305 user equipment sends (step 5) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the IP address and to the UDP port indicated in the GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL message. This message is addressed to network core 4315 (eg the R4 media gateway).

p00341In response, MSC 4315 sends (IU 6) the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. The MSC 4315 sends the message to the source IP address and the UDP port number of the received INITIALISATION packet. User equipment 4305 sends the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to GANC 4310 (step 7).

p00342The target GANC 4310 confirms (step 8) the delivery request message by the relocation request confirmation message, indicating that it can carry out the requested delivery and including a reconfiguration message of the physical channel indicating the radio communication channel to the The user equipment 4305 should be addressed.

p00343The GANC 4310 indicates (step 9) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 4305 with the message GA-CSR ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. There is now a point-to-point audio path between the user equipment 4305 and the MSC 4315. The MSC 4315 sends (step 10) the relocation command message to the RNC 4320 thus completing the relocation preparation.

p00344The RNC 4320 sends (step 11) the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to the user equipment to begin delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from UTRAN to GAN until the end of delivery (eg until it sends the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short. The user equipment accesses (step 12) to the GANC 4310 with the message GA-CSR HANDOVER ACCESS, and provides the complete message PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION received from the RNC 4320.

p00345The GANC 4310 indicates (step 13) to the MSC 4315 through the relocation detection message that the user equipment has detected. The MSC 4315 can now optionally change the user plane from the origin RNC 4320 to the target GANC 4310. The two-way voice traffic now flows (in step 14) between the user equipment and the MSC 4315, through the GANC 4310.

p00346The user equipment transmits (step 15) GA-CSR HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure from their perspective. The user equipment switches the user from the UTRAN user plane to the GAN user plane. Target GAN 4310 indicates (step 16) that the delivery is complete by the complete relocation message. The CN 4315 now switches the user plane from RNC 4320 origin to target GANC 4310 if it has not previously done so.

p00347Finally, the MSC 4315 interrupts (step 17) the connection to the RNC source 4320 by means of the release command Iu. The source RNC 4320 confirms (step 10) the release of UTRAN resources allocated for this call, using full Iu release.

p003483. CS delivery from GAN to GERAN

p00349Figure 44 illustrates the procedure of switching on a switched circuit from GAN to GERAN in some embodiments. The description of the procedure in this clause assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in GAN Iu mode; (2) GERAN is now available and (i) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN, or (ii) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GAN and the user equipment begins to abandon coverage of GAN, based on their local measurements, the RTCP reports received and any other indication of quality of the uplinks received from the GANC. The procedure for delivering GAN to GERAN is always activated by the user equipment. As shown in Figure 44, the following steps are performed during the delivery of GAN to GERAN.

p00350The GANC 4410 can send (step 1) GA-CSR UPLINK QUALITY INDICATION if there are problems with the quality of the uplinks during the current call. The indication of the quality of the uplinks is information that the GANC sends to the user equipment indicating the crossing of the quality threshold of an uplink in the uplink direction. When the user equipment receives an indication of poor quality, the delivery procedure should begin as detailed in the next step. Alternatively, the user equipment can use its local measurements or the received RTCP reports to decide to start the delivery procedure.

p00351As shown, the user equipment 4405 sends (GA 2) the message GA-CSR HANDOVER INFORMATION to the GANC 4410 in which it indicates the channel mode and a list of target GERAN cells, identified by the CGI in order of preference for the delivery, (eg listed according to the loss of route C1 parameters) and includes the power level of the signal of each identified GERAN cell. This list assumes the most recent information available from the GSM RR subsystem. In addition, the GA-CSR HANDOVER INFORMATION message may include a list of target UTRAN cells listed in order of preference for delivery, and the signal strength of each UTRAN cell identified.

p00352If the GANC providing the service selects a target GERAN cell, the delivery procedure to GERAN is carried out. The GANC 4410 that provides the service starts the preparation of the delivery indicating (step 3) to the MSC 4420 the need for the delivery, with the required relocation message and including the GERAN cell list provided by the user equipment. It is possible that the GANC 8310 includes a single subgroup of cell list provided by the user equipment.

p00353MSC 4420 selects a target GERAN cell and requests (step 4) to allocate the necessary resources through the delivery request. The BSC GERAN objective 4415 constructs a delivery command message with information on the assigned channel and sends it (step 5) to the MSC 4420 through the relocation request confirmation message.

p00354The MSC 4420 indicates (step 6) to the GANC 4410 to deliver the user equipment 4405 to the GERAN by means of the relocation command message, thus completing the delivery preparation phase. The GANC transmits (step 7) the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMMAND to the user equipment with the data sent by GERAN on the allocation of resources of the target.

p00355Then, the user equipment 4405 transmits (in step 8) the message "Delivery Access Um &amp; quot; which contains the delivery reference element to allow the GERAN BSC objective 4415 to map this delivery access with the delivery order message transmitted earlier to the MSC in response to the delivery request. The GERAN objective 4415 confirms (step 9) the detection of the delivery to the MSC 4420 with the delivery detection message.

p00356The MSC 4420 can now switch (step 10) the user plane to the target BSS. The GERAN BSC provides (in step 11) the physical information to the user equipment (eg temporary advance) to allow the user equipment to synchronize with the GERAN. User equipment 4405 indicates (step 12) to GERAN BSC 4415 that delivery has been completed using the completed delivery message.

p00357The GERAN BSC 4415 confirms (step 13) to the MSC 4420 the completion of the delivery using the completed delivery message. The MSC 4420 can use the target CGI used during the delivery procedure for loading purposes.

p00358The two-way voice traffic now flows (in step 14) between the user equipment 4405 and the MSC 4420 through the GERAN BSC 4415. Upon receiving confirmation of the delivery termination, the MSC 4420 indicates (in step 15 ) to the GANC that releases any resource assigned to the user equipment using the release order Iu.

p00359Next, the GANC 4415 then orders (step 16) the user equipment 4405 to release resources, using the message GA-CSR RELEASE. The GANC 4410 confirms (step 17) the release of the MSC 4420 resource using the complete Iu ​​release message.

p00360User equipment 4405 confirms (step 18) the release of resources to GANC 8310 with the message GA-CSR RELEASE COMPLETE. User equipment 4405 can unsubscribe (step 19) the GANC through the message GA-RC permittedTER.

p003614.GAN delivery from GAN to UTRAN

p00362Figure 45 illustrates the procedure of switching on a switched circuit from GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. The description of the procedure assumes the following: The user equipment is making an active call in GAN and is capable of operating in the GAN, GERAN and UTRAN modes; and (3) UTRAN is now available and (a) the preferred mode of the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN, or (b) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GAN and begins to abandon GAN coverage, based on its local measurements, the RTCP reports received in addition to the quality indications of the uplinks received from the GANC. The delivery procedure from GAN is always activated by the user equipment. As shown in Figure 45, the following steps are performed during the delivery of GAN to UTRAN.

p00363The GANC 4510 can send (step 1) GA-CSR UPLINK QUALITY INDICATION if there are problems with the quality of the uplinks during the ongoing call. The indication of the quality of the uplinks is information that the GANC 4510 sends to the user equipment 4505 in which the crossing of the quality threshold of an uplink in the uplink direction is indicated. When the 4505 user equipment receives an indication of poor quality, the delivery procedure should begin as detailed in the next step. Alternatively, the user equipment can use its local measurements or the received RTCP reports to decide to start the delivery procedure.

p00364User equipment 4505 sends (GA 2) the message GA-CSR HANDOVER INFORMATION to the service GANC indicating the mode of the channel and a list of possible cells of the UTRAN and the target GERAN in order of preference for delivery, and includes the strength of the signal received from each identified cell. UTRAN cells are identified by the PLMN identifier, the LAC and the 3G cell identity (defined in 3GPP TS 25.331).

p00365If the GANC 4510 that provides the service selects the UTRAN as the target RAT, the delivery procedure to the UTRAN is carried out. The GANC that provides service 4510 begins the preparation of the delivery indicating (in step 3) to the MSC 4520 the need for the delivery, using the required relocation and including the UTRAN cell list provided by the user equipment 4505. The GANC 4510 may include only a subset of the cell list provided by the user equipment 4505.

p00366The MSC 4520 starts the delivery procedure to the RNC 4515 target identified by the GANC that provides the service. The MSC 4520 requests (step 4) from the objective RNC 4515 to allocate the necessary resources through the relocation request. The target RNC 4520 forms a physical channel reconfiguration message with information about the allocated UTRAN resources and sends it (step 5) to the MSC 4520 through the relocation request confirmation message.

p00367The MSC 4520 then indicates (step 6) to the GANC 4510 that it provides service to deliver the user equipment to the UTRAN with the relocation command message (which includes the physical channel reconfiguration message), thus completing the preparation phase for the delivery.

p00368The GANC 4510 that provides the service transmits (step 7) the GA-CSR HANDOVER COMMAND to the user equipment with the data sent by the UTRAN on the allocation of target resources. RNS 4515 achieves (step 8) uplink synchronization on the Uu interface.

p00369The target RNC 4515 confirms (step 9) the detection of delivery to the MSC by the message to detect relocation. The MSC 4520 can now switch (step 10) the user plane to the RNS 4515.

p00370User equipment 4505 indicates (step 11) to UTRAN RNC 4515 that the delivery is complete using the delivery message to UTRAN completed. The UTRAN RNC 4515 confirms (step 12) to the MSC 4520 the completion of the delivery by means of the completed relocation message. If the user plane has not been switched in step 10, the MSC 4520 switches the user plane to the target RNS.

p00371Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (in step 13) between the user equipment 4505 and the MSC 4520 through the UTRAN RNC 4515. Upon receipt of the delivery termination confirmation, the MSC 4520 indicates (in step 15 ) to the GANC in service that releases any resource assigned to the user equipment using the release order Iu.

p00372The GANC in service 4510 then orders (step 15) the user equipment 4505 to release resources, using the message GA-CSR RELEASE. The GANC 4510 that provides service confirms (step 16) the release of resources to the MSC 4520 using the completed release message.

p00373User equipment 4505 confirms (step 17) the release of resources to the GANC in service 4510 with the message GA-CSR RELEASE COMPLETE. Finally, user equipment 4505 can unsubscribe (step 18) the GANC 4510 with the message GA-RC guaranteedTER.

N. GA-PSR connection management

p00374The GA-PSR connection of Iu mode in GAN is a logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC for the PS domain. A GA-PSR connection is established when the upper layers in user equipment request the establishment of a PS domain signaling connection and the user equipment is in GA-PSR-IDLE state, that is, there is no GA-PSR connection . When a successful response is received from the network, the GA-PSRs answer to the upper layer that the PS domain signaling connection is established and the user equipment has entered the equivalent of the RRC mode (i.e., the GA-PSR state -CONNECTED).

1. GA-PSR connection establishment

p00375Figure 46 illustrates the establishment with and without success of the GA-PSR connection in some embodiments. As shown, user equipment 4605 initiates the GA-PSR connection establishment by sending (in step 1) the GA-PSR REQUEST message to the GANC 4610. This message contains the cause of establishment indicating the reason for the GA connection establishment -PSR. When the GANC 4610 determines that the GA-PSR connection request can be accepted, the GANC 4610 signals the acceptance of the connection request to the user equipment 4605 by sending (in step 2) the GA-PSR REQUEST ACCEPT message and the equipment User enters GA-PSR-CONNECTED state. On the other hand, when the GANC 4610 determines that the GA-PSR connection request has to be rejected, the GANC 4610 sends (in step 3) a GA-PSR REQUEST REJECT message to the user equipment ZC05 indicating the cause of rejection and thus completing the procedure.

GA-PSR connection release

p00376Figure 47 shows the release of the GA-CPSR logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC in some embodiments. The following steps take place during the release. As shown, the SGSN 4715 instructs the GANC 4710 to release the PS resources assigned to the user equipment by sending (in step 1) Iu RANAP release command message to the GANC 4710.

p00377Next, GANC 4710 confirms (step 2) the release of resources to SGSN 4715 using the completed Iu release message. Next, the GANC 4710 orders (step 3) the user equipment 4705 to release resources, using the message GA-PSR CONNECTION RELEASE. Finally, user equipment 4710 confirms (step 4) the release of resources to the GANC using the GA-PSR RELEASE COMPLETE message and the GA-PSR status on the user equipment varies to idle.

p00378O. PS security mode control

p00379Figure 48 illustrates the message flow for controlling the PS security mode in some embodiments. As shown, SGSN 4815 sends the RANAP security mode command message to GANC 4810 (step 1). The message contains the integrity key (IK) and the allowed algorithms. Optionally also the encryption key (CK) and the allowed algorithms.

p00380Then, the GANC 4810 sends (in step 2) the GA-PSR SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the user equipment 4805. This message indicates the integrity and coding protection settings (that is, the settings applicable after relocation to UTRAN ) and a random number. The user equipment stores the information for possible future use after a relocation in UTRAN.

p00381Next, the user equipment 4805 computes an authentication message code (MAC) based on a random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key calculated by the user equipment. The user equipment 4805 then sends (step 3) the GA-PSR SECURITY MODE COMPLETE message to indicate to the GANC 4810 the selected algorithm and the computed MAC.

p00382The GANC 4810 then verifies the MAC using the random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key provided by the SGSN in step 1. When the GANC verifies that the MAC is correct it sends (in step 4) the message to complete security mode to SGSN 4815. The MAC demonstrates that the identity that is authenticated by the GANC is the same as the identity authenticated by the network core.

P. NAS packet switched signaling procedures

p00383Once the GA-PSR connection is established, NAS signaling can be transferred from the SGSN to the user equipment and from the user equipment to the SGSN.

1.SSNN NAS signaling to user equipment

p00384Figure 49 illustrates the SGSN NAS signaling to the PS user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, for the SGSN NAS signaling to the user equipment, the SGSN 4915 sends (step 1) a NAS PDU to the GANC via the RANAP direct transfer message. The GANC 4910 encapsulates the NAS PDU in a GA-PSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message and forwards it (step 2) to the user equipment 4905 through the existing TCP connection.

2. NAS signaling from user equipment to SGSN

p00385Figure 50 illustrates the NAS signaling of user equipment to SGSN in some embodiments. As shown, user equipment 5005 receives a request from the NAS layer to transfer an uplink NAS PDU. Assuming that the necessary connection already exists, user equipment 5005 encapsulates the NAS PDU in a GA-PSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER message and sends it (step 1) to the GANC 5010. The GANC 5010 retransmits (step 2) the message received to the SGSN 5015 that the user equipment service is providing through the RANAP direct transfer message.

