Pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of metformin and another antidiabetic agent
Abstract
Use of metformin and glyburide for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition comprising a low dose of a combination of metformin and glyburide containing 250 mg of metformin / 1.25 mg of glyburide, in which the discrimination of the particle size of glyburide it is such that, at most, 10% of the particles are less than 2 µm and, at most, 10% of the particles are larger than 60 µm, for the first-line treatment of type 2 diabetes, in a human patient who is not under the influence of drugs, in which metformin should be administered at a daily dosage of less than 800 mg.

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28 claims: 28 independent, 0 dependent
- 1ES 2 302 702 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Uso de metformina y gliburida para la preparación de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una dosis baja de una combinación de metformina y gliburida que contiene 250 mg de metformina/1,25 mg de gliburida, en el que la discriminación del tamaño de partícula de la gliburida es tal que, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son menores a 2 pm y, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son mayores de 60 pm, para el tratamiento de primera línea de la diabetes de tipo 2, en un paciente humano que no está bajo la influencia de fármacos, en el que, la metformina debe administrarse en una dosificación diaria inferior a 800 mg.
- 2El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la combinación de dosis baja de metformina y gliburida proporciona una eficacia al menos sustancialmente equivalente en el tratamiento de la diabetes en pacientes que no están bajo la influencia de fármacos, pero con efectos secundarios sustancialmente reducidos, como las combinaciones de metformina y dicha gliburida empleada en dosificaciones diarias sustancialmente superiores como se prescribe en la práctica médica generalmente aceptada para la terapia de primera línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 3El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la metformina debe administrarse en una dosificación diaria de partida tan baja como de aproximadamente un quinto de la dosificación diaria de partida de metformina empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 4El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 3, en el que la metformina debe emplearse en una dosificación de mantenimiento diaria hasta la empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera o segunda línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 5El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la gliburida debe administrarse en una dosificación de partida diaria tan baja como de aproximadamente un quinto de la dosificación de partida diaria de gliburida empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 6El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 5, en el que la gliburida debe emplearse en una dosificación de mantenimiento diaria hasta la empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera o segunda línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 7El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la combinación de dosis baja de metformina y gliburida se formula en forma de una forma de dosificación única.
- 8El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la proporción en peso entre metformina y gliburida es de aproximadamente 200:1.
- 9El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la metformina debe administrarse en una cantidad en el intervalo de 250 a 500 mg, y la gliburida debe administrarse en una cantidad en el intervalo de 1,25 a 5 mg.
- 10El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la dosificación de metformina/gliburida 250 mg/1,25 mg debe administrarse una vez al día o dos veces al día.
- 11El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la dosificación de metformina/gliburida 250 mg/1,25 mg debe administrarse a pacientes con un nivel basal de HbA 1c 9% o un nivel de glucosa en ayunas 200 mg/dl dos veces al día, con incrementos de la dosificación, cuando sea necesario en incrementos de 250 mg/1,25 mg cada 2 semanas, hasta la dosis diaria mínima eficaz necesaria para alcanzar un control glucémico adecuado.
- 12El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que dicha metformina debe administrarse en una dosis diaria como la empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera línea o la terapia de segunda línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 13El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la gliburida debe administrarse en una dosis diaria como la empleada en la práctica médica aceptada generalmente para la terapia de primera línea o la terapia de segunda línea para tratar la diabetes.
- 14El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la combinación de dosis baja que comprende 250 mg de metformina y 1,25 mg de gliburida tiene una eficacia al menos sustancialmente equivalente a una formulación que comprende 500 mg de metformina y 2,5 mg de gliburida para tratar la diabetes con respecto a la disminución de hemoglobina A1c, disminución de la resistencia a la insulina, incremento en los niveles pospandriales de insulina y/o disminución de la desviación de la glucosa pospandrial, mientras que proporciona una incidencia sustancialmente reducida de efectos secundarios adversos que son hipoglucemia y efectos secundarios gastrointestinales.
- 15Uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la metformina y la gliburida deben administrarse en una dosificación de partida diaria de 250 mg de metformina y 1,25 mg de gliburida. ES 2 302 702 T3
- 16Uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la metformina y la gliburida deben administrarse en una dosificación de partida diaria de 250 mg de metformina y 1,25 mg de gliburida dos veces al día o 500 mg de metformina y 2,5 mg de gliburida una vez al día.
- 17Uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la metformina y la gliburida deben administrarse en una dosificación de partida diaria de 500 mg de metformina y 5 mg de gliburida.
- 18Uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 1, en el que la gliburida es tal que la biodisponibilidad de gliburida es comparable a la biodisponibilidad de gliburida obtenida con una administración separada de metformina y gliburida.
- 19El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 18, en el que la gliburida tiene una distribución del tamaño de partícula tal que, como máximo, el 10% son menores de 3 pm y, como máximo, el 10% son mayores que 40 pm.
- 20El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 18, en el que la gliburida tiene una distribución del tamaño de partícula tal que, como máximo, el 25% son menores de 11 pm y, como máximo, el 25% son mayores que 46 pm.
- 21El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 18, en el que el 50% de las partículas de gliburida son menores de 23 pm.
- 22El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 18, en el que la gliburida tiene una distribución del tamaño de partícula de aproximadamente un valor del 25% de finos no superior a 6 pm, aproximadamente un valor del 50% de finos de 7 a 10 pm y aproximadamente un valor del 7,5% de finos no superior a 23 pm.
- 23El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 18, en el que la combinación debe administrarse en una dosis de partida diaria de 250 mg de metformina/1,25 mg de gliburida o 500 mg de metformina/2,5 mg de gliburida.
- 24El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 2, en el que los efectos secundarios sustancialmente reducidos son hipoglucemia y/o efectos secundarios gastrointestinales, que son diarrea, náuseas/vómitos y/o dolor abdominal.
- 25El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 24, en el que la incidencia de hipoglucemia en pacientes que no están bajo la influencia de fármacos resultante del uso de la combinación de dosis baja de metformina/gliburida es 1/3 o menor que la de los pacientes tratados con el doble de la metformina/gliburida presente en la dosis baja de metformina/gliburida.
- 26El uso como se ha definido en la reivindicación 24, en el que la incidencia de los efectos secundarios gastrointestinales en pacientes que no están bajo la influencia de fármacos resultantes del uso de la combinación de dosis baja de metformina-gliburida es un 20% inferior a la observada en pacientes tratados con dos veces la cantidad de cada uno de los fármacos metformina-gliburida presente en la dosis baja de metformina-gliburida.
- 27Uso de metformina y gliburida para la preparación de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una dosis baja de una combinación de metformina y gliburida que contiene 250 mg de metformina/1,25 mg de gliburida, en el que la distribución del tamaño de partícula de la gliburida es tal que, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son menores de 2 pm y, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son mayores de 60 pm, para disminuir la glucemia en un paciente humano hiperglucémico que no está bajo la influencia de fármacos como terapia de primera línea, en el que la metformina debe administrarse en una dosificación diaria de menos de 800 mg.
- 28Uso de metformina y gliburida para la preparación de una composición farmacéutica que comprende una dosis baja de una combinación de metformina y gliburida que contiene 250 mg de metformina/1,25 mg de gliburida, en el que la distribución del tamaño de partícula de la gliburida es tal que, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son menores que 2 pm y, como máximo, el 10% de las partículas son mayores de 60 pm, para disminuir la resistencia a la insulina y/o disminuir la hemoglobinaAi c y/o incrementar los niveles de insulina pospandrial y/o disminuir la desviación de glucosa pospandrial en un paciente humano que no está bajo la influencia de fármacos como terapia de primera línea, en el que la metformina debe administrarse en una dosificación diaria de menos de 800 mg.
Independent claims28
254 paragraphs in 15 sections, as filed
ES 2 302 702 T3
DESCRIPTION
Pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination of metformin and glibenclamide.
The present invention relates to the use of a low dose formulation including 250 mg of metformin and 1.25 mg of glyburide to treat type 2 diabetes in patients who are not under the influence of drugs, in which the particle size distribution of glyburide is such that at most 10% of the particles are smaller than 2 μm and at most 10% of the particles are larger than 60 μm and through which metformin it should be administered in a daily dose of less than 800 mg. The low-dose formulation has at least substantially equivalent efficacy in the treatment of type 2 diabetes compared to formulations containing higher doses of metformin and / or glyburide; but they are substantially reduced side effects.
Currently, the biguanide antihyperglycemic agent metformin described in US Patent No. 3,174,901 is marketed in the US as its hydrochloride salt (Glucophage®), Bristol-Myers Squibb Company).
The diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus is rapidly undergoing progressive changes. It is now widely accepted that glyceric control makes a difference. Today, the goal of treating diabetes is to achieve and maintain blood glucose as close to normal as possible to prevent the long-term microvascular and macrovascular complications of high blood glucose. Diagnosis of diabetes has undergone significant changes, as evidenced by the new ADA diagnostic and classification guidelines. Until recently, oral therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus have been very limited. Before 1995, sulfonylureas had been the mainstay of oral diabetes agents in the United States. Sulfonylureas target a hyperglycemic mechanism by increasing insulin secretion from beta cells. Since 1995, three new classes of agents have been added to the anti-diabetes weaponry for the treatment of hyperglycemia. Metformin, a biguanide, targets the additional mechanisms of hyperglycemia through inhibition of hepatic glucose production and increased peripheral glucose uptake, thereby reducing insulin resistance; thiazolidinediones such as troglitazone, rosiglitazone, and pioglitazone decrease peripheral insulin resistance; and alpha-glucosidase inhibitors such as acarbose and miglitol help control postprandial glucose drift by delaying the absorption of carbohydrates from the diet. All of these agents are indicated as monotherapy and some are indicated for use in combination therapy, in general, once monotherapy has been found to be inappropriate.
