Process for the preparation of latices using block copolymers as surfactants
Abstract
A method for the preparation of latex comprising the steps of: a) radical emulsion polymerization of a reaction mixture to obtain the latex, wherein said reaction mixture comprises at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer, at least one radical polymerization initiator and at least one effective amount of surfactant block copolymer containing at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, prepared by a "live" method of preparation using a transfer agent, wherein said copolymer has:
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18 claims: 7 independent, 11 dependent
- 1ES 2 283 554 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Un método para la preparación de látex que comprende los pasos de:a) polimerización radical en emulsión acuosa de una mezcla de reacción para obtener el látex, en el que dicha mezcla de reacción comprende al menos un monómero etilénicamente insaturado, al menos un iniciador de polimerización radical y al menos una cantidad efectiva de copolímero de bloque tensioactivo que contiene al menos un bloque hidrófilo y al menos un bloque hidrófobo, preparado por un método de preparación “viva” que utiliza un agente de transferencia, en el que dicho copolímero presenta: - una masa molecular media comprendida entre 2.000 y 20.000 gr/mol, - una temperatura de transición vítrea del bloque hidrófobo inferior a 30°C y superior a -100°C, - una tensión superficial inferior a 60 milinewtons por metro (mN/m) medida en concentraciones en agua desmineralizada inferiores o iguales a 10 -4 mol/l a 20°C y bajo una atmósfera, - el agente de transferencia se ha vuelto inerte con respecto a dicha polimerización radical, y b) recuperación del látex obtenido de este modo.
- 2El método según la reivindicación 1, en el que el copolímero presenta:- una masa molecular media comprendida entre 4.000 y 16.000 gr/mol, - una temperatura de transición vítrea del bloque hidrófobo inferior a 25°C y - una tensión superficial inferior a 50 milinewtons por metro.
- 3El método según la reivindicación 1 o 2, en el que dicho agente de transferencia es seleccionado de los ditioésteres, tioéteres-tionas, ditiocarbamatos y xantatos.
- 4El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones precedentes, en el que el copolímero de bloque es preparado por un método que comprende los siguientes pasos:a) como primera realización, a fin de obtener el polímero, poner contacto: - al menos un monómero etilénicamente insaturado, - al menos una fuente de radicales libres, y - al menos un agente de transferencia de fórmula (I) s n C-S-R1 0) z R En la que: - R representa a un grupo R2O-, R2R’2N- o R3- con: - R2 y R’2, idénticos o diferentes, representando: (i) un grupo alquilo, acilo, arilo, alqueno o alquino, (ii) un anillo carbonado opcionalmente aromático, saturado o insaturado o, (iii) un heterociclo saturado o insaturado, siendo posible que dichos grupos o anillos (i), (ii) y (iii) puedan ser sustituidos;ES 2 283 554 T3 - R3 representa a H, Cl, un grupo alquilo, arilo, alqueno, o alquino, un (hetero)ciclo opcionalmente sustituido, saturado o insaturado, un grupo tioalquilo, alcoxi-carbonilo, ariloxi-carbonilo, carboxilo, acil-oxilo, carbamoilo, ciano, dialquil- o diaril-fosfonato, dialquil- o diaril-fosfinato, o una cadena de polímero;- R1 representa a (i) un grupo alquilo, acilo, arilo, alqueno, o alquino opcionalmente sustituido, (ii) un anillo carbonado saturado o insaturado, opcionalmente sustituido o aromático, o (iii) un heterociclo opcionalmente sustituido, saturado o insaturado o una cadena de polímero, y b) repetir, al menos una vez, la operación anterior de puesta en contacto utilizando: - diferentes monómeros de la realización anterior, y - en lugar del compuesto precursor de fórmula (I), el polímero resultante de la realización anterior, y c) hacer que el agente de transferencia se vuelva inerte al final de la polimerización.
- 5El método según la reivindicación 4, en el que el agente de transferencia de fórmula (I) es un ditiocarbonato seleccionado de los compuestos con las siguientes fórmulas (IA), (IB), y (IC):tt C-8-R1 {IA) / OTO r*—(«O-C-S-R^p (IB) II $ R r -(~ S-C-Ο-Ιήρ OC) II s En la que: - R2 Y R2’ representan (i) un grupo alquilo, acilo, arilo, alqueno o alquino, (ii) un anillo carbonado opcionalmente aromático, saturado o insaturado, o (iii) un heterociclo saturado o insaturado, siendo posible que dichos grupos y anillos (i), (ii) y (iii) puedan ser sustituidos, - R1 y R2 representan (i) un grupo alquilo, acilo, arilo, alqueno o alquino opcionalmente sustituido, (ii) un anillo carbonado saturado o insaturado, opcionalmente sustituido o aromático, o ES 2 283 554 T3 (iii) un heterociclo opcionalmente sustituido, saturado o insaturado o una cadena de polímero, - p está comprendido entre 2 y 10.
- 6El método según la reivindicación 4 o 5, en el que el paso c) comprende enmascarar los grupos funcionales químicos activos del agente de transferencia por medio de un agente encubridor o destruir el agente de transferencia por reacción de hidrólisis u oxidación, por catálisis metálica o mediante el uso de radicales primarios.
- 7El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 6, en el que el bloque hidrófilo se deriva de monómeros hidrófilos seleccionados de:- ácidos mono- o di-dicarboxílicos etilénicamente insaturados, - ésteres mono-alquílicos de los ácidos dicarboxílicos mencionados con alcanoles que tengan preferiblemente de 1 a 4 átomos de carbono y sus derivados N-sustituidos, como por ejemplo: acrilato o metacrilato 2hidroxi-fenilo, - amidas de ácidos carboxílicos insaturados, y - monómeros etilénicos que comprenden un grupo ácido sulfónico y sus sales de metales alcalinos o sales amónicas.
- 8El método según la reivindicación 7, en el que el grupo hidrófilo se deriva de monómeros seleccionados entre:ácido acrílico, ácido metacrílico, ácido itacónico, ácido maleico, ácido fumárico, 2-hidroxi-etil-acrilato o metacrilato, acril-amida, metacril-amida, ácido vinil-sulfónico, ácido vinil-benceno-sulfónico, ácido α-acril-amido-metil-propanosulfónico, 2-sulfo-etil-metacrilato, ácido 2-acril-amido-2-metil-propano-sulfónico y estireno-sulfonato.