Q. GA-PSR packet transport channel management procedures

p00386The GA-PSR packet transport channel (GA-PSR PTC) associates the user equipment and the network to transport the GPRS user data over the Up interface (for example, through the GAN in Iu mode) . The PTC uses the GTP-U protocol through UDP transport. The IP addresses and UDP ports assigned to the PTC on the user equipment and the network identify the addresses of the PTC endpoint during the PTC activation procedure. The UDP port number for GTP-U is defined in &amp; quot; UTRAN IU interface data transport &amp; amp; transport signaling, standard 3GPP TS 25.414, hereinafter &amp; quot; 3GPP TS 25.414 &amp; quot ;.

p00387Multiple PTC instances between a user device and the network can be activated at the same time using the same endpoint addresses. Each PTC instance is assigned a unique GTP-U tunnel endpoint identifier (one on the user equipment and one on the network) during the activation procedure. The user equipment and the GANC manage the activation and deactivation of the PTC instances based on the data transfer requests and the configurable PTC timer.

p003881. GA-PSR packet transport channel states

p00389The user equipment in the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state can be in one of two PTC substations: PTC-STANDBY or PTC-ACTIVE. The PTC-STANDBY substation is the initial / default PTC substation of the user equipment when it is in GA-PSR-CONNECTED state in GAN mode. The user equipment is not able to send or receive GPRS user data from or to the network. The user equipment needs to activate the PTC before sending any GPRS user data. When the user equipment successfully establishes a PTC, the user equipment changes to the PTC-ACTIVE substate.

p00390In the PTC-ACTIVE substation, the user equipment is in the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and the PTC is active between the user equipment and the network and the user equipment is able to send and receive GPRS user data from and towards the network. Some events may initiate the PTC activation of GA-PSR by the user team. These events include that the user equipment initiates the transfer of uplink user data or that the GANC initiates the activation of the PTC, for example, the user equipment receives the message GA-PSRACTIVATE-PTC-REQUEST from the GANC.

p00391If the PTC activation is successful and in parallel with the transition to the PTC-ACTIVE substation, the user equipment starts the PTC timer. When the PTC timer expires, the user equipment sends a message to the GANC to initiate PTC deactivation. If the deactivation of the PTC is successful, the user equipment changes to the PTC-STANDBY substation.

p00392During the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and the PTC-ACTIVE substation, the user equipment can receive the GA-PSR RELEASE message. In addition to the request to release the GA-PSR session, the user equipment interprets this message as an implicit PTC deactivation command.

p00393During the GAN mode, if the RR entity that provides the service to GSM-RR / UTRAN-RRC is switched, the GA-PSR disconnects from the SAP-GPRS and the user equipment enters the GERAN / UTRAN mode. Simultaneously, the user equipment will release the associated PTC regardless of the status of the PTC timer.

p00394The GA-PSR entity of the user equipment maintains a PTC for each active PDP context. The timer is restarted when any uplink user data packet is sent or a downlink user data packet is received in the PDP context. The PTC timer value is provided to the user equipment as part of the GAN registration procedure (for example in the GA-RC REGISTER ACCEPT message).

2. Initial PTC activation

p00395Figure 51 represents the initial activation procedure of the packet transport channel, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-PSR-IDLE state. As shown, the following steps are carried out. The GA-PSR connection establishment procedure is carried out (step 1) as described in the GA-PSR connection establishment subsection, above. User equipment 5105 varies to the GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and to the PTC-STANDBY substation. Next, additional PS signaling procedures are performed (step 2). The examples of these signaling procedures are illustrated in the subsections of activation of the PDP context and activation of the PDP context requested by the network.

p00396Then, SGSN 5115 initiates (step 3) the RAB allocation procedure and includes the RAB identifier, the transport layer address of the CN (IP address) and the transport association Iu of the CN (GTP terminal point identifier- U, TEID) for user data. The GANC 5110 sends (GA 4) the message GA-PSR ACTIVATE PTC REQUEST to the user equipment to request the activation of the packet transport channel. The message includes the RAB identifier, the TEID assigned by the GANC to the user equipment, and the IP address and TEID of the GANC. If the GANC is configured so that the user equipment can send PTC packets (for example GTP-U messages) directly to the SGSN (for example, according to the configuration shown in Figure 17), the GANC sets the IP address of the GANC in the IP address of the CN and the TEID of the GANC in the TEID of the CN; if not, the GANC assigns a local address as the IP address of the GANC and a TEID assigned in GANC as the TEID of the GANC and sends this information to the user equipment (for example, according to the configuration shown in Figure 18) . User equipment 5105 confirms (step 5) the activation of the PTC.

p00397The GANC 5110 sends (step 6) the RAB assignment response message to the SGSN 5115 to complete the RAB assignment procedure. If the GANC is configured to allow the SGSN 5115 to send GTP-U messages directly to the user equipment 5105 (for example, as illustrated in Figure 17), the GANC 5110 sets the RAN IP address at the address IP of the user equipment and the RAN TEID in the TEID that the GANC has assigned to the user equipment. If not, the GANC assigns a local address as the IP address of the RAN and a TEID assigned in GANC as the TEID of the RAN and sends this information to the SGSN (for example, as illustrated in Figure 18).

p00398Next, GANC 5110 indicates (step 7) the completion of the establishment of RAB to user equipment 5105 with the message GA-PSR ACTIVATE PTC COMPLETE. Once the message is received, the user equipment changes to the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer. Then, additional PS signaling procedures are carried out. In the subsections PDP context activation and PDP context activation requested by the network, below, some examples of this signaling in PS are illustrated. User equipment 5105 initiates (step 9) the transfer of uplink user data through the established PTC and the SGSN 5115 can use the same transport channel to send packets of downlink data.

3.PTC data transfer

p00399Figure 52 illustrates the transfer of GPRS user data packets through the GAN packet transport channel. This scenario assumes that user data is transported transparently between the user equipment and the network core (for example, according to the configuration illustrated in Figure 17). As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00400If necessary, the GAN PTC is established (step 1) as specified in the initial PCT activation subsection, above. Once the GA-PSR PTC is set, user equipment 5205 enters the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer. Next, the user equipment 5205 initiates (step 2) the transfer of an uplink user data packet using the standard GTP-U protocol, as specified in "GPRS Tunnelling Protocol (GTP) accross the Gn and Gp interface &amp; quot ;, 3GPP TS 29.060 standard, hereinafter &amp; quot; 3GPP TS 29.060 &amp; quot; and reset the PTC timer.

p00401Then, SGSN 5215 transfers (step 3) the downlink user data packet through the same PTC associated with the specific PDP context. Downlink user data packets are transferred using the standard GTP-U protocol as specified in 3GPP TS 29.060. Once the downlink data packet is received, the user equipment restarts the tuner of the associated PTC. Additional packets of uplink and downlink user data (step 4) are transferred through the same PTC, as described in steps 2 and 3 respectively. After each transmission / reception, the user equipment resets the PTC timer. If the configuration illustrated in Figure 18 is used, the uplink GTP-U packets are sent from the user equipment to the GANC, then retransmitted from the GANC to the SGSN. Similarly, the downlink GTP-U packets are sent from the SGSN to the GANC and then retransmitted from the GANC to the user equipment.

p004024. PTC deactivation initiated by the MS

p00403Figure 53 illustrates the scenario in which the user equipment deactivates the packet transport channel once the PTC timer ends. The user equipment is in GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and in PTC-ACTIVE substation. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00404The PTC timer associated with one of the active packet transport channels ends (step 1). The user equipment 5305 sends (GA 2) the GA-PSR DEACTIVATE PTC REQUEST message to the GANC 5310, which includes the RAB identifier to identify the PTC and indicates the normal release as a reason for deactivation. Alternatively, the user equipment may indicate the termination of the PTC timer as a reason for deactivation.

p00405Next, GANC 5310 sends (step 3) a RAB release request message to SGSN 5315 to request the release of the associated RAB. SGSN 5315 responds (step 4) with a request for RAB allocation indicating the release.

p00406The GANC 5310 responds (step 5) to the user equipment 5305 with the message GA-PSR DEACTIVATE PTC ACK to confirm that the deactivation has been successful. User equipment 5305 varies to PTC-STANDBY substation. The GANC 5310 sends (step 6) the RAB allocation response message to notify the SGSN 5315 that the RAB release procedure has been completed.

p004075. PTC reactivation initiated by the MS

p00408Figure 54 represents the scenario in which the user equipment initiates the reactivation of the packet transport channel while it is in the GA-PSR-CONNECTED and PMM-CONNECTED state in some embodiments. For example, there is a signaling connection in PS and an active PDP context between the user equipment and the CN but the PTC had previously been deactivated by the user equipment due to the termination of the PTC timer. As shown, the following steps are carried out. The user equipment is in GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and PTC-STANDBY substation. The user equipment is in PMM-CONNECTED state (for example there is a signaling connection in PS and an active PDP context).

p00409When the user equipment 5405 has a PDU to send, the user equipment 5405 sends (service 1) the service request message (with "data" as a value for the type of service) to the GANC 5410 in the message GA- PSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER. Next, the GANC 5410 forwards (step 2) the service request on the existing signaling connection to the SGSN 5415 through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00410The SGSN 5415 may optionally initiate (step 3) the security mode control procedure described in the safety mode control subsection, above. The SGSN 5415 sends (step 4) a service acceptance message to the GANC 5410. The GANC 5410 forwards (step 5) the message to the user equipment.

p00411Next, the user equipment 5405, the GANC 5410 and the SGSN 5415 establish (step 6) the GA-PSR packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3 to 7 of the initial PTC activation subsection , higher. The user equipment varies to the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer. Finally, user equipment 5405 sends (upstream) the uplink PDU. Additional data transfers may occur.

p004126. PTC deactivation initiated by the network

p00413Figure 55 represents the scenario in which the network initiates the deactivation of the packet transport channel in some embodiments. The user equipment is in GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and in PTC-ACTIVE substation. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00414Optionally, the GANC 5510 can initiate the PTC deactivation procedure, for example due to an error management procedure. If this is so, the GANC 5510 sends (step 1) the RAB release request message to the SGSN 5515.

p00415SGSN 5515 sends (step 2) a RAB allocation request to request the release of the associated RAB. The release request may include one or more RAB. Next, GANC 5510 requests the deactivation of the associated GA-PSR PTC through (step 3) of the GA-PSR DEACTIVATE PTC REQUEST message sent to user equipment 5505.

p00416User equipment 5505 varies to the PTC-STANDBY substate, stops the PTC timer and returns (step 4) the confirmation to the GANC. Steps 3 and 4 are repeated for each additional RAB / PTC that has to be released. Finally, GANC 5510 notifies (step 5) to SGSN 5515 that the release has been carried out successfully.

p004177. PTC reactivation initiated by the network

p00418Figure 56 depicts the scenario in which the network initiates the reactivation of the packet transport channel while the user equipment is in the GA-PSR-CONNECTED and PMM-CONNECTED states in some embodiments. For example, there is a signaling connection in PS and an active PDP context between the user equipment and the CN, but the PTC had previously been deactivated. The user equipment is in GA-PSR-CONNECTED state and PTC-STANDBY substation. The user equipment is in PMM-CONNECTED state (for example there is a signaling connection in PS and an active PDP context). As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00419When the SGSN 5615 has a PDU to be sent to the user equipment 5605, the SGSN 5615 can optionally initiate (step 1) the security mode control procedure described in the safety mode control subsection, above . User equipment 5605, GANC 5610 and SGSN 5615 establish (step 2) the GA-PSR packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3 to 7 of the initial PTC activation sub-section, higher. The user equipment varies to the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer. The SGSN 5615 then sends (downlink 3) the downlink PDU. In addition, additional data transfers may occur.

8. Implicit PTC deactivation due to deregistration of user equipment

p00420As part of the deregistration procedure in the GAN, the GANC needs to release all resources allocated to the user equipment. The registration of the GAN can be initiated explicitly by the user equipment,

p00421or the GANC implicitly if a loss in the signaling connection is detected (as described in the deregistration section, above). Figure 57 illustrates the PTC deactivation implicit in some embodiments. Initially, one or more GA-PSR PTCs associated with a user equipment are in PTC-ACTIVE state. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00422The procedure for unregistering the GAN for the user equipment 5705 is initiated (step 1) either by the user equipment 5705 or by the GANC 5710. Optionally, any pending resource associated with the CS domain is released ( Step 2).

p00423The GANC 5710 starts (step 3) the Iu release procedure to release the corresponding RABs. SGSN 5715 responds (step 4) with the Iu release command.

p00424Once the Iu release command is received, GANC 5710 deactivates all associated PTCs locally (step 6) and responds (step 6) to SGSN 5715 with the complete Iu release message .

R. PDP context activation

p00425Figure 58 illustrates the successful activation procedure of the PDP context initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-PSR-IDLE state. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00426The GA-PSR connection establishment procedure is carried out (step 1) as described in the GA-PRS connection establishment subsection, above. The GANG 5810 establishes an SCCP connection with the SGSN and forwards (step 2) the service request message (with "signaling" as the value for the type of service) to the SGSN 5815 by means of the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between the user equipment and the network core will be sent between the GANC and the SGSN through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00427The SGSN 5815 can optionally authenticate (step 3) the user equipment using the standard authentication procedures of the UTRAN. The SGSN 5615 may optionally initiate (step 4) the security mode control procedure described in the safety mode control subparagraph, above. SGSN 5815 responds (step 5) with a service acceptance message. The GANC 5810 forwards (step 5) the message to the user equipment 5805.

p00428The user equipment 5805 then sends (step 6) to the SGSN 5815 the PDP context activation request message with the PDP context data. The message is contained in GA-PSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 5805 and the GANC 5810. The GANC 5810 forwards (step 6) a PDP context activation request message to the SGSN 5815.

p00429Next, user equipment 5805, GANC 5810 and SGSN 5815 establish (step 7) the GA-PSR packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3 to 7 of initial PTC activation , higher. SGSN 5815 indicates (step 8) that the establishment of the PDP context is complete, by means of the acceptance message of the activation of the PDP context sent to the GANC. The GANC forwards this message to the user equipment in the GA-PSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message. Finally, user equipment 5805 and CN 5815 exchange (step 9) the transfer of user data through the established PTC.

S. Activation of the PDP context requested by the network

p00430Figure 59 illustrates the successful procedure of activating the PDP context requested by the network in some embodiments, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-PSR-IDLE state. Initially, the SGSN receives downlink user data to transfer to the user equipment while the associated RAB is not established. The user equipment is in PMM-IDLE state. As shown, SGSN 5915 sends (step 1) the RANAP paging message to user equipment 5905 through GANC 5910 to locate the user. The paging request indicates the pagination for PS domain signaling.

p00431The GANC 5910 forwards (step 2) the paging information to the user equipment 5905 in the message GA-PSR PAGING REQUEST. The GA-PSR connection establishment procedure is carried out (step 3) as described in the GA-PSR connection establishment subsection, above. Alternatively, instead of using the GA-PSR connection establishment procedure, user equipment 5905 can send the GA-PSR PAGING RESPONSE message (step 3) and then change to the GA-PSR CONNECTED state.

p00432The GANG 5910 establishes an SCCP connection with the SGSN and forwards (I pass the service request message (with "Paging response" as the value for the type of service) to the SGSN 5915 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. Following NAS messages between user equipment 5905 and network core 5915 will be sent between GANC 5910 and SGSN 5915 via the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00433SGSN 5915 can optionally authenticate (step 5) user equipment 5905 using the standard authentication procedures of the UTRAN. The SGSN 5915 can optionally initiate (step 6) the security mode control procedure described in the safety mode control subsection, above.

p00434Next, the SGSN 5915 sends (step 7) the PDP context activation request message to the GANC 5910. The GANC 5910 forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment 5905 in the GA-PSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message. User equipment 5905 sends (PD8) to SGSN 5915 the PDP context activation request message with the PDP context data. The message is contained in the GA-PSR UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC 5910 forwards (step 8) the PDP context activation request message to the SGSN 5915.

p00435User equipment 5905, GANC 5910 and SGSN 5915 establish (step 9) the GA-PRS packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3 to 7 of the initial PTC activation subparagraph, more up. SGSN 5915 indicates to the GANC (step 10) that the establishment of the PDP context has been completed by the PDP context activation acceptance message. The GANC forwards this message to the user equipment in the GA-PSR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message. Finally, user equipment 5905 and SGSN 5915 exchange (step 11) the transfer of user data through the established PTC.