In 1995, metformin was added to sulfonylurea treatment in patients who had not achieved glycemic control with sulfonylurea monotherapy and the two agents were found to have a marked effect on glycemic control or decrease hemoglobin-A1c. The different mechanisms of action targeting hyperglycemia are good and make combined use attractive and a rational course of action. Prescribing data reveals that approximately 60% of metformin use is in combination with sulfonylurea.
Examples of combinations of metformin and the sulfonylurea glyburide (also called glibenclamide) are described in the following references.
(1) WO 97/17975 published May 22, 1997, (Barelli et al., Instituto Gentili SPA) and US Patent No. 5,922,769 issued to Barelli et al. (hereinafter Barelli et al.) describe a combination of glibenclamide and metformin in a weight ratio of 1: 100, in such a way that it allows a daily dosage of 15 mg of glibenclamide and 1500 mg of metformin, used for the onset of diabetes in the most severe cases, in particular in cases of insufficiency secondary to a combination of glibenclamide-metformin HCl in a weight ratio greater than 1: 100.
(2) Vigneri et al., Treatment of NIDDM Patients with Secondary Failure to Glyburide: Comparison of the Addition of Esther Metformin or Bed-Time NPH Insulin to Glyburide, Diabete & Metabolismo, 1991, 17, 232-234, describe the use of a combination of 1.5 g / day of metformin and 15 mg / day of glyburide to treat NIDDM patients with secondary insufficiency at 15 mg / day of glyburide.
(3) Higginbotham et al., Double-Blind Trial of Metformin in the Therapy of Non-Ketotic Diabetes, The Medical Journal of Australia, August 11, 1979, 154-156, describe the treatment of diabetic patients already receiving Glibenclamide 10 mg to 20 mg daily, with metformin 500 mg twice daily. Higginbotham et al. conclude "that in selected diabetics whose disease is not adequately controlled with treatment with a sulfonylurea, a significant improvement in diabetic control can be obtained by adding metformin at a low dose of 500 mg twice daily."
(4) US Application Serial No. 09 / 353,141, filed July 14, 1999 (based on European Application No. 98401781.4, filed July 15, 1998) describes formulations containing metformin and glyburide, wherein the glyburide is of a particular particle size as described hereinafter.
ES 2 302 702 T3
References describing combinations of metformin and glizipide include the following:
(1) Combination of glipizide / metformin treatment reduces low density lipoprotein binding to arterial proteglycans in DIDDM, Edwards et al., Diabetes, (46, Suppl. 1, 45A, 1997).
(2) Combination of glipizide / metformin normalizes glucose and improves insulin sensitivity in hyperinsulinemia moderately well controlled. Cefalu et al., Diabetes, (45, Suppl. 2, 201A, 1996).
(3) Effects of combination of glipizide / metformin treatment on oxidizability of LDL in NIDDM, Crouse et al., Circulation, (94, No. 8, Suppl., 1508, 1996).
(4) Insulin sensitivity is improved after glipizide monotherapy and combination with metformin, Cefalu et al., Diabetologia, (39, Suppl. 1, A231, 1996).
(5) Combined Metformin - Sulfonyl urea Treatment of Patients with NIDDM in Fair to Poor Glycemic Control, Reaven et al., J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab. (74, No. 5, 1020-26, 1992).
(6) Combination of Glipizide / Metformin Treatment in NIDDM, Hollenbeck et al., Diabetes, (39, Suppl. 1, 108A, 1990).
(7) Oral Antidiabetic Combination Therapy with Sulfonyl ureas and Metformin, Haupt et al., Med. Welt. (40, No. 5, 118-23, 1989).
(8) Variation of the lipemic pattern in diabetic subjects after treatment with a combination of glipizide and metformin, Ferlito et al., PROGR. MED. (Rome) 6/31 (289-301) 1975.
(9) Results with a combination of glipizide and dimethylbiguanide in 40 cases of diabetes, Parodi et al., GAZZ. MED. ITAL. 132/5 (226-235) 1973.
Other combinations of metformin and another antidiabetic agent are described in the following references.
(1) US Patent No. 5,631,224 issued to Efendic et al., Describes a combination of metformin with GLP-1 (7-36) amide or GLP-1 (7.37) or a fragment thereof.
(2) WO 98/57634 (SKB) describes a method for treating diabetes using a combination of a thiazolidenedione and metformin. Thiazolidenedione can be troglitazone, ciglitazone, pioglitazone or englitazone, and can be used in doses of 2 to 12 mg per day, while metformin can be used in daily doses “up to 3000 mg per day, in unit doses of 500 mg ( for example, 2 to 3 times a day) or 850 mg (2 times a day), an example of a dose for metformin is 500 mg reaching up to 5 times a day ”.
(3) US Patent No. 5,965,584 (Takeda) describes a combination of a thiazolidenedione insulin sensitivity enhancer (such as pioglitazone) and metformin.
None of the above references suggest the use of metformin-containing diabetic combinations for the first-line treatment of patients who are not under the influence of drugs.
Currently, several fixed combinations of metformin and glyburide (glibenclamide) are being marketed outside the US. These include (1) 400 mg metformin / 2.5 mg glibenclamide combinations (Bi-Euglucon from Boehringer in Argentina, and Bi-Euglucon M in Italy; Glibomet from Guidotti / Menarini in the Dominican Republic and Italy; Normell from HMR in Greece and Suguan-M by Hoechst in Italy; Glucored by Sun Pharma in India; Benclamet by Monsanto (by Searle) in India; Glibomet by Guidotti in Lebanon; Glibomet by Berlin Chemie / Menarini in the Slovak Republic and Bi-Euglucon by Roche In uruguay); (2) 500 mg metformin / 5 mg glibenclamide combinations (Glucored from Sun Pharma in India; Benclamet from Monsanto (Searle) in India, Duotrol from USV in India; and Bi-Euglucon M5 from Lakeside (Roche) in Mexico) ; (3) combinations of 500 mg of metformin / 2.5 mg of glibenclamide (Glucomide from Molteni in Italy, Bi-Euglucon M from Lakeside (Roche) in Mexico and Dublex from Szabo's in Uruguay); and (4) 1 g of metformin / 5 mg of glibenclamide (Silanes Sil-Norboral in Mexico).
The prescription for Glucophage® (Metformin from Bristol-Myers Squibb), in the 1999 Physicians' Desk Reference, under "Indications and Use," indicates that Glucophage can be used simultaneously with a sulfonylurea. In addition, under “Dosage and Administration” “Concomitant treatment of Glucophage with oral sulfonylurea” that “if patients have not responded within four weeks of the maximum dose of Glucophage monotherapy, the gradual addition of an oral sulfonylurea should be considered while continuing Glucophage at maximum dose .... With concomitant treatment of Glucophage and sulfonylurea, the desired glycemic control can be obtained by adjusting the dose of each drug. However, attempts should be made to identify the maximum effective dose of each drug to achieve this goal ”. The recommended dosing schedule for Glucophage is a starting dose of 500 mg twice daily or 850 mg once daily with dose increases in increments of 500 mg weekly or 850 mg every 2 weeks up to a 2000 mg total per day.
ES 2 302 702 T3
The bi-Euglucon M and Suguan M package inserts in Italy (400 mg metformin / 2.5 mg glibenclamide) indicate that these drug combinations are used in cases of primary or secondary resistance to sulfonylureas [ie, as treatment second or third line] and that a dose of half a tablet a day is used, increasing the tablet one by one according to blood glucose variations up to 4 tablets a day.
The package inserts for Glibomet (400 mg metformin / 2.5 mg glibenclamide) and Glucomide (500 mg metformin / 2.5 mg glibenclamide) in Italy indicate that these drug combinations are used to treat type 2 diabetes that it is not controllable or cannot be controlled with diet alone or with diet and sulphonylurea [ie, as first-line treatment or second-line treatment].
The Glibomet package insert in Italy indicates a daily dosage of 2 tablets, that is 800 mg of metformin and 5 mg of glibenclamide, up to 2 grams of metformin. The Glucomide package insert in Italy indicates a daily dosage of 2 capsules, ie 1000 mg of metformin up to 2 grams of metformin and 5 mg of glibenclamide.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a use for treating diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, in a human patient who is not under the influence of drugs, wherein therapeutically effective low dose of pharmaceutical formulation including a combination of 250 mg of metformin and 1.25 mg of glyburide, in which the particle size distribution of glyburide is such that at most 10% of the particles are less than 2 μm and at most 10% of the particles are greater than 60 pm should be administered to a human patient who does not you are under the influence of drugs that need treatment, such as first-line treatment through which the daily dose of metformin to be administered will be less than 800 mg. The above combination will preferably provide at least a substantially equivalent efficacy in the treatment of diabetes in patients who are not under the influence of drugs, as do the combinations of metformin and glyburide used at higher doses, such as those prescribed in practice. Generally accepted medicine for first-line treatment in the treatment of diabetes, but with substantially reduced side effects.
It should be understood that the low dose formulation used in the process of the invention will include a starting "low dose" of the active antidiabetic drug components, that is, starting procedures lower than the starting dose for said drugs generally prescribed in medical practice. accepted in first-line treatment for diabetes. Therefore, the above low dose pharmaceutical formulation will include a low dose of metformin and a low dose of glyburide as defined above.