- 9El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 8, en el que el bloque hidrófobo se deriva de monómeros hidrófobos seleccionados del grupo de:- ésteres de ácido acrílico y de ácido metacrílico con alcoholes hidrogenados o fluorados C-C 12 , - nitrilos vinílicos que comprenden de 3 a 12 átomos de carbono - haluros de vinilo, - amidas de vinil-amina, y - monómeros etilénicos insaturados que comprenden un grupo amino secundario, terciario o cuaternario o un grupo heterocíclico que contiene nitrógeno.
- 10El método según la reivindicación 9, en el que el bloque hidrófobo se deriva de los monómeros hidrófobos seleccionados de:metil-acrilato, etil-acrilato, acrilato de propilo, n-butil-acrilato, isobutil-acrilato, e-etil-hexil-acrilato, t-butil-acrilato, metil-metacrilato, etil-metacrilato, n-butil-metacrilato, isobutil-metacrilato, acrilo-nitrilo, metacrilonitrilo, acetato de vinilo, vinil-versatato, vinil-propionato, vinil-formamida, vinil-acetamida, vinil-piridinas, vinil-imidazol, dimetil-amino-etil-acrilato o -metacrilato, di-t-butil-amino-etil-acrilato o -metacrilato y dimetil-amino-metilacril-amida o -metacril-amida.
- 11El método según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 4 a 10, en el que la polimerización del copolímero es llevada a cabo en tetrahidro-furano o en un alcohol lineal, cíclico o ramificado C 1 -C 8 .
- 12El método según la reivindicación 11, en el que el alcohol es metanol, etanol, ciclohexanol o etilén-glicol, y en el que el monómero hidrófilo es ácido acrílico (AA), acril-amida (AM), ácido 2-acril-amido-2-metil-propanosulfónico (AMPS) o estireno-sulfonato (SS).
- 13El método según la reivindicación precedente 1, en el que dicho método comprende los siguientes pasos:a) se prepara una preemulsión acuosa estable que comprende los monómeros etilénicamente insaturados del principio y el copolímero de bloque tensioactivo, b) se introduce una mezcla de reacción que comprende un surfactante convencional, un iniciador y agua en un reactor de polimerización que tiene dos entradas y se añade a dicha mezcla, del 1 al 10% del peso de la preemulsión preparada en la fase a), c) se calienta la mezcla de reacción obtenida al final de la fase b) a una temperatura comprendida entre 40 y 90°C, con el fin de producir una burbuja formada por partículas de látex en dispersión en el agua, ES 2 283 554 T3 d) se añade la preemulsión obtenida en la fase a) con una cantidad adicional de iniciador por medio de dos entradas distintas del reactor y se obtiene el látex, y e) opcionalmente, se calienta el látex obtenido en la fase d) a una temperatura comprendida entre 40 y 90°C.
- 14El método según la reivindicación 13, en el que:- en el paso b) la preemulsión preparada está comprendida entre el 3 y el 7%, - en el paso c) la temperatura está comprendida entre 60 y 80°C, y - en el paso opcional e) la temperatura está comprendida entre 60 y 80°C.
- 15El método según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que el monómero o monómeros etilénicamente insaturados son seleccionados de;estireno, derivados del estireno, butadieno, cloropreno, ésteres (met)acrílicos y nitrilos de vinilo.
- 16El método según cualquier reivindicación precedente, en el que se utiliza entre el 0,5 y el 5% del peso del copolímero de bloque tensioactivo con respecto al peso total del agua empleada durante la polimerización del látex o entre el 1 y el 8% del peso del copolímero de bloque tensioactivo con respecto al peso total de monómeros empleados durante la polimerización del látex.
- 17El método según la reivindicación 16, en el que se utiliza entre el 1 y el 4% del peso del copolímero de bloque tensioactivo con respecto al peso total del agua empleada durante la polimerización del látex y entre el 2 y el 5% del peso del copolímero de bloque tensioactivo con respecto al peso total de monómeros empleados durante la polimerización del látex.
- 18Formulaciones destinadas a ser aplicadas en el campo de los materiales de construcción, papeles, pinturas o adhesivos, que comprenden el látex preparado según el método de cualquier reivindicación precedente.
Independent claims18
301 paragraphs in 16 sections, as filed
ES 2 283 554 T3
DESCRIPTION
Procedure for the preparation of various types of latex.
An object of the present invention is a method for the preparation of various types of latex using block copolymers as surfactants and latex compounds prepared according to said method.
The invention also relates to the preparation of various types of latex that have high resistance to water and that, in particular, can be used as additives for concrete or cement in formulations for certain applications, in particular, for construction materials, paints or papers.
Latexes are well known products for those skilled in the art, as are the redispersible powders obtained from these latexes. They have numerous applications, particularly as additives in paint formulations or in paper formulations (stucco, bulk paper) or in formulations to be applied in the construction field (adhesives, pastes, smooth coatings and the like). They attribute important properties to the formulas of the compositions in which they participate, due to, for example, their binding capacity, their film-forming capacity and their ability to provide certain rheological properties.
In general, in all latex applications, the goal is to reconcile good colloidal stability of aqueous formulas before drying and good water resistance after drying.
The methods of preparing various types of latex have been well known for many years. It is also known that a low molecular weight surfactant is added in the aqueous phase, in order to keep both monomers and polymers in suspension in small spheres in suspension in the water, within which the radical polymerization reaction takes place. However, such addition of surfactant has the drawback of leaving surfactant residues on the latex particles, which can be detrimental to the properties of the compounds containing these latexes.
One of the objectives of the present invention is to provide a method for the preparation of various latexes that makes it possible to solve the aforementioned problems.
These and other objectives are realized in the present invention, the object of which is, therefore, a method for the preparation of various types of latex by radical polymerization in aqueous emulsion in the presence of:
- at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
- at least one radical polymerization initiator, and
- at least one surfactant block copolymer comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block, prepared by a "living" preparation method using a transfer agent, in which said copolymer has:
- an average molecular mass between 2,000 and 20,000, preferably between 4,000 and 16,000,
- a glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block of less than 30 ° C, preferably less than 25 ° C and greater than -100 ° C,
- a surface tension of less than 60 millinewtons per meter (mN / m), preferably less than 50 mN / m, measured at concentrations in demineralized water less than or equal to 10 <sup>4</sup> mol / l at 20 ° C and under an atmosphere, and
- in which the transfer agent has been rendered inert with respect to said radical polymerization.
The invention also relates to formulations to be applied in the field of construction materials, in that of paints, in that of papers and in that of pressure sensitive adhesives and adhesives, and which include the various types of latexes prepared by said method or the redispersible powders that can be obtained by drying the latexes.
