Multifrequency microstrip patch antenna with parasitic coupled elements
Abstract
A multifrequency micro-patch patch antenna device, which includes a balanced ground or ground plane and a first conductive layer, said conductive layer acting as the active patch for the antenna device as a whole, said active patch being fed to the at least at one point of said conductive layer, characterized in that said micro-tape patch antenna comprises at least two additional conductive layers that act as patches (2) parasites, said parasitic patches being placed below said first active patch, at different levels between said active patch and said ground plane or balanced grounding, in which at least one of the parasitic patches includes a multilevel structure or a structure of spatial fill or a combination of both, and / or in which at least the active patch includes a multilevel structure, a spatial fill structure or a combination thereof.

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22 claims: 11 independent, 11 dependent
- 1ES 2 298 196 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta multifrecuencia, que incluye un plano de tierra o toma de tierra equilibrada y una primera capa conductora, actuando dicha capa conductora como el parche activo para el dispositivo de antena en su conjunto, estando dicho parche activo alimentado al menos en un punto de dicha capa conductora, que se caracteriza porque dicha antena de parche de microcinta comprende al menos dos capas conductoras adicionales que actúan como parches (2) parásitos, estando dichos parches parásitos colocados por debajo de dicho primer parche activo, a diferentes niveles entre dicho parche activo y el citado plano de tierra o toma de tierra equilibrada, en el que al menos uno de los parches parásitos incluye una estructura multinivel o una estructura de relleno espacial o una combinación de ambas, y/o en el que al menos el parche activo incluye una estructura multinivel, una estructura de relleno espacial o una combinación de las mismas.
- 2Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1, en el que uno de los parches parásitos incluye una estructura multinivel.
- 3Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 ó 2, en el que al menos uno de los parches parásitos incluye una estructura de relleno espacial.
- 4Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 1 ó 3, en el que al menos el parche activo incluye una estructura multinivel, una estructura de relleno espacial, o una combinación de ambas.
- 5Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 ó 4, en el que la geometría del parche activo se elige en el grupo consistente en:cuadrada, circular, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octogonal y fractal.
- 6Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, en el que la geometría de los parches parásitos se elige en el grupo consistente en:cuadrada, circular, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octogonal y fractal.
- 7Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el parche activo y los parches parásitos tienen formas y dimensiones diferentes.
- 8Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que la antena implementa un comportamiento multibanda en tantas bandas como capas de parche existan en la disposición de antena.
- 9Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, en el que la antena implementa un comportamiento de banda ancha.
- 10Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, en el que dicha antena se utiliza para operar simultáneamente varios sistemas de comunicación.
- 11Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, en el que la antena se alimenta en el parche activo en dos puntos de alimentación, para proporcionar polarización dual, polarización en pendiente, polarización circular, polarización elíptica, o una combinación de las mismas.
- 12Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 8, en el que al menos uno de los parches es más grande que la longitud de onda operativa, y al menos una porción del perímetro de dicho parche es una curva de relleno espacial, y la antena es operada según un modo resonante localizado de orden mayor que el de dicho parche particular.
- 13Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el área cubierta por la antena es más pequeña que la cubierta por un parche convencional con el mismo ancho de banda.
- 14Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el centro de al menos un parche no está alineado con el eje vertical que atraviesa ortogonalmente el parche activo por su centroide.
- 15Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que al menos un parche no está alineado horizontalmente con respecto a los otros parches.
- 16Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 11, en el que la antena se alimenta por medio de al menos una patilla conductora, un cable o un borne, en el la patilla, el cable o el borne atraviesa todas las capas a través de una abertura realizada en cada uno de los parches parásitos, estando dicha patilla, el cable o el borne acoplado electromagnéticamente con el parche activo, ya sea mediante contacto óhmico o ya sea mediante acoplamiento capacitivo. ES 2 298 196 T3
- 17Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones 1 a 11, en el que la antena se alimenta por medio de una línea de microcinta, estando dicha línea de microcinta situada por debajo del plano de tierra y acoplada con el parche superior por medio de una ranura realizada en cada parche parásito individual y en el plano de tierra.
- 18Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que los parches activo y parásitos se imprimen sobre un substrato dieléctrico.
- 19Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con la reivindicación 15, en el que uno de dichos substratos dieléctricos consiste en una porción de vidrio de ventana de un vehículo a motor.
- 20Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que el dispositivo de antena opera simultáneamente en una combinación de bandas de frecuencia elegidas en el grupo:AMP, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1899, CDMA, UMTS, Bluetooth, TACS, ETACS, DECT, Radio FM/AM, GPS, o de cualquier otro sistema inalámbrico de radiofrecuencia.