According to the present invention, efficacy in first-line treatment in treating diabetes in patients who are not under the influence of drugs is achieved by employing the low-dose pharmaceutical formulation, in which the starting daily dose of metformin is as low as about one fifth of the starting daily dose of metformin used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes (i.e. a daily starting dose as low as 160 mg of metformin per day), up to a daily maintenance dose of metformin used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line or second-line treatment to treat diabetes (i.e. up to 800 mg of metformin per day). Preferably, the maximum daily maintenance dose of metformin will be approximately two-thirds of the daily maintenance dose of metformin used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes.
In carrying out the invention, the starting daily dose of metformin will be as low as about 25% to about 60% of the starting daily dose of metformin used in generally accepted medical practice for the first-line treatment of treat diabetes (i.e. a starting daily dose of 160 to 500 mg of metformin, preferably 250 or 500 mg of metformin).
In the use of the invention, the low dose formulation will be used in first line treatment in a daily dose to provide less than 800 mg of metformin per day, preferably no more than 750 mg of metformin per day, more preferably no more. 600 mg of metformin per day, and a starting dose of 160 to 500 mg per day, preferably 250 mg per day or 500 mg per day, in single or divided doses of one to four tablets daily.
Glyburide is used in a daily starting dose as low as about one fifth of the daily starting dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line or second-line treatment for diabetes (i.e., a minimum daily starting dose as low as 0.5 mg). When necessary, the starting dose of glyburide can be titrated up to a daily maintenance dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line or second-line treatment for diabetes (i.e., up to a maximum of 15 mg glyburide per day). Preferably, the maximum daily dose of glyburide will be approximately two-thirds of the daily maintenance dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes (i.e., up to a maximum of 2.5 to 10 mg glyburide per day).
Preferably, glyburide will be employed in a daily starting dose as low as about 20% to about 60% of the daily starting dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes (i.e. , a minimum starting dose as low as 0.5 mg to 3.5 mg, more preferably 1.25 mg or 2.5 mg). Glyburide can be titrated to a daily maintenance dose of about 40 to about 100%, preferably about 40 to about 100%.
ES 2 302 702 T3 approximately 60% of the daily maintenance dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes (i.e. a daily maintenance dose of 2 to 15 mg, preferably a daily maintenance dose 2.5 to 10 mg maximum daily).
The above daily dose of glyburide can be used in single or divided doses of one to four tablets daily.
Metformin and glyburide can be formulated as a single tablet, which can be used in single or divided doses one to four times a day.
The terms "low dose combination", "low dose formulation" or "low dose pharmaceutical formulation", as used herein, refer to a formulation that includes a daily starting dose of 250 mg of metformin. and 1.25 mg of glyburide.
Until now, the combinations of metformin and glyburide have been used, usually with few exceptions, as a second-line treatment in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The generally accepted daily doses for such second-line treatment using fixed combinations of metformin and glyburide range from 3 to 4 tablets containing 400 to 500 mg of metformin and 2 to 2.5 mg of glyburide, or approximately 1,200 to 2,000 mg of metformin and 6 to 10 mg of glyburide per day.
As indicated before in relation to Glibomet and Glucomide (fixed combinations of metformin and glyburide) marketed in Italy, these combinations can be used as first-line treatment (patients who are not under the influence of drugs) at a daily dose of 800 at 1000 mg up to 2 grams of metformin and 5 mg of glibenclamide (glyburide).
The above doses may be included within the term "dose" as prescribed in generally accepted medical practice for first-line or second-line treatment for treating diabetes. In some refractory cases of diabetes, up to 15 mg of glyburide may be indicated.
As indicated above in relation to Boehringer's Bi-Euglucon M and Hoechst's Suguan M (fixed combinations of metformin and glibenclamide) marketed in Italy, these combinations are used as second-line treatment in a daily dose starting with half a tablet, ie say 200 mg of metformin and 1.25 mg of glibenclamide. Low starting or starting doses are used to determine if the patient can tolerate the drugs. Furthermore, there appears to be no known and available first-line treatment clinical trial to support the use of these starting doses. These starting doses are titrated gradually upward from half a tablet one at a time to 4 tablets per day until an effective dose is achieved. Therefore, the initial or starting daily dose of half a tablet or 200 mg of metformin and 1.25 mg of glibenclamide is not considered herein as "doses as prescribed in generally accepted medical practice to treat diabetes. ”.
Surprisingly it has been found that the use of the combination of metformin and glyburide according to the present invention gives the following benefits. Low-dose metformin is an insulin sensitizer and decreases insulin resistance in the liver, muscle, and pancreas. The low-dose metformin-glyburide combination acts on the pancreas as a glucose sensitizer; decreases glucose toxicity in the pancreas and improves the function of the pancreas.
Furthermore, according to the present, there is provided a use for treating diabetes, especially type 2 diabetes, in a human patient who is not under the influence of drugs, wherein a starting low dose formulation including a The combination of metformin and glyburide as defined above should be administered to a human patient not who is not under the influence of drugs in need of treatment, as first-line treatment. The low starting dose combination preferably provides at least substantially equivalent efficacy in treating diabetes in patients who are not under the influence of drugs as do the metformin and glyburide combinations used in doses (including starting doses). prescribed in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes, but with substantially reduced side effects.
The daily starting dose of metformin is as low as 20% of the daily starting dose of metformin used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes, preferably a daily starting dose of 250 mg or 500 mg.
The daily starting dose of glyburide is as low as 20% of the daily starting dose of glyburide used in generally accepted medical practice for first-line treatment to treat diabetes, preferably a daily starting dose of 1.25 mg. or 2.5 mg.
Furthermore, in accordance with the present invention, there is provided a use for lowering fasting plasma glucose, lowering insulin resistance, lowering hemoglobin A1c, increasing postprandial insulin, and / or lowering postprandial glucose drift in a patient. human diabetic, wherein a low dose pharmaceutical formulation including a combination of metformin and glyburide as defined above is to be administered as first line treatment to a human patient who is not under the influence of drugs.
ES 2 302 702 T3
By carrying out the invention using the preferred low starting dose pharmaceutical formulation containing metformin and glyburide as defined above to treat patients who are not under the influence of drugs, the efficacy of treating patients who are not under the influence the influence of drugs is at least substantially equivalent and the incidence of side effects (gastrointestinal side effects and hypoglycemia) is surprisingly significantly and substantially reduced compared to patients receiving higher daily doses of metformin and glyburide (ie, starting doses prescribed in generally accepted medical practice for treating diabetes). Therefore, although the efficacy in the treatment of patients who are not under the influence of drugs measured by a decrease in the levels of hemoglobin A1c (HbA<sub>1 C</sub>) with respect to their baseline value over time, decrease in fasting plasma glucose (FPG) levels, increase in postprandial insulin levels and decrease in postprandial glucose deviation (GPP), is essentially substantially equivalent in the patients described above when using the low dose pharmaceutical formulation used herein and substantially higher daily doses, the incidence of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects in patients not under the influence of drugs treated with substantially higher daily doses are substantially higher than in patients treated with the low dose pharmaceutical formulation.
The dose for use in the present specification is 250 mg of metformin / 1.25 mg of glyburide.
The low-dose pharmaceutical formulation of metformin and glyburide is used as initial treatment, that is, as an adjunct to diet and exercise to improve glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
The ADA recommends an Hb treatment goal<sub>TO</sub>i<sub>c</sub><7% (ADA. Diabetes Care 21 [Suppl. 1]: S23-S31, 1998) in order to reduce the risk of complications of type 2 diabetes mellitus, including coronary heart disease and microvascular complications.
The dose of the preferred metformin-glyburide combination should be individualized on the basis of both efficacy and tolerance. It is preferably given with meals and should be started at a low dose, gradually escalating the dose. Ideally, response to treatment should be assessed using HbAic (glycosylated hemoglobin) levels, which is a better indicator of long-term glycemic control than GPA alone. The therapeutic goal in all patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus should improve glyceric control, including GPA, postprandial glucose and HbA1c levels, to normal levels or nearly as normal as possible. Patients will need to be titrated to meet the ADA goal of an Hb level<sub>A1c</sub><7% following dosing recommendations up to the maximum recommended dose. (ADA. Diabetes Care 21 [Suppl. 1]: S23-S32, 1998).
As initial treatment, the starting dose of the metformin-glyburide combination is 250 / 1.25 mg once daily, taken with a meal. For patients with baseline HbA1c> 9% or fasting glucose> 200 mg / dl, a recommended starting dose of 250 / 1.5 mg twice daily with morning and evening meals may be preferable. the night. Dose increases should preferably be in increments of 250 / 1.5 mg, every 2 weeks, up to the minimum effective dose necessary to achieve adequate glycemic control.
The low dose metformin glyburide formulation of the present invention is set forth below.
<td></td><td>Ingredient amount, mg per tablet</td>
<td>Product identity</td><td>250 / 1.25 or 500 / 2.5 or 500 / 5.0</td>
<td>Ingredient</td><td></td>
<td>Metformin hydrochloride</td><td>250.0 or 500.0</td>
<td>Glyburide</td><td>1.25 or 2.5 or 5</td>
<td>Croscarmellose sodium</td><td> 3,0-15,0</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 15,0-60,0</td>
<td>Polyvinyl pyrrolidone</td><td> 3,0-20</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 0,3-7,5</td>
<td>Film coating *</td><td> 4,5-12,0</td>
<td colspan="2">* A commercially available film-coated composition is used, such as Opadry (Colorcon, UK).</td>
ES 2 302 702 T3
The especially preferred low dose metformin-glyburide formulation (250 / 1.25) of the present invention is as follows:
<td rowspan="2">Product identity</td><td colspan="2">Ingredient amount, mg per tablet</td>
<td> 250/1,25</td><td> 500/2,5 500/5,0</td>
<td>Ingredient</td><td></td><td></td>
<td>Metformin hydrochloride *</td><td> 251,25</td><td> 502,50 502,50</td>
<td>Glyburide</td><td> 1,25</td><td> 2,5 5,0</td>
<td>Croscarmellose sodium</td><td> 7,0</td><td> 14 14</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 28,25</td><td> 56,50 54,0</td>
<td>Polyvinyl pyrrolidone</td><td> 10,0</td><td> 20 20</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 2,25</td><td> 4,50 4,50</td>
<td>Film coating **</td><td> 6</td><td> 12,0 12,0</td>
<td colspan="3">'contains 99.5% metformin HCl and 0.5% Mg stearate (w / w)</td>
<td>** a composition with</td><td colspan="2">film coating available</td>
<td colspan="3">commercially, such as Opadry (Colorcon, UK).</td>
The 500 mg metformin / 2.5 mg glyburide and 500 mg metformin / 5.0 mg glyburide doses are reference examples.
