Activator solid support for metallocene catalysts in the polymerisation of olefins, its corresponding preparation process, catalytical system and polymerisation process
Abstract
THIS SOLID SUPPORT METALOCENE ACTIVATOR AS CATALYZERS IN THE POLYMERIZATION OF THE OLEFINS, CHARACTERIZED BECAUSE IT CONSISTS OF A SET OF SOLID CATALITIC COMPONENT SUPPORT PARTICLES, FORMED BY AT LEAST A POROUS MINERAL OXIDE DIFFUSED IN PARTICIPATED , LEWIS, ALUMINUM AND / OR MAGNESIAN ACID SITES, FORMULA: OR -MG-F, HAVING REACTIONED THE GROUPS TO- PROCEDURES OF A RADIAL OPERATING AGENT -OH CARRIED BY THE BASIC PARTICLES OF THE SUPPORT, BEING FOLLOWED THE FUNCTIONALIZATION REACTION BY A FLUORATION REACTION. THE CATALYTIC SYSTEM ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION INCLUDES (A) A METALOCENE CATALYST, WHICH, IN ITS CASE, HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO A PREALKILATION; (B) A COCATALIZER AND (C) A SOLID METALOCENE ACTIVATING SUPPORT AS DEFINED PREVIOUSLY, THE COCATALIZER MAY BE ABLE (B) BE ABSENT IF THE METALOCENE CATALYST (A) HAS BEEN PREVIOUSLY ALKILATED, COULD BEING SUPPORTED (SUPPORTED) BY THE METALOCENE CATALYST (A), WHICH, IN HIS CASE, HAS BEEN SUBJECTED TO A PREALKILATION TREATMENT CARRIED OUT BEFORE OR WELL AFTER THE PRE-PREPREGNATION OF SUCH SUPPORT.
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40 claims: 22 independent, 18 dependent
- 1ES 2 200 286 T3 REIVINDICACIONES 1. Soporte sólido activador de los metalocenos como catalizadores en la polimerización de las olefinas, caracterizado porque consiste en un conjunto de partículas de soporte del componente catalítico sólido, formadas por al menos un óxido mineral poroso, habiéndose modificado dichas partículas para presentar, en la superficie, unos sitios ácidos de Lewis, alumínicos y/o magnesianos, de fórmula:F \ / \ Al-F, Al o Mg-F, habiendo reaccionado los grupos Al- Al- procedentes de un / \ / F agente de funcionalización sobre unos radicales -OH presentes en las partículas de base del soporte, y habiéndose llevado a cabo, a continuación de la reacción de funcionalización, una reacción de fluoración.
- 2Soporte según la reivindicación 1, caracterizado porque los óxidos minerales se seleccionan de entre sílice, alúmina y sus mezclas.
- 3Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 y 2, caracterizado porque las partículas presentan unos poros de un diámetro que oscila entre 7,5 y 30 nm.
- 4Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 3, caracterizado porque las partículas presentan una porosidad de 1 a 4 cm 3 /g.
- 5Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 4, caracterizado porque las partículas presentan una superficie específica que oscila entre 100 y 600 m 2 / g.
- 6Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 5, caracterizado porque presentan un diámetro medio de 1 a 100 μm.
- 7Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 6, caracterizado porque las partículas presentan en su superficie, de 0,25 a 10, principalmente de 0,5 a 4, de dichos sitios ácidos de Lewis alumínicos y/o magnesianos por lo menos parcialmente fluorados por nm 2 .
- 8Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 7, caracterizado porque dichos sitios ácidos de Lewis alumínicos y/o magnesianos por lo menos parcialmente fluorados se forman mediante la reacción de radicales -OH presentes en las partículas de base del soporte con al menos un agente de funcionalización seleccionado de entre:- los compuestos de fórmula (I): Al(R 1 )3 en la que R 1 , idénticos o diferentes, representa cada uno un grupo alquilo en C1-C20;- los compuestos de fórmula (II): Mg(R 2 )2 (I) (II) en la que R 2 , idénticos o diferentes, representa cada uno un grupo alquilo en C1-C20;y - los compuestos de fórmula (III): (R 3 )m—Y—O—(Al— O)n—Al—(R 4 )2 R 4 (III) en la que: - R 3 , idénticos o diferentes, representa cada uno un grupo alquilo en C1-C12 o un grupo alcoxi en C1-C12;- R 4 , idénticos o diferentes, representa cada uno un grupo alquilo en C1-C12 o un grupo alcoxi en C1-C12;- Y representa Al ó Si, m presenta valor de 2 si Y = Al y 3 si Y = Si;y ES 2 200 286 T3 - n es 0 o un número entero de 1 a 40, preferentemente n es 0 ó es un número entero de 1 a 20;- los compuestos de fórmula (IV): en la que: - R 5 , representa cada uno un grupo alquilo en C1-C8;y - p es un número entero de 3 a 20, llevándose a cabo, a continuación de dicha reacción de funcionalización, una reacción de fluoración.
- 9Soporte según la reivindicación 8, caracterizado porque el compuesto (I) es trietilaluminio.
- 10Soporte según la reivindicación 8, caracterizado porque el compuesto (II) es n-butil sec-butil magnesio.
- 11Soporte según la reivindicación 8, caracterizado porque el compuesto (III) es dibutoxialuminoxitrietoxisilano (C2H5O)3Si-O-Al- (OC4H9)2, tetraisobutildialuminoxano (iBu)2 Al-O-Al (iBu)2, y los alquilo aluminoxanos oligomeros lineales, en particular aquellos en los que R 3 y R 4 son grupos metilo.
- 12Soporte según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 11, preimpregnado con un catalizador metaloceno, en el que dicho catalizador metaloceno se somete, en su caso a un tratamiento de prealquilación llevado a cabo antes o después de la preimpregnación de dicho soporte.
- 13Procedimiento para la preparación de un soporte sólido activador de los metalocenos como catalizadores en la polimerización de las olefinas, caracterizado porque se somete a una funcionalización un conjunto de partículas de soporte del componente catalítico sólido, formados por al menos un óxido mineral poroso y presentando, en la superficie, unos radicales -OH, utilizando un agente de funcionalización capaz de implantar sobre dichas partículas unos sitios ácidos de Lewis alumínicos y/o magnesianos;y a continuación dichas partículas de soporte implantadas de este modo se someten a un tratamiento de fluoración.
- 14Procedimiento según la reivindicación 13, caracterizado porque los óxidos minerales se seleccionan de entre sílice, alúmina y sus mezclas.
- 15Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 y 14, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas partículas que presentan unos poros con un diámetro comprendido entre 7,5 y 30 nm.
- 16Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 15, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas partículas que presentan una porosidad que oscila entre 1 y 4 cm 3 /g.
- 17Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 16, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas partículas que presentan una superficie específica de 100 a 600 m 2 /g.
- 18Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 17, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas partículas que presentan un diámetro medio de 1 a 100 μm.
- 19Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 14 a 18, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas partículas que presentan en su superficie, de 0,25 a 10, principalmente de 0,5 a 4, de dichos radicales -OH por nm 2 .
- 20Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 19, caracterizado porque se utiliza un agente de funcionalización tal como se ha definido en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 8 a 11.
- 21Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 20, caracterizado porque se lleva a cabo la funcionalización tratando una suspensión de dichas partículas en un medio solvente con dicho agente de funcionalización a una temperatura de -150°C a + 150°C durante un periodo de tiempo de 1 minuto a 12 horas, y a continuación se recuperan las partículas implantadas después de lavado.
- 22Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 21, caracterizado porque se utilizan de 0,5 a 20 mmoles de agente de funcionalización por g de partículas. ES 2 200 286 T3
- 23Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 22, caracterizado porque después de la funcionalización, se lleva a cabo un tratamiento térmico bajo un gas inerte, preferentemente en lecho fluidificado por dicho gas inerte, estando dicho tratamiento destinado a eliminar los grupos alcoxi presentes en la superficie.
- 24Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 23, caracterizado porque, previamente a la fluoración, se lleva a cabo un tratamiento de oxidación consistente principalmente en un tratamiento térmico en lecho fluidificado por oxígeno.
- 25Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 24, caracterizado porque la fluoración se lleva a cabo poniendo en contacto las partículas de soporte funcionalizados con el ácido fluorhídrico gaseoso, en su caso después de un tratamiento térmico bajo gas inerte y/o después de oxidación, a razón principalmente del 1 al 5 % en peso, en particular del 3 al 5 % en peso, de flúor en relación con dichas partículas de soporte, llevándose a cabo dicha puesta en contacto en un periodo de tiempo de 1 minuto a 24 horas y a una temperatura de 20 a 800°C.