It also refers to the use of various types of latex and redispersible powders in formulations intended to be used, particularly, in the field of construction or in the field of paints.
However, other advantages and features of the present invention will become more apparent upon reading the description and examples that follow.
According to the invention, surfactant block copolymers comprising at least one hydrophilic block and at least one hydrophobic block are prepared by a "living" or "controlled" radical polymerization method that involves the use of a transfer agent to control said polymerization. radical. The hydrophilic block is preferably derived from hydrophilic monomers and the hydrophobic block is preferably derived from hydrophobic monomers.
ES 2 283 554 T3
In general, the above block copolymers can be obtained by any "live" or "controlled" polymerization method, such as:
- radical polymerization controlled by xanthates according to the principles of Patent Application WO 98/58974,
- radical polymerization controlled by dithioesters according to the principles of patent application WO 98/01478,
- polymerization by using nitroxide precursors according to the principles of patent application WO 99/03894,
- radical polymerization controlled by dithiocarbamates according to the principles of patent application WO 99/31144,
- radical atom transfer polymerization (ATRP) according to the principles of patent application WO 96/30421,
- radical polymerization controlled by initiators according to the principles of Otu et al., Makromol. Chem. Rapid. Commun., 3, 127 (1982),
- radical polymerization controlled by degenerative transfer of iodine according to the principles of Tatemoto et al., Jap. 50, 127, 991 (1995), Daikin Kogyo Co Ltd Japan (Daikin Kogyo, SA) and Matyjaszewski et al., Macromolecules, 28, 2093 (1995),
- group transfer polymerization according to the principles of Webster OW, "Group Transfer Polymerization", pages 580-588 of the "Encyclopedia of Polymer Sciences and Engineering", Vol. 7 edited by HF Mark, NM Bikales, CG Overberger and G. Menges, Wiley Interscience, New York, 1987,
- controlled radical polymerization by derivatives of tetraphenyl-ethane (D. Braun et al., Macromol. Symp., 111.63 (1996))
- radial polymerization controlled by organo-cobalt complexes (Wayland et al., J. Am. Chem Soc., 116, 7973 (1994)).
The preferred transfer agents to implement the controlled polymerization process are selected from dithioesters, thioether-thiones, dithiocarbamates and xanthates.
The preferred polymerization is living radical polymerization using xanthates.
Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for the preparation of said block polymers. This method consists of:
- Contact:
- at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer,
- at least one source of free radicals, and
- at least one transfer agent of formula (I) s
w
CS-R1 (l) ZR
In which:
- R represents a group R2O-, R2R'2N- or R3- with:
- R2 and R'2, which are identical or different, and represent (i) an alkyl, acyl, aryl, alkene or alkyne group, or (ii) an optionally aromatic, saturated or unsaturated carbon ring, or (iii) a he3
ES 2 283 554 T3 saturated or unsaturated terocycle, it being possible that said groups or rings (i), (ii) and (iii) can be substituted,
- R3 represents H, Cl, an alkyl, aryl, alkene, or alkyne group, an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated (hetero) ring, a thioalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, carboxyl, acyloxy, carbamoyl group , cyano, dialkyl or diaryl phosphonate or dialkyl or diaryl phosphinate, or a polymer chain,
- R1 represents (i) an optionally substituted alkyl, acyl, aryl, alkene, or alkyne group or (ii) a saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted or aromatic carbon ring or (iii) an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle or a polymer chain, and
- Repeat, at least once, the previous contacting operation, using:
- different monomers from the previous embodiment, and
- instead of the precursor compound of formula (I), the polymer resulting from the previous embodiment, and
- Make the transfer agent inert at the end of the polymerization.
The groups R1, R2, R'2 and R3 can be substituted by substituted phenyl or alkyl groups, substituted aromatic groups or the following groups: oxo, alkoxycarbonyl or aryloxycarbonyl (-COOR), carboxyl (-COOH), acyl -oxyl (-O<sub>2</sub>CR), carbamoyl (-CONR<sub>2</sub>), cyano (-CN), alkyl-carbonyl, alkyl-aryl-carbonyl, aryl-carbonyl, aryl-alkyl-carbonyl, isocyanate, phthalimido, maleimido, succinimido, amidino, guanidino, hydroxyl (-OH), amino (-NR<sub>2</sub>), halogen, allyl, epoxy, alkoxy (-OR), S-alkyl, S-aryl or silyl, groups having hydrophilic or ionic nature, such as alkali metal salts of carboxylic acids or alkaline salts of sulfonic acid, poly- ( alkylene oxide) (PEO, PPO) or cationic substituents (quaternary ammonium salts), R represents an alkyl or aryl group.
The transfer agent of formula (I) is preferably a dithiocarbonate selected from the compounds of the following formulas (IA), (IB) and (IC):
s tt
CS-R1 (IA) /
O-R2
R<sup>7</sup>- (- OCS-R'jp (IB)
H
S
R<sup>r</sup>- (- SCO-fVjp (IC) II s
In which:
- R2 and R2 'represent (i) an alkyl, acyl, aryl, alkene or alkyne group or (ii) an optionally aromatic, saturated or unsaturated carbon ring or (iii) a saturated or unsaturated heterocycle, it being possible that said groups and rings (i), (ii) and (iii) can be substituted,
- R1 and R2 represent (i) an optionally substituted alkyl, acyl, aryl, alkene or alkyne group or (ii) a saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted or aromatic carbon ring or (iii) an optionally substituted, saturated or unsaturated heterocycle or a polymer chain,
- p is between 2 and 10.
ES 2 283 554 T3
During Phase 1, a first block of the polymer with a hydrophilic or hydrophobic nature is synthesized, depending on the nature and amount of monomers used. During Phase 2, the other polymer block is synthesized.
The ethylenically unsaturated monomers are selected from the hydrophilic and hydrophobic monomers in the appropriate proportions to obtain a surfactant block copolymer, the blocks of these having the characteristics of the invention. According to this method, if all the successive polymerizations are carried out in the same reactor, as a general rule, it is preferred that all the monomers used during one phase have been consumed before the polymerization of the next phase begins, therefore before new monomers are introduced. However, it may happen that the hydrophobic and hydrophilic monomers from the previous phase are still present in the reactor during the polymerization of the next block. In this case, said monomers, in general, do not represent more than 5% of the molecular weight in grams of all the monomers, and participate in the following polymerization contributing to the introduction of the hydrophilic and hydrophobic units in the next block.