The low dose pharmaceutical formulation containing the metformin-glyburide combination will preferably be formulated in accordance with the teachings described in US application Serial No. 09 / 353,141, filed July 14, 1999, which claims priority over European application No. 98401781.4 filed on July 15, 1998.
The low dose pharmaceutical formulation employed in the use of the invention in the form of a solid oral form, such as a tablet, will contain the combination of metformin-glyburide as described in US application Serial No. 09 / 353,141, filed July 14, 1999, and as such will include glyburide, which has glyburide bioavailability comparable to glyburide availability obtained with separate administration of metformin and glyburide. This is achieved by using glyburide in a predetermined particle size distribution. Therefore, the metformin-glyburide formulation will contain a combination of metformin and glyburide, in which the size of the glyburide is such that a maximum of 10% of the particles are less than 2 pm and a maximum of 10 % of the particles are greater than 60 pm. Preferably, the size of the glyburide is such that at most 10% of the particles are less than 3 pm and at most 10% of the particles are greater than 40 pm. This specific glyburide size range can be obtained by sieving or by air jet milling.
In a second embodiment, the low dose solid oral dosage form will contain a combination of metformin and glyburide, wherein the glyburide size is such that at most 25% of the particles are less than 11 pm and At most 25% of the particles are greater than 46 pm.
Preferably, 50% of the particles are less than 23 pm.
More preferred is a combination of metformin and glyburide, where glyburide has a particle size distribution of about 25% of the value below the size not greater than 6 pm, approximately 50% of the value below the size 7 to 10 pm and about 75% of the value below the size not greater than 23 pm.
The term "diabetes", as used herein, refers to Type 2 (or Type II) diabetes mellitus or non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM).
The term "metformin" as used herein, refers to metformin or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, such as the hydrochloride salt, the fumarate salt of metformin (2: 1) and the salt
ES 2 302 702 T3 metformin succinate (2: 1), as described in US application Serial No. 09 / 262,526 filed March 4, 1999, the hydrobromide salt, acetate or embonate of p-chlorophenoxy, and other known salts of metformin mono and dibasic carboxylic acids, including those described in US Patent No. 3-174,901, all salts collectively referred to as metformin. It is preferred that the metformin employed herein is the metformin hydrochloride salt, namely that marketed as Glucophage® (trademark of Bristol-Myers Squibb Company).
The term "substantially reduced side effects", as used herein, refers to the reduced incidence of hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal adverse events, including diarrhea, nausea / vomiting and / or abdominal pain, that occurs with the use of the low-dose pharmaceutical formulation in patients who are not under the influence of drugs compared to patients being treated with the same active components in the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention, but at higher doses.
The term "at least substantially equivalent efficacy" in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, as used herein, refers to the efficacy of the low-dose pharmaceutical formulation in treating patients who are not under the influence of drugs to reduce and / or maintain hemoglobin A levels<sub>1 C</sub> (glycosylated hemoglobin) to 7% or less, decrease insulin resistance (increasing postprandial insulin level) and / or decrease postprandial glucose deviation (GPP), compared to patients treated with the same active components in the pharmaceutical formulation of the invention, but at higher doses.
The term "postprandial drift", as used herein, refers to the difference between postprandial glucose (GPP) and fasting plasma glucose (GPA) levels.
The low dose pharmaceutical formulation containing metformin in combination with glyburide, as defined above, can be administered orally in the same dosage form in different oral dosage forms or by injection.
The use of metformin in combination with glyburide is believed to produce antihyperglycemic results superior to those possible with each of these medications alone and superior to the combined additive antihyperglycemic effects produced by these medications.
Metformin will be used in a weight ratio to glyburide of approximately 200: 1.
In carrying out the invention, a low dose pharmaceutical formulation or composition containing metformin and glyburide in association with a pharmaceutical carrier or diluent will be employed. The low dose pharmaceutical formulation can be formulated employing conventional liquid or solid carriers or diluents and pharmaceutical additives of a type suitable for the mode of administration desired. The low dose pharmaceutical formulation can be administered to mammalian species, including humans, monkeys, dogs, etc. orally, for example, in the form of tablets, capsules, granules or powders, or it can be administered parenterally in the form of injectable preparations. The dose for patients who are not under the influence of drugs is as described above, which can be administered in a single dose or in divided doses, 1-4 times a day.
The above dosage forms may also include the necessary physiologically acceptable material, excipient, lubricant, buffer, antibacterial, thickening agent (such as mannitol), antioxidants (ascorbic acid or sodium bisulfite), or the like.
The administered dose should be closely adjusted according to the age, weight and condition of the patient, as well as the route of administration, the form and dosage regimen, and the desired result.
The combination of the metformin or salt thereof and glyburide can be formulated separately or, where possible, in a single formulation employing standard formulation procedures.
The various formulations of the invention may optionally include one or more fillers or excipients in an amount within the range of from about 0 to about 90% by weight, and preferably from about 1 to about 80% by weight, such as lactose, sugar, cornstarch, modified cornstarch, mannitol, sorbitol, inorganic salts such as calcium carbonate and / or cellulose derivatives such as wood cellulose and microcrystalline cellulose.
There may be one or more binders, in addition to or in place of the fillers in an amount within the range of from about 0 to about 35%, and preferably from about 0.5 to about 30%, by weight of the composition. Examples of such binders suitable for use herein include polyvinyl pyrrolidone (molecular weight ranges from about 5000 to about 80,000, and preferably from about 40,000), lactose, starches such as cornstarch, cornstarch modified, sugars, gum arabic and the like, as well as a wax binder in finely powdered form (less than 500 microns), such as carnauba dinner, paraffin, spermaceti, polyethylenes or microcrystalline wax.
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When the composition is to be in tablet form, one or more tablet lubricants will be included in an amount within the range of about 0.2 to about 8%, and preferably about 0.5 to about 2% by weight of the composition, such as magnesium stearate, stearic acid, palmitic acid, calcium stearate, talc, carnauba wax, and the like.
Other conventional ingredients that may optionally be present include silica or glidant preservatives, stabilizers, anti-sticks or flow conditioners, such as Syloid brand silicon dioxide, as well as FD&C colors.
Tablets can also include a coating layer, which can comprise from 0 to about 15% by weight of the tablet composition. The coating layer that is applied on the external solid phase containing particles of the internal solid phase embedded therein may comprise any conventional coating formulation and will include one or more film formers or binders, such as a hydrophilic polymer, such as hydroxypropylmethylcellulose. , and / or a hydrophobic polymer such as a neutral polymer of methacrylic acid esters, ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, polyvinyl alcohol-maleic anhydride copolymers, β-pinene polymers, glyceryl esters of wood resins and the like, and one or more plasticizers, such as triethyl citrate, diethyl phthalate, propylene glycol, glycerin, butyl phthalate, castor oil, and Similar. Both core tablets as well as coating formulations may contain aluminum gaps to provide color.
Film formers are applied from a solvent system that contains one or more solvents, including water, alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol or isopropyl alcohol, ketones such as acetone, or ethyl methyl ketone, chlorinated hydrocarbons such as methylene chloride , dichloroethane and 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
When a color is used, the color will be applied in conjunction with the film former, plasticizer, and solvent compositions.
The finished dosage form is a compressed tablet or a hard gelatin capsule, preferably a tablet. Optionally, the tablet can be film-coated. The total amount of drug per dosage unit would be such that it offers a dosage form of a comfortable size for patients.
The low-dose pharmaceutical formulation in the form of a tablet can be obtained by a procedure such as that described in U.S. Application Serial No. 09 / 353,141, filed July 14, 1999, which includes the steps of
a) form granules by wet granulation of a mixture of metformin and glyburide
b) mixing the granules with a compression aid and a diluent, and
c) compressing the mixture and thereby obtaining tablets.
The mixture used to form the granules includes a granulation binder. Preferably, the granulation binder is a polyvinylpyrrolidone such as, for example, a polyvinylpyrrolidone having a molecular weight of 45,000. Polyvinylpyrrolidone can be used in a proportion of 2 to 4% by weight in relation to the final tablet.
After the granulation step, the granules can be screened and dried.
The granules are then mixed with a diluent and a compression aid. The diluent can be a conventional filler normally used to make tablets, such as microcrystalline cellulose. The compression aid can be a conventional material, such as magnesium stearate.
The tablets thus obtained may then optionally be coated with a hydrophilic cellulose polymer and talc. The hydrophilic cellulose polymer is preferably 2-hydroxypropylmethylcellulose.
Figures 1 and 2 are bar graphs depicting the change in hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) by number of tablets of metformin / glyburide fixed combinations used in first-line therapy versus monotherapy with each, metformin and glyburide.