T. SRNS relocation between UTRAN and GAN

p00436The SRNS relocation procedure is carried out to move one or more PS sessions between the IU GAN and the UTRAN. Relocates the IU-PS connection point of the GAN / UTRAN (in all cases) and the SGSN (only in the case of relocation in SGSN).

p00437This document does not describe support for the Iu interface between UTRAN and GAN. Therefore, delivery without combined continuity and SRNS relocation is only applicable for GAN-UTRAN SRNS relocation. As a consequence, only the type of relocation "EU Envolved" is supported.

p004381.Rellocation of SRNS from UTRAN to GAN

a) Preparation phase

p00439Figure 60 illustrates the SRTR relocation phase of UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00440The user equipment 6005 has one or more active PDP contexts with RABs active in the UTRAN. Next, the user equipment 6005 detects a GAN 6015, performs (step 2) the registration procedures and enters the GA-RC-REGISTERED state with valid GAN cell identity information.

p00441The measurement control message (step 3) from RNC 6010 to user equipment 6005 includes the identity of the GAN cell. The user equipment begins to include the information of the GAN cell in the measurement report sent (step 3a) to the RNC. In this message, set the signal strength indicator of the GAN cell to the highest possible value.

p00442Next, RNC 6010 decides to initiate a delivery without combined continuity and an SRNS relocation procedure. The decision is made based on the measurement reports and the specific criteria of the manufacturer / operator. Once the RNC 6010 decides to start the relocation, it sends (step 4) the necessary relocation message to the SGSN.

p00443[412] The SGSN 6020 determines that the target cell is the GANC, based on the content of the necessary relocation message. The SGSN 6020 then sends (step 5) the relocation request to the GANC 6015.

p00444Upon receipt of the relocation request message, the GANC 6015 will establish (step 6) the packet transport channel (s) as described in steps 4, 5 and 7 of the PTC initial activation sub-section, more above, as necessary, with the appropriate attributes defined in the message. The GANC 6015 will then send (step 6a) the confirmation of the relocation request to the SGSN.

p00445b) Execution phase

p00446Figure 61 illustrates the execution phase of SRTR relocation from UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00447Upon receipt of the positive confirmation of the GANC 6115 to serve the user equipment 6105, the SGSN 6120 starts the execution phase by sending (step 1) the relocation command to the RNC 6110. The RNC 6110 orders the user equipment 6105 to initiate the physical layer switching to move to the GAN using the message (step 2a) of reconfiguration of the physical channel.

p00448When the quality of service attributes of any of the active RABs require delivery in sequence of lossless SDU (lossless PDCP), then RNC 6110 begins to resend (step 2b) the GTP PDUs to the GANC 6115 while they are still transmitting them in the direction of the downlink to the user equipment 6105. Said forwarding is routed through the Iu-PS interface. The GANC can buffer, transmit on the downlink or discard these forwarded GTP PDUs, depending on the quality of service profile, the network conditions and if it supports relocation without loss. The implementation is specific to the manufacturer and / or operator. In addition, the GANC may delay the start of downlink transmission to step 5, below, to synchronize the GTP-U sequence numbers.

p00449The RNC sends (in steps 2c and 3a) the message forward SRNS context to the GAN through the SGSN. In this message, the old SRNC indicates the next expected number of uplink and downlink GTP-U packets to the GANC. If the quality of service attributes need and the GANC supports lossless relocation, then these sequence numbers are used to ensure sequential deliveries of the GTP PDUs.

p00450Immediately after receiving the reconfiguration message of the physical channel, the user equipment 6105 sends (message 3b) the GA-PSR-HANDOVER COMPLETE message to the GANC 6115. Once this message is received and the SRNS context forwarding message sent from SGSN 6120 (step 3a), GANC 6115 becomes the RNC that provides the service.

p00451Immediately after receiving the GA-PSR-HANDOVER-COMPLETE message from the user equipment, the GANC 6115 sends the message to detect relocation to SGSN 6120 (step 4). When the user equipment supports lossless relocation and one or more RAB quality of service attributes needs it, the user equipment initiates (step 5) a GTP-U sequence number exchange procedure with the GANC over the new PTC settled down. When the GANC 6115 supports lossless relocation and one or more RAB quality of service attributes requires it, it can also initiate a GTP-U sequence number exchange procedure if the user equipment has not yet started the procedure.

p00452Once the GTP-U sequence number exchange procedure is completed, the GANC 6115 sends (step 6) the complete relocation message to the SGSN. If the exchange of the GTP-U sequence number is not performed (either due to lack of support in the user equipment and / or the GAN or because the quality of service attributes do not need it), then the complete relocation message is send immediately after the relocation detection message. RABs and active PDP contexts are now moved between the user equipment, the GANC and the SGSN. The SGSN 6120 then releases (step 7) the Iu-PS connection with the old RNC 6110. When the routing area of ​​the GANC cell (as indicated by the GANC to the user equipment) is different from that under the old RNC , the user equipment 6105 carries out (step 8) a routing area update procedure.

p004532.SRSN relocation from GAN to UTRAN

a) Preparation phase

p00454Figure 62 illustrates the SRNS relocation preparation phase of GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00455User equipment 6205 is (step 1) in an exchange of active packet streams with active PDP context (s) and PTC in the GAN. The GANC 6215 can send (step 2) a GA-RRC UPLINK QUALITY INDICATION if there are problems with the quality of the uplinks during the current session. The indication of the quality of the uplinks is information sent by the GANC 6215 to the user equipment 6205 in which it indicates the transfer of the quality threshold of an uplink in the uplink direction. When the user equipment receives an indication of poor quality, the relocation procedure should begin as detailed in the next step. Alternatively, the user team can use their local measurements to decide to start the delivery procedure.

p00456Next, the user team decides to initiate a GNS SRNS relocation to UTRAN by sending (GA 3) the message GA-PSR-HANDOVER-INFORMATION to GANC 6215. The specific criteria for making this decision would include the assumption in which the team user leaves the GAN coverage (for example, based on a loss of quality of the WLAN signal).

p00457The GANC 6215 selects a target RNC based on the contents of the GA-PSR-HANDOVER-INFORMATION message (for example, the RNC that serves the cell identified by the user equipment as having the best signal quality). The GANC 6215 sends (necessary step 4) the relocation message needed to the SGSN 6220 with the information of the selected RNC.

p00458The SGSN 6220 sends (step 5) a relocation request to the target RNC 6210. The RNC 6210 carries out (step 6) the necessary allocation of the Iu and wireless transport resources and returns (step 7) the relocation request confirmation message to the SGSN. This message contains the pipeline information that the user equipment needs to access the UTRAN.

p00459b) Execution phase

p00460Figure 63 illustrates the execution phase of relocating SRNS GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. As shown, the following steps are carried out.

p00461The SGSN 6320 starts the execution phase by issuing (step 1) a relocation command to GANC 6315. The message contains the channel access information in the target UTRAN cell. The GANC 6315 sends (step 2a) the GA-PSR-HANDOVER-COMMAND to the user equipment 6305. The message contains the information of the relocation command previously received in step 1. The GANC may suspend the transfer of the GTP PDU from downlink at this time. If the GANC supports SRNS relocation without loss and the service quality requirements of the existing RABs so request, the GANC can initiate (step 2) the forwarding of the GTP PDU to the target RNC 6310 through the SGSN 6320.

p00462The GANC 6315 also sends (message 2b and 3) the message to forward SRNS context to the target RNC through the SGSN. As shown, the GANC sends the message to forward the SRNS context (step 2b) to the SGSN and the SGSN retransmits (step 3) the message to forward the SRSN context to the target RNC.

p00463When the GA-PSR-HANDOVER-COMMAND is received, the user equipment immediately suspends the transfer of the uplink GTP PDU. Then you start accessing the UTRAN using the access parameters of the channel indicated in the message. Node B and RNC 6310 detect the attempted access of the user equipment and report (step 4) to SGSN 6320 by the message to detect relocation.

p00464The user equipment completes the installation and configuration of the lower layer and sends (reconfigure step 5a) to the target RNC 6310 the complete RRC physical channel reconfiguration message. This causes the RNC 6310 to send (step 5b) the complete relocation message to the SGSN 6320. At this stage, the target RNC assumes the role of SRNC for the user equipment.

p00465The packet data flow is now (step 6) active through the UTRAN. Next, the SGSN releases the Iu-PS connection by sending (step 7a) an Iu release command message to the GANC, to which the GANC responds (step 7b) with a complete release message. If the routing area of ​​the cell that is under the target RNC is different from that existing under the old GANC cell, the user equipment 6305 performs (routing 8) a routing area update procedure.

U. Short Message Service (SMS)

p00466The GAN provides support for both the circuit switched and packet switched SMS service. User equipment connected to the GAN may send and receive SMS through the GAN.

1.SMS based on CS

p00467Support for CS-based SMS in the GAN is based on the same mechanism used for mobility management in CS and call control. On the part of the user team, the SMS layers (including the sublayer support functions for call management) use the services of the MM layer to transfer the SMS messages through the standard UMTS implementation in a switched circuit.

p00468The SM-CP protocol is effectively tunneled between the user equipment and the CN, by means of the GA-CSR UPLINK DIRECT TRANSFER and GA-CSR DOWNLINK DIRECT TRANSFER messages between the user equipment and the GANC, where the GANC relays the SM- messages CP through RANAP messages on the Iu-CS interface. As in the case of mobility management and call control procedures, the IPSec secure tunnel and the TCP session are used to provide secure and reliable SMS sending over the IP network.

2.SMS based on PS

p00469PS-based message transfer relies on the same mechanism as the transfer of mobility management messages on PS and session management signaling. On the part of the user team, the SMS layers (including the sublayer support functions for call management) use the services of the GA-PRS layer to transfer the SMS messages through the standard UMTS implementation in switched packet. As with mobility management and session management signaling, the secure IPSec tunnel and the TCP session are used to provide secure and reliable PS-based SMS sending over the IP network.

<dl><dt>SAW. </dt><dd>CONFIGURATION INFORMATION </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TO. </dt><dd>GAN UARFCN and the primary interference code for delivery to GAN </dd></dl>

p00470In some embodiments, the UMTS absolute frequency radio channel number (UARFCN) follows these guidelines:

<dl><dt>1. </dt><dd>The UARFCN should be assigned from the assigned UARFCN values ​​of the operator. </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>2. </dt><dd>It is desirable that the UARFCN be the same unique number in the entire operator network to minimize the effort of the RNC configuration. </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>3. </dt><dd>The primary interference code (with possible values ​​from 0 to 511) should not be assigned from the values ​​in use by the operator, for example, codes used in macrocells. </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>4. </dt><dd>It is desirable that the primary interference code be the same unique number in the entire operator network to minimize the effort of the RNC configuration. </dd></dl>

p00471Other options are discussed in greater detail below.

p004721.Option 1

p00473Some embodiments assign the GAN UARFCN from the DCS band that is used for GSM. This could mean that the downlink UARFCNs are in the range of 1162 to 1513 both included. In this case, there is no restriction in the selection of the primary interference code (PSC) specific to the GAN. Any of these 512 values ​​can be used in the chosen UARFCN.

p00474When the initial UMTS deployments are in the 1,900MHz band, an analogous approach can be used, specifically the use of UARFCNs from the 850MHz band. That would give GAN UARFCN a range of 4357 to 4458 both included. Alternatively, UARFCNs can also be specified from a PCS subband that is not UMTS technology. Again, there are no restrictions on choosing the PSC in a specific GAN UARFCN.

p004752.Option 2

p00476The strategy in this case is to take advantage of the unpaired TDD spectrum and use the UARFCN ranges for GAN purposes. Many operators, as part of the UMTS auction, won a 5MHz unpaired TDD spectrum in addition to one or more FDD pairs. The TDD spectrum has remained unused and is likely to remain so in the immediate future.

p00477Even if a given operator does not have any TDD spectrum in a particular market, any unused TDD spectrum of any operator in the market can be used, since the fact that a user equipment performs a cell search is a procedure without interference and completely harmless Even if a 5MHz unpaired TDD is used in UTRAN TDD mode, it is likely that an FDD device fails above the initial synchronization in the PHY layer. Many of the devices planned for the immediate future are FDD.

p00478If the devices support these values ​​semantically, and these UARFCNs are effectively defined in 3GPP and the infrastructure providers allow to supply these UARFCN ranges in their systems, then this option is plausible. The ranges of UARFCN in this case are: 9504 to 9596 and 10054 to 10121. As in the case of option 1, there are no restrictions on the selection of PSC of the GAN.

p004793.Option 3

p00480This plan requires the use of UARFCN of the FDD spectrum at rest for GAN purposes. The spectrum &amp; quot; idle &amp; quot; It may or may not belong to a specific operator. In many parts of Europe and Asia, FDD spectra are still unused due to auction bidders who have run out of activity or businessmen who prefer not to deploy services yet due to costs and the lack of necessary material.

<dl><dt>VII. </dt><dd>Identifiers in GAN </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TO. </dt><dd>Identifiers for user equipment and generic access IP network </dd></dl>

p00481The key user equipment and the generic access IP network that direct the parameters are the IMSI associated with the (U) SIM in the terminal, the public IP address of the user equipment and the point of the generic access IP network of the connection addresses During the registration procedure, the user equipment provides the GANC with the IMSI associated with the (U) SIM. The GANC maintains a history of each registered user equipment. For example, the GANC uses the IMSI to index the record of the appropriate user equipment when the GANC receives a RAGAP PAGING message.

p00482The public IP address of the user equipment is the source IP present in the IP header of external packets received from the user equipment by the GANC-SEGW. If available, the GANC can use this identifier to support fraud location and detection services or it can be used by service providers to indicate the IP flows of managed IP networks that require a specific quality of service treatment.

p00483The generic IP access point of the connection address (AP-ID) is provided by the user equipment to the GANC in the registry. The GANC may use the AP-ID to support location services or by the service provider to restrict access to GAN only to authorized access points.

p00484B. Service area identifiers for GAN

p004851 GAN Service Area for location and billing services

p00486The service area identifiers (UPS) in UMTS can be used to carry out routing based on the location of a service call, such as emergency services, operators, communications and toll free numbers. The network core can also use the UPS to identify the location of the origin / termination of a call for collection purposes. The GANC provides a UPS to the network core in which it indicates the GAN service area in Iu mode.

p00487a) GAN UPS allocation based on the location of UTRAN / GERAN

p00488In the GAN architecture in Iu mode, the user equipment has a direct connection to the IP-based GANC. The coverage area of ​​the GAN can be superimposed over the coverage area of ​​UTRAN / GERAN The logical distribution of GAN cells to a UPS can be completed in several ways, for example (but not limited to): (1) a GAN UPS for each UTRAN / GERAN cell, (2) a GAN UPS for each UTRAN / GERAN routing area, or (3) a GAN UPS for each UTRAN / GERAN location area. A single GANC could represent one or more UPS in one or more location areas (LAI).