- 26Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a 24, caracterizado porque la fluoración mediante (NH4)2SiF6 se lleva a cabo mezclando las partículas de soporte funcionalizadas, en su caso después de un tratamiento térmico bajo gas inerte y/o después de oxidación, con (NH4)2SiF6 pulverizado, a razón principalmente del 1 al 5 % en peso, en particular del 3 al 5%, de flúor en relación con dichas partículas de soporte, y a continuación fluidificando ligeramente la mezcla precipitada con un gas inerte y llevando a cabo un tratamiento térmico a una temperatura de aproximadamente 300 a 500°C durante un periodo aproximado de 1 a 10 horas.
- 27Sistema catalítico para la polimerización de las olefinas, que comprende:(a) un catalizador metaloceno que, en su caso, se ha sometido a una prealquilación;(b) un cocatalizador;y (c) un soporte sólido activador del metaloceno, tal como se ha definido en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 1 a 11 o preparado mediante el procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 13 a26, pudiendo estar ausente el cocatalizador (b) si el catalizador metaloceno (a) se ha alquilado previamente, pudiendo estar el soporte (c) impregnado por el catalizador metaloceno (a), que se ha sometido, en su caso, a un tratamiento de prealquilación llevado a cabo o bien antes, o bien después de la preimpregnación de dicho soporte.
- 28Sistema catalítico según la reivindicación 27, caracterizado porque el catalizador metaloceno (a) se selecciona de entre los compuestos de fórmula (V):—Lx (V) en la que: - — representa un metal de transición que pertenece al grupo 4b de la Calsificación periódica;- L representa un ligando coordinado al metal de transición, siendo por lo menos un ligando L un grupo de esqueleto de tipo cicloalcadienilo;y - X es igual a la valencia del metal de transición, siendo los ligandos L, cuyo número es igual a la valencia del metal de transición —, idénticos o diferentes;• cuando el compuesto (V) contiene por lo menos dos grupos de esqueleto de tipo cicloalcadienilo, por lo menos dos de dichos grupos pueden estar unidos entre si por un radical bivalente;• cuando un grupo de esqueleto de tipo cicloalcadienilo está sustituido, los sustituyentes se pueden seleccionar de entre los grupos alquilo en C1-C20, alquenilo en C2-C20, arilo y aralquilo, encontrándose dos sustituyentes en unas posiciones adyacentes sobre un mismo anillo cicloalcadienilo y se pueden unir entre sí, formando un ciclo aromático o no, condensado sobre dicho anillo cicloalcadienilo, y en el caso en que dicho último sea un anillo ciclopentadienilo, el ciclo condensado resultante puede ser un ciclo indenilo, tetrahidroindenilo, fluorenilo, octahidrofluorenilo. • pudiendo seleccionarse por lo menos un ligando L de entre los grupos de la fórmula: -O-;-S-;-NR 6 -;o PR 6 (donde R 6 representa el hidrógeno o un grupo seleccionado de entre los grupos sililo, alquilo o arilo, dichos dos últimos siendo eventualmente halogenados) una de cuyas valencias libres está unida al átomo de metal de transición —, y la otra valencia libre está unida a un radical bivalente, ligado él mismo a un ligando L de esqueleto cicloalcadienilo;y los grupos de fórmula -OR 7 ;-SR 7 ;-NR 7 2 ó PR 7 2 (donde R 7 presenta el mismo significado que R 6 anteriormente) cuya valencia libre se une a un radical bivalente, ligado él mismo a un ligando L de esqueleto cicloalcadienilo;ES 2 200 286 T3 • pudiendo seleccionarse unos ligandos L diferentes de los definidos anteriormente de entre los grupos hidrocarbonados que comprenden de 1 a 20 átomos de carbono;los grupos alcoxi;y los halógenos.
- 29Sistema catalítico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 27 y 28, caracterizado porque el cocatalizador (b) se selecciona de entre:(b1) los alquilaluminios de la fórmula (Ia) Al(R 8 )3 (Ia) en la que R 8 , idénticos o diferentes, representan alquilo, sustituido o no, y comprenden de 1 a 12 átomos de carbono;alcoxi;arilo;halógeno;hidrógeno u oxigeno;representando por lo menos un R 8 alquilo;(b2) los sesquihalogenuros de aluminio;(b3) los compuestos de fórmula (IIIa) que consisten en los compuestos de fórmula (III) tal como se han definido en la reivindicación 8 en la que Y = Al;(b4) los compuestos de la fórmula (IV) tal como se han definido en la reivindicación 8.
- 30Sistema catalítico según la reivindicación 29, caracterizado porque el cocatalizador (b) se selecciona de entre metilaluminoxano, triisobutilaluminio y trietilaluminio.
- 31Sistema catalítico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 27 a 30, caracterizado porque la relación molar A1 del cocatalizador (b1) ó (b2) con el metal de transición del metaloceno es de 1 a 10.000, en particular de 1 a 2.000;y la relación molar A1 del cocatalizador (b3) ó (b4) con el metal de transición del metaloceno (a) es de 1 a 10000, en particular de 10 a 200.
- 32Sistema catalítico según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 27 a 31, caracterizado porque el sólido activador se utiliza a razón de 0,01 a 2.000 mg, en particular de 0,01 a 200 mg, por μmol de catalizador metaloceno.
- 33Procedimiento de homopolimerización o de copolimerización de olefinas, en suspensión o en fase acuosa, en presencia de un sistema catalítico tal como se ha definido en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 27 a 32.
- 34Procedimiento según la reivindicación 33, caracterizado porque se utilizan unas olefinas en C2-C20, en particular unas alfa-olefinas tales como etileno, propileno, 1-buteno, 4-metil-1-penteno, 1-octeno, 1-hexeno, 3-metil-1penteno, 3-metil-1- buteno, 1-deceno y 1-tetradeceno.
- 35Procedimiento según la reivindicación 34, caracterizado porque la olefina a (co)polimerizar es etileno.
- 36Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 33 a 35, llevado a cabo en suspensión, caracterizado porque se introduce en un reactor una suspensión en un medio inerte, tal como un hidrocarburo alifático, del sistema catalítico, siendo la concentración de metaloceno (a) de 0,5 μmol/l a 10 μmol/l, la del cocatalizador (b) de 0,01 a 5 mmol/l, y la cantidad de sólido activador de 0,5 a 1.000 mg/l, y a continuación se introduce la o las olefinas bajo una presión de 1 a 250 bares, llevándose a cabo la (co)polimerización a una temperatura de -20°C a 250°C, durante un periodo de tiempo de 5 minutos a 10 horas.
- 37Procedimiento según la reivindicación 36, caracterizado porque la o las olefinas se introduce(n) bajo una presión de 0,5 a 60 bares, y se opera a una temperatura de 10°C a temperatura ligeramente inferior a la temperatura de fusión del polímero.
- 38Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 33 a 35, llevado a cabo en fase gaseosa, caracterizado porque la o las olefinas se inyecta(n) bajo una presión de 1-60 bares, a una temperatura de 10 a 110°C, en un reactor que presenta un lecho agitado y/o un lecho fluidificado del sistema catalítico.
- 39Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 33 a 38, caracterizado porque se opera en presencia de un agente de transferencia de cadena, tal como hidrógeno. ES 2 200 286 T3
- 40Procedimiento según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 33 a39, caracterizado porque en primer lugar se lleva a cabo una prepolimerización en suspensión o, preferentemente, en fase gaseosa, sobre el sistema catalítico tal como se ha definido en cualquiera de las reivindicaciones 27 a 32, y a continuación se introducen las partículas de prepolímero obtenidas de este modo en el procedimiento de (co)polimerización propiamente dicho en suspensión o en fase gaseosa. NOTA INFORMATIVA:Conforme a la reserva del art. 167.2 del Convenio de Patentes Europeas (CPE) y a la Disposición Transitoria del RD 2424/1986, de 10 de octubre, relativo a la aplicación del Convenio de Patente Europea, las patentes europeas que designen a España y solicitadas antes del 7-10-1992, no producirán ningún efecto en España en la medida en que confieran protección a productos químicos y farmacéuticos como tales. Esta información no prejuzga que la patente esté o no incluida en la mencionada reserva.
Independent claims40
376 paragraphs in 23 sections, as filed
ES 2 200 286 T3
DESCRIPTION
Solid support activator of metallocene catalysts in olefin polymerization, its preparation process, catalytic system and corresponding polymerization process.