Surfactant block copolymers prepared according to this polymerization method can be simply diblocks, with a hydrophobic block and a hydrophilic block or even triblocks, with either a hydrophilic block formed by two hydrophobic blocks or a hydrophilic block formed by two hydrophilic blocks.
More specifically, the surfactant block copolymer can be obtained using, as the hydrophilic monomer, at least one ethylenically unsaturated monomer selected from the:
- unsaturated ethylenic mono- and dicarboxylic acids, such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or fumaric acid,
- monoalkyl esters of the mentioned dicarboxylic acids with alkanols preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and their N-substituted derivatives, such as: 2-hydroxy-phenyl acrylate or methacrylate,
- unsaturated carboxylic acid amides, such as acrylamide or methacrylamide,
- ethylenic monomers comprising a sulphonic acid group and its alkali metal salts or ammonium salts, for example: vinyl sulphonic acid, vinyl benzene sulphonic acid, α-acryl amido-methylpropane sulphonic acid or 2-sulfo-ethyl -methacrylate.
However, the preferred hydrophilic monomers are: acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid (AMPS) and styrene sulfonate (SS).
As examples of hydrophobic monomers that can be used to constitute the hydrophilic block, mention should be made in particular of: (meth) acrylic esters, vinyl esters and vinyl nitriles.
The term "(meth) acrylic esters" designates the esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohols Ci-C<sub>4</sub>, preferably Ci-C alcohols<sub>8</sub>. Compounds of this type include: methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, propyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethyl hexyl acrylate, t-butyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate. , ethyl-methacrylate, n-butyl-methacrylate or isobutyl-methacrylate. Preferred monomers are the esters of acrylic acid with linear or branched alcohols C<sub>1-</sub>C<sub>4</sub>, such as methyl-, ethyl-, propyl- and butyl-acrylate.
Vinyl nitriles more specifically include those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular, for example: acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile. Other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which can be used alone or in mixtures, or which can be copolymerized with the above monomers, are for example:
- vinyl esters of carboxylic acid, such as vinyl acetate, vinyl versatate or vinyl propionate,
- vinyl halides,
- vinyl amine amides, in particular vinyl formamide or vinyl acetamide,
- unsaturated ethylenic monomers comprising a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, such as, for example: vinyl-pyridines, vinyl-imidazole, amino-alkyl- (meth) acrylates and amino-alkyl- ( meth) acrylamides, such as: dimethylamino-ethyl acrylate or methacrylate, di-t-butyl-amino-ethyl acrylate or methacrylate, or dimethylamino-methyl-acrylamide or methacrylamide.
In the composition of the copolymers it is possible to include, obviously, a certain amount of hydrophobic monomers in the hydrophilic block and a certain amount of hydrophilic monomers in the hydrophobic block, as long as the surface-active properties and the limits of average molecular mass are met, glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic group and surface tension.
The polymerization of the copolymer can be carried out in an aqueous and / or organic solvent medium, such as tetrahydrofuran, in a linear, cyclic or branched aliphatic alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or cyclohexanol, or
ES 2 283 554 T3 in a diol, such as ethylene glycol. More specifically, an alcoholic solvent is recommended in case the hydrophilic monomers are: acrylic acid (AA), acrylamide (AM), 2-acrylamido-2-methyl-propane-sulfonic acid (AMPS) and styrene-sulfonate (SS), and the hydrophobic monomers are: n-butyl acrylate, isobutyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexylacrylate or t-butyl acrylate.
At the end of the controlled polymerization phase, the transfer agent located at one end of the surfactant block polymer chain is rendered inert, by any appropriate means, with respect to the subsequent radical polymerization related to the preparation of the latex. appropriate. It is possible that the nature of the polymerization reaction medium (eg: pH conditions, nature of the constituents of the reaction medium, monomers to be polymerized) is sufficient per se to inactivate the transfer agent. It is recommended to mask the active chemical functional groups of said agent by means of a suitable chemical covering agent or to destroy the transfer agent by hydrolysis or oxidation reaction, by metallic catalysis or by using primary radicals. In the case of xanthate as a transfer agent, it is recommended to render it inert, if necessary, by treating the copolymer formed, for example, by heat treatment, in a temperature range between 80 and 180 ° C, in the presence of an alcohol- amine, such as triethanolamine.
The ethylenically unsaturated monomers that can be used to prepare the latex are described below.
Among other suitable monomers, mention may be made, in a very particular way, of those corresponding to the following formula:
CXdX'd (= CVd - CV'd), = CH<sub>2</sub>
In which:
- Xd and X'd, which are identical or different, represent: H, an alkyl group or a halogen,
- Vd and V'd, which are identical or different, represent H, a halogen or a group R, OR, OCOR, NHCOH, OH, NH2, NHR, N (R) 2, (R ^ N + O<sup>-</sup>, NHCOR, CO2H, CO2R, CN, CONH2, CONHR or CONR2, in which the R, which are identical or different, are selected from the groups alkyl, aryl, aryl-alkyl, alkyl-aryl, alkene or organosilyl, optionally perfluorinated and optionally substituted by one or more carboxyl, epoxy, hydroxyl, alkoxy, amino, halogen or sulfonic groups,
- t has a value between 0 and 1.
According to a specific embodiment of the invention, the monomers used are preferably hydrophobic monomers. As examples of hydrophilic monomers, in particular, mention may be made of styrene and its derivatives, butadiene, chloroprene, (meth) acrylic esters, vinyl esters and vinyl nitriles.
The term "(meth) acrylic esters" designates the esters of acrylic acid and methacrylic acid with hydrogenated or fluorinated alcohols C<sub>1</sub>-C<sub>12</sub>, preferably Ci-C alcohols<sub>8</sub>.
Vinyl nitriles more specifically include those having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, in particular, for example: acrylonitrile and methacrylonitrile.
It must be taken into account that styrene can be replaced, in whole or in part, by its derivatives, such as α-methyl-styrene or vinyl-toluene.
Other ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which can be used alone or in mixtures, or which can be copolymerized with the aforementioned monomers, are, for example:
- vinyl esters of carboxylic acid,
- vinyl halides,
- vinyl amine amides,
- unsaturated ethylenic monomers comprising a secondary, tertiary or quaternary amino group or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group. It is also possible to use zwitterionic monomers, such as, for example: sulfo-propyl- (dimethyl) -amino-propyl-acrylate.