VIII. ALTERNATIVE REALIZATIONS

p00490In some embodiments, instead of using the CSR and PRS protocols separately, as described in previous sections, a single protocol, the generic access radio resource control (GA-RRC), is used. The following sections describe the architecture and characteristics of the message delivery of this protocol layer. Only those characteristics different from the previous embodiments are described.

p00491A. Control architecture and user plane

p00492The Iu interface standards include support for ATM and IP-based signaling and user data transport mechanisms.

p004931. Switched circuit domain (CS)

p00494a) CS domain - control plane

p00495Figure 64 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the CS domain control plane in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers for the user equipment 6405, the generic IP network 6410, the GANC 6415 and the MSC 6420. Figure 64 also shows the two interfaces Up 6425 and Iu-CS 6430. The main features of the architecture of the CS domain control plane of the GAN are shown below. The underlying 6435 access and IP 6440 transport layers provide generic connectivity between user equipment 6405 and GANC 6415. The IPSec 6445 layer provides encryption and data integrity between user equipment 6405 and GANC 6415. The 6450 remote IP layer is the "internal" IP layer. for the PSec tunnel mode and is used by the 6405 user equipment to be managed by the GANC 6415. The remote IP layer 6450 is configured during the establishment of the IPSec connection.

p00496In some embodiments, a single TCP 6455 connection is used to provide reliable transport for both GA-RC 6460 and GA-RRC signaling between user equipment 6405 and GANC 6415. The GA-RC 6460 manages the TCP connection 6455 and transports it through the remote IP layer 6450.

p00497The generic access resource control protocol (GA-RC) 6460 manages the Up session, including the GAN detection and registration procedures. The generic access radio resource control protocol (GA-RRC) 6465 performs a function equivalent to the UMTS-RRC protocol, using the underlying connection managed by the GA-RC 6460 sublayer. Note that the GA-RRC 6465 includes both signaling messages related to the service in CS and PS. The GANC 6415 terminates the GA-RRC 6465 protocol and interconnects it to the RANAP 6470 protocol over the Iu-CS 6430 interface. NAS protocols, such as MM 6475 and higher, are transported transparently between user equipment 6405 and MSC 6420. In some embodiments, the Iu-CS 6495 signaling transport layers are per SGPP TS 25.412.

p00498b) CS domain - user plane

p00499Figure 65 illustrates the architecture protocol of the GAN supporting the user domain control plane of CS in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers for the user equipment 6505, the generic IP network 6510, the GANC 6515 and the MSC 6520. Figure 65 also shows the two interfaces Up 6525 and Iu-CS 6530. The main features of the architecture of the CS domain user plane of the GAN are shown below. The underlying 6535 access and IP 6540 transport layers provide generic connectivity between the 6505 user equipment and the GANC 6515.

p00500The IPSec 6545 layer provides encryption and data integrity. The data of the CS domain user plane is transported using the 6550 protocol of the Iu user plane (Iu IP) over RTP / UDP (6555 and 6560) between the user equipment 6505 and the MSC 6520. Each instance of the Iu protocol UP 6550 can operate in both transparent and support mode, as described in &amp; quot; UTRAN Iu interface user plane protocols &amp; quot ;, standard.3GPP TS

p0050125,415. The MSC indicates to the GANC the mode option through RANAP and the GANC to the user equipment through GA-RRC. Support for the AMR FR codec, as specified in &amp; quot; AMR speech codec; General description &amp; quot ;, 3GPP TS 26.071 standard, is mandatory when operating in GAN mode, while support for other codecs is optional. In some embodiments, the Iu-CS 6595 data transport layers are per SGPPTS 25,414.

p00502Some embodiments using the GA-RRC protocol establish a protocol stack for the GANC other than the protocol stack shown for the GANC 6515. In these embodiments, the GANC protocol stack is similar to the GANC 1115 protocol stack illustrated in Figure 11. In these embodiments, the GANC has additional remote IP, UDP and RTP protocol layers over the IPSec 6545 layer. The GANC also has the additional Iu UP protocol layer over the data transport layer 6595. As in the case of the GANC 1115 illustrated in Figure 11, the GANC in these interoperA embodiments in the CS domain user plane between the RTPAJDP and the user plane protocol Iu.

p005032. Switched packet domain (PS)

p00504a) Switched Package Domain - User Plan

p00505Figure 66 illustrates the GAN architecture supporting the PS domain control plane in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers for the user equipment 6565, the generic IP network 6610, the GANC 6615 and the SGSN 6620. Figure 66 also shows the two interfaces Up 6625 and Iu-PS 6630. The main characteristics of the PS domain control plane architecture of the GAN are shown below. The functions of GA-RRC 6635 and the underlying layers are described in subsection VIll.AIa: "Domain-Control Plane", above. The functionality of the GA-RRC 6635 protocol is equivalent to that of the UTRAN RRC protocol, using the underlying Up session managed by the GA-RC 6640. The GA-RRC 6635 includes signaling messages related to the CS and PS service.

p00506The GANC 6615 terminates the GA-RRC 6635 protocol and interconnects it to the RANAP 6645 protocol over the Iu-PS 6630 interface. NAS protocols, such as GMM, SM and SMS 6650, are transported transparently between the 6605 user equipment and SGSN 6620. In some embodiments, the Iu-PS 6695 signaling transport layers are per SGPP TS 25.412.

p00507b) PS Domain - User Plan

p00508Figure 67 illustrates the architecture of the GAN by supporting the PS domain user plane in some embodiments. The figure shows different protocol layers for the user equipment (UE) 6705, generic IP network 6710, GANC 6715 and SGSN 6720. Figure 67 also shows the two interfaces Up 6725 and Iu-PS 6730. The main characteristics of the PS GAN domain user plane architecture are shown below. The underlying 6735 access and IP 6740 transport layers provide generic connectivity between the 6705 user equipment and the GANC 6715. The IPSec 6745 layer provides encryption and data integrity. The GTP-U 6750 protocol operates between the user equipment 6705 and the SGSN 6720, transporting the upper layer load (for example: data from the PS 6755 domain user plane) through the Up 6725 and Iu- interfaces PS 6730. The user data is transported transparently between the user equipment 6705 and the network core. In some embodiments, the lower data transport layers of Iu-PS 6795 are per SGPPTS 25,414.

p00509Some embodiments that use the GA-RRC protocol establish a protocol stack for the GANC other than the protocol stack shown for the GANC 6715. In these embodiments, the GANC protocol stack is similar to the GANC 1815 protocol stack. illustrated in Figure 18. In these embodiments, the GANC has additional remote IP, UDP and GTP-U protocol layers over the IPSec 6745 layer. In these embodiments, the GTP-U layer in the user equipment and the GTP-U over the UDP layer in the GANC are part of the GA-RRC protocol. The GANC also has the additional layers IP, UDP and GTP-U on the lower layers of data transport 6795.

p005103.GA-RC (Generic Access - Resource Control)

p00511The GA-RC protocol provides a resource management layer with the following functions: Detection and registration in the GANC, registration update with the GANC, level maintenance application with the GANC and support for the identification of the access point ( AP) used to access the GAN.

p00512b) GA-RC sublayer states

p00513Figure 68 illustrates the GA-RC sublayer in the user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, the GA-RC sublayer in the user equipment can be found in one of these two states: GA-RC-pending 6805 or GA-RC-REGISTERED 6010. During the GA-RC-accurately 6805 state, the User equipment can be found in a GAN coverage area; however, the user equipment has not been successfully registered in the GANC. The user equipment can initiate the registration process in the GAN while it is in the GA-RC-pending 6805 state. The user equipment returns to the GA-RC-successful 6805 state when it loses the TCP or IPSec connection or when executing the unsubscribe from the GAN.

p00514In the GA-RC-REGISTERED 6810 state, the user equipment is registered in the GANC that provides the service. The user equipment has established an IPSec tunnel and a TCP connection with the GANC that provides the service through which the user equipment can exchange GA-RC or GA-RRC signaling messages with the GANC. While the user equipment is in the GA-RC REGISTERED 6850 state, it performs application level maintenance with the GANC.

p00515In the GA-RC-REGISTERED state, the user equipment can be either in UTRAN / GERAN 6815 mode or GAN 6820 mode. The user equipment (1) can be passive in the GERAN or UTRAN and at rest, (2) it can be active in the GERAN or the UTRAN (for example, a GSM RR or UTRAN RRC connection can be established), (3) it may have "entered" in GAN mode, or (4) there may have been "out" recently in the GAN mode (for example, due to a delivery from GAN).

p005164.GA-RRC (Generic Access - Radio Resources Control)

p00517The GA-RRC protocol provides a resource management layer, which replaces the UTRAN-RRC and has the following functions: (1) configuration of traffic transport channels in CS and PS between the user equipment and the GANC, ( 2) PS traffic flow control, (3) CS and PS delivery support between UTRAN / GERAN and GAN, (4) direct transfer of NAS messages between the user equipment and the network core and (5 ) other functions such as paging and security settings.

p00518b) GA-RRC sublayer states

p00519The GA-RRC sublayer in the user equipment can be found in two states, GA-RRC-IDLE 6825 or GA-RRC-CONNECTED 6830 as illustrated in Figure 68. The user equipment varies to the GA-RRC-IDLE 6825 state when the user equipment switches the RR entity that provides the service to GA-RRC and SAP is activated between NAS and GA-RRC. Switching may occur only when the GA-RC is in the GA-RC-REGISTERED state. The user equipment varies from the GA-RRC-IDLE 6825 state to the GA-RRC-CONNECTED 6830 state when the GA-RRC connection is established and returns to the GA-RRC-IDLE state when the GA-RRC connection is released. Once the GA-RRC connection is released, the indication that there is no dedicated resource is transmitted to the upper layers. The user equipment can also enter the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state while in the GA-RC REGISTERED state in GERAN / UTRAN mode when a delivery to the GAN is being carried out. In the same way, the user equipment enters the GA-RC-REGISTERED state in GERAN / UTRAN mode from the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state when the delivery from the GAN is executed successfully.

p00520B. High level procedures

p005211. GA-RRC connection management

p00522The GA-RRC connection is a logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC, both for the CS and PS domain. It is set when the upper layers in the user equipment request GA-RRC to establish a signaling connection and the user equipment is in idle mode (without RRC connection). When a response is received from the network, GA-RRC responds to the upper layer that has entered the RRC connection mode. The upper layers can then request the transmission of NAS messages to the network.

p00523a) GA-RRC connection establishment

p00524i GA-RRC connection establishment initiated by the

p00525User equipment

p00526Figure 69 illustrates the successful (and unsuccessful) establishment of the GA-RRC connection when initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. User equipment 6905 starts the establishment of the GA-RRC connection by sending (message 1) the GA-RRC REQUEST message to the GANC 6910. This message contains the reason for establishing the reason for establishing the GA connection. -RRC. The message also includes the domain indicator (CS or PS). The GANC 6910 indicates the response successfully to the user equipment 6905 by sending (step 2) the GA-RRC REQUEST ACCEPT and the user equipment 6905 enters the mode connected to the GA-RRC. Alternatively, the GANC 6910 can return (step 4) a GA-RRC REQUEST REJECT indicating the reason for rejection.

p00527ii) Establishment of the GA-RRC connection initiated by the network

p00528Figure 70 illustrates the successful establishment of the GA-RRC connection when initiated by the network in some embodiments. The CN 7015 sends (step 1) a RANAP paging message to the GANC 7010 identified through the last location update received and includes the TMSI if available. The IMSI of the paged user team is always included in the request, as well as the domain indicator (CS or PS). A pagination reason may be included.

p00529Next, the GANC 7010 identifies the registration context of the user equipment using the IMSI provided by CN 7015. Next, page (step 2) the user equipment 7005 using the GA-RRC PAGING REQUEST message. User equipment 7005 responds (step 3) with the message GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER containing a NAS message appropriate to the domain indicator (CS or PS) and reason. Alternatively, the user equipment 7005 responds (step 3) with a GA-RRC PAGING RESPONSE message containing a NAS message, the domain indicator (for example CS or PS) and the reason. User equipment7005 enters mode connected to GA-RRC. The GANC 7010 establishes an SCCP connection with the CN 70015. The GANC 7010 then forwards (step 4) the NAS message to the CN 7015 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between the user equipment and the network core will be sent between the GANC and the CN through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00530b) GA-RRC connection release

p00531Figure 71 shows the release of the GA-RRC logical connection between the user equipment and the GANC in some embodiments. CN 7115 indicates (step 1) to GANC 7110 to release the user plane connection assigned to user equipment 7115 through the release command message Iu RANAP. The GANC 7110 confirms (step 2) the release of the resource to CN 7115 using the complete release message Iu 7125.

p00532Next, the GANC 7110 orders (step 3) the user equipment 7105 to release resources, using the message GA-RRC CONNECTION RELEASE. User equipment 7105 confirms (step 4) the release of resources to GANC 7110 using the message GA-RRC CONNECTION RELEASE COMPLETE and the GA-RRC status on the user equipment varies to idle.

p005333.Security mode control

p00534Figure 72 illustrates the message flow for security mode control in some embodiments. The CN 7215 sends (RANAP 1) the RANAP security mode command message to the GANC 7210. The message contains the integrity key (IK) and the allowed algorithms. Optionally also the encryption key (CK) and the allowed algorithms. The GANC 7210 sends (message 2) the GA-RRC SECURITY MODE COMMAND message to the user equipment 7205. This message indicates the integrity protection and encryption settings (for example, that are applied after relocation to UTRAN) and a random number. User equipment 7205 stores the information for possible future use after delivery to UTRAN.

p00535Next, the user equipment 7205 computes a MAC based on a random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key calculated by the user equipment. User equipment 7205 then sends (step 3) the message GA-RRC SECURITY MODE COMPLETE to indicate the selected algorithm and the computed MAC. The GAN 7210 then verifies the MAC using the random number, the IMSI of the user equipment and the integrity key provided by the CN 7215 in step 1. If the GANC confirms that the MAC is correct, it sends (in step 4) the complete security mode message to CN 7215. The MAC shows that the identity authenticated in the GANC is the same as the identity authenticated in the network core.

p005364. GR-RRC NAS signaling processes

p00537Once the GA-RRC connection is established, NAS signaling can be transferred from the CN to the user equipment and from the UE to the CN.

p00538a) NAS NAS signaling to user equipment

p00539Figure 73 illustrates the NAS signals from the network core to the user equipment in some embodiments. For NAS signaling from the CN to the user equipment, the network core 7315 sends (step 1) a NAS PDU to the GANC via a RANAP direct transfer message. The GANC 7310 encapsulates (step 2) the NAS PDU in a GA-RR DL DIRECT TRANSFER message and forwards it to the user equipment 7305 through the existing TCP connection.

p00540b) NAS signaling from user equipment to CN

p00541Figure 74 illustrates the NAS signals from the user equipment to the network core in some embodiments. The GA-RRC layer of user equipment 7405 receives a request from the NAS layer to transfer an uplink NAS PDU. Since the MM connection (and therefore the RR signal connection) already exists, the GA-RRC of the user equipment encapsulates the NAS PDU in a GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER message and sends it (step 1) to the GANC 7410 The GANC 7410 retransmits (step 2) the message received to the network core 7415 through a RANAP 7420 direct transfer message.

p005425. CS mobile call

p00543a) The user equipment finalizes the Ip UP package

p00544Figure 75 illustrates a CS mobile calling procedure in some embodiments. The description of the procedure assumes that user equipment 7505 is in GAN mode; for example, if you have successfully registered with GANC 7510 and GA-RRC is the RR entity that serves the user equipment 7505. It also assumes that there is no GA-RRC connection between user equipment 7505 and the GANC 7510 (for example, in GA-RRC-IDLE state). The GA-RRC connection establishment procedure is carried out (step 1) as described in subsection VIII.BIai: GA-RRC connection establishment initiated by the user equipment, above. At the request of the upper layers, the user equipment 7505 sends (CM 2) the CM service request to the GANC 7510 in the message GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER.

p00545The GANG 7510 establishes an SCCP connection to CN 7515 and forwards (step 3) the CM service request to CN 7515 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between user equipment 7505 and network core 7515 will be sent between GANC 7510 and CN 7515 using the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00546The CN 7515 can optionally authenticate (step 4) the user equipment 7505 using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 7515 may, optionally, initiate (step 5) the security mode control procedure described in subsection VIII.B.3: "Security Mode Control" above.

p00547User equipment 7505 sends (configuration step 6) the configuration message providing the call data to CN 7515 and bearer capacity in addition to the supported codecs. The message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between user equipment 7505 and the GANC 7510. The GANC 7510 forwards (step 6) forwards the configuration message to CN 7515.

p00548The CN 7515 indicates (step 7) that it has received the call configuration and will not accept other call establishment information using the call procedure message to the GANC 7510. The GANC 7510 forwards (step 8) this message to the user equipment 7515 in the message GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER.

p00549CN 7515 requests (step 8) to GANC 7510 to allocate call resources using the RANAP RAB allocation request message. The CN 7515 includes the RAB identifier, the CN transport layer address (IP address) and the CN transport association Iu (UDP port number) for user data. The GANC 7510 sends (message 9) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 7505 including the bearer route configuration information received in the RAB assignment request message such as: (1) the bearer parameters radio access (RAB); for example, RAB identification, UDP port and the IP address for the RTP flow of upload links and (2) the Iu UP parameters (for example Iu UP mode, in which the support mode is used for voice calls from AMR).

p00550Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the 7505 user equipment sends (step 10) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the IP address and to the UDP port indicated in the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message. This message is addressed to network core 7515 (for example, the R4 media gateway). Network core 7515 responds (step 11) with the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. Network core 7515 sends the message to the source IP address and UDP port number of the INITIALISATION packet.

p00551User equipment 7505 sends (step 12) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to GANC 7510. The GANC indicates (step 13) to CN 7515 that the RAB has been established by means of a RANAP RAB assignment response message. The GANC 7510 indicates (step 14) the completion of the establishment of RAB to user equipment 7505 with the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE.