The present invention relates to a solid support for activating metallocene catalysts used for the polymerization of olefins; to a process for preparing said support; to the corresponding catalytic system; as well as the polymerization of olefins, in suspension or in the gas phase, with the help of said catalytic system.
The (co) polymerization of ethylene and alpha-olefins in the presence of a metallocene / aluminoxane catalyst system is well known. The first highly active catalytic system of this type that was discovered is the one based on zirconocene: Cp2 ZrCl2 / aluminoxane. Metallocene / aluminoxane catalyst systems are soluble in the polymerization medium. The development of research in this field has led to the discovery of other metallocene catalysts, such as linked metallocenes, which are capable of leading, in the case of the copolymerization of ethylene with alpha-olefins, to a better homogeneity of distribution of the comonomers in molecular chains.
However, aluminoxanes, in particular the methylaluminoxane, which is the most commonly used, have the drawbacks of being expensive and unstable products, partly responsible for the poor morphology of the polymers, which causes the reactors to flush, which makes the escort very complicated.
The applicant company has investigated to solve this problem in order to propose a catalytic system based on metallocene, active in the polymerization of olefins, which does not use or uses less aluminoxane than in the past.
Currently, it is recognized that a metallocene complex has a cationic nature in its active form. This has been verified by various spectrometric methods and by the equivalence of the properties of two polymers produced, one by the metallocene / aluminoxane system, and the other by stable metallocene / cationic salt systems. The role of the aluminoxane is supposed to be the alkylation of the metallocene, the activation of the methylated species through the formation of a cationic complex, and the stabilization of said active species. Numerous non-coordinating counter-anions have been proposed to replace aluminoxane in its activator role [J. EWEN, M. ELDER, R. JONES, L. HASPESLAGH, J. ATWOOD, S. BOTT, K. ROBINSON: Makromol. Chem. Macromol. Symp. 48/49, 253 (1991); M. BOCHMANN, S, LANCASTER: Organometallics 12, 633 (1993)].
The applicant company has discovered that the counter ion of the active cationic complex could be constituted by a solid support, advantageously with a defined and controlled structure comparable to that of the supports used in classical Ziegler-Natta catalysis to allow the physical development of the polymerization, said support is functionalized to create acidic sites that activate the metallocene without forming complexes.
The solid support according to the invention, as defined below, constitutes an activating support that makes it possible to achieve levels of activity in polymerization of olefins that are at least equal to, but frequently higher, than the activity exhibited by a purely homogeneous system.
The present invention therefore has as its object, first of all, a solid support activator of metallocenes as catalysts in the polymerization of olefins, characterized in that it consists of a set of solid catalytic component support particles, made up of at least one oxide porous mineral, said particles having been modified to present, on the surface, Lewis acid sites, aluminum and / or magnesian, of the formula:
F \ / \
Al-F, Al or Mg-F, the Al- groups from a functionalizing agent that has reacted on / \ /
F -OH radicals present in the base particles of the support, and following the functionalization reaction, a fluorination reaction has been carried out.
The direct use of aluminum and / or magnesium fluorides presents difficulties that are difficult to overcome in terms of producing a support that has the appropriate granulometric and porous properties.
Porous mineral oxides are advantageously selected from silica, alumina and their mixtures.
Porous mineral oxide particles preferably have at least one of the following characteristics:
- they comprise pores with a diameter between 7.5 and 30 nm (75 to 300 ° A);
- have a porosity between 1 and 4 cm<sup>3</sup>/ g;
ES 2 200 286 T3
- have a specific surface area between 100 and 600 m<sup>2</sup> / g; Y
- have an average diameter between 1 and 100 μιη.
The support, before its modification, has on its surface some -OH radicals, in particular from 0.25 to 10, and, more advantageously, from 0.5 to 4 -OH radicals per nm<sup>2</sup>. After its modification, said support has both aluminum and magnesian Lewis acid sites at least partially fluorinated per nm.<sup>2</sup>.
The support can be diverse in nature. Depending on its nature, its state of hydration and its ability to retain water, it can lead us to subject it to more or less intense dehydration treatments, depending on the desired -OH radical content on the surface.
The person skilled in the art can achieve, through routine tests, the dehydration treatment that should be applied to the support he has selected, depending on the desired -OH radical content on the surface.
For example, if the support is made of silica, which is in accordance with a preferred embodiment of the invention, the silica can be heated between 100 and 1000 ° C and preferably between 140 and 800 ° C, under the sweep of an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon, at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum, for example 1x10 absolute pressure<sup>-2</sup> millibars, for example at least 60 min. For such heat treatment, silica can be mixed for example with NH4Cl so that dehydration can be accelerated.
If said heat treatment is between 100 and 450 ° C, it can be considered to continue it with a silanization treatment. Said type of treatment results in the implantation, on the surface of the support, of a species derived from silica to make said surface more hydrophobic. Said silane can, for example, be an alkoxytrialkylsilane such as methoxytrimethylsilane, a trialkylchlorosilane such as trimethylchlorosilane or triethylchlorosilane.
Said silane is generally applied to the support by preparing a suspension of said support in an organic solution of silane. Said silane may, for example, be at a concentration of between 0.1 and 10 moles per mole of OH radicals on the support. The solvent for said solution can be selected from linear or branched aliphatic hydrocarbons such as hexane or heptane, optionally substituted alicyclic hydrocarbons such as cyclohexane, aromatic hydrocarbons such as toluene, benzene or xylene. Treatment of the support with the silane solution is generally prepared at a temperature between 50 ° C and 150 ° C, for 1 to 48 hours and under stirring.
After silanization, the solvent is removed, for example by siphoning or filtration, the support is then washed, preferably abundantly, for example with 0.3 l of solvent per gram of support.
The surface rate of the support in -OH radicals can be measured according to known techniques such as, for example, by reacting an organomagnesian such as CH3Mgl on the support, with the measurement of the amount of methane released [Mc Daniel, J. Catal., 67, 71 (1981)]; by reaction of the support triethylaluminum, with measurement of the amount of ethane released [Thesis by Véronique Gachard-Pasquet, Claude Bernard-LYON University 1, France, 1985, pages 221-224].
According to the present invention, said at least partially fluorinated aluminum and / or magnesian Lewis acid sites are formed by the reaction of -OH radicals carried by the base particles of the support with at least one functionalizing agent selected from among :
- the compounds of formula (I):
Al (R<sup>1</sup>) 3 in which the R<sup>1</sup>, identical or different, each represents a C1-C20 alkyl group; - compounds of formula (II):
Mg (R<sup>2</sup>) 2 (I) (II) in which the R<sup>2</sup>, identical or different, each represents a C1-C20 alkyl group; Y
ES 2 200 286 T3 (III)
- compounds of formula (III):
(R<sup>3</sup>) m — Y — O— (Al— O) n — Al— (R<sup>4</sup>)2 <sub>R</sub>4 in which:
- R<sup>3</sup>, identical or different, each represents a C1-C12 alkyl group or a C1-C12 alkoxy group;
- R<sup>4</sup>, identical or different, each represents a C1-C12 alkyl group or a C1-C12 alkoxy group;
- Y represents Al or Si, m presents a value of 2 if Y = Al and 3 if Y = Si; Y
- n has a value of 0 or is an integer from 1 to 40, preferably n has a value of 0 or is an integer from 1 to 20;
- compounds of formula (IV):
(-Α1-Ο)<sub>ρ</sub>—I (IV) in which:
- R<sup>5</sup> each represents a C1-C8 alkyl group; and - p is an integer from 3 to 20, said functionalization reaction is followed by a fluorination reaction.
By way of examples of compounds (I), mention may be made of those in which the R <sup>1</sup> they represent methyl, ethyl, butyl and hexyl, aluminum can have 1, 2 or 3 different groups; a preferred compound (I) is triethylaluminum.
By way of examples of compounds (II), mention may be made of those in which the R <sup>2</sup> represent methyl, ethyl and butyl; a preferred compound (II) is magnesium n-butyl sec-butyl.
As examples of compounds (III), mention may be made of dibutoxyaluminoxytrietoxysilane (C2 H5 O) 3 Si-O-Al (OC4 H9) 2, tetraisobutyldialuminoxane (iBu) 2 Al-O-Al (iBu) 2, and linear oligomeric alkyl aluminoxanes, particularly those in which R<sup>3</sup> and R<sup>4</sup> they are methyl groups.
Compounds (IV) are cyclic oligomeric alkyl aluminoxanes; those in which R<sup>5</sup> is a methyl group.
The present invention also relates to a fluorinated functionalized support, as just described, in the prepreg state with a metallocene catalyst, said metallocene catalyst has been subjected if necessary to a prealkylination treatment carried out before or after the prepreg of said support.