- 21Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, en el que uno de dichos parches (1, 2) está cortocircuitado respecto al plano (4) de tierra.
- 22Un dispositivo de antena de parche de microcinta de acuerdo con cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1-20, en el que ninguno de dichos parches (1, 2) está cortocircuitado respecto al plano (4) de tierra.
Independent claims22
32 paragraphs in 2 sections, as filed
IS 2 298 196 T3
DESCRIPTION
Multifrequency microstrip patch antenna with coupled parasitic elements.
Object and background of the invention
The present invention relates to a new class of microstrip antennas with multi-frequency behavior, based on the stacking of several parasitic patches below an active upper patch.
An antenna is said to be multi-frequency when the radioelectric behavior (impedance, polarization, design, etc.) is invariable for different operating frequencies. The concept of multi-frequency antennas derives from frequency-independent antennas. Frequency independent antennas were first proposed by VH Rumsey (VH Rumsey, "Frequency Independent Antennas", 1957 IRE National Convention Record, pt. 1, pp. 114-118), and can be defined as a family of antennas whose behavior (impedance, polarization, design, ...) remains the same for any operating frequency. Rumsey's work led to the development of the periodic logarithmic antenna and the periodic logarithmic matrix. Different groups of independent antennas were found in the literature as self-scaling antennas based directly on the Rumsey Principle, such as spiral antennas (JD Dyson, "The Unidirectional Equiangular Spiral Antenna", IRE Trans. Antennas Propagation, vol. AP-7, pp. 181-187, October 1959) and self-complementary antennas based on the Babinet Principle. This principle was later expanded by Y. Mushiake in 1948.
An analogous set of antennas are multi-frequency antennas, in which the behavior of the antenna is the same, but at a discrete set of frequencies. Multilevel antennas, such as those described in Patent Publication No. WO 01/22528, "Multilevel Antennas", are an example of a class of antennas that, due to their geometry, behave in a similar way in several frequency bands, that is, they implement a multi-frequency (multiband) behavior.
In this case, the concept of multifrequency antennas is applied in an innovative way to microstrip antennas, thus obtaining a new generation of multifrequency microstrip patch antennas. Multifrequency behavior is obtained by parasite microstrip patches placed at different heights under the active patch. Some of the advantages of microstrip patch antennas over other antenna configurations are: light weight, low volume, low profile, simplicity, and low manufacturing costs.
Some attempts to design microstrip patch antennas have been described in the literature, by adding several parasitic patches with a two-dimensional coplanar configuration (F. Croq, DM Pozar, “Multifrequency Operation of Microstrip Antennas Using Parallel Resonators Couplings of Apertura ”, IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol. 40, no. 11, pp. 1367-1374, Nov. 1992). Also, various examples of multiband or broadband antennas, consisting of a set of parasitic layers on the upper part of an active patch, have been described in the literature (see, for example, J. Anguera, C. Puente, C Borja, "A Procedure for Designing Stacked Microstrip Antennas Based on a Simple Network Model", Microwave and Opt. Tech. Letters, Vol. 30, no. 3, Willey, June 2001); however, it should be emphasized that, in that case, the parasitic patches are located on top of the fed patch (the active patch), while in the present invention the patches are located below said active patch, giving rise to a more compact and mechanically stable design that implements multiband or broadband behavior.
In M. SANAD, “A compact dual-broadband microstrip antenna that has both stacked and planar parasitic elements,” IEEE ANTENNAS AND PROPAGATION SOCIETY INTERNATIONAL SYMPOSIUM 1996 DIGEST, July 21-26, 1996, jointly held with the US-NC / URSI NATIONAL RADIO. SCIENCE MEETING, New York, IEEE, US, vol. 1, July 21, 1996, pages 6-9, an arrangement is described substantially along the same lines as the preamble of claim 1.
It is interesting to appreciate that any of the patch geometries described in the prior art can be used in an innovative way for both the active patches and the parasites described in the present invention. An example of prior art geometries are square, circular, rectangular, triangular, hexagonal, octagonal, fractal, or space fill ("Miniature Space Fill Antennas", Patent Publication No. WO 01/54225), or again Multilevel geometries (WO 01/22528).