p00552There is now a point-to-point audio path between user equipment 7505 and CN 7515. User equipment 7505 can now connect the user to the audio path. CN 7515 signals user equipment 7505, with the alert message, that the called side is ringing. The message is transferred (step 15) to the GANC 7510 and the GANC forwards (step 15) the message to the user equipment 7505 on the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER.

p00553When user equipment 7505 has not connected the audio path to the user, it generates a return call to the calling side. If not, the return call generated by the network will be returned to the calling side. CN 7515 indicates that the called side has responded through the connect message. The message is transferred (step 16) to the GANC 7510 and the GANC forwards (step 16) the message to the user equipment 7505 on the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER 7595. User equipment 7505 connects the user to the audio path. If the 7505 user equipment is generating a return call, it stops and connects the user to the audio path.

p00554User equipment 7505 sends (connection 17) the connection confirmation message in response, and both sides are connected for the voice call. The message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 7505 and the GANC 7510. The GANC forwards (step 17) the connection confirmation message to the CN 7515. Bidirectional voice traffic flows (step 18) between user equipment 7505 and CN 7515 through GANC 7510.

p00555b) The GANC finalizes the Ip Up package

p00556Some embodiments use alternative procedures for calls originating in mobile in CS using the RRC protocol. Figure 76 illustrates the steps taken during a call originating from CS mobile in these embodiments. The procedure assumes that the user equipment is in GAN mode; For example, it has been successfully registered with the GANC and the GA-RRC is the RR entity that serves the CS services in the EU. It also assumes that there is no GA-RRC signal connection between the user equipment and the GANC (for example, GA-RRC-IDLE status). As shown, the procedure for establishing the GA-RRC connection (step 1) is performed. This procedure is carried out in some embodiments. Next, the user equipment 7605 sends the CM service request message to the GANC 7610 in the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00557Later, the GANG 7610 establishes an SCCP connection with the CN 7615 network core and forwards (step 3) the NAS PDU (for example the CM service request message) to the CN 7615 network core through the message of RANAP initial user equipment. The message includes the domain indicator whose value is set to &amp; quot; Domiino CS &amp; quot ;. The following NAS messages between the user equipment and the CN network core will be sent between the GANC and the CN network core through the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00558The CN 7615 network core can optionally authenticate (step 4) the user equipment using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 7615 network core can optionally start (step 5) the security mode control procedure. The user equipment 7605 sends (step 6) the configuration message with the data of the call to the CN network core and the capacity of its bearer in addition to the supported codecs. The message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC forwards the configuration message to the CN network core.

p00559Next, the CN 7615 network core indicates (step 7) that it has received the call configuration and will not accept additional call establishment information using the GANC call procedure message. The GANC forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment in the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00560The CN 7615 network core requests (step 8) to the GANC 7610 to allocate call resources using the RANAP RAB allocation request message. The CN 7615 network core includes the RAB identifier, the address of the CN transport layer and the CN transport association Iu of the user data, in addition to an indication that the Iu UP support mode is required between Other parameters

p00561The GANC 7610 then sends (step 9) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 7605 including the carrier path configuration information such as: (1) Channel mode, (2) multi-speed codec configuration, (3) UDP port and IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks, and (4) the size of the voice sample.

p00562Next, the user equipment 7605 sends (GA 10) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to the GANC 7610 indicating the UPD port for the RTP flow of downlinks. Since the CN network core indicates the Iu UP support mode in step 8, the GANC 7610 sends (step 11) the UP INITIALISATION packet to the CN network core.

p00563In response, the CN network core sends (step 12) the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK packet. The GANC 7610 indicates (step 13) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 7605 with the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. Alternatively, steps 11 and 12 may take place before step 9.

p00564The GANC 7610 indicates to the CN 7615 network core that the RAB has been established, sending a message (step 14) of RANAP RAB assignment response. The CN 7615 network core indicates to user equipment 3505, with the alert message, that the called side is ringing. The message is transferred (step 15) to the GANC 7610 and the GANC forwards (step 15) the message to the user equipment 7605 in the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. When the user equipment has not connected the audio path to the user, it generates a return call to the calling side. Otherwise, the return call generated by the network will be returned to the calling side.

p00565Next, the CN 7615 network core indicates that the called side has responded, through the connect message. The message is transferred (step 16) to the GANC 7610 and the GANC forwards (step 16) the message to the user equipment in the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. The user equipment connects the user to the audio path. If the user equipment is generating a return call, it stops and connects the user to the audio path.

p00566User equipment 7605 sends (connection 17) in response the connection verification message, and both sides are connected for the voice call. The message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment and the GANC. The GANC forwards the connection verification message to the CN network core. At this point, bidirectional voice traffic flows (step 18) between user equipment 7605 and network core CN 7615 through GANC 7610.

p005676. CS mobile call completion

p00568Figure 77 illustrates a CS mobile call termination procedure in some embodiments. The description of the procedure assumes that the user equipment 7705 is in GAN mode; for example, if you have successfully registered with the GANC 7710 and GA-RRC is the RR entity that serves the user equipment 7705. It also assumes that there is no GA-RRC connection between the user equipment 7705 and the GANC 7710 (for example in state GA-RRC-IDLE).

p00569A call ended by mobile arrives at CN 7715. The CN 7715 sends (step 1) a RANAP paging message to the GANC 7710 identified through the last location update received and includes the TMSI if available. The IMSI of the paged mobile is always included in the request. The GANC 7710 identifies the registration context of the user equipment using the IMSI provided by CN 7715. Next, the GANC page (step 2) the user equipment 7705 using the message GA-RRC PAGING REQUEST.

p00570If available, the message includes the TMSI in the request of CN 7715. Otherwise, the message includes only the IMSI of user equipment 7705.

p00571User equipment 7705 responds (step 3) with a GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message with the paging response. User equipment 7705 enters mode connected to GA-RRC. The GANC 7710 establishes an SCCP connection with the CN 7715. The GANC 7710 then forwards (step 4) the paging response to the CN 7715 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between user equipment 7705 and network core 7715 will be sent between GANC 7710 and CN 7715 via the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00572The CN 7715 can optionally authenticate (step 5) the user equipment 7705 using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 7715 may optionally update (step 6) the security settings on the user equipment 7705 through the GANC 7710, as described in subsection VIII.B.3: "Security Mode Control" , higher. The CN 7715 initiates the call configuration using the configuration message sent (step 7) to the user equipment 7705 through the GANC 7710. The GANC forwards (step 7) this message to the user equipment 7705 in the message GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER.

p00573The user equipment 7705 responds (step 8) with the confirmation of the call using GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER once the compatibility with the bearer service requested in the configuration has been verified and the bearer service has been modified as needed. If the configuration included the signal information element, the user equipment 7705 alerts the user with the indicated signal, and the user equipment 7705 alerts the user after the correct configuration of the user plane. The GANC 7710 forwards (step 8) the confirmed call message to CN 7715. The CN 7715 initiates (step 9) the assignment procedure with the GANC 7710 that activates the configuration of the RTP (voice bearer channel) flow between the GANC 7710 and user equipment 7705.

p00574User equipment 7705 indicates (step 10) that it is alerting the user through the alert message contained in the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER. The GANC 7710 forwards (step 10) the alert message to CN 7715. The CN 7715 sends the corresponding alert message to the calling side. User equipment 7705 indicates (step 11) that the called side has responded, through the message connect to the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER. The GANC 7710 forwards (step 11) the message connect to CN 7715. The CN 7715 sends the corresponding connect message to the calling side and through that message, connects the audio. User equipment 7705 connects the user to the audio path.

p00575The CN 7715 confirms (step 12) with the message confirmation of connection to the GANC 7710. The GANC 7710 forwards (step 12) this message to the user equipment 7705 in the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. The two sides of the call are connected to the audio path. Bidirectional voice traffic flows (step 13) between user equipment 7705 and CN 7715 through GANC 7710.

p005767. CS Call Delete

p00577Figure 78 illustrates the call removal initiated by the user equipment in some embodiments. As shown, the user equipment 7805 sends (disconnect 1) the disconnect message to CN 7815 to release the call. The message is contained in the message GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 7805 and the GANC 7810. The GANC 7810 forwards (step 1) the message disconnect to the CN 7815 (for example using the RANAP direct transfer message).

p00578The CN 7815 responds (step 2) with a release message to the GANC 7810. The GANC 7810 forwards (step 2) this message to the user equipment 7805 using the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00579User equipment 7805 responds (step 3) with the complete release message. The message is contained in the message GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 7805 and the GANC 7810. The GANC 7810 forwards (step 3) the message disconnect to the CN 7815. The CN 7815 activates (step 4) the release of the connection, as described in subsection VIll.BIb: "GA-CSR connection release".

p005808.SC delivery

p00581a) CS delivery from GERAN to GAN

p00582I) The user team finalizes the Iu UP Package

p00583Figure 79 illustrates the procedure of delivering CS from GERAN to GAN in some embodiments. The description of the GERAN delivery procedure to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the GERAN; (2) The preferred mode of selection of the user equipment is GAN, or if you prefer GERAN / UTRAN, the RxLev of the cell that provides the current service falls below a certain threshold. In some embodiments, said threshold may be a specific fixed value or a value provided by the GERAN BSS to the user equipment in dedicated mode; (3) the user equipment has been successfully registered in a GANC, so the user equipment can obtain the GAN system information; and (4) the GERAN provides information of the neighboring 3G cells, so that one of the cells in the neighboring 3G list matches the information of the 3G cell associated with the GANC, as indicated by the AS-related component of the information of systems obtained from the GANC.

p00584The user equipment begins to include (step 1) the information of the GAN cell in the measurement report message to GERAN. The user equipment reports the highest signal level of the GAN cell. This is not the real GAN ​​signal level, but an artificial value (for example RxLev = 63) that allows the user equipment to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00585The GERAN BSC decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to deliver to the GAN cell. The BSC 7920 begins to prepare the delivery by sending (step 2) a required delivery message to the CN 7915, identifying the target 3G RNC (GANC) 7910. The CN 7915 requests (step 3) to the target GANC 7910 to allocate resources for delivery by means of the relocation request message. User equipment 7905 is identified by the included IMSI parameter.

p00586The GANC 7910 sends (GA 4) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 7905 including the configuration information of the bearer route received in the relocation request message, such as: (1) the UDP port and the IP address for the RTP flow of upload links, (2) the radio access bearer parameters (RAB) and (3) Iu UP parameters (for example Iu UP mode, in which the support model is used for AMR voice calls).

p00587Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the 7905 user equipment sends (step 5) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the IP address and to the UDP port indicated in the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message. This message is addressed to network core 7915 (for example, the R4 media gateway).

p00588The 7915 network core responds (step 6) with the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. Network kernel 7915 sends the message to the source IP address and the UDP port number of the received INITIALISATION packet. User equipment 7905 sends (step 7) GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to GANC 7910. GANC 7910 forms a delivery command message to UTRAN and sends it (step 8) to CN 7915 through the request confirmation message Relocation

p00589The GANC 7910 indicates (step 9) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 7905 with the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. There is now a point-to-point audio path between user equipment 7905 and CN 7915. CN 7915 forwards (step 10) the delivery command message to UTRAN to the GERAN 7920 BSC in the delivery command message of BSSMAP, thus completing the delivery preparation.

p00590The GERAN 7920 BSC sends (step 11) to the user equipment the delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems, which contains the delivery command message to the UTRAN to initiate the delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch its audio path from GERAN to GAN until the end of delivery (for example, until it sends the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00591The user equipment accesses the GANC 7910 using (step 12) the GA-RRC HANDOVER ACCESS message and provides the complete UTRAN delivery command message between systems received from GERAN. The GANC 7910 indicates (step 13) to CN 7915 through the relocation detection message that the UE has detected. The CN 7915 can now optionally switch the user plane from the source GERAN to the target GAN. Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (step 14) between the user equipment and the CN 7915 through the GANC 7910.

p00592The user equipment transmits (step 15) the message GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure at the time of its completion. Switch the user from GERAN user plane to GAN user plane.

p00593Target GAN 7910 indicates (step 16) that the delivery is complete by the complete relocation message. The CN 7915 now switches the user GERAN origin plane to target GAN, if it had not previously done so.

p00594Finally, CN 7915 terminates (step 17) the connection to the source GERAN using the cancellation command message. The origin GERAN confirms (step 18) the release of the GERAN resources allocated for this call, using a full cancellation message.

p00595II) The GANC finalizes the Iu UP package

p00596Figure 80 illustrates an alternative delivery procedure in CS from GERAN to GAN in some embodiments. The description of the delivery procedure from GERAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the GERAN, (2) the preferred selected mode of the user equipment is GAN, or if it is GERAN / UTRAN the RxLev of the cell that provides the current service falls below a certain threshold. In some embodiments, the threshold may be a specific fixed value, or a value provided by the GERAN BSS to the user equipment in dedicated mode, (3) the user equipment has been successfully registered in a GANC, whereby the User equipment can obtain the GAN system information and (4) the GERAN provides the information of the neighboring 3G cells, so that one of the cells in the neighboring 3G list matches the information of the 3G cell associated with the GANC , as indicated by the AS-related component of the system information obtained from the GANC. As shown, the user equipment 8005 begins to include the information of the GAN cell in the measurement report message to the BSC of GERAN 8015. The user equipment 8005 reports the highest signal level of the cell of the GAN. This is not the real GAN ​​signal level, but an artificial value (for example RxLev = 63) that allows the user equipment to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00597The BSC of the GERAN 8015 decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to deliver to the GAN cell. The BSC 8015 begins preparing the delivery by sending (step 2) a required delivery message to the CN network core (8020), identifying the target 3G RNC (GANC).

p00598The network core CN (8020) requests (step 3) to the GANC 8010 to allocate the delivery resources with the relocation request message. The user equipment is identified by the included IMSI parameters.

p00599Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the GANC 8010 sends (step 4) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the CN network core. The CN network core responds (step 5) with the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package.

p00600The GANC 8010 forms a delivery command message to UTRAN and sends it (step 6) to the CN 8020 network core through the relocation request confirmation message. The CN network core forwards (step 7) the delivery command message to UTRAN to the GERAN 8015 BSC in the BSSMAP delivery command message, thus completing the delivery preparation.

p00601Next, the GERAN 8015 BSC sends (step 8) to the user equipment 8005 the delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems, with the delivery command message to the UTRAN to start the delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from GERAN to GAN until the end of delivery (for example until it sends the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00602User equipment 8005 accesses (step 9) to GANC 8010 with the message GA-RRC HANDOVER ACCESS and provides the complete delivery command message to the UTRAN between systems received from GERAN. The GANC 8010 sends (step 10) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 8005 including the carrier route configuration information such as: (1) the channel mode, (2) the codec configuration multi-speed, (3) the UDP port and the IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks and the size of the voice sample.

p00603Subsequently, the user equipment 8005 sends (step 11) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to the GANC 8010 indicating the UDP port for the downlink RTP stream. The GANC 8010 indicates (step 11) the completion of the establishment of RAB to user equipment 8005 with the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE.

p00604User equipment 8005 transmits (step 13) the message GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure at the time of its termination. The GERAN user plane user switches to the GAN user plane. The GANC 8010 indicates (step 14) to the network core CN (8020) through the relocation detection message that the user equipment has detected. The CN can now optionally switch the user plane from the source GERAN to the target GAN.

p00605Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (step 15) between user equipment 8005 and CN 8020 network core through GANC 8010. Target GAN 8010 indicates (step 16) that delivery is complete by the complete relocation message. The CN now switches the user GERAN origin plane to target GAN if it has not previously done so.

p00606The CN interrupts (step 17) the connection to the source GERAN using the cancellation command message. Finally, the GERAN origin 8015 confirms (step 18) the release of the GERAN resources allocated for this call, using the full cancellation message.