The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of a solid support activator of metallocenes as catalysts in the polymerization of olefins, characterized in that a set of catalytic compound support particles is subjected to a functionalization solid, formed by at least one porous mineral oxide and presenting, on the surface, some -OH radicals, using a functionalizing agent capable of implanting the Lewis, aluminum and / or magnesian acid sites on said particles; after said support particles thus implanted are subjected to a fluorination treatment.
To carry out said process, the support particles can be used as described above, and the functionalizing agents as described above.
According to a preferred embodiment of said process, functionalization is carried out by treating a suspension of said particles in a solvent medium with said functionalizing agent at a temperature of -150 ° C to + 150 ° C for a period of time from 1 minute to 12 hours, and then recovering the implanted particles after washing. The solvent is selected mainly from aliphatic hydrocarbons, alicí4
ES 2 200 286 T3 cyclic and aromatic, and advantageously preferred temperature and duration conditions of 30 to 100 ° C and 1 to 3 hours. Mainly 0.5 to 20 mmol of functionalizing agent per g of particles are used.
After functionalization, a thermal treatment can optionally be carried out under an inert gas (such as argon or nitrogen), preferably in a fluidized bed with said inert gas, said treatment is intended to eliminate the alkoxy groups present on the surface, which could come from the functionalizing agent presenting alkoxy radicals R<sup>3</sup> and / or R<sup>4</sup>. Said heat treatment, or pyrrolysis, is advantageously carried out at a temperature of about 200-600 ° C for about 1-10 hours. If not carried out, the alkoxyl groups could be the origin of the formation of water by reaction with oxygen when applying an oxidation treatment that can be considered before the final fluorination. In effect, the aim is to eliminate any trace of water, because water is capable of altering or impurifying the solid.
The oxidation treatment just indicated may advantageously consist of a heat treatment of the functionalized support particles, in a fluidized bed, with oxygen, for example at a temperature of 200-600 ° C, for 1-10 hours. Said treatment allows to increase the surface acidity of the support, and consequently, the functioning of the catalytic system.
Radicals R<sup>1</sup>, R<sup>2</sup>, R<sup>3</sup>, R<sup>4</sup> and R<sup>5</sup> they are at least partially replaced by F at the time of the final fluorination step. The fluorination can be carried out by contacting the gaseous hydrofluoric acid of the functionalized support particles if necessary after a heat treatment under inert gas and / or after oxidation, said contacting is carried out in a period of time from 1 minute to 24 hours, at a temperature of 20 to 800 ° C; however, hydrofluoric acid can be advantageously replaced by (NH<sub>4</sub>)<sub>2</sub>SiF<sub>6</sub>, in this case it is mixed with (NH4) 2SiF6 by spraying the functionalized support particles, if necessary, after a heat treatment under inert gas and / or after oxidation; the actual fluorination treatment with (NH4) 2SiF6 consists mainly in slightly fluidizing the precipitated mixture of the carrier particles and (NH4) 2SiF6 with an inert gas such as argon or nitrogen and in carrying out a heat treatment at a temperature of about 300 to 500 ° C for about 1 to 10 hours. In general, for fluorination, mainly 1 to 5% by weight, in particular 3 to 5% by weight, of fluorine is used in relation to said support particles (above the value of 5% by weight, produces a degradation of the support).
The present invention also relates to a catalytic system for the polymerization of olefins, comprising:
(a) a metallocene catalyst which, if necessary, has been subjected to a prealkylation;
(b) a cocatalyst; and (c) a solid metallocene activator support, as defined above or prepared by the procedure defined above, the cocatalyst (b) may be absent if the metallocene catalyst (a) has been previously alkylated, the support ( c) it can be impregnated by the metallocene catalyst (a) which, if necessary, has been subjected to a prealkylation treatment carried out either before or after the prepreg of said support.
The metallocene catalyst (a) generally consists of a compound of formula (V):
MLx (V) in which:
- M represents a transition metal belonging to group 4b of the Periodic Classification according to the Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, 61<sup>to</sup> edition;
- L represents a ligand coordinated to the transition metal, at least one ligand L which is a backbone group of the cycloalkadienyl type;
- x is equal to the valence of the transition metal, the ligands L, whose number is equal to the valence of the transition metal M, being identical or different.
M is in particular Ti, Zr or Hf.
By the term "cycloalkadienyl-type backbone group" is meant the cycloalkadienyl group by itself or a substituted cycloalkadienyl group.
Preferably, a cycloalkadienyl group is a cyclopentadienyl group.
ES 2 200 286 T3
When the compound of formula MLx contains at least two backbone groups of the cycloalkadienyl type, at least two of said groups can be linked together by a bivalent radical. Each bivalent radical can be an alkylene radical, such as the methylene radical (-CH2-), the ethylene radical (-CH2 -CH2-) or the trimethylene radical (-CH2 CH2CH2-), said alkylene radical may also be substituted, for example by at least one hydrocarbon group, such as the isopropylidene radical; The bivalent radical can also be a silylene group (-SiH2), optionally substituted, for example by at least one hydrocarbon group, as is the case for the dialkylsilylene (dimethylsilylene), diarylsilylene (diphenylsilylene) or alkylarylsilylene (methylphenylsilylene) radicals.
When a cyclo group is substituted, the substituents are mainly selected from C1-C20 alkyl, C2-C20 alkenyl, aryl and aralkyl groups. Two substituents found in adjacent positions on the same cycloalcadienyl ring can be linked together, forming an aromatic ring or not, condensed on said cycloalcadienyl ring. In the case where said latter is a cyclopentadienyl ring, the resulting fused cyclo can be an indenyl, tetrahydroindenyl, fluorenyl, octahydrofluorenyl cyclo.
Furthermore, at least one ligand L can be selected from:
- the groups of the formula:
-OR-; -S-; -NR<sup>6</sup>-; or PR<sup>6</sup> (in which R<sup>6</sup> represents hydrogen or a group selected from the silyl, alkyl or aryl groups, the latter two being optionally halogenated) one of whose free valences is attached to the transition metal atom M, and the other free valence is attached to a bivalent radical, linked to a cycloalkadienyl backbone ligand L; Y
- the formula groups:
-OR<sup>7</sup>; -MR<sup>7</sup>; -NR<sup>7</sup>two; or PR<sup>7</sup>two (R<sup>7</sup> has the same meaning as R<sup>6</sup> as defined above) whose free valence is attached to a bivalent radical, itself linked to a ligand L of the cycloalkadienyl backbone;
some examples of the bivalent radicals that have been indicated above, in the description of the agents that bind two cycloalkadienyl ligands.
Ligands L different from those mentioned above can be selected from among:
- hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, such as linear or branched alkyl groups (such as methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, butyl); cycloalkyl groups (such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl); aryl groups (such as phenyl); alkaryl groups (such as tolyl); and aralkyl groups (such as benzyl);
- alkoxy groups, such as methoxy, ethoxy, butoxy and phenoxy;
- halogens, such as fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine.
By way of example, the metallocene catalyst can be selected from the following compounds:
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) dichlorozirconium (Cp2 ZrCl2);
- bis (indenyl) dichlorozirconium (Ind2 ZrCl2);
- bis (n-butylcyclopentadienyl) dichlorozirconium [(nBuCp) 2 ZrCl2];
- ethylenebis (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) dichlorozirconium [Et (THInd) 2 ZrCl2];
- ethylenebis (indenyl) dichlorozirconium [Et (Ind) 2 ZrCl2];
- isopropylidene (cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dichlorozirconium [iPr (Cp) (Flu) ZrCl2];
- isopropylidene bis (tert-butylcyclopentadienyl) -dichlorozirconium [iPr (tBuCp) 2 ZrCl2];
- dimethylsilyl (3-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dichlorozirconium;
- dimethylsilylbisindenyldichlorozirconium [Me2 Si (Ind2) ZrCl2];
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) dimethylzirconium;
ES 2 200 286 T3
- bis (indenyl) dimethylzirconium (Ind2 ZrMe2);
- ethylenebis (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) dimethylzirconium;
- ethylenebis (indenyl) dimethylzirconium;
- isopropylidene (cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dimethylzirconium;
- dimethylsilyl (3-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dimethylzirconium;
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) diphenylzirconium;
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) dibenzylzirconium;
- dimethylsilyl (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, tert-butyl-amino) dichlorozirconium, said compound having the formula (CH3) 2Si ((CH3) 4C5, (CH3) 3CN) ZrCl2;
- dimethylsilyl (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, tert-butylamino) dimethyltitanium, said compound having the formula (CH3) 2Si ((CH3) 4C5, (CH3) 3CN) Ti (CH3) 2;
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) dichlorotitanium;
- ethylenebis (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) dichlorotitanium;
- ethylenebis (indenyl) dichlorotitanium;
- isopropylidene (cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dichlorotitanium;
- dimethylsilyl (3-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dichlorotitanium;
- bis (cyclopentadienyl) dimethyltitanium;
- ethylenebis (4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1-indenyl) dimethyltitanium;
- ethylenebis (indenyl) dimethyltitanium;
- isopropylidene (cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dimethyltitanium;
- dimethylsilyl (3-tert-butyl-cyclopentadienyl, fluorenyl) dimethyltitanium;
- dimethylsilyl (tetramethylcyclopentadienyl, tert-butyl-amino) dichlorotitanium, said last compound having the formula (CH3) 2Si ((CH3) 4C5, (CH3) 3 CN) TiCl2.