It should be taken into account that it is possible to use hydrophilic monomers, such as, for example:
- mono- and dicarboxylic acids
- mono-alkyl esters of the mentioned dicarboxylic acids with alkanols preferably having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and their N-substituted derivatives,
ES 2 283 554 T3
- unsaturated carboxylic acid amides,
- ethylenic monomers comprising a group of sulfonic acid and its alkali metal salts or ammonium salts
- unsaturated carboxylic acid amides, such as acrylamide, methacrylamide, N-methylol-acrylamide or N-methylol-methacrylamide or N-acrylamides.
It should be noted that all the monomers that have been mentioned in the context of the definition of surfactant block copolymer can be used to prepare the latex. Therefore, reference should be made to that part of the description.
As the ethylenically unsaturated monomer, preferably at least one monomer selected from styrene or its derivatives, butadiene, chloroprene, (meth) acrylic esters, vinyl esters and vinyl nitriles is used.
According to the invention, the polymerization reaction takes place in the presence of a radical polymerization initiator. The latter can be selected from the initiators traditionally used in it. It can be, for example, one of the following initiators:
- hydrogen peroxides, such as: t-butyl-hydroperoxide, cumene hydroperoxide, t-butyl peroxyacetate, t-butyl peroxybenzoate, t-butyl peroxyoctaonate, t-butyl peroxyneodecanoate, t-butyl peroxyisobutyrate, lauroyl peroxide, t-amyl peroxypivalate, t-butyl peroxypivalate, dicumyl peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, potassium persulfate or ammonium persulfate,
- -azo compounds, such as: 2,2'-azo-bis- (isobutyro-nitrile), 2,2'-azo-bis- (2-butane-nitrile), 4,4'azo-bis- (4-pentanoic) acid, 1,1 '-azo-bis- (cyclohexane-carbonitrile), 2- (t-butyl-azo) -2-cyano-propane, 2,2' -azobis- [2-methyl-N- (1,1) -bis- (hydroxy-methyl) -2-hydroxy-ethyl] -propion-amide, 2,2'-azo-bis- (2-methyl-N-hydroxyethyl] -propion-amide, 2,2'-azo-bis dichloride - (N, N'-dimethylene-isobutyro-amidine), 2,2'-azobis- (2-amidino-propane) dichloride, 2,2'-azo-bis- (N, N'-dimethylene-isobutyro- amide), 2,2'-azo-bis- (2-methyl-N- [1,1-bis (hydroxy-methyl) -2-hydroxy-ethyl] -propion-amide), 2,2'-azo-bis- ( 2-methyl-N- [1,1 -bis- (hydroxy-methyl) -ethyl] -propion-amide), 2,2'-azo-bis- [2-methyl-N- (2-hydroxy-ethyl) -propionamide] or 2,2'-azo-bis- (isobutyro-amide) dihydrate,
- redox systems comprising combinations such as:
- mixtures of hydrogen peroxide, alkyl peroxide, peresters, percarbonates and the like and any of their iron salts, titanium salts, formaldehyde-zinc sulfoxylate or sodium formaldehyde sulfoxylate, and reducing sugars,
- alkali metal or ammonium persulfates, perborates or perchlorates, in combination with an alkali metal bisulfite, such as sodium metabisulfite and reducing sugars,
- alkali metal persulfates, in combination with an aryl-phosphinic acid, such as benzenephosphonic acid and other similar substances and reducing sugars.
The polymerization reaction takes place in a conventional manner and a non-ionic or anionic surfactant selected from the alkoxylated mono-, di- or tri-alkyl phenols, mono-, di- or tri-styryl- can be added to the polymerization medium. alkoxylated phenols, alkoxylated fatty alcohols, and alkali metal and ammonium salts of C alkyl sulfates<sub>8</sub>-C<sub>12</sub>, alkoxylated and sulphated semi-esters of fatty alcohols, C alkyl sulphonate esters<sub>12</sub>-C<sub>18</sub>, and the like.
The polymerization temperature, by way of example, is between 50 and 120 ° C, more specifically between 70 and 90 ° C.
Therefore, according to the invention, an embodiment of the polymerization method comprises the following phases:
a) a stable aqueous pre-emulsion is prepared comprising the ethylenically unsaturated monomers of the principle and the surfactant block copolymer, using, for example, 2 to 3 parts of monomers / 1 part of the weight of water,
b) A reaction mixture comprising a conventional surfactant as defined above, an initiator and water is introduced into a polymerization reactor and 1 to 10%, preferably 3 to 7%, of the weight of the pre-emulsion prepared in phase a)
c) the reaction mixture obtained at the end of phase b) is heated to a temperature between 40 and 90 ° C, preferably between 60 and 80 ° C, in order to produce a bubble formed by latex particles dispersed in Water,
ES 2 283 554 T3
d) the pre-emulsion obtained in phase a) is added with an additional quantity of initiator through two different inlets of the reactor and the latex is obtained, and
e) optionally, the latex obtained in phase d) is heated to a temperature comprised between 40 and 90 ° C, preferably between 60 and 80 ° C.
In general, it is recommended to use an effective amount of block copolymer in order to obtain the desired surfactant effect within the polymerization medium, which generally corresponds to the use of between 0.5 and 5, preferably between 1 and 4 % of the weight of the surfactant block copolymer with respect to the total weight of the water used during the polymerization of the latex. It is also recommended to use between 1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 5% of the weight of the copolymer with respect to the total weight of monomers used during the polymerization of the latex.
Another object of the present invention are the redispersible powders that can be obtained by drying the latex prepared by the method of the invention. The drying of the latex can be carried out in a manner known per se. Accordingly, drying can be carried out at a low temperature or, preferably, by spraying. It can be carried out in any known apparatus, for example: a spray tower that combines a spray through a nozzle or turbine with a stream of hot gas. The inlet temperature of the hot gas (generally air) at the top of the column is preferably between 100 and 115 ° C and the outlet temperature is preferably between 55 and 65 ° C. According to an advantageous embodiment of the present invention, drying is carried out in the presence of a drying additive. Conventional dispersing agents can be used. Special mention should be made, for example: polyphenols, salts of glutamic acid, polyvinyl alcohol, derivatives of polyvinylpyrrolidone or cellulose. It should be noted that a nonionic or anionic surfactant can also be used. In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the content of the drying additive is less than or equal to 5% by weight of the polymer.
The latexes prepared according to the method of the present invention show:
- good resistance to Ca ions<sup>++</sup> in concentrations in water greater than 0.25%,
- a contact angle and surface tension that can be adjusted,
- good shear stability
- good resistance to humidity after film formation,
- high thickening capacity, and
- little or no whitening tendency.