p00607b) Delivery of CS from UTRAN to GAN

p00608i) The EU finalizes the Ip UP package

p00609The description of the delivery procedure from UTRAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is on active call in the UTRAN; (2) The RNC has ordered the user equipment to perform measurements between frequencies. When the preferred mode of the user equipment is GAN with a configured 2A event, the user equipment handles parameters associated with the 2A event in a specific way of the GAN (as described in 3GPP TS 25.331) for the GAN report . When the preferred mode of the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN and a 2A event has been configured for the GAN cell, the user equipment must send only one measurement of the GAN cell, when this event is activated and no cells of UTRAN from the list of neighboring cells of the user equipment meet the condition of this event (as described in 3GPP TS 25.331; and (3) the UTRAN provides information from neighboring cells so that one of the cells in the list of neighboring cells matches the cell associated with the GANC, as indicated by the AS-related component of system information obtained from the GANC.

p00610Figure 81 illustrates the delivery procedure in CS from UTRAN to GAN in some embodiments. The user equipment begins to include (step 1) information about the GAN cell in the measurement information message sent to the RNC 8120. The user equipment reports the highest signal level of the GAN cell. This is not the real GAN ​​signal level, but an artificial value that allows the user team to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00611The RNC 8120 decides, based on measurement reports and other algorithms, to deliver to the GAN cell. RNC 8120 begins the preparation phase of the relocation procedure by sending (step 2) a required relocation message to CN 8115, identifying the target cell (EGAN).

p00612CN 8115 requests (step 3) the target GANC 8110 to allocate resources for delivery through the relocation request message. User equipment 8105 is identified by the included IMSI parameters.

p00613The GANC 8110 sends (step 4) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message to the user equipment 8105 including the bearer route configuration information received in the relocation request message, such as: (1) UDP port and the IP address of the RTP stream of uplinks, (2) Radio bearer parameters (RAB) and (3) Iu UP parameters (for example Iu UP mode in which the support mode is used for AMR voice calls) .

p00614Since the Iu UP support mode is indicated, the 8105 user equipment sends (step 5) the Iu UP INITIALISATION packet to the IP address and to the UDP port indicated in the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL message. This message is addressed to network core 8115 (for example, the R4 media gateway).

p00615The 8115 network core responds (step 6) with the Iu UP INITIALISATION ACK package. Network core 8115 sends the message to the source IP address and UDP port number of the received INITIALISATION packet. User equipment 8105 sends (GA 7) the GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL ACK to GANC 8110.

p00616The target GANC 8110 confirms (step 8) the delivery request message by the relocation request confirmation message, indicating that it can carry out the requested delivery and including a physical channel reconfiguration message indicating the wireless channel to which the user equipment 8105 must be addressed.

p00617The GANC 8110 indicates (step 9) the completion of the establishment of RAB to the user equipment 8105 with the message GA-RRC ACTIVATE CHANNEL COMPLETE. There is now a point-to-point audio path between user equipment 8105 and CN 8115. CN 8115 sends (step 10) the relocation command message to RNC 8120 thus completing the relocation preparation.

p00618The RNC 8120 sends (step 11) the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to the user equipment to start the delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from UTRAN to GAN until the end of delivery (for example until it sends the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short. The user equipment accesses (step 12) to the GANC 8110 with the message GA-RRC HANDOVER ACCESS, and provides the complete message PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION received from the RNC 8120.

p00619The GANC 8110 indicates (step 13) to CN 6115 through the relocation detection message that it has detected to the UE. The CN 8115 can now optionally switch the user plane of the RNC origin 8120 to the target GANC 8110. The two-way voice traffic now flows (step 14) between the user equipment and the CN 8115 through the GANC 8110.

p00620The user equipment transmits (step 15) GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE to indicate the completion of the delivery procedure from their perspective. Switches the user from the UTRAN user plane to the GAN user plane. Target GAN 8110 indicates (step 16) that the delivery is complete by the complete relocation message. The CN 8115 now switches the user plane from RNC 8120 origin to target GANC 8110 if it has not previously done so.

p00621Finally, the CN 8115 interrupts (step 17) the connection to the source RNC 8120 by means of the Iu release command. The RNC 8120 origin confirms (step 18) the release of UTRAN resources allocated for this call, using full Iu release.

p00622ii) The GANC finalizes the Iu UP package

p00623Figure 82 illustrates an alternative procedure of CS delivery from the UTRAN to the GAN using the RRC protocol in some embodiments. The description of the delivery procedure from UTRAN to GAN assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is on active call in the UTRAN, (2) the RNC has ordered the user equipment to perform measurements between frequencies (for example if the GAN cell has been assigned a different frequency value from the used in the UTRAN), (a) if the preferred mode of the user equipment is GAN with an event 2A configured, the user equipment handles the parameters associated with event 2A in a specific way of the GAN for the EGAN report , (b) when the preferred mode of the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN and an event 2A has been configured for the GAN cell, the user equipment should only send measurements on the GAN cell when this event is activated and no UTRAN cell of the List of neighboring cells of the user equipment meets the conditions for triggering this event (as described in 3GPP TS 25.331), (3) UTRAN provides information on neighboring cells so that one of the cells in the neighboring list matches the cell associated with the GANC, as indicated by the AS-related component of the system information obtained from the GANC.

p00624As shown in Figure 82, user equipment 8205 begins to include information about a GAN cell in the measurement report message sent (step 1) to RNC 8215. User equipment 8205 reports the highest level signal of the GAN cell. This is not the actual signal level of the GAN, but an artificial value that allows the user equipment 8205 to indicate the preference for the GAN.

p00625RNC 8125 decides, based on the measurement reports of the user equipment and other algorithms, to initiate delivery to the GAN cell. The RNC 8215 begins the preparation phase of the relocation procedure by sending (step 2) a required relocation message to the CN network core, identifying the target cell (GAN).

p00626Then, steps 3 to 5 shown in Figure 82 are carried out similarly to steps 3 to 5 of the delivery of GERAN CSR to GAN in the subsection described above: "GANC finalizes the Iu UP packages" ;, except that the messages are RRC messages (instead of CSR). The target GANC 8210 confirms (step 6) the delivery request message by the relocation request confirmation message, indicating that it can carry out the requested delivery and including a physical channel reconfiguration message indicating the wireless channel to which The EU must be addressed.

p00627Next, the CN 8220 network core sends (step 7) the relocation command message to the RNC 8215 thus completing the relocation preparation. RNC 8215 sends (step 8) the PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION message to user equipment 8205 to start delivery to the GAN. The user equipment does not switch the audio path from UTRAN to GAN until the end of delivery (for example, until it sends the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMPLETE message) so that the audio interruption is short.

p00628Later, steps 9 to 16 shown in Figure 82 are carried out similarly to steps 9 to 16 of the delivery of GERAN CSR to GAN in subsection "GANC finalizes the package Iu UP" described above, except that steps 9 to 16 of Figure 82 use RRC protocol instead of CSR protocol. Next, the CN 8220 network core interrupts (step 17) the connection to the originating RNC 8120 by means of the release command Iu. The RNC 8215 origin confirms (step 18) the release of UTRAN resources allocated for this call, using full Iu release.

p00629c) CS delivery from UTRAN to GAN

p00630The description of the procedure in this subclause assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the EGAN; (2) GERAN is now available and (i) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN, or (ii) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GAN and the user equipment begins to leave the GAN coverage, based on your local measurements, the RTCP reports received and any other quality indication of the uplinks received from the GANC.

p00631The procedure for delivering GAN to GERAN is always activated by the user equipment.

p00632Figure 83 illustrates the delivery procedure in CS from GAN to GERAN in some embodiments. The GANC 8310 can send (step 1) GA-RRC UPLINK QUALITY INDICATION if there are problems with the quality of the uplinks during the current call. The indication of the quality of the uplinks is information that the GANC 8310 sends to the user equipment 8305 in which the crossing of the quality threshold of an uplink in the uplink direction is indicated. When the 8305 user equipment receives an indication of poor quality, the delivery procedure should begin as detailed in the next step. Alternatively, the user equipment 8305 can use its local measurements or the received RTCP reports to decide to start the delivery procedure.

p00633The user equipment 8305 sends (GA 2) the message GA-RRC HANDOVER INFORMATION to the GANC 8310 in which it indicates the channel mode and a list of GERAN target cells, identified by the CGI in order of preference for delivery, ( for example listed according to the parameters of loss of route C1) and includes the power level of the signal of each identified GERAN cell. This list assumes the most recent information available from the GSM RR subsystem. In addition, the GA-RRC HANDOVER INFORMATION message may include a list of target UTRAN cells listed in order of preference for delivery, and the signal strength of each UTRAN cell identified.

p00634If the GANC 8310 that provides the service selects a target GERAN cell, the delivery procedure to GERAN is carried out. The GANC 8310 that provides the service initiates the preparation for delivery indicating (step 3) to CN 8315 the need for delivery, with the required relocation message and including the GERAN cell list provided by the user equipment 8305. The GANC 8310 may include a single subgroup of the list of cells provided by the 8305 user equipment.

p00635CN 8315 selects a target GERAN cell and requests (step 4) to allocate the necessary resources through the delivery request. The target GERAN forms a delivery command message with information on the assigned channel and sends it (step 5) to CN 8315 through the relocation request confirmation message.

p00636The CN 8315 indicates (step 6) to the GANC 8310 to deliver the user equipment 8305 to the GERAN, by means of the relocation command message, thus completing the phase of preparation for delivery. The GANC 8310 transmits (step 7) the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMMAND to the user equipment 8305 with the data sent by the GERAN on the allocation of the resources of the target. The user equipment 8305 transmits (step 8) the Um: The access of the delivery that contains the reference element of the delivery and that allows the objective GERAN to relate this delivery access to the delivery command message previously transmitted to the CN 8315 in response to the required delivery message.

p00637The target GERAN confirms (step 9) the detection of delivery to CN 8315 with the delivery detection message. The CN 8315 can now switch (step 10) the user plane to the target BSS. The GERAN provides (step 11) the physical information to the user equipment 8305 (eg temporary advance) to allow the user equipment 8305 to synchronize with the GERAN. User equipment 8305 indicates (step 12) to GERAN that delivery has been completed with the message complete delivery.

p00638The GERAN confirms (step 13) to CN 8315 the completion of the delivery with the complete delivery message. CN 8315 can use the target CGI used during the delivery procedure for loading purposes. Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (step 14) between user equipment 8305 and CN 8315 through the GERAN.

p00639Upon receiving confirmation of the completion of the delivery, CN 8315 indicates (step 15) to GANC 8310 to release the resources allocated in user equipment 8305, by means of the release command Iu. The GANC 8310 orders (step 16) the user equipment 8305 to release resources, using the message GA-RRC RELEASE. The GANC 8310 confirms (step 17) the release of resources to CN 8315 using the full release message.

p00640User equipment 8305 confirms (step 18) the release of resources to GANC 8310 with the message GA-RRC RELEASE COMPLETE. Finally, the user equipment 8305 can unsubscribe (step 19) the GANC 8310 through the message GA-RC guaranteedTER.

p00641d) CS delivery from GAN to UTRAN

p00642The description of the procedure in this subclause assumes the following: (1) the user equipment is in an active call in the GAN; (2) The user equipment is capable of operating in all GAN, GERAN and UTRAN modes; and (3) the UTRAN is now available and (i) the preferred mode of the user equipment is GERAN / UTRAN, or (ii) the preferred mode selected by the user equipment is GAN and begins to abandon the coverage of the GAN, based on your local measurements, the RTCP reports received in addition to the quality indications of the uplinks received from the GANC.

p00643Figure 84 illustrates the delivery procedure in CS from GAN to UTRAN in some embodiments. The delivery procedure from the GAN is always activated by the user equipment 8405. The GANC 8410 can send (step 1) GA-RRC UPLINK QUALITY INDICATION if there are problems with the quality of the uplinks during the current call. The indication of the quality of the uplinks is information sent by the GANC 8410 to the user equipment 6405 in which the crossing of the quality threshold of an uplink in the uplink direction is indicated. When the 8405 user equipment receives an indication of poor quality, the delivery procedure should begin as detailed in the next step. Alternatively, the user equipment 8405 can use its local measurements or the received RTCP reports to decide to start the delivery procedure.

p00644The user equipment 8405 sends (GA 2) the message GA-RRC HANDOVER INFORMATION to the GANC 8410 that provides the service indicating the mode of the channel and a list of possible cells of the UTRAN and the target GERAN in order of preference for delivery, and includes the strength of the signal received from each identified cell. UTRAN cells are identified by the PLMN identifier, the LAC and the 3G cell identity (defined in 3GPP TS 25.331).

p00645If the GANC 8410 that provides the service selects the UTRAN as the target RAT, the delivery procedure to the UTRAN is carried out. The GANC 8410 that provides the service starts the preparation for delivery indicating (step 3) to CN 8415 the need for delivery, with the required relocation message and including the list of UTRAN cells provided by the user equipment 8405. The GANC 8410 may include a single subgroup of the cell list provided by the 8405 user equipment.

p00646CN 8415 begins the delivery procedure to the target RNC 8420 identified by the GANC 8410 that provides the service. CN 8415 requests (step 4) from the objective RNC 8420 to allocate the necessary resources through the relocation request. The target RNC 8420 forms a physical channel reconfiguration message with information about the allocated UTRAN resources and sends it (step 5) to CN 8415 through the relocation request confirmation message.

p00647CN 8415 indicates (step 6) to GANC 8410 that it provides the service that the user equipment 8405 delivers to UTRAN, with the relocation command message (which includes the reconfiguration message of the physical channel), thus ending the phase of Preparation for delivery. The GANC 8410 that provides the service transmits (step 7) the GA-RRC HANDOVER COMMAND to the user equipment 8405 with the data sent by the UTRAN on the allocation of target resources.

p00648The target RNS achieves (step 8) uplink synchronization in the Uu interface. The target RNC 8420 confirms (step 9) the detection of delivery to CN 8415, by means of the message to detect relocation. The CN 8415 can now switch (step 10) the user plane to the target RNS. User equipment 8405 indicates (step 11) to UTRAN that the delivery is complete, using the message delivered to the complete UTRAN.

p00649UTRAN confirms (step 12) to CN 8415 the completion of the delivery by means of the complete relocation message. If the user plane has not been switched in step 10, CN 8415 switches the user plane to the target RNS. Bidirectional voice traffic now flows (step 13) between user equipment 8405 and CN 8415 through the UTRAN.

p00650Upon receiving confirmation of the completion of the delivery, CN 8415 indicates (step 14) to GANC 8410 that it provides the service that releases the resources allocated to the user equipment 8405 through the release command Iu. The GANC 8410 that provides the service orders (step 15) the user equipment 8405 to release resources, using the message GA-RRC RELEASE.

p00651The GANC 8410 that provides the service confirms (step 16) the release of resources to CN 8415 using the complete release message The user equipment 8405 confirms (step 17) the release of resources to the GANC 8410 that provides the service with the GA message -RRC RELEASE COMPLETE. Finally, the user equipment 8405 can unsubscribe (step 18) the GANC 8410 with the message GA-RC preventsTER.

p006529. GA-RRC package transport channel management procedures

p00653The GA-RRC packet transport channel (GA-RRC PTC) associates the user equipment and the network to transport the GPRS user data to the Up interface (for example through the GAN in Iu mode). The PTC uses the GTP-U protocol on UDP transport. The PTC endpoint addresses are identified by the IP addresses and UDP ports assigned to the PTC on the user equipment and the network during the PTC activation procedure. The UDP port number for the GTP-U is the one defined in 3GPP TS 25.414. Multiple PTC instances between a user device and the network can be activated at the same time using the same endpoint addresses. Each PTC instance is assigned a unique GTP tunnel endpoint identifier (one on the user equipment and one on the network) during the activation procedure. The user equipment and the GANC manage the activation and deactivation of the PTC instances based on the data transfer requests and the configurable PTC timer.