Figures 3, 4, and 5 are bar graphs depicting the change in HbA1c over time produced by fixed metformin / glyburide combinations used in first-line therapy versus monotherapy with each, glyburide and metformin.
Figure 7 is a bar graph depicting basal and postprandial insulin levels produced by fixed metformin / glyburide combinations in first-line therapy versus glyburide and metformin monotherapy.
Figures 8A and 8B are bar graphs representing the change in GPA deviation from baseline and after 20 weeks of fixed metformin / glyburide combinations used in first-line treatment versus monotherapy with each, glyburide and metformin.
ES 2 302 702 T3
Figure 9 is a bar graph, depicting hypoglycemic symptoms in subjects treated with metformin / glyburide fixed combinations used in first-line therapy versus monotherapy with each, glyburide and metformin.
Figure 10 is a bar graph, depicting the frequency of gastrointestinal adverse events in subjects treated with fixed combinations of metformin / glyburide used in first-line therapy versus monotherapy with each, glyburide and metformin.
The following examples illustrate the invention.
Examples 1 to 3
Tablets containing metformin / glyburide combinations were prepared as described below.
Composition of 250 mg / 1.25 mg, 500 mg / 2.5 mg and 500 mg / 5 mg metformin hydrochloride-glyburide tablets
<td></td><td>Example 1</td><td>Example 2 ref.</td><td>Example 3 ref.</td>
<td>Ingredient</td><td colspan="3">AMOUNT PER TABLET (mg) 250mg / 1.25mg 500mg / 2.5mg 500mg / 5mg</td>
<td>Metformin hydrochloride *</td><td> 251,25</td><td> 502,50</td><td> 502,50</td>
<td>Glyburide</td><td> 1,25</td><td> 2,5</td><td> 5</td>
<td>Croscarmellose sodium</td><td> 7,00</td><td> 14,0</td><td> 14,0</td>
<td>Povidone</td><td> 10,00</td><td> 20,0</td><td> 20,0</td>
<td>Microcrystalline cellulose</td><td> 28,25</td><td> 56,5</td><td> 54,0</td>
<td>Magnesium stearate</td><td> 2,25</td><td> 4,5</td><td> 4,5</td>
<td>Film coating **</td><td> 6</td><td> 12</td><td> 12</td>
<td colspan="4">'contains 99.5% metformin HCl and 0.5% magnesium stearate (w / w) "HPMC based film coating used</td>
The metformin hydrochloride-glyburide tablet products, 250 mg / 1.25 mg and 500 mg / 2.5 mg and 500 mg / 5 mg were compressed from the same granulation. The lower strength tablet was compressed to half the weight of the 500 mg / 2.5 mg metformin hydrochloride-glyburide tablet. Tablets manufactured for clinical use were film-coated with a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) film coating. The film coating was non-functional and was applied for aesthetic reasons. The film coating applied to the clinical product was transparent.
The manufacturing procedure for the clinical products continued as follows:
Croscarmellose sodium and glyburide were dispersed together, followed by mixing with metformin hydrochloride / magnesium stearate (99.5%: 0.5% w / w) in a high shear mixer. The resulting dry blend was granulated in a high shear mixer with an aqueous povidone solution and dried in a fluid bed drier at approximately 60 ° C to achieve the required moisture content, determined by loss on drying. The dry granulation was reduced with a screen mill and mixed with the microcrystalline cellulose using a drum mixer. Magnesium stearate was incorporated as a lubricant using a drum mixer to produce the final compression mix.
The resulting mixture was compressed into tablets to obtain a target weight which was adjusted based on the moisture content determinations during the process, in a suitable tabletting die. The theoretical weight of the tablet (according to the composition of the formula without adjusting according to the moisture content) was 300 mg for the concentration of 250 mg / 1.25 mg and 600 mg for the products of concentration 500 / 2.5 mg.
ES 2 302 702 T3
The tablets were film coated in a perforated coating pan with a suitable aqueous non-functional HPMC based film coating system until the required amount of film coating has been applied. The typical level of film coating applied to the tablets was 2% w / w.
In vivo evaluations of the tablet formulations with the prototype combination identified the target particle size distribution for use in the clinical program to obtain a Micronase-comparable bioavailability of the combination product. The particle size distribution of any batch of glyburide was described by three cumulative size criteria: 25% fines, 50% fines (also known as the mass median particle size TMPM), and 75% of fines. The clinical program involved a total of six batches of the glyburide drug substance with the 25% fine value variable between 4-7 pm, the 50% fine value variable between 8-14 pm and the 75% fine value. Fine variable between 17-26 pm. The same supplier, Profármaco, synthesized the six batches of glyburide, four of which were micronized by Profármaco. The particle size distributions of the four batches produced are detailed in the table below.
Particle size data for glyburide drug substance batches used in the clinical program
<td rowspan="2">Lot Number</td><td colspan="3">Particle size<sup>TO</sup> (units are equivalent sphere diameters in pm)</td>
<td>25% fine</td><td>50% fine</td><td>75% fine</td>
<td> 1</td><td> 5</td><td> 9</td><td> 21</td>
<td> 2</td><td> 5</td><td> 9</td><td> 21</td>
<td> 3</td><td> 4</td><td> 8</td><td> 18</td>
<td> 4</td><td> 5</td><td> 9</td><td> 18</td>
Particle size measured by laser light scattering, reference procedure No. CRM 8532 (No. sm 248533)
The proposed particle size specification included the three cumulative size criteria described above with a range for the mean particle size by mass (50% fines) and an upper limit for the lower quartile (25% fines) and the quarter higher (75% fine). The established particle size specification for glyburide has been based on the glyburide particle size used in bioavailability studies, the experience of several clinical batches, the nearly equal nature of the size distributions of commercially produced glyburide, and the precision of the particle size procedure. The particle size criteria described below ensured the dissolution reproducibility and bioavailability of glyburide in metformin hydrochloride-glyburide tablets.
value of 25 fines not greater than 6 pm value of 50% of fines from 7-10 pm value of 75% of fines not greater than 23 pm
Example 4
A. Summary of 5 clinical protocols (1) Purpose
The following study was conducted to compare the glyceric control of 2 dose concentrations of a fixed combination of the metformin / glyburide product (described in Examples 1 and 2) versus placebo in patients not under the influence of drugs with diabetes mellitus. type 2 who have had inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise. The fixed combination product dose concentrations evaluated included metformin 250 mg with glyburide 1.25 mg and metformin 500 mg with glyburide 2.5 mg. Glycemic control was assessed using hemoglobin A1c (HbA<sub>1 C</sub>), the gold standard of long-term glycemic control. Mean change in HbA level was compared<sub>1 C</sub> compared to baseline after a treatment period of 20 weeks (4 weeks stable with the once-daily dose, 4 weeks of titration and 12 weeks of stable dose). The treatment phase continued for a further 12 weeks to assess the duration of efficacy.
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The contribution of the individual components of the fixed combination product was evaluated by comparing the short-term glycemic parameters of the combination product and monotherapy arms after 4 weeks of stable once daily dosing. Glycemic control was achieved with a similar incidence of hypoglycaemia with fixed-dose combinations compared with sulfonylurea alone or tending towards a decrease in gastrointestinal side effects compared with metformin alone. Glycemic control was achieved with decreasing trends in adverse events compared to any agent alone. Trends in hypoglycemia, gastrointestinal symptoms, and lactate levels were evaluated.
(2) Study centers and subject population
Eligible subjects had not previously received drug treatment and had not received oral antihyperglycemic treatment during the 2 months prior to screening. Approximately 100 study centers located in the USA were recruited up to a maximum of approximately 800 subjects. Eligible subjects included both men and women between 30 and 78 years of age with established type 2 diabetes mellitus, a history of impaired glucose tolerance or impaired fasting glucose levels, exhibiting inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise.
(3) Study design and duration
This study was a 34-week, multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel group study with an optional open-label long-term treatment phase.
(4) Outcome measures
Analysis of outcome measures for periods B and C was performed after data from the 32-week randomized treatment period were available tophi.
The primary outcome variable for efficacy was change in HbAi level<sub>c</sub> relative to baseline of the two combination treatments versus placebo after 20 weeks of randomized treatment.
Secondary outcomes included the following:
- The incidence of adverse events, in particular hypoglycemia and gastrointestinal side effects, was compared between the treatment arms after 20 and 32 weeks of randomized treatment.
- The number and proportion of subjects achieving a response to therapeutic glucose was evaluated between the treatment arms after 20 and 32 weeks of randomized treatment.
- The reduction of postprandial glucose and insulin levels in the fasting state and at 2 hours was evaluated between the treatment arms after 20 and 32 weeks of randomized treatment:
B. Analysis
Metformin and sulfonylureas, such as glyburide, are a known and effective combination in the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The two drugs have been shown to have a synergistic effect on lowering glucose levels when used in combination. Either drug can be used only as first-line monotherapy. They can also be used in combination with each other if the monotherapy of any of them is inadequate. Currently there are no data on the use of low-dose combination therapy for first-line use.
Treatment with a fixed-dose combination tablet was expected to improve glycemic control as first-line treatment in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus with inadequate control with diet and exercise. Glycemic control was expected to be achieved at lower doses than monotherapy with comparable or fewer potential side effects produced by the individual agents and with ease of administration.
This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise tested the following hypotheses:
1. Administration of a fixed-dose combination product of metformin / glyburide for 20 weeks (4 weeks with stable dose, a stable dose in period B and 16 weeks of treatment in period C) in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise will produce significant reductions in HbA1c compared to placebo.
2. Administration of a metformin / glyburide fixed-dose combination product for 32 weeks in subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus who have inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise is well tolerated.