The latexes and redispersible powders object of the present invention can be used, among other things, in traditional fields of application, such as the field of building materials, paints, papers or adhesives, including pressure sensitive adhesives.
Consequently, the present invention also has as its object the formulations intended to be applied in the field of building materials, and comprise latex or redispersible powders prepared according to the method of the invention.
It also refers to formulations intended to be applied in the field of paints, and includes latex or redispersible powders.
Finally, it also refers to formulations intended to be applied in the field of pressure sensitive adhesives and adhesives, and includes latex or redispersible powders.
Specific but not restrictive examples of the invention are shown below.
In the following examples:
- Mn represents the number that expresses the average molecular mass (Mn) of the polymers; Mn is expressed in polystyrene equivalents (g / mol),
- Mw represents the weight average molecular mass (g / mol)
- Mw / Mn represents the polydispersity index,
- the polymers, before hydrolysis, are analyzed by chromatography (GPC) (Gel Permeation Chromatography) with THF (tetrahydrofuran) as elution solvent.
ES 2 283 554 T3
Example 1
Preparation of a diblock polymer with a 50/50 weight ratio of P (BA) -BP (AA) (poly- (butyl acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
The following mixture is introduced into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column and containing 160 g of acetone:
- 3.04 g of xanthate-A, S-ethyl-propionyl-O-ethyl-dithiocarbonate (hereinafter known as xanthate)
- 21.24 g of isopropanol, and
- 0.82 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile (AIBN).
The mixture is subsequently stirred and refluxed at 70 ° C. 66 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 15 g of water are added gradually over 3 hours. Then 0.41 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile are added after one hour of the addition and later a further 0.41 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile are added after two hours of the addition. After the acid addition is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue for another hour. A 0.20 g quantity of the reaction mixture is extracted as a sample of the PAA homopolymer.
Subsequently, the temperature is lowered to 65 ° C by adding 560 g of acetone. 140 g of butyl acrylate (BA) are gradually added over 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 65 ° C. At the beginning of the BA addition, 0.40 g of AIBN is added. The reaction is allowed to continue for a further 3 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator. The residue obtained is dispersed in water and lyophilized. Polymers are analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by measuring their acid content.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block is -54 ° C. The surface tension is 55 mN / m at 10<sup>4</sup> mol / l.
Example 2
Preparation of a diblock polymer with a 70/30 weight ratio of P (BA) -BP (AA) (poly- (butyl acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
The following mixture is introduced, under a nitrogen atmosphere, into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column and containing 160 g of acetone:
- 0.61 g of xanthate-A, S-ethyl-propionyl-O-ethyl-dithiocarbonate (hereinafter known as xanthate)
- 4.25 g of isopropanol, and
- 0.16 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile.
The mixture is subsequently stirred and refluxed at 70 ° C. 13.2 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 130.3 g of water are added gradually over 3 hours. Then 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after one hour of the addition and later a further 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after two hours of the addition. After the acid addition is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue for another hour. A 4.1 g quantity of the reaction mixture is extracted as a sample of the PAA homopolymer.
Subsequently, the temperature is lowered to 65 ° C by adding 112 grams of acetone. 28 g of butyl acrylate (BA) are gradually added over 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 65 ° C. At the beginning of the BA addition, 0.08 g of AIBN is added. The nitrogen purge is stopped and the reaction is allowed to continue for a further 12 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator. The residue obtained is dispersed in water and lyophilized. Polymers are analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by measuring their acid content.
The average molecular mass is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block is -54 ° C. The surface tension is 52 mN / m at 10<sup>4</sup> mol / l.
ES 2 283 554 T3
Example 3
Preparation of a diblock polymer with a 60/40 weight ratio of P (BA) -BP (AA) (poly- (butyl acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
The following mixture is introduced into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column and containing 160 g of acetone:
- 1.53 g of xanthate-A, S-ethyl-propionyl-O-ethyl-dithiocarbonate (hereinafter known as xanthate)
- 10.72 g of isopropanol, and
- 0.42 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile (AIBN).
The mixture is subsequently stirred and refluxed at 70 ° C. 44.0 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 75.4 g of water are added gradually over 3 hours. Then 0.21 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after one hour of the addition and later a further 0.21 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after two hours of the addition. After the acid addition is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue for another hour. An amount of 10.98 g of the reaction mixture is extracted as a sample of the PAA homopolymer.
Subsequently, the temperature is lowered to 65 ° C by adding 280 g of acetone. 60 g of butyl acrylate (BA) are gradually added over 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 65 ° C. At the beginning of the BA addition, 0.20 g of AIBN is added. The nitrogen purge is stopped and the reaction is allowed to continue for a further 12 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator. The residue obtained is dispersed in water and lyophilized. Polymers are analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by measuring their acid content.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic PBA block is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the PAA block. The surface tension is 58.8 mN / m at 10<sup>4</sup> mol / l.
Example 4
Preparation of a diblock polymer with an 80/20 weight ratio of P (BA) -BP (AA) (poly- (butyl acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
The following mixture is introduced into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column and containing 160 g of acetone:
- 0.61 g of xanthate-A, S-ethyl-propionyl-O-ethyl-dithiocarbonate (hereinafter known as xanthate)
- 4.21 g of isopropanol, and
- 0.16 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile (AIBN).
The mixture is subsequently stirred and refluxed at 70 ° C. 8.80 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 30.35 g of water are added gradually over 3 hours. Then 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after one hour of the addition and later a further 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after two hours of the addition. After the acid addition is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue for another hour. A 3.7 g quantity of the reaction mixture is extracted as a sample of the PAA homopolymer.
Subsequently, the temperature is lowered to 65 ° C by adding 112 grams of acetone. 32 g of butyl acrylate (BA) are gradually added over 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 65 ° C. At the beginning of the BA addition, 0.08 g of AIBN are added. The nitrogen purge is stopped and the reaction is allowed to continue for a further 12 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator. The residue obtained is dispersed in water and lyophilized. Polymers are analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by measuring their acid content.
The average molecular mass is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic PBA block is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the PAA block.
ES 2 283 554 T3
Example 5 preparation of a diblock polymer with a 55/45 weight ratio of P (BA) -BP (AA) (poly- (butyl acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
The following mixture is introduced into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column and containing 160 g of acetone:
- 0.61 g of xanthate-A, S-ethyl-propionyl-O-ethyl-dithiocarbonate (hereinafter known as xanthate)
- 4.31 g of isopropanol, and
- 0.17 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile (AIBN).