p00654a) GA-RRC package transport channel states

p00655The user equipment in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state can be in one of two PTC substations: PTC-STANDBY or PTC-ACTIVE. PTC-STANDBY: is the initial / default PTC substation of the user equipment when it is in GA-RRC-CONNECTED state in GAN mode. The user equipment is not able to send or receive GPRS user data from or to the network. The user equipment needs to activate the PTC before sending GPRS user data. When the user equipment successfully establishes a PTC, the user equipment changes to the PTC-ACTIVE substation: the user equipment is in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and the PTC is active between the user equipment and the network and the User equipment can send and receive user data from GPRS to and from the network. The following are the potential triggers for the activation of the GA-RRC PTC by the user equipment: (1) The user equipment initiates the uplink transfer of user data, and the GANC initiates the activation of the PTC, by For example, the user equipment receives the message GA-RRC-ACTIVATE-PTC-REQUEST from the GANC.

p00656If the activation of the PTC is successful and in parallel with the transition to the PTC-ACTIVE substation, the user equipment starts the PTC timer. When the PTC timer expires, the user equipment sends a message to the GANC to initiate PTC deactivation. If the deactivation of the PTC is successful, the user equipment changes to the PTC-STANDBY substation. During the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and the PTC-ACTIVE substation, the user equipment can receive the GA-RRC RELEASE message. In addition to requesting the release of the RRC session, the user equipment interprets it as an implicit PTC deactivation command. During GAN mode, if the RR entity providing the service switches to GSM-RR / UTRAN-RRC, the GA-RRC disconnects from the GPRS SAPs and the user equipment enters GERAN / UTRAN mode. Simultaneously, the user equipment will release the associated PTC regardless of the status of the PTC timer. The GA-RRC entity of the user equipment maintains a PTC for each active PDP context. The PTC timer is restarted if any uplink user data packet is sent or if a downlink user data packet related to the PDP context is received. The PTC timer value is provided to the user equipment as part of the GAN registration procedure (for example in the GA-RC REGISTER ACCEPT message).

p00657b) Initial PTC activation

p00658Figure 85 illustrates the initial procedure of activating the packet transport channel of some embodiments. The following description assumes that user equipment 8505 is in the GA-RRC-IDLE state in some embodiments. The procedure for establishing the GA-RRC connection is carried out (step 1) as described in the clause establishing the GA-RRC connection initiated by the UE, above. The 8505 user equipment varies to the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and to the PTC-STANDBY substation. Additional PS signaling procedures are carried out (step 2).

p00659CN 8510 (SGSN) initiates (step 3) the RAB allocation procedure and includes the RAB identifier, the transport layer address of the CN (IP address) and the transport association Iu of the CN (terminal point identifier of the GTP-U, TEID) for user data. The GANC 8515 sends the GA-RRC ACTIVATE PTC REQUEST message to user equipment 8505 to request activation of the packet transport channel. The message includes the RAB identifier, the IP address of the CN and the TEID for the 8505 user equipment to send PTC packets (for example: GTP-U messages) directly to the SGSN.

p00660User equipment 8505 confirms (step 5) the activation of the PTC and provides the transport layer address (IP address) and the transport association Iu (TETP of the GTP-U) that identifies the end of the PTC user equipment . User equipment 8505 varies to the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer.

p00661Upon receipt of the confirmation, the GANC 8515 sends (step 6) the RAB assignment response message to the CN 8510 (SGSN) to complete the RAB assignment procedure and includes the IP address of the user equipment and the GTP-U TEID . Additional PS signaling procedures are performed (step 7); the examples are illustrated in the subsections of activation of the PDP context and activation of the PDP context requested by the network, below. User equipment 8505 initiates (step 8) the uplink data transfer through the established PTC and the CN 8510 (SGSN) can use the same transport channel to send packets of downlink data.

p00662c) PTC data transfer

p00663Figure 86 illustrates the transfer of GPRS user data packets through the GAN packet transport channel in some embodiments. If necessary, the PTC of the GAN is established (step 1) as specified in subsection VII1.B.9.b: "Initial PTC activation", above. Once the GA-RRC PTC is set, user equipment 8605 enters the PTC-ACTIVE substate and starts the PTC timer. User equipment 8605 initiates (step 2) the transfer of an uplink user data packet using the standard GTP-U protocol as specified in 3GGP TS 29.060 and resets the PTC timer.

p00664CN 8615 (SGSN) transfers (step 3) the downlink user data packet through the same PTC associated with the specific PDP context. Downlink user data packets are transferred using the standard GTP-UP protocol as specified in 3GPP TS 29.060. Once the downlink data packet is received, the user equipment resets the associated PTC timer. Additional uplink and downlink user data packets (step 4) are transferred through the same PTC, as described in steps 2 and 3 respectively. After each transmission / reception, user equipment 8605 resets the PTC timer.

p00665d) PTC deactivation initiated by the user equipment

p00666Figure 87 illustrates the scenario when the user equipment deactivates the packet transport channel after the PTC timer reaches the end in some embodiments. User equipment 8705 (in step 1) is in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and in the PTC-ACTIVE substation. The PTC timer associated with one of the active packet transport channels reaches the end.

p00667User equipment 8705 sends (in step 2) the GA-RRC DEACTIVATE PTC REQUEST message to GANC 8710, including the RAB-ID to identify the PTC and indicate normal release as a cause of deactivation. The GANC B710 sends (in step 3) a release request message to CN (SGSN) 8715 to request the release of the associated RAB. CN (SGSN) 8715 responds (in step 4) with the RAB allocation request indicating release.

p00668The GANC 8710 responds (in step 5) to the user equipment 8705 with a GA-RRC DEACTIVATE PTC ACK message to confirm the successful deactivation. The B705 user equipment makes the transition to the PTC-STANDBY substation. The GANC 8710 sends (in step 6) the RAB allocation response message to inform SGSN 8715 that the RAB release procedure is complete.

p00669e) Reactivation of the PTC initiated by the user equipment

p00670Figure 88 illustrates the scenario when the user equipment initiates the re-activation of the packet transport channel in some embodiments. The user equipment is in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED and PMM-CONNECTED states, for example, indicating that there is an active PDP connection and context between the user equipment 8805 and the CN 8815, but the PTC having been previously deactivated by the user equipment 8805 because the PTC timer has reached the end in some embodiments. User equipment 8805 is in GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and in PTC-STANDBY substation. User equipment 8805 is in the state of PMM-CONNECTED (that is, there is an active PS signaling connection and PDP context).

p00671User equipment 8805 has a PDU to send. The user equipment 8805 sends (in step 1) the service request message (with a service type value (Data ”) to the GANC BB10 in the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER message. The GANC 8810 forwards (in the step 2) the sending request by connecting the existing signal to the CN 8815 using the direct RANAP transfer message.

p00672The CN 8815 may, optionally, initiate (in step 3) the security mode control procedure described in subsection VIII B. 3: "Security Mode Control", above. CN 8815 responds (in step 4) with a service acceptance message. The GANC 8810 forwards (in step 5) the message from the user equipment 8805.

p00673User equipment 8805, GANC 8810 and CN 8815 establish (in step 6) the GA-RRC packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3-6 in VIII.B.9.b : "Initial PTC activation", above. User equipment 8805 varies to the PTC-ACTIVE sub-state and starts the PTC timer. User equipment 8805 sends (in step 7) the uplink PDU. Additional data transfers can then be made.

p00674f) Deactivation of the PTC initiated by the network

p00675Figure 89 illustrates the scenario when the network starts deactivating the packet transport channel in some embodiments. The user equipment is in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and in the PTC-ACTIVE sub-state.

p00676Optionally, the GANC 8910 can initiate the PTC deactivation procedure, for example, as a result of an error management procedure. If that is the case, GANC 8910 sends (in step 1) the RAB release request message to CN 8915. CN (SGSN) 8915 sends (in step 2) a RAB allocation request to request the release of the Associated RAB. The release request may include one or more RABs.

p00677The GANC 8910 requests (in step 3) the deactivation of the associated GA-RRC PTC by sending the message GA-RRC DEACTIVATE PTC REQUEST to the user equipment 8905. The user equipment 8905 makes the transition to the sub-state of PTC-STANDBY, stops the PTC timer and sends (in step 4) the confirmation back to GANC 8910. Steps 3 and 4 are repeated for each additional RAB / PTC that needs to be released. GANC 8910 notifies (in step 5) to CN (SGSN) 8915 that the release was successful.

p00678g) Reactivation of the PTC initiated by the network

p00679Figure 90 illustrates the scenario when the network initiates the reactivation of the packet transport channel in some embodiments. The user equipment is in the GA-RRC-CONNECTED and PMM-CONNECTED states, for example, indicating that there is an active connection and PDP context between the user equipment and the CN, but the PTC has been deactivated. User equipment 9005 is in GA-RRC-CONNECTED state and in PTC-STANDBY sub-state. User equipment 9005 is in the state of PMM-CONNECTED (that is, there is an active PS signaling connection and PDP context).

p00680The CN 9015 has a PDU to be sent by the user equipment 9005. The CN 9015 can optionally initiate (in step 1) the security mode control procedure described in section VIII.B.3: &amp; quot; Mode Control Security &amp; quot ;, above. User equipment 9005, GANC 9010 and CN 9015 establish (in step 2) the GA-RRC (PTC) packet transport channel as described in steps 3-6 in section VIII.B.9 .b: "Initial PTC activation", above. User equipment 9005 enters the PTC-ACTIVE sub-state and starts the PTC timer. User equipment 9015 sends (in step 3) the downlink PDU. Additional data transfers can then be made.

p00681h) Implicit deactivation of the PTC due to deregistration in the user equipment

p00682Figure 96 illustrates the PTC implicit deactivation procedure in some embodiments. As part of the GAN deregistration procedure, the GANC must release all resources allocated to that user equipment 9605: The deregistration in the GAN may be initiated or explicitly by the user equipment 9605 or implicitly by the GANC 9610 if Loss of signal connection is detected. Initially, one or more GA-RRC PTCs associated with a 9605 user equipment are in the PTC-ACTIVE state.

p00683The GAN deregistration procedure is initiated (in step 1) for the user equipment 9605 or by the user equipment 9605 or the GANC 9610. Optionally, any resource that is associated with the switched circuit domain is released (in step 2). Optionally, if there is any remaining resource associated with the PS domain, GANC 9610 initiates (in step 3) the Iu release procedure to release the corresponding RABs. The CN (SGSN) 9615 responds (in step 4) with the release command Iu. After receiving the Iu release command, the GANC 9610 deactivates all associated PTCs locally (in step 5) and responds (in step 6) to the network core (SGSN) 9615 with the message of having completed the Iu release.

p0068410. PDP context activation

p00685Figure 91 illustrates the successful activation procedure of PDP context initiated by the user equipment, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-RRC-IDLE mode in some embodiments. The procedure for establishing the GA-RRC connection is carried out (step 1) as described in the section establishing the GA-RRC connection initiated by the UE, above. If a GA-RRC connection already exists (for example, there is an active CS call), this step is skipped.

p00686Due to a request from the upper layers, the user equipment 9105 sends (service 2) the service request message (with the service type value "signaling") to the GANC 7510 in the message GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER. GANG 9110 establishes an SCCP connection with CN 9115 and forwards (step 3) the service request to CN 9115 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between the user equipment 9105 and the network core 9115 will be sent between the GANC 9110 and the CN 9115 via the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00687The CN 9115 can optionally authenticate (step 4) the user equipment 9105 using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 9115 may, optionally, initiate (step 5) the security mode control procedure described in subsection VIII.B.3: "Security Mode Control" above.

p00688The CN (SGSN) 9115 responds (in step 6) with a service acceptance message. The GANC 9110 forwards (in step 4) the message to the user equipment 9105. The user equipment 9105 sends (in Step 7) the PDP context activation request message that provides details about the PDP context to the CN 9115. This message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 9105 and the GANC 9110. The GANC 9110 forwards (in step 7) the PDP context activation request message to the CN 9115.

p00689User equipment 9105, GANC 9110 and CN 9115 establish (in step 8) the GA-RRC (PTC) packet transport channel as described in steps 3-6 in section VIII.B.9 .b: "Initial PTC activation", above. CN 9115 indicates (in step 9) that the PDP context setting is completed using PDP context activation request message that is sent to GANC 9110. The GANC forwards (in step 9) this message to the user equipment 9105 in the message GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. User equipment 9105 and CN 9115 exchange (in step 10) the transfer of user data through the established PTC.

p00690eleven. PDP context activation requested by the network

p00691Figure 92 illustrates the successful activation procedure of PDP context requested by the network, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-RRC-IDLE mode in some embodiments. Initially, the CN (SGSN) 9215 receives downlink user data to transfer to the user equipment and the associated RAB is not established.

p00692The user equipment is in the PMM-IDLE state.

p00693The CN (SGSN) 9215 sends (in step 1) the RANAP paging message to the user equipment 9205 through the GANC 9210 to locate the user. The paging request indicates paging for PS domain signaling. The GANC 9210 forwards (step 2) the paging information to the user equipment 9205 in the message GA-RRC PAGING REQUEST.

p00694User equipment 9205 responds (in step 3) to SGSN 9215 through GANC 9210 with a service request message (with service type value "Paging response"). The message is encapsulated within the GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER message. The GANC 9210 forwards (step 4) the service request message to the SGSN 9215 encapsulated in the RANAP initial user equipment message.

p00695The CN 9215 can optionally authenticate (step 5) the user equipment 9205 using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 9215 may, optionally, initiate (step 6) the security mode control procedure described in sub-section VIII.B.3: "Security Mode Control" above.

p00696The CN 9215 sends (in step 7) the PDP context activation request message to the GANC 9210. The GANC 9210 forwards (in step 7) this message to the user equipment 9205 in the GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER message.

p00697User equipment 9205 sends (in step 8) the PDP context activation request message that provides details about the PDP context to CN 9215. This message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 9205 and the GANC 9210. The GANC forwards (in step 8) the PDP context activation request message to the CN 9215. User equipment 9205, GANC 9210 and CN 9215 establish (in step 9) the GA-RRC package transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3-6 in subsection Vlll.B. 9.b: "Initial PTC activation", above.

p00698The CN 9215 indicates (in step 10) that the PDP context setting is completed using PDP context activation request message that is sent to the GANC 9210. The GANC forwards (in step 10) this message to the user equipment 9105 in the message GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. User equipment 9205 and CN 9215 exchange (in step 11) the transfer of user data through the established PTC.

p0069912. PDP context activation with active switched circuit (CS) session

p00700Figure 93 illustrates the successful PDP context activation procedure initiated by the user equipment, assuming that the user equipment is in the GA-RRC-IDLE mode in some embodiments. The procedure for establishing the GA-RRC connection is carried out as described in the section establishing the GA-RRC connection initiated by the user equipment, above. If a GA-RRC connection already exists (for example, there is an active CS call), this step is skipped.

p00701Due to a request from the upper layers, the user equipment 9305 sends (service 1) the service request message (with the service type value "signaling") to the GANC 9310 in the message GA-RRC INITIAL DIRECT TRANSFER. The GANG 9310 establishes an SCCP connection (in step 2) with the CN 9315 and forwards (step 2) the service request to the CN 9115 using the RANAP initial user equipment message. The following NAS messages between user equipment 9305 and network core 9315 will be sent between GANC 9310 and CN 9315 via the RANAP direct transfer message.

p00702The CN 9315 can optionally authenticate (step 3) the user equipment 9305 using the standard UTRAN authentication procedures. The CN 9315 may, optionally, initiate (step 4) the security mode control procedure described in sub-section VIII.B.3: "Security Mode Control" above.

p00703The CN (SGSN) 9315 responds (in step 5) with a service acceptance message. The GANC 9310 forwards (in step 5) the message to the user equipment 9305. The user equipment 9305 sends (in step 6) the PDP context activation request message that provides details about the PDP context to the CN 9315. This message is contained within the GA-RRC UL DIRECT TRANSFER between the user equipment 9305 and the GANC 9310. The GANC 9315 forwards (in step 6) the PDP context activation request message to the CN 9315.