Regarding the cocatalysts (b), they are mainly selected from among:
(b1) Alkylaluminum of formula (Ia)
Al (R<sup>8</sup>) 3 (Ia) in which R<sup>8</sup> , identical or different, represent alkyl, substituted or not, having 1 to 12 carbon atoms such as ethyl, isobutyl, n-hexyl and n-octyl; alkoxy; aryl; halogen; hydrogen or oxygen; at least one R<sup>8 </sup>representing alkyl;
(b2) aluminum sesquihalides;
(b3) compounds of formula (IIIa) consisting of compounds of formula (III) as defined above, in which Y = Al;
(b4) compounds of formula (IV) as described above.
As examples of cocatalyst (b), mention may be made of methylaluminoxane, triisobutylaluminum and triethylaluminum.
As already stated above, the metallocene catalyst can be pre-impregnated on the activator support. Said prepreg can be carried out as follows:
ES 2 200 286 T3
The activator support is placed in suspension in a solvent selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, with the metallocene. The operation is carried out at a temperature between 0 and 140 ° C, for 1 h to 10 hours. The proportion of metallocene represents between 0.01 and 20% by mass in relation to the activating support. At the end of the operation, the medium is decanted to remove the supernatant. The support is then washed several times, between 20 and 140 ° C, with a quantity of solvent between 50 and 300 ml per gram of support.
On the other hand, as also stated above, the metallocene (a) can also be subjected to a prealkylation; In the case where a prepreg of the activator support with the metallocene (a) is envisaged, said prealkylation can occur either before or after the prepreg.
The prealkylation can be carried out with an alkylating agent, such as alkyl lithium or an alkyl magnesium, the alkyl group, straight or branched chain, having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, under the following conditions:
The metallocene or the impregnated solid is placed in a Shlenk tube containing 10 to 50 ml of a solvent selected from aliphatic, alicyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons, per gram of support or per 10 milligrams of metallocene. The temperature of the medium is brought between 100 and 0 ° C. Then, between 1 and 5 moles of alkylating agent are introduced per mole of metallocene. After introduction, the reaction medium is allowed to slowly return to room temperature. The entire operation takes between 1 and 10 hours.
In the catalytic system according to the invention, the molar ratio Al of the catalyst (b 1) or (b2) to the transition metal of the metallocene is mainly 1 to 10,000, in particular 1 to 2,000; and the molar ratio A1 of the cocatalyst (b3) or (b4) to the transition metal of the metallocene (a) is mainly 1 to 10,000, in particular 10 to 200. On the other hand, the activator solid is used mainly at the rate of 0.01 to 2,000 mg, in particular 0.01 to 200 mg, per µmol of metallocene catalyst.
The present invention also relates to a process for the homopolymerization or copolymerization of olefins, in suspension or in the gas phase, in the presence of a catalytic system as defined above.
Olefins that can be used for polymerization (homo- and copolymerization) are, for example, olefins having from two to twenty carbon atoms and, in particular, alpha-olefins of said group. As olefin, mention may be made of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl-1-pentene, 1-octene, 1-hexene, 3-methyl-1-pentene, 3-methyl- 1-butene, 1-decene, 1-tetradecene, or their mixtures. In particular, the olefin is ethylene.
In the case in which the polymerization process is carried out in suspension, the following procedure can be carried out: In a reactor, a suspension of the catalytic system is introduced in an inert medium, such as an aliphatic hydrocarbon, the concentration of the metallocene (a) is 0.5 μmol / l to 10 μmol / l, the cocatalyst (b) is 0 0.01 to 5 mmol / l, the amount of activator solid is 0.5 to 1000 mg / l, then the olefin (s) are introduced under a pressure of 1 to 250 bar, the (co) polymerization is carried out at a temperature of -20 ° C to 250 ° C, for a period of time from 5 minutes to 10 hours.
As the aliphatic hydrocarbon, n-heptane, n-hexane, isohexane, isopentane or isobutane can be used.
The preferred conditions are as follows:
- pressure from 0.5 to 60 bars;
- temperature from 10 ° C to a temperature slightly lower than the melting temperature of the polymer (5 ° C below said melting temperature).
In the case in which the polymerization is carried out in the gas phase, one can proceed as follows: the olefin (s) are injected under a pressure of 1-60 bar, at a temperature of 10 to 110 ° C, in a reactor having a stirred bed and / or a fluidized bed of the catalytic system. In this case, the metallocene catalyst has been impregnated on the activating support and the cocatalyst is introduced by injection into the reactor or by impregnation on a solid charge injected into the reactor.
The polymerization processes mentioned above can involve a chain transfer agent, in order to control the melt index of the polymer to be produced. As chain transfer agent, hydrogen can be used, which is introduced in an amount that can reach up to 90% and preferably being between 0.01 and 60% in moles of the olefin and hydrogen combined brought to the reactor.
For the case in which an excellent morphological control of the polymer particles is desired, it is recommended to carry out a prepolymerization in suspension or, preferably, in the gas phase, on the catalytic system of the invention, after introducing the prepolymer particles obtained from this. mode in the (co) polymerization process itself in suspension or in the gas phase. The prepolymerization is carried out to a degree adapted to the polymerization process in which the prepolymer will be used later.
ES 2 200 286 T3
The following Examples illustrate the present invention without in any way limiting its scope. In these examples, the following abbreviations have been used for the prepared (co) polymers:
Mw = weight average molecular mass
Mn = number average molecular mass, said masses were determined by SEC.
Mw / Mn = polymolecularity% mm = percentage of meso dyads, determined by NMR.
The activator solids of the metallocene catalysts prepared were noted after the preparation steps: SiO2 / functionalizing agent / O2 (oxygenation) / F (fluorination).
Activities and productivity were considered null when they were respectively less than 10<sup>2</sup> g / mol.hog / mol.
All the vessels and reactors used were purged by argon and, except for precision, the syntheses were carried out under an argon atmosphere.
In the case of (co) polymerizations, in the absence of any other indication, the concentrations were taken to the amount of solvent used for the (co) polymerization.
Functionalizing agents for the silanol groups of silica used:
Di (sec-butoxy) aluminoxytriethoxysilane (C2H5O) 3 - Si - O - Al - (OC4H9) 2
Mb Bu2 = n-butyl-sec-butyl magnesium
TEA = triethylaluminum Metallocense catalysts used:
Cp2 ZrCl2; Ind2 ZrCl2, Ind2 ZrMe2, Me2 Si (Ind) 2 ZrCl2, Et (Ind) 2 ZrCl2: defined above.
Cocatalysts used
MAO = methylaluminoxane
TiBA = triisobutylaluminum
TEA = triethylaluminum
In the expression of the activity (it is the maximum activity, unless otherwise mentioned) in g of (co) polymer / g cata. H and of the productivity in g of (co) polymer / g cata, g cata means mass of solid activator + metallocene mass. I- Ethylene polymerization
Pressure: 4 bars
Temperature: 80 ° C
Hanging medium: 300 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane Example 1 (a) Preparation of the activator solid SiO2 / Dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / O2 / F
A silica is treated with a specific surface of 300 m<sup>2</sup> / g, marketed under the name "GRACE 332" by the Grace Company, under dynamic vacuum according to the following temperature program:
- from 20 ° C to 100 ° C in 30 minutes;
- from 100 ° C to 130 ° C in 30 minutes;
- from 130 ° C to 450 ° C in 1 hour 30;
- bring to 450 ° C for 2 hours.