The mixture is subsequently stirred and refluxed at 70 ° C. 19.80 g of acrylic acid (AA) and 30.31 g of water are added gradually over 3 hours. Then 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after one hour of the addition and later a further 0.08 g of azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile is added after two hours of the addition. After the acid addition is complete, the polymerization is allowed to continue for another hour. An amount of 4.76 g of the reaction mixture is extracted as a sample of the PAA homopolymer.
Subsequently, the temperature is lowered to 65 ° C by adding 112 grams of acetone. 22 g of butyl acrylate (BA) are gradually added over 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 65 ° C. At the beginning of the BA addition, 0.08 g of AIBN are added. The nitrogen purge is stopped and the reaction is allowed to continue for a further 12 hours. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator. The residue obtained is dispersed in water and lyophilized. Polymers are analyzed by carbon-13 nuclear magnetic resonance and by measuring their acid content.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block p (BA) is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the block p (AA). The surface tension is 52.0 mN / m at 10<sup>4</sup> mol / l.
Example 6
Preparation of a diblock polymer with a weight ratio of P (BA) / P (AM): 60/40 P (BA)<sub>3000</sub>_B-P (AM)<sub>2000</sub>(poly (butyl) -acrylate) -policycrylamide) comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type
1) Stage 1
Synthesis of the monoblock p (BA)<sub>3000</sub>-X (X = xanthate)
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
<td>Tetrahydro-furan</td><td>66.38 gr</td>
<td>Butyl acrylate</td><td>24.00 gr</td>
<td>Xanthate A</td><td>1,664 gr</td>
<td>AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile)</td><td>0.263 gr</td>
in a 250 ml polymerization reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The reaction is carried out, under a nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and subsequently the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 28.09%.
2) Stage 2
Synthesis of diblock p (BA)<sub>3000</sub>-bp (AM)<sub>2000</sub>-X
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
Tetrahydro-furan 63.00 gr
Acrylamide 16.00 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.263 gr
ES 2 283 554 T3 in a dry container, under nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and then transferred to a polymerization reactor using a syringe with two cannulas. Subsequently, at the end of the transfer, the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 24.59%. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 5,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic PBA block is -54 ° C and 165 ° C in the PAA block. The surface tension is 58 mN / m.
Example 7
Preparation of a diblock polymer with a weight ratio of P (BA) / P (AA): 80/20 P (BA)<sub>30K-</sub>BP (AA)<sub>2000</sub>(poly (butyl) -acrylate) -poly- (acrylic) acid comprising a reactive end of the xanthate type in ethanol
1) Stage 1
Synthesis of the monoblock p (BA)<sub>3000</sub>-X
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
<td>Ethanol</td><td>79.00 gr</td>
<td>Butyl acrylate</td><td>32.00 gr</td>
<td>Xanthate A</td><td>1,664 gr</td>
<td>AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile)</td><td>0.263 gr</td>
in a 250 ml polymerization reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The reaction is carried out, under a nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and subsequently the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 30.04%.
2) Stage 2
Synthesis of diblock p (BA)<sub>3000</sub>-bp (AA)<sub>2000</sub>-X
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
Ethanol 19.00 gr
Acrylic acid 8.00 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.066 g in a dry container, under nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and then transferred to a polymerization reactor using a syringe with two cannulas. Subsequently, at the end of the transfer, the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 30%. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 5,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic pBA block is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the pAA block.
Example 8
Synthesis of the P diblock (BA)<sub>7500-</sub>BP (AA)<sub>7500</sub> with a weight ratio of P (BA) / P (AA): (50/50)
1) Stage 1
Synthesis of the monoblock p (BA)<sub>7500</sub>-X
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
Tetrahydro-furan 48.00 gr
Butyl-acrylate 20.00 gr
ES 2 283 554 T3
Xanthate A 0.555 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.088 g in a 250 ml polymerization reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The reaction is carried out, under a nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and subsequently the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 30.2%.
2) Stage 2
Synthesis of diblock p (BA)<sub>7500</sub>-bp (AA)<sub>7500</sub>-X
The following composition of the reaction mixture is charged:
Tetrahydro-furan 47.00 gr
Acrylic acid 20.00 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.088 g in a dry container, under nitrogen atmosphere, for 20 minutes and then transferred to a polymerization reactor using a syringe with two cannulas. Subsequently, at the end of the transfer, the reaction mixture is heated to 60 ° C and kept at this temperature for 20 hours. Small amounts of polymer samples are drawn from time to time to monitor their conversion. The solid material content is 30%. The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 15,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block p (BA) is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the block p (AA). The surface tension is 55 mN / m.
Example 9
Synthesis of the P diblock (BA)<sub>1000-</sub>BP (AA)<sub>4000</sub> with a weight ratio of P (BA) / P (AA): (20/80)
1) Stage 1
Synthesis of the monoblock p (BA)<sub>1000</sub>-X
Exactly the same procedure of Step A) of Example 8 is repeated, except that the following is used
<td>reaction mixture:</td><td></td>
<td>Tetrahydro-furan</td><td>23.00 gr</td>
<td>Butyl acrylate</td><td>8.00 gr</td>
<td>Xanthate A</td><td>1,664 gr</td>
<td>AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile)</td><td>0.263 gr</td>
The solid material content is 30.2%.
2) Stage 2
Synthesis of diblock p (BA)<sub>1000</sub>-bp (AA)<sub>4000</sub>-X
Exactly the same procedure of Step B) of Example 8 is repeated, except that the following reaction mixture is used:
Tetrahydro-furan 75.00 gr
Acrylic acid 32.00 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.263 gr
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator.
ES 2 283 554 T3
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 5,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic pBA block is -54 ° C and 105 ° C in the pAA block. The surface tension is 45.11 mN / m.
Example 10
Synthesis of the P diblock (BA)<sub>2000-</sub>BP (AA)<sub>3000</sub> with a weight ratio of P (BA) / P (AM): (40/60)
1) Stage 1
Synthesis of the monoblock p (BA)<sub>1000</sub>-X
Exactly the same procedure of Step A) of Example 8 is repeated, except that the following reaction mixture is used:
Tetrahydro-furan 30.00 gr
Butyl-acrylate 16.00 gr
Xanthate A 1,664 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.263 gr
The solid material content is 37.4%.