On the other hand, a Spatial Fill Curve (hereinafter SFC) is a curve that is large in terms of physical length, but small in terms of the area in which the curve can be included. More precisely, the definition that follows in this document is adopted for spatial fill curve: a curve composed of at least ten segments that are connected in such a way that each segment forms an angle with its neighbors, that is, no pair of adjacent segments define a larger straight segment, and in which the curve can optionally be periodic to along a fixed straight direction of space if, and only if, the period is defined by a non-periodic curve composed of at least ten connected segments, and neither pair of said adjacent and connected segments defines a longer straight segment. Also, whatever the design of such a SFC, it can never intersect itself at any point except at the start and end point (i.e. the total curve can be arranged as a closed curve or loop, but none of the parts of the curve can be a closed loop). A spatial fill curve can be coupled to a flat or curved surface, and due to the angles between segments,
ES 2 298 196 T3 the physical length of the curve is always greater than that of the straight line that can be fitted in the same area (surface) as said spatial fill curve. Additionally, to properly configure the ground plane in accordance with the present invention, the segments of the SFC curves included in said ground plane must be shorter than one-tenth of the operating wavelength in free space.
Summary of the invention
One of the main features of the present invention is the performance of the design as a multi-frequency microstrip patch antenna. The proposed antenna is based on an active microstrip patch antenna, and at least two parasitic patches are located below the active patch, in the space between said upper patch and the ground plane or balanced ground. The patch gap can be filled with air or, for example, with a dielectric material to provide a compact mechanical design. One or more power sources can be used to drive said active patch to obtain a dual polarized antenna or a circular polarized antenna. The feed mechanism of said active patch can be, for example, a coaxial line attached to the active patch. Any of the well known feed means and adapter networks, which have been described in the prior art (for example, structures coupled to a space or slot, "L-shaped" probes or coaxial lines), can also be used. . Due to the structure, the antenna is able to operate simultaneously in several operating frequency bands, each of which has excellent band values in terms of return loss (between -6 dB and -60 dB depending on the application) and similar radiation patterns across all bands.
The advantage of this novel antenna configuration over the prior art is twofold. On the one hand, the invention provides a compact and robust mechanical design, with a low profile compared to other stacked configurations of the prior art, and with a single feed for all frequencies. On the other hand, the inclusion of many resonant elements, that is, parasitic patches, which can be individually tuned, provides a high degree of freedom in adjusting the frequency response of the antenna with respect to multiband or multi-band behavior. broadband. Thus, the antenna device finds application in many applications where the integration of multiple wireless services is required (such as, for example, AMPS, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1899, CDMA, UMTS, Bluetooth, TACS, ETACS, DECT , FM / AM Radio, DAB, GPS) in a single antenna device.
Brief description of the drawings
Figure 1 shows an active patch fed by a coaxial probe and six parasite patches located below said active patch;
Figure 2 shows the same as Figure 1, but in this case the active patch is fed by means of a coaxial probe and a condenser etched by etching on the same surface on which the active patch has been etched;
Figure 3 shows the same as Figure 1, but in this case, the active patch is powered by a coaxial probe and by a capacitor located below the active patch;
Figure 4 shows the same as Figure 1, but in this case, the active patch is fed by an L-shaped coaxial probe;
Figure 5 shows a square shaped active patch and various parasitic patches based on a particular example of multilevel geometry;
Figure 6 shows the same as Figure 5, but in this case, the patches are based on a particular example of spatial fill geometry;
Figure 7 shows a top view of the feed point on the active patch. Two probe feeds are used to achieve a dual polarized or circular polarized antenna;
Figure 8 shows the same as Figure 1, but in this case several different dielectric layers are used between the radiating elements;
Figure 9 shows an arrangement in which the active and parasitic patches are not aligned, that is, the center of each element does not extend on the same axis.
Detailed description of some preferred embodiments of the invention
Figure 1 describes an embodiment of the multifrequency microstrip patch antenna formed by an active patch (1) fed by a coaxial probe (3), and several parasite patches (2) located below said active patch (1). Either the active patch (1) or the parasitic patches (2) can be, for example, printed on a dielectric substrate or, alternatively, they can be shaped by a laser process. In general, any of the well known techniques for manufacturing printed circuits or other current state of the art, for antennas of
ES 2 298 196 T3 microstrip patch, can be applied to physically implement the patches and is not an essential part of the invention. In some preferred embodiments, said dielectric substrate is a fiberglass plate (FR4), a Teflon-based substrate (such as Cuclad®) or other standard substrates for radio frequency and microwaves (such as, for example, Rogers 4003® or Kapton®). The dielectric substrate can even be a portion of window glass if the antenna is to be mounted on a motor vehicle such as a car, a train or an airplane, to transmit or receive electromagnetic waves associated with, for example, some communication systems. telecommunications such as radio, TV, cellular telephony (GSM 900, GSM 1800, UMTS) or satellite applications (GPS, Sirius and so on). Due to the multi-frequency nature of the antenna, all these systems, some of them, or a combination of some of them with other telecommunications systems, can operate simultaneously through the antenna described in the present invention. Of course, a balancing, filtering or amplifying network (to name a few examples), can be connected to, or be integrated into, the input terminals of the active patch (1).