ES 2 200 286 T3
Said treatment supplies a silica containing 1 mmol OH / g. 1 gram of heat-treated silica is suspended in 20 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. Said suspension is treated with 846 mg of dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane (352.5 g / mol) at a temperature of 50 ° C for 1 hour. At the end of the reaction, add 100 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. After 10 minutes of stirring, the suspension is decanted to collect the supernatant. The washing operation is repeated 3 times. After the last wash, the product obtained is dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 100 ° C under dynamic vacuum. This product is then treated in a fluidized bed using argon following the temperature program:
- from 20 ° C to 130 ° C in 1 hour;
-from 130 ° C to 450 ° C 1 hour;
- bring to 450 ° C for 1 hour;
- from 450 ° C to 20 ° C in 2 hours.
Following this stage, a heat treatment identical to the previous one is carried out, but fluidizing the product with oxygen.
62 mg of (NH4) 2SiF6 (178 g / mol) is then added. Said mixture, slightly fluidized by a stream of argon, is subjected to the following heat treatment:
- from 20 ° C to 130 ° C in 1 hour;
-from 130 ° C to 450 ° C 1 hour;
- bring to 450 ° C for 1 hour;
- from 450 ° C to 20 ° C in 2 hours.
Solid 1 is thus obtained.
(b) Ethylene polymerization
In a 1-liter flask, place 300 cm<sup>3</sup> heptane, 0.1 cm<sup>3</sup> of a solution of MAO (1.53 mol / l in aluminum in toluene), 17 mg of a solid compound 1, 0.9 μmol of Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub>. Said suspension is injected into a 500 cm reactor<sup>3</sup>. The polymerization temperature is 80 ° C, and the ethylene pressure is kept at 4 bar for 60 minutes. 6.6 g of polyethylene are recovered from:
-Mw = 227,000
-— = 43.330
-M<sup>—</sup>w / M<sup>—</sup>n = 5.2
Example 2 (a) Preparation of the solid activator SiO2 / MgBu2 / F
The silica used in said example is identical to that used in Example 1 and has been subjected to the same heat treatment. 4.6 g grams of said silica are suspended in 20 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. Said suspension is treated with 13.5 cm<sup>3</sup> of a MgBu solution<sub>2</sub> in hexane (1 mol / l) at a temperature of 50 ° C for 1 hour. At the end of the reaction, add 100 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. After 10 minutes of stirring, the suspension is decanted to collect the supernatant. The washing operation is repeated 3 times. After the last wash, the product obtained is dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 100 ° C under dynamic vacuum.
238 mg of (NH4) 2SiF6 is then added. Said mixture, slightly fluidized by means of a stream of argon, is subjected to the heat treatment defined at the end of point (a) of Example 1.
Solid 2 is thus obtained.
(b) Ethylene polymerization
Said polymerization is carried out as in Example 1 (b), except that 16 mg of the solid compound are used.
2.
The results are presented in Table 1.
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Example 3 (a) Preparation of the solid activator SiO2 / TEA / F
The silica used in said example is identical to that used in Example 1 and has been subjected to the same heat treatment. 1 g of said silica is suspended in 20 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. This suspension is treated with
0.8 cm<sup>3</sup> of a solution of TEA (1.5 mol / l in heptane) at a temperature of 50 ° C for 1 hour. At the end of the reaction, add 100 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. After 10 minutes of stirring, the suspension is decanted to collect the supernatant. The washing operation is repeated 3 times. After the last wash, the product obtained is dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 100 ° C under dynamic vacuum.
62 mg of (NH4) 2SiF6 (178 g / mol) is then added. Said mixture, slightly fluidized by means of a stream of argon, is subjected to the heat treatment defined at the end of point (a) of Example 1.
Solid 3 is thus obtained.
(b) Ethylene polymerization
Said polymerization is carried out as in Example 1 (b), except that 14 mg of the solid compound are used.
3.
The results are also presented in Table 1.
Example 4 (comparative)
Polymerization of ethylene in the absence of solid activator of the metallocene catalyst
Said polymerization is carried out as in Example 1, except that no solid compound is used. The polyethylene obtained has the following characteristics:
-Mw = 214 600
-Mn = 30,940
-M<sup>—</sup>w / M<sup>—</sup>n = 6.9
The results are also presented in Table 1.
TABLE 1
Ethylene polymerization
Metallocene catalyst: Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> at a rate of 3 μmol / l
Cocatalyst: —AO at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l
<td>Example</td><td>Solid catalyst activator (mg)</td><td>Activity (gPE / molZr.h)</td><td>Productivity (gPE / mol Zr)</td><td>Activity (gPe / g cata-h)</td><td>Productivity (gPe / g cata.h)</td><td>Activation*</td>
<td> 1</td><td>Solid 1 (17)</td><td>7.31 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>4.30 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> 433,5</td><td> 255</td><td> 5,0</td>
<td> 2</td><td>Solid 2 (16)</td><td>2.19 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>1.36 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> 147</td><td> 91</td><td> 1,5</td>
<td> 3</td><td>Solid 3 (14)</td><td>2.04 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>1.61 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> 137</td><td> 108</td><td> 1,4</td>
<td>4 (comparative)</td><td> —</td><td>1.46 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>0.89 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> —</td><td> —</td><td> —</td>
* activation = relationship between activity with solid and activity without solid (taking into account the activities related to the amount of zirconium).
Example 5
A polymerization of ethylene is carried out under the conditions of Example 1 (b), except that it is substituted in —AO by 0.4 cm<sup>3</sup> TiBA (1.4 mol / l in heptane, that is 2 mmol / l) and that solid 1 was used at a rate of 15 mg
ES 2 200 286 T3 instead of 17 mg.
The results are the following:
- Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 0.90 x 10<sup>6</sup>
- Productivity (gPE / mol Zr): 0.70 x 10<sup>6 </sup>Example 6 (comparative)
Ethylene polymerization is carried out as in Example 5, except that no solid catalyst activating compound is used.
Activity and productivity are zero.
Example 7
Proceed as in Example 5, except that the TiBA is replaced by 1.0 cm<sup>3</sup> of TEA (1.5 mol / l in heptane, ie 5 mmol / l).
The results are the following:
- Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 0.49 x 10<sup>6</sup>
- Productivity (gPE / mol Zr): 0.36 x 10<sup>6 </sup>Example 8 (comparative)
Ethylene polymerization is carried out as in Example 7, except that no solid catalyst activator compound is used.
The results are the following:
- Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 1100
- Productivity (gPE / mol Zr): 880 Example 9
A homopolymerization of ethylene is carried out as in Example 5, except that the 0.9 μmol of Cp is replaced<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> per 0.9 μmol Ind<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> .
The results are presented in Table 2.
Example 10
Ethylene homopolymerization is carried out as in Example 9, except that 0.1 mmol TiBA is used as the catalyst.
The results are presented in Table 2.
Example 11 (comparative)
Ethylene homopolymerization is carried out as in Example 9, except that no catalyst activator solid is used.
The results are presented in Table 2.
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TABLE 2
Ethylene polymerization
Metallocene catalyst: Ind<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> at a rate of 3 μmol / l
Catalyst activator solid (except for Example 11) = solid 1 at 10 mg
<td>Example</td><td>Cocatalyst (mmol / l)</td><td>Activity (gPE / molZr.h)</td><td>Productivity (gPE / mol Zr)</td>
<td> 9</td><td>TiBA (2)</td><td>1.06 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>6.67 x 10<sup>5</sup></td>
<td> 10</td><td>TiBA (0.1)</td><td>6.72 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>4.08 x 10<sup>5</sup></td>
<td>eleven (comparative)</td><td>TiBA (2)</td><td>1.89 x 10<sup>5</sup></td><td>1.57 x 10<sup>5</sup></td>
Example 12
A homopolymerization of ethylene is carried out as in Example 5, except that the 0.9 μmol of Cp is replaced<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> per 0.9 μmol Ind<sub>2</sub>ZrMe<sub>2</sub> .
The results are presented in Table 3.
Examples 13 and 14
A homopolymerization of ethylene is carried out as in Example 12, except that 0.5 and 0.1 mmol of TiBA are used respectively as the catalyst.
The results are presented in Table 3.
Example 15 (comparative)
Ethylene homopolymerization is carried out as in Example 12, except that no solid catalyst activating compound is used.