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C. Objectives (1) Main
To compare, after 20 weeks of oral administration, the effect of 2 dose concentrations (Examples 1 and 2) of a fixed combination tablet of metformin / glyburide that has been titrated for glycemic control on the reduction of the HbA1c level versus placebo. .
(2) Secondary (including the following)
1. To assess the safety and tolerability between the treatment arms after 20 and 32 weeks of randomized treatment. Glycemic control with a similar incidence of hypoglycaemia can be achieved with fixed-dose combinations compared to sulfonylurea alone or decreased side effects compared to metformin alone.
2. Assess after 20 weeks and assess after 32 weeks, the proportion of subjects with a therapeutic response in glycemic control to oral administration of each metformin / glyburide combination regimen when compared with the therapeutic response achieved with the metformin monotherapy regimens. , glyburide in monotherapy and placebo. The therapeutic plasma glucose response will be defined as GPA <126 mg / dL (according to current ADA guidelines for GPA).
The therapeutic response for HbA1c will be defined as HbA1c <7%.
3. Assess after 20 weeks and assess after 32 weeks reductions in fasting glucose and postprandial glucose and insulin levels 2 hours after oral administration of each fixed combination of metformin / glyburide regimen with reduced fasting glucose and the 2-hour postprandial glucose and insulin level achieved with metformin monotherapy, glyburide monotherapy, and placebo.
Four. Assess the duration of reductions in HbAi levels<sub>c</sub> after 32 weeks of administration of the metformin / glyburide fixed combination product.
5. To assess the long-term safety and efficacy of metformin / glyburide fixed combination products.
D. Study design
This was a multicenter, randomized, five-arm, parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of the anti-hyperglycemic activity of a metformin / glyburide foja combination tablet as first-line treatment in subjects with type diabetes mellitus. 2 who have inadequate glycemic control (HbAic <7%) with diet and exercise. Patients had not previously received drugs or were on oral anti-hyperglycemic therapy during the 2 months prior to screening. Approximately 100 centers in the US recruited up to 800 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had inadequate glycemic control defined as HbA<sub>1 C</sub> between 7-11% with diet and exercise. The minimum number of patients required to achieve the main outcome was a total of 500 patients or 100 patients per arm. However, recruitment continued for up to 6 months to recruit up to a maximum of 150 patients per arm to provide additional safety information. The design included 3 periods as follows:
(1) Period A
Two-week diet and placebo run-in phase
This initial phase included dietary instructions on a diabetes prudent and weight-maintenance ecaloric diet consistent with ADA guidelines or a balanced diet of approximately 55% carbohydrates, 20% protein, and 25% of fats. The tolerability of the administration of multiple capsules and tablets was evaluated with placebo. Home glucose meters were dispensed with instructions on their use.
(2) Period B
Stable dose double-blind phase once daily for 4 weeks
Period B began the sham, randomized, double-blind treatment phase with quadruple parallel groups. Eligible patients were randomized to 1 of 5 arms of the study, which included placebo, glyburide monotherapy, metformin monotherapy, and two different dose concentrations of the metformin / glyburide fixed combination product (Examples 1 and 2). Subjects were maintained on once-daily dosing for a period of 4 weeks, so that the contribution of the individual components of the fixed combination product can be assessed by short-term glycemic parameters.
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This 4 week phase of stable once daily dosing illustrated the contribution of the individual components of the fixed combination product using short term glycemic parameters. Glycemic control was evaluated with fructosamine and fasting glucose.
(3) Period C
Double-blind titration phase and stable dose of 28 weeks
Period C was the continuation of the randomized, double-blind treatment phase. Subjects were titrated according to glycemic control for the first four weeks, then the dose was maintained during a 24-week segment of stable dose treatment. Analysis of the main outcome, change in HbAi levels<sub>c </sub>Regarding the baseline situation of the two combination therapies (examples 1 and 2) in relation to placebo, week 16 of period C was evaluated, which was after 20 weeks of double-blind randomized treatment. This was done at this time as adequate time had elapsed for HbA stabilization.<sub>1 C</sub> and for safety reasons, as it was anticipated that a high number of placebo-treated patients may have had to abandon the randomized study medication due to insufficient glycemic control due to prolonged treatment duration. Subjects who did not drop out of the study drug to which they had been randomized due to lack of efficacy remained on stable doses for a total of 24 weeks, to assess the durability of efficacy and gather additional data on safety and tolerability. The study remained blinded, and subjects who dropped out of the study drug to which they had been randomized due to lack of efficacy were eligible to continue the long-term open-label treatment phase with the fixed combination product.
This 28-week phase included an initial 4-week titration segment to improve glycemic control, followed by a 24-week stable dose phase. Main outcome analysis was assessed at week 16 of period C. Subjects were assessed to determine discontinuation of study drug to which they had been randomized due to lack of glycemic control, beginning at visit C1 through C85. Lack of efficacy in subjects was assessed at visit C113 and at all subsequent visits until the end of randomized treatment. Randomized study drug allocation remained in a blinded pattern. Subjects who continued to receive the randomized study drug continued in the stable dose phase for a total of 28 weeks, to allow evaluation of the durability of efficacy and to gather additional data on safety and tolerability. Subjects were assessed for discontinuation of study medication due to lack of glycemic control on or after visit C1 (week 0, period C).
Dosage
Study drugs for this study were defined as: placebo, glyburide, metformin, metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg, and metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg. For blind purposes, this study incorporated a quadruple simulation design. Patients who met the inclusion criteria without meeting any exclusion criteria, who met the glycemic criteria for period A, were eligible for recruitment for period A.
Period A
This period was a blind phase of run-in of a branch to analyze the tolerability of the patient to the ingestion of multiple capsules and tablets in addition to assessing compliance with the quadruple simulation design. Patients received kits containing four bottles of placebo corresponding to the study drug.
Week o (visit A1) - Subjects were instructed to take 1 capsule or tablet from each bottle with their first morning meal.
Week 1 (visit A8) - instructed subjects to take 1 capsule or tablet from each bottle with their first meal of the day and a second capsule or tablet from each bottle with their evening meal.
Period B
After the completion of the one-arm run-in blind phase (period A), qualified subjects began treatment in the double-blind randomized phase (period B). At visit A15 / B1, subjects were randomized to once daily dosing with breakfast of placebo, glyburide 2.5 mg, metformin 500 mg, metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg, or metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg. Once daily dosing was stable for a total of 4 weeks.
Period C
Following completion of the 4-week once-daily dose stable phase (period B), subjects continued with the same randomized treatment in the 28-week titration / stable dose treatment phase (period C). Study medication was titrated at visits C1, C15, and C29. The dose of the medication was administered with the first meal in the morning and with the evening meal. Potential maximum doses achieved included glyburide 10 mg, metformin 2000 mg, metformin / glyburide 1000/5 mg, metformin / glyburide 2000/10 mg.
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After the 4-week titration segment in period C, subjects continued on a stable dose of study medication for the remainder of period C.
Once adequate glycemic control was achieved or when the maximum dose was reached, study drug was not increased and only decreased when hypoglycemia was documented.
Results
The results obtained in the previous studies indicate that with the low-dose metformin-glyburide formulation (250 / 1.25) of the invention, a glycemic control was achieved at least essentially equivalent to the high-dose formulation of metformin-glyburide (500 / 2.5), as evidenced by (1) a therapeutic response for hemoglobin A1c, namely a reduction in HbA1c levels of less than 7% (from a mean baseline value of 8.2%) week 20 (figures 1, 2 and 3) weeks 20 and 32 and at the final visit (Figures 4 and 5).
(2) A therapeutic response in fasting plasma glucose (GPA) levels, namely a reduction in GPA to less than 126 mg / dl after 20 weeks (from a baseline value of approximately 175 mg / dl), (as shown in Figures 6) (3) A therapeutic response of postprandial insulin levels, namely, an increase in postprandial insulin of 19-25 pui / ml (microinternational units / ml) (Figure 7) (4) A postprandial glucose shift (GPP) therapeutic response (i.e., the difference between postprandial glucose levels and fasting plasma glucose), namely a decrease in postprandial glucose deviation at week 20 of 17.7 for the 500 / 2.5 mg combination and 20.8 for the 150/1 combination, 25 mg vs. 15.2 for metformin, 6.8 for glyburide. (Figures 8A and 8B).
At the same time, the above efficacy results using the low dose formulation of the invention (Example 1) were achieved with a reduced incidence of side effects (Figures 9 and 10).
As seen in Figure 9, the incidence of hypoglycemia using the low dose formulation of the prior art (Example 2) used in generally accepted medical practice to treat diabetes.
As seen in Figure 10, the incidence of gastrointestinal side effects using the low dose formulation of the invention (example 1) is less than 20% of that produced using the high dose formulation (example 2) used in generally accepted medical practice for treating diabetes.
Below is a discussion of past results.
Progression to clinical type 2 diabetes takes time and requires the presence of multiple physiological defects that are already present by the time individuals are diagnosed with diabetes. Oral therapeutic options for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, until recent years, have been very limited. Furthermore, with the continued progression of the disease over time, it is to be expected that all oral antihyperglycemic treatments will be less effective, leading to inadequate glycemic control for the patient.
Traditionally, combination therapy has been indicated for second-line use if initial treatment with a single agent is found to be ineffective, something called 'primary failure', or after initially effective agents are found to be ineffective. ineffective in maintaining glucose control, something called "secondary failure." Switching from a failing monotherapy to an alternative monotherapy has not been proven to be effective in achieving glycemic control; Only the addition of a second agent with a different mechanism of action has been shown to improve glycemic control. Since a combination of insulin resistance and relative deficiency in insulin secretion is the pathophysiological basis for type 2 diabetes, it is expected that combinations of agents offer greater therapeutic potential. Therefore, both clinical experience and pathophysiological evidence support the use of combination therapy in earlier stages of the disease process.