p00704User equipment 9305, GANC 9310 and CN 9315 establish (in step 7) the GA-RRC packet transport channel (PTC) as described in steps 3-6 in section VIII.B.9 .b: "Initial PTC activation", above. The CN 9315 indicates (in step 8) that the PDP context setting is completed using PDP context activation request message that is sent to the GANC 9310. The GANC forwards (in step 10) this message to the user equipment 9105 in the message GA-RRC DL DIRECT TRANSFER. User equipment 9305 and CN 9315 exchange (in step 9) the transfer of user data through the established PTC.

p0070513. SRNS Relocation

p00706The service RNS relocation procedure takes place for a user equipment in PMM-CONNECTED state to move the RAN connection point from the previous RNC to the new RNC. Two scenarios will be considered: (1) SRNS relocation from RNC to GANC, that is, from UTRAN to GAN, and (2) SRNS relocation from GANC to RNC, that is, from GAN to UTRAN. These procedures include several options based on Iu interface support and SRNS relocation without data loss. It is assumed in this version of the GAN specification that the lu interface is not supported. Additionally, since the PDCP protocol is not included in the GAN solution to optimize data transport, it is assumed that SRNS relocation without data loss is also not supported.

p00707a) SRNS Relocation from UTRAN to GAN

p00708Figure 94 illustrates an SRTR relocation procedure from UTRAN to GAN for a user equipment that is in the PMM state connected in some embodiments. It is assumed that the Iu interface and the SRNS relocation procedure without data loss are not supported. Initially, user equipment 9405 is registered for the GAN and PMM service in connected state. At least one PDP context is active with bit transfer rate greater than 0.

p00709After detecting the GAN coverage and registering successfully for the GAN service, the user equipment 9405 sends (in step 1) a measurement report to the RNC 9410 indicating the highest signal level for the GAN cell. The RNC 9410 sends (in step 2) the necessary relocation message to the network core (SGSN) 9420 to initiate the SRNS relocation procedure. The message indicates GANC 9415 as an objective RNC 9410 and includes the information necessary for the coordination of relocation.

p00710The network core (SGSN) 9420 forwards (in step 3) the request to GANC 9415. The message includes the list of RABs to be configured and the associated information. Based on the relocation request message, CN 9420 and GANC 9415 establish (in step 4) the requested RABs and associated PS transport channels, as specified in the section above on the management procedures of the GA-RRC package transport channel.

p00711The GANC 9415 responds (in step 5) to the network core 9420 with a confirmation, including the RNC target 9410 to the RNC source transport container. The core network (SGSN) 9420 continues (in step 6) with the relocation by sending a relocation command to the previous RNC that includes the RNC target transport container to RNC source.

p00712The RNC 9410 begins to forward (in step 7) data to the user equipment 9405 for the RABs that can be forwarded. Forwarding is done only for downlink user data and is based on the transport layer address and the transport association Iu received from the GANC 9415.

p00713The RNC 9410 sends (in step step 8) the message PHYSICAL CHANNEL RECONFIGURATION to the user equipment 9405 to start the delivery to the GAN. The RNC 9410 continues the relocation by forwarding (in step 9) the SRNS context information to the GANC 9415 through the network core (SGSN) 9420. The network core (SGNS) 9420 forwards (in step 10) the context SRNS to GANC 9415. GANC 9415 responds (in step 11) with a relocation detection message.

p00714User equipment 9405 sends (in step 12) a complete GA-RRC relocation message to GANC 9415 to indicate successful relocation. The RNC 9415 sends (in step 13) the complete relocation message to the network core (SGSN) 9420 to complete the SRNS relocation procedure.

p00715After receiving the complete relocation message, the network core (SGSN) 9420 switches the user plane from RNC 9410 to GANC (user equipment) and initiates (in step 14) the Iu release procedure in the direction of RNC 9410. After the data has been forwarded, the timer expires and after having released the associated resources, the RNC 9410 responds (in step 15) with the complete Iu ​​release message to the network core (SGSN) 9420.

p0071614. Short Message Service

p00717The GAN provides support for both switched circuit services and short message switched packet (SMS) services. User equipment associated with GAN and compatible with GPRS allowed user equipment to send and receive SMS messages through the GAN.

p00718a) Switched circuit SMS services

p00719Support for SMS based on switched circuit within the GAN is based on the same mechanism that is used for mobility management and call control on switched circuit. On the user side, the SMS layers (including sub-layer support functions for call management) use the mobility management layer (MM) services to transfer SMS messages using a standard UMTS implementation Switching circuit The SM-CP protocol effectively creates a tunnel between the user equipment and the CN, using GA-RRC messages from the user equipment to the GANC, where the GANC relays the SM-CP to RANAP messages for transport through the lu interface . As with the mobility management and call control procedures, the IPSec secure tunnel and the TCP session are used to provide secure and reliable SMS delivery over the IP network.

p00720b) Switched packet SMS (PS) services

p00721The transfer of SMS messages from switched packets is based on the same mechanism as the transfer of messages for signaling of PS mobility management and session management. On the user equipment side, SMS layers (including sub-layer support functions for call management) use the services of the RRC layer (ie GA-RRC) to transfer SMS messages through a standard implementation UMTS of switched packets. As with the mobility management and session management signaling procedures, the IPSec secure tunnel and the TCP session are used to provide secure and reliable SMS delivery based on packets switched over the IP network.

IX HARDWARE SYSTEM

p00723Figure 95 conceptually illustrates a hardware system in which some embodiments of the present invention are shown implemented. The 9500 hardware system includes a 9505 bus, a 9510 processor, a 9515 system memory, a 9520 ROM, a 9525 non-volatile storage device, 9530 input devices and 9535 output devices.

p00724Bus 9505 collectively represents the entire system, both peripheral, and on-board buses that support communication between internal devices of hardware system 9500. For example, bus 9505 communicatively connects processor 9510 with ROM memory 9520, the memory of 9515 system and 9525 non-volatile storage device.

p00725From these memory units, the processor 9510 retrieves the instructions to execute and the data to be processed to thus execute the processes of the present invention. In some embodiments, the processor encompasses an FPGA (Field Programmable Gate Array), an ASIC, or other electronic components to execute instructions. The read-only memory (ROM) 9520 stores data and static instructions that are necessary for the 9510 processor and other hardware system modules. The non-volatile storage device 9525, on the other hand, is a read and write memory device. This device is a permanent memory unit that stores instructions and data even when the 9500 hardware system is turned off. Some embodiments of the invention use a mass storage device (such as a magnetic or optical disk and its corresponding disk drive) as the permanent storage device 9525. Some embodiments use one or more removable storage devices (flash memory card or USB memory) as a permanent storage device.

p00726Like the permanent storage device 9525, the system memory is a read and write memory device. However, unlike the 9525 storage device, the system memory is a volatile read and write memory, such as a random access memory (RAM). System memory stores some of the instructions and data that the processor needs during runtime.

p00727The instructions and / or data necessary to perform processes of some embodiments are stored in system memory 9515, permanent storage device 9525, ROM memory 9520 or any combination of the three. For example, several memory units contain instructions for processing multimedia objects according to some embodiments. From these memory units, the 9510 processor retrieves the instructions to execute and the data to process to thus execute the processes in some embodiments.

p00728The 9505 bus also connects the input and output devices 9530 and 9535. The input devices allow the user to communicate information and select orders for the hardware system. 9530 input devices include alphanumeric keyboards and cursor controllers. The 9535 output devices display images generated by the hardware system. Output devices include printers and display devices, such as cathode ray tubes (CRT) or liquid crystal displays (LCD). Finally, as shown in Figure 95, bus 9505 also associates computer 9500 with a 9565 network using a network adapter (not shown). In this way, the computer can be part of a computer network (such as a local area network ('LAN "), a broadband network (" WAN "), or an Intranet) or a network of networks ( like internet)

p00729The person skilled in the art will be able to observe that any or all of the 9500 hardware system components can be used together in the present invention. For example, some or all of the hardware system components described in reference to Figure 95 encompass some embodiments of the user equipment, FAP, GANC, and other equipment described above. In addition, the person skilled in the art will appreciate that any other configuration of the system can also be used in conjunction with the present invention or with components thereof.

X. DEFINITIONS AND ABBREVIATIONS

p00731Below is a list of the abbreviations used:

<dl><dt>AAA </dt><dd>Authentication, Authorization and Accounting (authentication, authorization and counting) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>AKA </dt><dd>Authentication and Key Agreement (authentication and agreement on the key) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>AP </dt><dd>Acess point </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ARFCN </dt><dd>Absolute RF Channel Number (Radio Frequency Absolute Channel No.) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ATM </dt><dd>Asynchronous Transfer Mode </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ATM VC </dt><dd>ATM Virtual Circuit </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BA </dt><dd>BCCH Allocation (BCCH Assignment) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BAS </dt><dd>Broadband Access System </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BB </dt><dd>Broadband </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BCCH </dt><dd>Broadcast Common Control Channel </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BRAS </dt><dd> Broadband Remote Access System </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BSC </dt><dd>Base Station Controller </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BSS </dt><dd>Base Station Sub-System </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BSSGP </dt><dd>Base Station System GPRS Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>BSSMA P </dt><dd>Base Station Sysem Management Application Part (Base Station System Management Application Part) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Bts </dt><dd>Base Transceiver Station </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CDMA</dt><dd> Code Division Multiple Access </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CGI </dt><dd>Cell Global Identification </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CIC </dt><dd>Circuit Identity Code </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CLIP </dt><dd>Calling Line Presentation </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CM </dt><dd>Connection Management </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CPE </dt><dd>Customer Premises Equipment </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CS </dt><dd>Circuit Switched </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>CVSD M </dt><dd>Continous Variable Slope Delta Modulation (delta modulation of continuously variable gradient </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>DSL </dt><dd>Digital Subscriber Line </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>DSLAM </dt><dd>DSL Access Multiplexer </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>DTAP </dt><dd>Direct Transfer Application Part </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ETSI </dt><dd>European Telecommunications Standards Institute (European Telecommunications Standards Institute) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>FCAPS </dt><dd>Fault Management, Configuration, Accounting, Performance and Security (Fault management, configuration, accounting, performance and security) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>FCC </dt><dd>US Federal Communications Commission </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GERA N </dt><dd>GSM Edge Radio Access Network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GGSN </dt><dd>Gateway GPRS Support Node (GPRS Gateway Support Node) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GMM / SM </dt><dd>GPRS Mobility Management and Session Management </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GMSC </dt><dd>MSC Gateway (MSC Gateway) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GSM </dt><dd>Global System for Mobile Communication </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GPRS </dt><dd>General Packet Radio Service </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GSN </dt><dd>GPRS Support Node </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>GTGP </dt><dd>GPRS Tunneling Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>Hlr </dt><dd>Home Location Register </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>HPLMN </dt><dd>Home PLMN </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IAN </dt><dd>Indoor Access Network (see also UMA cell) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IAN-RR</dt><dd> Indoor Access Network Radio Ressource Management </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IBS </dt><dd>Indoor Base Station </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IBSAP </dt><dd>IBS Application Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IBSMA P </dt><dd>IBS Management Application Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IEP </dt><dd>IAN Encapsulation Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IETF </dt><dd>Internet Engineering Task Force </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IMSI </dt><dd>International Mobile Station Equipment Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IMSI_2 </dt><dd>International Mobile Subscriber Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>INC </dt><dd>Internet Network Controller </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IP </dt><dd> Internet Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ISDN </dt><dd>Integrated services digital network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ISP </dt><dd>Internet Service Provider </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ISP's IP </dt><dd>Internet Service Provider IP (IP address of the internet service provider) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>IST </dt><dd>IAN Secure Tunnel </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ISUP </dt><dd>ISDN User Part </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>ITP </dt><dd>IAN Transfer Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>THE </dt><dd>Location Area </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>THE I </dt><dd>Location Area Identification </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>LLC </dt><dd>Logical Link Control </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MAC </dt><dd>Medium Access Control </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MAP </dt><dd>Mobile Application Part </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MDN </dt><dd>Mobile Directory Number </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MG </dt><dd>Media Gateway </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MM </dt><dd>Mobility Management </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MS </dt><dd>Mobile Station </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MSC </dt><dd>Mobile Switching Center </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MSISD N </dt><dd>Mobile Station International ISDN Number (International ISDN No. of the mobile station / terminal) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MSRN </dt><dd>Mobile Station Roaming Number (Roaming Number of the mobile station / terminal) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MTP1 </dt><dd>Message Transfer Part Layer 1 (Layer 1 of the message transfer part / piece) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MTP2 </dt><dd>Message Transfer Part Layer 2 (Layer 2 of the message transfer part / piece) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>MTP3 </dt><dd>Message Transfer Part Layer 3 (Layer 3 of the message transfer part / piece) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>NAPT </dt><dd>Network Adress and Port Translation </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>NAT </dt><dd>Network Adress Translation </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>NS </dt><dd>Network Service </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PCM </dt><dd>Pulse Code Modulation </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PCS </dt><dd>Personal communication Services </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PLMN </dt><dd>Public Land Mobile Network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>POTS </dt><dd>Plain Old Telephone Service (Plain Old Telephone Service) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PPP </dt><dd>Point-to-point protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PPPoE </dt><dd>PPP over Ethernet (PPP over Ethernet) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>PSTN </dt><dd>Public Switched Telephone Network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>P-TMSI </dt><dd>Packet Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>QoS </dt><dd>Quality of Service </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RA </dt><dd>Routing Area </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RAC </dt><dd>Routing Area Code </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RAI </dt><dd>Routing Area Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RAN </dt><dd>Radio Access Network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RAT </dt><dd>Radio Access Technology </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RF </dt><dd>Radio Frequency </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RFC </dt><dd>Request for Comment (IETF Standard) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RLC </dt><dd>Radio Link Control </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RR (M) </dt><dd>Radio Ressource Management </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RTCP </dt><dd>Real Time Control Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>RTP </dt><dd>Real Time Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SAP </dt><dd>Service Access Point </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SCCP </dt><dd>Signaling Connection Control Part </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SCO </dt><dd>Synchronous Connection-Oriented (Synchronous Connection Oriented) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SDCC H </dt><dd>Standalone Dedicated Control Channel </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SGSN </dt><dd>Serving GPRS Support Node (GPRS support node in service) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SMS </dt><dd>Short Message Service </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SM-SC </dt><dd>Short Message Service Center </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SMS-GMSC </dt><dd>Short Message Service Gateway MSC (Mobile Short Message Service Gateway Switching Center) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SMS-IWMSC </dt><dd>Shor Message Service Interworking MSC (Mobile Interconnection Center for Short Message Service Interconnection) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SNDCP </dt><dd>Subnetwork Dependent Convergence Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>H.H </dt><dd>Supplementary Service </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>SSL </dt><dd>Secure Socket Layer </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TCAP </dt><dd>Transaction Capabilities Application Part </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TCP </dt><dd>Transmission Control Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TLLI </dt><dd>Temporary Logical Link Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TMSI </dt><dd>Temporary Mobile Subscriber Identity </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TRAU </dt><dd>Transcoder and Rate Adaption Unit </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>TTY </dt><dd>Text telephone or teletypewriter </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>UDP </dt><dd>User Datagram Protocol </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>UMA Cell </dt><dd>Unlicensed Mobile Access Cell (see also IAN) (Mobile access cell without a license, see also IAN) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>UMTS </dt><dd>Universal Mobile Telecommunications System </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>UNC </dt><dd>UMA Network Controller (see also INC) (UMA Network Controller, see also INC) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>VLR </dt><dd>Visited Location Register </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>VMSC </dt><dd>Visited MSC (Station controller / mobile terminal visited) </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>WLAN </dt><dd>Wireless Local Area Network </dd></dl>

<dl><dt>WSP IP </dt><dd>Wireless Service Provider's IP Network </dd></dl>

p00732While the invention has been described with reference to numerous specific details, the person skilled in the art will recognize that the invention can be carried out in other ways. Thus, the person skilled in the art will understand that the invention is not limited to the details illustrated above, but is defined by the following claims.