The results are presented in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Ethylene polymerization
Metallocene catalyst: Ind<sub>2</sub>ZrMe<sub>2</sub> at a rate of 3 μmol / l
Catalyst activator solid (except for Example 15) = solid 1 at 7.5 mg
<td>Example</td><td>Cocatalyst (mmol / l)</td><td>Activity (gPE / molZr.h)</td><td>Productivity (gPE / mol Zr)</td>
<td> 12</td><td>TiBA (2)</td><td>2.37 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>1.38 x 10<sup>6</sup></td>
<td> 13</td><td>TiBA (0.5)</td><td>2.46 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td>1.40 x 10<sup>6</sup></td>
<td> 14</td><td>TiBA (0.1)</td><td>1.32 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>7.37 x 10<sup>6</sup></td>
<td>fifteen (comparative)</td><td>TiBA (2)</td><td> 0</td><td> 0</td>
Example 16
A homopolymerization of ethylene is carried out as in Example 5, except that the 0.9 μmol of Cp is replaced<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> per 0.9 μmol of Me<sub>2</sub>Yes (Ind)<sub>2</sub> ZrCl<sub>2</sub> and that the TiBA cocatalyst is used at a rate of 5 mol / l.
ES 2 200 286 T3
The results are the following:
• Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 2.02 x 10<sup>6</sup> • Productivity (gPE / mol Zr): 1.88 x 10<sup>6 </sup>Example 17 (comparative)
Ethylene homopolymerization is carried out as in Example 16, except that no solid catalyst activating compound is used.
Activity and productivity are zero.
Example 18 (a) Preparation of the activator solid: solid 1
The procedure is as in Example 1 (a).
(b) Prepreg of the solid with Cp2ZrCl2
Subsequently, 417 mg of solid 1 are suspended in 50 cm<sup>3</sup> of toluene with 70 mg of Cp2ZrCl2 at a temperature of 70 ° C for 15 hours. At the end of the reaction, the suspension is decanted to remove the supernatant. 4 washes are carried out with toluene at a temperature of 70 ° C for 15 minutes. Each wash is interrupted with decantation followed by removal of the supernatant. Finally, drying is carried out at a temperature of 40 ° C for 40 minutes.
Solid 1 'is obtained.
(c) Ethylene polymerization
In a 1 liter flask, place 300cm<sup>3</sup> heptane, 0.10cm<sup>3</sup> deMAO (1.53 mol / l in aluminum in toluene), 10 mg of 1 'prepreg solid. Said suspension is injected into a 500 cm reactor<sup>3</sup>. The polymerization temperature is 80 ° C and the ethylene pressure is 4 bars. In 60 minutes, 2.2 g of polyethylene are recovered.
The results obtained are presented in Table 4.
Examples 19 and 20
The procedure is as in Example 18, except that activator solids 2 and 3 are used respectively to obtain 2 'and 3' respectively.
In Example 19, 1.19 g of activator solid 2 and 55 mg of Cp2ZrCl2 are used.
In Example 20, 877 mg of activator solid 3 and 80 mg of Cp2ZrCl2 are used.
The results obtained are presented in Table 4.
(Table goes to next page)
ES 2 200 286 T3
TABLE 4
Ethylene polymerization
Metallocene catalyst: Cp2 ZrCl2
Cocatalyst = MAO at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l
<td>Example</td><td>% Zr of the metallocene catalyst impregnated on the solid</td><td>Mass of catalyst or activator solid impregnated (mg)</td><td>Activity (gPE / molZr.h)</td><td>Activity (gPE / g.cata.h)</td>
<td> 18</td><td> 0,93</td><td>1 'Solid (10)</td><td>4.71 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> 480</td>
<td> 19</td><td> 1,05</td><td>Solid 2 '(10)</td><td>6.08 x 10<sup>6</sup></td><td> 700</td>
<td> 20</td><td> 0,45</td><td>Solid 3 '(9)</td><td>1.43 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td> 220</td>
Example 21 (a) Preparation of the activator solid
Proceed as for solid 2 of Example 2 (a).
(b) Prealkylation of the metallocene
80 mg of Cp2 ZrCl2 are solubilized in 20 cm<sup>3</sup> toluene. The temperature of the solution is then reduced to -80 ° C. 0.35 cm is then added dropwise<sup>3</sup> methyl lithium (1.6 mol / l in ether). At the end of the addition, the reaction medium is allowed to slowly return to room temperature. After decantation, the supernatant is removed.
(c) Prepreg
Solid 2 from step (a) and supernatant from step (b) are mixed in 30 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane. The prepreg tracking is faithful to that of Example 18 (b).
(d) Ethylene polymerization
Ethylene polymerization is carried out proceeding as in Example 18 (c).
The results obtained are the following:
•% of Zr impregnated on the solid: 1.60 • Cocatalyst: MAO at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l • Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 2.85 x 10<sup>6</sup> • Activity (gPE / g. Cata.h): 500.
Example 22 (a) Preparation of the activator solid
Proceed as for solid 2 of Example 2 (a).
(b) Metallocene prepreg
Proceed as in Example 18 (b).
(c) Prealkylation of the metallocene
The prepreg solid is suspended in 20 cm<sup>3</sup> of toluene. The temperature of the solution is then reduced to -80 ° C. Then 0.14 cm is added dropwise<sup>3</sup> methyl lithium (1.6 mol / l in ether). At the end of the addition, the reaction medium is allowed to slowly return to room temperature. After decantation, the supernatant is removed. The solid is dried at a temperature of 40 ° C for 30 minutes.
ES 2 200 286 T3 (d) Polymerization
Ethylene polymerization is carried out proceeding as in Example 18 (c).
The results obtained are the following:
•% of Zr impregnated on the solid: 0.60 • Cocatalyst: MAO at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l • Activity (gPE / mol Zr.h): 3.64 x 10<sup>6</sup> • Activity (gPE / g. Cata.h): 240.
Example 23
The procedure is as in Example 1, except that the TiBA cocatalyst is used instead of the MAO cocatalyst, always at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l.
The results are presented in Table 6.
Examples 24 to 29 (comparative)
Example 23 is repeated, except that, as activator solid, the silica SiO2 calcined according to the technique of Example 1 (a) or a silica modified in a different way from that of the present invention is used: by fluorination of SiO2 or SiO2 / dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane by (NH4) 2SiF6 in the case of Examples 25 and 27 respectively; stopping in the steps respectively SiO2 / dibutoxyaluminoxytrietoxysilane and SiO2 / dibutoxyaluminoxytrietoxysilane / O2 in the case of Examples 26 and 28 respectively; by chlorination of SiO2 / dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / O2 by NH4Cl in the case of Example 29.
The embodiments of Examples 25, 27 and 29 can be summarized as follows:
Example 25
The silica from Example 1 which has been subjected to the initial heat treatment (silica containing 1 mmol OH / g) is used.
On 2 g of said silica, 140 mg of (NH4) 2SiF6 are added and the mixture, slightly fluidized by a stream of argon, is subjected to the heat treatment indicated at the end of Example 1 (a).
Example 27
The procedure is as in Example (1a) except that 62 mg of (NH4) 2SiF6 are added to the functionalized substance by means of dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane, dried for 1 hour at a temperature of 100 ° C under dynamic vacuum, and subjected to the mixture, slightly fluidized by means of a stream of argon, the heat treatment indicated at the end of Example 1 (a). The heat treatment with the oxygen of Example 1 (a) is not carried out in the present Example. Example 29
The procedure is as in Example 1 (a) except that NH4) 2SiF6 is substituted for NH4Cl.
The results are also presented in Table 5.
ES 2 200 286 T3
TABLE 5
Ethylene polymerization
Metallocene catalyst: Cp<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> at 3 μmol / l Cocatalyst = TiBA at 0.5 mmol / l Amount of activator solid
<td>Example</td><td>Solid activator</td><td>Productivity (gPE / molZr)</td>
<td> 23</td><td>Yes<sub>2</sub>/ dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / O<sub>2</sub>/F</td><td>6.20 x 10<sup>5</sup></td>
<td>24 (comp.)</td><td>SiO2</td><td> 0</td>
<td>25 (comp.)</td><td>SiO2 / F</td><td> 0</td>
<td>26 (comp.)</td><td>Yes<sub>2</sub>/ dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane</td><td> 0</td>
<td>27 (comp.)</td><td>Yes<sub>2</sub>/ dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / F</td><td>9.76 x 10<sup>4</sup></td>
<td>28 (comp.)</td><td>Yes<sub>2</sub>/ dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / O<sub>2</sub></td><td> 0</td>
<td>29 (comp.)</td><td>Yes<sub>2</sub>/ dibutoxyaluminoxytriethoxysilane / O<sub>2</sub>/ cl</td><td> 0</td>
II- Polymerization of propylene
Pressure: 4 bars
Temperature: 40 ° C
Hanging medium: 500 cm<sup>3</sup> of heptane Example 30 (a) Preparation of solid 1
The procedure is as in Example 1 (a).