Although a fixed combination of metformin and glyburide is not a new concept and, as discussed above, there are different forms of it available outside the US for first and second line treatment, the use of combination treatment, to Low or moderate doses, as first-line treatment in patients who are not under the influence of drugs, has never been studied in large controlled clinical studies. The goal with any anti-hyperglycemic therapy is to treat to a near-euglycemic goal, an HbA level.<sub>1 C</sub> <7% as recommended by the ADA. However, depending on the duration of diabetes and the progression of the disease, a single agent may not provide the necessary efficacy to bring even newly diagnosed patients to their target goal. The data presented in this summary provides evidence that a metformin / glyburide low-dose fixed combination product is safe and provides the efficient anti-hyperglycemic potency necessary to bring most drug-naïve patients up to your ADA recommended glycemic target.
ES 2 302 702 T3
As first-line therapy, a single formulation of the fixed combination of metformin / glyburide in a 200: 1 ratio of metformin / glyburide was evaluated using two different dose concentrations, a low dose (metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg ) and a half (metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg). The two dose concentrations of the metformin / glyburide fixed combination product were compared in a double-blind study with placebo, glyburide monotherapy, and metformin monotherapy. The final mean doses achieved in each treatment arm were approximately 5.3 mg of glyburide, 1307 mg of metformin, 557 / 2.78 mg of the fixed low-dose combination of metformin / glyburide (250 / 1.25 mg), and 818 / 4.1 mg of the fixed medium dose combination (500 / 2.5 mg). When used as first-line therapy, metformin / glyburide fixed combination treatment achieved a statistically significant improvement in glycemic control compared to metformin, glyburide, or placebo. Interim data from open-label therapy confirmed the clinical utility of fixed combination therapy in a more 'glycemically diverse' patient population and over a longer period of time.
Security
As use in first line therapy, two dose concentrations of metformin / glyburide were evaluated; a low dose concentration (250 / 1.25 mg) and a medium dose concentration (500 / 2.5 mg) were compared with placebo, glyburide and metformin. In the double-blind phase of this study, diarrhea was the most common adverse effect (AE) in subjects receiving metformin alone or in combination. However, it is important that the incidence of gastrointestinal AEs was lower in the group treated with low-dose fixed combination than in the group treated with metformin alone (as seen in Figure 10). Dropouts due to ES also occurred at the lowest frequency in the group treated with the low dose fixed combination compared to any of the other active treatments. Dropouts due to lack of glycemic control were lower in both fixed combination groups and no severe hypoglycemia was observed in this study. The frequency of subjects reporting a hypoglycemic episode was higher in the medium-dose fixed combination treatment group, while the low-dose group had a lower incidence than glyburide monotherapy (Figure 9) . A slight increase in lactate levels was observed in all groups treated with metformin, but no case of lactic acidosis was reported in this study.
In the open-label phase of the study, subjects could be recruited directly if they did not meet the glycemic criteria for entry into the double-blind study. Likewise, subjects could enter the open phase if they left the double-blind phase prematurely due to lack of glycemic control, or after they had completed the double-blind phase. In the open-label phase of the study, the AE profile was similar to that observed in the double-blind phase, and the most frequent AE occurred in the same body systems. Again, the group treated with the low dose combination showed a favorable overall safety profile compared to the group treated with the medium dose.
In both newly diagnosed and inadequately controlled subjects, the overall pattern of safety and tolerability observed in double-blind studies was as expected based on clinical experience with metformin and glyburide. No new or unexpected events or laboratory abnormalities were observed in this clinical program. Interim analyzes of long-term open extensions support the favorable safety profile observed in the short-term phase of the studies. In particular, the low dose fixed combination showed a favorable safety / tolerability profile when compared to the other regimens used in this program.
Effectiveness
First-line double-blind therapy showed a statistically significant mean decrease in hemoglobin A level<sub>1 C</sub> (HBA<sub>1 C</sub>) of 1.3% relative to placebo for both fixed combination treatment groups and a mean decrease from baseline of approximately 1.5%. While all active therapy treatment groups achieved acceptable glycemic control, larger mean decreases in HbA1c level were obtained for both fixed combination treatment groups when compared with metformin treatment or glyburide treatment. Antihyperglycemic durability was observed with all active treatment groups (glyburide, metformin, metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg, metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg), as evidenced by maintenance of mean HbA1c levels from week 20 (6.64%, 6.79%, 6.68%, 6.44%) at week 32 (6.78%, 6.96%, 6.87%, 6.68%) of double treatment cecum below the 7% therapeutic target (Figures 3 and 4).
Interim data from first-line open therapy demonstrate that, for directly recruited subjects, the mean HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> at baseline it was 10.6%, and for the subpopulation of subjects with available data, a mean decrease of 3.5% in HbA level was achieved<sub>1 C</sub>, with a mean HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> of 7.1% for 26 weeks. Of subjects directly recruited to open-label therapy, 87% received the fixed combination of 500 / 2.5 mg median dose as initial therapy and at the time of interim report the median dose of fixed combination therapy was metformin / glyburide 1560 / 7.85 mg. For subjects with open therapy data available who complete the double-blind treatment phase and continue in the open-label phase, the mean HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> baseline was 8.32%. For all subjects who reached 13 weeks of therapy, a mean decrease of 1.76% in the HbA level was obtained.<sub>1 C</sub> with the mean HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> 6.56%. Of the subjects completing the double-blind treatment phase and continuing into the open-label treatment phase, 78% received the low dose (250 / 1.25 mg) and 22% received the fixed medium dose combination (500 / 2.5 mg) as initial therapy. The mean dose of the fixed combination therapy was metformin / glyburide 696 / 3.48 mg.
ES 2 302 702 T3
In none of the subpopulations (age, gender, race) there were no clinically significant patterns of a greater or reduced effect with respect to the response in baseline HbA1c level in any of the double-blind studies with the fixed combination of metformin / glyburide. as first line therapy.
This clinical program also evaluated fasting plasma glucose as a parameter of short-term glycemic control. GPA results in double-blind studies were consistent with HbA1c results. As first-line therapy, statistically and clinically significant larger mean decreases in GPA were obtained for both fixed combination treatment groups compared to placebo and metformin (Figure 6). An early response to fixed combination therapy was observed; By week 2 of double-blind therapy differences were apparent between the treatment groups at a time when the subjects were still undergoing initial titration and were receiving only half of the potential maximum dosage. This early response to half the maximum dose in a patient population refractory to monotherapy demonstrates the benefit of combination therapy for the patient and using combination therapy earlier during the disease process.
Hemoglobin A<sub>1 C</sub> it is the prevailing standard measure of global glyceric control and is the glycemic marker that has been found to correlate with long-term complications. Although fasting plasma glucose, the current gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes, is a faster and more convenient marker, it does not provide an optimal assessment of circadian glycemic control. Non-fasting plasma glucose has been shown and intuitively understood to be a better marker of diabetes control than GPA in type 2 diabetes; it also correlates better with Hb1Ac. Postprandial hyperglycemia is an early marker of metabolic defects found in type 2 diabetes and contributes to beta cell dysfunction. An important association between postprandial glucose levels and cardiovascular disease has been demonstrated. If the goal in preventing long-term complications of diabetes is normal blood glucose, monitoring and lowering postprandial glucose is a rational strategy to improve metabolic function and achieve global glucose control.
As first-line therapy, larger and statistically significant mean decreases in the absolute value of postprandial glucose (63-65 mg / dl) were observed for both fixed combination treatment groups than in the placebo group. Larger mean decreases in absolute GPP were also achieved compared to glyburide (16-18 mg / dl) and metformin (18-20 mg / dl) monotherapy (Figures 8A and 8B). Postprandial glucose deviation at 2 hours from fasting baseline for both low-dose (22.5 mg / dl) and medium-dose (23.9 mg / ml) fixed combination treatment groups was only 56% -59% placebo (40.3 mg / dl), 50% -63% glyburide (38.2 mg / dl) and 75% -81% metformin (29.5 mg / dl). Evaluation of the deviation rather than the absolute value demonstrates that glyburide is similar to placebo, metformin achieves better postprandial glucose reductions than glyburide and placebo, and that the low-dose combination is the most potent in reducing blood glucose. postprandial glucose shift. Since there are no published clinical data with the combination therapy studied in a population of patients who are not under the influence of drugs, these results add new insights to the understanding of the impact of treatment options at this stage of the disease. In fact, the results could not have been predicted from the changes observed in the many population studies on second-line therapy.
In the first-line therapy study, fasting and postprandial insulin levels were assessed (Figure 7). There was also a statistically significant increase in insulin response in the presence of a glucose load for both fixed combination treatment groups (24-28.8 pui / ml) compared to placebo. A greater increase in insulin response was observed in the presence of a glucose load for the low-dose fixed combination treatment group (14.6 pui / ml) when compared to glyburide monotherapy and a greater Increased insulin response in the presence of glucose loading for both fixed combination treatment groups (21-25.8 pui / ml) when compared to metformin monotherapy. When considering the mean doses of active therapy per treatment group, the insulin response cannot be explained by the sulfonylurea component alone with fixed combination therapy. These clinical data support preclinical work with isolated pancreatic islet cells where it has been suggested that metformin prevents hyperglycemic desensitization of islet cells. The combination of adequate and physiological increased insulin response with a corresponding larger decrease in glucose shift suggests that the combination improves the efficiency of the pancreas in responding to a glucose load, preserving beta cell function and improve insulin sensitivity.