The feeding scheme of said active patch (1) can be taken in any one of the well-known schemes used in patch antennas of the prior art, for example: probe (3) coaxial as shown in Figure 1, probe (3) coaxial and condenser (5) as shown in Figures 2, 3, L-shaped coaxial probe (3 ') as shown in Figure 4, or slot feed probe. In the case of a tube feeding scheme, the lead, cable or terminal of the feeding tube crosses all the parasite patches (2) through an opening made in each of said parasite patches. When the antenna is fed by means of a microstrip line below the ground plane (4), a slot made in said ground plane (4) and in each of the individual parasite patches (2) provides a means for feed the active upper patch (1). It will be clear to those skilled in the art that, whatever the feed mechanism, two feed ports (8) shown in Figure 7 can be used, in order to obtain a dual polarized, slope polarized, or polarized antenna. circular.
The medium between the active and parasitic elements can be air, foam or any standard substrate for radio frequency and microwaves. In addition, several different dielectric layers (9) can be used, for example: patches can be chemically etched onto a rigid substrate such as Rogers 4003<sup>®</sup> or fiberglass, and soft foam can be introduced to separate the elements (Figure 8).
The dimensions of the active (1) or parasite (2) patches are adjusted so that the desired multi-frequency operation is achieved. Typically, the patches are between a quarter wavelength and full wavelength in size in the desired operating frequency band. When a short is included in, for example, one of the patches, then the size of said patch can be reduced to below a quarter of the wavelength. In the case of space-filled perimeter patches, the size of the patch can be larger than a full wavelength if a high-order, high-directivity operating mode is desired. The shapes and dimensions of the patches can be different in order to obtain such multi-frequency operation, and to obtain a compact antenna. For example, the dimensions of the patches can be further reduced by using a spatial fill (7) or a multilevel geometry (6). This reduction process can be applied to the entire structure or only to some elements (Figures 5 and 6). Also, in some embodiments, the multiband behavior of said multilevel or spatial filling geometries can be used in combination with the multiband effect of the multilayer structure of the present invention, to increase antenna performance.
The centers of the active and parasitic patches may not be aligned in order to achieve the desired multi-frequency operation. This misalignment can be horizontally, vertically, or on both axes (Figure 9), and provides a useful way to tune the antenna band while adjusting the impedance and configuring the resulting antenna pattern.
Those skilled in the art will clearly understand that the multiband behavior implemented by the antenna device described in the present invention will be of greatest interest in those environments such as, for example, base station antennas in wireless cellular systems, the automotive industry. , the handset and terminal industry, in which the simultaneous operation of several telecommunications systems through a single antenna constitutes an advantage. An antenna device such as the one described in the present invention can be used, for example, to simultaneously operate a combination of some of the frequency bands associated with AMPS, GSM900, GSM1800, PCS1899, CDMA, UMTS, Bluetooth, TACS , ETACS, DECT, FM / AM Radio, DAB, GPS or, in general, to any other wireless radio frequency system.
Contents2
4 sheets
Sheet 1 Sheet 2 Sheet 3 Sheet 4
10 members in 6 offices
Priority claims4
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 0111913 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 0111913 | European Patent Office (EPO) | W | |
| 01274549 | – | – | – |
| WO2001EP11913 | – | – | – |
Members10
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| WO03034545A1 | World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) | A1 | |
| EP1436857A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2005190106A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US7202818B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1436857B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT385054T | Austria | T | |
| ATE385054T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE60132638D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| ES2298196T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| DE60132638T2 | Germany | T2 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2298196
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2298196
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2298196T
- Application
- 1274549
- Application, DOCDB
- 01274549
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20010274549T
Titles2
- Spanish
- ANTENA DE PARCHE DE MICROCINTA MULTIFRECUENCIA CON ELEMENTOS PARASITOS ACOPLADOS.
- English
- MICROCINTA MULTI FREQUENCY PATCH ANTENNA WITH COUPLED PARASITE ELEMENTS.
Classification
- CPC, 4
- H01Q1/36
- H01Q1/38
- H01Q9/0414
- H01Q9/0442
- IPC, 3
- H01Q9 04
- H01Q1 36
- H01Q1 38