2) Stage 2
Synthesis of the p (BA) 2aaa-bp (AA) diblock<sub>3000</sub>-X
Exactly the same procedure of Step B) of Example 8 is repeated, except that the following reaction mixture is used:
Tetrahydro-furan 100.00 gr
Acrylamide 24.00 gr
AIBN (azo-bis-isobutyro-nitrile) 0.263 gr
The reaction mixture is allowed to cool and virtually all solvents are removed using a rotary evaporator.
The average molecular mass of the copolymer is 5,000. The glass transition temperature of the hydrophobic block p (BA) is -54 ° C and 165 ° C in the block p (AM). The surface tension is 52 mN / m.
Example 11
Decomposition phase of thiocarbonylthio (dithiocarbonate or xanthate) at the end of the chain of copolymers
This decomposition phase is general and applies to all the copolymers of Examples 1 to 10:
0.09 g of triethanolamine are added to 30% of a tetrahydrofuran solution of 6 g of a copolymer as obtained in any one of Examples 1 to 10 in a sealed container equipped with a magnetic stirrer. The container is shaken and heated at 160 ° C in an oil bath for 16 hours. The polymer that has become inert is characterized by<sup>13</sup> C NMR. The ratio of the C = S groups at 216 ppm to the C = O groups in the polymer at 176 ppm decreases as a function of reaction time. The C = S groups disappear at the end of the reaction.
Example 12
Preparation of a latex comprising a block copolymer prepared as in Example 6 above
Latex preparation method:
81 g of deionized water, 5.20 g of MMA (methyl methacrylate), 4.7 g of butyl acrylate (BA) and 100 g of methacrylic acid are introduced into a reactor equipped with a magnetic stirrer and a reflux column. . The mixture is heated to 80 ° C with stirring and purged with nitrogen.
ES 2 283 554 T3
In addition, a monomer pre-emulsion is prepared as follows:
- 116 g of deionized water, 5.20 g of MMA (methyl methacrylate), 4.7 g of butyl acrylate (BA), 1.00 g of methacrylic acid and 0.2 g of the prepared block copolymer are mixed in Example 6.
- 10 g of the aforementioned pre-emulsion are quickly added to the mixture at 80 ° C, followed by 25% of the weight of an initiator solution comprising 228.2 g / mol of ammonium persulfate and 342.3 g / mol of Na<sub>2</sub>Co<sub>3</sub>. The new reaction mixture is kept at 80 ° C for 15 minutes. The residue of the monomer pre-emulsion and the initiator solution is charged in a reactor for 3 hours while maintaining the temperature at 80 ° C throughout the reagent addition process. After completion of the reaction, the reaction mixture is kept at 85 ° C for 30 minutes. It is then cooled to 30 ° C and filtered through a mesh screen and the pH is adjusted using a 28% aqueous ammonium solution.
The final latex obtained has the following properties:
- a solid matter content of 44.78%;
- a 0.12% clot;
- a size of the latex particles of 134.7 nm;
- good resistance to AC ions<sup>++</sup> in concentrations in water greater than 0.25%;
- a contact angle of the latex film with water of 76.5 °
- Shear stability of 2 minutes 30 seconds at a pH of 6.27
- whitening: negligible;
- minimum film formation temperature: 12 ° C.
Example 13
Preparation of a latex comprising the block copolymer prepared in Example 10 above
The procedure of Example 12 above is repeated exactly the same, except that the block copolymer used is that prepared in Example 3.
The final latex obtained has the following properties:
- a solid matter content of 45.00%;
- a clot of 0.30%;
- a latex particle size of 108.3 nm;
- good resistance to CA ++ ions at concentrations in water greater than 0.25%;
- a contact angle of the latex film with water of 62 °
- Shear stability of 5 minutes 10 seconds at a pH of 8.99
- whitening: highly visible;
- minimum film formation temperature: 12 ° C.
It is evident that the latex obtained has inferior properties, particularly with regard to whitening and resistance to Ca ions.<sup>++</sup>.
Contents16
97 members in 19 offices
Priority claims5
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
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| 20010288846P | United States of America | – | |
| 28884601 | United States of America | P | |
| 28884601 | United States of America | P | |
| 02731659288846P | – | – | – |
| US20010288846P | – | – | – |
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| EP1383813A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP1392737A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP1397403A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP1397417A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| EP1401903A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| EP1401973A2 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A2 | |
| US2004071871A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2004082494A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| EP1419181A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| US2004122193A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| US2004132961A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| JP2004530751A | Japan | A | |
| US2004209995A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| PL363861A1 | Poland | A1 | |
| US6825290B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| JP2005503452A | Japan | A | |
| RU2003128869A | Russian Federation | A | |
| RU2003128871A | Russian Federation | A | |
| RU2003135219A | Russian Federation | A | |
| US2005131144A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| CN1220707C | China | C | |
| JP3715924B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| RU2265615C2 | Russian Federation | C2 | |
| CN1735635A | China | A | |
| CN1735666A | China | A | |
| US7109276B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1419181B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT356834T | Austria | T | |
| ATE356834T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE60218864D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| PT1419181E | Portugal | E | |
| EP1392737B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DK1419181T3 | Denmark | T3 | |
| DE60221008D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| ES2283554T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| DE60218864T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| CA2382853C | Canada | C | |
| EP1397403B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE60221008T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| AT388970T | Austria | T | |
| ATE388970T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE60225550D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| US7396901B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| EP1401903B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT404600T | Austria | T | |
| ATE404600T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| EP1401973B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE60228252D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| AT408657T | Austria | T | |
| ATE408657T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE60228959D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| EP1383813B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| DE60225550T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| AT427327T | Austria | T | |
| ATE427327T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| DE60231802D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| JP4744783B2 | Japan | B2 | |
| EP1208119B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| MX290138B | Mexico | B | |
| AT520721T | Austria | T | |
| ATE520721T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| NO343203B1 | Norway | B1 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2283554
- Publication, DOCDB
- 2283554
- Publication, EPODOC
- ES2283554T
- Application
- 2731659
- Application, DOCDB
- 02731659
- Application, EPODOC
- ES20020731659T
Titles2
- Spanish
- PROCEDIMIENTO PARA LA PREPARACION DE DIVERSOS TIPOS DE LATEX.
- English
- PROCEDURE FOR THE PREPARATION OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF LATEX.
Classification
- CPC, 7
- C08F2/24
- C08F2/38
- C08F2800/20
- C08F2810/40
- Y10S526/922
- C08F8/00
- C08F287/00
- IPC, 6
- C08F2 24
- C08F2 00
- C08F2 38
- C08F8 00
- C08F297 00
- C09D157 00