(b) Polymerization of propylene
In a 1-liter flask, place 500 cm<sup>3</sup> heptane, 0.16 cm<sup>3</sup> of MAO (1.53 mol / l in aluminum in toluene), 17 mg of the solid compound obtained in (a), 1.5 μmol of EtInd<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> (5.56 x 10<sup>-4</sup> mol / l in toluene). Said suspension is injected into a reactor of 11. The polymerization temperature is 40 ° C, and the propylene pressure is 4 bars. In 75 minutes, 24 g of polypropylene are recovered with a melting point of 137.6 ° C,% mm 89.6.
The results obtained are indicated in Table 6.
Example 31 (comparative)
Proceed as in Example 30, except that no catalyst activator solid is used.
The results are also indicated in Table 6.
Example 32
Proceed as in Example 30, except that the 1.5 μmo1s of Et (Ind) are substituted.<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub> per 1.5 μmo1es of Me2Si (Ind) 2ZrCl2.
The results are also indicated in Table 6.
ES 2 200 286 T3
Example 33 (comparative)
Proceed as in Example 32 except that no catalyst activator solid is used. The results are also indicated in Table 6.
TABLE 6
Metallocene catalyst used at 3 μmol / l Cocatalyst: MAO at 0.5 mmol / l
<td>Example</td><td>Catalyst Metallocene</td><td>Solid catalyst activator (mg)</td><td>Activity (gPE / molZr.h)</td><td>Productivity (gPE / mol Zr)</td><td>Activity (gPe / gcata.h)</td><td>Productivity (gPe / g tasting)</td>
<td> 30</td><td>Et (Ind)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl2</td><td>Solid 1 (16)</td><td>1.67 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>1.17 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td> 1582</td><td> 1108</td>
<td>31 (comp.)</td><td><sub>”</sub></td><td> —</td><td>1.04 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>0.81 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td> —</td><td> —</td>
<td> 32</td><td>I<sub>2</sub>Yes (Ind)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub></td><td>Solid 1 (16)</td><td>0.89 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>0.37 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td> 974</td><td> 405</td>
<td>33 (comp.)</td><td><sub>”</sub></td><td> —</td><td>0.44 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td>0.34 x 10<sup>7</sup></td><td> —</td><td> —</td>
<td>Example</td><td>Mw</td><td>Mn</td><td>Mw / Mn</td><td>T ° Fusion (° C)</td><td>% mm</td>
<td> 30</td><td> 37890</td><td> 16970</td><td> 2,23</td><td> 137,6</td><td> 89,6</td>
<td>31 (comp.)</td><td> 38150</td><td> 19270</td><td> 1,98</td><td> 135,8</td><td> 89,8</td>
<td> 32</td><td> 62830</td><td> 27930</td><td> 2,25</td><td> 145,0</td><td> 92,8</td>
<td>33 (comp.)</td><td> 61740</td><td> 26670</td><td> 2,31</td><td> 144,3</td><td> 90,9</td>
III - Ethylene hexene copolymerization
Example 34
In a 1 liter flask, introduce successively 300 cm<sup>3</sup> heptane, 5 cm<sup>3</sup> hexene -1, 0.15 cm<sup>3</sup> of TiBA (1 mol / l in heptane), 18 mg of solid 1 and 1x10<sup>-7</sup> moles of Et (Ind) 2ZrCl2. Said suspension is introduced into a 500 cm reactor<sup>3</sup> conditioned under an inert atmosphere. At the end of said introduction, ethylene is introduced progressively with increasing temperature to reach 4 bars at a temperature of 80 ° C.
After 30 minutes of polymerization, 17.1 g of copolymer are recovered with 6.9% by mass of hexene (infrared analysis), with a melting point of 113 ° C.
The results obtained are indicated in Table 7.
Example 35 (Comparative)
The procedure is as in Example 34, except that no activating solid is used, and that the metallocene catalyst is used at a rate of 3 µmol / l and that TiBA is used at a rate of 1 mmol / l.
No polymer is recovered (see Table 7).
Example 36
In a 1-liter flask, add successively 300 cm<sup>3</sup> heptane, 5 cm<sup>3</sup> 1-hexene, 0.13 cm<sup>3</sup> TiBA (1 mol / l in heptane).
ES 2 200 286 T3
In a 50 cm flask<sup>3</sup>, 22 mg of solid 1, 0.2 cm are introduced<sup>3</sup> of TiBA and, after 5 minutes of stirring, add 1.5 x10 <sup>-7</sup> moles of Et (Ind) 2ZrCl2 in solution in toluene.
The content of the 50 cm flask<sup>3</sup> is poured into the 500 cm flask<sup>3</sup>. The whole is then introduced into the polymerization reactor. The test takes place at a temperature of 80 ° C under a pressure of 4 bars of ethylene. After 30 minutes of polymerization, 20.2 g of polymer are obtained.
The results obtained are indicated in Table 7.
Example 37 (comparative)
The procedure is as in Example 35, except that the metallocene catalyst is used at a rate of 0.5 µΉ ^ Η and that the TiBA is replaced by MAO used at a rate of 0.5 mmol / l, respecting the aluminum proportions.
14.6 g of copolymer are recovered after 30 minutes of polymerization.
The results obtained are also presented in Table 7.
TABLE 7
Copolymerization of ethylene and 1-hexene
Pressure = 4 bars of ethylene Temperature = 80 ° C
Suspension medium = 300 cm<sup>3</sup> heptane
<td>Example</td><td>μΜ ^^ of catalyst Et (Ind)<sub>2</sub>ZrCl<sub>2</sub></td><td>Solid catalyst activator (mg)</td><td>Cocatalyst (mmol / l)</td><td>Productivity in 30 minutes (gCOPO / mol Zr)</td>
<td> 34</td><td> 0,5</td><td>Solid 1 (18)</td><td>TiBA (0.5)</td><td>1.71 x 10<sup>8</sup></td>
<td>35 (comp.)</td><td> 3</td><td> —</td><td>TiBA (1)</td><td> 0</td>
<td> 36</td><td> 0,5</td><td>Solid 1 (22)</td><td>TiBA (0.5)</td><td>1.34 x 10<sup>8</sup></td>
<td>37 (comp.)</td><td> 0,5</td><td> —</td><td>MAO (0.5)</td><td>9.73 x 10<sup>7</sup></td>
Contents23
24 members in 11 offices
Priority claims2
| Document | Office | Kind | Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19970012270 | France | – | |
| 9712270 | France | A |
Members24
| Document | Office | Kind | |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO984568D0 | Norway | D0 | |
| CA2246003A1 | Canada | A1 | |
| NO984568L | Norway | L | |
| EP0906920A1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | A1 | |
| FR2769245A1 | France | A1 | |
| CN1214342A | China | A | |
| KR19990036831A | Republic of Korea | A | |
| JPH11171911A | Japan | A | |
| FR2769245B1 | France | B1 | |
| US6239059B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| EP0906920B1 | European Patent Office (EPO) | B1 | |
| AT240353T | Austria | T | |
| ATE240353T1 | Austria | T1 | |
| CA2246003C | Canada | C | |
| DE69814554D1 | Germany | D1 | |
| US6605561B1 | United States of America | B1 | |
| US2004014596A1 | United States of America | A1 | |
| ES2200286T3This record | Spain | T3 | |
| DE69814554T2 | Germany | T2 | |
| CN1146592C | China | C | |
| US6780946B2 | United States of America | B2 | |
| NO317994B1 | Norway | B1 | |
| KR100522281B1 | Republic of Korea | B1 | |
| JP4292288B2 | Japan | B2 |
Numbers
- Publication
- 2200286
- Application
- 98402400
Titles2
- Spanish
- SOPORTE SOLIDO ACTIVADOR DE LOS CATALIZADORES METALOCENOS EN POLIMERIZACION DE LAS OLEFINAS, SU PROCEDIMIENTO DE PREPARACION, SISTEMA CATALITICO Y PROCEDIMIENTO DE POLIMERIZACION CORRESPONDIENTES.
- English
- SOLID ACTIVATOR SUPPORT FOR METALLOCENE CATALYSTS IN POLYMERIZATION OF OLEFINS, ITS PREPARATION PROCEDURE, CATALYTIC SYSTEM AND CORRESPONDING POLYMERIZATION PROCEDURE.
Classification
- CPC, 7
- C08F4/65912
- C08F10/00
- C08F4/65922
- C08F110/02
- C08F110/06
- Y10S526/943
- C08F2410/07
- IPC, 6
- C08F4 02
- C08F4 60
- C08F4 645
- C08F4 659
- C08F4 6592
- C08F10 00