The essential goal in treating patients with type 2 diabetes, in addition to intensively treating elevated blood pressure and lipid levels, is to achieve glycemic levels as normal as possible or to achieve glycemic therapeutic targets. There was a greater response to the fixed combination therapy with respect to the higher frequencies of subjects reaching therapeutic targets and greater decreases in the absolute level of HbA<sub>1 C</sub>. As first-line therapy, a higher frequency of subjects on fixed combination therapy (66% -71%) reached a glycemic target of HbA<sub>1 C</sub> <7% with 60% sulfonylurea monotherapy, 50% metformin monotherapy, and 20% placebo after 20 weeks of double-blind therapy. Approximately 28% of the subjects in each fixed combination group had decreases in HbA1c from baseline greater than 2.0%, compared with 16% -17% in each monotherapy group and 3% in the group. placebo. It should be noted that these targets were not reached simply with higher total doses of medication, but with lower doses of the complementary components. Final mean doses achieved in each treatment arm with first-line therapy were
ES 2 302 702 T3 approximately 5.3 mg of glyburide, 1307 mg of metformin, 557 / 2.78 mg of the fixed low dose combination and 818 / 4.1 mg of the fixed medium dose combination. For change in HbAi level<sub>c</sub> By number of tablets, the pattern seen with fixed combination therapy is not unexpected from a pathophysiological point of view. Indicates that there is a clear response at all dose levels and that the need for higher doses is correlated with a baseline HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> higher. A similar pattern can be detected for glyburide up to a total dose of 7.5 mg; no clear pattern was seen with metformin therapy.
The data presented support the fixed low-dose metformin / glyburide combination as the first-line agent most likely to get a patient to the therapeutic target, regardless of how high their baseline HbA levels are.<sub>1 C</sub>. For both fixed combination therapies, the mean decrease from baseline HbA1c is greater for subjects with higher baseline levels. This phenomenon was not seen with glyburide, metformin, or placebo and is not expected to be seen with other monotherapies. This shows that the contribution of the components necessary to reach the therapeutic glycemic targets when the basal level of HbA1c is higher than 9%. Monotherapy was shown to achieve a stable glycemic response to baseline HbA levels<sub>1 C</sub> <9%, whereas fixed combination therapy produced additional increasing decreases in HbA<sub>1 C </sub>for basal HbA levels<sub>1 C</sub><9%.
For all subjects recruited in the first-line open-label treatment phase with data available for at least two time points, HbA<sub>1 C</sub> mean in the baseline situation was 9.45%. By weeks 13, 26, and 39, 50-55% of subjects had reached an HbA1c level below 7% and an additional 30% had reached an HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> <8%. This response rate and the magnitude of the change in the decrease in HbA<sub>1 C</sub> it can be expected with combination therapy, but is rarely seen with antihyperglycemic agents alone. The key issue is which initial antihyperglycemic treatment will reach the glycemic target of an HbA level.<sub>1 C </sub><7% in the largest proportion of patients. These data reinforce the need for a reevaluation of the current treatment paradigms for type 2 diabetes and a shift to the use of combination therapy earlier in the disease process.
Weight gain is usually seen with all antihyperglycemic agents other than metformin monotherapy. With improved weight control, weight gain is actually expected, since instead of being lost, calories are conserved due to poor metabolic control. In this clinical program, as glycemic control improved, minimal early weight gain of approximately 1-2 kg was observed with fixed combination therapy; this was comparable to the 2 kg weight gain observed with first-line glyburide monotherapy, in double-blind therapy, after the initial minimal gain the weight remained stable and did not continue to increase over time.
In general, no clinically or statistically significant differences were observed between any of the treatment groups with respect to changes in plasma lipid profile. Since the most severely ill patients were excluded from the placebo-controlled study, the smallest changes in response to therapy might not be detected. The first-line therapy patient population had inadequate glycemic control, but diet and exercise had already been successful in bringing the mean HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> to 8.2%. In subjects treated with fixed combination therapy, no adverse effects on plasma lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) or significant differences were observed compared to placebo or glyburide and metformin monotherapy.
With a better understanding of the relationship between diabetes control and long-term complication rate, the goal of diabetes management today is to achieve and maintain blood glucose levels as close to normal as possible. Targeting the multiple defects using agents with synergistic or complementary mechanisms of action makes sense to achieve a therapeutic glycemic target. Better understanding of the natural history of type 2 diabetes suggests that current treatment paradigms of allowing "failure" to occur should be reassessed before implementing a more aggressive treatment strategy. Therefore, it appears that use prior to low-dose combination therapy, particularly when use of lower doses results in better tolerability, is an important therapeutic approach if targets are to be reached and compliance maintained. The foja combination evaluated in this study allows a lower dosage and ease of use in a single entity.
Low dose fixed combination therapy with metformin / glyburide is safe and effective in achieving and maintaining glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes who have inadequate glycemic control with diet and exercise. It appears that the use of combination therapy earlier in the progression of diabetes disease is a clinically sound alternative to classical treatment paradigms of allowing step therapy to fail before instituting a more aggressive but clinically sound therapeutic strategy. Although it has not been evaluated in this study in the short term, it is likely that the strategy of achieving the most normal glycemic targets possible has an impact on slowing the progression of the diabetes disease process and delaying the onset of long-term complications of diabetes. Given a population of patients refractory to monotherapy, the fixed combination of metformin and glyburide was associated with a clinically significant improvement in glycemic control with no evidence of harmful metabolic effects or safety concerns. There was no clinically significant hypoglycemia, no negative impact on plasma lipids, and limited initial weight gain followed by stable weight over time. The synergy of the combination of metformin and sulfonylurea is an established one; a fixed combination of metformin and glyburide is effective in improving glycemic control
ES 2 302 702 T3 and is a rational choice in antihyperglycemic weaponry. A fixed combination is supposed to simplify dosing, is more comfortable, and therefore may lead to better compliance with therapy.
The low dose fixed combination (250 / 1.25 mg) would be the initial starting dose as first line therapy in subjects not under the influence of drugs. This should then be adjusted as indicated to achieve an HbA<sub>1 C</sub><7%.
General conclusions
The safety and efficacy data presented from this clinical program, evaluating the fixed combination of metformin / glyburide as first-line therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes, confirm the following:
• The percentages of subjects discontinuing therapy due to hyperglycemia were lower for the fixed combination of metformin / glyburide compared to metformin, glyburide, and placebo.
• Hypoglycemia and hypoglycemic symptoms, as first-line therapy (Figure 9), occurred less frequently with metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg compared to metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg and glyburide.
• As first-line therapy, the incidence of gastrointestinal adverse events associated with the fixed combination was lowest for metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg compared to metformin / glyburide 500 / 2.5 mg and metformin (Figure 10).
• There were no new or unexpected adverse events or laboratory abnormalities in subjects receiving the long-term, open-label, fixed combination of metformin / glyburide.
• Significantly better efficacy of the fixed metformin / glyburide combination at any dose concentration, as evidenced by the greater reductions in all glycemic parameters (HbA1c, postprandial glucose, fasting glucose and fructosamine) compared to placebo, glyburide and metformin.
• A synergistic effect of low-dose combination targeting multiple metabolic defects to improve beta cell function and insulin sensitivity, as manifested by deviations from postprandial plasma glucose and insulin levels, to achieve improvement in metabolic function and glycemic control.
• A higher frequency of patients treated with metformin / glyburide fixed combination therapy reached a glycemic therapeutic target of an HbA<sub>1 C</sub> < 7%.
• Effective glycemic lowering to therapeutic targets for any baseline HbA level<sub>1 C</sub> compared to placebo, glyburide, and metformin therapy. As initial therapy, glyburide and metformin have been shown to have a stable level of glycemic response to baseline HbA levels.<sub>1 C</sub> > 9%, while metformin / glyburide fixed combination therapy exhibited further increasing decreases in HbA<sub>1 C</sub> for basal HbA levels<sub>1 C</sub>> 9%.
• Limited initial weight gain in parallel with improved glycemic control, comparable to that observed in glyburide monotherapy; however, the weight remained stable over time.
• There were no adverse effects produced by the fixed combination therapies on the lipid profile (total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, and triglycerides) or significant differences with respect to placebo or any of the glyburide and metformin monotherapy, • Tolerability and The favorable efficacy of the fixed combination with metformin / glyburide 250 / 1.25 mg supports its use as the initial starting dose in first-line therapy.
The above results clearly show that treating diabetes with the low dose metformin / glyburide formulation of the invention (250 mg / 1.25 mg) is of at least equivalent efficacy to the higher dosage form (500 mg / 2.5 mg), while resulting in fewer side effects.
Contents15
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Numbers
- Publication
- 2302702
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2302702
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2302702T
- Application
- 972122
- Application, DOCDB
- 00972122
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20000972122T
Titles2
- Spanish
- COMPOSICION FARMACEUTICA QUE COMPRENDE UNA COMBINACION DE METFORMINA Y GLIBENCLAMIDA.
- English
- PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION THAT INCLUDES A COMBINATION OF METFORMIN AND GLIBENCLAMIDE.
Classification
- CPC, 10
- A61K31/155
- A61K45/06
- A61K31/64
- A61P1/00
- A61P1/08
- A61P1/12
- A61P3/00
- A61P43/00
- A61P5/50
- A61P3/10
- IPC, 10
- A61K9 14
- A61K31 155
- A61K31 64
- A61K31 18
- A61K31 427
- A61K45 06
- A61P1 00
- A61P1 08
- A61P1 12
- A61P3 10